IOGRAPHICAL   ANNALS 


CIVIL  GOVERNMENT 


UNITED    STATES. 


FROM     ORIGINAL    AND     OFFICIAL    SOURCES. 


CHARLES    LANMAN, 

Author  of  "DlCTIONABY   OF   CONGBESS,"  "PRIVATE  LIFE  OF  DANIEL  WEBSTEB, "  "LEADING  MEN  OF 

JAPAN,"  Etc.,  Etc. 


SECOND     EDITION. 


BEVISED,  ENLARGED  AND  COMPLETED  TO  DATE, 


JOSEPH    M.    MORRISON. 


NEW  YORK: 
J.  M.  MOERISON,  PUBLISHES. 

1887. 


Entered  Mocordini?  to   \ct  of  Congress,  in  trip  year  18*6,  by 

CHARLES  LANMAN  AND  J.  M.  MORRISON, 
l-i  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  VV  u.shingtoi . 


riTited  and  Bound  by 
Herald  Prlnttng  and  Publishing  Co..  T 
Erie,  Pa. 


e/5 

K 

a; 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  success  which  attended  the  publication  of  my  Dictionary  of  Congress  has 
induced  me  to  enlarge  upon  the  scope  and  design  of  that  work,  so  as  to  embrace 
the  entire  Civil  Government  of  the  United  States  during  the  first  century  of  its 
existence.  In  doing  this  I  have  endeavored  to  present,  within  a  convenient  space,  and 
iu  biographical  form,  the  names  and  public  services  of  all  those  who  have,  in  a  promi 
nent  manner,  been  identified  with  the  National  and  State  Governments  of  the 
Republic. 

The  Biographical  Sketches  number  about  seven  thousand,  and  these  I  have  illus 
trated  with  a  series  of  Tabular  Records  and  Papers  of  an  historical  character,  in 
which  will  be  found  eight  thousand  additional  names,  making  a  total  of  fifteen  thousand 
personal  references  in  the  volume. 

The  classes  of  persons  included  are  the  Delegates  to  the  Colonial  and  Continental 
Congresses ;  the  Senators,  Representatives,  and  Territorial  Delegates  of  the  Federal  Con 
gress  ;  Cabinet  Ministers  ;  Justices  of  the  Supreme  and  other  Federal  Courts ;  Officials 
of  the  Executive  Departments ;  Governors  of  States  and  Territories;  Diplomatic  Ministers, 
and  such  other  men  as  have  held  positions  of  honor  and  trust  iu  the  civil  service, 
exerted  an  influence  on  public  affairs,  or  acquitted  themselves  with  acknowledged  credit. 
Indeed,  in  a  few  instances,  I  have  over-stepped  the  line  which  separates  the  civil  from 
the  military  and  naval  history,  but  all  the  names  thus  added  have  a  place  in  the 
hearts  of  their  countrymen,  and  no  apology,  I  trust,  will  be  required  for  their  intro 
duction. 

My  purpose  has  been  to  give,  in  the  most  concise  and  impartial  manner,  a  practical 
and  comprehensive  idea  of  the  working  of  our  Government,  as  exhibited  through  its 
personal  representatives  at  home  and  abroad.  Of  many  men  more  might  have  been 
written,  but  that  was  not  deemed  expedient  in  a  work  of  this  kind  ;  and  where  not 

268403 


IV 

enough  has  been  said  the  fault  must  be  attributed  to  the  indifference  of  the  persons 
mostly  interested,  or  to  the  neglect  of  their  friends ;  and  I  have  made  it  a  point  to 
«xpress  no  opinions  of  living  men,  and  but  seldom  to  echo  public  opinion  in  regard  to 
the  dead. 

'  The  information  here  presented  has  been  obtained  chiefly  from  original  sources, 
and  from  the  archives  of  the  Government ;  while,  for  many  of  my  facts  and  dates.  I 
have  availed  myself  of  other  opportunities,  and  am  especially  indebted  to  the  publica 
tions  connected  with  the  names  of  John  L.  Blake,  S.  Austin  Allibone,  George  Ripley^ 
Francis  S.  Drake  Joseph  Thomas,  and  Frederick  A.  P.  Barnard ;  and  I  cannot  but 
hope  that  these  records  will  be  found  so  correct  and  conveniently  arranged  as  to  render 
the  volume  indispensable,  as  one  of  reference,  for  all  those  who  feel  an  interest  in  the 
political  annals  and  future  welfare  of  our  country. 
GEORGETOWN,  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA, 

January,  1876.  CHARLES  LANMAN. 


PREFA0E  TO  REVISED  EDITION. 


THE  enviable  reputation  of  Mr.  Lanman  as  an  author,  and  the  universal  recognition 
of  his  "Biographical  Annals"  as  an  authoritative  book  of  reference,  caused  me  to  delib 
erate  long  before  yielding  to  the  persuasions  of  the  author  and  attempting  the  continua 
tion  of  this  work. 

Once  launched  upon  the  sea  with  which  my  predecessor  had  battled  so  success 
fully,  I  was  almost  overcome  by  the  seemingly  innumerable  and  insurmountable  obstacles 
which  constantly  appeared  in  my  pathway  and  was  often  tempted  to  lay  down  my 
pen  and  leave  the  work  to  some  one  more  courageous,  and  more  experienced  than 
myself.  The  success  which  attended  the  much  more  laborious  efforts  of  Mr.  Lanman, 
however,  encouraged  me  to  struggle  on  to  the  end,  and  the  results  of  my  trials  and 
feeble  abilities  are  hereto  appended  in  the  form  of  a  second  edition  of  Mr.  Lanman's 
great  work.  I  have  made  some  additions  in  the  way  of  embellishment  in  the  hope 
that  they  may  add  interest  to  the  book. 

If  the  hundreds  of  persons  to  whom  I  found  it  necessary  to  send  numerous 
appeals  for  data  before  receiving  any  response,  and  the  large  number  who  treated  all 
my  requests  with  silence,  had  appreciated  the  absolute  necessity  of  co-operation  in  the 
preparation  of  historical  works  of  this  kind,  my  labors  would  have  been  very  materially 

j 

lessened  and  their   results   more    complete   and  satisfactory. 

To  those  who  aided  me  by  preparing,  and  sending  to  me,  such  data  as  I  required, 
and  to  others  who  aided  me  collaterally,  especially  Mr.  Sevellon  A.  Brown,  Chief  Clerk 
of  the  Department  of  State,  and  Hon  John  B.  Clark,  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives,  I  desire  to  make  most  cordial  acknowledgements. 

I  was  compelled  to  trust  the  reading  of  the  proofs  to  others,  but,  as  the  entire 
work  passed  through  three  separate  comparisons,  I  believe  I  am  warranted  in  assuming 
that,  while  absolute  perfection  is  impossible,  but  few  errors  will  be  found  in  the  book. 

Trusting  that  my  efforts  have  accomplished  at  least  a  fair  measure  of  success,  I 
subscribe  myself,  The  Public's  most  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH  M.  MORRISON. 


IV 


enough  has  been  said  the  fault  must  be  attributed  to  the  indifference  of  the  persona 
mostly  interested,  or  to  the  neglect  of  their  friends ;  and  I  have  made  it  a  "point  to 
«xpress  no  opinions  of  living  men,  and  but  seldom  to  echo  public  opinion  in  regard  to 
the  dead. 

1  The  information  here  presented  has  been  obtained  chiefly  from  original  sources, 
and  from  the  archives  of  the  Government ;  while,  for  many  of  my  facts  and  dates,  I 
have  availed  myself  of  other  opportunities,  and  am  especially  indebted  to  the  publica 
tions  connected  with  the  names  of  John  L.  Blake,  S.  Austin  Allibone,  George  Ripley^ 
Francis  S.  Drake  Joseph  Thomas,  and  Frederick  A.  P.  Barnard ;  and  I  cannot  but 
hope  that  these  records  will  be  found  so  correct  and  conveniently  arranged  as  to  render 
the  volume  indispensable,  as  one  of  reference,  for  all  those  who  feel  an  interest  in  the 
political  annals  and  future  welfare  of  our  country. 
GEORGETOWN,  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA, 

January,  187b.  CHARLES  LANMAN. 


PREFASE  TO  REVISED  EDITION. 


THE  enviable  reputation  of   Mr.  Lanman  as  an  author,  and  the  universal  recognition 
of  his  " Biographical  Annals"  as  an  authoritative   book  of  reference,  caused  me  to  delib 
erate  long  before  yielding  to  the  persuasions  of   the  author  and  attempting  the  continua 
tion   of   this   work. 

Once  launched  upon  the  sea  with  which  my  predecessor  had  battled  so  success 
fully,  I  was  almost  overcome  by  the  seemingly  innumerable  and  insurmountable  obstacles 
which  constantly  appeared  in  my  pathway  and  was  often  tempted  to  lay  down  my 
pen  and  leave  the  work  to  some  one  more  courageous,  and  more  experienced  than 
myself.  The  success  which  attended  the  much  more  laborious  efforts  of  Mr.  Lanman, 
however,  encouraged  me  to  struggle  on  to  the  end,  and  the  results  of  my  trials  and 
feeble  abilities  are  hereto  appended  in  the  form  of  a  second  edition  of  Mr.  Lanman's 
great  work.  I  have  made  some  additions  in  the  way  of  embellishment  in  the  hope 
that  they  may  add  interest  to  the  book. 

If  the  hundreds  of  persons  to  whom  I  found  it  necessary  to  send  numerous 
appeals  for  data  before  receiving  any  response,  and  the  large  number  who  treated  all 
my  requests  with  silence,  had  appreciated  the  absolute  necessity  of  co-operation  in  the 
preparation  of  historical  works  of  this  kind,  my  labors  would  have  been  very  materially 
lessened  and  their  results  more  complete  and  satisfactory. 

To  those  who  aided  me  by  preparing,  and  sending  to  me,  such  data  as  I  required, 
and  to  others  who  aided  me  collaterally,  especially  Mr.  Sevellon  A.  Brown,  Chief  Clerk 
of  the  Department  of  State,  and  Hon  John  B.  Clark,  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives,  I  desire  to  make  most  cordial  acknowledgements. 

I  was  compelled  to  trust  the  reading  of  the  proofs  to  others,  but,  as  the  entire 
work  passed  through  three  separate  comparisons,  I  believe  I  am  warranted  in  assuming 
that,  while  absolute  perfection  is  impossible,  but  few  errors  will  be  found  in  the  book. 

Trusting  that  my  efforts  have  accomplished  at  least  a  fair  measure-  of  success,  I 
subscribe  myself,  The  Public's  most  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH  M.  MORRISON. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Opposite 
Page. 

Adams,  John 

Adams,  John  Quincy 

Agricultural  Department  Building,  Washington 

Arthur,  Chester  Allan 14 

Buchanan,  James 66 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  Building,  Washington 368 

Cleveland,  Grover 100 

Executive  Mansion  (North  front),  Washington 32 

«  "         (South  front),  Washington 32 

Fillmore,  Millard 169 

Garfield,  James  Abram 186 

Grant,  Ulysses  8 199 

Harrison,  William  Henry 221 

Hayes,  Rutherford  B 227 

Interior  Department  Building  (Patent  Office),  Washington 144 

Jackson,  Andrew 260 

Jefferson,  Thomas 263 

Johnson.  Andrew 266 

Lincoln,  Abraham 301 

Madison,  James 314 

Manor  House  (The  Home  of  Washington),  Mt.  Vernon 416 

Monroe,  James 348 

National  Museum  Building,  Washington 464 

Pension  Bureau  Building,  Washington 416 

Pierce,  Franklin 893 

Polk,  James  K ". 399 

Post  Office  Department  Building,  Washington  144 

Smithsonian  Institution  Building,  Washington 464 

State,  War  and  Navy  Departments  Building,  Washington 112 

Taylor,  Zachary . . : 492 

The  Capitol  Building (Frontispiece)  Title 

Treasury  Department  Building,  Washington 112 

Tyler,  John 510 

Van  Buren,  Martin 513 

Washington,  George 529 

Washington  Monument,  Washington 5gg 


CONTENTS. 


Page 

Biographical  Annals 1  to  568 

APPENDIX. 

Alphabetical  Lists  of  Senators  and  Representatives  in  each  Congress xxiii-lxvii 

Amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States xvi-xix 

Area  of  the  United  States viii 

Articles  of  Confederation vii 

Cabinet  Ministers Ixx  vii-lxxix 

Clerks  of  the  House  of  Representatives Ixxvii 

Colonial  Governors  of  America xciv 

Constitution  of  the  United  States xi-xv 

Declaration  of  Independence i 

Delegates  to  the  Colonial  Congress i 

Delegates  to  the  Continental  Congress viii 

Diplomatic  Agents  of  the  United  States Ixxxvi 

District  of  Columbia cvii 

Executive  Officers  of  the  Civil  Service Ixxix 

Judges  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Courts : Ixxxiv 

Judges  of  the  United  States  District  Courts Ixxxiv 

Judges  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court Ixxxiii 

Judges  of  the  United  States  Territorial  Courts Ixxxv 

Letter  of  the  Convention  to  the  old  Congress xvi 

Origin  of  the  Names  of  States cvii 

Pay  Table  of  the  Leading  Civil  Officers Ixxxiii 

Presidents  of  the  Continental  Congress viii 

Presidents  of  the  United  States Ixxvii 

Presidents  of  the  United  States  Senate , xxi 

Presidents  pro  tern,  of  the  United  States  Senate xxii 

Proceediags  in  the  Old  Congress xvi 

Proceedings  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution xv 

Secretaries  of  the  United  States  Senate Ixxvii 

Sessions  of  the  Continental  Congress viii 

Sessions  of  the  Federal  Congress xxi 

Settlement  of  the  States  and  Territories civ 

Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence iv 

Speakers  of  the  House  of  Representatives xxii 

State  and  Territorial  Governors  of  the  United  States xciv 

State  Ratifications  of  the  Constitution xvi 


FOR   COMPLETE   SKETCHES 

of  the   following  persons— received   too   late   for   classification— see  page*  566,  567  and  568. 

BISHOP,  EICHARD  M. 
CHENEY,  PERSON  COLBY. 
CHURCH,  LOUIS  KOSSUTH. 
HAWKINS,  ALVIN. 
JACKSON,  JOHN  J. 
JAMES,  CHARLES  P. 
KINKEAD,  JOHN  H. 
LKDUC,  WILLIAM  G. 
PUTNAM,  JAMES  O. 
RICHMOND,  LEWIS. 
ROBERTS,  ORAN  MILO. 
RUBLEE,  HORACE. 
SEAT    WILLIAM  A. 
STEARNS,  MARCELLUS  L. 
VANCE,  ROBERT  B. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ANNALS. 


Abbett,  Leon ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  October  8,  1836;  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  city,  graduating  from  the  Philadel 
phia  High  School  in  1853;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law,  in 
Philadelphia,  in  1857;  in  1862,  settled  at  Hoboken, 
New  Jersey,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1803, 
was  appointed  Corporation  Attorney  of  Hoboken;  in 
1864,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  New  Jersey 
Legislature;  was  re-elected  in  1865;  was  again  elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1868,  and  was  chosen  Speaker 
of  the  House;  was  re-elected  to  both  positions  in 
186(J;  was.  during  the  same  period,  Corporation  Coun 
sel  for  Bayonne  City  and  the  Town  of  Union;  in  1872 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tion:  in  1874  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in,  1876 
became  Corporation  Counsel  of  Jersey  City,  New  Jer 
sey,  to  which  place  he  had  removed  in  1866;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  in 
!**(!,  and  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  New  Jersey 
Delegation ;  in  1877  was  elected  President  of  the  State 
Senate;  in  1883  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
for  the  term  of  three  years;  in  1884  was  Chairman  of 
the  New  Jersey  Delegation  in  the  Democratic  Na 
tional  Convention. 

Abbot  Joel ;  was  born  in  Fairfield,  Connecti 
cut,  emigrated  to  Georgia  ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Wilkes  County,  in  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1825,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce  and  the  Slave  Trade.  Died 
November  1U,  1826. 

Abbott  Amos  ;  was  born  in  Andover,  Massachu- 
seits.  September  ID,  1786  ;  was  educated  at  a  district 
school,  but  spent  the  most  of  his  life  as  a  trader  and 
merchant.  During  the  years  1835,  1836,  and  1842, 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  ;  from  1840  to  1842  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate;  represented  his  native  State  in  Congress  from 
1813  to  1849;  opposed  the  war  with  Mexico,  but 
voted  for  supplies.  Died  at  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
November  2,  1868. 

Abbott,  John  C. ;  was  born  in  Concord,  New 
Hampshire,  July  15,  1825;  received  an  academic- 
education;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1852; 
from  1852  to  1857  owned  and  conducted  the  3/rtw- 
i-hexter  Guardian  ;  was  Quarter-Master  General  of 
Militia  from  1855  to  1861 ;  from  1859  to  1861  was  one 
of  the  owners  of  the  Boston  Atlas  and  Bee;  in  1861 
raised  a  regiment  of  troops  for  the  war,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1863  was  made  Col 
onel;  in  1865  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General  "for 
gallant  services  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Fisher  ;"  soon 
after  settled  in  North  Carolina,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1867;  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  early  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  in  1868,  for  the  term  ending  in  1871,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures,  Military 
Affairs,  the  Pacilic  Railway,  and  Enrolled  Bills. 

Abbott,  Josiah  Gr. ;  was  born  at  Chelmsford, 
Massachusetts,  November  1, 1815;  received  a  classical 


education,  graduating  from  Harvard  University  in 
1832;  studied  law  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835, 
and  engaged  in  practice;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1836,  a  State  Senator  in  1841  and 
1842;  was  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  in  1855;  suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  of  Rufus  S.  Frost  as  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress,  and  took  his  seat  July  28,  1876. 

Abbott,  Nehemiah ;  was  born  at  Sidney,  Maine, 
March  29,  1806;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the 
Maine  Legislature,  in  1842  and  1843;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  • 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Abercrombie,  James ;  was  born  in  Georgia, 
and,  removing  to  Alabama,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

Acheson,  Marcus  W.;  Avas  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  received  a  collegiate  education;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  settled  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in 
January,  1880,  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Pennsylvania,  re 
siding  at  Washington,  in  that  state. 

Acker,  Ephraim  L.;  was  born  in  Marlborough 
township,  Pennsylvania,  January  11,  1827;  was  edu 
cated  in  common  schools,  and  graduated  at  Marshall 
College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1847;  taught  school  two 
years;  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1852;  was  editor  and  publisher  of 
The  NorrMown,  Register;  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools  for  Montgomery  County  from  1854  to  1860; 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Norristown  in  1860,  and 
removed  after  serving  about  eleven  months;  was  In 
spector  of  Montgomery  County  prison  three  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Militia 
Committee. 

Ackerman,  Amos  T.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1819:  received  a  good  education;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1841;  in  1850  removed  to 
Georgia  and  settled  in  Elberton,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession;  in  1866  was  appointed  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  District  of  Georgia,  and  remained  in 
office  until  1870;  in  that  year  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  1872. 

Acklen,  Joseph  Hayes;  was  born  at  Nash 
ville,  Tennessee,  May  20,  1850;  was  educated  partly 
by  a  private  tutor,  partly  at  Burlington  College,  and 
finally  graduated,  successively,  at  two  foreign  Uni 
versities;  graduated  in  the  law  at  Cumberland  Uni- , 
versity,  Tennessee,  and  commenced  practice  at  Nash 
ville;  removed  to  Memphis;  afterwards  abandoned 
his  profession  and  became  a  sugar  planter  in  Louis 
iana;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth 
Congress. 


B  I  O  G  R  A  T  H  I C  A  L     A  K  N  A  L 


Adair,  John  ;  was  born  in  Chester  County,  South 
Carolina,  in  1758;  emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1787; 
served  as  a  Major  in  the  border  warfare  of  the  time; 
•was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  serving  one 
year  as  Speaker;  in  1799  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  State  Constitution;  subse 
quently  held  the  office  of  Register  of  the  Land  Office 
in  Kentucky;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  Kentucky,  during  the  years  1805  and  1800; 
conrnianded  the  Kentucky  troops  at  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans,  under  General  Jackson,  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  General  in  the  army;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1831 
to  1833,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs.  Died  at  Harrodsburg,  May  19,  1840. 

Adams,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Stratford,  Con 
necticut,  in  January,  1730;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1700;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
settled  in  the  practice  at  Litchfleld  in  17(J4;  from  1777 
to  1782  was  a  delegate  from  Connecticut  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Articles  of  Confederation;  in  1789  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut,  and  in 
1793  Chief  Justice  of  said  court.  He  received  from 
Yale  College  the  degree  of  LL.D.;  died  November  26, 
1799. 

Adams,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  at  "Worcester,  Mas 
sachusetts;,  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  as  Rep 
resentative,  from  1809  to  1814,  and  as  Senator,  in  1814 
and  1815,  and  from  1822  to  1825;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  his  native  State,  from  1810  to 
1821,  having  first  been  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  E.  Brigham,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and 
Public  Expenditures;  died  at  Uxbridge,  Massachu 
setts,  in  April,  1837. 

Adams,  Charles  ;  was  a  resident  of  Colorado;  in 
1880  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Bolivia. 

Adams,  Charles  F. ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Au 
gust  18,  1807;  spent  the  most  of  his  boyhood  in  St. 
Petersburg  and  London,  whilst  hisfather,  JohnQuincy 
Adams,  was  Minister  to  Russia  and  England;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1825;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828;  served  three  years 
in  the  Lower  House,  and  two  years  in  the  Upper 
House  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  in  1848  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Buffalo  Convention,  and  elected 
President;  was  the  candidate  for  Vice-President  on 
the  ticket  with  Mr.  Van  Buren;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
.Manufactures,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Special  Com- 
mittiv  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious  States.  He 
was  at  one  time  the  editor  of  a  paper  called  the  lloxton 
\\'/iii/;  was  a  contributor  to  the  North  American  lim'cir, 
and  the  editor  of  the  well-known  Adams  Letters;  was 
the  author  of  the  standard  Biography  of  his  grand 
father,  John  Adams.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  but  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln 
Minister  to  England,  in  1H01.  In  1804  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  University ; 
and  in  18(i9  he  became  an  overseer  of  that  institution. 

Adams,  C.  H.  ;  was  born  in  Coxsackie,  Greene 
County.  New  York,  in  1824;  studied  law  and  prac 
ticed  until  1850,  when  he  engaged  in  manufacturing 
at  •  Cohoes,  New  York;  served  as  Trustee  and  Presi 
dent  of  the  Water  Board  in  that  place  before  it  was 
made  a  city.  In  1851  served  as  Aid  to  the  Governor. 
In  1857  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly;  was 
State  Senator  in  1872  and  1873;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  National  Convention  in  1872;  was,  for  a 


long  time,  President  of  the  National  Bank  of  Cohoes, 
and  was  the  first  Mayor  of  the  city ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Adams,  George;  was  a  citizen  of  Mississippi; 
was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District 
embracing  that  State;  resided  at  Natchez. 

Adams,  George  Everett ;  was  born  at  Keene, 
New  Hampshire,  June  18,  1840  ;  removed  to  Chicago, 
Illinois,  in  1853  ;  graduated  from  Harvard  University 
in  1800  ;  studied  law  at  Dane  Law  School  ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1865,  and  engaged  in  practice  at 
Chicago  ;  in  1880  was  elected  a  State  Senator  lor  a 
term  of  five  years  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  and  resigned 
the  Senatorship  March  3,  1883  ;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Adams,  George  M.;  was  born  in  Knox  County, 
Kentucky,  December  20,  1837  ;  was  educated  at 
Centre  College;  studied  law;  was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Knox  County  from  1859  to  1801  ;  subse 
quently  served  for  a  few  months  as  a  Captain  in  the 
Union  Army  ;  was  an  additional  Paymaster  of  Vol 
unteers  from  1801  to  1805;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Kentucky  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Militia  and  Freedmen's 
Affairs.  Re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs; 
in  1875  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Adams,  Green;  was  born  in  Barboursville,  Knox 
County,  Kentucky,  August  20,  1*12;  was  bred  a 
farmer;  read  law  and  adopted  that  profession;  in 
1832  and  1833  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Knox  County; 
in  1839  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
re-elected;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Kentucky,  from  1847  to  1849,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Engraving;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1*44  and  185(5,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1856.  In  1859  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  In  1801  was  appointed 
by  President  Lincoln.  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury;  was  Disbursing  Clerk  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  at  Washington,  from  1875  to  18S1; 
died  January  18,  1884. 

Adams,  James  Hopkins;  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  about  1811;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1831 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  and  Senate  of 
South  Carolina;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from 
1855  to  1857.  After  the  secession  of  South  Carolina 
from  the  Union  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  ap 
pointed  to  confer  with  the  President  concerning 
United  States  property  in  South  Carolina;  died  near 
Columbia,  South  Carolina,  July  27,  1801. 

Adams,  Jewett  W.;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Nevada  for  the  term  of  four  years  from  January,  18S3. 

Adams,  John;  was  born  at  Braintree,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  30,  1735;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1755;  instructed  a  class  of  scholars  in 
Latin  and  Greek  for  a  subsistence;  studied  law,  and 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  settled  at  Quincy 
to  practice  his  profession.  As  a  member  of  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  from  1774  to  1777,  was  among  the 
foremost  in  recommending  an  independent  Govern 
ment;  in  1777  was  chosen  Commissioner  to  the  Court 
of  Versailles.  On  his  return  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Convention  called  to  prepare  a  form  of  govern 
ment  for  Massachusetts.  In  September,  1779,  was 


P 

H 


• . 


sp^w 


BIOGKAPH1CA  I.     A  .N  N  A  L  S  . 


3 


appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  negotiate  a 
peace,  and  had  authority  to  form  a  commercial  treaty 
with  Great  Britain.  In  June,  1780,  was  appointed 
Ambassador  to  Holland;  in  1782,  went  to  Paris  to 
engage  in  the  negotiation  for  peace,  having  previously 
obtained  assurance  that  Great  Britain  would  recog 
nize  the  independence  of  the  United  States.  After 
serving  on  two  or  three  commissions  to  form  treaties 
of  amity  and  commerce  with  foreign  powers,  in  17H5 
was  appointed  first  Minister  to  London;  and,  in  1788, 
having  been  absent  nine  years,  returned  to  America. 
In  March,  17H9.  the  new  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  went  into  operation,  and  he  became  the  first 
Yice-President,  which  office  he  held  during  the  whole 
of  Washington's  administration.  On  the  retirernent 
of  Washington  he  became,  March  4,  1797,  President 
of  the  United  States.  This  was  the  termination  of 
his  public  functions,  and  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his  days  upon  his  farm  in  Quincy.  Died  on  the 
Fourth  of  July,  1826,  with  the  same  words  on  his 
lips  which,  fifty  years  before,  on  that  day,  he  had 
uttered  on  the  floor  of  Congress:  "  Independence  for 
ever!"  His  principal  publications  were,  "  Letters  on 
the  American  Revolution,"  ''Defense  of  the  Ameri 
can  Constitutions,"  an  "  Essay  on  Canon  and  Feudal 
Law,"  a  series  of  letters  under  the  signature  of  No- 
vanglus,  and  "Discourses  on  Davila."  It  was  as 
Yice-President  that  he  had  a  seat  in  the  Senate.  In 
ls5(>  his  life  and  writings  were  published,  in  ten  vol 
umes,  edited  by  his  grandson,  C.  F.  Adams. 

Adams,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Greene  County.  New  York,  from  1833  to  1835, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen-  j 
sions.     Died  at  Catskill,  New  York,  September  28, 
1854. 

Adams,  John  J. ;  was  born  in  the  Province  of 
New  Brunswick  (now  Dominion  of  Canada),  Septem 
ber  l(i,  1S4>-!:.  attended  the  ordinary  country  schools 
(there  were  no  free  schools  iivthe  Province  at  that  | 
time)  until  about  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  removed 
to  New  York  city;    entered  the  employ  of  Messrs.  J 
II.  B.  Claflin  ^  Co.,  dry -goods  merchants,  where  he  I 
remained  until  H74  :  entered  Columbia  Law  College  ; 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1*7<>  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  that  year  and  commenced  practice  in  New 
York  city  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  :  was  re-elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Adams,  John  Quincy;  was  born  in  Brain-  I 
tree  (now  Quincy.)  Massachusetts.  July  11,  1767. 
"When  ten  years  of  age.  accompanied  his  father  to 
France  :  anil  when  fifteen,  was  Private  Secretary  to 
the  American  Minister  in  Russia  ;  graduate;!  at 
Harvard  University  in  1787  ;  studied  law  in  New- 
buryport,  and  settled  in  Boston.  From  1794  to  1801 
was  American  Minister  to  Holland.  Kngland,  Sweden 
and  Prussia  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  lso:j  to 
isos  :  professor  of  Rhetoric  in  Harvard  University, 
with  limited  duties,  from  180(1  to  180*  ;  in  1809  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Russia  :  assisted  in  negotiating 
the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  in  1814  ;'  assisted,  also,  as  Min 
ister,  at  the  Convention  of  Commerce  with  Great 
Britain,  in  1*15  ;  was  Secretary  of  State  under  Presi 
dent  Monroe  ;  was  chosen  President  of  the  United 
States  in  182f>,  serving  one  term.  In  1831  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  continued 
in  that  position  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
the  Speaker's  room,  two  days  after  falling  from  his 
seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives.  February  2.3, 
3*48.  His  last  words  were:  "This  is  the  end  of 
earth;  I  am  content.''  He  was  Chairman  of  several 
of  the  most  important  committees,  and  always  a 
work  ing,  member  of  the  House.  He  published  "Let 


ters  on  Silesia,"  "Lectures  on  Rhetoric  and  Or 
atory,"  and  various  "Poems,"  besides  many  oc 
casional  letters  and  speeches.  His  unpublished  writ 
ings,  it  is  said,  would  make  many  volumes.  An 
elaborate  history  of  his  life  was  published  in  1875, 
edited  by  his  son,  Charles  Francis  Adams.  Com 
plete  works  in  pretss. 

Adams,  Parmenio;  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Batavia,  Genesee  County,  New  Y'ork.  from  1823  to 
1827. 

Adams,  Robert  H.;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  by  appointment,  from  January  to 
May,  in  1830;  died  at  Natchez,  on  the  second  day  of 
July  following. 

Adams,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  27,  1722;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1740;  studied  for  the  ministry;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1743;  was  one  of  the 
first  who  organized  measures  of  resistance  to  the 
mother  country,  and  drew  up  the  instructions  of  the 
town  of  Boston  against  taxation  in  1764 ;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  1765;  was  chosen  Clerk  and 
served  in  that  body  for  ten  years,  and,  it  is  said,  he 
suggested  the  Congress  that  assembled  at  New  York 
in  1765,  and  the  non-importation  agYeement  of  1769; 
addressed  a  public  meeting  the  day  after  the  Boston 
massacre,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  to  de 
mand  the  removal  of  the  troops.  In  1772  organized 
the  Committee  of  Correspondence,  which  was  first 
adopted  by  Massachusetts,  and  followed  by  all  the 
provinces;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  ;  was  one  of  those  who  matured  the  plan  of 
the  Continental  Congress,  and  was  Delegate  from 
Massachusetts  from  1774  to  1782 ;  signed  the  Articles 
of  Confederation  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
vention  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
made  some  amendments  to  that  instrument  ;  on  the 
adoption  of  the  State  Constitution,  was  made  Presi 
dent  of  the  Senate  ;  was  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  from  1789  to  1794,  and  Governor  from 
1794  to  1797  ;  died  in  Boston,  October  2,  1803. 

Adams,  Samuel ;  was  acting  Governor  of  Ar 
kansas  in  1844. 

Adams,  Stephen;  was  a  native  of  Franklin 
County,  Tennessee  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
that  State.  Removing  to  Mississippi,  took  an  active 
part  in  public  a  flairs  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  184f> 
to  1847  ;  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and 
from  1852  to  1857  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Mississippi,  serving  on  several  committees  ;  removed 
to  Tennessee,  with  the  intention  of  practicing  law  at 
Memphis,  where  he  died  of  small-pox,  May  11, 
1857. 

Adams,  Thomas;  was  a  Delegate  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1778  to  1780, 
and  signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

Addams,  William;  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  Auditor  of  Berks  County, 
Pennsylvania, 'in  1*13  and  1814;  C;  -vmissioner  of 
the  County  from  1*14  to  1817;  member  of  the  State  Leg 
islature  from  1822  to  1824;  was  a  Representative  m 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1829;  As 
sociate  Judge  of  Berks  County  from  1839  to  1842. 
Died  in  the  spring  of  1858,  aged  eighty-two  years. 

Adee,  Alvey  A.;  was  born  at  Astoria,  New 
York,  November  27,  1842  ;  was  educated  by  private 
tutors:  studied  civil  engineering;  was  Secretary  of 
the  American  Legation  at  Madrid,  Spain,  from  1870 


BIOGRAPHICAL     A  N  N  A  L  S . 


to  1877,  several  times  acting  as  Charge  (V Affairs;  in 
1877  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  State,  at 
Washington ;  in  1878  became  Chief  of  the  Diplomatic 
Division  of  that  Department;  in  July,  1882,  was  ap 
pointed  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 

Adgate,  Asa  ;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Leg 
islature  of  New  York  from  Clinton  County,  from  1798 
to  1799;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Es 
sex  County,  in  that  State,  from  1815  to  1817;  was 
again' a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1823. 

Adrain,  Garnett  B.;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  December  20,  1816;  graduated  at  Rutgers 
College,  New  Jersey,  in  1833;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837;  was  a  Representative 
from  New  Jersey  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Engraving;  was 
also  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Engraving. 
In  January,  1861,  he  offered  the  resolutkm  of  thanks 
to  Major  Robert  Anderson  for  his  defense  of  Fort 
Sumter.  After  leaving  Congress  he  practiced  his 
profession. 

Ahl,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Strasburg,  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  August,  1815 ;  received  a 
good  English  education ;  studied  medicine  with  his 
father  and  graduated  at  the  ' '  Washington  Medical 
College"  of  Baltimore;  abandoned  his  profession  in 
1850,  and  turned  his  attention  to  various  kinds  of 
manufactures ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Aiken  D.  Wyatt;  was  born  at  Winnsboro, 
South  Carolina,  March  17,  1828 ;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1849 ;  taught  school  for 
two  years ;  engaged  in  farming ;  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army,  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  from 
1861  until  disabled  by  wounds ;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1864,  and  again 
in  1866  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  of  1876 ;  was  elected  a  Representati  ve 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Aikin,  William ;  was  horn  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  in  1806;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1825;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1838,  1840,  and  1842;  was  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  in  1844;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1851  to  1857.  He  was  considered 
one  of  the  most  successful  rice-planters  in  his  native 
State,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  State 
who  did  not  take  part  in  the  Rebellion.  Noted  for 
his  liberality,  benevolence,  and  culture  as  a  scholar. 

Ainslie,  George  ;  was  born  in  Cooper  County, 
Missouri,  October  30,  1838  ;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  attended  St.  Louis  University  two 
years  ;  studied  law  ;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1860,  and  removed  to  Colorado  ;  in  1862  settled  in 
that  portion  of  Washington  Territory  which  now 
constitutes  the  Territory  of  Idaho  ;  served  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  and  was  President  of  the 
Council  during  one  session  ;  was  editor  of  a  news 
paper  from  1869  to  1873  ;  was  elected  District  Attor 
ney  in  1874  and  re-elected  in  1876  ;  was  elected  a 
delegate  from  Idaho  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Ainsworth,  Lucien  Lester ;  was  born  in  New 
Woodstock,  New  York,  June  21,  1831  ;  educated  at 
the  common  schools  and  at  the  Oneida  Conference 


Seminary,  New  York  ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1854  ;  in  1855  removed  to  West  Union, 
Iowa  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Lower  House  and  Senate 
of  the  State  for  several  years  ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Akers,  Thomas  Peter  ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  G.  Miller,  and  served 
one  session. 

Albert,  "William  J.;  was  born  at  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  August  4,  1816  ;  educated  at  St.  Mary's 
College  ;  was  bred  a  merchant  ;  retired  from  business 
in  1856  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864  ;  was 
subsequently  interested  in  banking  and  manufac 
tures  ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Albertson,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Virginia  ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the 
First  Congressional  District  of  Indiana,  from  184!)  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands. 

Albright,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Berks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  December  13,  1830  ;  educated  at  Dick 
inson  College  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1852  ;  in  1854  visited  Kansas,  and  in  1856  returned 
to  Pennsylvania  ;  in  1860  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Re 
publican  National  Convention  ;  entered  the  Army 
in  1862  ;  was  commissioned  Colonel,  commanding 
the  Third  Brigade,  at  Chancellorsville  ;  was  placed 
in  command  of  Camp  Muhlenburg.  Pennsylvania,  to 
organize  troops  ;  in  July  was  sent  to  Philadelphia  to 
assist  in  the  draft  ;  in  September,  1864.  was  assigned 
to  an  independent  command  to  protect  Railroads  and 
the  outer  defenses  of  Washington  ;  in  March,  1865, 
was  promoted  to  brevet  Brigadier-General  of  Volun 
teers  ;  after  the  war  was  sent  to  the  cornmand  of  the 
Lehigh  military  distwct,  to  pacify  tumults  in  the 
mining  regions  ;  in  1865  was  mustered  out  of  service  ; 
in  1872,  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  at  Philadelphia ;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  ,the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs. 

Albright,  Charles  J.  ;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  elected,  from  the  State  of  Ohio,  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Alcorn,  James  Lusk  ;  was  born  November  4r 
1816,  near  Golconda,  Illinois  ;  settled  in  Kentucky  ; 
was  educated  at  Cumberland  College;  was  appointed 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  Livingston  County,  and  held  the 
office  for  five  years  ;  in  1843  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  ;  removed  in  1844  to  Mississippi;  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law  ;  served  sixteen  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  in  the  House  and  Senate  ; 
in  1852  Avas  chosen  Elector  ;  was  nominated  for  Gov 
ernor  in  1857,  but  declined;  was  founder  of  the  Levee 
System  in  his  State;  in  1858  was  chosen  President  of 
the  Levee  Board  of  the  Mississippi-Yazoo  Delta  ;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Convention  of  1851,  and  again  to 
that  of  1861,  the  latter  body  electing  him  a  Brigadier- 
General  ;  in  1865  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  but  not  allowed  to  take  his  seat ;  in  1869  was 
elected  Governor  of  Mississippi;  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  in  1871,  for  six  years, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and  Mining, 
Revision  of  Laws,  Naval  Affairs,  and  Levees  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Aldrich,  Cyrus ;  was  born  in  Smithfield,  Rhode 
Island,  in  June,  1808 ;  received  a  common-school 
education  ;  followed  the  various  occupations  of  a 


r 


B  1  O  G  K  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     A  N  N  A  L  S  . 


sailor,  u  boatman,  a  farmer,  a  contractor  on  public 
•works,  and  a  mail  contractor;  was  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  Legislature;  also  a  Register  of  Deeds  and 
Register  of  the  Land  Office,  at  Dixon,  in  that  State, 
for  four  years  ;  having  removed  to  Minnesota,  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  that 
State;  member  of  the  County  Board  of  Hennepin 
County,  in  that  State  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Minnesota  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  After 
leaving  Congress  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  a  Commissioner  to  settle  claims  against  the 
Sioux  Indians.  In  February,  1867,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  Postmaster  at  Minneapolis, 
Minnesota. 

Aldrich,  Nelson  "W. ;  was  born  at  Foster,  Rhode 
Island,  November  6,  1841  ;  received  an  academic 
education  ;  engaged  in  meicvntile  pursuits  ;  was 
President  of  the  Common  Council  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1872  and  1873  ;  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1875  and  1876, 
serving  as  Speaker  during  the  latter  year;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  resigned  in  1881 
to  take  his  seat  as  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1881. 

Aldrich,  "William  ;  was  born  at  Greenfield,  New 
York,  in  January,  18:20  ;  was  reared  on  a  farm  ;  re 
ceived  a  good  education  ;  taught  school  for  a  time  ; 
in  1846'  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  ;  in  1851  re 
moved  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in  merchandising 
and  manufacturing  ;  was  Superintendent  of  Schools 
for  three  years;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Super 
visors  one  year  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  in  1859;  removed  to  Chicago,  Illi 
nois,  in  1860,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery 
business;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen 
in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh 
•Congresses;  died  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  Decem 
ber  3,1885. 

Alexander,  Adam  R.  ;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Virginia;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Madison  County,  Tennessee,  from 
1823  to  1827,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Alexander,  A.  M.  ;  was  born  in  Clark  County, 
Kentucky,  May  26,  1834;  removed  to  Missouri,  and 
settled  at  Paris;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the. 
bar  in  1860  and  engaged  in  practice;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  of  Monroe  County  for  six  years;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1875  ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Alexander,  D.  S.;  was  born  at  Richmond,  Maine. 
July  17,  1845  ;  served  three  years  as  a  private  soldier 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  ;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1870  ; 
published  the  Fort  Wayne  (Indiana)  Daily  Gazette 
until  1874  ;  settled  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  in  the 
practice  of  law  ;  in  1881  was  appointed  Fifth  Auditor 
of  the  United  States  Treasury  at  Washington. 

Alexander,  Evan;  was  born  in  North  Carolina  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1787  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  for  two  years  ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1805 
to  1809.  Died  October  28,  1809. 


Alexander,  Henry  P. ;  was  born  in  New  York, 
in  1802  ;  engaged  in  commerce  :  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Herkimer  County,  in  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department. 
Died  at  Little  Falls,  Febvuary  22,  1867. 

Alexander,  James,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Maryland  ; 
was  a  resident  of  St.  Clairsville,  Belmont  County, 
Ohio  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  Eleventh  District  of  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures.  Died  August  6,  1846. 

Alexander,  John ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Ohio,  May  4,  1813,  serving  till  1817. 

Alexander,  Mark ;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg 
County,  Virginia,  February  7,  1792  ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1815  ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1833,  and  served  on  the  Committees  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions,  Ways  and  Means,  and  Expend 
itures  in  the  State  Department,  and  the  District  of 
Columbia.  Died  at  Scotland  Neck,  North  Carolina, 
July  6,  1883,  aged  ninety-one  years. 

Alexander,  Nathaniel ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1776,  and,  after  studying  medicine,  entered 
the  army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  resided  at  the 
High  Hills  of  Santee,  pursuing  his  profession,  and 
afterwards  at  Mecklenburg.  While  he  held  a  seat  in 
Congress,  as  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1803  to  1805,  the  Legislature  elected  him  Gov 
ernor  for  1806.  Died  at  Salisbury,  March  8,  1808, 
aged  fifty-two.  In  all  his  public  stations  he  dis 
charged  his  duty  with  ability  and  firmness. 

Alexander,  Robert ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1777. 

Alford,  Julius  C. ;  was  born  in  Georgia  ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Troup 
County,  in  that  State,  from  1839  to  1842,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Alger,  Russell  A.;  was  born  in  Lafayette  Town 
ship,  Medina  County,  Ohio,  February  27,  1836  ;  when 
eleven  years  of  age  he  lost  both  his  parents  and  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  to  secure  a  livelihood 
and  support  a  younger  brother  and  sister  ;  he  worked 
on  a  farm  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  attend 
ing  the  Richfield,  Ohio,  Academy  during  the  winter 
terms ;  then  taught  school  for  several  winters ;  in 
1857  began  the  study  of  law,  and,  in  1859,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  by  the  State  Supreme  Court ;  re 
moved  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  entered  a  law  office, 
but  impaired  health  compelled  him  to  abandon  the 
profession  of  the  law  ;  he  then  removed  to  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi 
ness  ;  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  en 
listed  in  the  Second  Michigan  Cavalry  ;  was  elected 
Captain  and  was  mustered  into  service  with  that 
rank  ;  he  served  until  1863,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel,  and  was  then  compelled,  by  ill-health  re 
sulting  from  wounds  received  in  battle,  to  resign  ;  at 
the  close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  Brigadier  General 
and  Major  General  "for  gallant  conduct;"  in  1865 
settled  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business ;  never  was  a  candidate  for,  or  was 
elected  to  any  public  office  until,  in  1884,  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State  of  Michigan. 

Allen,  Andrew ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1775  to  1776. 

Allen,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Worcester.  Massa 
chusetts,  August  9,  1797  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Legislature  in  1839,  1833,  1834,  1838,  and  1840  ;  a 
State  Senator  in  183.1,  1838,  and  1839  ;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1842  to  1844  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the -District  of  Colum 
bia  ;  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Sutlblk 
County  from  1858  to  1859  ;  subsequently  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  State  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Conventions  of  1853  and  1859 ; 
a  Commissioner  to  negotiate  the  Webster  Treaty  in 
1842  ;'  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 
Died  iii  Worcester,  August  6,  1869. 

Allen,  Charles  H.;  was  born  at  Lowell,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  15,  1848  ;  received  his  early  educa 
tion  in  the  public  schools  ;  graduated  from  Amherst 
College  in  1809  ;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  ;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Amherst  College  in 
1872  ;  held  several  local  offices  in  Lowell ;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1881 
and  1882  ;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1883  ;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Forty  -ninth  Congress. 

Allen,  Chilton  ;  was  born  in  Albemarle  County, 
Virginia,  April  6.  1786  ;  settled  in  Kentucky  as  a 
wheelwright  ;  educated  himself  for  the  legal  profes 
sion  ;  from  Clark  County  was  elected,  in  1811,  to  the 
Legislature  of  Kentucky,  and  re-elected  for  several 
terms  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1*31  to  1837,  officiating  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs  ;  in  1838  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Improvement  ;  and  in 
1842  was  again  returned  to  the  State  Legislature, 
which  was  the  last  public  position  he  occupied.  1  )ied 
at  Winchester,  September  3,  1858.  He  was  a  man  of 
ability  and  of  rare  virtues. 

Allen,  Elisha  H.;  was  born  in  Xew  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  January  28,  1804  ;  was  bred  a  lawyer  ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Maine  from  183(5  to  1841,  and  in 
184(5  ;  in  1838  as  Speaker  ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1841  to  1*43,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures  ; 
in  1847  removed  to  Boston  ;  was  elected  to  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  in  1849  ;  after  which  he  was 
appointed  Consul  to  Honolulu  ;  afterwards  became 
connected  with  the  Government  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands  ;  in  185(5  visited  the  United  States  as  Envoy  ; 
in  1857  was  Chief  Justice  and  Chancellor  of  the  Sand- 
Avich  Islands,  serving  until  18(54  ;  was  the  Hawaiian 
Minister  at  Washington  for  a  number  of  years.  Died 
suddenly  while  attending  the  President's  reception, 
January  1,  1883. 

Allen,  Heman ;  was  born  in  1776;  was  a  resi 
dent,  if  not  a  native,  of  Milton,  Vermont  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  in  which  he  became  distin 
guished  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ver 
mont  from  1833  to  1*39.  serving  as  an  active  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Claims  ;  subsequently  settled  in 
Burlington,  Vermont,  where  he  died  December  11, 
1844. 

Allen,  Heman  ;  was  born  in  1779  ;  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Colchester,  Vermont ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1795,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law  ;  was  Sheriff  of  Chittenden  County  in  1808 
and  1809  ;  from  1811  to  1814  was  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Chittenden  County  Court  ;  from  1812  to  1817  was  an 
active  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  appointed 
Quartermaster  of  Militia,  with  the  title  of  Brigadier  ; 
was  a  Trustee  of  the  University  of  Vermont  ;  was 
Jrst  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ver- 
uiont  in  1817,  but  resigned  in  1818  to  accept,  from 


President  Monroe,  the  appointment  of  United  States 
Marshal  for  the  District  of  Vermont  ;  in  1*23  received 
from  the  same  President  the  appointment  of  Minister 
to  Chili,  which  post  he  resigned  in  1828  ;  in  1*30  was 
appointed  President  of  the  United  States  Branch 
Bank,  at  Burlington,  which  office  he  held  until  the 
expiration  of  its  charter,  after  which  he  settled  in  the 
town  of  Highgate,  Vermont,  where  he  died  of  heart 
disease,  April  9,  1852. 

Allen,  James  C.J  was  born  in  Shelby  County, 
Kentucky.  January  28,  1*23;  received  a  good  com 
mon-school  education  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Indiana  in  1843;  in  1846  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  in  the  Seventh  Judicial  Dis 
trict  of  Indiana  for  two  years  ;  in  1850  and  1851  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  chosen 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois,  from  1853 
to  1855,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress; 
was  chosen  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  for 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  in  1*(52  was  elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress  as  a  Representative,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  and  Unfinished 
Business. 

Allen,  John;  was  born  in  Great  Barrington, 
Massachusetts,  in  1763;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro;'e.-sioii  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Council  of  Connecticul  for 
several  years ;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State 
during  the  last  Congress  which  was  held  in  Philadel 
phia. 'from  1797  to  1799.  Died  at  Litchiield,  Con 
necticut,  July  31,  1812. 

Allen  John  J.;  was  born  in  Virginia  ;  was  a  res 
ident  of  Harrison  County  ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1*33  to  1*35, 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia  ;  subsequently  held  the  ol'i'u  e  of 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Virginia. 

Allen,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Tishomingo  Coun 
ty,  Mississippi,  July  8,  1847:  receive:!  a  commo:i- 
school  education;  served  in  the  Con  let '.crate  A  •.•my 
throughout  the  Civil  War ;  after  its  close,  at'.emlc;! 
the  Law  School  of  Cumberland  University,  Tennes 
see,  and  in  1*70  graduated  in  law  from  the  University 
of  Mississippi  ;  in  the  same  year  was  admitted  to  ti  cr 
bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Tupelo, 
Mississippi;  in  1*75  was  elected  District  Attorney 
for  the  First  Judicial  District  of  Mississippi,  in  which 
position  he  served  four  years  ;  in  1**4  was  elected  ;v 
Representative  from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Allen,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Litchiield.  Con 
necticut,  in  1*02;  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1*25; 
was  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  that  State  from  1*35 
to  1837  ;  also  Mayor  of  Cleveland  ;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1*37  to  1*41.  serving  a» 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia  and  Mili 
tary  Affairs.  He  was  the  son  of  John  Allen,  of  Great 
Barrington,  Massachusetts. 

Allen,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Boston  :  was  a  mer 
chant  in  Leicester,  and  benefactor  of  the  Academy 
there;  twice  Elector  for  President;  was  a  Clerk  of 
the  County  Court  and  a  State  Councilor  :  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  from  1810 
to  1*11,  having  succeeded  J.  Upham,  resigned.  Died 
at  Worcester,  September  2,  1827,  aged  seventy-eight 
years. 
t 

Allen,  Judson ;  was  born  in  Connecticut ;  re 
moving  to  New  York  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1*39  to  1*41,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 


B I  ( )  G  R  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     A  N  X  A  L  S  . 


Allen,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York  :  served  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in 
181:2;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  181 9  to 
1821,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufac 
tures. 

Allen,  Philip;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  September  1,  1785 ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1803  ;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1819,  1850,  and  1821 ;  devoted  much  attention  to 
the  business  of  manufacturing ;  was  Governor  of 
Khode  Island  during  the  years  1851,  1852,  and  1853  ; 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  his  native 
State,  from  March  3,  1853,  for  six  years,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  on 
Naval  Affairs.  He  constructed  the  first  Watt  &  Boul- 
ton  Steam  Engine  in  Providence.  Died  in  Provi 
dence,  Khode  Island,  December  16,  1865. 

Allen,  Richard  C.;  was  a  citizen  of  Florida,  and 
was  one  of  the  earliest  United  States  Judges  appoint 
ed  for  the  District  embracing  that  State. 

Allen,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia  ;  was  a  Colonel  in  the  army  under  General 
Jackson  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1819  to  1827,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  the  Library,  and  Revolu- 
tionary  Claims.  Died  at  Carthage,  Tennessee,  Au 
gust  19,  18(J4,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

Allen,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Shenan- 
doah  County,  Virginia,  July  30,  1794  ;  was  educated 
at  Dickinson  and  Washington  Colleges,  having  left 
the  latter  institution  on  a  furlough  of  three  months, 
for  the  purpose  of  joining  a  volunteer  military  force, 
in  1H13,  but  returned  and  graduated;  studied  law, 
and  practiced  in  his  native  place ;  for  a  time  held  the 
office  of  Prosecutor  for  the  Commonwealth  ;  served 
five  years  in  the  Senate  of  Virginia ;  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1827  to 
18:53,  serving  on  the  Committee  for  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  January  5,  1772  ;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1794  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  from  1806  to  1810 ;  a 
State  Senator  from  1812  to  1815,  and  in  1831  ;  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1829  and  1830  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1817  to  1829,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Accounts.  He  was  at  one  time  a  Con 
gregational  preacher,  but  subsequently  turned  his  at 
tention  to  law  and  literature  ;  died  at  Xorthiield, 
February  8,  1842,  aged  seventy  years. 

Allen,  Thomas  ;  was  born  at  Pittsfield,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  was  educated  at  Union  College  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar ;  in  1837  removed 
to  Washington.  District  of  Columbia,  and  engaged  in 
the  printing  and  newspaper  business ;  in  1842  re 
moved  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri ;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1850  and  1854 ;  became  largely  interested  in  rail 
ways,  and  was,  for  many  years,  President  of  railway 
corporations  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress  ;  died  April 
7,  1882. 

Allen,  "William ;  was  born  in  Edenton,  Xorth 
Carolina,  in  1806  ;  received  a  good  education  ;  was 
connected  by  family  ties  witli  Allen  G.  Thurnian  ; 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  the  State  of  Ohio  ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1833  to  1835,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  ;  was 


elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1849,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  several  important  Committees. 
In  1874  became  Governor  of  Ohio,  serving  as  such  un 
til  1876. 

Allen,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Butler  County, 
Ohio,  August  13,  1827  ;  received  a  good  English 
'education  ;  taught  school  for  a  time  ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849 ;  in  1850  was 
elected  a  County  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  re-elected 
in  1852;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Accounts  ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  Interior  Department  ;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1864,  and 
also  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Allen,  William  J.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1828;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Illinois  in  1829  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848 ; 
in  1854  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature ;  in 
1855  was  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for  the 
District  of  Illinois,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1860, 
and  was  then  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court.  In 
1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
John  A.  Logan,  resigned,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims. 

Allen,  "Willis  ;  was  born  in  Tennessee  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Alley,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Lynn,  Massachu 
setts,  January  7,  1817  ;  received  a  good  common- 
school  education  ;  was  apprenticed  to  a  shoemaker  ; 
received  his  freedom  when  nineteen  years'  of  age, 
after  which  he  devoted  himself  to  trading  ;  subse 
quently  entered  largely  into  the  shoe  and  leather 
business  ;  served  several  years  in  the  City  Councils 
of  Lynn  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  in 
1851  ;  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1852  ; 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  held  in  1853  ; 
in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh,  and  also  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  again  on  the  Post 
Office  Committee,  and  as  a  member  of  that  on  the 
Bankrupt  Law  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Allison,  James ;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  October  4,  1772  ;  studied  law  and  ac 
quired  a  high  position  at  the  bar  of  Western  Penn 
sylvania  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Eighteenth  Congress  ;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Xineteenth  Congress,  but  on  account  of  ill  health 
and  his  dislike  of  public  life,  declined  the  position  ; 
after  practicing  his  profession  for  fifty  years,  died  in 
June,  1854. 

Allison,  John  ;  was  a  son  of  James  Allison,  and 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  August  5,  1812  ;  studied 
law,  but  never  practiced  the  profession  ;  was  elected 
to  the  Assembly  of  his  State  in  1846,  1847,  and  1849  ; 
was  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-second  and  Thirty-fourth  Congresses,  and  de 
clined  a  nomination  for  re-election.  On  the  1st  of 
April,  1869,  was  appointed  Register  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  ;  died  at  Washington  March,  23, 
1878. 


8 


15 1  O  G  R  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     A  N  N  A  L  S  . 


Allison,  Robert ;  v,-as  born  in  Pennsylvania ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1831  to  1833. 

Allison,  "Wm.  B.;  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Perry,  Wayne  County,  Ohio,  March  2,  18:29  ;  spent 
the  most  of  his  boyhood  on  a  farm  ;  was  educated 
chiefly  at  Allegheny  College,  Pennsylvania,  and  at 
the  Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio  ;  studied  law,  came 
to  the  liar  in  1851,  and  practiced  the  profession  in 
Ohio  until  1857,  when  he  settled  in  Dubuque,  Iowa  ; 
was  a'  delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  I860  ; 
in  1861  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's  staff,  and 
rendered  essential  service  in  raising  troops  for  the 
war  ;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Lands  and  Roads  and  Canals. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  .on  Ways  and  Means,  Mines  and 
Mining,  and  Expenses  in  the  Interior  Department. 
Re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses. 
In  1873  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1879,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  also  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Library  and  Appropriations  ;  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  March,  1885,  and  in 
January,  1885,  was  re-elected  for  a  third  term,  end 
ing  in  1891. 

Allston,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  1778  ;  was  a 
planter  of  education  and  ability  ;  was  several  years 
a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Legislature  ;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  from  1812  to  1814.  Died  Sep 
tember  10,  1816.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Aaron 
Burr,  and  for  that  reason  was  suspected,  but  un 
justly,  of  being  concerned  in  the  questionable  enter 
prises  of  that  famous  man.  His  wife  was  lost  at  sea 
on  her  passage  from  New  York  to  Charleston  in  1812. 

Allyn,  Joseph  P.;  was  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
from  which  State  he  was  appointed  an  Associate  Jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Arizona. 

Alsop,  John  ;  was  born  in  Middletown,  Connec 
ticut  ;  was  an  opulent  merchant,  and  by  his  ability, 
patriotism,  and  integrity  secured  his  election  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1774,  serving  two  years  in 
that  body.  On  the  occupation  of  New  York  by  the 
British,  he  withdrew  to  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
returning  after  the  peace.  Died  in  1794. 

Alston,  Lemuel  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Alston,  William  J.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  re 
moving  to  Alabama,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Ro.ids. 

Alston,  Willis  ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina ;  appeared  in  public  life  as  early  as 
]  7ii4,  serving  in  the  State  Legislature  for  several  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1799  to  1815,  and  from  1825  to  1831.  Dur 
ing  the  war  of  1812  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means.  Died  April  10,  1837. 

Alvorcl  James  C.;  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts  ;  received  a  liberal  education  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law  ;  served  one  term  in  each  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress, 
bul  died  in  the  latter  part  of  1839,  before  taking  his 
.seat. 

Ambler,  Jacob  A.;  was  born  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  February  18,  1829;  studied  law  in 


Ohio ;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  served  two  terms ;  in  1859  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  of  the  State,  and 
served  until  1867,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Ames,  Adelbert ;  was  born  in  Rockland,  Maine, 
October  31,  1835;  received  a  classical  education;  en 
tered  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  and  grad 
uated  in  1861 ;  was  commissioned  second  Lieutenant 
of  Artillery  ;  brevetted  Major  for  gallant  services  at 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  wounded ; 
brevetted  Lieutenant-Colonel  for  services  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Malvern  Hill ;  was  appointed  Colonel  of  Vol 
unteers  ;  brevetted  Colonel  for  services  at  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg ;  brevetted  Major-General  of  Volun 
teers  for  services  at  Fort  Fisher,  and  again  brevetted 
Major-General,  United  States  Army,  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field  during  the  Rebellion  ;  was  appointed  Provisional 
Governor  of  Mississippi  in  1868;  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  Department  of  Mississippi  in  1869; 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six  years, 
taking  his  seat  in  1870,  and  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Military  Affairs  and  R<  noval  of  Political  Dis 
abilities.  In  1873  was  elected  Governor  of  Missis 
sippi. 

Ames,  Fisher ;  was  born  in  Dedham,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  9,  1758;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1774 ;  studied  law  in  Boston,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  his  native  town  ;  distinguished 
himself  as  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Conven 
tion  for  ratifying  the  Constitution  in  1788  ;  from  that 
body  passed  into  the  State  Legislature ;  was  soon 
afterwards  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
where  he  served  from  1789  to  1797,  and  gained  great 
reputation  for  his  eloquence  and  exaltel  patriotism. 
He  was  devotedly  attached  to  Washington,  and  was 
the  author  of  the  "  Address  "  from  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  to  the  President  prior  to  his  retirement 
from  office.  After  leaving  Congress,  lie  devoted  him 
self  for  a  few  years  to  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and,  later,  turned  his  attention  to  farming  ;  was  elect 
ed  President  of  Harvard  University  in  1804,  but  de 
clined  the  honor,  and  received  from  that  institution 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  wrote  much  for  the  papers 
on  the  public  affairs  of  America.  England,  and  I"  ranee, 
and  both  as  a  writer  and  orator  attained  a  very  prom 
inent  position,  and  exerted  an  extensive  influence. 
Died  in  Dedham,  July  4,  1808.  In  18U9  a  collection 
of  his  writings,  and  his  life,  -were  published  by  Rev. 
Dr.  Kirkham ;  in  1854  a  more  complete  edition  was 
issued,  edited  by  his  son. 

Ames,  Oakes ;  was  born  in  Easton,  Bristol 
County,  Massachusetts,  January  10,  1804  ;  was,  i'or 
years,  a  manufacturer  ;  was,  for  two  years,  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  State  ;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Claims  and  Manufactures.  Re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad  and  Manufactures  ; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth, 
Forty-first,  and  Forty-second  Congresses.  Died  in 
North  Easton,  May  8,  1873. 

Ancona,  Sydenham  E.;  was  born  in  Warwick, 
Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  20,  1824  ; 
removing  to  Berks  County,  was,  for  several  years, 
connected  with  the  Reading  Railroad  Company  ;  in 
1860,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania 


B  I  O  G  R  A  P  II 1  C  A  L     AN  X  A  L  S  . 


to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia  and  on  Manufactures  ;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Manufactures,  and  on 
the  Militia.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  A  flairs; 
was  one  of  the  Representatives  designated  by  the 
House  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott,  in 
1866.  In  March,  18(57,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Johnson,  Navy  Agent  at  Philadelphia,  but  was  not 
confirmed  by  the  Senate. 

Anderson,  Alexander  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  the  Knoxville  District,  Tennessee,  during 
the  years  1840  and  1841,  part  of  a  term,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Anderson,  Charles ;  was  Acting  Governor  of 
Ohio  in  1865  and  1866  ;  was  by  profession  a  lawyer  ; 
was  a  man  of  high  culture,  and  for  many  years  was 
an  influential  citizen  of  Cincinnati. 

Anderson,  Charles  E.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York  ;  in  1836  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation 
to  France ;  in  the  following  year  was  made  acting 
Clidi-f/e  (1'Affttircx:  after  remaining  two  years  abroad, 
returned  to  the  United  States. 

Anderson,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Juniata 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  5,  1845;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Ohio  in  1855  ;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  throughout  the  Civil  War  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868  ;  engaged  in  practice 
at  Greenville.  Ohio;  in  1834  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Anderson,  George  ~W.;  wras  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Tennessee,  May  22,  1832  ;  received  a  liberal 
education  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law  ;  set 
tled  in  Missouri  in  1853  ;  in  1854  became  the  editor 
of  the  North  East  Missourian newspaper  ;  in  1858  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  :  in  1862  was  chosen 
a  State  Senator,  remaining  in  that  capacity  until 
1865,  when  he  resigned,  having  been  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public,Lands,  and 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage.  Early  in 
1861  organized  a  Home  Guard,  and  was  chosen  Colonel 
thereof;  was  subsequently  commissioned  a  Colonel  of 
Militia,  and  had  command  of  the  Forty-ninth  Regi 
ment  of  his  State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress. 

Anderson,  Hugh  J.;  was  born  in  Maine,  in 
1801;  was  Clerk  of  the  Waldo  County  Courts  from 
1827  to  1837;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine, 
from  1837  to  1841,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Naval  Affairs;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  Gov 
ernor  of  Maine  from  1844  to  1847;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1849;  Commissioner  of  Customs  in  Wash 
ington,  from  1853  to  1853.  In  October,  1866,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Sixth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury. 

Anderson,  Isaac  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Anderson,  John ;  was  born  in  Cumberland, 
Maine;  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  College  in  1813; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816;  was 
a  member  of  the  Maine  Senate  in  1824;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Cumberland  County, 
Maine,  from  1825  to  1833,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections  and  Naval  Affairs ;  was 
Mayor  of  Portland  in  1833  and  1842;  United  States 
District  Attorney  from  1833  to  1837;  Collector  of 


Customs  at  Portland  from  1837  to  1841,  and  from 
1843  to  1848.  Died  August  21,  1853,  aged  sixty-one 
years. 

Anderson,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  June  6,  1834  ;  graduated  at 
Miami  University,  Ohio,  in  1853 ;  removed  to  Cali 
fornia  ;  in  1857  was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  Pres 
byterian  Church  ;  was  elected  Trustee  of  the  State 
Insane  Asylum  in  1860  ;  was  a  Chaplain  of  Volun 
teers  in  1862  ;  was  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
Sanitary  Commission  from  1863  to  1867  ;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College  from 
1875  to  1879 ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh  and  Forty- 
eighth  Congresses  ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Anderson,  Joseph ;  was  born  near  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  November  5,  1757  ;  enjoyed  what  was 
called  at  the  time  a  good  education  ;  studied  law  ; 
was  appointed  an  Ensign  in  the  New  Jersey  line  in 
1775 ;  was  promoted  to  an  adjutancy  ;  as  a  Captain 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth  ;  also  went  in  1779 
with  Sullivan  against  the  Six  Nations  ;  in  1780  was  at 
Valley  Forge  ;  in  1781  at  the  siege  of  York  ;  after  the 
war  retired  with  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major  ;  practiced 
law  in  Delaware  for  seven  years.  In  1791  was  ap 
pointed,  by  Washington,  Judge  of  the  territory  south 
of  the  Ohio  River ;  remained  in  that  position  until 
the  first  Constitution  of  Tennessee  was  formed,  which 
he  aided  in  forming  in  Convention  ;  was  an  influential  - 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  Tennessee, 
from  1797  to  1815,  serving  at  all  times  upon  impor 
tant  committees,  and  acting  on  two  occasions  as 
President  pro  tern-pore  of  the  Senate  ;  was  appointed  in 
1815  First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1836  ;  died  in  Washington,  April  17, 
1837. 

Anderson,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  New  York  ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  from  1843  to  1847,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment. 

Anderson,  Josiah  M.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Third 
District  in  that  State,  from  1849  to  1852,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims  ; 
was  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Anderson,  J.  P.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  ;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  from 
the  Territory  of  Washington. 

Anderson,  Lucien ;  was  born  in  Mayfield,  Ken 
tucky,  in  June,  1824  ;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion:  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  served  for  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature.  In  1863  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the'District  of  Columbia.  During  the 
month  of  November,  1863,  was  taken  prisoner  by  a 
party  of  "Confederates,"  and  retained  in  custody 
until  just  before  the  meeting  of  Congress,  when  he 
was  exchanged;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1864,  and  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Anderson,  Rasmus  B.;  was  born  in  Albion 
Township,  Dane  County,  Wisconsin,  of  Norwegian 
parents,  January  12,  1846;  received  bis  early  educa 
tion  in  the  common-schools  of  his  native  county,  and 
from  the  parish  minister;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered 


10 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


a  Norwegian  College,  at  Decorah,  Iowa,  where  lie 
pursued  his  studies  for  upwards  of  three  years;  in 
1806,  was  elected  Professor  of  Greek  and  of  Modern 
Languages  in  Albion  Academy,  in  his  native  county; 
which  position  he  held  until  the  spring  of  1809;  he 
then  pursued  a  course  of  study  in  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  for  several  months;  and  during  the  sum 
mer  of  that  year  was  appointed  Assistant  Professor  of 
Languages  in  that  institution;  this  position  he  held 
until  1875  when  he  was  promoted  to  the  Professorship 
of  Scandinavian  Languages;  with  the  assistance  of 
Ole  Bull,  he  established,  in  the  University,  a  Scandi 
navian  Library  of  great  value;  during  the  summers  of 
1872  and  1873  he  visited  Europe,  to  perfect  himself 
in  the  literature  of  Norway;  he  has  contributed 
largely  to  the  advancement  and  knowledge  of  Norse 
literature  both  by  original  writings  and  by  trans 
lations:  among  his  principal  original  productions  are 
"Norse  Mythology,"  and  "DenNorskeMaalSag";in 
1883  he  resigned  his  professorship;  in  March,  1885,  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Minister 
Resident  and  Consul-General  of  the  United  States  in 
Denmark. 

Anderson,  Richard  dough,  Jr.;  was  born  in 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  August  4,  1788  ;  was  sent  at 
an  early  age  to  Virginia  to  be  educated  ;  graduated 
at  William  and  Mary  College,  and  studied  law  under 
Judge  Tucker  ;  returned  to  Kentucky  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  became 
eminent  as  a  lawyer  ;  was  for  several  years  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky,  from  1H17  to  1821  ;  and  de 
clined  a  re-election  in  1*22  :  again  entered  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House ; 
in  1H23  was  appointed  by  President  Monroe  the  lirst 
Minister  to  Columbia  ;  and  in  1826  was  appointed,  by 
President  Adams  Envoy,  to  Panama  ;  on  his  way 
thither  he  died  at  Turba'co,  July  '24,  1826. 

Anderson,  Samuel;  was  born  in  1774,  in  Penn 
sylvania;  served  repeatedly  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State  ;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  during  two 
sessions  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1827  to  1839,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Boundary  line  of 
Missouri ;  died  in  Chester,  Pennsylvania,  January  17, 
1850. 

Anderson,  Simeon  H.;  was  born  in  Garrard 
County,  Kentucky,  March  2,  1832 ;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  with  success  ;  served  frequently  in  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  the  Fifth  Congressional  District  of 
Kentucky,  from  1839  to  1841,  and  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads  ; 
died  at  his  residence,  near  Lancaster,  Kentucky, 
August  11,  1840,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
service.  He  had  the  reputation  of  being  a  remark 
ably  industrious,  useful  and  amiable  man. 

Anderson,  Thomas  L.;  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Kentucky,  December  1,  1808 ;  was  self- 
educated  ;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830,  where  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  twenty-one  years 
of  age ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State 
in  1840 ;  was  a  Presidential  elector  in  1844,  1848, 
1852,  and  1856 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for 
remodeling  the  State  Constitution  in  1845  ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims. 

Anderson,  William;  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania  in  1703 ;  served  throughout 


the  Revolutionary  War  with  credit,  taking  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  After  the  war 
returned  to  Delaware  County.  Pennsylvania  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1809 
to  1815,  and  from  1*17  to  1*19;  was  afterwards 
a  Judge  of  Delaware  County  Court,  and  a  Custom 
house  ollicer  at  Chester,  in  that  County,  where  he 
died,  December  13,  1829. 

Anderson,  "William  B.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Illinois,  April  2,  1S30  ;  studied  law.  but 
never  practiced  the  profession  ;  was  twice  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  and  once  to  the  State  Senate  ; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  frame;!  the 
present  Constitution  ;  in  1*61  exerted  himself  to 
raise  a  regiment  of  volunteers  for  the  army,  and  com 
manded  it  through  the  war.  receiving  the  brevet  title 
of  Major-General;  in  1S74  was*  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Anderson,  William  C.;  was  born  in  Lancaster, 
Garrard  County,  Kentucky,  December  0,  1820:  edu 
cated  at  the  College  of  Danville;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  served  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature 
in  1851  and  1853;  was  a  Presidential  elector  in  1*56; 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  died  at 
Frankfort,  Kentucky,  December  23,  ls(jl. 

Andrew,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Windham, 
Maine,  May  31,  1*1*  ;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College 
in  1837  ;  came  to  the  bar  in  Boston  in  1* 40  :  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention  of 
18;iO  ;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  twice  re-elected,  making  himself  con 
spicuous  as  one  of  the  ''  War  Governors"  of  the  North, 
by  his  energy  in  raising  troops  and  his  zeal  against 
the  institution  of  slavery  ;  in  1*65  presided  over  a, 
Unitarian  Convention  in  Boston,  and  was  President 
of  the  New  England  Genealogical  Society.  Died  in 
Boston.  October  30.  1*07.  An  account  of  his  ol'licial 
life  was  published  in  1808,  by  A.  G.  Brown,  Jr. 

Andrews,  C.  C.;  was  a  citizen  of  Minnesota  ;  in 
1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Sweden  and 
Norway. 

Andrews,  Charles;  was  born  in  Paris.  Maine, 
in  1814  ;  studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1837;  was  Clerk  of  the  County  Court  of  Oxford 
County  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from 
1839  to  1843,  a  portion  of  the  time  Speaker  of  (lie 
House  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine 
from  1851  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Paris  Hill,  Maine,  April  30,  1852. 

Andrews,  Charles  Bartlett ;  was  born  at  Sun- 
derland,  Massachusetts,  November  4,  1*31  ;  received 
a  classical  education,  graduating  at  Amherst  College; 
in  1858  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1860  ;  settled  at  Litchrield,  Connecticut,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  ;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1*68  and 
1869  ;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1878  ;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut  from  1*7*  to 
1880  ;  in  1882  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Connecticut. 

Andrews,  George  R.  ;  was  bora  in  New  York  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Four 
teenth  Congressional  District  in  that  State,  from  1*49 
to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  oil 
Elections. 

Andrews,  John  T.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1*37  to  1839,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department. 


F,  I  0  G  It  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     A  N  N  A  L  8  . 


li 


Andrews,  Landaff  "W.;  was  born  in  Fleming 
County,  Kentucky,  February  12,  1H03;  graduated  at 
Transylvania  University  in  1824;  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  1820;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken- 
lucky  Legislature  in  1834;  in  1838  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  serving  from  1839  to  1843; 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions  and  Accounts;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Senate. 

Andrews,  Samuel  G. ;  was  born  in 'Derby,  New 
Haven  County,  Connecticut,  October  16,  1799;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1816;  was  occu 
pied  chiefly  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing  pur 
suits;  was  for  several  years  Mayor  of  Rochester;  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  1831  and 
1832  from  Monroe  County,  New  York;  Clerk  of  the 
Monroe  County  Court;  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate 
of  New  York  for  four  years;  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Dernier  Resort  for  four  years;  was  Postmaster  of 
Rochester;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty-lifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals.  Died  in 
Rochester,  New  York,  in  1863. 

Andrews,  Sherlock  J. ;  was  born  in  "NValling- 
ford.  Connecticut,  in  1801  ;  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  ;  settled  in  Cleveland.  Ohio,  in  182."),  and 
practiced  law;  was  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
that  State  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Ohio,  from  1841  to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Angel,  Benjamin  F.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York  ;  in  ls~>7  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Sweden  and  Norway. 

Anorel,  William  G.;  was  a  native  of  New  Shore- 
ham,  Rhode  Island  :  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Burlington.  Otsego  County,  New  York, 
from  1825  to  1827.  and  again  from  1«29  to  1833.  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Indian  A  Hairs 
and  on  Territories. 

Angell,  James  B.;  was  a  resident  of  Michigan  ; 
in  1880  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to 
China. 

Anthony,  George  T.;  was  Governor  oi  Kansas 
from  1877  to  1879. 

Anthony,  Hem^y  B.;  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Rhode  Island.  April  1.  1S15.  of  (Quaker  ancestry  ; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1833  ;  in  1838  he 
assumed  the  editorial  charge  of  the  Providence  Jour 
nal,  which  he  retained  until  called  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate;  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1849;  re-elected  in  1850,  and  declined  a 
further  re-election;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Rhode  Island  for  the  term  commencing  in  1859 
and  ending  in  1865,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Printing:  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1K71,  again  serving  at  the  head 
of  the  Printing  Committee  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Claims,  Naval  Affair's,  Mines  and 
Mining,  and  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  ac 
company  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois; 
was  one  of  the  Senators  designated  by  the  Senate  to 
attend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott  in  1866;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866.  On  the  meeting  of  the  Forty-first 
Congress  was  elected  President  of  the  Senate,  pro 
1cm.  Re-elected  to  the  Senate  in  1870,  for  the  term 
ending  1877;  was  again  re-elected  in  1876,  and  again 
in  1882;  died  September  2,  1884. 


Anthony,  Joseph  B.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from • 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1838,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Territories  and  Miliary  Affairs;. 
died  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  January  17r 
1851. 

Appleton,  John  ;  was  born  in  Beverly,  Massa 
chusetts,  February  11,  1815;  graduated  at  Bowdoiir, 
College,  Maine,  in  1834 ;  was  admitted  to  practice 
law  at  Portland,  Maine,  in  1H37.  In  the  winter  of 
l838-'39  became  editor  of  a  Democratic  newspaper  in 
that  city,  The  Ettxleni  Argus,  and  continued  to  be  its 
editor  for  the  next  four  or  live  years,  during  a  part 
of  which  time  he  was  also  Register  of  Probate  for 
the  County  of  Cumberland.  In  1845  accepted  an  in 
vitation  from  Mr.  Bancroft,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  to  become  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Navy  Depart 
ment;  subsequently  'succeeded  Mr.  Trist  as  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  State  Department,  which  was  then  pre 
sided  over  by  Mr.  Buchanan.  In  1848  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Polk,  Charge  d'Afftiircxof  the  United 
States  to  Bolivia.  On  his  return  from  that  mission, 
which  he  resigned  after  the  election  of  General  Tay 
lor,  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Portland,  in  part 
nership  with  Nathan  Clifford,  subsequently  one  of  the- 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;, 
soon  afterwards,  in  September.  1850,  was  elected,. 
from  the  Portland  District,  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress.  In  1855  joined  Mr.  Buchanan,  then 
United  States  Minister  to  England,  at  London,  as 
Secretary  of  Legation,  but  returned  home  in  time  for 
the  Presidential  canvass  of  1856.  In  1857,  having 
been  obliged,  by  reason  of  ill-health,  to  decline  the 
position  of  editor  of  the  Wuxhintjton  Union,  which  had 
been  tendered  him,  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State.  In  May,  I860, 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Russia.  Died  at  Portland,. 
Maine,  August  22,  1864. 

Appleton,  John  James ;  was  born  at  Calais, 
France,  September  22,  1792,  while  his  father  was 
United  States  Consul  at  that  place;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1813;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  of 
the  United  States  to  Portugal,  from  1819  to  1822,  to. 
Spain,  from  1822  to  1825;  Charge  d1  Affaires  to  the 
Two  Sicilies  in  1825;  and  to  Sweden  in  1826.  He  re 
sided  in  France,  where  he  owned  a  valuable  estate. 
While  at  Stockholm  he  negotiated  a  treaty  of  Com 
merce.  Died  at  Rennes,  France,  March  4,  1864. 

Appleton,  Nathan  ;  was  born  at  New  Ipswich,. 
New  Hampshire,  October  6,  1779;  entered  Dartmouth 
College  in  1794,  but  left  his  studies  there,  after  being 
invited  by  his  brother  to  jo:n  him  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  Boston;  became  interested  in  the  cotton 
manufacture,  and  in  1821  was  one  of  the  three  origi 
nal  founders  of  Lowell,  Massachusetts;  was,  at  dif 
ferent  periods,  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Massa 
chusetts;  from  1831  to  1833  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts,  serving  on  important 
committees;  was  again  elected  to  Congress  in  1842, 
but  soon  resigned  his  seat.  Died  at  Boston,  July  14, 
1861.  A  memoir  of  his  life  was  published  by  Robert 
C.  Winthrop. 

Appleton,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Brookfield, 
Massachusetts,  November,  1786;  was  educated  for 
mercantile  pursuits,  in  which  he  was  engaged  exten 
sively  and  successfully  for  more  than  fifty  years;  took 
a  prominent  part  in  various  public  and  benevolent 
enterprises:  gave  much  attention  to  banking  and  finan 
cial  operations;  was  for  some  years,  and  until  the 
close  of  the  institution,  President  of  the  Boston 
branch  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States;  in  1850  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachu- 


12 


BIOGRAPHICAL     A  N  X  A  L  S  . 


-setts;  was  re-elected  iu  185:7;  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress.  Died  at  Boston,  in  Febru 
ary,  1862. 

Archer,  John;  was  born  in  Harford  County, 
Maryland,  in  1741,  and  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in 
1760;  studied  theology,  but,  on  account  of  a  throat 
affection,  turned  his  attention  to  medicine,  and  went 
through  a  course  of  study  at  the  Philadelphia  Medi 
cal  College,  receiving  the  first  medical  diploma  ever 
issued  in  the  New  World;  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Revolution  had  command  of  a  military  company; 
-was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  and  after  the 
-war  practiced  his  profession;  was  a  Presidential 
elector  in  1797;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland,  from  1801  to  1807;  died  in  1810.  As 
a  medical  man  he  commanded  great  influence,  and 
several  discoveries  were  made  by  him,  which  have 
been  adopted  by  the  profession. 

Archer,  Stevenson ;  was  born  in  Harford 
County,  Maryland;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1805;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  was 
-elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland, 
from  1811  to  1817,  when  he  was  appointed  Judge  in 
Mississippi  Territory;  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress  again,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  in  1845  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  Maryland,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death,  in  1848.  He  was  the  son  of 
-John  Archer. 

Archer,  Stevenson  ;  was  born  in  Harford 
-County,  Maryland,  1827;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1846;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1854; 
in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
-on  Naval  Affairs,  Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings. 
and  Education  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  His 
father,  bearing  the  same  name,  and  his  grandfather, 
.John  Archer,  were  both  Representatives  in  Congress 
from  the  same  District  which  he  represented.  Re- 
•elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  New  York  Convention  of  1868;  also  re-elected  to 
the  two  subsequent  Congresses. 

Archer,  William  S.;  was  born  in  Amelia  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  March  5,  1789;  came  of  a  Welsh  family, 
-a  number  of  whom  acquitted  themselves  with  honoi 
in  the  Revolutionary  War;  obtained  the  rudiments 
•of  his  education  at  the  best  grammar  schools  of  the 
day;  graduated  at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary 
studied  law;  in  1812  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  where  he  served,  excepting  one  year,  unti 
1819;  in  1820  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  where  he  remained  until  1835, 
•  taking  an  active  part  in  all  matters  of  national  im 
portance,  and  exerting  a  wide  influence,  especially  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs  anc 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Missouri  Com 
promise.  In  1841  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  where  he  remained  until  1847,  having,  from 
the  first,  been  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Relations  in  that  body.  By  his  publi 
acts,  he  commanded  the  respect  of  the  country,  and 
by  the  charms  of  his  private  character  won  the  friend 
ship  of  many  of  the  leading  men  of  his  day.  On  his 
retirement  from  public  life,  he  devoted  himself  tc 
the  improvement  of  his  paternal  estate;  and  dice 
March  28,  1855,  of  neuralgia,  with  which  he  had  beei 
afflicted  for  twenty  years. 

Armfleld,  Robert  Franklin;  was  born  in  Guil 
ford  County,  North  Carolina,  July  9,  1829;  receivec 
a  collegiate  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 


law;  was  County  Attorney  from  1855  to  1861;  State 
solicitor  for  the  Sixth  District  from  1863  to  1865; 

erved  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel 
luring  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  was  President  of 

he  State  Senate  and  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1875 
xnd  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 

Carolina  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con- 

;resses. 

Armor,  Charles  Lee  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
appointed,  from  Maryland,  an  Associate  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court,  for  the  Territory  of  Colorado. 

Armstrong,  David  H.;  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
October  21,  1812;  received  an  academic  education, 
and  was  a  teacher  for  eighteen  years;  in  1837  removed 
to  Missouri,  opening,  in  1838,  and  conducting,  in  St. 
Louis,  the  first  public  school  established  under  the 
laws  of  that  State;  in  1847  was  appointed  Comptrol 
ler  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  and  re-appointed  in  1848 
and  1849;  in  1854  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Postmaster  of  St.  Louis;  was  appointed  a  United 
States  Senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Lewis  V.  Bogy,  whose  term  of  service  would  have 
expired  March  3,  1879. 

Armstrong,  John;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia;  distinguished  himself  in  the  Indian  wars,  and 
was  consulted  by  the  proprietors  of  Pennsylvania  on 
all  matters  connected  with  Indian  affairs;  in  1776, 
Congress  promoted  him  from  the  rank  of  Colonel  to 
that  of  Brigadier-General,  and  he  assisted  in  the  de 
fense  of  Fort  Moultrie,  and  in  the  battle  of  German- 
town;  in  1777  resigned  his  commission  in  consequence 
of  dissatisfaction  as  to  rank;  was  subsequently  elected 
a  Representative  to  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  serv 
ing  from  1793  to  1795;  also  held  a  number  of  other  hon 
orable  offices.  Died  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania.  March 
9,  1795,  a  few  days  after  the  expiration  of  his  term 
in  Congress. 

Armstrong,  John ;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  November  25,  1755,  and  served  as  an  officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  War.  At  the  close  of  the  war, 
in  order  to  obtain  redress  for  the  grievances  of  the 
officers  of  the  army,  he  prepared  the  celebrated 
"Newburgh  Letters;  "  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1778  and  1787,  from  Pennsylvania; 
was  made  Secretary  of  State  and  Adjutant-General 
of  the  State;  to  him  was  intrusted  the  direction  of 
the  last  Pennsylvania  war  against  the  Connecticut 
settlers  of  Wyoming.  Returning  to  New  York,  he 
was  sent  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  serving 
from  1800  to  1804,  when  he  resigned.  On  the  return 
of  Chancellor  Livingston  from  the  French  embassy, 
was  commissioned  Minister  in  his  place,  in  1804; 
and  was  also  appointed  a  Commissioner  Plenipoten 
tiary  to  Spain.  Returning  to  his  own  country,  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in  1812;  in  1813,  Sec 
retary  of  War,  by  President  Madison,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  consequence  of  difficulties  growing  out 
of  the  capture  of  Washington.  From  that  time  he 
lived  in  retirement.  He  published  a  brief  history  of 
the  last  war  with  England;  died  at  Red  Hook,  New 
York,  April  1,  1843. 

Armstrong,  Moses  K.;  was  born  at  Milan, 
Ohio,  September  19,  1832;  was  educated  at  the 
Western  Reserve  College;  removed  to  Minnesota  in 
185(5;  was  fleeted  Surveyor  of  United  States  Lands; 
on  the  admission  of  Minnesota  as  a  State,  removed 
to  Yankton,  on  the  Missouri  River;  on  the  organ i/a- 
tion  of  Dakota,  in  1861,  was  elected  to  the  First  Ter 
ritorial  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in  18(52  and  1863, 
serving  the  last  year  as  Speaker;  was  editor  of  The 
Dakota  Union  in  1864;  was  elected  Territorial  Treas 
urer;  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1865; 


B  1  O  G  R  A  P  H  I C  A  L     A  N  X  A  L  8  . 


elected  to  the  Territorial  Senate  in  18G(i,  eliosen 
President  in  1867;  published  the  first  history  of  Da 
kota,  in  1867;  acted  as  Secretary  to  the  Indian  Peace 
Commi.ssion  to  the  Sioux;  from  1866  to  18G9  estab 
lished  {lie  base-lines  for  United  States  surveys  in 
Southern  Dakota,  and  the  Northern  lied  River  Valley; 
was  again  elected  to  the  Territorial  Senate  in  1869; 
established  the  first  Democratic,  newspaper  in  the 
Territory;  was  chosen  President  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  the  Territory  in  1872;  was  elected  Delegate 
to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses. 

Armstrong-,  S.  T.;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts  in  1S36,  and  was  soon  called 
upon  to  act  as  Governor  of  the  State,  in  the  place  of 
John  Davis. 

Armstrong1,  William ;  was  born  in  Lisburn, 
Antrim  County,  Ireland,  December  23,  1782;  came 
to  this  country  in  1792;  received  a  limited  education; 
studied  law  in  Winchester,  Virginia;  devoted  himself 
to  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1813  was  appointed,  by 
President  Madison,  Collector  for  the  Sixth  District 
of  Virginia;  in  18L8  and  1819  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Delegates;  in  1822  and  1823,  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works;  in  1820.  and 
1824  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  for  many  years  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace;  one  year  High  Sheriff  of  Hamp 
shire  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
l82,->  to  18J3. 

Armstrong-,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Williams- 
port.  Pennsylvania,  September  7,  1824;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1847;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
I860  and  ISb'l;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  the  Civil  Ser 
vice:  in  1S82  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Rail 
roads  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

Arnell,  Samuel  M.;  was  born  in  Maury  County, 
Tennessee,  May  3,  Ib33;  his  grandfather  having  been 
a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and  acquitted  himself 
with  credit  at  "King's  Mountain;"  was  educated  for 
the  Church,  but  taught  a  classic  school  and  studied 
law;  in  1859  went  into  the  business  of  manufacturing 
leather;  in  1801  took  an  active  interest  in  putting 
down  the  Rebellion,  and  suffered  in  person  and 
property  from  the  Confederate  Army;  was  elected  to 
the  Tennessee  Legislature,  and  advocated  the  passage 
of  the  Constitutional  Amendment  in  1865;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  taking  his  seat  near  the  close  of  the  first 
session  and  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures.  Re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Accounts 
and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department. 

Arnold,  Benedict;  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York  from  Amsterdam,  Montgomery 
County,  in  1816  and  1817;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Arnold,  Isaac  N.;  was  born  in  Hardwicke,  Ot- 
sego  County,  New  York,  in  November,  1815 ;  while 
engaged  in  acquiring  an  education  taught  school ; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1835;  in  1836 
removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois;  in  1837  was  First  Clerk 
of  the  City  of  Chicago;  in  1843  was  elected  to  the 
Illinois  Legislature,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
canal  improvements  ;  in  1844  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was  for  a  time  Attorney  for  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 


as  Chairman  of  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Defenses 
and  Fortifications  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  Rivers. 
In  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and  as 
Chairman  of  that  on  Roads  and  Canals.  In  May, 
1865,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Sixth 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury;  in  1866  published  a  "His 
tory  of  Abraham  Lincoln." 

Arnold,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  December  14,  1741;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly  in  1776;  was  author  of  the  Act 
of  May,  1776,  repealing  the  laws  providing  for  the 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  mother  country;  was  a  sur 
geon  in  the  Revolutionary  Army;  after  the  war  re 
moved  to  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont,  where  he  was- 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Orange  County  Court  in  1782, 
holding  that  office  during  the  remainder  of  his  lifej 
was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782; 
to  1784.  Died  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont,  February 
2,  1798. 

Arnold,  Lemuel  H.;  was  born  in  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vermont,  January  29,  1792;  removed  to  Rhode  Island 
at  an  early  age;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  in 
1811;  was  educated  for  the  bar,  but  turned  his  at 
tention  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In  1831  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  re-elected  in  1832;  was 
a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  during  the  Dorr 
Rebellion  in  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1845  to  1847.  Died  in  Kingston,  Rhode  Island, 
June  27,  1852. 

Arnold,  Peleg-;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island;  was  for  many  years  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State;  was  a. Delegate  to- 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1788,  when  he 
was  app  >inted  Judge.  Died  in  Smithfield,  Rhode 
Island,  February  13,  1820,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Arnold,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Haddarn,  Mid 
dlesex  County,  Connecticut,  June  1,  1806;  received 
his  education  at  Plainfield  Academy,  in  Connecticut, 
and  Westfield  Academy,  in  Massachusetts;  devoted 
the  most  of  his  life  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  to> 
various  interests  of  commerce;  also  for  many  years 
carried  on  one  of  the  most  extensive  stone  quarries  in  \ 
the  Union;  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  President  of 
the  Bank  of  East  Haddam ;  served  his  native  county 
in  the  Legislature  during  the  years  1839,  1842,  1844,  ! 
and  1851 ;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as 
a  Representative  from  Connecticut,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Arnold,  Samuel  G-.;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  April  12,  18-21;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1841,  having  taken  a  year  from  the 
course  to  travel  in  Europe  and  the  East;  spent  two> 
years  in  a  counting-house  in  Providence,  and  again 
visited  Europe ;  spent  two  years  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and,  having  graduated,  came  to  the  bar  in 
1845;  instead  of  practicing,  again  visited  Europe  and 
also  South  America.  In  1852  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island;  in  1859  and  1860  published 
the  "History  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,"  a  work 
upon  which  he  had  long  been  engaged;  in  1861  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Convention,  and  again  chosen 
Lieuteuant-Governor  of  the  State;  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Rebellion  took  the  field,  for  a  few  weeks, 
in  command  of  a  battery  of  artillery,  as  aide-de-camp- 
to  Governor  Sprague.  In  1862  was  again  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  soon 
afterwards  chosen  Senator  in  Congress,  for  the  unex- 
piiecl  term  of  J.  F.  Simmons,  resigned,  serving  on- 
the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  Claims. 


14 


B  I  O  G  R  A  P  H  1  C  A  L     ANNALS. 


.Arnold,  Thomas  D. ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Knox  County,  Tennessee,  from 
1831  to  18:53;  was  elected  for  a  second  term,  from  1841 
to  1843,  representing  Greenville  County;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Elections  and  Claims. 

Arnot,  John,  Jr. ;  was  born  at  Elmira,  New 
York,  March  31,  1831;  was  educated  at  a  private 
:school  at  Northampton,  Massachusetts;  was  three 
times' President  of  the  village  of  Elmira,  and  was  the 
first  Mayor  after  its  incorporation ;  was,  subsequently, 
twice  elected  Mayor;  became  Cashier  of  the  Chemuiig 
Canal  Bank,  in  1851,  and  continued  in  that  position; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
jilath  Congress. 

Arrington,  H.  Archibald ;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina;  represented  that  State  in  Congress  from 
1841  to  1845,  after  which  he  retired  to  private  life; 
-was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  War  Department.  His  son,  Alfred  W.  Arring- 
ton,  attained  distinction  as  a  Methodist  preacher,  a 
lawyer,  and  judge,  and  a  writer  for  the  magazines 
under  the  assumed  name  of  Charles  Summerfield,  re 
siding  in  North  Carolina,  Arkansas,  Indiana,  Mis 
souri,  and  Illinois. 

Arthur,  Chester  A.;  was  born  at  Fairfield, 
.Franklin  County,  Vermont,  October  5,  1830; removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Central  New  York,  in  his  boy 
hood;  entered  Union  College  in  1845,  when  fifteen 
years  of  age,  and,  after  a  brilliant  course,  graduated 
in  1848;  his  resources  being  limited,  Jie  taught  school, 
in  addition  to  prosecuting  his  studies  at  College,  dur 
ing  two  winters  of  his  collegiate  course;  began  the 
/study  of  law  upon  leaving  College;  was  Principal  of 
an  Academy  at  North  Pownal,  Vermont,  in  1851 ;  re 
moved  to  New  York  City  in  1853,  and  was  soon  after 
admitted  to  the  bar;  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  there  at  once  and  attained  eminence;  in 
J86'0  was  appointed  Engineer-in-Chief  on  the  staff  of 
^Governor  Morgan,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the 
office  with  marked  ability  until  the  expiration  of  his 
term  in  1863;  in  1862  was  appointed  Inspector-Gen- 
jeral  of  New  York,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties; 
was  Collector  of  the  Port  of  New  York  from  1871  to 
1878;  in  1879  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Republi 
can  State  Committee;  in  1880  was  elected  Vice-Pres 
ident  of  the  United  States;  in  September,  1881,  be 
came  President  of  the  United  States  by  the  death  of 
President  Garfield. 

Arthur, William  B.;  was  born  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
March  3,  1825;  removed  with  his  parents  to  Coving- 
ton,  Kentucky,  where  he  was  educated;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  was  elected  At 
torney  for  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  and  served 
from  1856  to  1862;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860; 
elected  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  in  1866, 
for  a  full  term,  but  resigned  in  two  years;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and  Railways 
and  Canals. 

Asboth,  Alexander  Sandor ;  was  born  in  Kesz- 
thely,  County  of  Zaln,  Hungary,  December  18,  1811; 
studied  at  Oedenburg;  served  in  the  Austrian  army, 
and  afterwards  devoted  himself  to  engineering.  In 
1848  and  1849  took  the  side  of  the  Liberals  in  the 
Hungarian  army;  was  in  several  battles,  and  at 
tained  the  rank  of  Adjutant-General;  went  with 
Kossuth  to  Turkey,  and  was  imprisoned  with  him  at 
Kutaiah;  on  their  release  in  1851  came  to  the  United 
States  on  the  frigate  Miatiiixippi,  and  became  a  citi 
zen;  was  a  farmer,  engineer,  and  manufacturer  until 


1861,  when  he  offered  his  services  to  the  government, 
and.  went  Jus  chief  of  Fremont's  staff  to  Missouri; 
was  made  a  Brigadier-General,  and  commanded  the 
Western  Division  in  Fremont's  campaign,  which 
formed  the  rearguard  at  Holla;  was  with  General 
Curtis  in  Arkansas,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of 
Pea  Ridge;  in  1863  commanded  at  Columbus,  Ken 
tucky,  and  then  in  West  Florida,  where  he  was  again 
wounded;  in  1865  was  breveted  Major-General  for 
his  services  in  Florida;  was  appointed  Minister  to 
the  Argentine  Republic  in  1866.  Died  in  conse 
quence  of  his  wounds,  at  Buenos  Ayres,  January  21, 
1868. 

Ash,  Michael  W. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1835  to  1837,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Ashe,  John  Baptiste;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1787  and  1788;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1790 
to  1793;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac:  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  1801.  Died 
November  27,  1802. 

Ashe,  John  B. ;  was  a  son  of  John  Baptute  Ashe ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1843  to  1845.  representing  the  Tenth 
District,  and  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Invalid  Pensions  and  Expenditures  in  the  State 
and  Treasury  Departments. 

Ashe,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1725,  and  brother  of  General  John  B.  Ashe,  of  the  old 
Congress;  was  a  lawyer  of  ability,  a  citizen  of  exalted 
patriotism,  and  a  soldier  in  emergencies;  was  a  lead 
ing  member  of  the  North  Carolina  Congress;  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State  from  1777  to  1796:  Governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1795  to  1798.  Died  at  Rocky 
Point,  North  Carolina,  February  3,  1813. 

Ashe,  Thomas  S. ;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1832;  studied  law  and  pursued  that  pro 
fession;  in  1842  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  North  Carolina;  in  1847  was  elected  Solici 
tor  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  North  Carolina, 
t'.nd  served  in  that  capacity  four  years;  in  1S54  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1861  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Confederate  States; 
to  the  Senate  of  the  Confederate  Congress  in  18(54;  was 
one  of  the  Councilors  of  State  in  18(56;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Coinage,  Weights  and  Measures. 

Ashe,  "William  S. ;  was  born  in  Wilmington. 
North  Carolina,  and  was  the  son  of  John  Baptiste 
Ashe;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1846,  and  was  re-elected  in  184S;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department.  Was  killed  on  a  railroad,  near  Wil^ 
mington,  in  1864. 

Ashley ,  Chester ;  was  born  at  Westfield,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  1,  1790;  was  removed  in  infancy  to 
Hudson,  New  York,  where  he  resided  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-seven;  then  went  to  Illinois,  and 
after  practicing  law  in  that  State  for  two  years,  re 
moved  to  the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  and  established 
himself  in  Little  Rock,  then  a  mere  landing;  was 
chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Arkansas  in  1844 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee  in 
that  body;  served  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Washington  City,  April  29,  1848. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


15 


.Ashley,  Delos  R. ;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law  in  Monroe,  Michigan:  went  to  California 
in  1849,  where  he  held  the  office  of  District  Attorney 
in  1851,  1852  and  1853;  was  a  member  of  the  Cali 
fornia  Assembly  in  1854  and  1855;  a  State  Senator  in 
1856  and  1857;  State  Treasurer  in  1862  and  1863: 
early  in  18(J4  removed  to  Nevada,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Mines  and  Mining,  and  on  that  on  Free  Schools  in 
the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 
Died  in  San  Francisco,  July  18,  1873. 

Ashley,  Henry;  was  born  in  Cheshire  County, 
New  Hampshire;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Delaware  and  Greene  counties,  New  York, 
from  1825  to  1827. 

Ashley,  James  M. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
November  14,  1824;  was  self  educated;  became  an 
adventurer  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  at  one  time  acting  as 
•clerk  on  the  store-boats  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi; 
then  doing  service  in  a  printing-office:  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio  in  1H49:  but, 
instead  of  practicing  his  profession,  went  into  the 
business  of  boat-building,  and  was  connected  with 
the  press;  subsequently  settled  at  Toledo,  and  went 
into  the  wholesale  drug  business;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Territories. 
Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  made 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Territories;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories,  and  under  his  immediate  supervision 
the  Territories  of  Arizona,  Idaho,  and  Montana  were 
organized.  Re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  again  at  the  head  of  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories,  and  as  a  member  of  those  on  Unfinished  Busi 
ness  and  Mines  and  Mining:  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  ''Loyalists'  Convention"  of  18(J(J:  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  subsequently  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Montana. 

Ashley,  "William  H. :  was  born  in  Powhatan 
County.  Virginia:  emigrated  to  Missouri,  then  Upper 
Louisiana,  in  1808.  and  settled  near  the  Lead  Mines. 
In  1822  projected  the  scheme  of  the  "Mountain  Ex 
pedition.''  by  uniting  the  Indian  trade  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  with  the  hunting  and  trapping  business: 
enlisted  about  three  hundred  hardy  men  in  the  busi 
ness,  and.  after  various  successes  and  reverses,  hav 
ing  sustained  numerous  losses  by  Indian  robbery  and 
river  disasters,  he  and  his  associates  realized  a  hand 
some  fortune:  was  the  first  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Missouri,  after  it  became  a  State:  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  18:U  to  1S37;  died  near 
lloonville.  Missouri,  March  26,  1838. 

Ashmore,  John  D. ;  was  born  in  Greenville  Dis 
trict.  South  Carolina.  August  7.  1819;  served  as  a 
merchant's  clerk  for  several  years,  and  then  taught 
school  until  he  became  of  age;  studied  law.  but,  in 
stead  of  following  that  profession,  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  agriculture:  when  quite  young  filled  various 
offices  in  the  State  Militia:  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  Legislature  in  1848,  1850,  and  1852: 
in  1853  was  elected  Comptroller-General  of  the  State 
for  two  years,  and  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term; 
was  subsequently  elected  a  Representative  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  With 
drew  in  December.  I860. 

Ashmun,  Eli  Porter :  was  a  distinguished  law 
yer,  and  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  House  of 


Representatives  and  Senate  of  Massachusetts;  in  181G 
was  elected  to  succeed  C.  Gore  as  Senator  from  that 
State  in  CYmgress;  resigned  in  1818;  died  at  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  May  10,  1819,  aged  forty- 
eight. 

Ashmun,  George  ;  was  born  inBandford,  Mass 
achusetts,  December  25,  1804;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1823:  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Spring 
field  in  1828;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  during 
the  years  1833,  1835,  1836,  1838,  and  1841,  officiating 
as  Speaker  of  the  House  in  the  latter  year;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1845  to  1851,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary, 
Indian  Affairs,  and  Rules;  in  1860  was  elected  Presi 
dent  of  the  Chicago  Convention,  convened  to  nomi 
nate  a  President  and  Vice  President;  was  subsequent 
ly  appointed  a  Director  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail 
road;  in  1866  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "National  Union  Convention,"  but  did  not 
take  part  in  its  proceedings.  Died  at  Springfield, 
Massachusetts,  July  10,  1870. 

Ashton,  J.  Hubley  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  which  State  he  was,  in  1864,  appointed 
Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States, 
serving  three  years;  re-appointed  in  1868,  serving 
one  year;  was  subsequently  associated  with  the  Court 
for  the  settlement  of  the  Alabama  Claims. 

Aspsr,  Joel  F.  ;  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  April 20, 1822;  removed  with  his  father 
to  Ohio  in  1830;  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended 
school  alternately;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1844,  writing  frequently  for  the  newspapers;  was 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1846,  and  in  1847 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  County;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Buffalo  Convention  of  1848;  editor  of  the 
Wcxtern  Rc.ierre  Chronicle  in  1849,  and  of  the  Chnrdon 
Democrat  in  1850;  in  1861  raised  a  company  and  was 
mustered  into  the  Volunteer  Army  as  Captain,'  serving 
at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  where  he  was  wounded; 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  in 
18(12:  in  1863  was  mustered  out  of  service  "  on  account 
of  wounds  received  in  action."  In  the  latter  year 
organized  a  regiment  of  National  Guards  and  became 
its  Colonel,  and,  with  it,  was  at  the  battle  of  Kellar's 
Bridge  in  1864;  for  his  services  there  was  highly  com- 
plimented:  in  that  year  removed  to  Missouri;  in 
1866  started  a  paper  at  Chillicothe,  Missouri,  called 
the  Hpi'cfnfin;  and,  while  editing  that  journal  and 
practicing  law,  was,  in  1868,  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  died  at  his  home 
in  October,  1872. 

Astor,  "William  "Waldorf;  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  March  31,  1848;  was  chiefly  educated  by 
private  tutors  at  his  home,  and  in  Europe;  graduated 
from  Columbia  College  Law  School  in  1875;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1878;  a 
S^ate  Senator  in  1880  and  1881;  was  appointed  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  Italy  in  1882. 

Atchison,  David  R. ;  was  born  in  Frogtown, 
Fayette  County,  Kentucky,  August  11,  1807;  was 
educated  for  the  bar;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1834 
and  1838.  In  1841  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Platte 
County  Circuit  Court;  during  the  year  1843  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  to  which  position  he 
was  subsequently  elected  for  two  successive  terms, 
serving  until  1855,  frequently  at  the  head  of  impor 
tant  committees,  and  for  several  sessions  as  President 
pro  tcmpore  of  the  Senate;  upon  his  retirement  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the   Senate  he  turned  his  attention  to  agriculture; 
died  in  1886. 

Atherton,  Charles  G-. ;  was  born  in  Amherst, 
Hillsborough  County,  New  Hampshire,  July  4,  1804; 
graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1822;  studied  law,  but  en 
gaged  in  politics  when  quite  young;  was  for  many 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  New  Hampshire,-  and  for 
three  years  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843:  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1849;  in  November,  1852,  was 
elected  a  Senator  to  till  a  vacancy;  died  of  apoplexy  in 
Manchester,  New  Hampshire,  November  15,  1853. 

Atherton,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Amherst, 
New  Hampshire,  August  14,  1773;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1794;  held  the  office  of  Register 
of  Probate  from  1798  to  1807;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1815  to  1817;  stood  at  the  head  of 
the  bar  in  Hillsborough  County  for  many  years;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  18:23,  and  again 
in  1838  and  1839;  died  in  Amherst,  January  8,  1853. 

Atherton,  Gibson  ;  was  born  in  Licking  County, 
Ohio,  January  19,  1831 ;  graduated  at  Miami  Univer 
sity,  Ohio,   in  1853;  studied  law;  was'  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1855,  and  engaged  in  practice  at   Newark, 
Ohio;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  from  1857  to  1863; 
was  Mayor,  from  1860  to  1864;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  j 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  j 
a  Representative  from  Ohio   to  the  Forty-sixth  and  j 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Atkins,  John  D.  C.;  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
Tennessee,  June  4,  1825;  graduated  at  the  East  Ten 
nessee  University  in  1846;  studied  law;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1849,  and  in  1851 ; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1855;  chosen  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1857;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1860;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Fifth  Tennessee 
Regiment  in  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861;  was 
elected  to  the  Confederate  Provisional  Congress  in 
August,  1861,  and  re-elected  in  18(53;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-  fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses; 
in  March,  1885,  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Indian  Affairs. 

Atkinson,  Archibald ;  was  born  in  Isle  of 
Wight  County,  Virginia,  September  13,  1792;  left 
school  at  the  age  of  eighteen;  entered  the  office  of  the 
Clerk  of  the  County  Court,  and  performed  the  duties 
of  copyist,  devoting  his  leisure  time  to  the  study  of 
law,  which  he  completed  at  the  Law  School  of  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  College.  In  1813  joined  the  troops 
at  Norfolk,  as  ensign  of  a  volunteer  company  which 
was  attached  to  the  29th  Regiment,  and  was  at  the 
battle  of  Craney  Island.  Upon  leaving  the  army, 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Smithh'eld,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  from  1815  to* 
1817,  and  also  of  the  House  of  Delegates  and  State 
Senate  for  several  years.  In  1843  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  served  j 
until  1848;  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Naval 
Affairs  and  Commerce;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
his  county  twenty  years,  Mayor  of  Srnithfield,  and 
a  Magistrate.  Died  at  Isle  of  Wight,  January  10, 
1872. 

Atkinson,  Henry  M.;  was  born  in  Wheeling, 
Virginia,  September  9,  1838;  removed  to  Ohio,  in 
1846,  with  his  parents;  was  educated  chiefly  at  the 
Denverson  University,  Ohio,  and  in  Connecticut;  re 
moved  to  Nebraska  in  1857,  and  engaged  in  the  land 


agency  business;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1861;  served  as  Adjutant  of  Cavalry,  and,  in  1864, 
became  Provost-Marshal  for  Southern  Nebraska;  from 
1867  to  1871  was  Register  of  the  Land  Office  in  Ne 
braska;  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  the  law 
and  railroad  building ;  in  1 873  was  appointed  a  Special 
Commissioner  to  Mexico;  in  May,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  Washington. 

Atkinson,  Louis  E.;  was  born  in  Juniata  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  April  16,  1841;  received  a  comrnon- 
school  and  academic  education;  studied  medicine  and 
graduated  at  ttie  Medical  Department  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  the  City  of  NCAV  York  in  March,  1861;  served 
in  the  Union  Army,  as  Assistant-Surgeon  and  Sur 
geon,  from  1861  to  1866;  being  unable  to  practice 
medicine  on  account  of  disabilities  contracted  in  the 
army,  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870, 
and  engaged  in  practice  at  Mifliintown,  Pennsylvania ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty -eighth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Atkinson,  Robert  J.;  was  born  in  Ohio:  in  1854 
was  appointed  from  that  State  Third  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury,  and  remained  in  office  until  1855,  after 
which,  until  his  death,  he  was  engaged  in  the  prose 
cution  of  Claims  before  the  Departments. 

Atkinson,  Theodore  ;  was  born  in  New  Castle, 
New  Hampshire,  December  20,  1697;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1718;  was  Secretary  of  tlu: 
Colony  in  1741,  Chief  Justice  in  1754,  and  Major- 
General  of  Militia  in  1769,  but  the  Revolution  de 
prived  him  of  all  these  offices;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Congress  at  Albany  in  1754,  and  was  one  of  the  Com 
mittee  that  drew  up  the  plan  of  Union  for  the  defense 
of  the  Colonies;  was  for  many  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  and  Council;  also  held  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  Colonel  of  Militia,  and 
in  active  service  during  the  French  and  Indian  wars; 
was  Collector  of  Portsmouth,  and  Sheriff.  At  his 
death,  he  left  two  hundred  pounds  to  the  Episcopal 
Church  of  New  Hampshire,  the  interest  to  be  spent 
in  bread  for  the  poor.  Died  September  22,  1779. 

At  Lee,  Samuel  John  ;  was  born  in  1738:  com 
manded  a  Pennsylvania  company  in  the  French  war; 
and  in  1776  commanded  an  advanced  battalion  on  Long 
Island;  was  made  prisoner  and  remained  some  time  in 
the  hands  of  the  British;  was  afterwards  a  Commis 
sioner  to  treat  with  the  Indians;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  177rt  to  1782,  and 
one  of  the  Committee  on  the  meeting  of  Pennsylvania 
troops  in  1781.  Died  in  Philadelphia  in  November, 
1786. 

Aulick,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  ap 
pointed  Midshipman  in  the  United  States  Navy,  No 
vember  15,  ]H09;  Master's  Mate  in  the  action  between 
the  Enterprise  and  JJo.ccr,  September  4,  1813;  Lieu 
tenant,  December  9,  181*4;  Commander,  March  3,  1831 ; 
Captain,  September  8,  1841;  Commodore  on  retired 
list,  July  16,  1862;  commanded  sloop  I'incenncs  in, 
1837;  East  India  squadron  in  1852  and  1853;  in  1851 
was  empowered  to  obtain  permission  to  purchase  sup 
plies  for  the  United  States  steamers  in  .Japan,  and 
to  negotiate  a  treaty  of  amity  and  commerce  with 
that  Empire;  commenced  the  important  work  which 
was  completed  by  Commodore  M.  C.  Perry. 

Austin,  Archibald  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Austin,  Horace;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1831;  received  an  academic  education;  taught  school; 
removed  to  Maine,  and  there  studied  law;  in  1856 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


17 


removed  to  Minnesota,  where*  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession;  served  as  a  Captain,  under  General  Sibley, 
against  the  Indians  in  1863;  in  1864  was  elected  a 
District  Judge;  in  1809  was  elected  Governor  of  Min 
nesota,  and  re-elected  for  a  second  term;  on  account 
of  his  health  he  retired  to  private  life  until  1876, 
when  he  was  appointed  Third  Auditor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  in  Washington. 

Averett,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  resident  of  Halifax  County;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  the  Third  District  in  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1853,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  on  Revisal,  and 
Unfinished  Business. 

Averill,  John  T. ;  was  born  in  Alna,  Maine, 
March  8,  1825;  completed  his  studies  at  the  Maine 
Wesleyan  University;  was  a  manufacturer;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  of  Minnesota  in  1858  and  1859 ; 
entered  the  Union  Army  in  1862  as  Lieutenant-Colo 
nel  of  the  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  was  mus 
tered  out  in  1865,  as  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Avery,  Benjamin  P.;  was  born  in  New  York 
city  in  1829;  received  a  good  English  education; 
learned  the  art  of  wood-engraving;  removed  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849  and  had  some  experience  among  the 
miners;  in  1856  established  a  weekly  paper,  at  North 
San  Juan,  called  the  Hydraulic  Press;  in  1860  joined 
the  Marysville  Appeal  as  assistant  editor;  in  1861  was 
chosen  State  Printer;  was  subsequently  connected 
with  the  San  Francisco  Bulletin;  in  1872  became  the 
editor  of  the  Overland  Monthly;  in  1874  was  appointed 
Minister  to  China.  Died  in  Pekin,  November  8, 1875. 
He  had  the  reputation  of  being  a  bold,  forcible,  and 
elegant  writer,  and  was  in  every  way  a  man  of  culture; 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  San  Francisco  Art 
Association. 

Avery,  Daniel ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1811  to  1815;  and 
again,  from  1816  to  1817.  Resided  in  Cayuga  County. 

Avery,  William  T. ;  was  born  in  Maury  County, 
Tennessee,  November  11,  1819 ;  early  in  life  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources  for  education  and 
support;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Tennessee  in  1843;  held  several 
creditable  positions  in  his  native  State;  was  chosen  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department,  and  on  Private  Land  Claims.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Axtell,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Ohio,  October  14,  1819;  was  educated  at  Oberlin,  and 
Western  Reserve  Colleges;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
emigrated  to  California  in  1851;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  that  State  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce  and  Weights  and  Measures.  In  1874  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Utah ;  in  1875  was  appointed  to 
the  same  position  in  New  Mexico;  in  1876  was  se 
lected  as  one  of  the  Judges  at  the  Centennial  Exhi 
bition;  in  1882  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Mexico. 

Aycrig'g',  John  B. ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jer 
sey  from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
in  the  Treasury  Department,  and  the  Joint  Commit- 

2 


tee  on  the  Library,  and  on  Invalid  Pensions;  in  1844 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  candidate  for  elec 
tion  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  but,  although  he 
came  with  the  ' '  Broad  Seal ' '  of  New  Jersey,  was  not 
admitted. 

Ayer,  Richard  S. ;  was  born  in  Waldo  County, 
Maine,  October  9,  1829;  received  a  common  school 
education;  engaged  in  agricultural  and  mercantile 
pursuits;  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  the  Fourth  Maine  Volunteers, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  which  position  he 
held  for  three  years,  serving  at  the  first  battles  of 
Bull  Run,  Seven  Pines,  and  Malvern  Hill;  in  1865 
removed  to  Virginia;  in  1867  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  Virginia  Constitutional  Convention  ;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  several 
committees. 

Babbitt,  Elijah ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1796;  received  a  common  school  and  aca 
demic  education,  in  the  States  of  New  York  and  Penn 
sylvania;  studied  law  in  the  latter  State,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1824;  was  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  the  State  in  1833;  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1836  and  1837;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1844 
and  1845;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress. 

Babcock,  Alfred ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1841  to  1843,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Babcock,  Leander;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Babcock,  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Accounts. 

Baber,  Ambrose ;  was  a  citizen  of  Georgia,  and, 
in  1841,  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Sardinia,; 
remaining  there  until  1843. 

Bache,  Alexander  Dallas ;  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  July  19,  1806;  graduated  at  West  Point  in 
1825;  served  there  one  year  as  Assistant  Professor; 
was  Lieutenant  of  Engineers  until  his  resignation  in 
1829 ;  engaged  in  constructing  Fort  Adams  and  other 
works  at  the  entrance  of  Narragansett  Bay;  from  18271 
to  1832  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania;  then  took  charge  of  the  organi 
zation  of  Girard  College;  spent  some  time  in  1836 
inspecting  the  great  schools  of  Europe,  publishing 
upon  his  return  a  valuable  work  on  the  subject;  in 
1839  resigned  his  connection  with  this  college;  in 
1841  was  made  Principal  of  the  Philadelphia  High 
School;  in  1843  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
United  States  Coast  Survey;  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  Promotion  of 
Science;  in  1855  was  made  President  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society;  was  an  active  and  efficient 
member  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission 
throughout  the  Civil  War;  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  New  York 
in  1836;  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1837, 
and  by  Harvard  University  in  1851;  in  1846  was  made 
Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  in  1833  edited 
Brewster's  "Optics,"  with  notes;  in  1840  to  1845 
published  "Observations"  at  the  Observatory  of 
Girard  College;  in  1834,  Report  of  Experiments  to 
navigate  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal  by 
steam.  Died  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  February 
17,  1867. 


18 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Bachman,  Reuben  KL. ;  was  born  at  Williams, 
Pennsylvania,  August  6,  1834;  passed  his  boyhood 
upon  his  father's  farm;  received  a  common  school 
education;  taught  school  for  a  few  years;  afterwards 
engaged  in  mercantile  and  milling  business  at  Dur 
ham,  Pennsylvania;  held  no  public  office  prior  to  his 
election  as  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Backus,  Henry  T.;  was  a  native  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut ;  received  a  liberal  education;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  removed  to  Detroit  in 
Michigan,  where  he  was  for  many  years  devoted  to 
his  profession ;  was  subsequently  appointed  an  Asso 
ciate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Arizona. 

Bacon,  Ezekiel;  was  born  in  Stockbridge,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  1,  1776;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1794;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1805  and  1806;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1807  to  1813;  Chief  Justice 
of  Common  Pleas  in  1813;  First  Comptroller  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  from  1813  to  1815;  removed 
to  Utica,  New  York,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1821.  In  1843  published 
' '  Recollections  of  Fifty  Years  Since. ' '  Died  in  Utica, 
October  18,  1870. 

Bacon,  John ;  was  born  in  Canterbury,  Connect 
icut,  in  1737;  graduated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  1765;  studied  theology;  after  preaching  for  a  time 
in  Maryland,  removed  to  Massachusetts,  and  settled 
in  Boston.  Owing  to  some  difficulties  with  his  con 
gregation,  he  relinquished  the  ministry,  and  subse 
quently  held  the  positions  of  magistrate,  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature,  Presiding  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  a  member  and  President  of 
the  State  Senate,  and  that  of  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1801  to  1803.  Died  in 
Berkshire  County,  October  25,  1820. 

Bacon,  John  E.;  was  born  in  Edgefield  County, 
South  Carolina,  in  1830;  received  a  thorough  academic 
education  and  afterwards  entered  the  South  Carolina 
College,  at  Columbia,  in  that  State,  from  which  in 
stitution  he  graduated  with  high  honor;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1857  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Secretary  of  Legation  at  St.  Petersburg, 
Russia;  resigned  in  1859  and  returned  to  South  Car 
olina;  in  1860  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a 
private ;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Major;  after  the  close  of  the  war  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  State;  in  1868  was 
elected  District  Judge;  in  1870  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Congress;  in  1872  removed  to  Columbia, 
South  Carolina;  in  1878  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  devoted  himself  to  se 
curing  the  re-establishment  of  the  South  Carolina 
College,  which  end  he  accomplished  after  a  long  and 
laborious  struggle;  was  several  times  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  County  and  State  Executive  Commit 
tees;  in  1884  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  April, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United 
States  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Paraguay  and  Uruguay. 

Bacon,  William  Johnson ;  was  born  at  Wil- 
liamstown,  Massachusetts,  February  18,  1803;  re 
moved  to  Utica,  New  York,  in  1814;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1822;  studied  law  in  Utica  and 
finished  his  legal  education  at  the  Litchfield  Law 
School  in  1824;  was  appointed  Corporation  Counsel 
for  the  city  of  Utica  in  1837;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly  in  1850;  was  elected  a  Trustee  of 
Hamilton  College  in  1851;  in  1853  was  elected  a 


Justice  of  the  Supreme.  Court  of  the  State  for  a  term 
of  eight  years,  and  was  re-elected,  serving  until  1870; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Badger,  George  E. ;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Newbern,  North  Carolina,  in  1795;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1813;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  1816;  in  1820  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  position  he  re 
signed  in  1825;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
by  President  Harrison,  in  1841 ;  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  in  1846,  and  re-elected  in  1849  for  a  term 
of  six  years,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Military 
and  Naval  Affairs;  was  subsequently  wholly  devoted 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  visiting  Washington 
occasionally  to  argue  cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States;  died  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 
May  11,  1866. 

Badger,  Luther;  was  born  in  Partridgefield, 
Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  April  10,  1785; 
removed  to  Broome  County,  New  York,  in  1786. 
Having  made  sufficient  progress  in  the  common 
branches  of  an  English  education,  entered  Hamilton 
College  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and  spent  two  years 
there.  In  1807  commenced  the  study  of  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1812,  and  continued  to  practice 
his  profession  until  1824,  when  he  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Nineteenth  Congress;  had  been 
engaged  in  military  services  in  his  State,  and  in  1819 
was  appointed,  by  Governor  Clinton,  Judge-Advocate 
for  the  Twenty -seventh  Brigade  of  Infantry  of  New 
York  State,  which  office  he  held  for  eight  years.  In 
1832  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  in  1840  was 
appointed  Examiner  in  Chancery  and  Commissioner 
of  United  States  Loans,  which  office  he  held  for  three 
years.  From  1846  to  1849  was  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  New  York. 

Badger,  William ;  was  born  in  Gilmanton,  New 
Hampshire,  January  13,  1779;  his  youth  was  passed 
in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  from  1810  to  1812,  and  of  the  Senate  from  1814 
to  1816;  President  of  that  body  in  1816;  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1816  to 
1821;  High  Sheriff  of  Stafford  County,  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1822  to  1832;  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1834  to  1836;  died  September  21,  1852. 

Baer,  George  ;  was  born  in  Frederick,  Maryland; 
was  engaged  in  various  branches  of  business:  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1797 
to  1801,  and  again  from  1815  to  1817;  died  in  Fred 
erick  at  an  advanced  age. 

Bagby,  Arthur  P. ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  in 
1794;  was  liberally  educated;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  and  settled  in  Alabama  in  1818;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1820  and  1822,  and  was 
Speaker  of  the  House;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1837  to  1843;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1842  to  1849.  His  last  public  posi 
tion  was  that  of  Minister  to  Russia,  to  which  he  was 
appointed  in  1848;  died  of  yellow  fever,  at  Mobile, 
September  21,  1858. 

Bagby,  John  C. ;  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Barren 
County,  Kentucky,  January  24,  1819;  was  educated 
at  Bacon  College;  studied  law  and  went  to  the  bar  in 
1846;  in  that  year  removed  to  Rushville,  Illinois, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession;  in  1874,  without 
seeking  the  nomination,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Bagley,  George  A. ;  was  born  in  Watertown, 
Jefferson  County,  N^w  York,  July  22,  1826;  received 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1847;  practiced  for  six  years, 
when  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  and 
machinery;  was  Supervisor  of  the  town  of  Water- 
to  \vn  a  number  of  years,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  of  Jetferson  County;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress  as  a  Representative  from  New 
York;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Bagley,  John  H.,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Hudson,  New 
York,  November  26,  1832;  received  a  common-school 
education;  in  1851  went  to  California  and  engaged  in 
mining  and  other  pursuits;  returned  to  New  York 
and  engaged  in  steam-boating  on  the  Hudson  River; 
settled  at  Catskill,  New  York,  as  a  merchant;  served 
lour  terms  as  Supervisor  of  the  town;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  also  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

I 

Bagley,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Medina,  Orleans  | 
County,  New  York,  July  24,  1832;  went  to  Michigan 
in  1840,  and  settled  in  Detroit;  received  a  common- 
school  education;  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  and  | 
manufacturing  pursuits;  in   Detroit   held  the  local 
ollices  of  member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  Alder 
man,  and  Police  Commissioner;  in  1872  was  elected 
Governor  of  Michigan,  and  re-elected  to  the  same 
office  in  1874.     Died  July  27,  1881. 

Bailey,  Alexander  H.;  was  born  in  Minisink, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  August  14,  1817;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1838;  studied  and  prac 
ticed  law;  in  1840,  1841,  and  1842  was  Examiner  in 
Chancery  for  Greene  County;  was  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  at  Catskill  for  four  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
8tatc  Assembly  in  1849;  was  Judge  of  Greene  County 
for  four  years  from  1851;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  from  1861  to  1864;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  in  the 
place  of  Roscoe  Conkling,  resigned,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims  and  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Interior  Department.  Re-elected  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  important  Com 
mittees.  Died  in  Rome,  New  York,  April  20,  1874. 

Bailey,  David  J. ;  was  born  in  Georgia ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851 
to  1855. 

Bailey,  Goldsmith  F.;  was  born  in  Westmore 
land,  New  Hampshire,  July  17,  1823;  finished  his 
education  at  the  age  of  sixteen;  became  a  printer  and 
edited  a  country  paper;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1848;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  in  1858  and  I860,  to 
the  Senate  of  the  State ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 
His  health  was  impaired  when  he  took  his  seat  in 
Congress,  and  he  died  at  Fitchburg,  Massachusetts, 
May  8,  1862. 

Bailey,  James  E.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Tennessee,  August  15,  1822;  was  educated  at 
the  Clarksville  Academy,  and  the  University  of  Ten 
nessee;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Clarksville,  Tennessee,  in  1840;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1853;  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  Tennessee  to  lill  the  va 
cancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Andre w  Johnson,  serv 
ing  from  January,  1877,  to  March  3,  1881.  Died  at 
his  home  in  Clarksville,  Tennessee,  December  29, 
1885. 

Bailey,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  at  Little  Compton, 
Rhode  Island;  graduated  at  Brown  University,  and 
studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature 
from  1811  to  1814;  a  Judge  of  Probate  from  1814  to 


1835;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Lincoln 
County,  Maine,  from  1835  to  1837,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Expenditures  in  the' 
Post  Office  Department;  was  Collector  of  Customs 
at  Wiscasset,  from  1849  to  1853,  and  died  in  July  of 
the  latter  year. 

Bailey,  John ;  was  born  in  Norfolk  County, 
Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  from  1815  to  1818;  a  clerk  in  the  Depart 
ment  of  State  for  six  years;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1823  to  1831,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  State  Department;  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1831  and  1834;  died  at  Dorchester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  June  16,  1835. 

Bailey,  John  M.;  was  born  at  Bcthleham,  New 
York,  August  24,  1838;  graduated  at  Union  College 
in  1861;  studied  law;  in  1862  entered  the  Union 
Army  as  First  Lieutenant;  in  1864  commenced  the 
practice  of  law ;  was  Assistant  District  Attorney  of; 
Albany  County,  New  York,  in  1865,  1866,  and  1867; 
was  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  four  years;  in  1874 
was  elected  District  Attorney,  and  served  three 
years ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  T.  J.  Cjuinn;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Bailey,  Theodoms;  was  born  in  1752;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1793 
to  1797,  and  again  from  1799  to  1803;  was  a  Senator1 
in  Congress  from  1803  to  1804,  when  he  resigned  and , 
was  appointed  Postmaster  of  New  York  city.  He' 
died  September  6,  1828. 

Baily,  Joseph ;  was  born  on  the  Brandywine 
battle-ground,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  March 
18,  1810;  received  a  limited  education  through  his 
own  exertions,  on  account  of  the  moderate  circum 
stances  of  his  father,  and  was  early  apprenticed  to  a 
mechanical  business,  which  was  his  first  step  to  emi 
nent  success.  From  1839  to  1845  represented  his 
native  county  in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature, 
and  from.  1850  to  1854  represented  Perry  County  in 
the  State  Senate;  in  1854  was  Treasurer  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con-1 
gress,  serving  on  the  Connnittees  on  Agriculture  and 
Printing;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  Committees;  was  one  of 
the  twelve  Democrats  in  Congress  who  voted  for  the 
Constitutional  Amendment  abolishing  slavery. 

Baird,  Spencer  Fullerton ;  was  born  at  Read 
ing,  Pennsylvania,  February  3,  1823;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College;  in  1846  was  made  Professor  ofc 
Natural  Sciences  in  that  institution;  was  appointed^ 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in 
1850;  was  the  editor  and  translator  of  the  "Icono- 
graphic  Encyclopedia,"  4  vols.,  8  vo,  in  1851;  author  I 
of  papers  on  Zoology,  and  of  reports  on  Natural  His 
tory  collections,  made  by  Stansbury,  Marcy,  and 
Gillis,  of  the  Mexican  Boundary  and  Pacific  Rail 
road  Surveys;  "The  Birds  of  North  America,"  2 
vols.,  4to,  1860;  "Mammals  of  North  America,"  4to, 
1861;  he  has  also  made  many  valuable  contributions 
to  the  publications  of  the  Journal  of  Sciences,  Phila 
delphia,  and  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  His  last 
publications  were  on  the  Natural  History  and  Distri 
bution  of  Fish;  was  appointed  United  States  Commis 
sioner  of  Fisheries;  Avas  a  Government  Commissioner 
to  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Exhibition;  in  1878; 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu 
tion. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Baker,  Caleb ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island;  served  four  years  in  the  New  York  Assembly; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1819  to  1821. 

Baker,  Charles  S.;  was  born  at  Churchville, 
Monroe  County,  New  York,  February  18,  1839;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  at  Caryville  Sem 
inary,  and  at  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary  at 
Lima,  New  York;  was  engaged  in  teaching  for  a  time; 
studied  law  at  Rochester  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  I860;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  was 
one  of  the  first  to  enlist  in  the  Union  Army,  and 
was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  E, 
Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers, 
with  which  he  was  engaged  in  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
!Run,  where  he  was  severely  wounded,  and  compelled 
•to  retire  from  the  service;  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Rochester;  was  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Monroe  County  for 
three  years;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Educa 
tion  of  Rochester  for  two  years,  acting  as  its  Presi- 
'dent  during  his  second  term;  was  an  iinsuccessful 
candidate  for  the  State  Assembly  in  1870;  in  1878 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880  and  1882;  during  his  ser- 
'vice  was  prominent  in  promoting  railroad  reform 
legislation;  in  1880  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in 
1884,  in  the  middle  of  his  Senatorial  term,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

•  Baker,  Conrad  ;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  from 
1867  to  1869. 

Baker,  David  Jewett ;  was  born  in  East  Had- 
dani,  Connecticut,  September  7,  1792;  went  with  his 
parents  to  Ontario  County,  New  York,  in  1800; 
worked  on  a  farm;  graduated  at  Hamilton  College  in 
1816;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

- 1819,  settling  in  Kaskaskia,  Illinois;  had  an  exten 
sive  practice,  and  was  Probate  Judge  of  Randolph 
County;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1830  to  1831, 

I  carrying  through  Congress  the  important  measure  of 
selling  the  public  lands  to  actual  settlers  in  parcels 
of  forty  acres;  was  United  States  Attorney  for  Illinois 
from  1833  to  1841.  He  opposed  the  introduction  of 
slavery  into  Illinois  in  1823  with  such  energy,  that 
his  opponents  tried  to  kill  him;  died  in  Alton,  Illinois, 

;  August  6,  1869. 

Baker,  Edward  D.;  was  born  in  England  ; 
brought  to  this  country  when  a  child,  and  was  early 

•  left  an  orphan  in  Philadelphia.     His  father  was  a 
"weaver,  and  when  a  boy  he  worked  at  that  business 
1  himself;  obtained  an  education  under  many  difficul 
ties;  first  studied  for  the  ministry,  but  soon  turned 
his  attention  to  the  law,  becoming  famous  as  an  ad 
vocate  in  Illinois,   to  which  State  he  emigrated  in 
his  nineteenth  year.     After  serving  in  the  Illinois 
Legislature  for  two  years,  he  resigned,  and,  in  1846, 
went  to  Mexico  as  a  Colonel  of  Volunteers,  acquitting 

;  himself  with  credit  at  Cerro  Gordo;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1849  to  1851, 
after  which  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  building  of 
the  Panama  Railroad ;  in  1852  settled  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  devoting  himself  to  his  profession;  subsequently 
removed  to  Oregon,  which  State  he  represented  as  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  taking  his  seat  in  March,  1861. 
At  the.  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  in  1861,  he  raised 
a  body  of  men  in  Philadelphia,  called  the  California 
Regiment,  and  while  gallantly  leading  them  in  battle 
at  Leesburg,  Virginia,  against  a  superior  force,  was 
shot  from  his  horse  and  killed,  October  21,  1861. 

Baker,  Ezra ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1815  to  1817. 


Baker,  Grafton ;  was  born  in  Virginia  and  re 
moved  to  Mississippi,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Baker,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Monroe,  Butler 
County,  Ohio,  May  6,  1829;  received  his  education 
at  the  Wesleyan  University  of  that  State;  became  a 
teacher,  and  had  charge  of  a  female  seminary  at 
Richmond,  Indiana;  in  1853  purchased  the  Scioto 
Gazette  and  became  its  editor;  in  1855  was  elected 
Secretary  of  State  for  Ohio;  subsequently  removed 
to  Minnesota  and  became  the  Secretary  of  that  State; 
served  as  a  Colonel  in  the  army  in  1862  and  1863; 
was  made  Provost-Marshal  for  the  Department  of 
Missouri,  and  served  as  such  until  the  close  of  the 
Rebellion,  having  been  made  a  Brigadier-General; 
was  then  appointed  Register  of  Public  Lands  at 
Boonville,  Missouri,  holding  the  office  two  years; 
returned  to  his  farm  in  Minnesota;  in  1871  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  resigning  the 
position  in  1875. 

Baker,  Jehu ;  was  born  in  Fayette  County  Ken 
tucky,  November  4,  1822;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law  and  adopted  it  as  a  profession;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department,  and  on  the 
Special  Committee  on  the  Civil  Service.  Re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Education  and  Labor  and  Freedmen's  Affairs;  in 
1878  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Venezuela. 

Baker,  John  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1811 
to  1813.  Died  in  Shepherdstown,  Virginia,  August 
18,  1823. 

Baker,  John  H. ;  was  born  in  Parma  Township, 
Monroe  County,  New  York,  February  28,  1832;  re 
moved,  with  his  father,  to  Fulton  County,  Ohio,  when 
a  child,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  about 
twenty  years  of  age;  was  educated  at  the  winter 
schools  in  the  vicinity;  secured,  by  his  own  efforts, 
three  years'  instruction  in  college;  studied  law,  and 
commenced  practice  in  Goshen,  Indiana,  in  1857;  was 
State  Senator  in  1862;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses. 

Baker,  Osmyn;  was  born  in  Amherst,  Massa 
chusetts,  May  18,  1800;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1822;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1833  and 
1834;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his  na 
tive  State  from  1839  to  1845;  was  State  Councilor  in 
1853  and  1854. 

Baker,  Stephen ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  August  12,  1819;  at  an  early  age  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  from  which  he  retired,  in  1849, 
to  a  country  seat  in  Dutchess  County,  New  York: 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Roads  and  Canals  and  on  Patents. 

Baker,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Lenox,  Madi 
son  County,  New  York,  January  17,  1827;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Oswego  County  in  1829;  received 
his  education  at  the  common  schools;  became  a  me 
chanic  and  then  a  school  teacher;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1851 ;  in  1862  was  elected  District 
Attorney  for  Oswego  County;  re-elected  in  18(56;  in 
1874  was  chosen  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  Forty- fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Balch,  Alfred;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Florida;  in  1840  was  appointed  one  of 
the  United  States  Judges  for  that  Territory. 

Baldwin,  Abraham ;  was  a  native  of  Connecti 
cut;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1772,  and 
from  1775  to  1779  was  a  tutor  in  that  institution. 
Having  studied  law,  settled  in  Savannah,  Georgia; 
soon  after  his  arrival  there,  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Legislature;  originated  the  plan  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Georgia,  drew  up  the  charter,  persuaded  the 
Assembly  to  adopt  it,  and  was  for  some  time  its  Pres 
ident;  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1785  to  1788,  and  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
which  he  duly  signed.  From  1789  to  1799  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia,  and  from 
1799  to  1807  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  part  of  the  time  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Sen 
ate;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  seat 
of  Grovernment  on  the  Potomac.  Died  March  4, 1807, 
aged  fifty-three  years.  He  was  the  half-brother  of 
Henry  Baldwin. 

Baldwin,  Alexander  W.;  was  a  native  of  Ala 
bama,  where  he  was  born  in  1835;  received  a  legal 
education  and  settled  in  Virginia  City,  Nevada;  in 
his  thirtieth  year  was  appointed  United  States  Judge 
for  Nevada;  was  killed  by  a  railway  accident,  at 
Alameda,  California,  November  15, 1869.  His  father, 
Joseph  G.  Baldwin,  was  the  author  of  a  popular  book 
entitled  "The  Flush  Times  of  Alabama  and  Missis 
sippi,"  and  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Cali 
fornia. 

Baldwin,  Augustus  C.J  was  born  in  Salina, 
New  York,  December  24,  1817;  received  a  common- 
school  education ;  having  lost  his  lather  when  young, 
became  dependent  upon  his  own  efforts  for  support ; 
in  1837  emigrated  to  Michigan  and  settled  in  Oak 
land  County;  taught  school,  and  at  the  same  time 
studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1842.  In  1844  and 
1846  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Michigan;  in 
1853  and  1854  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his 
adopted  county;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston 
and  Baltimore  Conventions  of  1860;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture  and  Expenditures  in  the  Interior  De 
partment;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
in  1864;  and  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866. 

Baldwin,  Henry ;  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  in  1779;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1797; 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
froxi  1817  to  1822,  when  he  resigned;  was  a  distin 
guished  lawyer,  and  was  for  many  years  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Died  in  Philadelphia,  April  21,  1844. 

Baldwin,  Henry  P.;  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Rhode  Island,  February  22,  1814;  was  left  an  orphan 
when  a  boy,  and  after  receiving  a  good  education  was 
a  mercantile  clerk  at  Pawtucket  for  eight  years  be 
fore  becoming  of  age,  after  which  he  was  engaged, 
for  several  years,  in  business  on  his  own  account  in 
"VVoonsocket.  In  1838  emigrated  to  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  and,  identifying  himself  with  the  interests  of 
Michigan,  became  President  of  the  Second  National 
Bank  of  Detroit;  was  for  two  years  a  State  Senator; 
in  1868  was  elected  Governor  of  Michigan,  to  which 
position  he  bwv  ght  a  full  store  of  general  informa- 
•tion  gathered  from  foreign  travel  and  the  study  o" 


men  and  books;  re-elected  in  1870  for  a  second  term; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1876;  in  November,  1879,  was  appointed 
United  States  Senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by. 
the  death  of  Zachariah  Chandler,  serving  until  May, , 
1881. 

Baldwin,  John ;  was  born  in  "Windham,  Con 
necticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1825  to  1829,  serving  on  one  standing  com 
mittee  and  one  select  committee. 

Baldwin,  John  D.;  was  born  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  Connecticut,  September  28,  1810;  graduated  at 
Yale  College,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.M. ;  read  law, 
but  never  practiced;  went  through  a  course  of  theo 
logical  studies,  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  published  a  volume  entitled  "Raymond  Hill, 
and  other  Poems."  In  1842  became  associated  with 
the  press,  first  in  Hartford,  and  then  in  Boston,  and 
was  editor  of  the  Daily  Commonwealth,  a  writer 
for  the  Advertiser,  and  subsequently  became  the  pro 
prietor  of  the  Worcester  Spy;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1860;  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ex 
penditures,  on  Public  Buildings,  and  on  Printing;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Expen 
ditures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  was  for  many  years 
particularly  devoted  to  the  study  of  ancient  history, 
and  was  the  author  of  a  work  on  that  subject;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Library.  Died  at  Worcester,  July  8,  1883. 

Baldwin,  Roger  Sherman ;  was  born  at  New 
Haven,  Connecticut,  January  4,  1793;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1811 ;  studied  law  at  Litchfield  Law 
School;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and  estab 
lished  himself  in  practice  at  New  Haven,  where  he 
continued  to  reside.  In  1837  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  re-elected  in  1838,  and  chosen  President  pro 
tempore  of  that  body;  was  a  Trustee  of  Yale  College  in 
1838  and  1839.  In  1840  and  1841  was  a  .Representa 
tive  in  the  General  Assembly;  in  the  latter  year  was 
associated  with  J.  Q.  Adams  in  the  argument  before 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  case 
of  the  Africans  of  the  Amistad.  In  1844  and  1845 
was  Governor  of  the  State;  in  1847  was  appointed, 
and  in  1848  elected,  to  the  United  States  Senate  by 
the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  serving  until  1851; 
subsequently  engaged  in  his  professional  duties;  was 
a  member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861,  and  also  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  that  year;  died  in  New  Haven, 
February  10,  1863. 

Baldwin,  Simeon ;  was  born  at  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  December  14,  1761 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1781 ;  in  1783  was  appointed  tutor  at  the  Col 
lege,  and  continued  in  that  position  until  1786,  when 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Haven,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law.  From  1790  to  1803  was 
Clerk  of  the  District  and  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United 
States;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1803  to  1805,  and  declined  a  re-election ; 
in  1806  was  appointed,  by  the  Legislature,  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  and  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Errors,  and  held  the  office  until  1817;  in 
1822  was  chosen  by  the  General  Assembly  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  locate  the  Farmington  Canal,  and 
was  made  President  of  that  Board;  in  1826  was 
elected  Mayor  of  New  Haven;  in  1830  resigned  his 
onice  as  Commissioner;  died  at  New  Haven,  May  26, 
1851.  He  was  the  father  of  Roger  Sherman  Bald 
win. 


22 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Balestier,  Joseph;  was  a  citizen  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  while  holding  the  position  of  Consul  at 
Singapore,  was  empowered,  in  1849,  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  of  friendship,  commerce,  and  navigation,  with 
the  Government  of  Borneo.  Authorized  to  make  a 
similar  treaty  with  Cochin-China. 

Ball,  Ed-ward ;  was  horn  in  Virginia;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1853  to  1855, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress ;  was 
subsequently  elected  Sergeant-at-Arnis  in  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

Ball,  William  Lee ;  was  horn  in  Lancaster 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1817  to  1824.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  February  28,  1824,  aged  forty-five  years. 

Ballantine,  John  G-.;  was  born  at  Pulaski,  Ten 
nessee,  May  20,  1827;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  from  the  University  of  Nashville  in  1845; 
studied  law,  and  graduated  from  Harvard  Law- 
School  in  1848;  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  engaged  in 
planting;  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1855,  and  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  1860;  served  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army  throughout  the  Civil  War;  settled  at 
Pulaski,  Tennessee,  in  1872;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress, 
never  before  having  been  a  candidate  for  political 
preferment;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Ballou,  Latimer  "W.;  was  born  in  Cumberland, 
Rhode  Island,  March  1,  1812;  received  his  education 
at  the  public  schools  and  academies  in  the  vicinity; 
removed  to  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1828,  and 
learned  the  printing  business  at  the  office  of  the  Uni 
versity  Press;  in  1835  established  the  Cambridge  Press, 
and  continued  in  that  business  until  1842,  when  he 
removed  to  Woonsocket,  Rhode  Island,  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  business;  in  1850  was  Cashier  of  the 
Woonsocket  Falls  Bank ;  was  Treasurer  of  the  Woon 
socket  Institution  for  Savings  lor  twenty-five  years; 
was  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  Convention  of  1872;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Forty -fourth, 
Forty -fifth,  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Bancroft,  George;  was  born  in  Worcester,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1800;  commenced  his  education  at  Exeter 
Academy,  New  Hampshire,  and  graduated  at  Cam 
bridge  University  in  1817;  in  1818  visited  Europe, 
studied  at  Gottingen  and  Berlin,  and  traveled  exten 
sively;  in  1823  published  a  volume  of  poems;  in  1824 
a  translation  of  "Heeren's  Politics  of  Greece;"  be 
came  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Forth  American 
and  other  reviews.  On  his  return  from  Europe  spent 
one  year  as  a  tutor  at  Harvard;  was  at  the  head  of 
the  Round  Hill  School  at  Northampton ;  from  1838  to 
1841  was  Collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  appointed 
by  President  Van  Buren ;  in  1844  was  an  unsuccess 
ful  candidate  for  the  Governorship  of  Massachusetts; 
in  1845  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk,  Secretary 
of  the  Navy;  in  1846  was  appointed  Minister  to  Great 
Britain,  remaining  there  until  1849;  on  his  return  set 
tled  in  New  York  and  became  an  active  member  of 
various  learned  societies.  In  1844  published  the  first 
volume  of  his  "History  of  the  United  States,"  since 
•which  time  nine  additional  volumes  have  appeared; 
in  1855  published  his  "  Literary  and  Historical  Mis 
cellanies;"  in  1865,  by  invitation  of  Congress,  de 
livered,  in  the  Capitol,  an  oration  on  the  death  of 
Abraham  Lincoln;  in  1867  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Johnson,  Minister  to  Prussia.  On  his  return  to 
i  America  settled  in  Washington  City. 


Banister,  John  ;  was  a  delegate  from  Virginia  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1779,  and  signed 
the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

Banks,  John  ;  was  born  in  Juniata  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1793;  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm; 
received  a  classical  education;  studied  law;  came  to 
the  bar  in  1819,  and  settled  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1831  to  1836,  when  he  resigned  to  ac 
cept  the  appointment  of  President  Judge  of  the  Third 
Judicial  District  of  the  State;  in  1841  was  the  Whig 
candidate  for  Governor,  but  failed  to  be  elected;  in 
1847  resigned  the  judgeship  and  became  State  Treas 
urer;  was  subsequently  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  Died  at  Reading,  on  the  3d  of  April, 
1864. 

Banks,  Linn  ;  Avas  born  in  Virginia;  was  for 
twenty  successive  years  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Del 
egates'  of  that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1838  to  1842,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was  found 
drowned  in  a  stream  in  Madison  County,  Virginia, 
February  24,  1842. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P. ;  was  born  in  Waltham, 
Massachusetts,  January  30,  1816,  of  poor  but  respect 
able  parents,  operatives  in  a  factory;  had  no  advan 
tages  but  those  afforded  by  the  common  school,  but 
became  a  lover  of  books  at  an  early  day;  his  first  ven 
ture  before  the  public  was  in  the  capacity  of  news 
paper  editor  in  his  native  town,  and  he  followed  the 
same  pursuit  at  Lowell;  studied  law,  but  did  not 
practice  to  any  great  extent;  in  1848  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  serving  in  both 
houses,  and  officiating  for  a  time  as  Speaker;  was. 
chosen  President  of  the  Convention  held  in  1853  for 
revising  the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts;  was  soon  I 
afterwards  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  serv-  j 
ing  from  1853  to  1857,  when  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Massachusetts  by  a  majority  of  24,000;  during  his 
second  term  in  Congress  was  elected  Speaker  of  the ' 
House,  after  a  remarkable  contest,  and  it  is  said  that! 
not  one  of  his  decisions  was  ever  overruled  by  the 
House;  was  elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts  for  a, 
second  term  in  1858,  and  for  a  third  term  in  Is59; 
during  the  Rebellion  of  1861-'64,  served  in  the  Union 
army  as  a  Major-General  of  Volunteers,  and  saw 
much  service  in  the  field;  in  1865  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  in  the  place  of  D.  W.  Gooch,  resigned,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  death  of  President 
Lincoln,  and  Rules,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  was  also  one  of  the  Represent 
atives  designated  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General 
Scott  in  1866;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia. 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866,  and  of  the  "Sol 
diers'  Convention  "  held  at  Pittsburgh,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth,  Forty-second  and  Forty -fourth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  most  important  commit 
tees;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress:  in 
1879  was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  lor  (lie 
District  of  Massachusetts,  and  was  re-appointed  in 
1883. 

Banning-,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Ohio,  November  10,  1834;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  and  practiced  law  at  Mount  Vcr- 
non,  Ohio,  until  1661,  when  he  enlisted  as  a  private 
soldier;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major-General; 
represented  Knox  County  in  the  Ohio  Legislature  in 
1866  and  1867;  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  the  year 
1869,  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs  ;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-tilth  Congress. 

Barber,  Edward  Wilmot ;  was  born  at  Ben 
son,  Vermont,  July  3,  1828  ;  removed  to  Vermont- 
ville,  Michigan,  in  1839;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  learned  the  printing  business ;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Michigan  House  of  Representatives  from  1857 
to  1863;  was  Clerk  of  Eaton  County  from  1861  to 
1865,  and  Register  of  Deeds  from  1865  to  1867;  was 
Reading  Clerk  of  the  National  House  of  Representa 
tives  during  the  Thirty-eighth,  Thirty-ninth  and  For 
tieth  Congresses;  was  Supervisor  of  Internal  Revenue 
for  Wisconsin  and  Michigan  from  1869  to  1873;  was 
appointed  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  in 
March,  1873,  and  resigned  June  1,  1877,  after  twenty 
years  of  continuous  public  service. 

Barber,  Hiram,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
New  York,  March  24,  1835;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
1846,  and  was  educated  at  the  State  University  at 
Madison;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
was  District  Attorney  of  Jefferson  County,  Wiscon 
sin,  in  1861  and  1862;  was  Assistant  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State  in  1865  and  1866;  removed  to 
Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1866;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Barber,  J.  Allen  ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  ob 
tained  a  liberal  education  at  the  University  of  Ver 
mont;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1833;  in  1837  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin ; 
was  a  member  of  the  first  Constitutional  Convention 
of  Wisconsin  in  1846;  was  elected  to  the  State  As 
sembly  in  1852,  1853,  and  1863,  serving  the  last  year 
as  Speaker;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1856 
and  1857;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  several  Committees. 

Barber,  Levi;  was  born  in  Litchfield  County, 
Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1821  to  1823. 

Barber,  Noyes;  was  born  in  Grotou,  Connecti 
cut,  April  28,  1781 ;  was  in  early  life  a  merchant,  but 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  his  native  State  from  1821  to  1835;  died  at 
Groton,  January  3,  1845.  He  was  a  man  of 'ability, 
and  while  in  Congress  accomplished  much  good  for  his 
native  State,  where  he  was  universally  respected  as  a 
man  and  a  statesman. 

Barbour,  James ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia ;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  Governor  of 
that  State;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1815  to 
1825,  officiating  as  President  pro  tcmpore  of  the  Senate, 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Relations 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  serving  on  other 
important  Committees;  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
War  in  1825,  and  Minister  to  England  in  1828;  died 
in  Orange  County,  Virginia,  June  8,  1842,  aged  sixty- 
six  years. 

Barbour,  John  S. ;  was  born  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia;  was  in  early  life  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  from  1823  to  1833  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Virginia;  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1829  and  1830,  again  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1833  and  1834;  died  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  January  12,  1855. 

Barbour,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Culpepper  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  December  29,  1820;  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  graduated  in  law  at  that  in 
stitution,  and  commenced  practice  in  his  native 


county;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives,  serving  from  1847  to  1851;  was 
elected  President  of  the  "  Orange  and  Alexandria 
Railroad  Company,"  (now  the  "Virginia  Midland 
Railway  Company,")  in  1852,  and  continued  in  that 
position  for  upwards  of  thirty  years;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-seventh 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Barbour,  Lucien ;  was  born  in  Canton,  Connec 
ticut,  March  4,  1811;  graduated  at  Amherst  College 
in  1837,  having  been  himself  a  teacher  while  receiv 
ing  his  own  education;  removed  to  Indiana,  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  at  Indianapolis;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  United  States  District 
Attorney;  acted  a  number  of  times  as  arbitrator  be 
tween  the  State  of  Indiana  and  private  corporations; 
in  1852  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  prepare  a 
code  of  practice  for  the  State;  was  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.;  was  born  in  1779;  waseduca-. 
ted  for  the  law,  in  the  practice  of  which  he  was  sue-' 
cessful;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  Virginia,! 
from  1814  to  1825;  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  in  1821;  in  1825  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Eastern  District  of  Virginia;  was  again  in 
Congress  from  1827  to  1830,  officiating  as  Chairman,' 
of  the  Judiciary  Committee;  in  1836  was  appointed,! 
by  President  Jackson,  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  of  ossification  of  the  heart,  February  25, 
1841. 

Barclay,  David  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Bard,  David ;  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1773;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1799,  and  again  from  180o 
to  1815.  Died  in  Virginia  in  1815. 

Barker,  Abraham  A.;  was  born  in  Lovell,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine,  March  30,  1816;  received  a  com 
mon-school  education,  and  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits;  was  early  a  strenuous  advocate  of  temper-' 
ance  and  anti-slavery;  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in 
1854,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  lumber  and  mercan 
tile  business;  Avas  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Conven 
tion  of  1860;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims.  i 

Barker,  David  ;  was  a  lawyer  l>y  profession :  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1827  to  1829.  Died  in  Rochester,  New  Hamp 
shire,  April  1,  1834,  aged  thirty-seven  years. 

Barker,  Joseph  ;  commenced  his  classical  stu 
dies  at  Harvard  University,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1771;  was  an  ordained  Preaciierol  the  Gos 
pel;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1805  to  1809.  Died  in  1815,  aged 
sixty-four  years. 

Barksdale,  Ethelbert ;  was  born  in  Rutherford 
County,  Tennessee;  received  a  classical  education; 
removed  to  Mississippi  at  an  early  age;  adopted  the 
profession  of  journalism;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Confederate  Congress  for  four  years;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector,  and  President  of  the  Mississippi  College 
of  Electors,  in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative1 
from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  a:id 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


24 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Barksdale,  William ;  was  born  in  Rutherfort 
County,  Tennessee,  August  21,  1821 ;  pursued  a 
partial  course  of  studies  at  the  Nashville  University 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  held  a  commission  in 
the  Staff  of  the  Second  Mississippi  Regiment,  in  the 
Mexican  War,  in  1847;  was  a  member  of  the  Missis 
sippi  Convention  called  in  1851  to  discuss  the  Com 
promise  measures  of  1850;  was  elected  Representative 
from  Mississippi  in  the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth, 
Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 
Joined  the  Great  Rebellion  in  1861,  and  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  in  1863. 

Barlow,  Bradley ;  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Ver 
mont,  May  12,  1814;  engaged  in  agricultural  and 
mercantile  pursuits  until  1858;  removed  to  St.  Albans, 
Vermont,  and  engaged  in  banking  and  other  pursuits; 
served  six  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the  State  Leg 
islature,  and  two  terms  as  State  Senator;  was  twice 
a  member  of  State  Constitutional  Conventions;  was 
County  Treasurer  for  several  years;  was  elected  a 
Eepresentative  from  Vermont  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

Barlow,  Joel;  was  born  in  Reading,  Connecticut, 
March,  1755;  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  Army;  studied  theology;  was  licensed  as  a 
Congregational  minister,  and  from  1778  to  1783  was 
a  chaplain  in  the  army,  varying  his  clerical  duties 
with  the  composition  of  patriotic  songs  and  addresses 
to  keep  up  the  spirit  of  the  soldiers.  About  1781 
delivered,  at  New  Haven,  a  poem  entitled  ' '  The 
Prospect  of  Peace."  Settling  at  Hartford  he  tried 
book-selling;  established  the  American  Mercury,  a 
weekly  paper;  in  1785  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In 

1786  published  a  revision  of  Dr.  Watts'  version  of 
the  Psalms,  containing  some  pieces  of  his  own ;  was 
also  one  of  the  authors  of  the  "  Anarchaid,"  and  in 

1787  published  his  "  Vision  of  Columbus."     In  1788 
visited  Europe  as  agent  of  the  Ohio  Land  Company, 
and   published,   in   aid   of   the  French   Revolution; 
"Advice  to  the  Privileged  Orders,"  "Letter  to  the 
National  Convention,"  and  in  1798,  " Conspiracy  of 
the  Kings,"  a  poem.    In  1792,  as  Deputy  of  the  Lon 
don  Constitutional  Society,  presented  an  address  to 
the  French  Convention,  by  whom  he  was  invested 
with  the  rights  of  a  French  citizen,  and  given  employ 
ment   at  Savoy,    where  he  wrote  his    mock-heroic 
poein,  "  Hasty  Pudding;"  in  1795  to  1797,  was  United 
States  Consul  at  Algiers,  and  negotiated  treaties  with 
Algiers  and  Tripoli;    in  1796  published  his  political 
writings;  in  1799  published  his  letter  to  the  people  of 
the  United  States,  and  endeavored  to  adjust  our  dif 
ficulties  with  France,  and  in  a  memoir  to  the  French 
Government,  denounced  privateering  as  sea-robbery; 
in  1805  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  resided  on 
the  Potomac  near  Washington;  in  1807  published  the 
"Columbiad;"  in  1811  was  Embassador  to  France; 
was  invited,  by  the  French  Minister,  to  a  conference 
with  Napoleon  at  Wilna,  but  died  before  his  arrival 
there,  at  Zarnowicke,  near  Cracow.  Poland,  December 
22,  1812. 

Barlow,  Stephen  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1827  to  1829,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

;  Barnard,  Daniel  Dewey ;  was  born  in  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1797;  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  1818;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  in  New  York,  in  1821;  in  1826  was 
elected  District  Attorney  for  the  County  of  Monroe, 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from  1*39 
io  1845,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  COLU- 


mittee.  In  1850  was  appointed  Minister  to  Prussia; 
devoted  much  attention  to  literary  pursuits,  and  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Col 
leges  of  Geneva  and  New  York.  Died  at  Albany, 
April  24,  1861. 

Barnard,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  January  24,  1811;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1830;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835; 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe  until  1837,  when  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Connecti 
cut,  and  was  twice  re-elected  to  that  office,  during 
which  time  he  effected  a  re-organization  of  the  State 
Common  School  system;  was  four  years  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  School  Commissioners,  and  made  his 
first  annual  report  in  1839;  issued  four  Arolumes  of 
the  Connecticut  Common  School  Journal,  and  continued 
it  from  1850  to  1855;  was  Superintendent  of  Pub 
lic  Schools  in  Rhode  Island,  from  1843  to  1849;  State 
Superintendent  of  School  Architecture  from  1850  to 
1854;  began  the  American  Journal  of  Education  in 
1855;  became  President  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Education;  in  1857  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  the  new  Department  of 
Education  at  Washington;  published  several  works 
on  Education  in  Europe  and  America;  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard  University,  in  1852. 

Barnard,  Isaac  D.;  was  born  at  Aston  Pennsyl 
vania,  1791;  received  an  ordinary  education;  began 
to  study  law  in  Chester  in  1811 ;  was  appointed  Cap 
tain  of  the  Fourteenth  Infantry,  March  12,  1812; 
Major,  June  26,  1813;  was  distinguished  at  Lyons 
Creek,  and  at  the  capture  of  Fort  George  in  1813; 
left  the  army  in  1815;  resuming  his  legal  studies  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  in  1816,  atWestchester;  wassoon 
made  Deputy  Attorney-General;  chosen  State  Sen 
ator  in  1820;  Secretary  of  State  in  1 826 ;  was  United 
States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1827  to  1831. 
Died  at  Westchester,  Pennsylvania,  February  28, 
1834. 

Barnes,  Alanson  H.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
removed  to  Wisconsin  and  practiced  law;  in  1873 
was  appointed  United  States  Associate  Justice  for  the 
Territory  of  Dakota. 

Barnes,  David  Leonard ;  was  a  citizen  of 
Rhode  Island;  in  1801  was  appointed,  by  President 
Adams,  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Rhode 
Island. 

Barnes,  Demas ;  was  born  in  Gorham  township, 
Ontario  County,  New  York,  April  4,  1827;  received 
an  academic  and  classical  education  ;  spent  his 
boyhood  on  a  farm;  became  a  clerk  in  a  country 
store;  subsequently  a  merchant;  in  his  twenty- 
second  year  removed  to  New  York  City,  where 
he  followed  the  drug  and  medicine  business,  with 
branch  houses  in  New  Orleans  and  Montreal. 
After  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Com 
merce,  and  as  President  of  several  incorporated 
companies,  crossed  the  American  Continent  in  a 
wagon,  examining  the  mineral  resources  of  Colorado, 
Nevada,  and  California;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Banking  and 
Currency,  and  Education  and  Labor. 

Barnes,  George  F.;  was  born  in  Richmond 
'ounty,  Georgia,  August  14,  1833;  was  educated  at 
the  Richmond  County  Academy,  in  Augusta,  Georgia 
and  at  the  State  University,  at  Athens,  Georgia' 
graduated  from  the  latter  institution  in  August,  1853- 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February' 
1855,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Atlanta,' 
^eorgia;  in  the  fall  of  1855  was  an  unsuccessful  candi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


25 


date  for  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 

the  State  of  Georgia;  in  1860  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Georgia  House  of  Representatives;  was  three 
times  re-elected;  entered  the  Confederate  army,  as  a 

Lieutenant  of  Artillery,  in  April,  18(51 ;  served  in  that 
capacity  until  the  latter  part  of  the  war,  when  he 
became  a  commander  of  a  battery  of  artillery  on  the 
coast  of  Georgia  and  South  Carolina;  in  1868,  1876, 
and  1880,  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Conventions  of  those  years;  in  1876,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  National  Democratic  Committee,  and 
continued  to  serve  as  such  until  1884;  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Barnes,  William  H. ;  was  born  at  Hampton, 
Connecticut,  in  1843;  in  1852  removed,  with  his  pa 
rents,  to  Illinois;  received  a  liberal  education,  gradu 
ating  from  Michigan  University  as  A.  B.  in  1865; 
studied  4aw;  in  1866  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Jacksonville,  Illi 
nois;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
:in  1871  and  1872;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Conventions  of  1876,  1880  and  1884;  was  a 
member  of  every  Democratic  State  Convention  held 
in  Illinois  between  1865  and  1885;  in  October,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of 
Arizona. 

Barnett,  "William ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1812  to  1815,  when  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  run  the 
Creek  Boundary  line. 

Barney,  John ;  was  a  son  of  Commodore  Joshua 
i  Barney,  and  a  member  of  Congress  from  Maryland 
'•from  1825  to  1827.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of 
|  Columbia,  January  26,  1857,  aged  seventy-two  years. 
He  was  known  in  Washington  society  for  many  years 
as  an  agreeable  gentleman;  left  behind  him  an  un 
finished  record  of  "Personal  Recollections  of  Men 
and  Things, ' '  both  in  this  country  and  Europe. 

Barnitz ,  Charles  A. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  at 
York,  in  that  State,  in  March,  1850. 

Bariium,  "William  H.  ;  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
September  17,  1818;  received  a  common-school  edu 
cation;  when  eighteen  years  of  age  became  engaged 
in  business  pursuits;  was  for  many  years  largely  en 
gaged  in  the  production  of  iron  from  the  ore,  and  in 
the  manufacture  of  car-wheels.  In  1852  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  "Union  National  Convention"  of  1866;  in 
April,  1867,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Manufactures,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses  ;  also  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  various  important  committees;  was 
elected  United  States  Senator  from  Connecticut  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Orris  S.  Ferry, 
serving  from  May,  1876,  to  March,  1879. 

Barnwell,  Robert;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1791  to  1793. 

Barnwell,  Robert  Woodward ;  was  born  in 
South  Carolina;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1821;  studied  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1829  to  1833;  was  President 
of  the  South  Carolina  College  from  1835  to  1843;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  1850,  by  appointment,  to 
fill  'a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Franklin  H. 
Elniore.  In  December,  1860,  was  appointed  one  of 


the  Commissioners  to  visit  Washington  in  behalf  of 
South  Carolina;  served  as  a  member  of  the  "Confed 
erate"  Congress;  after  the  war  was  again  President  of 
the  South  Carolina  College. 

Barr,  John  "W.;  was  born  at  Versailles,  Ken 
tucky,  December  17,  1826;  was  educated  in  the  pri 
vate  schools  of  that  vicinity;  graduated  from  the 
Law  Department  of  Transylvania  University,  Lex 
ington,  Kentucky,  in  1847,  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Versailles;  soon  afterward  removed  to 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  continued  to  prac 
tice  his  profession  until  1880,  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Ken 
tucky;  never  sought,  or  held,  any  political  office. 

Barr,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  near  Coleraine  Coun 
ty,  Antrim,  Ireland,  June  15,  1829;  emigrated  with 
his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1831 ;  received  a 
common-school  education;  engaged  in  railroad  and 
commercial  pursuits;  was  editor  of  the  Harrisburg 
Telegraph  from  1873  to  1878;  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Barr,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  New  York  City  in 
1812;  commenced  life  by  engaging  in  a  variety  of 
pursuits;  from  1835  to  1842  held  the  position  of  a 
landlord  in  New  Jersey;  in  1849  and  1850  was  an  As 
sistant  Alderman  in  the  City  Councils  in  New  York; 
in  1853  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Senate;1 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second  session  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenses  in  the  State  Department ;  subse 
quently  held  an  office  in  New  York  connected  with 
the  Custom  House. 

Barrere,  G-ranville ;  was  born  in  Highland 
County,  Ohio;  received  a  common-school  education; 
attended  college  at  Augusta,  Kentucky,  and  Marietta,  > 
Ohio;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Ohio;  commenced  practice  in  Illinois  in  1856;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims  and  Weights  and 
Measures. 

Barrere,  Nelson ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Barrett,  J.  Richard ;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
removing  to  Missouri,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lauds. 

Barrett,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  was  appointed  in  1861,  from. 
Ohio,  Commissioner  of  Pensions;  in  1868  resigned' 
the  position ;  returned  to  Ohio,  and  associated  him 
self  with  the  newspaper  press  of  Cincinnati. 

Barringer,  Daniel  L.;  was  born  in  Mecklen 
burg  County,  North  Carolina,  October  1,  1788;  had  a, 
good  classical  education ;  studied  law,  and  practiced, 
with  success  in  Wake  County ;  served  in  the  Legisla-, 
ture  of  North  Carolina  in  1813,  and  again  from  1819; 
to  1822;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North. 
Carolina  from  1826  to  1835;  was  a  Presidential  Elec-1 
tor  in  1844;  subsequently  removed  to  Tennessee,  and 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives1 
of  that  State.  Died  October  16,  1852. 

Barringer,  Daniel  Moreau ;  was  born  in  Cab- 
arras  County,  North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina  in  1826;  selected  the  law  as 
a  profession;  commenced  practice  in  1829;  in  that 
year  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 


26 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  which  position  he  continued  for  a  number  of  years ; 
in  1835  was  a  member  of  a  Convention  to  amend  the 
State  Constitution;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  North  Carolina  from  1843  to  1849,  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Minister  to  Spain, 
and  continued  in  that  mission  by  President  Fillmore; 
on  resigning  his  position  as  Minister,  after  serving 
four  years,  traveled  extensively  in  Europe;  on  his 
return  home  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1855>  having  declined  a  re-election,  retired  to  private 
life,  devoting  himself  to  literary  studies  and  pursuits ; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861, 
and  also  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866.  Died  at  the  Green  Brier  Springs, 
Virginia,  September  1,  1873. 

Barren,  H.  D. ;  was  appointed  Fifth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury  in  1869,  and  held  the  office  until  1872. 

Barrow,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  in  1801;  after  completing  his  education 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  soon  after  removed  to  Lou 
isiana,  gave  up  the  practice  of  law,  and  turned  his 
attention  to  planting;  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  Legislature  of  Louisiana:  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1841  tc<  1846.  Died  Decem 
ber  29,  1846. 

Barrow,  Pope ;  was  born  in  Oglethorpe  County, 
Georgia,  August  1,  1839;  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Georgia  in  1859,  and  in  the  law  class  of  that 
institution  of  1860;  commenced  the  practice  of  law; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army;  at  the  close  of  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
Athens,  Georgia;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1877 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1880  and  1881;  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from.  Georgia  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Benjamin  H.  Hill, 
and  served  from  December  5,  1882,  to  March  3,  1883. 

Barrow,  "Washington;  was  a  native  of  Ten 
nessee;  was  a  lawyer  by  education  and  profession; 
in  1841  was  appointed  American  Cliarge  d' Affaires  to 
Portugal;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1847  to  1849,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  for  the  District  of  Columbia.  During  the  Rebel 
lion  was  arrested  by  the  Governor  of  Tennessee  for 
alleged  disloyalty,  but  was  soon  released  by  order  of 
President  Lincoln.  Died  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
October  19,  1866. 

Barry,  F.  G-.;  was  born,  of  Irish  parents,  at  Wood- 
bury,  Tennessee,  January  15, 1845;  received  a  limited 
common-school  education;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  during  the  Civil  War;  settled  in  Mississippi; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Aber 
deen,  Mississippi,  in  1869;  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  West  Point,  Mississippi ;  was  a  State  Senator 
from  1875  to  1879;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
in  1884,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missis 
sippi  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Barry,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  was  principal  of  an 
academy  in  Kentucky  for  two  years;  graduated  at 
the  Columbian  Law  College,  District  of  Columbia; 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private  early  in  the 
Rebellion;  organized  the  first  regiment  of  colored 
troops  raised  in  Kentucky;  commanded  a  brigade  and 
a  division  of  the  army;  was  bre  vetted  twice  for  gallant 
conduct;  was  a  Major-General;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  Mississippi  in 
1867 ;  to  the  State  Senate  in  186H ;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  and  two  subsequent  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Patents,  and  as  Chairman  of 
that  on  the  Post  Office.  Died  in  Washington,  June 
7,  187." 


Barry,  John  S. ;  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1802; 
educated  at  the  public  schools  of  that  State;  while  a 
young  man  went  to  Georgia  and  resided  at  Atlanta; 
subsequently  emigrated  to  the  Territory  of  Michigan 
and  settled  in  the  town  of  Constantino,  where  he  re 
sided  until  his  death.  Although  educated  for  the 
legal  profession,  he  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits.  His  first  public  service  was  rendered  a^s  a 
member  of  the  first  Constitutional  Convention,  in 
which  he  took  a  leading  part;  upon  the  organization 
of  the  State  Government,  was  elected  a  State  Senator, 
and  in  1841  chosen  Governor  of  the  State;  re-elected 
in  1843,  and  also  in  1849;  was  also,  on  two  occasions, 
a  Presidential  Elector.  In  1840  took  a  special  in 
terest  in  the  cultivation  of  the  sugar-beet,  and  with 
a  view  of  obtaining  information  in  regard  to  its  manu 
facture  visited  Europe.  His  last  public  service  was 
as  a  member  of  the  Democratic  Presidential  Conven 
tion  held  in  Chicago  in  1864;  died  in  Constantino, 
January  15,  1870. 

Barry,  William  T.;  was  born  in  Fairfax  County, 
Virginia,  March  18,  1780;  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  as  Speaker;  during  the  years  1810  and  1811 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from.  1814  to  1816;  was  also 
a  member  of  President  Jackson's  cabinet,  as  Post 
master-General  (the  first,  as  such,  admitted  to  that 
honor) :  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Liverpool,  England,  August  30,  1835,  was  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Spain. 

Barry,  "William  T.  S.;  was  born  in  Columbus, 
Mississippi,  December  12,  1821;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1841;  was  a  planter  in  Oktibbeha  County; 
practiced  law  in  Columbus  two  or  three  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from.  1849  to  1851;  re 
moved  to  Sunflower  County;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from.  Mississippi  from  1853  to  1855;  again 
practiced  law  in  Columbus;  was  Speaker  of  the  Leg 
islature  in  1855 ;  seceded  from  the  Charleston  Can-; 
vention  in  1860;  was  President  of  the  Secession  Con-j 
vention  of  Mississippi,  and  member  of  the  Provi-j 
sional  Congress;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861,  and  commanded  the  Thirty-fifth  Mississippi 
Regiment  from  1862  until  captured  at  Mobile  in  18J5; 
afterwards  practiced  law  in  Columbus;  died  in  that 
city,  January  29,  1868. 

Barstow,  G-amaliel  H.;  was  Treasurer  of  the' 
State  of  New  York  from  1825  to  1838;  served  three 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York;  four  years  in 
the  State  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1831  to  1833.  Died  at  Nichols, 
New  York,  in  April,  1865,  aged  eighty  years. 

Barstow,  Gideon ;  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts;  served  in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature  of 
that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1821  to  1823.  Died  in  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  where 
he  had  gone  for  his  health,  March  26,  1852,  aged  six 
ty-nine  years. 

Barstow,  John  L. ;  was  born  at  Shelburn,  Ver 
mont,  February  21,  1832;  received  a  cornmon-sc!i.)ol 
and  academic  education;  resided  in  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  from  1851  to  1855;  returned  to  Vermont;  was 
Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  18 JO; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1854,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Major;  was  made  Brigadier-General  of 
State  troops  at  the  time  of  the  St.  Albans  raid;  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1864  and 
1865;  a  State  Senator  in  1836  and  1868;  was  United 
States  Pension  Agent  at  Burlington,  "Vermont,  from 
1870  to  1878;  in  1880  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go ver- 
nor  for  the  term  of  two  years;  in  1882  was  elected 
Governor  of  Vermont  for  the  term  of  two  vears. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


27 


Barstow,  "William  A. ;  was  bora  in  1811;  was 
Governor  of  Wisconsin  from  1854  to  1856.  When 
.the  Rebellion  commenced;  he  raised  a  regiment  of 
:  cavalry  for  the  war,  and  was  appointed  its  Colonel ; 
rendered  important  service  on  courts-martial  at  St. 
Louis.  Died  at  Leaveuworth,  Kansas,  December  14, 
,  1865. 

Bartlett,  Asa ;  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Bartlett,  Bailey  ;  was  Sheriff  of  Essex  County, 
Massachusetts,  for  many  years,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1797  to  1801, 
having  succeeded  T.  Bradbury. 

Bartlett,  Ichafood  ;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Mer- 
•'rimack  County,  New  Hampshire,  in  1786;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1808;  studied  law,  and  set- 
;tled  in  Portsmouth,  where  he  was  eminently  success- 
-ful  in  his  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1823  to  1829,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  also  fre 
quently  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  member 
.of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution. 
Died  in  Portsmouth,  October  19,  1853. 

Bartlett,  John  Russell ;  was  born  in  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  October  23,  1805;  was  early 
i  placed  in  a  banking-house,  and  was  for  six  years 
Cashier  of  the  Globe  Bank,  Providence;  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Athenrcum,  and  a  member  of  the 
Franklin  Society  for  the  Cultivation  of  Science,  be 
fore  which  he  occasionally  lectured.  In  1837  engaged 
in  an  unsuccessful  business  in  New  York,  and  then 
established  a  foreign  book-store;  was  a  manager  of 
the  New  York  Historical  Society,  and  tt  e  Ethnologi 
cal  Society.  In  1850  was  Commissioner  to  fix  the 
boundary-line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexi 
co  ;  in  1854  published  a  personal  narrative  of  places  vis 
ited;  also,  in  1847,  a  work  on  Ethnology;  and  in  1848, 
"Dictionary  of  Americanisms;  "  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  State  of  Rhode  Island  in  1855;  published 
the  records  of  the  Colony,  in  ten  volumes;  was  Acting 
Governor  in  1861  and  1862;  published  "  Bibliog 
raphy  of  Rhode  Island"  in  1864;  "  Bibliotheca 
'Americana"  from  1865  to  1870;  "Literature  of  the 
.Rebellion"  in  1866;  "  Reminiscences  of  Albert  Gal- 
'latin"in  1849;  "Primeval  Man"  in  1868;  "His 
tory  of  the  Destruction  of  the  Gaspee  "  in  1862; 
"Index  to  the  Acts  and  Resolves  of  the  General  As 
sembly  of  Rhode  Island"  from  1758  to  1862,  and 
other  records  of  the  State. 

Bartlett,  Joseph  J.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York;  in  1867  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Sweden  and  Norway,  where  he  remained  until  1869. 

Bartlett,  Josiah  ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
in  1768;  was  a  physician  of  extensive  practice;  a  Rep- 
;resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1 1811  to  1813;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1792  and  1825. 
iHis  father,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  a  man  of 
note,  and  the  first  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  after 
;the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution;  died  at 
iStratham.  in  that  State,  April  14,  1838. 

Bartlett,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Amesbury,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  November,  1727;  was  educated  for  the 
medical  profession;  held  commissions,  both  military 
; and  civil,  under  the  royal  government;  accompanied 
|  Stark  to  Bennington  as  medical  agent ;  was  a  Delegate 
ifrom  New  Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from.  1775  to  1779,  and  signed  the  Articles  of  Con 
federation  and  Declaration  of  Independence;  was  ap 
pointed,  in  the  latter  year,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court 
,of  Common  Pleas;  Justi  e  o""  the  Superior  Court  in 


1784,  and  Chief  Justice  in  1788;  in  1790  was  ap 
pointed  President  of  New  Hampshire,  and  elected  by 
the  people  in  1791  and  1792;  in  1793  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  under  the  Constitution,, 
serving  two  years;  was  the  President  of  a  Medical1 
Society  established  by  his  efforts  in  1791 ;  died  May 
19,  1795. 

Bartlett,  Thomas,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  1851  to  1853; 
served  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  both 
houses:  was  County  Attorney  in  1839  and  1841; 
President  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 

1850. 

i 

Bartley,  Mordecai ;  was  bom  in  Fayette 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  16.  1783  ;  his 
parents  settled  in  Loudon  County.  Virginia,  in  1794; 
attended  school  during  intervals  from  labor  on  his 
father's  farm;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1809,  and  engaged 
in  agriculture  in  Mansfield,  Richland  County;  was 
Captain  and  Adjutant,  under  Harrison,  in  the  War  of 
1812;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1817  and  1818;  Register 
of  the  Land  Office  from  1818  to  1823;  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1831;  Governor 
of  Ohio  from  1844  to  1846.  During  the  war  with 
Mexico  the  President  issued  a  call  for  troops,  and 
Governor  Bartley  promptly  responded,  although  he 
and  his  party  were  opposed  to  the  war;  he  also> 
superintended  their  organization  in  person,  and  for 
warded  the  full  quota  of  Ohio,  in  obedience  to  what- 
he  thought  his  duty;  was  the  father  of  Thomas  W. 
Bartley;  died  October  12,  1870. 

Bartley,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Ohio,  February  11,  1812;  was  educated  at 
Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania;  graduated  in  Octo 
ber,  1829;  in  1833  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  was- 
conferred  upon  him;  studied  law  in  Washington,. 
District  of  Columbia,  and  commenced  its  practice  ati 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  in  1833;  served  as  State  Attorney: 
four  years,  and  as  United  States  District  Attorney,  for 
the  District  of  Ohio,  four  years;  served  two  years  im 
the  House  of  Representatives,  and  four  years  in  the 
Senate  of  Ohio;  in  1851  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  and  served  in  that  position 
two  terms,  three  years  of  the  time  as  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Court;  on  retiring  from  the  bench  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  for  several 
years,  but  on  account  of  the  ill-health  of  his  family 
in  Cincinnati,  removed  to  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  in  1869,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1844,  when  Governor  Shannon 
resigned  to  become  Minister  to  Mexico,  Mr.  Bartley,. 
as  President  of  the  Senate,  became  the  Governor;  iu 
December  of  that  year  was  himself  si.cce  -ded  by  his- 
father,  Mordecai  Bartley,  who  had  Leeu  regularly 
elected. 

Barton,  David  ;  was  one  of  the  first  emigrants 
to  the  Territory  of  Missouri;  President  of  the  Con 
vention  which  met  to  form  a  State  Constitution  in 
1820;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from 
1821  to  1831,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands;  was  a  man  of  distinguished  talents. 
Died  near  Boonville,  Missouri,  September  28,  1837. 

Barton,  Richard  "W".;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843;  also  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  the  first  President  of  the  Valley 
Agricultural  Society.  Died  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  March  15,  1859. 

Barton,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  York;  served 
three  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1837. 


23 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Barton,  Seth;  was  born  in  Maryland;  in  1845 
•was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  holding  the 
office  until  1847,  when  he  was  appointed  Charge 
<r  Affaires  to  Chili,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
and  returned  to  the  United  States. 

•  Bashford,  Coles ;  was  born  near  Cold  Spring, 
Putnam  County,  New  York,  January  24,  1816;  was 
educated  at  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1842;  in  1847  was 
elected  District  Attorney  for  Wayne  County;  re 
signed  his  office  in  1850,  and  removed  to  Wisconsin; 
in  1852  was  chosen  to  the  Senate  of  that  State;  was 
re-elected,  but  resigned  in  1855;  in  1856  was  elected 
Oovernor  of  Wisconsin;  in  1863  removed  to  Arizona; 
•was  Attorney-General  of  that  Territory  from  1864  to 
1866;  was  a  member,  and  also  President  of  the  Ter 
ritorial  Council;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Arizona  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  Arizona  in  1869. 

Bass,  Lyman  K.;  was  born  in  Alden,  New 
York,  November  13,  1836;  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  in  1856;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profes 
sion  at  Buffalo;  was  elected  District  Attorney  for 
Erie  County  in  1865,  for  three  years;  was  re-elected 
in  1868,  and  served  until  1872;  was  renominated  and 
•declined;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
-  Railroads  and  Canals,  and  Affairs  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Bassett,  Burwell;  was  born  in  New  Kent 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1805  to  1813,  from  1815  to  1819, 
and  from  1821  to  1831. 

Bassett,  E.  D.;  was  born  in  Connecticut,  of 
colored  descent;  after  receiving  some  education,  re 
moved  to  Pennsylvania;  from  Philadelphia,  in  that 
State,  was  appointed,  in  1869,  Minister  Resident  to 
Hayti,  residing  at  Port  au  Prince. 

Bassett,  Richard;  was  a  member,  from  Dela- 
'•ware,  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Constitu 
tion,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1789  to  1793;  a  Presidential  Elector 
'an  1797,  and  was  the  first  man  who  cast  his  vote  for 
locating  the  seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac; 
was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Federal  Supreme  Court; 
•Governor  of  Delaware  from  1798  to  1801;  died  in 
.September,  1815. 

Bate,  William  B.;  was  born  near  Castalian 
Springs,  Sumner  County,  Tennessee,  October  7,  1826; 
received  a  common  school  education,  at  Rural 
Ac;  'emy,  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home;  while  a 
.youth  became  a  clerk  on  a  steamboat,  and  continued 
in  this  capacity  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war 
"•with  Mexico;  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier,  and 
served  as  such  throughout  the  war;  at  its  close  re 
turned  to  his  native  place,  and  became  proprietor  and 
•editor  of  The  Tenth  Legion,  published  at  Gal- 
latin,  Tennessee;  was  soon  after  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  the  Tennessee  Legislature;  on  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  of  service,  entered  the  Law-School  at 
1/ebanon,  Tennessee,  from  which,  in  1852,  he  was 
graduated,  and  immediately  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law  at  Gallatin,  Tennessee;  in  1854  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  his  District,  which  included  the 
Capitol  of  the  State;  served  six  years,  and  declined 
a  renomination ;  during  this  time  was  nominated  for 
Congress,  but  declined  the  nomination;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1860;  on  the  opening  of  the  Civil 
War  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  elected 
Captain  of  his  company,  and,  on  the  organization  of 


the  regiment  of  which  his  company  formed  a  part, 
was  elected  its  Colonel ;  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Shiloh;  on  his  return  to  duty  was  commis 
sioned  a  Brigadier-General;  was  subsequently  twice 
wounded;  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  was  pro 
moted  to  Major-General;  for  a  short  time  prior  to 
the  close  of  the  war  commanded  a  corps;  alter  the 
close  of  the  war  returned  to  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was,  for 
ten  years,  the  Tennessee  member  of  the  Democratic 
National  Executive  Committee;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1876;  was  twice  a  candidate  for  United 
States  Senator,  and,  on  both  occasions,  was  defeated 
by  very  narrow  majorities;  the  first  contest  was 
against  Andrew  Johnson,  and,  upon  one  roll-call,  Mr. 
Bate  was  elected  by  one  vote,  but,  before  the  vote 
was  announced,  one  vote  was  changed,  and  Mr. 
Johnson  was  elected;  in  1882  Mr.  Bate  was  elected 
Governor  of  Tennessee,  and  in  1884  was  re-elected. 

Bateman,  Ephraim ;  was  born  in  Cumberland, 
New  Jersey;  was  well  educated,  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  medicine;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1815  to  1823,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Post  Office  and  Accounts;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1826  to  1829,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture  and  Enrolled  Bills;  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  by  his  own  vote  in  joint  meeting  of  the  Legis 
lature,  and  a  Committee  of  the  Senate  reported  that 
his  election  was  entirely  legal.  Died  January  21, 
1829. 

Elates,  Edward  ;  was  born  September  4, 1793,  at 
I  Bemont,  Goochland  County,  Virginia.  His  educa- 
|  tion  was  commenced  by  his  father,  and  succeeded  by 
j  several  years  of  academic  instruction,  mostly  at  Char- 
I  lotte  Hall,  Maryland,  and  finished  by  an  accomplished 
private  tutor;  in  early  youth  he  declined  a  midship 
man's  warrant,  and  served,  in  1813,  at  Norfolk,  in 
the  Virginia  Militia,  from  February  to  October;  in 
1814  removed  to  St.  Louis;  there  studied  law,  and 
began  to  practice  in  1816.  In  1818  was  appointed 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that  circuit;  in  1820  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention,  and 
was  the  same  year  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
new  State  of  Missouri;  resigned  that  office  in  1822, 
and  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1824  was  appointed,  by  President 
Monroe,  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Missouri  Dis 
trict;  in  1826  resigned,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Missouri,  serving  from  1827  to 
1829;  in  1830  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in 
1834  was  again  elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the 
Legislature;  in  1835,  being  enfeebled  by  sedentary 
labor,  moved  to  the  country,  and  practiced  law  for 
seven  years,  traveling  much  on  horseback  around  the 
prairies;  in  1842  returned  to  St.  Louis;  in  1850  was 
appointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  Secretary  of  War, 
but  declined  the  office;  in  1853  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  St.  Louis  Land  Court,  which  office  he  resigned  in 
1856.  During  that  year  he  presided  at  the  Whig  Con 
vention  of  Baltimore;  in  1858  received  from  Harvard 
University  the  degree  of  LL.D;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  in  President  Lincoln's  Cab 
inet.  Died  in  St.  Louis,  March  25,  1869. 

Bates,  Frederick;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  in  1805,  the  first  United  States  Judge  for 
the  Territory  of  Michigan;  having  subsequently  be 
come  a  citizen  of  Missouri,  was  elected  Governor  of 
that  State,  serving  from  1824  to  1826. 

Bates,  Isaac  C.;  was  born  at  Granville,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1780;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1802; 
studied  law  and  attained  a  high  position  as  an  advo-  ' 
cate;  was  frequently  in  the  State  Legislature  and  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council;  was  a  Kepresenta- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


29- 


tive  in  Congress  from  1827  to  lbJ3;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1841  to  1845,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Pensions.  In  1837  and  1841  was  a 
Presidential  Elector.  Died  in  Washington  City, 
March  16,  1845. 

Bates,  James;  was  bred  a  physician;  was,  for 
some  years,  connected  with  the  Insane  Hospital  at 
Augusta;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Som 
erset  County,  Maine,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post 
Office  Department. 

Bates,  James  "W.;  was  born  in  Goochland  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the 
Territory  of  Arkansas  from  1820  to  1823. 

Bates,  J.  Woodson  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
the  southwest,  and  while  residing  at  the  Post  of  Ar 
kansas  was  appointed  a  United  States  Judge  for  that 
Territory. 

Bates,  Martin  "W.;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  February  24, 1787;  received 
a  good  English  education ;  became  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  having  first  studied  medicine;  removed  to 
Delaware,  and  was  several  times  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  the  State  of  Delaware; 
took  his  seat  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as  a  Sena 
tor  from  Delaware,  serving  from  1857  to  1859  on  the 
Committees  on  Pensions  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Bauvais,  A. ;  was  Acting  Governor  of  Louisiana 
in  1830. 

Baxter,  Elisha;  was  the  Governor  of  Arkansas 
during  a  part  of  the  years  1874  and  1875. 

Baxter,  Henry ;  was  a  citizen  of  Michigan ;  in 
1866  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Honduras, 
where  he  remained  until  1869,  when  he  returned  to 
the  United  States. 

Baxter,  John  ;  was  born  in  Rutherford  County, 
North  Carolina,  March  5,  1819;  was  educated  at  the 
county  seat  of  his  native  county;  was  licensed  to 
practice  law  in  1841;  in  1842  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1844  and  1848;  was  again  in  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1846,  and  from  1852  to  1857,  serving  as  Speaker 
of  the  House  in  1852;  in  1857  removed  to  Knoxville, 
Tennessee;  in  1870  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  in  1877  was  appointed,  by 
President  Hayes,  United  States  Circuit  Judge  for  the 
Sixth  Judicial  Circuit.  Died  at  Hot  Springs,  Arkan 
sas,  April  2,  1886. 

Baxter,  Portus ;  was  born  in  Brownington,  Or 
leans  County,  Vermont;  received  a  liberal  education; 
adopted  the  occupation  of  merchant;  in  1852  and  1856 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Vermont  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  served  on  the  same 
Committee,  and  also  on  that  of  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and 
Agriculture;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  March  4,  1868. 

Bay,  William  V.  N.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
having  become  a  citizen  of  Missouri,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849 
to  1851. 


Bayard,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1767;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1784;  after 
studying  law  at  Philadelphia,  commenced  the  prac 
tice  in  Delaware;  in  1796  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Delaware,  serving  from  1797  to- 
1801,  when  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  France;  in 
1804  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  of 
which  body  he  continued  a  member  until  appointed,, 
by  President  Madison,  in  1813,  a  Commissioner  to  nego 
tiate  a  peace  with  Great  Britain.  The  absence  of  the 
Emperor  from  St.  Petersburg  preventing  the  transac 
tion  of  any  business,  he  proceeded  to  Holland;  lent 
his  able  assistance  in  the  negotiation  of  the  treaty  of 
peace  at  Ghent;  at  Paris  was  apprised  of  his  appoint 
ment  as  Envoy  to  the  Court  of  St.  Petersburg;  this 
he  declined;  tendered,  however,  his  co-operation  in 
forming  a  commercial  treaty  with  Great  Britain,  but 
an  alarming  illness  compelled  him  to  return  to  the 
United  States;  arrived  in  June,  and  died  August  6r 
1815.  He  was  the  son-in-law  of  Richard  Bassett. 

Bayard,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  November  15,  1799;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Delaware  from  1851  to  1864,  and  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  the  Library  and  on  Public 
Grounds.  In  1863  was  re-elected  for  his  third  term, 
but  resigned  in  January,  1864 ;  was  the  son  of  the 
Senator  bearing  the  same  name,  and  a  brother  of 
Richard  H.  Bayard.  In  April,  1867,  was  appointed 
to  a  seat  in  the  Senate  in  the  place  of  George  R.  Rid 
dle,  deceased,  and  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy;, 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 

Bayard,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1787. 

Bayard,  Richard  H.;  was  born  in  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  in  1796;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1814;  was  bred  to  the  law;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Delaware  from  1836  to  1839,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1845;  was  appointed  Charge  d'Ajf'tiires 
to  Belgium  in  1850.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  March  4, 
1868. 

Bayard,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  at  Wilmington,. 
Delaware,  October  29,  1828;  was  chiefly  educated  at 
the  Flushing  School,  established  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  F. 
L.  Hawks;  his  early  training  was  for  a  mercantile* 
lii'e;  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;, 
came  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and,  excepting  the  years 
1855  and  1856,  when  he  resided  in  Philadelphia, 
always  practiced  in  his  native  city.  In  1853  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Dela 
ware,  but  resigned  in  1854 ;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  that  State  for  the  terming  commenc 
ing  in  1869,  and  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Finance,  Private  Land  Claims,  and  Revi 
sion  of  Laws.  On  the  same  day  of  his  election,  his 
father,  James  A.  Bayard,  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Senate  from  the  same  State — the  only  instance  of  the 
kind  which  ever  occurred;  was  re-elected  in  1875, 
and  again  in  1881;  on  March  6,  1885,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Cleve 
land,  and  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate. 

Bayard,  "William;  was  a  Delegate  from  New- 
York  to  the  Colonial  Congress,  held  in  New  York 
City  in  1765. 

Bayley,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Maryland;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1794;. 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State- 
from  1817  to  1823. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Bayley,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1775;  entered  public  life  in  1798,  and  continued 
therein  until  1830;  served  in  both  branches  of  the 
'State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1813  to  1815;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1830.  It  was 
said  of  him  that  he  never  lost  an  election.  Died  in 
Accomac  County  in  1834. 

Baylies,  Francis';  was  born  in  Bristol  County, 
Massachusetts,  October  16,  1783;  was  Register  of 
Probate  in  Bristol  County,  Massachusetts,  from  1812 
to  1820;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1821  to  1827;  was  a  member  of  the 
.State  Legislature  from  1827  to  1832,  and  also  in  1835; 
in  1832  was  appointed.  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Buenos 
Ayres.  He  was  the  author  of  "A  History  of  the 
Plymouth  Colony."  Died  October  28,  1852. 

Baylies,  "William  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1760;  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Con 
gress  in  1775;  often  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
•State  Council;  served  many  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1801;  and  a 
Uepresentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1805  to  1809,  when  his  seat  was  successfully  contested 
by  Charles  Turner.  Died  at  Dighton,  Massachusetts, 
June  17,  1826,  aged  eighty-two  years. 

Baylies,  "William ;  was  born  in  Dighton  Massa 
chusetts,  September  15,  1776;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1795;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1799;  held  a  number  of  local  offices;  was  a  Rep- 
1  resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1 1813  to  1817,  and  again  from  1833  to  1835,  serving  on 
important  Committees;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1830  and  1831;  died  in  Taunton,  Massachu 
setts,  September  27,  1865.  His  father,  bearing  the 
-same  name,  was  also  in  Congress. 

Baylor,  R.  B.  B.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Alabama,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Henry ;  was  born  in  Accomac 
County,  Virginia,  in  1810;  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1830.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-oix  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Gen- 
-eral  Assembly  of  Virginia ;  and  was  re-elected  five 
years  in  succession.  While  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  was  elected  by  that  body  a  Brigadier-General 
of  the  Militia  of  Eastern  Virginia;  resigned  his  seat, 
find  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Superior  Court 
•of  Law.  In  1844  resigned  his  seat  on  the  bench,  and 
was  elected  to  the  National  House  of  Representatives, 
from  the  Accomac  District,  and  continued,  by  suc 
cessive  elections,  a  member  of  the  House  for  twelve 
years,  until  the  time  of  his  death;  during  the  Thirty- 
lirst  Congress  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  of  Ways  and  Means.  He  lived  and  died  on  the 
same  spot  where  his  ancestors  from  England  landed 
in  1666,  and  where  they  established  the  family  home; 
•commanded  the  same  brigade  which  his  grandfather 
had  commanded,  and  held  the  same  seat  in  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  of  his  State,  and  in  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives,  which  his  father  had  occupied  before 
Trim';  died  June  22,  1856,  aged  forty-five  years. 

Bayne,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  at  Allegheny 
City,  Pennsylvania,  June  14,  1836;  was  educated  at 
the  public  schools  and  at  Westminster  College;  served 
in  the  Union  Army  as  Colonel,  during  the  war  of  Re 
bellion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1866;  was  District  Attorney  for  Allegheny  County  from 
1870  to  1874;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  a 
seat  in  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eight  Congreses; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


Beach,  Lewis ;  was  born  in  the  City  of  New- 
York,  March  30,  1835;  graduated  at  the  Yale  Law 
School  in  1856;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com 
menced  practice  in  New  York  City  the  same  year;' 
in  1861  removed  to  Orange  County,  New  Yo*rk,  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  the  practice,  of  law;  was  also 
a  contributor  to  the  press;  was  Supervisor  of  the 
town  of  Cornwall  in  1869;  was  a  member,  and  Treas 
urer,  of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee 
from  1877  to  1879;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress.  Died,  at  his  home  in  Cornwall,  New 
York,  August  11,  1886. 

Bsale,  Charles  L.;  was  born  in  Canaan,  Colum 
bia  County,  New  York,  March  5,  1824;  was  prepared 
for  college  by  a  private  tutor,  and  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1844;  studied  law  at  Kinderhook,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  for  several  years  a 
member  of  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee 
of  New  York;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  from  New  York,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds;  in  1864  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1836,  and  also  to  the  "  State  Repub 
lican  Convention"  of  1867. 

Beale,  Edward.  F.;  was  a  resident  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  in  1875  was  appointed  United 
States  Minister  to  Austria. 

Beale,  James  M.  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1833  to  1837,  and  from  1849  to  1853. 

Beale,  B.  L.  T.;  was  born  at  Hickory  Hill,  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia,  May  22,  1819;  his  educa 
tion  was  chiefly  obtained  at  Northumberland  Acad 
emy;  spent  a  short  time  at  Dickinson  College,  Peun-  ' 
sylvania;  in  1836  commenced  the  study  of  law;  in 
1838  graduated  in  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia; 
was  licensed  to  practice  in  1839;  in  1846  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thir 
tieth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Militia;  declined  a  re-election  at  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the  Reform 
Convention  of  Virginia;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  was  again  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress;  upon  the  death  of  B.  B. 
Douglas,  in  December,  1878,  was  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy  in  the  Forty-fifth  Congress  caused  thereby.  : 

Beall,  Bezin;  was  an  officer  in  Wayne's  army, 
with  Harrison  and  Van  Rensselacr;  occupied  various 
public  stations  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1813  to  1814,  when  he  re 
signed.  Died  at  Wooster,  Ohio,  February  20,  1843, 
aged  seventy-three  years. 

Beaman,  Fernando  C.;  Avas  born  in  Chester, 
Windsor  County,  Vermont,  June  28,  1814;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  New  York  when  a  boy;  was  left 
an  orphan  at  the  age  of  fifteen;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education  at  the  Franklin  County  Academy: 
studied  law  in  Rochester;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1838,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
was  for  six  years  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Lenawee 
County;  was  Judge  of  Probate  for  four  years;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in  1860  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and . 
Canals;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  , 
served  on  the  same  Committee,  and  also  on  that  on  : 
Territories;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Territories,  the  Death 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


31 


of  President  Lincoln,  and  Frauds  on  the  Revenue, 
and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Roads  and  Canals;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Recon 
struction  and  Appropriations. 

Bsan,  Banning,  M.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1782;  occupied  a  seat  in  the  State  Legislature 
for  five  years,  and  was  President  of  the  Senate  in 
1832;  was  a  State  Councilor  in  1829;  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1833  to  1837,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture.  Died  at 
Moultonborough,  New  Hampshire,  February  9,  1866. 

Baan,  Curtis  C.J  was  born  at  Farn worth,  New 
Hampshire,  January  4, 1828;  was  educated  at  Phillips 
Academy,  Exeter,  New  Hampshire;  settled  in  Tennes 
see  and  studied  law  there;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1865  and,  in  the  same  year,  was  appointed, 
by  Governor  Brownlow,  Attorney-General  for  the 
Eleventh  Judicial  Circuit  of  Tennessee;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1866  and  1 867 ; 
in  1868,  removed  to  Arizona  Territory  and  settled  at 
Prescott;  was  a  member  of  the  Upper  House  in  the 
Territorial  Assembly  in  1879;  in  1884,  was  nominated 
by  acclamation  and  was  elected  Delegate  from  Arizona 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Beardsley  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Knox  County, 
Ohio,  February  18,  1830;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  re 
ceived  a  common-school  and  academic  education,  and 
attended  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  one  year; 
taught  school;  studied  medicine;  graduated  at  the 
Eclectic  Medical  College,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in 
1855,  and  settled  in  Iowa;  practiced  medicine  at 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  until  1861  ;  was  editor  of  the 
Herald,  at  that  place,  from  1858  to  1865;  and  of  the 
Burlington  Hawkeye,  from  1865  to  1874;  was  a  member 
of  the'  State  Senate  in  1870,  1872,  and  1873;  in  1879 
was  appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Fourth  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury,  at  Washington. 

B  3ardsley ,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Otsego  County, 
New  York;  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  settled  at  Rom  -,  Oneida  County,  and  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  of  the  same ;  held  the  post  of  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  WuS  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Oneida  County,  New  York,  to  the 
Twenty-second,  Twenty-third,  and  a  part  of  the 
Twenty-fourth,  and  Twenty-eighth  Congresses,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary; 
also  held  the  office  of  State  Senator  in  1823,  and  those 
of  Assistant  Justice  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  and  the  Federal  appointment  of 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  New  York;  died 
at  Utica,  New  York,  May  6,  1860. 

Bsatty,  John;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1769;  studied  medicine;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1783  to  1785;  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1793  to  1795; 
died  at  Trenton,  April  30,  1826,  aged  seventy-seven 
years. 

Bsatty,  John;  was  born  in  Sandusky  City,  Ohio, 
in  1828;  received  a  good  English  education;  engaged 
in  the  banking  business  at  Cardington;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1860.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Rebellion  entered  the  Third  Ohio  Infantry  as  a 
private,  but  was  at  once  electe.l  Captain,  soon  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  as  such 
participated  in  several  of  the  battles  in  West  Vir 
ginia;  as  Colonel  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the 
campaigns  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama; 
headed  his  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Perrysville; 
commanded  a  brigade  at  Murfreesboro',  where  he 


had  two  horses  killed  under  him;  as  a  Brigadier-' 
General  commenced  the  fighting  at  Chickamauga;  ini 
1864,  for  private  reasons,  retired  from  the  ariny;  in; 
January,  1868,  was  elected  a  Representative  from; 
Ohio  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  for  the  unexpired" 
term  of  C.  S.  Hamilton,  unfortunately  killed  by  his 
insane  son;  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  other  important  Committees. 

Beatty,  Martin ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835. 

Beatty.  William;  was  born  in  Ireland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1837  to  1841. 

Beaumont,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  Pennsylva-' 
nia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1833  to  1837;  appointed,  in  1846,  Commissioner 
of  Public  Buildings  tor  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
held  the  position  until  1847.  Died  at  Wilkesbarre, 
Pennsylvania,  October  30,  1853. 

Bebb,  "William;  was  born  in  Butler  County, 
Ohio,  in  1802;  received  a  good  education;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Ohio  from  1846  to  1848.  Died  at  Rockford, 
Illinois,  October  24,  1873. 

Beck,  Erasmus  W.;  was  born  in  McDonough,  - 
Georgia,  October  21,  1833;  educated  at  Mercer  Uni 
versity,  in  that  State;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Georgia  in  1856;  practiced  his  profession  there;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress  in  the  place  of 
Thomas  J.  Speer,  deceased,  being  the  first  public 
office  for  which  he  was  ever  a  candidate. 

Beck,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Dumfriesshire, 
Scotland,  February  13,  1822;  received  a  classical  ed 
ucation;  emigrated  to  this  country  when  sixteen 
years  of  age;  graduated  at  Transylvania  University, 
Kentucky,  in  1846;  subsequently  devoted  his  whole 
attention  to  the  practice  of  law;  in  1867  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction; 
re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  various  important  Committees,  including  that 
on  Appropriations;  declined  a  further  re-nomination; 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  Kentucky 
for  the  term  of  six  years,  from  March  4,  1877;  was 
re-elected  for  a  second  term  of  six  ye  nrs. 

Beckley,  John  ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  had 
the  honor  of  holding  as  first  incumbent  two  offices 
under  the  Government,  viz. :  that  of  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  from  1789  to  1797,  and  also 
from  1801  to  1807,  and  that  of  Librarian  of  Congress 
from  1802  to  1807. 

Bedford,  Gunning-;  was  born  in  Philadelphia; 
was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  French  War  in  1755;  Major 
in  1775;  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  Hasler's  Regiment  in 
1776;  was  wounded  at  White  Plains;  subsequently 
appointed  Muster-Master-General  in  1776;  was  a  Del-  ' 
egate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to  1785; 
Governor  of  Delaware  in  1796  and  1797.  Died  at  New 
Castle,  Delaware,  September  30,  1797. 

Bedford,  Gunning,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1747;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1771;  practiced  law  at  Dover,  and  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  Attor 
ney-General  of  the  State ;  a  Delegate  to  the  Continen- ' 
tal  Congress  in  1785  and  1786;  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Federal  Constitution;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1789  and  1793;  was  United 
States  District  Judge  from  1789  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Wilmington,  Delaware,  March  30, 
1812.  Cousin  of  Gunning  Bedford. 


32 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Bedinger,  George  M. ;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  one  of  the  earliest  emigrants  to  Kentucky;  served 
as  Adjutant  in  the  expedition  against  Chilicothe  in 

•  1779;  as  Major  at  the  battle  of  Blue  Licks  in  1782; 
did  good  service  throughout  the  war  as  an  Indian 
spy;  led  a  battalion  from  Winchester,  Virginia,  under 
St.  Clair,  in  his  expedition  in  1791;  was  Major 

1  of  United  States  Infantry  from  April,  1792,  to  Febru- 

:  ary,  1793;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature 
in  1792;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 

;froni  1803  to  1807;  spent  the  close  of  his  life  in  re 
tirement,  and  died  at  Lower  Blue  Licks,  Kentucky, 
in  1830. 

Bedinger,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Virginia  ;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1845  to  1849,  where  he  was  distinguished 
for  his  eloquence  as  a  debater.  In  1853  was  ap 
pointed  Charge  iVAffaires  to  Denmark,  afterwards 
Minister  Resident;  returned  home  in  the  autumn  of 
1858.  Died  of  pneumonia  at  Shepherdstown,  Vir 
ginia,  November  26,  1858.  During  his  residence  in 
Denmark  he  was  successful  in  bringing  about  the 
treaty  abolishing  the  Sound  Dues. 

Bedle,  Joseph  Dorset;  was  born  in  Mattawan, 
Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  January  2,  1831; 
graduated  at  the  Ballston  Law  School,  New  York; 
came  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  his  profession  at  Mat 
tawan;  removed  to  Freehold  in  1855;  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jer- 
;sey,  and  was  re-appointed  in  1872;  in  1874  was  elected 
Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  served  three  years. 

Bee,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Revolutionary  patriot  of 
South  Carolina;  member  of  the  Assembly;  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives;  member  of  the  Privy 
Council;  Judge  of  the  State  Courts;  member  of  the 
"  Council  of  Safety;  Lieutenant-Governor;  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1782,  and 
finally  District  Judge;  published  "Reports  of  the 
District  Courts  of  South  Carolina"  in  1810. 

•  Beebe,  George  M.;  was  born  in  New  Vernon, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  October  28,  1836;  at 
tended  Wallkill  Academy;  graduated  at  the  Albany 
Law  University  in  1857;  practiced  law  for  ten  years; 
in  1859  went  to  Kansas;  was  elected  to  the  Territo 
rial  Council,  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory, 
and  was  Acting  Governor;  in  1863  went  to  Nevada; 
two  years  afterward  was  appointed  Collector  of  In 
ternal  Revenue,  which  he  declined ;  returned  to  Sul 
livan  County,  New  York,  where  he  became  editor  of 

,  The  Republican  Watchman  at  Monticello;  in  1872  and 
1873  was  President  of  the  Democratic  State  Conven 
tions  at  Syracuse  and  Utica;  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  New  York  in  1873  and  1874;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Navy  Department;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Beecher,  Philemon ;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut;  was  an  able  lawyer,  and  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Ohio,  to  which  State  he  emigrated  from 
Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1817  to  1821,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  again  from  1823 
to  1829.  Died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  November  30,  1839, 
aged  sixty -four  years. 

Beekman,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Begole,  Josiah  "W.;  was  born  in  Groveland,  New 
York,  January  20,  1815;  received  a  public-school  edu 


cation;  removed  to  Genesee  County,  Michigan,  in 
1836;  taught  school  during  the  winters;  became  a 
farmer  in  1839,  and  followed  that  occupation  until 
1856;  was  elected  County  Treasurer  from  1856  to 
1864;  commenced  the  lumbering  business  in  1863 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1871 ;  was  an  Al 
derman  for  the  city  of  Flint  for  three  years;  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention  at  Phila 
delphia  in  1872;  Avas  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures ;  in  1882  was 
elected  Governor  of  Michigan  for  the  term  of  two 
years  from  January,  1883. 

Beers,  Cyrus;  in  1838  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty -fifth  Congress,  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Andrew  I).  W.  Bruyii,  deceased. 

Beeson,  Henry  "W.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Belcher,  Hiram  ;  was  born  in  Augusta,  Maine; 
educated  at  Hallowell  Academy;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1812;  was,  for  four  or  five 
years,  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1848.  Died  May  7,  1857,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

Belcher,  Nathan  ;  was  born  in  Griswold,  Con 
necticut,  June  23,  1813;  graduated  at  Auiherst  Col 
lege  in  1832;  studied  law  with  Samuel  Ingham,  of 
Essex,  and  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  and  practiced  at  Clinton, 
Connecticut,  until  1841,  when  he  removed  to  New 
London,  relinquished  the  practice  of  law,  and  en 
gaged  in  manufacturing;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  Connecticut  in  1846  and  1847, 
and  of  the  State  Senate  in  1850;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1852;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Belden,  George  O.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829. 

Belford,  James  B.;  was  born  atLewiston,  Penn- 1 
sylvania,  September  28,  1837;  was  educated  at  Dick 
inson  College;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Colorado  in 
1870,  and  served  five  years;  Avas  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Colorado  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Belknap,  "William  W. ;  Avas  the  son  of  W.  G. 
Belknap  of  the  United  States  Army,  and  Avas  born 
in  Hudson  City,  New  York,  in  1831 ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1848;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  laAv,  and  settled  at  Keokuk,  loAva;  was  elected  to 
the  loAva  Legislature  in  1849;  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Rebellion,  in  1861,  entered  the  Military  service  as 
Major  of  Volunteers;  was  present  at  the  battles  of 
Shiloh  and  Vicksburg;  Avas  Avith  General  Sherman  in 
his  great  campaign,  and  Avas  so  rapidly  promoted  as 
to  have  command  of  a  division  of  the  army  as  Major- 
General  ;  after  the  war  was  appointed  a  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue,  which  position  he  held  until  he 
entered  President  Grant's  cabinet,  October  13,  1869, 
as  Secretary  of  War;  resigned  in  March,  1876. 

Bell,  Alonzo  ;  Avas  a  resident  of  NCAV  York;  in 
November,  1875,  Avas  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  at  Washington;  in 
April,  1877,  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of 
that  Department,  and  remained  in  that  position  until 
July,  1882,  Avhen  he  resigned. 


EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  (NORTH  FRONT.) 
WASHINGTON. 


EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  (SOUTH  FRONT.) 

WASHINGTON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Bell,  Charles  H;  was  born  at  Chester,  New 
Hampshire,  November  18,  1823;  received  a  collegiate 
education,  graduating  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1844; 
studied  and  practice;!  law;  was  Solicitor  for  Rocking- 
hain  County  from  1855  to  1865;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  Legislature  in  1858,  1859,  and  1860;  the  last 
year  as  Speaker;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1863  and 
1864,  President  of  the  Senate  the  last  year;  was  again 
a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representative  in 
1872  and  1873;  was  appointed  a  United  States  Sena 
tor  to  succeed  Bainbridge  Wadleigh  and  took  his 
seat  April  10,  1879,  serving  until  June  20,  1879;  in 
1880  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  for  the 
term  of  two  years  from  June,  1881. 

Bell,  Hiram  ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1852  to  1853. 

Bell,  Hiram  P.;  was  born  in  Jackson  County, 
Georgia,  January  19,  1827;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law,  and  engaged  in  practice;  in  1856 
was  a  candidate  for  Congress;  a  candidate  for  Elector 
in  1860;  in  1860  was  elected  to  the  Convention  of 
Georgia  which  adopted  the  Ordinance  of  Secession, 
which  he  opposed;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Georgia  in  1861 ;  elected  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  Forty-third  Regiment  Georgia  Volunteers,  and 
having  been  severely  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Chick- 
asaw  Bayou,  December  29,  1862,  resigned;  in  Octo 
ber,  1863,  was  elected  to  the  Confederate  Congress; 
in  1868  was  a  member  of  the  Electoral  College;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Weights  and  Measures;  elected  to  the 
Forty  -fifth  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  B.  H.  Hill. 

Bell,  Isaac,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
New  York,  November  16,  1846;  was  educated  at 
private  schools,  and  at  Harvard  College,  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  where  he  remained  two  years;  after 
leaving  Harvard  went  abroad  to  complete  his  educa 
tion  and  to  travel;  from  1870  to  1878  was  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  and  in  banking  in  New  York 
City;  in  the  latter  year  retired  from  business  and 
'.vent  abroad;  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1880 
and  settled  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island;  in  1884  was  a 
candidate,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  for  Presidential 
Elector,  but  was  defeated;  in  January,  1885,  received 
the  vote  of  his  party  in  the  State  Legislature,  for 
United  States  Senator,  but  was  not  elected;  in  March, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United 
States  Minister  at  The  Hague,  Netherlands. 

Bell,  James;  was  born  November  13,  1804,  in 
Francistown,  Hillsborough  County,  New  Hampshire; 
graduated  at  Bo wdoin  College  in  1822;  studied  law, 
and  completed  his  course  at  Litchfield;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1825,  and  commenced  to  practice  at  Gil- 
man  ton;  removed  to  Exeter,  and  thence  to  Gilford; 
for  many  years  held  a  distinguished  rank  in  his  pro 
fession;  in  1846  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  the 
State  in  1850;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  in 
June,  1855,  for  six  years.  Died  in  Laconia,  New 
Hampshire,  May  26,  1857,  whither  he  had  gone  from 
Washington  to  recruit  his  health. 

Bell,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833 
to  1835. 

Bell,  John  ;  was  b«rn  in  Londonderry,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1766;  was  for  many  years  a  merchant  in 
Chester,  New  Hampshire;  Councilor  of  the  State,  and 
Sheriff  of  Rockingham  County  from  1823  to  1828;  was 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1829  to  1830.  Died 
in  Chester,  March  22,  1836. 

3 


Bell,  John ;  was  born  near  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
February  15,  1797;  commenced  his  studies  at  Cum 
berland  College,  now  the  Nashville  University,  and 
graduated  in  1814;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1816;  in  1817  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate;  declined  a  re-election,  and  devoted  the  next  ten 
years  of  his  life  wholly  to  his  profession;  in  1827  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  continued 
to  be  re-elected  until  1841,  officiating  during  one 
term  as  Speaker;  in  1841  accepted  a  seat  in  President 
Harrison's  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War,  which  post 
he  resigned  in  five  months  after  the  accession  of  Pres 
ident  Tyler;  in  1847  accepted  a  seat  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Tennessee,  but  before  the  close  of  • 
the  year  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1852,  serving,  from  time  to  time,  as 
Chairman  of  important  Committees  until  the  close  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  in  May,  1860,  received 
from  the  Union  party  the  nomination  for  President  of 
the  United  States,  but  was  defeated.  Died  at  Nash 
ville,  September  10,  1869. 

Bell,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Ohio  from  1850  to  1851. 

Bell,  Joshua  P.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion  ;  was  a  lawyer,  and  distinguished  in  the  West  as 
an  orator;  was  a  member  of  the  "Peace  Convention  " 
of  1861.  Died  in  Kentucky,  August  17,  1870. 

Bell,  M.  E.;  was  born  at  Birmingham,  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October  20,  1847:  was  edu 
cated  at  West  Town  Boarding  School  for  Friends,  in 
Chester  County;  after  four  years  of  hard  study  and 
rigid  discipline  in  that  institution,  he  left,  surrepti 
tiously  and  went  to  Bloomington,  Illinois,  where  he 
entered  the  shops  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad 
Company  as  a  pattern-maker's  apprentice;  the  pay 
being  too  low,  he  left  the  shops  and  engaged  as  a 
carpenter;  then  accepted  an  otter  of  a  clerkship  in  the 
store  of  an  uncle  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  two  years;  while  there  perfected 
the  Philadelphia  Lawn  Mower;  left  because  of  ill- 
health,  and  resumed  the  occupation  of  a  carpenter, 
at  Bloomington,  Illinois;  conceived  the  idea  of  becom 
ing  an  architect,  and  studied  for  the  profession  ; 
apprenticed  himself  to  an  able  French  architect — • 
A.  H.  Piquenard — of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  was 
engaged,  with  him,  in  the  construction  of  the  capitol 
buildings  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  and  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  from  1870  to  1876;  in  the  latter  year  his  em 
ployer  died  and  Mr.  Bell  took  charge  of  the  work 
niuiself;  while  engaged  upon  the  Iowa  Capitol,  he 
was  tendered,  and  accepted,  the  position  of  Supervis 
ing  Architect  of  the  United  States  Treasury;  waa 
appointed  to  that  office  November  10,  1884. 

Bell,  Peter  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Texas  from  1849  to  1853;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  Texas  from  1853  to  1857; 
subsequently  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that 
State. 

Bell,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Londonderry,  New 
Hampshire,  February  9,  1770;  worked  on  his  father's 
farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  prepared 
himself  for  College;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1793;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1796;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  1804  to 
1808,  occupying  the  position  of  Speaker;  in  1807  and 
1808  was  a  member  of  the  Senate;  in  1809  member 
of  the  Executive  Council;  from  1816  to  1819  was 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  State;  in  1819 


34 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


was  chosen  Governor,  serving  until  1823;  from  1823 
to  1835  was  United  States  Senator;  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1821.  Died  in 
Chester,  New  Hampshire,  December  23,  1850. 

Bell,  Samuel  N.;  was  born  in  Chester,  New 
Hampshire,  March  25,  1829;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1847;  studied  law,  and  practiced  at 
Manchester;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims;  was  subsequently  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire;  also  elected 
to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Bellinger,  Joseph. ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1809;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1817  to  1819. 

Belmont,  August;  was  bora  in  Alzey,  Rhe 
nish  Palatinate,  and  his  father  was  a  noted  lauded 
proprietor;  received  his  education  at  Frankfort;  was 
for  several  years  employed  in  the  offices  of  the  great 
bankers,  the  brothers  Rothschild,  at  Frankfort  and 
Naples;  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York  in  1837, 
and  while  yet  only  twenty-one  years  of  age,  became 
the  financial  representative  of  his  old  employers  in 
this  country;  was  wounded  in  a  duel  in  1841,  caus 
ing  permanent  lameness;  from  1844  to  1850,  was 
Consul  General  for  the  Empire  of  Austria;  but  not 
liking  the  conduct  of  that  Government  towards 
Hungary,  resigned  the  office;  in  1853  was  appointed, 
by  President  Pierce,  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Hague; 
after  wards  became  Minister  Resident,  resigning  in 
1858;  in  the  latter  capacity  negotiated  a  highly  im 
portant  Consular  Convention,  for  which  and  other 
diplomatic  services,  he  received  special  thanks  from 
Washington;  was  a  leading  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  Convention  of  1860;  from  that  year  until  1872 
was  Chairman  of  the  National  Democratic  Commit 
tee,  when  he  resigned. 

Belmont,  Perry ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  December  27,  1851;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1872;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876; 
practiced  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Belser,  James  E.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama, 
from  1843  to  1845;  died  at  Montgomery,  Alabama, 
January  16,  1859. 

Beltzhoover,  Frank  E.;  was  born  in  Cumber 
land  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  6,  1841; 
graduated  at  Pennsylvania  College  in  1862;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864,  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania;  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Democratic  County  Committee  in  1868 
and  1873;  was  District  Attorney  from  1874  to  1877; 
was  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention 
of  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Benedict,  Charles  B.;  was  born  at  Attica,  New 
York,  February  7,  1828;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1856;  engaged  in  the  banking  business  at  Attica  in 
1860,  and  continued  therein;  was,  for  five  years,  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Wyoming 
County;  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Commit 
tee  in  1875;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 


Benedict,  Charles  L.;  was  a  resident  of  Brook 
lyn,  New  York;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar;  practiced  the  profession  of  the  law  in  Brook 
lyn;  was  a  Representative  in  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture  in  1863;  in  1865  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  Eastern  District  of  New  York; 
in  1881  was  tendered  the  appointment  of  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  New  York  State. 

Benedict,  Kirby;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  in 
1853  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  resid 
ing  in  Santa  Fe. 

Benjamin,  John  F.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Cicero,  Onondaga  County,  New  York,  January  23, 
1817;  received  a  common-  school  education;  spent 
three  years  in  Texas;  in  1848  settled  in  Missouri,  in 
the  practice  of  the  law;  in  1851  and  1852  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  Legislature;  in  1856  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector;  in  1861  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
Missouri  Cavalry;  in  January,  1862,  was  commis 
sioned  a  Captain;  in  May,  of  the  same  year,  a  Major; 
in  September  following  a  Lieutenant-Colonel,  which 
position  he  resigned  on  being  appointed  Provost- 
Marshal  for  the  Eighth  District  of  his  State;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Invalid  Pensions  and  Expenditures  in  the  Interior 
Department;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Retrenchment;  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Forty -first  Congress,  and  made  Chairman 
of  Invalid  Pensions. 

Benjamin,  Judah  P.;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1849;  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Louisiana,  to  serve  from 
1853  to  1859,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary  and  on  Commerce:  in 
1859  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years,  but  was 
expelled  March  14,  1861;  became  identified  with 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  Attorney-General  of 
the  so-called  "  Southern  Confederacy."  Settled  in 
London,  England,  after  the  war,  and  was  made 
Queen's  Counsel  for  Lancaster. 

Benjamin,  S.  Q.  "W.;  was  born  at  Argos,  Greece, 
in  1837,  while  his  father  was  United  States  Consul  at 
Athens;  graduated  from  Williams  College  in  1839; 
read  law,  and  was  then  Librarian  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  until  1864;  was  connected,  editorially, 
with  the  Library  Table,  the  New  York  Mail,  London 
Magazine  of  Art,  etc. ;  was  a  contributor  in  prose  and 
verse,  on  various  topics,  with  illustrations  by  his  own 
pencil,  to  the  North  American  Review:,  Harper'*,  Atlan 
tic,  and  Century  Magazines,  Illustrated  London  News, 
Magazine  of  Art,  American  Art  Iteview,  etc. ;  also  pub 
lished  fifteen  volumes  of  his  own  writing  in  prose 
and  verse,  upon,  a  diversity  of  subjects;  was  also  an 
artist  of  note,  and  disposed  of  his  paintings  in  Lon 
don,  and  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States; 
was,  for  a  number  of  years,  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  National  Academy  of  Arts,  and  other  annual  ex 
hibitions;  gave  much  attention  to  marine  architec 
ture;  spent  a  number  of  years  in  foreign  travel;  in 
1883  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  and  Cousul- 
General  of  the  United  States  to  Persia,  and  had  the 
first  audience  ever  granted  by  the  Shah  of  Persia  to 
an  American  Envoy,  the  attendent  ceremonies  beiiig 
accompanied  by  great  pomp. 

Bennet,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  1762;  was  a 
Baptist  minister;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1815  to  1819.  Died  at  Middletown, 
New  Jersey,  October  8,  1840. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


35 


Bennet,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1820  to  1822. 

Bennett,  Caleb  P. ;  was  a  Major  in  the  Delaware 
Regiment  of  the  Revolutionary  Army,  and  was  en 
gaged  at  the  battles  of  Brandywine,  Germantown, 
and  Monmouth;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  from  1833 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  May  7,  1836,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Bennett,  David  S.;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  the  In 
terior  Department. 

Bennett,  Granville  Gr.;  was  born  in  Butler  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  October  9, 1833;  passed  his  boyhood  in  Fayette 
County,  Ohio;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Illinois 
in  1849,  and  to  Iowa  in  1855;  was  educated  at  Howe's 
Academy  and  Washington  College,  Iowa;  studied 
law;  entered  upon  the  practice  in  1859;  served 
throughout  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  commis 
sioned  officer  in  the  Union  army;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Iowa  Legislature,  in  1865,  for  two 
yeais,  and  to  the  State  Senate,  in  1867,  for  four 
years;  in  1875  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota;  re 
signed  in  1878  and  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  the 
Territory  of  Dakota  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

Bennett,  Henry;  was  born  in  New  Lisbon, 
Otsego  County,  New  York,  September  29,  1808; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832; 
having  been  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Representative 
from  that  State  in  1848,  and  served  continuously  for 
ten  years.  During  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and 
reported  a  number  of  important  bills  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Western  States;  during  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  served  as  a  member  of  the  same  Committee. 

Bennett,  Hiram  P.;  was  born  in  Carthage, 
Maine,  September  2,  1826;  received  a  common-school 
education  in  Ohio;  in  1852  was  elected  to  a  Judge- 
ship  in  Western  Iowa;  removed  to  Nebraska  Territory 
in  1854,  and  was  at  once  elected  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Council;  in  1858  was  re-elected  to  the 
Nebraska  Legislature,  and  made  Speaker  of  the 
House;  removed  to  Colorado  Territory  in  1859,  and 
was  chosen  a  Delegate  therefrom  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress;  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress.  In  March,  1867,  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Colorado. 

Bennett,  H.  S. ;  was  born  in  Williamson  County, 
Tennessee,  March  7,  1807;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  began  to  practice  in  1830, 
when  he  removed  to  Mississippi,  where  he  held  the 
office  of  Circuit  Judge  for  eight  years;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Bennett,  Risden  F.;  was  born  in  Anson  County, 
North  Carolina,  June  18,  1840;  received  an  academic 
training  and  attended  Davidson  College;  graduated 
at  Lebanon  Law  School,  Tennessee,  in  1859;  was 
licensed  to  practice  law  there,  and  in  North  Carolina, 
in  that  year;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a 
private,  in  1861,  and  served  throughout  the  war, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  several  times 
wounded;  was  captured  at  Winchester  and  confined 
at  Fort  Delaware  for  several  months;  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  in  1865.  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
his  native  State;  was  County  Solicitor  until  1868; 
was  nominated  for  Congress  in  1870  but  declined  on 
account  of  ill-health;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1871  and  1875;  was 


elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1872;  declined  a  re-nomination;  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Courts  in  1880,  and  served  until 
elected  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Bennett,  Thomas  W. ;  was  born  in  Union 
County,  Indiana,  February  16,  1831;  graduated  at 
the  Asbury  University  Law  School  in  1854;  was 
elected  to  the  Indiana  Senate  in  1858;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  1861  as  a  Captain;  served  through 
the  war,  and  became  a  Brigadier-General  of  Volun 
teers;  was  re-elected  to  the  Indiana  Senate  in  1864, 
serving  four  years;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Richmond, 
Indiana,  in  1869,  serving  two  years;  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Idaho  in  1871,  serving  until  December,. 
1875,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his  seat  as  a  Delegate 
from  Idaho  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  to  which 
he  had  been  elected  in  1874. 

Benson,  Egbert ;  was  born  in  1747;  graduated 
from  Columbia  College,  New  York,  in  1765 ;  was  At 
torney-General  of  New  York  from  1780  to  1789;  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to 
1788;  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1789  to  1793;  was  a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme 
Court  from  1794  to  1801 ;  received  an  honorary  de 
gree  from  Harvard  University  in  1808,  and  the  same 
from  Dartmouth  College  in  1811 ;  was  the  first  Presi 
dent  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society;  was  again 
elected  to  Congress  in  1813,  resigning  after  the  first 
session.  Died  at  Jamaica,  New  York,  in  August, 
1833. 

Benson,  Samuel  P.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Winthrop,  Maine;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1825;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1834  and  1836;  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  1838  and  1841 ;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  in  1853,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  when  he 
served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Af 
fairs;  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  Overseers  of  Bow 
doin  College. 

Bent,  Silas  ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts ;  was  for 
many  years  an  influential  citizen  of  the  Territory  of 
Missouri;  in  1813  was  appointed  United  States  Judge 
for  the  Territory  of  Missouri.  His  name  was  given 
to  a  well-known  frontier  post  and  military  fort. 

Bentley,  John  A.;  was  a  resident  of  Wisconsin; 
was  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  in  the  Department  of 
the  Interior,  from  March,  1876,  to  June,  1881. 

Benton,  Charles  S.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1843 
to  1849. 

Benton,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  Waterford,  Ver 
mont,  August  14,  1819;  attended  the  Newbury  Semi 
nary,  and  graduated  at  Manchester,  Vermont;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1843,  locating  at  Lancas 
ter,  New  Hampshire;  in  1854,  1855,  and  1856  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Convention  of  1860;  came  within  one 
vote  of  being  nominated  for  Congress  in  1862;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Land  Claims,  Retrenchment,  Pensions, 
and  Agriculture. 

Benton,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1793  to  1798. 

Benton,  Thomas  Hart;  was  born  in  Hillsbor- 
ough,  North  Carolina,  March  14,  1782;  was  educated 


36 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


at  Chapel  Hill  College;  left  that  institution  without 
receiving  a  degree,  and  forthwith  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  William  and  Mary  College,  Vir 
ginia,  under  Mr.  St.  George  Tucker;  in  1810  entered 
the  United  States  Army,  but  soon  resigned  his  com 
mission  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  in  1811  was  at 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  he  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  the  law ;  soon  afterwards  emigrated  to  St. 
Louis,t  Missouri,  where  he  connected  himself  with  the 
press  as  the  editor  of  the  Missouri  Argus;  in  1820  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  many  important  committees,  and 
remained  in  that  body  till  the  session  of  1851,  at 
which  time  he  failed  of  re-election.  As  Missouri  was 
not  admitted  into  the  Union  until  August  10,  1821, 
more  than  a  year  of  his  first  term  of  service  expired  be 
fore  he  took  his  seat.  He  occupied  himself  during  this 
interval  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  language 
and  literature  of  Spain.  Immediately  after  he  ap 
peared  in  the  Senate  he  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
deliberations  of  that  body,  and  rapidly  rose  to  dis 
tinction;  was  one  of  the  chief  supporters  of  the  ad 
ministrations  of  Presidents  Jackson  and  Van  Buren. 
The  people  of  Missouri  long  clung  to  him  as  their 
leader,  and  it  required  persevering  effort  to  defeat 
him;  but  he  had  served  them  during  the  period  of 
thirty  years  without  interruption,  and  others,  who 
aspired  to  honors  which  he  enjoyed,  became  impa 
tient  for  an  opportunity  to  supplant  him.  He  was 
distinguished  for  his  learning,  iron  will,  practical 
mind,  and  strong  memory.  As  a  public  speaker  he 
was  not  interesting  or  calculated  to  produce  an  effect 
on  the  passions  of  an  audience,  but  his  speeches  were 
read  with  avidity,  always  producing  a  decided  in 
fluence;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  for  the  District  of  St.  Louis;  on  his 
retirement  from  public  life  devoted  himself  to  the 
preparation  of  a  valuable  register  of  the  debates  in 
Congress,  upon  which  he  labored  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Washington,  on  the  10th  of  April, 
1858,  of  cancer  in  the  stomach.  He  was  the  author 
of  a  political  work,  giving  an  account  of  his  observa 
tions  during  his  Senatorial  service  of  thirty  years. 

Beresford,  Richard  ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783 
to  1785. 

Bergen,  John  T.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 

Bergen,  Teunis  G-.;  was  born  in  Go  wan  us,  city 
of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  October  6,  1806;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Academy  of  Erasmus  Hall,  Flatbush; 
was  a  surveyor  and  horticulturist;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1846;  was 
Supervisor  of  the  town  of  New  Utrecht  for  twenty- 
three  years;  served  in  all  the  grades,  from  Sergeant 
to  Colonel,  in  the  State  Militia;  was  a  member  of  the 
Charleston  and  Baltimore  Conventions  of  I860;  was; 
in  1864,  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

Bernhisel,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
-County,  Pennsylvania,  June  23,  1799;  graduated  in 
the  Medical  Department  of  Pennsylvania  University; 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Thirty-Fifth  Congress  from  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Utah;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  and 
Thirty-seventh  Congresses. 

Barrian,  Hobart ;  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  the  son  of  the  Reverend  Doctor  of  Divinity 
bearing  the  name;  was  a  man  of  superior  culture 
and  education;  after  holding  the  position  of  a  Clerk 
in  the  Treasury  Department,  was,  in  1861,  appointed 


the  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,   where  he  re 
mained  until  1864. 

Berrien,  John  McPherson ;  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  August  23,  1781;  when  a  child  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  Georgia;  graduated  at  Princeton  in  his 
fifteenth  year,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1799; 
in  1809  was  elected  Solicitor-General,  and  the  next 
year  Judge  of  the  Eastern  Circuit.  During  the  war 
of  1812  had  command  of  a  regiment  of  volunteer 
cavalry;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  for  several 
years;  in  1824  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  where  he  remained  until  1829,  when  he  took  a 
seat  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Jackson  as  Attorney- 
General.  For  a  while  afterwards  held  various  posi 
tions  of  responsibility  in  Georgia;  in  1840  was  again 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six  years, 
taking  an  active  part  in  all  leading  measures,  and 
officiating  most  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the  Ju 
diciary  Committee;  in  1845  was  elected  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Georgia;  in  1847 
was  once  more  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
resigning  his  seat  in  May,  1852.  On  his  return  to 
Georgia,  he  still  continued,  in  various  ways,  to  pro 
mote  the  public  good.  Died  at  Savannah,  Georgia, 
January  1,  1856,  universally  lamented. 

Berry,  Campbell  P.;  was  born  in  Jackson  Coun 
ty,  Alabama,  November  7,  1834;  removed  to  Arkan 
sas  in  1841,  and  thence  to  California  in  1857;  gradu 
ated  at  Methodist  College,  Vacaville,  California,  in 
1865;  engaged  in  farming;  was  Supervisor  of  Sutter 
County  for  three  years;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1869,  1871,  1875,  and  1877,  the 
last  term  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  California  to  the  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  declined  a  re-nomin 
ation. 

Berry,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Jackson  County, 
Alabama,  May  15,  1841;  removed  to  Arkansas  in 
1848;  received  a  limited  ed  ucation  at  a  private  school 
at  Berry ville,  Arkansas;  entered  the  Confederate 
Army,  in  1861,  as  a  Second  Lieutenant  of  Infantry; 
lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Corinth,  Mississippi,  in 
October,  1862,  and  retired  from  the  service;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Benton ville,  Arkansas;  in 
the  same  year  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Arkansas  Legislature;  was  again  elected  to  the  same 
position  in  1872;  at  the  extraordinary  session  of  the 
Legislature,  in  1874,  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives;  was  President  of  the  Democratic 
State  Convention  in  1876;  in  1878  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  State  Circuit  Court;  in  1882  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Arkansas;  in  March,  1885,  was  elected  United 
States  Senator  for  the  unexpired  term  ending  March 
3,  1889,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  appointment 
of  A.  H.  Garland  to  the  office  of  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States. 

Berry,  John ;  was  born  April  26,  1833,  in  Craw 
ford  County,  Ohio;  educated  at  the  common-schools, 
and  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  graduated  at  the 
law  school  of  Cincinnati  College;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1857;  practiced  his  profession  at  Upper  San- 
dusky;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Wyandot  County 
in  1862,  and  again  in  1864;  never  was  a  candidate 
for  any  other  office  until  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress. 

Berry,  Nathaniel  S.;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  for  two  years,  from  1861  to  1863,  taking 
an  active  interest  in  raising  troops  for  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion. 

Bethune,  Laughlin ;  was  a  native  of  North  Car 
olina,  was  for  several  years  a  Senator  in  the  State 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


37 


Legislature;  from  1831  to  1833  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Cumberland  County  in  that  State, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Betton,  Silas;  was  born  in  1764;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1787,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1803  to  1807; 
"held  the  office  of  Sheriif  of  Rockingham  County  for 
several  years.  Died  at  Salem,  New  Hampshire,  in 
1822,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Betts,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Richmond,  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1787;  spent  his  boy 
hood  on  his  father's  farm;  graduated  at  Williams 
College  in  1806;  studied  law,  came  to  the  bar  in  1809, 
and  settled  in  Sullivan  County,  New  York;  took  part 
in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  appointed  Judge  Advo 
cate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1815  to  1817,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Newburg,  and  was  District  Attorney  of  Orange 
County;  in  1823  was  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge  for 
the  State;  in  1826  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold  until  May, 
1867,  when  he  resigned  and  retired  to  private  life. 
His  labors  as  a  Judge  were  long  held  in  the  highest 
estimation  by  the  legal  profession  of  New  York.  Died 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  October  3,  1868. 

Betts,  Thaddeus ;  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Con 
necticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1807,  and  ac 
quired  great  distinction  as  a  lawyer;  was  at  onetime 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Connecticut;  was  an  influen 
tial  member  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  1839 
to  the  date  of  his  death,  April  7,  1840.  He  was 
greatly  respected  for  his  talents  and  character. 

Beveridge,  John  L.;  was  born  July  6,  1824,  in 
Greenwich,  New  York ;  was  raised  on  a  farm  and  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  in  1842  emigrated 
to  Illinois  and  received  further  education  at  the  Rock 
River  Seminary;  from  1846  to  1851  taught  school  in 
Tennessee  and  read  law;  practiced  in  Chicago;  served 
four  years  in  the  Union  Army  as  Major  and  Colonel 
of  Cavalry;  was  Sheriff  of  Cook  County,  Illinois,  two 
years;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  November,  1870, 
and  resigned  when  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
in  the  Forty-second'  Congress  caused  by  the  election 
of  John  A.  Logan  to  the  United  States  Senate;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Illinois  in  1873  for  the  term  of 
four  years. 

Bibb,  George  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1772; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1792;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  Kentucky;  was  a  Justice,  and  twice 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Kentucky; 
was  iu  the  State  Senate  two  years;  held  the  position 
of  Chancellor  of  the  Court  of  Chancery ;  was  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  under  President  Tyler;  afterwards 
practiced  his  profession  in  the  City  of  Washington, 
and  acted  as  an  assistant  in  the  office  of  the  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States;  his  services  in  Congress 
were  rendered  as  a  Senator  from  1811  to  1814,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1835.  Died  in  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  April  14,  1859. 

Bibb,  Thomas;  was  a  kinsman  of  W.  W.  Bibb, 
wl-.om  he  succeeded  as  Governor  of  Alabama  in  1820, 
holding  the  office  until  1821. 

Bibb,  "William  W. ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1806  to  1814,  and  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1816;  in  1817  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Alabama;  was 
elected  first  Governor  under  the  Constitution  of  that 
Htate  in  1819;  was  originally  educated  for  the  medi 
cal  profession.  Died  at  his  residence,  in  Fort  Jack 
son,  Alabama,  July  9.  1820,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 


Bibighaus,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania  in,  1816;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1851  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Lebanon,  Pennsylvania,  June  18,  1853.  • 

Bicknell,  Bennet ;  was  born  in  Mansfield,  Con 
necticut;  served  in  the  Assembly  of  the  State  in  1812; 
was  a  State  Senator  from  1815  to  1818;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to- 
1839.  .  Died  at  Morrisville,  Madison  County,  in  1863. 

Bicknell,  George  Augustus ;  was  born  at  Phil 
adelphia,  Pennsylvania;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  received,  from  that  institution, 
the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  studied  law  at  the 
Yale  Law  School ;  in  1846  removed  to  Scott  County, 
Indiana;  was  elected  Fence  Viewer  in  1847;  County 
Prosecutor  in  1848;  Circuit  Prosecutor  in  1850;  Judge 
of  the  Second  Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State  in  1852, 
holding  this  position,  by  successive  re-elections,  for 
twenty-four  years;  from  1861  to  1870  was  Professoi 
of  Law  at  the  University  of  Indiana,  and  received, 
from  that  institution,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress  ;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth  Con 
gress. 

Biddle,  Charles  John ;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1819;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1837; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  served  as  a 
Captain  of  Voltigeurs,  United  States  Army,  in  the 
war  with  Mexico;  was  in  the  actions  of  Contreras, 
Churubusco,  Molino  del  Rey,  Chapultepec,  and  the 
taking  of  the  City  of  Mexico,  and  was  brevetted  a 
Major  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services;  after  the 
Mexican  war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Philadelphia;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Colonel  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteer  Corps;  while  in  the 
field  in  Virginia  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  E.  Joy 
Morris;  before  quitting  the  field  was  tendered  the 
commission  of  Brigadier-General,  but  declined  it, 
preferring  to  serve  his  constituents  in  a  civil  capacity. 
Died  in  Philadelphia.  September  28,  1873.  He  was 
the  son  of  Nicholas  Biddle. 

Biddle,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  1739;  was  an  of 
ficer  in  the  French  War  from  1756  to  1763;  became 
eminent  as  a  lawyer  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  Speaker;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1775; 
and  was  one  of  the  prominent  advocates  of  Inde 
pendence.  Died  in  Baltimore,  September  5,  1779. 

Biddle,  James ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Feb 
ruary  28,  1783;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  in 
1800;  was  wrecked  in  the  frigate  Philadelphia  oft* 
Tripoli  in  1803,  and  was  a  prisoner  nineteen  months; 
was  made  lieutenant  in  1807;  was  first-lieutenant  of 
the  Wasp,  and  led  the  action  with  the  Frolic  in  1812; 
captured  by  the  Poictiers,  in  October,  1812;  ex 
changed  in  March,  1813;  made  master-commander, 
and  given  a  flotilla  on  the  Delaware;  while  in  com 
mand  of  the  Hornet,  was  blockaded  in  New  London, 
but  escaped  and  captured  the  British  brig  Penguin, 
receiving  a  wound  in  the  neck;  for  this  action  he 
was  voted  a  gold  medal  by  Congress;  Philadelphia 
presented  him  with  a  service  of  plate,  and  he  re 
ceived  other  honors;  was  made  Captain  in  1815;  held 
other  important  commands  in  the  Pacific,  on  the 
coast  of  South  America,  and  West  Indies;  and  from 
1830  to  1832  had  command  of  the  Mediterranean 
squadron,  during  which  time  he  negotiated  a  treaty 
with  the  Ottoman  Government.  -  In  1845  was  U.  S. 
Commissioner  to  ratify  a  treaty  with  China;  visited 


38 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Japan  in  the  Columbus;  commanded  the  squadron  on 
the  west  coast  of  Mexico  during  the  war;  .from  1838 
to  1842  had  charge  of  the  Naval  Asylum  on  the 
Schuylkill.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  October  1,  1848. 

Biddle,  John;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  was  an 
officer  in  the  War  of  1812,  acquitting  himself  with 
bravery;  held  the  position  of  Paymaster  in  the  army; 
also,  that  of  Indian  Agent;  was  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress  from  the  Territory  of  Michigan  from  1829  to 
1 831 ,  when  he  was  appointed  Register  of  the  Land 
Office  at  Detroit,  Michigan.  Died  at  the  White 
Sulphur  Springs,  Virginia,  August  25,  1859,  aged 
about  seventy  years. 

Biddle,  Nicholas  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  1,  1786;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1801;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Paris  in  1804,  and 
at  London  in  1806;  traveled  in  Europe;  in  1807  re 
turned  to  Philadelphia  and  practiced  law;  edited  the 
Portfolio;  compiled,  by  request  of  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  a  "Commercial  Digest,"  which 
was  issued  by  Congress;  also  prepared  the  narrative 
of  Lewis  and  Clarke's  expedition  to  the  Pacific;  was 
a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  in  1810 
and  1811;  State  Senator  in  1814;  advocated  the  war 
with  England;  was  Director  of  the  United  States 
Bank  in  1819,  and  its  President  from  1823  to  1839, 
and  during  the  suspension  of  interest  on  the  State 
debt,  published  a  plan  for  its  liquidation,  which  was 
adopted  by  the  Legislature;  was  President  of  the 
Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Societies,  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of 
Girard  College.  He  delivered  an  eulogiurn  on  Jef 
ferson  before  the  Philosophical  Society,  and  an  ad 
dress  on  the  "Duties  of  the  American,"  before  the 
alumni  of  Princeton  College.  Died  in  Philadelphia, 
February  27,  1844. 

Biddle  Richard;  brother  of  Nicholas  Biddle: 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  March  25,  1796;  served 
during  the  war  of  1812,  in  the  protection  of  Phila 
delphia;  became  a  leader  of  the  Pittsburg  bar; 
visited  England  from  1827  to  1830,  and  was  occupied 
in  historical  investigations;  on  his  return  resumed 
the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1837  to  1841.  While 
in  England  he  published  an  expose  of  Captain  Basil 
Hall's  "  Travels  in  America."  His  "  Life  of  Sebas 
tian  Cabot,"  in  1831,  brought  to  light  new  and  im 
portant  facts  in  the  discovery  of  America.  ^Died  jn 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  7,  1847. 

Biddle,  Thomas;  was  a  citizen  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1861  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to 
Brazil,  and  acted  as  Charge  d' Affaires;  in  1871  was 
appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Salvador,  where  he 
remained  until  1873;  in  1875,  was  appointed  Minister 
Resident  to  Ecuador;  his  death  occurred  at  Guyaquil, 
May  7,  1875,  whilst  on  his  way  to  his  post;  he  was  a 
nephew  of  Nicholas  Biddle. 

Bidlack,  Benjamin  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1845;  died  at  Bogota, 
New  Grenada,  February  29,  1849,  to  which  country 
he  had  been  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  immediately 
after  leaving  Congress. 

Bidwell,  Barnabas ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1785;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  that  in 
stitution;  from  1801  to  1805  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1805  to  1807;  At 
torney-General  for  the  State  from  1807  to  1810.  Died 
in  1833. 


Bidwell,  John;  was  born  in  Chautauqua  County, 
New  York,  August  5,  1819,  both  his  grandfathers 
having  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  in  1829 
went  with  his  father's  family  to  Erie,  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  1831  to  Ash  tabula  County,  Ohio;  was  educated 
at  Kingsville  Academy;  taught  school  in  Darke 
County,  in  the  winter  of  1838-1839;  and  subsequently 
followed  the  same  employment  for  two  years  in 
Missouri;  in  1841  emigrated  to  California,  being  one 
of  the  first  to  cross  the  wild  overland  route,  which 
journey  occupied  six  months.  His  first  employment 
on  the  Pacific  coast  was  to  take  charge  of  Bodega  and 
Fort  Ross;  also  had  charge  of  Sutter's  Feather  Rivei 
possessions;  served  in  the  War  with  Mexico  until  its 
close,  rising  from  Second  Lieutenant  to  Major;  was 
the  first  man  to  find  gold  on  Feather  River,  in  1848; 
in  1849  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  during  the  same  year  was  elected  to 
the  Senate  of  the  new  State;  in  1850  was  one  of  the 
two  appointed  to  convey  a  block  of  gold-bearing 
quartz  to  Washington  City;  was  a  dissatisfied  Del 
egate  to  the  Charleston  Convention  in  1860;  was  a 
Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  in  1864  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  California  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture:  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866:  in  1875  was  a 
candidate  for  Governor  of  California,  but  was  de 
feated. 

Bierne,  Andrew ;  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and, 
on  becoming  a  citizen  of  Virgina,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Biery,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Venango  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  2,  1839;  received  an  academic 
education;  taught  school  several  years;  studied  the 
ology  and  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868;  in 
1869  was  a  candidate  for  the  Legislature,  running 
ahead  of  his  ticket;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

Bigby,  John  Summerfield ;  was  born  in  Co- 
weta  County,  Georgia,  February  13,  1832;  received 
his  early  education  at  the  county  schools;  graduated 
at  Emory  College,  Georgia,  in  1 853 ;  studied  and  prac 
ticed  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1867-1868;  was  Solicitor-General  of 
the  Tallapoosa  Circuit  in  1868;  was  Judge  of  its  Su 
perior  Court  until  1871;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  on  the  joint  Committees  of 
Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department,  and  Re 
vision  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Bigelow,  Abijah  ;  was  born  in  Westminster. 
Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  December  5,  ]77.~">; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1795;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1798;  was  Town 
Clerk  of  Leominster  for  five  years;  served  two  years 
as  a  member  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1810  to  1815: 
from  1817  to  1833  was  Clerk  of  the  County  Court  ol 
Worcester;  at  one  time  Treasurer  and  Trustee  of 
Leicester  Academy;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  Master 
in  Chancery  for  Worcester  County;  held  the  office  ot 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  about  fifty  years.  Died  April 
4,  1860. 

Bigelow,  Hobert  B.;  was|Governor  of  Connecti 
cut  from  1881  to  1883. 

Bigelow,  John  ;  was  born  in  Ulster  County, 
New  York,  November  25,  1817;  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1835;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1838;  from  1845  to  1848  held  the  position  of  Prison 
Inspector  at  Sing  Sing;  in  1849  joined  the  New  York 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Evening  Post  as  Chief  Assistant  Editor,  (next  to  its 
proprietor,  William  C.  Bryant);  during  the  same 
year  made  a  visit  to  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  about 
which  he  published  an  interesting  volume;  in  1861 
went  to  Paris  as  American  Consul;  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  Charge  d' Affaires  at  the  same  place;  in  1865 
was  elevated  to  the  rank  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary ; 
resigned  in  1866.  On  his  return  home  devoted  him 
self  to  literary  pursuits,  and  in  1874  published  an 
elaborate  life  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  containing  much 
new  information  gathered  by  him  in  France;  in  1875 
was  invited  by  Governor  Tilden,  to  preside  over  a 
commission  organized  to  investigate  certain  alleged 
frauds  connected  with  the  Erie  Canal.  His  contribu 
tions  to  the  literature  of  the  country  have  been  ex 
tensive  and  important.  In  November,  1875,  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Bigelow,  Lewis  ;  was  born  in  Worcester  County, 
Massachusetts,  in  1783;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1821  to  1823; 
was  the  author  of  the  "  Digest  of  the  First  Twelve 
Volumes  of  Massachusetts  Reports;"  removing  to 
Peoria,  Illinois,  became  Clerk  of  the  County  Court 
there.  Died  in  October,  1838. 

Bigger,  Finley  ;  was  born  in  Ohio;  in  1853  was 
appointed,  from  Indiana,  Register  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  holding  the  office  until  1861. 

Bigger,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  about  1800;  graduated  at  Athens  University; 
studied  law  at  Lebanon,  and  commenced  to  practice 
in  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature 
in  1834  and  1835;  afterwards  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  from  1840  to  1843. 
The  Indiana  Hospital  was  established  by  his  influ 
ence.  Died  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1845. 

Biggs,  Asa  ;  was  born  in  Williamstown,  Martin 
County,  North  Carolina,  February  4,  1811;  was  edu 
cated  at  an  academy;  served  as  a  merchant's  clerk; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831;  in 
1835  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  that  State;  in  1840,  1842,  and  1844  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress;  in  1850  was  one 
of  the  three  Commissioners  appointed  to  revise  the 
Statutes  of  the  State;  in  1854  went  a  second  time  in 
to  the  State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  in  1854  for  six  years;  resigned,  May,  1858,  to 
accept  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  North  Carolina. 

Biggs,  Benjamin  T.;  was  born  in  Delaware,  Oc 
tober  1,  1821;  spent  his  youth  upon  a  farm;  attended 
the  Pennington  Seminary  for  two  years;  afterward 
taught  school  for  a  short  time;  was  subsequently  a 
student  in  the  Wesleyan  University  of  Connecticut, 
but  left  it  on  account  of  his  health;  in  1847  turned 
his  attention  to  farming;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1852;  subsequently  took 
an  interest  in  railroad  operations,  and  was  elected 
Director  in  a  Maryland  company;  in  1868  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Forty -first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and 
Mining,  and  the  Treasury  Department. 

Bigler,  "William;  was  born  at  Shermansburg, 
Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  December, 
1814:  received  a  limited  education,  ai\d,  instead  of  a 
college,  graduated  in  a  printing-office;  by  his  own 
personal  efforts  established,  and  for  several  years  car 
ried  on,  entirely  unaided,  the  Clearfield  Democrat;  dis 
posing  of  his  paper,  devoted  himself  for  a  time  to 
mercantile  pursuits  and  politics;  in  1841  was  elected 
to  the  State  Convention;  was  a  member  of  the  State 


Senate  up  to  1847,  part  of  the  time  Speaker;  in  1851 
was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania;  subsequently 
became  President  of  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Rail 
road  Company;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  for  six  years,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  and  Engrossed 
Bills;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  in 
1864,  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  National  Union  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866,  and  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868; 
in  1875  was  appointed  a  fiscal  agent  for  the  Centen 
nial  Exhibition. 

Billinghurst,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Brighton, 
Monroe  County,  New  Yrork,  July^27,  1818;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  after  practicing  a  few 
years,  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1847,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  Legislature  of  that  State,  in  1848;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  from  Wiscon 
sin,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Judiciary  Committee; 
was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  Died 
at  Juneau,  Wisconsin,  August  18,  1865. 

Billings,  Edward  C.;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts:  received  a  collegiate  education;  studied  law, 
and  engaged  in  practice,  removed  to  Louisiana,  set 
tling  at  New  Orleans;  in  February,  1876,  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Louisiana. 

Binckley,  John  M.;  was  a  practicing  lawyer  in 
the  District  of  Columbia,  from  which,  in  1867,  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  Attprney-General  of  the  United 
States,  holding  the  position  only  about  a  year. 

Bines,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1814  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1820. 

Bingham,  Henry  H. ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1841;  graduated  at  Jefferson  Col 
lege  in  1862;  studied  law;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
from  1862  to  1866,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Briga 
dier-General  ;  was  Postmaster  of  Philadelphia  from 
1867  to  1872;  in  1872  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Courts 
of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  and  was  re-elected  in  1875; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tions  of  1872  and  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -sixth,  Forty-seventh 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Bingham,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
in  1815;  received  an  academic  education;  spent  two 
years  in  a  printing-office;  entered  Franklin  College, 
in  Ohio,  but  his  health  prevented  him  from  graduat 
ing;  studied  law  in  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1840;  from  1845  to  1849  was  Attorney  for  the 
State  in  Tuscarawas  County;  in  1854  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  in  the  Thirty -fourth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  during 
his  first  term  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Elections,  and  made  a  report  on  the  Illinois  contested 
cases,  which  was  adopted  by  the  House;  also  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department;  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  in 
1864,  was  appointed  a  Judge- Advocate  in  the  army; 
in  August  of  the  same  year  was  appointed  Solicitor 
of  the  Court  of  Claims;  in  May,  1865,  was  Assistant 
Judge- Advocate  in  the  trial  of  the  conspirators  who 
were  charged  with  the  murder  of  President  Lincoln; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-niuth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  the  Freedinen, 
and  Reconstruction;  was  one  of  the  Representatives 


40 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


designated  by  the  House  to  attend  the  funeral  of  Gen- 
ieral  Scott  in  1866;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
*'  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Re 
construction,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Claims 
and  Judiciary,  and  as  one  of  the  Managers  in  the 
Impeachment  Trial  of  Andrew  Johnson;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses;  in 
March,  1873,  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  Japan. 

Bing-ham,  Kinsley  S.;  was  born  at  Camillus, 
Ouondaga  County,  New  York,  December  16,  1808; 
received  a  fair  academic  education;  taught  school  for 
•a,  time  at  Bennington,  Vermont;  spent  three  years  in 
the,  office  of  a  lawyer  as  clerk;  emigrated  to  Michigan 
in  1833,  and  settled  upon  a  farm;  was  elected  to  the 
Michigan  Legislature  in  1835,  and  was  five  years  a 
member  of  that  body — three  years  elected  Speaker; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Michigan  from 
1847  to  1851,  and  served  on  the  Couiuiittee  on  Com 
merce;  was  elected  Governor  of  Michigan  in  1854 
and  1856;  also  held  in  other  years  the  offices  of  Post 
master,  Supervisor,  Prosecuting  Attorney,  Judge  of 
Probate,  and  Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  in  1859 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  froni  Michigan,  for 
six  years.  Died  at  Oak  Grove,  Livingston  County, 
Michigan,  October  5,  1861. 

Bingham,  William ;  graduated  at  the  College 
of  Philadelphia  in  1768;  was  agent  for  this  country 
at  Martinique  during  the  Revolution;  in  1786  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1795, 
•serving  until  1801,  and  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate  during  the  Fourth  Congress.  Died  at  Bath, 
England,  February  7,  1884,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Binney,  Horace ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  January  4,  1780;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1797;  was  educated  as  a  lawyer;  was  a 
Director  of  the  old  United  States  Bank,  and  one  of  the 
Trustees  to  whom  its  affairs  was  intrusted  when  it 
was  wound  up;  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature  in  1806  and  1807,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1833  to  1835,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  declined  a  re-elec 
tion;  in  1827  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  up 
on  him  by  Harvard  University;  published  the  "  Re 
ports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania,"  be 
tween  1779  and  1814;  was  a  lawyer  of  very  great  in 
fluence,  and  defended  the  city  of  Philadelphia  in  a 
suit  brought  by  Stephen  Glrard.  Died  in  that  city, 
August  12,  1875. 

Birney,  James;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed,  from  the  State  of  Michigau,  Minister  Resi 
dent  to  the  Netherlands. 

Bird,  John;  was  a  native  of  Litchfield,  Connec 
ticut;  afterwards  settled  in  Troy,  New  York;  was 
early  distinguished  at  the  bar  of  that  State  and  in 
the  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1799  to  1801,  from  New  York. 

Bird,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Hunterdon  County, 
New  Jersey,  August  16,  1829;  received  a  coniniou- 
school  and  classical  education;  spent  his  youth  chief 
ly  on  his  father's  farm;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1855;  in  1863  was  appointed  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  Hunterdon  County  for  five  years;  in  1868 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Militia,  and  Invalid  Pensions;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress. 


Birdsall  Ausburn  ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849;  was  subsequently  appointed  Naval 
Storekeeper  in  New  York  City. 

Birdsall,  James  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815  to  1817;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1837. 

Birdsall,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837  to  1839. 

Birdseye,  Victory ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843;  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1821;  a  State  Senator  in 
1821  and  1829,  as  well  as  member  of  the  Assembly 
for  three  years.  Died  September  16,  1853,  aged  sev 
enty-one  years. 

Bisbee,  Horatio,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Canton,  Maine, 
May  1,  1839;  graduated  at  Tuft's  College,  Massa 
chusetts;  entered  the  Union  Army,  in  1861,  as  a  pri 
vate  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  located  at  Jack 
sonville,  Florida,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
there  in  1865;  was  United  States  District  Attorney 
from  1869  to  1873;  was,  for  a  short  time,  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Florida  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  but  was  un 
seated  eight  days  before  the  expiration  of  the  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses,  securing  his  seat  only  after  a 
contest;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Bishop,  James ;  was  born  in  New  Brunswick, 
New  Jersey;  was  bred  a  merchant;  served  in  the  Leg 
islature  of  his  native  State;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1855  to  1857. 

Bishop,  Phanuel ;  from  1787  to  1791  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate;  in  1792,  1793,  1797,  and  1798, 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1799 
to  1807. 

Bishop,  Richard  M.;  was  Governor  of  Ohio 
from  1878  to  1880. 

Bishop,  William  D.;  was  born  in  Bloomfield, 
New  Jersey,  September  14,  1827;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1849;  studied  law  as  a  profession,  but  soon 
engaged  almost  exclusively  in  railroad  business,  being 
for  several  years  President  of  the  Naugatuck  Railroad 
Company;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  from  Connecticut,  and  was  Chairman 
on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures.  In  May,  1859, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Commis 
sioner  of  Patents,  but  resigned  in  January,  1860.  In 
1866  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  after 
wards  held  various  positions  of  trust  and  honor  in 
Connecticut. 

Bissell,  Clark ;  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1782;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1806; 
studied  law  and  settled  at  Norwalk;  from  1829  to 
1839  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State; 
in  1847  and  1848  was  Governor  of  the  State;  was 
Kent  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale  College  from  1847  to 
1855.  Received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1847..  Died  at ,  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  Sep 
tember  15,  1857. 

Bissell,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Hart  wick. 
Otsego  County,  New  York,  April  25,  1811;  was  self- 
educated,  attending  school  in  the  summer,  and  teach 
ing  school  in  the  winter;  studied  medicine,  and  grad- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


41 


tinted  in  1834  at  tine  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia; 
'removed  to  Illinois,  a  r^.  after  practicing  his  profes 
sion  until  1840,  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois; 
after  practicing  with  success,  was,  in  1844,  elected  a 
Prosecuting  Attorney;  served  with  distinction  in  the 
Mexican  War,  especially  at  Beuna  Vista,  as  Captain 
of  the  Second  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1849 
to  1855;  in  1856  was  elected  Governor  of  Illinois  for 
four  years,  to  the  duties  of  which  office  he  devoted 
his  undivided  attention.  Died  at  Springfield,  Illi 
nois,  March  18,  1860. 

Black,  Edward  J.;  was  born  in  Beaufort,  South 
Carolina,  in  1806;  never  attended  college,  but  read 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Augusta,  Georgia, 
in  1827;  commenced  his  public  life  by  going  into  the 
'Htate  Legislature,  where  he  served  for  several  years; 
'was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia 
in  1838,  remaining  there  until  1845.  Died  in  1846 
in  Barnwell  District,  South  Carolina,  whither  he  had 
gone  tor  change  of  scene. 

Black,  George  B.;  was  born  in  Scriver  County, 
Georgia,  March  24,  1835;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Sa 
vannah,  Georgia,  in  1857;  divided  his  attention  be 
tween  the  law  and  agriculture;  served  in  the  Confed- 
jerate  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  rising 
•to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1865;  also  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1872;  was  a 
State  Senator  from  1874  to  1877;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress. 

Black,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Pennsylvania,  February  25,  1783;  was  the  father  of 
Judge  J.  S.  Black;  in  1815  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  for  three  successive  years  afterwards; 
;in  1820  was  appointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  his 
•county,  and  held  the  office  for  twenty  years;  in  1841. 
tat  a  special  election,  was  chosen  to  fill  the  seat  in 
^Congress  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Charles  Ogle, 
serving  during  the  extra  session  of  that  year;  when 
on  the  point  of  his  departure  for  Washington,  at  the 
•commencement  of  the  regular  session,  died  suddenly, 
November  28,  1841. 

Black,  James ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
'a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Black,  James  A.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
served  as  a  Captain  in  the  War  of  1812;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  Died  in  Washington,  April 
5,  1848. 

Black,  Jeremiah  S.;  was  born  in  the  Glades, 
(Somerset  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  10,  1810; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1830;  in  1842  was  appointed  Presiding 
Judge  of  the  Judicial  District  in  which  he  lived;  in 
1851  was  elected  to  the  bench  of  the  State  Supreme 
Court,  and  made  Chief  Justice;  was  re-elected  in  1854; 
March  5,  1857,  received,  from  President  Buchanan, 
the  appointment  of  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States;  was  Secretary  of  State  from  December,  1860, 
to  March,  1861;  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  Died 
August  19,  1883. 

Black,  John;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1792; 
was  for  forty  years  a  resident  of  Mexico,  where  he 
was  a  Consul  of  the  United  States,  and  also  Minister 
Resident  there  during  the  Mexican  War.  Died  in 
Albany,  November  19,  1873. 


Black,  John  ;  was  at  one  time  a  resident  of  Lou 
isiana,  but  removing  to  Mississippi,  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1832  to  1838,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims 
during  the  first  term.  Died  in  Winchester,  Virginia, 
August  29,  1854. 

Black,  John  O.;  was  born  at  Lexington,  Missis 
sippi,  January  22,  1839;  in  18-17  removed  to  Dan 
ville,  Illinois;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  an  academy,  and  took  a  partial  course  at  W abash 
College,  Crawlbrdsville,  Indiana;  entered  the  Union 
Army  in  April,  1861,  and  served  until  August,  1865, 
rising  from  the  ranks,  through  all  the  intermediate 
grades,  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier- 
General  ;  was  trustee  of  the  Illinois  Soldiers'  Or 
phans'  Home  for  one  term ;  was  Manager  of  the  Na 
tional  Soldiers'  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers; 
was  three  times  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Con 
gressman;  removed  from  Danville  to  Urbana,  and 
thence  to  Champaign,  Illinois;  March  10,  1885,  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions  at  Washington. 

Black,  Samuel  W. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  appointed  from  that  State  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Ne 
braska;  was  appointed  Governor  of  that  Territory  in 
1861,  remaining  in  office  until  1867. 

Blackburn,  J.  O.  S.;  was  born  in  Woodford  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  October  1,  1838;  graduated  at  Centre 
College  in  1857;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
Lexington  in  1858;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as 
a  private,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  before  the  close  of  the  war;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1871;  re-elected  in  1873;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty- 
eighth  Congresses;  in  February,  1884,  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  Kentucky,  for  six 
years  from  March  4,  1885. 

Blackburn,  Luke  P.;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky 
from  1879  to  1883. 

Blackburn,  Win.  Jasper;  was  born  in  Arkan 
sas,  July  24,  1820;  was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early 
age,  and  was  wholly  self-educated;  was  bred  a 
printer,  and  became  the  editor  of  a  newspaper  in 
Louisiana,  called  the  Homer  Iliad  ;  was  an  occasional 
writer  in  prose  and  verse  for  "Ladies'  Books;"  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on. 
Revolutionary  Pensions.  Though  born  in  a  Slave 
State  he  was  always  opposed  to  slavery,  and  during 
the  Rebellion  his  printing-office  was  frequently 
mobbed  by  his  political  enemies. 

Blackford,  Isaac  N.;  was  born  at  Bound  Brook, 
New  Jersey,  November  6,  1786;  graduated  at  the 
New  Jersey  College  in  1806;  removed  to  Indiana  in 
1812;  became  Clerk  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  in 
1813;  was  Judge  of  the  First  District  Court  in  1814 
and  1815;  Speaker  of  the  first  State  Legislature  in 
1816;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Indiana  from 
1819  to  1835;  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  of 
Claims  from  1855  until  his  death  in  Washington 
City,  December  31,  1859. 

Blackford,  William  M.;  was  a  citizen  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  1842  was  appointed  Charge  iV  Affaires  to 
the  Republic  of  Columbia,  where  he  remained  two 
years. 

Blackledge  William ;  was  for  several  years  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina: 


42 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


served  that  State  as  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1803  to  1809,  and  from  1811  to  1813.  Died  at  Spring 
IHill,  Lenoir  County,  North  Carolina,  October  19, 

11828. 

Blackledge,  William  S.;  was  born  in  Pitt 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  member  of  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  of  North  Carolina;  was  elected  to  Con- 
igress  from  that  State  for  the  term  from  1821  to  1823. 
!Died  in  Nevvbern,  North  Carolina,  March  21,  1857, 
aged  sixty-four. 

Blackmar,  Esbon;  was  a  native  of  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
'from  1848  to  1849,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  John  M. 
iHolley;  also  served  two  years  in  the  State  Assembly 
(from  Wayne  County. 

Black-well,  Julius  W.J  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee, 
'from  1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 

Blackwood,  "William  G-.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  settled  in  Missouri,  from  which  State  he  was 
•appointed  a  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Elaine,  James  Grillespie ;  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  31,  1830; 
graduated  at  Washington  College  in  1847;  adopted 
the  profession  of  an  editor;  removed  to  Maine; 
edited  the  Kennebec  Journal  and  Portland  Advertiser 
'for  several  years;  served  four  years  in  the  Maine 
tLegislature,  two  years  as  Speaker  of  the  House;  in 
1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
'Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affiiirs,  the  Special  Commit 
tee  on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  the  War  Debts  of  the 
Loyal  States;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
.serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and 
Rules;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -rirst  Congress,  and 
made  Speaker  of  the  House,  holding  the  same  po 
sition  during  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses;  also  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
;in  1876  was  elected  United  States  Senator,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Lot  M. 
Morrill;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1883; 
•resigned  in  1881,  to  accept  the  post  of  Secretary  of 
!State,  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Garfield,  serving 
from  March  until  December  of  that  year;  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  President  of  the  United 
States  in  1884. 

Blaine,  "Walker ;  was  a  resident  of  Maine;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education;  in  1881  was  appointed 
Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  State;  the  same  year 
was  sent,  in  conjunction  with  W.  H.  Triscott,  as  a 
Special  Envoy  to  Peru  and  Chili. 

Blair,  Austin ;  was  born  in  Caroline,  Tompkins 
County,  New  York,  February  8,  1818;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1839;  studied  law,  and,  removing 
to  Michigan,  practiced  the  profession  in  that  State; 
after  holding  the  local  offices  of  County  Clerk  and 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  county,  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  and  afterwards  to  the  Senate  of  the 
State;  was  Governor  of  Michigan  from  1861  to  1865; 
in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Foreign  Affairs,  Rules,  and  Militia;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Land  Claims. 

Blair,  Barnard;  was  a  native  of  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 


from  1841  to  1843,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections. 

Blair,  Francis  Preston ;  was  born  in  Abing- 
don,  Virginia,  April  12,  1791;  removed  to  Kentucky 
with  his  father  about  the  year  1800;  graduated  at 
Transylvania  University;  studied  law,  but  from  ill 
health  never  practiced;  engaged  early  in  politics,  and 
supported  his  friend,  Mr.  Clay,  for  the  Presidency  in 
1824,  but  became  politically  estranged  from  him  dur 
ing  the  administration  of  J.  Q.  Adams.  His  views 
against  nullification,  in  a  Kentucky  paper,  caused 
General  Jackson  to  invite  him  to  edit  a  Democratic 
journal  in  Washington.  The  Globe  was  commenced 
by  him  in  1830,  and  continued  until  1845.  He  then 
retired  to  his  estate  at  Silver  Spring,  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pu  r- 
suits;  withdrew  from  the  Democratic  party  in  1848; 
after  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  took 
part  in  the  Republican  organization,  and  supported 
General  Fremont  for  the  Presidency  in  1856. 

Blair,  Francis  P.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  February  19, 1821 ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  Legislature  in  1852  and 
1854,  and  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims;  elected  to  the  Thirty-sev 
enth  Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Affairs;  was  a  Colonel  of  Volunteers  in 
1861;  in  1862  was  appointed  a  Major-General  in  the 
army,  and  was  subsequently  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress.  During  the  first  session  of  that 
Congress  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the  House  to  resume 
his  position  in  the  army,  but,  by  the  action  of  the 
House,  subsequently  the  seat  was  assigned  to  his  con 
testant,  Samuel  Knox;  in  1866  was  appointed,  by 
President  Johnson,  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  port 
of  St.  Louis,  but  rejected  by  the  Senate;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Cleveland  "Soldiers'  Convention"  of 
1866:  in  December  of  that  year  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  for  the  Pacific  Railroad;  in  1868  was 
nominated  for  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  on 
the  ticket  with  Horatio  Seymour,  and  was  defeated; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
C.  D.  Drake,  from  1871  to  1873,  serving  on  import 
ant  Committees;  in  1848  he  published  the  "  Life  and 
Public  services  of  General  William  A.  Butler." 
Died  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  July  9,  1875. 

Blair,  Henry  "W.;  was  born  at  Campton,  New 
Hampshire,  December  6,  1834;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859,  and  engaged  in  practice;  was  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  Grat'ton  County  in  1860;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  during  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1866,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1867  and 
1868;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New  Hamp 
shire  to  the  Forty-fourth  and  Forty-fifth  Congresses; 
"declined  a  re-nomination ;  was  elected  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  from  New  Hampshire,  for  the  term 
of  six  years,  from  March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re- 
elected  for  a  second  term. 

Blair,  Jacob  B.;  was  born  in  Parkersburg,Wood 
County,  Virginia,  April  11, 1821;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Ritchie. 
County  for  several  years;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
the  new  state  of  West  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Ex 
penditures,  and  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds;  ia 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1867  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  United  States  Minister  to  Costa  Rica 
from  1868  to  1872;  in  1876  was  appointed  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wyoming  Territory, 
and  was  re-appointed  in  1880,  and  again  in  1884. 

Blair,  James ;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1821  to  1822,  and  from  1829  to  1834. 
Died  at  Washington,  by  his  own  hand,  April  1, 
1834. 

Blair,  John ;  was  born  in  Williamsburg,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1732;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege;  studied  law  at  the  Temple,  London,  and  be^ 
came  an  eminent  lawyer.  Was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  in  1765,  and,  on  the  dissolution  of  the 
House,  in  1769,  he,  with  Washington  and  other  pa 
triots,  drafted  the  ' '  Non-Importation  Agreement, ' '  at 
Raleigh  Tavern ;  was  one  of  the  Committee,  in  June, 
1776,  which  drew  up  the  plan  for  the  government  of 
the  State;  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  then  Chief  Justice,  and,  in  1780,  Judge  of  the 
High  Court  of  Chancery;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  Convention  to  Revise  the  Articles  of  Con 
federation;  supported  the  "Virginia  Plan,"  and, 
with  Washington  and  Madison,  alone  of  all  the  Vir 
ginia  Delegates,  voted  for  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and  also  for  its  ratification  in  the  State 
Convention;  in  September,  1789,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Washington,  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court ;  resigned  this  position  in  1796.  Died 
in  Williamsburg,  August  31,  1800. 

Blair,  John  ;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Tennessee;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1823  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  Before  entering 
Congress  he  served  in  both  branches  of  the  State 
Legislature.  Died  at  Jonesborough,  Tennessee,  in 
July,  1863. 

Blair,  Montgomery ;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Kentucky,  May  10,  1813;  was  educated  at 
the  West  Point  Academy ;  served  in  the  Florida  War 
under  General  Scott;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  the 
practice  of  the  profession  at  St.  Louis,  in  1839 ;  was 
Mayor  of  that  city  in  1842;  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  from  1843  to  1849,  when  he  resigned; 
in  1852  removed  to  Maryland;  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  was 
one  of  the  Counsel  in  the  Dred  Scott  case;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Solicitor  of  the  Court 
of  Claims;  in  1860  acted  as  President  of  the  "  Mary 
land  Republican  Convention,"  and  as  a  Presidential 
Elector  at  the  subsequent  election;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Postmaster-General, 
resigning  the  position  in  October,  1864.  His  brother, 
F.  P.  Blair,  Jr.,  was  a  member  of  Congress,  and  his 
father,  Francis  P.  Blair,  was,  for  many  years,  a  Pub 
lic  Printer  in  Washington,  in  conjunction  with  John 
C.  Rives.  Died  July  27,  1883. 

Blair,  Samuel  S. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Tlyrty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  that  Committee,  serving,  also,  on  several 
other  Committees. 

Blaisdell,  Daniel ;  was  a  State  Councilor  from 
1803  to  1808,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1808  to  1811.  Died  in  1832, 
aged  seventy -three  years. 


Blaisdell,  H.  G.;  was  the  first  Governor  of  Ne 
vada  after  it  became  a  State,  and  served  as  such 
from  1864  to  1869. 

Blake,  Harrison  G-.;  was  born  in  New  Fane, 
Windham  County,  Vermont,  March  17,  1818;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education ;  removed  to  Ohio 
in  1830;  while  engaged  as  a  merchant's  clerk  studied 
law,  and,  after  devoting  much  of  his  life  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits,  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law:: 
served  four  years  in  the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  was 
President  of  the  State  Senate  in  1848  and  1849;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Accounts;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post 
Office;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal 
ists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Blake,  Henry  N. ;  in  July,  1875,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Associate  Justices  of  the  United  States  for 
the  Territory  of  Montana. 

Blake,  John,  Jr.;  was  a  native  of  New  York,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  front 
1805  to  1809;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly  in  1819. 

Blake,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Colchester,  Fairfax: 
County,  Virginia,  August  12,  1802;  when  a  child  of 
six  years,  removed  with  his  father  to  Washington 
City;  received  a  good  education  at  the  Georgetown 
College,  and  at  Charlotte  College  in  Maryland;  turned 
his  attention  to  medicine,  and  graduated  as  a  phy 
sician  at  the  University  of  Maryland;  was  Commis 
sioner  of  Public  Buildings  during  a  part  of  the  admin 
istration  of  President  Pierce,  and  during  the  whole  of 
that  of  President  Buchanan;  was  for  many  years 
President  of  the  National  Metropolitan  Bank  of 
Washington  City;  was,  for  a  time,  connected  with 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  in  Washington,  and  when 
the  change  took  place  in  the  office  of  the  Treasurer  of 
the  United  States,  in  1875,  was  one  of  the  Committee 
appointed  to  count  the  money  in  the  national  vaults- 
Blake,  John  L.;  was  born  at  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  March  25,  1831 ;  removed  to  Orange,  New  Jer 
sey,  when  fifteen  years  of  age;  studied  and  practiced 
law;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Assembly  in 
1857;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Con 
vention  of  1876,  and  a  candidate  for  Presidential 
Elector  in  the  same  year;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Mew  Jersey  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Blake,  Joseph;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina 
in  1694,  and  from  1696  to  his  death  in  1700.  He  was 
a  proprietary. 

Blake,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland,  June,  1792;  passed  his  boyhood  in  Wash 
ington  City;  served  at  the  battle  of  Bladensburg,  in 
1814;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the  State  of  Kentucky,, 
and  afterwards  to  Indiana  while  a  Territory;  upon, 
the  formation  of  the  State  Government  settled  at 
Terre  Haute;  there  practiced  law;  served  on  the 
bench  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  was  District  Attor 
ney;  subsequently  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1827  to  1829;  under  President  Tyler's  adminis 
tration  was  Commissioner  of  the  General  Laud  Office, 
and,  upon  his  resignation,  was  appointed  President 
of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  Company;  he  held  this, 
office  at  the  time  of  his  death,  having  just  returned 
from  England,  where,  as  the  financial  agent  of  his 
State,  he  had  made  satisfactory  arrangements  with 
its  public  creditors.  Died  at  Cincinnati,  while  on 
bis  return  from  Washington,  November  28,  1849. 


44 


BIGG  K  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     A  N  N  A  L  S . 


Blanchard,  John;  was  born  in  the?  County  of 
Caledonia,  Vermont,  September  30,  1787;  passed  his 
boyhood  on  a  farm ;  prepared  himself  for  college  and 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1812;  removed  to  Penn 
sylvania,  and  taught  school;  read  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1 845  to  1849.  Died  in  Colum 
bia,  Lancaster  County,  March  8,  1849. 

Blanchard,  Jonathan ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1783  and 

1784. 

Blanchard,  Newton  Grain ;  was  born  in 
Rapides  Parish,  Louisiana,  January  29,  1849;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  graduated  as  a  Batch- 
«lor  of  Laws  at  the  University  of  Louisiana  in  1870; 
commenced  practice  at  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  in 
1871 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1879;  was  appointed  a  Major  in  the  State 
Militia;  was  made  a  Trustee  of  the  University  of  the 
South,  at  Sewannee,  Tennessee;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty -seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Bland,  Ballard;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  edu 
cated  for  the  legal  profession ;  while  residing  in  Louis 
ville  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the 
District  of  Kentucky. 

Bland,  Richard;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  was 
for  some  years  a  leading  member  of  the  House  of 
Burgesses;  in  1768  was  one  of  the  Committee  ap 
pointed  to  remonstrate  with  Parliament  on  the  sub 
ject  of  taxation;  in  1773  was  one  of  the  Committee 
of  Correspondence;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776.  Died  in  1790, 
aged  forty-eight  years. 

Bland,  Richard  Parks;  was  born  near  Hart 
ford,  Kentucky,  August  19,  1835;  was  left  an  orphan 
at  an  early  age;  worked  during  the  summer  to  enable 
him  to  attend  the  common-schools  in  the  winter; 
taught  school  in  order  to  obtain  an  academic  course; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profession;  never  held 
a  public  office  until  he  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress  from  Missouri;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
iburth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mines  and 
Mining;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth 
Congresses. 

Bland,  Theodoric ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
born  in  1742;  was  the  uncle  of  John  Randolph;  was 
bred  a  physician,  but  upon  the  commencement  ot 
the  American  War  quitted  the  practice  for  the  army; 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel,  and  had  the  com 
mand  of  a  regiment  of  dragoons;  in  1779  had  com 
mand  of  the  troops  at  Albemarle  Barracks,  and 
•continued  in  that  station  until  elected  to  a  seat  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  in  1780;  served  in  that  body 
three  years;  was  then  chosen  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  the  first 
Congress  under  the  Constitution,  having  voted  for  its 
adoption.  Died  at  New  York,  June  1,  1790,  while 
attending  a  session  of  Congress. 

Bland,  Theodoric;  was  born  in  1777;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  Judge  of  the  County 
Court  in  Baltimore;  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Maryland;  was  twenty -two  years 
Chancellor  of  the  State;  from  1836  to  1841  published 
in  Baltimore,  "  Reports  of  Cases  decided  in  the  High 
Court  of  Chancery  of  Maryland."  Died  at  Annap- 
o'.is,  November  16,  1846.  His  father,  bearing  the 


same  name,  was  in  the  Continental  and  Federal  Con 
gresses. 

Blatchford,  Richard  M.;  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Samuel  Blatchford,  and  born  in  Stratford,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1798;  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1818,  of 
which  institution  he  was  for  many  years  a  trustee 
and  aided  it  with  his  money;  taught  school  on  Long 
Island  and  studied  law  at  the  same  time;  on  coming 
to  the  bar  settled  in  New  York  City.  In  1826  was 
made  a  Financial  agent  for  the  Bank  of  England;  in 
1836  appointed  to  the  same  position  by  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States,  and  assisted  in  winding  up  its  af 
fairs;  in  1855  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1859  Commissioner  of  Central  Park;  subsequently, 
of  the  Public  Parks  generally;  when  the  Rebellion  , 
commenced  he  was  entrusted  with  funds  for  the  re 
cruiting  service;  in  1862  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Italy.  He  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster  and  one  of  the  executors  under  his  will,  and 
was  the  father  of  Samuel  Blatchford,  the  United 
States  District  Judge  for  New  York.  Died  at  New 
port,  September  4,  1875. 

Blatchford,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  March  9,  1820;  was  educated  at  the  Pitts- 
field  Academy,  Massachusetts,  and  at  the  Grammar 
School  of  Columbia  College,  New  York,  from  which 
college  he  graduated  in  1837;  was  Private  Secre 
tary  to  W.  H.  Seward  from  1839  to  1841,  and  Mili 
tary  Secretary  on  Governor's  Staff  up  to  1843;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was  made  a  Counselor 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1845;  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  same  year  went  to  Auburn  and 
joined  Mr.  Seward  and  Christopher  Morgan  as  a  law 
partner;  in  1851  was  nominated  for  a  Judge-ship  on 
the  Supreme  Bench,  but  was  not  elected,  in  1854  re 
turned  to  New  York  City,  and  in  the  following  year 
was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  for  the  First  District,  but  declined;  in  1867  was 
appointed  District  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York;  in  1882  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court. 

Bledsoe,  Jesse  ;  was  at  onetime  a  distinguished 
advocate  and  jurist  of  Kentucky;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1813  to  1815;  was  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  the  University  of  Transylvania,  and 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky. 
Died  at  Nacogdoches,  Texas,  June  30,  1837. 

Bleecker,  Hermanus ;  was  born  at  Albany, 
New  York,  in  1779;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1811  to  1813;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Van  Bureu,  in  1839,  Charge  d' Affaires  at 
the  Hague.  In  1822  was  a  Regent  of  the  University 
of  New  York,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died 
at  Albany,  New  York,  July  19,  1849. 

Bliss,  Archibald  M.;  was  born  in  Brooklyn, 
Long  Island,  January  25,  1837;  received  an  academic 
education;  was  tor  many  years  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits;  was  for  four  years  an  Alderman,  from  1864, 
and  President  of  the  Board  in  1867;  was  defeated  for 
Mayor  in  the  latter  year;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Bal 
timore  Convention  in  1864,  Chicago  Convention  of 
1868,  and  the  Cincinnati  Convention  of  1872;  in  1869 
and  1870  was  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  lor 
Brooklyn;  was  a  Director  in  several  banks,  V  ice-Pres 
ident  and  Director  in  the  New  York  and  Long  Island 
Bridge  Company,  President  of  the  Bushwick  Railroad 
Company;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-filth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


45 


Bliss,  George ;  was  born  in  Jericho,  Chittenden 
County,  Vermont,  January  1,  1813;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  went  to  Ohio  in  his  twentieth  year, 
and  spent  one  year  in  Granville  College;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1841;  in  1850  was  appointed 
President  Judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District  of 
Ohio,  serving  one  year,  until  the  State  Constitution 
was  changed;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  " National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Bliss,  Philemon;  was  born  in  Canton,  Connecti 
cut,  July  28,  1814;  was  educated  at  Fan-field  Acad 
emy,  Oneida  Institute,  and  Hamilton  College,  New 
York;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  removed  to  Ohio; 
was  elected  President  Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Cir 
cuit  Court;  in  1854  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures;  was  subsequently  appointed  a  Terri 
torial  Judge  in  Dakota. 

Blodgett,  Henry  W. ;  was  born,  at  Amherst, 
Massachusetts,  July  21,  1821;  removed  with  his  pa 
rents  to  Illinois  in  1831;  worked  on  a  farm  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  with  the  exception  of  one 
year's  attendance  at  Amherst  Academy  when  about 
eighteen ;  studied  law  in  Chicago,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1844;  in  the  spring  of  1845  located  at 
Waukegan  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Illinois  in  1852;  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1858;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Northern  District  of  Illi 
nois  in  1870. 

Blood-worth,  Timothy  ;  was  born  in  North  Car 
olina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  in  1790  and  1791;  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1795  to  1801 ;  was  one  of  those  who  voted 
for  locating  the  seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac. 
Died  August  24,  1814. 

Bloom,  Isaac ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Eighth  Congress,  but  died  in  1803, 
before  taking  his  seat. 

Bloomfleld,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Woodbridge,  Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey;  studied 
law  until  1775,  when  he  became  an  active  friend  of 
the  Revolution;  was  afterwards  Attorney-General  for 
New  Jersey;  Governor  of  that  State  from  1801  to 
1812;  was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  by  Presi 
dent  Madison ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1817  to  1821.  As  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  reported  the 
bill  granting  pensions  to  soldiers  of  the  Revolutionary 
Army;  resided  in  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  for  many 
years  before  his  death.  Died  in  Burlington,  October 
3,  1823. 

Blount,  James  H.;  was  born  near  Clinton, 
Georgia,  September  12,  1837;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  graduating  from  the  University  of  Georgia, 
in  1857;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859,  and  engaged  in  practice ;  settled  at  Macon, 
Georgia;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1865  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Blount,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  General  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  from 
his  native  state  in  the  Twelfth  Congress.  Died  in 
Washington,  February  9,  1812. 


Blount,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1782,  1783,  1786,  and  1787,  from 
North  Carolina;  was  Governor  of  the  territory  south 
of  the  Ohio,  having  been  appointed  to  that  office  m 
1790;  in  1796  was  chosen  President  of  the  Convention 
of  Tennessee;  was  elected  the  same  year,  by  that 
State,  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  but  was 
expelled  in  1797,  for  having,  as  it  was  alleged,  insti 
gated  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians  to  assist  the 
British  in  conquering  the  Spanish  territories  near  the 
United  States.  While  his  impeachment  trial  was  in. 
progress  in  the  United  States  Senate  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  and  made  President 
thereof.  Died  at  Knoxville,  March  10,  1810,  aged 
fifty-six  years. 

Blount,  William  G.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to  1819.  Died 
May  21,  1827. 

Blount,  "Willie;  was  Secretary  to  his  brother 
William  while  Territorial  Governor  of  Ohio;  after 
wards  removed  to  Montgomery  County,  Tennessee;, 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State ;  Gov 
ernor  from  1809  to  1815;  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  in  1834.  Died  near  Clarks- 
ville,  Tennessee,  September  10,  1835,  aged  sixty- 
eight. 

Blow,  Henry  T.;  was  born  in  Southampton 
County,  Virginia,  July  15,  1817;  removed  to  Mis 
souri  in  1830;  graduated  at  St.  Louis  University;  de 
voted  himself  to  the  drug  and  lead  business;  served 
four  years  in  the  State  Senate;  in  1861  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  Minister  to  Venezuela,  which 
position  he  resigned  in  less  than  a  year;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways: 
and  Means;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1864;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropria 
tion,  Bankrupt  Law  and  Reconstruction;  in  1874  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  District 
of  Columbia,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1875.  Died 
at  Saratoga,  New  York,  September  11,  1875. 

Bloxham,  "W.  D. ;  was  born  in  Leon  County, 
Florida,  July  9,  1836;  graduated  at  William  and 
Mary  College,  Virginia,  in  1856;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1857 ;  ill-health  prevented  his  practicing  his 
profession,  and  he  engaged  in  planting;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1861 ;  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1868;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go  v- 
ernor  in  1870;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Governor  in  1872;  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
State  Committee  in  1875;  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  State  in  1877,  and  served  four  years;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Florida  in  1880  for  the  term  of  four 
years,  from  January,  1881. 

Boardman,  Elijah;  was  born  in  New  Milford, 
Connecticut,  March  7,  1760;  became  a  successful 
merchant;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  member  of  the  Council;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1821  to  1823. 
Died  in  Boardman,  Ohio,  October  8,  1823. 

Boardman,  "William  "W.;  was  born  in  New  Mil- 
ford,  Connecticut,  October  10,  1794;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1812;  studied  law  at  Litchfield  and 
Cambridge,  and  practiced  with  success;  was  at  one 
time  Judge  of  Probate;  for  several  years  in  the  State- 
Legislature,  arid  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Boarman,  Aleck;  was  born  at  Tftzoo  City, 
Mississippi,  December  10,  1839;  was  educated  in  the- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


common-schools  and  at  the  Kentucky  Military  Insti 
tute;  was  engaged  in  the  study  of  law  at  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  Civil  War;  left  his  studies  and  served 
throughout  the  war  as  an  officer  in  the"  Confederate 
army;  began  to  practice  law  in  1866;  settled  in 
Louisiana;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
James  McCleary,  deceased;  was  Judge  of  the  State 
District  Court  for  one  term;  was  then,  in  1881,  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Western 
District  of  Louisiana. 

Bockee,  Abraham ;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Northeast,  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  in  1783; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1820,  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from.  1829 
to  1831,  and  again  from  1833  to  1837;  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  from  1842  to  1845;  also  held  the 
position,  in  1846,  of  first  Judge  of  the  Dutchess 
County  Court.  Died  at  Poughkeepsie,  June  1,  1865. 

Bocock,  Thomas  S.;  was  born  in  Buckingham 
County,  Virginia,  in  1815;  graduated  at  Hampden 
Sidney  College;  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  was 
Commonwealth  Attorney  for  the  County  of  Appo- 
inattox  in  1845  and  1846;  for  several  sessions  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  House  of  Delegates;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1847  to  1861,  serving  for 
some  years  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Aft'airs;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "Confederate  "  Congress;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 

Boden,  Andrew;  was  "  orn  in  Carlisle,  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1817  to  1821. 

Bodle,  Charles ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  in 
New  York  city,  in  1836. 

Boerum  Simon ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1774  to  1777. 

Boggs,  L.  W.J  was  Governor  of  Missouri  from 
1836  to  1840. 

Bogy,  Lewis  V.;  -was  born  in  St.  Genevieve, 
Missouri;  April  9,  1813;  was  descended  from  the 
«arly  French  pioneers;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools;  in  early  life  was  a  clerk;  afterwards  studied 
law  in  Illinois,  and  then  at  the  Law  School  in  Lex 
ington,  Kentucky,  where  he  graduated  in  1835,  and 
commenced  practice  at  St.  Louis;  was  several  times 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  Commissioner 
of  Indian  Affairs  in  1867  and  1868;  while  practicing 
law  devoted  much  of  his  time  and  means  to  develop 
ing  the  mineral  resources  of  his  native  State;  was  one 
of  the  projectors  and  friends  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Iron 
Mountain  Railroad,  of  which  he  was  for  two  years 
President;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  Land 
Claims,  and  Education  and  Labor.  Died  in  1877. 

Bokee,  David  A.;  was  born  in  New  York,  Oc 
tober  6,  1805;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1849  to  1851,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs;  his  last  public  position  was 
that  of  Naval  Officer  of  the  port  of  New  York,  under 
President  Fillmore.  Died  in  Washington,  M.irch  16, 
1860;  was  on  a  visit  to  that  city,  and  was  found  dead 
in  his  room. 

Boker,  George  Henry;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1823;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1842; 
.studied  law,  but  never  practiced.  After  a  tour  in 


Europe  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  published 
''The  Lesson  of  Life  and  other  Poems,"  in  1847; 
"  Calayuos,"  a  tragedy,  in  1848,  successfully  per 
formed  in  London;  "Anne  Boleyn,"  "  Leonor  de 
Guzman,"  "Francescade Rimini,"  "The Betrothal," 
"The  Widow's  Marriage,"  a  comedy,  and  some 
minor  poems  and  plays;  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Turkey  in  1871,  and  in  1875  was  transferred  to  the 
more  important  mission  of  Russia. 

Boles,  Thomas  ;  was  born  near  Clarksville,  John 
son  County,  Arkansas,  July  16,  1837;  worked  on  a 
farm  until  his  twentieth  year,  teaching  school  for  a 
part  of  three  years;  in  1859  and  I860  was  Deputy 
Sheriff  and  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Yell  County  Court; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  the  latter  year; 
in  1863  and  1864  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  Union 
Army,  experiencing  many  trials  from  ill-health  and 
military  arrests;  in  1865  was  chosen  Judge  of  the 
Fourth  Judicial  District  of  Arkansas,  which  position 
he  resigned  early  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Arkansas  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  the  State  Department.  Re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and  the 
Militia. 

Bond,  Hugh  Lennox ;  was  born  at  Baltimore? 
Maryland,  December,  16,  1828;  removed  Avith  his 
parents  to  New  York  City  in  early  life,  his  father 
being  then  the  editor  of  the  Christian  Advocate;  gradu 
ated  from  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in 
1848,  and  went  at  once  to  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
where  he  commenced  the  tudyoflaw;  wTas  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  entered  upson  the  practice  of  law  at 
Baltimore;  in  1860  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor, 
Judge  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  Baltimore,  and  in 
1861  was  elected  to  the  same  position;  served  until 
1868,  when,  by  the  adoption  of  the  new  State  Con 
stitution,  his  term  expired;  by  his  firmness  and  mod 
eration  during  the  trying  occurrences  incident  to  the 
war,  he  won  high  commendation;  was  a  leader  in  the 
advocacy  of  the  enlistment  of  slaves  for  service  in  the 
army;  when  the  National  Government  appointed 
certain  military  tribunals  for  the  trial  of  citizens  of 
Maryland,  the  State  not  being  under  martial  law, 
Judge  Bond  charged  the  Grand  Jury  to  endict  the 
members  of  such  unlawful  tribunals;  was  prominent 
in  the  movement  for  the  education  of  the  i'reedinen; 
in  1870  was  rppointed,  by  President  Grant,  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit; 
soon  after  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office  was  called 
upo  n  to  preside  in  the  famous  "  Ku  Klux  "  trials; 
in  1876  the  Supreme  Court  of  South  Carolina  having 
imprisoned  the  members  of  the  Presidential  Electoral 
Board  of  the  State,  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  sworn 
out  for  their  release  and  made  returnable  before  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court;  after  a  hearing,  in  which 
the  best  legal  talent  of  the  country  was  engaged,  the 
release  of  the  Board  was  ordered  on  the  ground  that, 
in  their  capacity  as  Electors,  they  exercised  a  Fed 
eral  function  and  were,  therefore,  not  amenable  to 
State  law  in  its  performance. 

Bond,  Shadrack;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
a  member  of  the  first  Legislative  Council  of  Ohio  in 
1799;  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the 
Territory  of  Illinois  from  1811  to  1815;  was  the  first 
Governor  under  the  State  Constitution.  In  1814  was 
appointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in  Kaskaskia, 
Illinois.  Died  at  Kaskaskia,  April  13,  1832. 

Bond,  William  Key ;  was  born  in  St.  Mays 
County,  Maryland;  emigrated  to  Ohioin  1812;  studied 
law  and  settled  in  the  practice  of  the  profession  at 
Chillicothe,  and  subsequently  at  Cincinnati;  was  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


47 


one  time  a  Colonel  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1835  to  1841.  Died  at 
Cincinnati,  February  17,  1864. 

Bonham,  Milledge  L.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina:  graduated  at  the  College  of  that  State  in  1834; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  his  native 
State,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  but  withdrew  in  December,  1860;  was  a 
Major-General  of  Militia,  and  served  in  Mexico  at 
the  head  of  a  batallion  of  South  Carolina  troops; 
served  as  a  Major-General  in  the  Confederate  Army 
in  1861;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1862 
to  1864;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Conven 
tion  of  1868. 

Boody,  Azariah  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress;  resigned  in  October,  1853. 

Booker,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Patrick  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  Decembers,  1821;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law,  and  taught  school; 
was  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  then  Presiding  Justice 
of  Henry  County  Court,  for  ten  years;  supported  the 
Government  during  the  Rebellion;  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia  in  1865;  was  nomi 
nated  -in  1868  as  State  Attorney-General,  but  de 
clined  the  nomination;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  in  1869,  as  a  Conservative;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress. 

Boon,  Ratliff  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1781;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1839,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Lands  during  the  Twenty-fourth 
Congress.  Died  in  Louisiana,  November  20,  1844. 

Boone,  A.  R.;  was  born  in  Davidson  County, 
Tennessee,  April  4,  1831;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law,  chiefly  by  himself,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1851;  in  1854  was  elected  a  County  Judge  for  four 
years;  re-elected,  but  resigned;  in  1861  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  but  resigned  and  returned  home, 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war;  in  1868 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  first  District  of  Kentucky, 
holding  the  position  for  six  years;  in  1874  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Boone,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  re 
sided  in  Pennsylvania;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  New  Mexico. 

Booth,  Newton ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Indiana, 
December  25,  1825;  graduated  at  the  Asbury  Univer 
sity  in  1846;  studied  law  in  Terre  Haute,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1850;  in  that  year  removed  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery  business 
in  Sacramento;  during  the  period  between  1857  and 
1860,  was  absent  from  California  and  practiced  the 
profession  of  law  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana;  on  re 
turning  to  California,  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1863;  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1871, 
and  served  until  March,  1874,  when  he  resigned,  hav 
ing  been  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Cali 
fornia  for  the  term  beginning  in  1875  and  ending  in 
1881. 

Booth,  Walter  ;  was  born  in  Woodbridge,  New 
Haven  County,  Connecticut,  December  8,  1791;  after 
receiving  a  good  school  education  in  New  Haven  set 
tled  in  the  town  of  Meriden ;  was  for  several  years  a 


merchant  and  manufacturer,  and  for  eighteen  years 
President  of  the  Merideu  Bank ;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  and  State  Senate;  in  1834  was  As 
sociate  Judge.of  the  County  Court;  was  Major-Gen- 
eral  of  Militia;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures. 

Borden,  James  "W. ;  was  a  citizen  'of  Indiana; 
in  1858  was  appointed  a  Commissioner,  with  power 
to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the  Government  of 
Hawaii. 

Borden,  Joseph ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Colonial  Congress  held  in  New  York  in 
1765. 

Borden,  Nathaniel  B.;  was  born  in  Fall  River, 
Massachusetts,  April  15,  1801;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1831,  1834,  and  1851;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  the  Fall  River  District, 
in  that  state,  from  1835  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Elections  and  Territories;  a  State  Senator  from  1845 
to  1848.  Died  at  Fall  River,  April  10,  1865. 

Boreman,  Arthur  Inghram ;  was  born  in 
Waynesburg,  Pennsylvania,  July  24,  1823;  when  a 
child  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Western  Virginia; 
received  a  common-school  education;  studied  law, 
and,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1845,  commenced  the  prac 
tice  at  Parkersburg;  in  1855  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Delegates  of  Virginia,  and  was  re-elected  until 
1860;  was  also  a  member  of  the  extra  session  of  the 
Legislature  in  1861,  taking  an  active  part  against  the 
secession  movement;  was  President  of  the  Wheeling 
Convention  of  1861,  to  re-organize  the  government  of 
Virginia;  in  October  of  that  year;  was  elected  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  held  the  office  until 
1863,  when  he  was  elected  Governor  of  West  Vir 
ginia;  was  twice  re-elected,  and  was  still  in  that, 
office  when  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  West 
Virginia,  for  the  term  commencing  in  1869,  and  end 
ing  in  1875;  served  on  the  Committees  on  Manufac 
tures  and  Territories. 

Boreman,  Jacob  E.;  was  born  in  Middletown, 
Tyler  county,  West  Virginia,  August  4,  1831 ;  gradu 
ated  at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1853; 
studied  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  came  to 
the  bar  in  1855  and  practiced  at  Parkersburg;  in  1858 
removed  to  Kansas  City,  Missouri;  was  elected  City 
Attorney  in  1861 ;  assisted  in  raising  troops  for  the 
war;  in  1862  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  elected  to  the  same  by  the  people;  ran  for 
the  Legislature  in  1868  and  was  defeated;  ran  again 
in  1869  and  was  elected;  subsequently  purchased  an 
interest  in  the  Kansas  City  Bulletin  and  became  its 
editor;  in  1873  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Borie,  Adolph  E.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  in 
1809;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
in  1825,  and  completed  his  education  in  France.  On 
his  return  to  this  country,  embarked  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  McKean,  Borie  &  Co.,  engaged  in  the  East 
India  trade.  Though  not  an  active  politician,  he 
was  one  of  the  originators,  and  moneyed  supporters, 
of  the  Union  League  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  elected 
Vice-President  of  that  body;  on  March  5,  1869,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Grant,  to  a  seat  in  the  Cabi 
net  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy;  resigned  June  22,  1869. 

Borland,  Charles,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Orange 
County,  New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 


48 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Assembly  in  1820 ;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1821  to  1823;  was  again  elected  to 
the  Assembly  in  1836. 

Borland,  Solon  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  edu 
cated  in  North  Carolina;  served  in  the  war  with 
Mexico  as  a  volunteer;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1844;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Arkansas, 
from  1848  to  1853;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  Central  America;  also  received 
from'  President  Pierce  the  appointment  of  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  but  declined;  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  Brigadier-General, 
and  before  the  State  had  seceded  raised  troops  and 
captured  Fort  Smith.  Died  in  Texas,  January  31, 
1864. 

Borst,  Peter  I.;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Schoharie  County,  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Post  Office  Department.  Died  at  Mid- 
dleburg,  New  York,  November  14,  1848. 

Boss,  John  L.,  Jr.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1815  to  1819. 

Bossier,  Peter  E.;  was  descended  from  an  old 
French  family  of  Louisiana;  after  serving  ten  years 
in  the  State  Senate,  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Congress  from  that  State.  Died  in 
Washington  before  the  expiration  of  his  term,  April 
24,  1844. 

Boteler,  Alexander  R.;  was  born  in  Shepherds- 
town,  Jeft'erson  County,  Virginia,  May  16,  1815; 
after  going  through  an  academic  course  of  studies  in 
his  native  town,  entered  Princeton  College;  graduated 
in  1835;  was  chiefly  devoted  to  rural  and  literary  pur 
suits;  in  1852  and  1856  w:is  ou  the  Electoral  tickets, 
Whig  and  American;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  during 
a  part  of  the  Rebellion,  served  as  a  Representative  in 
the  so-called  "Confederate"  Congress;  in  1875  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Centennial  Exhi 
bition. 

Botts,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Dumfries,  Prince 
William  County,  Virginia,  September  16,  1802;  re 
moved,  with  his  father,  to  Fredericksburg,  and,  sub 
sequently,  to  Richmond;  in  1811  lost  his  parents  at 
the  conflagration  of  the  Richmond  Theatre,  and  was 
sent  to  a  boarding-school;  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  practiced  for  six  years,  and 
then  retired  to  a  farm  in  Henrico  County;  served  in 
the  Legislature  from  1833  to  1839,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  oc 
cupied  that  position  until  1843;  was  also  elected  to 
the  Thirtieth  Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Atfairs;  afterwards  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Richmond,  where  he  then 
resided;  during  the  Rebellion  remained  faithful  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866; 
was  one  of  those  who  gave  bail  for  Jefferson  Davis 
in  1867. 

Bouck,  Gabriel ;  was  born  at  Fulton,  New  York, 
December  16,  1828 ;  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1847;  studied  and  practiced  law;  removed  to  Wis 
consin  in  1848;  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State  in 
1858  and  1859;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1860;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1868  and 
1872;  was  again  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1874, 
and  was  Speaker;  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  the 


Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth 
Congresses. 

Bouck,  Joseph;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1831 
to  1833,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Imprisonment 
for  Debt. 

Bouck,  William  O.;  was  born  in  Schoharie 
County,  New  York,  in  1786;  was  early  elected  to 
town  offices;  was  appointed  Sheriff  of  the  county  in 
1812;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1813, 
1815,  and  1817;  State  Senator  in  1820;  Canal  Com 
missioner  from  1821  to  1840;  Governor  of  the  State 
from  1843  to  1845;  in  1846  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  from  1846  to  1849  was  Assisfr- 
ant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  in  New  York  City; 
the  last  ten  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to  agricul 
ture.  Died  at  Schoharie,  April  19,  1859. 

Boude,  Thomas ;  wras  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1801  to  1803. 

Boudinot,  Elias ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May 
2,  1740;  studied  law,  and  became  eminent  in  that 
profession;  at  an  early  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Commissary  Gen 
eral  of  Prisoners;  in  the  year  1777  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  in  1782  was  made  President  of 
that  body;  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  en 
tered  the  House  of  Representatives  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  where  he  continued  from  1790  to  1795;  then 
succeeded  Rittenhouse  as  Director  of  the  Mint  of  the 
United  States,  an  office  which  he  resigned  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years;  from  that  time  lived  at  Bur 
lington,  New  Jersey;  devoted  himself  earnestly  to 
biblical  literature,  and  being  possessed  of  an  ample 
fortune,  made  munificent  donations  to  various  char 
itable  and  theological  institutions;  the  American 
Bible  Society,  of  which  he  became  President,  was 
particularly  an  object  of  his  bounty;  he  published 
several  books,  and  was  devoted  to  Natural  History. 
Died  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  October  24,  1821. 

Bouldin,  James  "W.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from 
1833  to  1839,  having  been  elected  to  the  Twenty- 
third  Congress  in  place  of  his  brother,  T.  T.  Bouldin, 
deceased. 

Bouldin,  Thomas  T.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
spent  his  youth  in  farming;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law,  and  reached  a  high  judicial  position:  was 
a  member  of  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1829  to 
1833;  died  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  February 
11,  1834;  he  had  been  re-elected  to  the  Twenty- 
third  Congress,  but  died  soon  after  entering  upo:i  his 
third  term.  On  the  day  preceding  his  death  he  was 
censured,  by  a  colleague,  for  omitting  to  call  the  atten 
tion  of  the  House  to  the  death  of  his  predecessor, 
John  Randolph,  and  had  risen  to  reply  when  he  was 
seized  with  paralysis,  sank  into  a  chair,  and  died 
inmediately.  Before  entering  Congress  he  had  been 
i  lawyer  of  high  rank,  and  an  able  and  upright 
Judge,  highly  respected  for  his  talents  and  integrity. 

Bouligney,  Dominique ;  was  born  in  Louisiana; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1824  to  1829,  and  died  in 
1833. 

Bouligney ,  John  Edmund ;  was  born  in  New 
Orleans,  February  5,  1824;  was  of  Creole  descent;  re- 
jeived  a  good  education;  held  several  offices  of  trust 
n  his  native  city,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
rom  Louisiana  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


49 


representatives  of  twelve  millions  of  people,  he  was 
the  only  one  who  refused  to  abandon  his  State  to  the 
leaders  of  the  secession  movement,  and  continued  in 
Congress  until  the  close  of  his  term.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  of  consumption,  February  20,  1864.  Domin 
ique  Bouligney,  formerly  a  Senator  from  Louisiana, 
was  his  uncle. 

Boulware,  William ;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia; 
in  1841  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Two 
Sicilies,  where  he  remained  until  1845. 

Bound,  Franklin;  was  born  at  Milton,  North 
umberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1829;  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Milton  Academy; 
taught  school  for  a  time;  studied  law  at  the  Easton, 
Pennsylvania,  Law  School;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Easton,  in  1853,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  his  native  town,  where  he  continued  to  reside; 
was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1860,  and  served  three 
years,  declining  a  renomination;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Kepublican  Gubernatorial  Convention  of  the  State 
in  1864;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  1868 ;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Bourne,  Augustus  O.;  was  born  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  October  1,  1834;  received  his  prepar-  1 
atory  education  in  the  public  schools;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1855;  engaged  in  the  manufac 
ture  of  India-rubber  goods  at  Providence;  in  1867 
founded  the  National  Rubber  Company,  of  Bristol, 
Rhode  Island,  of  which  he  became  the  executive 
head;  in  1873  removed  to  Bristol;  in  1876  was  elected 
State  Senator,  and  was  annually  re-elected,  without 
opposition,  until  1883,  when  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Rhode  Island;  was,  for  many  years,  connected  with 
the  State  Militia,  serving  in  •  every  capacity  from 
private  to  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Bourne,  Benjamin;  was  a  native  of  Bristol, 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  born  about  the  year  1755;  was 
educated  at  Harvard  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1775;  was  conspicuous  for  talents  and  learning,  and 
spent  a  large  part  of  his  life  in  public  and  honorable 
employments;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1790  to  1796,  when  he  resigned, 
and  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Rhode  Island.  Died  September  17, 
1808. 

Bourne,  Shearjasub ;  was  a  graduate  of  Harv 
ard  College  in  1764;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  Suffolk  County,  Massachusetts; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1791  to  1795. 
Died  in  1806. 

Boutelle,  Charles  A. ;  was  born  at  Damaris- 
cotta,  Maine,  February  9,  1839;  removed  to  Bruns 
wick,  Maine,  in  1848;  received  an  academic  education; 
entered  the  merchant  marine  service  and  rose  to  the 
command  of  a  vessel;  in  1862  entered  the  United 
Ktates  Navy  as  Acting  Master;  in  1864  was  promoted 
Acting  Lieutenant  ''for  gallant  conduct  in  the  action 
with  the  rebel  ram  Albemarle;"  commanded  the 
United  States  steamer  Nyanza,  assisting  in  the  capture 
of  Mobile,  Alabama;  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  in 
command  of  the  United  States  naval  forces  in 
Mississippi  Sound;  resigned  in  1866,  and  engaged  in 
business  in  New  York  City;  in  1870  returned  to  Maine 
ind  became  editor  of  the  Bangor  (Maine)  Daily 
Whig  and  Courier,  of  which,  in  1874,  he  became  the 
principal  owner;  in  1875  became  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Committee,  and  continued  in  that 
position;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Republican 
Convention  of  1876;  was  a  candidate  for  Congress  in 
1880,  and  greatly  reduced  the  opposition  majority, 


but  failed  of  election;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Maine  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Boutwell,  G-eorge  S.;  was  born  in  Brookline, 
Norfolk  County,  Massachusetts,  January  28,  1818; 
when  a  boy  had  some  experience  in  farming;  was  in! 
the  mercantile  business,  as  apprentice,  clerk,  and 
proprietor,  for  twenty  years;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  somewhat  late  in  life;  served  seven  years 
in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  between  the  years 
1642  and  1850 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1853,  and  also  of  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861 ;  was  a  Bank  Commissioner  in 
1849  and  1850;  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in 
1851  and  1852;  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  Education  for  five  years  ;  member  for  six  yeara 
of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Harvard  College;  was 
the  first  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  from 
July,  1862,  to  March,  1863;  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty- ( 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Committee; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  Reconstruction, 
on  a  Bureau  of  Education  and  Free  Schools  in  the 
District  of  Columbia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866:  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  his  old  Committees. 
A  volume  of  his  "Speeches  and  Papers"  was  pub 
lished  in  1867;  in  1868  was  one  of  the  Managers  of 
the  Impeachment  Trial  of  Andrew  Johnson ;  in  March, 
1869,  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  where  he  re 
mained  until  March,  1873,  when  he  entered  the 
United  States  Senate,  for  the  term  ending  in  1877. 

Bovee,  Matthias  J.;  was  born  in  New  York, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1835  to  1837,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  War  Department. 

Bowden,  Lemuel  J.;  was  born  in  the  North 
Neck  of  Virginia,  in  1812;  graduated  at  William  and 
Mary  College,  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  served 
three  sessions  in  the  Virginia  Legislature;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  amending  the  State 
Constitution,  in  1849;  also  of  the  Convention  for  the 
same  purpose  in  1851;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1861;  suffered  much  in  his  estate,  from  the  rebel 
armies,  during  the  early  part  of  the  Rebellion; 
while  the  Union  troops  were  at  Williamsburg,  he 
did  much  for  the  comfort  of  the  officers  and  men;  in 
1863  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Virginia, 
and  served  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions  and  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Died  in  Washington  City, 
January  2,  1864. 

Bowdoin,  James ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  August  8,  1727;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1745;  in  1753  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Court;  in  1756  was  State  Senator  and  Councilor;  in 
1769  was  removed  by  the  Governor  from  the  position 
of  Councilor,  for  his  opposition  to  the  Royal  Govern 
ment,  and  was  at  once  elected  Representative;  was 
chosen  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  in  1774, 
but  was  prevented  by  illness  from  attending;  in  1778 
was  President  of  the  Convention  for  forming  a  Con 
stitution,  and  in  1785  and  1786  was  Governor  of 
Massachusetts;  in  1788  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitution;  while 
Governor,  he  suppressed  the  "Shays'  Rebellion;" 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  and  first  President  of  the 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  from  1780  till  his 
death,  and  bequeathed  to  it  his  valuable  library ; 
aided  in  founding  the  Massachusetts  Humane  So 
ciety,  and  was  a  benefactor  of  Harvard  College;  con 
tributed  to  the  Pittas  et  Gratulatis,  on  the  accession  of 
George  III. ;  was  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems, 


50 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


published  in  Boston  in  1759:  in  1785  was  made  LL.D. 
by  the  University  of  Edinburgh.  Died  in  Boston, 
November  6,  1790. 

BDwdon,  Franklin  W.;  was  born  in  Alabama; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1846  to  1851;  in  1852  removed  to  Texas, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law.  Died  at 
Henderson,  Texas,  June  6,  1857. 

Bowen,  Christopher  Columbus ;  was  born  in 
Khode  Island,  January  3,  1832;  removed  to  Georgia 
in  1-850,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  set 
tled  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1862;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
'1867;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Freedmen's  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Freed- 
Dien's  Affairs  and  Invalid  Pensions;  was  subsequently 
elected  Sheriff  of  the  city  of  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina. 

Bowen,  Henry ;  was  born  at  Maiden  Spring, 
Tazewell  County,  Virginia,  December  26,  1841 ;  was 
educated  at  Emory  and  Henry  College,  Virginia;  en 
tered  the  Confederate  Army  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Civil  War;  was  promoted  to  a  Captaincy;  was  taken 
.prisoner  in  1864  and  confined  in  Fort  Delaware  until 
the  close  of  the  war;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1869,  and  re-elected  in  1871 ; 
was  elected  a  representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Bowen,  John  H.;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Bowen,  Rees  T.;  was  born  in  Tazewell  County, 
Virginia,  January  10,  1809;  received  an  academic 
•education;  was  a  farmer  and  grazier;  wrasa  Represent- 
•ative  in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  in  1863  and  1864; 
a  magistrate  for  several  years  prior  to  the  war;  and 
the  Presiding  Justice  of  the  County  Court  a  portion 
of  the  time;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Bowen,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  near  Burling 
ton.  Iowa,  in  October,  1835;  received  an  academic 
education ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  the  age  of  eighteen ;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1856,  at  the  age  of  twenty -one; 
removed  to  Kansas  in  1858  and  took  the  free  State 
•side  of  the  great  issue  then  pending  in  that  territory 
in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  Captain;  in  1862 
was  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy;  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General 
at  the  close  of  the  war  settled  in  Arkansas;  was  Pres 
ident  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867  anc 
1868;  served  four  years  as  a  Justice  of  the  State  Su 
preme  Court;  resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  ot 
Governor  of  Idaho  Territory  in  1871;  resigned  the 
.Governorship  and  returned  to  Arkansas,  where  he 
(was  defeated  for  United  States  Senator;  removed  to 
Colorado,  where  he  served  for  four  years  as  Judge  o 
the  Leadville  District;  was  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Colarado  for  six  years,  from  March  4 
1883. 

Bower,  G-ustavusB.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  wa, 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Bowers,  John  M.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813  to  1814. 

Bowie,  Oden ;  was  born  in  Prince  George  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  November  10,  1826;  educated  at  St 
Mary's  College,  Baltimore;  his  occupation  was  tha 


f  a  farmer;  was  a  Captain  in  the  Mexican  War; 
requently  served  in  the  Assembly  and  Senate  of  the 
itate;  Avas  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1867  to  1871; 
'resident  of  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Railway 
Company  from  the  time  of  its  construction;  was  also 
'resident  of  the  Baltimore  City  Passenger  Railway 
Company. 

Bowie,  Richard  I.;  was  born  in   Georgetown, 
District  of  Columbia,  June  23,  1807;  received  a  clas- 
ical  education;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  nine- 
eenth  year,  and,  subsequently  to  practice  in  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States ;  in  1836  and  1837 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Maryland;  in  1840 
vas  a  Delegate  to  the  Harrisburg  Convention,  called 
to  nominate  a  President;  was   a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1849  to  1853.     It  is  claimed  by  his 
Yiends  that  he  made  the  first  speech  in  the  House  of 
/Jepresentatives    on    the   Compromise    measures   of 
1850. 

Bowie,  Robert ;  was  a  native  of  Maryland  and 
a  man  of  education ;  was  Captain  in  the  Second  Bat 
talion  of  the  Maryland  Flying  Artillery  in  1776;  was 
Governor  of  Maryland  from  1803  to  1805,  and  from 
1811  to  1812.  Died  in  Maryland. 

Bowie,  Thomas  F.;  was  born  at  Queen  Anne. 
Prince  George  County,  Maryland,  April  7,  1808;  grad 
uated  at  Union  College,  New  York,  in  1837;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  served  as  Deputy  Attor 
ney-General  for  Prince  George  County  sixteen  years; 
served  three  terms  in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  in  the 
Thirty -fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses;  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia.  Died  at  Marlborough,  Maryland,  October  30, 
1869. 

Bowie,  "Walter;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  Convention  of  1776;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1802 
to  1805. 

Bowler,  Metcalf ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  Colonial  Congress  of  1765,  held  in  New 
York. 

Bowlin,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Spottsylvania 
County,  Virginia,  in  1804;  was  reared  a  mechanic; 
obtained  a  common  school  education;  after  studying 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Greenbrier  County, 
in  1827;  in  1833  was  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
in  1834  was  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the  State  House 
of  Representatives,  and  in  1835  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature;  in  1837  was  made  District 
^Attorney  for  St.  Louis;  soon  after  Attorney  for 
the  Bank  of  St.  Louis;  in  1839  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Criminal  Court;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1843  to  1851;  in 
1854  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  New  Gran 
ada;  in  1858  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Commissioner  to  Paraguay. 

Bowman,  George  "W.;  was  elected  Govern 
ment  Printer  for  the  United  States  Senate  in  1860. 

Bowman,  Selwyn  Zadock;  was  born  at  Charles- 
town,  Massachusetts,  May  11,  1840;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1860;  studied  law,  and  engaged 
in  its  practice;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  in  1870,  1871,  and  1875;  was  City 
Solicitor  of  Somerville,  Massachusetts,  in  1872  and 
1873;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1876  and  1877;  wa« 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Forty -sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses;  during 
his  Congressional  service  he  secured  the  passage  of  a 
law,  known  as  "  The  Bowman  Act,"  under  the  oper- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


51 


ation  of  which  Congress,  and  the  Executive  Depart 
ments,  have  been  relieved  of  a  large  amount  of  labor 
in  the  investigation  of  certain  classes  of  claims. 

Bowne,  Obadiah  ,  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Bowne,  Samuel  S.;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1834;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1841  to  1843;  in  1857  was  Judge 
of  Otsego  County;  held  various  other  positions  of 
trust  and  honor,  among  them  that  of  Deputy  Collec 
tor  of  the  port  of  New  York  City.  Died  in  Otsego 
County,  July  15,  1865,  aged  seventy  years. 

Boyce,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  October  24,  1819;  was  educated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  and  Virginia  University; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina  in  1842;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1853  to  December,  I860, 
when  he  resigned;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  as  a 
member  of  the  "Confederate"  Congress;  when  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  leaving  Congress  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious  States; 
subsequently  settled  in  Washington  City,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession. 

Boyd,  Adam ;  was  an  active  supporter  of  the 
Revolution,  and  a  man  of  strong  natural  ability;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1803  to  1805,  and  again  from  1808  to  1813.  Died  in 
Hackensack,  New  Jersey,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Boyd,  Alexander ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

Boyd,  John  H. ;  was  born  in  New  York;  in  1840 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Washing 
ton  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1851  to-  1853.  Died  at  Whitehall, 
New  York,  July  2,  1868. 

Boyd,  Linn  ;  was  born  in  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
November  22,  1800;  his  early  advantages  were  lim 
ited,  but  on  arriving  at  man's  estate  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  entered  politics,  and  in  1827  was  elected 
to  the  Legislatureof  that  State,  from  Galloway  County, 
serving  three  sessions;  in  1831  was  re-elected  for 
another  session  from  Trigg  County ;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1835  to  1837, 
and  from  1839  to  1855;  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Territories  during  the  Thirty-first  Congress, 
and  during  the  Thirty -second  and  Thirty-third  Con 
gresses  occupied  the  chair  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives;  also  served  one  term  as  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Kentucky ;  during  his  career  in  Congress 
he  labored  faithfully  and  constantly  for  his  constitu 
ents,  and  retired  to  private  life  with  a  high  reputa 
tion.  Died  in  Paducah,  Kentucky,  December  16, 
1859. 

Boyd,  Sempronius  H.;  was  born  in  William 
son  County,  Tennessee,  May  28,  1828;  received  » 
good  English  education;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  in  1861  raised  a  regiment  for  the  war,  and 
became  its  commander;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs, 
and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Unfinished 
Business;  subsequently  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession ;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  and 
made  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 


Boyd,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  June  25,  1830;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  at  Marshall  College,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1848;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  commenced  to  practice  at  Bedford,  Pennsyl 
vania;  removed  to  Illinois  m  1856;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  1861,  and  was  commissioned  Cap 
tain;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1866,  .and  re- 
elected  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Boyden,  Nathaniel;  was  born  in  Franklin 
Township,  Massachusetts,  August  16,  1796;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College,  New  York,  in  1820;  in  1821 
removed  to  North  Carolina;  there  taught  school; 
studied  law;  was  elected  a  number  of  times  to  the 
State  Legislature;  was  in  Congress  as  a  Representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  from  1847  to  1849,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department;  declined  a  re-election  for  the 
purpose  of  devoting  his  whole  attention  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1868  was  elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Ventilation  and  Laws. 

Boyer,  Benjamin  M.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  22,  1823;  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841;  studied 
law  and  adopted  that  profession ;  was  District  Attor 
ney  for  his  native  county  from  1848  to  1850;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions,  the  Militia,  the  War  Debts 
of  Loyal  States,  and  the  New  Orleans  Riots;  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
New  York  Convention  of  1868. 

Boyle,  Charles  E. ;  was  born  at  Uniontown, 
Pennsylvania,  February  4,  1836;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Waynesburg  College,  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  editor  of  the  Genius  of  Liberty  newspaper 
from  1856  to  1861 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1861 ;  engaged  in  practice  at  Uniontown, 
was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Fayette  County,  in 
1862,  and  served  three  years;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1865,  and  re- 
elected  in  1866;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Auditor-General  in  1868;  was,  for  several  years,  one 
of  the  State  Managers  of  the  Western  Hospital,  at 
Pittsburgh;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Boyle,  John;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  liber 
ally  educated ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  also  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1803  to  1809,  when  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Illinois  Territory;  was  a  dis 
tinguished  and  successful  lawyer  and  able  Judge; 
died  in  Kentucky,  January  28,  1834;  during  the 
eight  years  immediately  preceding  his  death  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Ken 
tucky,  having  been  appointed  by  President  Adams. 

Boyle,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  re 
moved  to  Dakota,  where  he  was  appointed  an  As 
sistant  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
Territory,  residing  at  Yankton. 

Brabson,  Reese  B.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  Died  in  Tennessee,  in 
September,  1863. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Brace,  Jonathan  ;  was  born  in  Harrington,  Con 
necticut,  November  12,  1754;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College  in  1779;  was  elected  a  Judge  of  Probate, 
Chief  Judge  of  the  Hartford  County  Court;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1798  to  1800;  was 
also  frequently  in  the  State  Legislature,  at  one  time 
State  Attorney  for  Hartford  County,  and  for  nine 
years  Mayor  of  Hartford.  Died  at  Hartford,  August 
26,  1837. 

Brackenridge,  Henry  M.;  was  born  in  Pitts 
burgh,  Pennsylvania,  May  11,  1786;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  began  to  practice  in 
Somerset,  Maryland;  descended  the  Mississippi  River 
in  1811;  received  the  appointment  of  Deputy  Attor 
ney-General  for  the  Territory  of  Orleans;  was  made 
District  Judge  at  the  age  of  twenty-three;  during  the 
War  of  1812  furnished  important  information  to  the 
Government;  afterwards  wrote  a  History  of  the  War, 
which  was  translated  into  French  and  Italian ;  advo 
cated  the  independence  of  the  South  American  Re 
publics;  wrote  a  pamphlet  addressed  to  President 
Monroe,  which  was  re-published  in  England  and 
France,  and  was  replied  to  by  the  Spanish  Minister, 
as  it  was  supposed  to  express  the  views  of  the  Ameri 
can  Government;  was  a  Commissioner  to  the  South 
American  Republics  from  1817  to  1819,  and  published 
"Voyage  to  South  America"  on  his  return;  in  1821 
went  to  Florida  with  General  Jackson,  and  was  made 
Alcalde  of  Pensacola;  was  then  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Western  District,  which  office  he  held  ten  years; 
removed  to  Pittsburgh  in  1833,  and,  in  1841,  was  a 
Commissioner  under  the  treaty  with  Mexico;  in  1834 
published  "Recollections  of  Persons  and  Places  in 
the  West;"  in  1847  a  series  of  letters  in  favor  of  the 
Mexican  War;  and,  in  1859,  a  "  History  of  the  West 
ern  Insurrection ; ' '  was  also  the  author  of  a  "  Jour 
nal  of  a  Voyage  up  the  Missouri  River. ' '  Died  in 
Pittsburgh,  January  18,  1871. 

Bradbury,  George ;  was  born  in  Portland,  then 
called  Falmouth,  Massachusetts,  in  1770;  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1789.  and  immediately  com 
menced  the  study  of  law ;  established  himself  in  the 
practice  at  Portland,  now  in  Maine.  From  1806  to 
1810  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  also 
in  1811  and  1812;  in  1812  was  chosen  to  represent 
the  Cumberland  District,  Massachusetts,  in  Congress, 
ps  successor  to  William  Widgery,  whose  vote  on  and 
support  of  war  measures  rendered  him  unpopular 
jwith  his  constituents.  Mr.  Bradbury  received  the 
approbation  of  a  second  election  in  1814.  After  this 
service  returned  to  his  profession,  which  he  pursued 
to  the  time  of  his  death;  was  Associate  Clerk  of  a 
Court  in  Portland  from  1817  to  1820;  a  State  Senator 
in  1822.  Died  at  Portland,  November  7,  1823. 

1  Bradbury,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Maine,  in 
1805;  graduated  at  Bo wdoin  College  in  1825;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  County  Attorney 
from  1834  to  1838;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1847  to 
1853,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Printing. 

'  Bradbury,  Theophilus ;  was  born  in  that  por 
tion  of  Newbury,  now  Newburyport,  in  1739;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  at  the  age  of  eighteen ; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Falmouth,  Maine,  until 
1779,  when  he  returned  to  his  native  town;  after 
filling  several  local  offices,  was  chosen  to  represent 
the  Essex  District  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1797, 
when  he  resigned;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1801, 
about  six  years  before  his  death,  which  occurred 
September  6,  1803,  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


Bradford,  Allen  A.;  was  born  in  Friendship,. 
Lincoln  County,  Maine,  July  23,  1815;  passed  hi* 
boyhood  on  a  farm ;  received  a  common  school  and 
academic  education ;  emigrated  to  Missouri  in  1841, 
where  he  studied  law,  and  carne  to  the  bar  in  1843; 
in  1845  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Atch- 
ison  County,  which  office  he  held  for  five  years;; 
in  1851  removed  to  Iowa;  in  1852  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  that  State, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1855;  during  the  latter 
year  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Nebraska;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Territory  in 
1856,  1857,  and  1858;  in  1860  settled  in  Colorado;; 
in  1862  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  that  Territory,  which  position  he  held  until  elected 
a  Delegate  i'rom  Colorado  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  ap 
pointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of  President  Lin 
coln  to  Illinois;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 

Bradford,  Augustus  "W. ;  was  born  in  Mary 
land;  in  1862  was  elected  Governor  of  that  State, 
serving  as  such  until  1866. 

Bradford,  Edward  Gr.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  settled  at  Wil 
mington,  Delaware;  in  1871  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Delaware. 

Bradford,  Taul ;  was  born  at  Mardisville,  Talla- 
dega  County,  Alabama,  January  20,  1835;  attended 
school  there,  and  in  DeKalb  County;  entered  the 
University  of  Alabama  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  grad 
uated  at  the  age  of  nineteen;  practiced  law  from  the 
age  of  twenty,  excepting  during  the  Civil  War,  when 
he  served  in  the  Confederate  Army;  in  1871  was 
elected  to  the  Alabama  Legislature,  and  served  two- 
sessions;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Bradford,  William ;  was  born  at  Plympton, 
Massachusetts,  November  4,  1729;  studied  medicine, 
and  established  himself  in  the  practice  at  Warren, 
Rhode  Island;  after  wards  removed  to  Bristol;  turned 
his  attention  to  the  law,  and  became  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  civilians  of  that  State;  took  an  active 
part  in  the  cause  of  his  country  during  the  Revolu 
tion,  and  afterwards  held  many  important  stations; 
was  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of  the  State;  was  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate  from  Rhode  Island,  from. 
1793  to  1797,  when  he  resigned;  was  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate  during  a  part  of  the  Fifth  Congress. 
Died  July  6,  1808. 

Bradford,  William ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
September  14,  1755;  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1772, 
with  high  honors;  was  engaged  in  the  study  of  law 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution ;  entered  the  army 
as  Major  of  Brigade  to  General  Roberdeau;  next 
commanded  a  company  of  regular  troops  under  Col 
onel  Hampton;  was  then  appointed  Deputy  Muster- 
Master-General,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
which  office  ill-health  compelled  him  to  resign  after 
serving  two  years;  returned  to  the  study  of  law,  and 
in  1779  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Pennsylvania;  in  August,  1790,  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  State;  in  1791  was  commis 
sioned  as  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  office 
he  held  until  1794,  when  he  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States;  in  1793  published  an 
"  Inquiry  how  far  the  Punishment  of  Death  is 
Necessary  in  Pennsylvania,"  with  notes  and  illustra 
tions;  in  the  earlier  periods  of  his  life,  some  of  his 
poetical  productions  were  published  in  the  I'hita- 
delphia  Magazine.  Died  August  '.v>>.  1795. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNA L  S  , 


53 


Bradley,  Abraham,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Connecti 
cut:  was  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster-General  in 
1817,  holding  the  office  about  one  year. 

Bradley,  Edward,  was  born  in  East  Bloornfield, 
Ontario  County,  New  York,  in  April,  1808;  passed 
his  boyhood  on  a  farm;  when  twenty-eight  years  of 
age  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  of  his  native  county;  in  1839  removed  to 
Michigan  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1842 
•was 'elected  to  the  Senate  of  Michigan;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirtieth  Congress. 
Died  in  New  York  City,  August  5,  1847,  while  on  a 
tour  for  the  benefit  of  his  health. 

Bradley,  James;  was  a  resident  of  Indiana; 
was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Nebraska. 

Bradley,  Joseph  P.;  was  born  in  Berne,  Albany 
County,  New  York,  March  14,  1813;  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  taught  school;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College, 
New  Jersey,  in  1836;  taught  an  academy  at  Mill 
stone  ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  of  that  State 
in  1839;  practiced  the  profession  at  Newark  from  the 
lime  of  his  admission  until  his  appointment  as  As 
sociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  March  21,  1870;  never  took  much  part  in 
politics;  was,  however,  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868; 
was  formerly  a  Whig,  -but  became  a  moderate  Repub 
lican;  although  he  was  never  identified  with  the 
anti-slavery  movement,  zealously  supported  the  Gov 
ernment  during  the  Rebellion.  His  grandfather 
served  as  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and 
his  father  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Bradley,  Lewis  B.;  was  born  in  Osage  County. 
Virginia,  February  18,  1805;  received  a  good  com 
mon-school  education;  emigrated  to  Missouri  in  1845, 
and  settled  in  Howard  County;  in  1852  removed  to 
California  and  settled  in  San  Francisco;  in  1860  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1866  removed  to 
Nevada;  in  1870  was  elected  Governor  of  that  State, 
and  re-elected  in  1874  by  a  greatly  increased  majority. 

Bradley,  Nathan  B.;  was  born  in  Lee,  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  May  28,  1831;  removed 
to  Lorain  County,  Ohio,  in  1835,  and  settled  on  a 
farm;  apprenticed  himself  to  learn  the  trade  of  a 
clothier,  and  served  the  term  of  three  years;  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  went  to  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  and 
spent  a  year  in  the  employ  of  lumber  manufacturers; 
returned  to  Ohio,  then  went  back  to  Michigan  to  en 
gage  in  his  vocation  of  manufacturing  lumber;  was 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  three  terms;  a  Super 
visor  one  term ;  an  Alderman  three  terms;  was  the 
first  Mayor  of  Bay  City,  declining  a  re-nomination: 
"was  a  candidate  for  the  Lower  House  of  the  Legis 
lature;  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1866,  but 
declined  a  re-nomination;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Bradley,  Phineas;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  in 
1818  was  appointed  an  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen 
eral. 

Bradley,  Stephen  Roe ;  was  born  in  Walling- 
ibrd,  Connecticut,  February  20,  1754;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1775;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
was  a  General  of  Militia,  the  intimate  friend  of  Gen 
eral  Ethan  Allen,  and  the  Aid  of  General  Wooster, 
whe;i  that  officer  fell  in  a  skirmish  with  the  enemy; 
was  the  first  Senator  from  Vermont  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  serving  from  1791  to  1795,  and 
from  1801  to  1813;  a  man  of  eminent  ability,  but  of 
eccentric  habits.  During  a  part  of  the  Seventh  and 


Tenth  Congresses  officiated  as  President  pro  tern,  of 
the  Senate.  Died  in  New  Hampshire,  December  9, 
1830. 

Bradley,  William  O.;  was  born  at  Westmin 
ster,  Vermont,  March  23,  1782;  entered  Yale  Col 
lege;  was  compelled  to  leave  when  a  freshman,  in 
1796,  and  yet,  in  1817,  the  Corporation  of  the  Insti 
tution  surprised  him  with  the  degree  of  M.  A. ;  stud 
ied  law  with  his  father,  Stephen  R.  Bradley,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802.  The  public  positions 
held  by  him  are  as  follows:  from  1800  to  1803,  Sec 
retary  of  Commissioners  of  Bankruptcy ;  from  1804  to 

1811,  State's-Attorney  for  Wiudham  County,    and 
part  of  this  period  Clerk  of  Westminster;  in  1806  and 
1807,  Representative  in  the  State   Legislature;    in 

1812,  member  of  the  State  Council;  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from   1813  to  1815;  from  1817  to  1822, 
agent  of  the  United  States  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent; 
again  in  Congress  from  1823  to  1827;  in  1850  again 
in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1856. a  Presidential  Elec 
tor;  in  1857  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention;  in  1858  took  formal  leave  of  the  bar,  at 
which  he  had  practiced  for  fifty-four  years,  conferring 
honor  upon  his  native  State  and  bearing  a  spotless 
reputation  as  a  man.     Died  at  Westminster,    Ver 
mont,  March  3,  1867. 

Bradshaw,  Samuel  O.;  was  born  in  Plumstead 
Township,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  June  10, 
1809;  received  a  common  school  education;  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Pennsylvania  Medi 
cine  College  in  1833;  was  a  Representative  from  his 
native  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Brady,  James  D.;  was  born  at  Portsmouth,  Vir 
ginia,  April  3,  1843;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  in  private  schools;  in  1855,  at  the  age  of 
twelve  years,  was  left  an  orphan,  and  in  1858  secured 
a  clerkship  in  New  York  City,  which  he  retained  un 
til  April,  1861,  when  he  resigned  to  enlist  in  the 
Union  Army;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War,  ris 
ing,  through  all  the  intermediate  grades,  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel,  which,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  held 
when  mustered  out  of  service  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
in  1865;  probably  the  youngest  officer  of  that  rank  in 
the  service;  three  years  of  his  service  were  passed  in 
the  Adjutant-General's,  Judge- Advocate's,  and  In 
spector-General's  Departments  of  the  Army;  after 
leaving  the  Army  he  settled  at  Petersburg,  Virginia, 
in  the  wholesale  and  retail  grocery  business;  in  1866 
sold  out  his  business  and  was  appointed  Naval  Store 
keeper  at  the  Gosport  Navy  Yard;  was,  for  a  time, 
Chief  Accountant  at  that  Navy  Yard;  in  1870  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Courts  at  Portsmouth,  Virginia, 
serving  until  1876;  was  then  appointed  a  Special 
Inspector  of  Customs;  in  1877  was  appointed  United 
State's  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Second 
Virginia  District;  was  tendered  the  position  of  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  State,  but  declined; 
in  1880  and  1884  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Conventions;  has  been  a  prominent  member 
of  all  State  Republican  Conventions  in  Virginia  since 
the  close  of  the  war;  was,  for  five  years,  Secretary, 
and  four  years  Chairman  of  the  State  Republican 
Committee;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  and  re 
signed  the  Collectorship. 

Brady,  Jasper  E.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1847  to  1849;  subsequently  settled  in  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and 
afterwards  in  Washington  City,  was  long  a  clerk  in 
one  of  the  Government  departments.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  January  23,  1870. 


54 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Brady,  Thomas  J.J  was  born  at  Mtincie,  In 
diana,  February  12,  1839;  received  a  common  school 
education;  taught  school  for  several  years  in  Muncie 
and  vicinity;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  18GO;  entered  the  Union  Army,  in  1861,  as 
Captain;  was  promoted  Major  in  1862,  and  to  a 
Colonelcy  in  1863;  served  throughout  the  .Civil  War, 
an<J  was  mustered  out  of  service  with  the  last  regi 
ment,  in  1865,  as  Brevet  Brigadier-General,  "for 
long  and  meritorious  service;"  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  at  Muncie,  Indiana,  and  became  the  publisher 
of  the  Muncie  Weekly  Times;  in  1870  was  appointed 
United  States  Consul  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies;  in 
1874  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
Central  Committee  of  Indiana;  in  1*75  was  appointed 
Supervisor  of  Internal  Revenue;  in  1876  was  ap 
pointed  Second  Assistant  Postmaster  General  of  the 
United  States,  and  served  until  1881,  when  he  re 
signed. 

Bragg1,  Edward  S.J  was  born  at  Unadilla,  New 
York,  February  20,  1827;  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1848;  removed  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Wisconsin,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  1850;  was  elected  Dis 
trict  Attorney  in  1854;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  at  Charleston  in  1860; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Fond  du  Lac  in  1866;  was  a  State  Sen 
ator  in  1868  and  1869;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  of  1872;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Bragg,  John;  was  born  in  North  Carolina;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Bragg,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Warrenton,  War 
ren  County,  North  Carolina,  November  9,  1810;  was 
chiefly  educated  at  the  Military  Academy  at  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  1831 ;  in  1842  was  elected  to  the  Assembly 
of  his  State;  in  1853  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was 
Governor  of  North  Carolina  for  two  terms,  from  1855 
to  1859 ;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1859,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Lands  and  Claims;  was  expelled  from  the 
Senate  in  July,  1861,  having  previously  taken  part  in 
the  Rebellion  as  Attorney  General  of  the  so-called 
Confederate  States.  Died  in  Raleigh,  January  21, 
1872. 

Brainerd,  Lawrence ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont,  during  the  session  of  1854  and 
1855,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  William  Upham,  de 
ceased  ;  was  for  many  years  a  leading  business  man  in 
the  town  of  St.  Albans. 

Brainerd,  Samuel  M.;  was  born  in  Erie  County, 
Pennsylvania,  November  13,  1842;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1869,  and  settled  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession;  was  elected  District  Attor 
ney  of  Erie  County  in  1872  and  served  three  years; 
•was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Bramlette,  Thomas  E. ;  was  born  in  Cumber 
land  County,  Kentucky,  January  3,  1817;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1837;  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  in  1841;  was  appointed  Attorney  for  the  Com 
monwealth  in  1848;  resigned  this  position  in  two 
years,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1856  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District;  in  1861 


resigned  this  office  to  enter  the  Federal  Army  as 
Colonel  of  the  Third  Kentucky  Infantry;  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Attorney,  and  resigned 
to  accept  the  nomination  for  Governor;  was  elected, 
in  1863,  for  four  years;  afterwards  removed  to  Louis 
ville,  and  was  one  of  the  most  successful  lawyers  in 
that  city. 

Branch,  John ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  4,  1782;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1801 ;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  in  1811  was  elected  a  State  Senator; 
re-elected  every  year  until  1817;  was  then  elected 
Governor  of  the  State;  again  entered  the  State  Sen 
ate  in  1822;  served  in  the  United  States  Senate  from 
1823  to  1829;  was  in  the  latter  year  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  Navy,  by  President  Jackson.  On  his  re 
turn  home  from  Washington,  in  1831,  was  elected  to 
a  seat  in  Congress  as  Representative  from  North  Car 
olina;  in  1834  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
in  1835  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
re  vise  the  State  Constitution;  in  1843  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Florida;  after  which 
service  he  .retired  to  private  life,  to  enjoy  in  peace  the 
love  and  respect  of  his  many  friends.  Died  at  En- 
field,  North  Carolina,  January  4,  1863. 

Branch,  Lawrence  O'Brien;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1820;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1838 ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories  and  on  Foreign  Affairs:  took 
part  in  the  Great  Rebellion  as  a  General,  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  September  17r 
1862. 

Brandebury,  L.  GK;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  appointed  from  that  State  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah,  re 
siding  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Brandegee,  Augustus ;  was  born  in  New  Lon 
don,  Connecticut,  July  15,  1828;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1849,  and  at  the  Yale  Law  School  in  1851 ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  elected  in  1854, 
1858,  1859,  and  1861,  a  member  of  the  Connecticut 
Legislature;  was  chosen  Speaker  in  the  latter  year; 
in  1861  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs  and  Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings, 
and  also  as  Chairman  of  a  Special  Committee  on  the 
Air-line  Railroad  from  Wash  ngton  to  New  York; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions,  and  the  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"' 
of  1866. 

Brandon,  George  C.;  was  Governor  of  Missis 
sippi  from  1827  to  1831. 

Bratton,  John;  was  born  at  Winnsboro',  Fair- 
field  County,  South  Carolina,  March  7, 1831;  received 
an  academic  education  at  Mount  Zion  Institute, 
Winnsboro';  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1850;  studied  medicine  and  took  a  medical  diploma 
at  the  South  Carolina  Medical  College  at  Charleston, 
in  1853;  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861; 
served  throughout  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-General;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  in  1865;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1866;  was  Chairman  of  the  South  Car 
olina  delegation  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tion  in  1876,  and  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


55 


Committee  the  same  year;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  j 
Carolina  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  at 
Cincinnati  in  1880,  and  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
State  Committee  that  year;  in  1881  was  elected,  by 
the  Legislature,  Comptroller-General  of  the  State  of 
South  Carolina,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  November,  1884, 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  to  nil  the  unexpired  term 
of  Hon.  John  H.  Evins,  deceased. 

Braxton,  Carter  ;  was  born  on  the  Mattapony 
River,  Virginia,  September  10,  1736;  graduated  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary;  inheriting  a  large 
fortune,  spent  three  years  in  England;  in  17(>0  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Burgesses,  in  which  he  was 
conspicuous;  was  Sheriff  of  King  and  Queen  County 
for  a  time;  on  the  commencement  of  the  war  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  was  a  Delegate 
from  Virginia  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1776, 
and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  after 
that  service,  frequently  served  in  the  Virginia  Legis 
lature;  having  lost  his  large  property  by  the  war, 
was  subsequently  greatly  perplexed  in  his  financial 
circumstances.  Died  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  of  par 
alysis,  October  10,  1797. 

Braxton,  Elliott  M.;  was  born  in  Matthews 
County,  Virginia,  October  8,  1823;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1851,  and  re- 
elected  in  1853;  was  elected  to  the  Common  Council 
of  Fredericksburg  in  1866;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty -second  Congress. 

Brayman,  Mason ;  was  Governor  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Idaho  from  1876  to  1880. 

Brayton,  "William  D. ;  was  born  in  Warwick, 
Kent  County,  Rhode  Island,  November  6,  1815;  was 
educated  at  Brown  University;  ill-health  preventing  I 
him  from  following  a  sedentary  profession,  entered  j 
into  active  mercantile  pursuits;  held  the  position, 
for  some  time,  of  Town  Clerk;  in  1841  was  elected 
to  the  State  Assembly,  serving  two  terms;  after  serv 
ing  for  two  years  in  the  Town  Councils,  part  of  the 
time  as  President,  was,  in  1848,  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  again  elected  to  the  State  Assembly  in  1851; 
in  1855  was,  a  second  time,  elected  State  Senator;  was 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  was  elected  a  member 
from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty- 
sixth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pat 
ents,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  in  1864  was  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  in  Warwick,  Rhode  Island. 

Brearly,  David  ;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army  and  a  brave  officer;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  and  Federal  Constitutional  Conven 
tions  of  New  Jersey;  Chief  Justice  in  that  State  for 
nine  years;  in  1789  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  of  New  Jersey.  Died  in 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  August  16,  1790,  aged  forty- 
four. 

Breatnitt,  John  ;  was  born  near  New  London, 
Virginia,  September  9,  1786;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Logan  County,  Kentucky,  in  1800;  was  a 
surveyor  and  school  teacher;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1810;  was  several  years  in  the 
Legislature;  was  Lieu  tenant-Governor  from  1828  to 
1832;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1832  to  1834, 
and  was  a  warm  supporter  of  Jackson  for  the  Presi 
dency.  Died  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  February  21, 
1834. 

Breck,  Daniel ;  was  born  near  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1788;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1812;  studied  law;  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1814; 


soon  after  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
there;  his  first  public  position  in  Kentucky  was  that 
of  Judge  of  a  County  Court;  in  1824  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  was  re-elected  for  five  years; 
from  1835  until  1840  was  President  of  the  Branch 
Bank  of  Kentucky  at  Richmond;  in  1840  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector;  in  1843  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1849  to  1851,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures; 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
Transylvania  University  in  1843,  and  he  attained  the 
title  of  Colonel  in  the  Militia  service;  after  leaving 
Congress  resumed  the  office  of  Bank  President. 

Breck,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Boston,  July  17, 
1771 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1823  to  1825.  Died  in  Philadelphia, 
September  1,  1862. 

Breckenridge,  Clifton  R.;  was  born  at  Lexing 
ton,  Kentucky,  November  22,  1846;  received  instruc 
tion  at  private  schools  until  nearly  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  entered  the  Confederate  service;  at  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War  engaged  in  business  for  two 
years,  and  then  entered  Washington  College  (now 
Washington  and  Lee  University),  where  he  remained 
three  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was  com 
pelled,  by  impaired  eyesight,  to  relinquish  his  studies; 
engaged  in  cotton  planting  in  Arkansas;  also  in  the 
commission  business  at  Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Breckenridge,  James;  was  born  near  Fincastle, 
Botetourt  County,  Virginia,  March  7,  1763;  gradu 
ated  at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1785;  in  1781 
was  a  soldier  in  Colonel  Preston's  Rifle  Regiment 
under  General  Greene;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1787,  and  became  a  successful  lawyer;  was  a  promi 
nent  leader  of  the  old  Federal  party  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State;  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Congress  from  1809  to  1817;  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and 
with  Mr.  Jefferson,  a  founder  of  the  University  of 
Virginia.  Died  at  Fincastle,  August,  1846. 

Breckenridge,  James  D.;  was  born  in  Jeffer 
son  County,  Kentucky ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  at 
Louisville,  in  May,  1849. 

Breckenridge,  John ;  was  a  Virginian  by  birth; 
was  the  author  and  advocate  of  the  celebrated  ' '  Res 
olutions  of  1798-99,"  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State; 
emigrated  to  Kentucky;  was  elected  United  States 
Senator  in  1801;  was  appointed  Attorney -General  of 
the  United  States,  by  President  Jefferson,  in  Jan 
uary,  1805,  holding  that  office  until  January,  1806. 
Died  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  December  14,  1806. 

Breckenridge,  JohnC.;  was  born  near  Lexing 
ton,  Kentucky,  January  16,  1821;  was  educate;!  at 
Centre  College,  Kentucky;  spent  a  few  months  at 
Princeton  College;  studied  law  at  the  Transylvania 
Institute,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Lexington; 
emigrated  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
for  a  time,  but  returned  to  Lexington,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  reside,  and  when  not  engaged  in  public 
duties  practiced  his  profession  with  success;  served 
as  a  Major  of  Infantry  during  the  war  with  Mexico, 
and  while  in  that  country  distinguished  himself  as 
the  counsel  of  Major-General  Pillow  during  the  fa 
mous  court-martial ;  on  his  return  from  Mexico  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  the  AshlanS  District  from  18ol 


53 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


to  1855;  President  Tierce  tendered  him  the  mission  to 
Spain,  but  family  affairs  compelled  him  to  decline 
the  honor;  was  elected  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  in  1856,  on  the  ticket  with  James  Buchanan, 
and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  ofiice  in  March, 
1857,  as  President  of  the  United  States  Senate;  in 
1860  was  nominated  by  the  Southern  Democratic 
party  as  their  candidate  for  President,  but  was  de 
feated;  in  1861  went  into  the  Senate  as  the  sxccessor 
of  Mr.  Crittenden;  was  expelled  from  the  Senate  on 
December  4,  1861;  took  part  in  the  Great  Rebellion 
as  a  General.  Died  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  May 
17,  1875,  leaving  behind  him  a  spotless  reputation. 
The  compiler  of  this  volume  has  special  reasons  for 
respecting  his  memory,  because  of  his  personal  as 
sistance  in  preparing  the  Introduction  to  the  First 
Edition  of  the  Dictionary  of  Congress,  in  1859,  in 
which  one  of  the  Senator's  most  eloquent  speeches 
was  originally  published. 

Breoksnridge,  William  Campbell  Preston ; 
•was  born  near  Baltimore,  Maryland,  August  28,  1837; 
while  his  father  was  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
Church,  of  Baltimore,  was  prepared  for  College  at 
Transylvania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky;  en 
tered  Centre  College,  at  Danville,  Kentucky,  in  1853; 
graduated  therefrom  in  1855;  studied  law;  graduated 
from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  in  1857,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  commencing  practice  at  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
in  the  same  year;  in  1862  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  Captain  of  Cavalry;  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel,  and,  at  the  time  of  the  surrender,  was  in 
command  of  a  Brigade  of  Kentucky  Cavalry;  was 
editor  of  the  Lexington  Observer  and  Reporter  from 
1866tol86S;  County  Attorney  from  1856  to  1870; 
member  of  the  City  Council  of  Lexington  from  1870 
to  1879;  Professor  of  Equity,  Jurisprudence,  and 
Pleadings  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  Kentucky 
University  in  1872;  Presidential  Elector  in  1872; 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of 
1876  and  1880;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress;  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  the  Cumberland  University 
and  the  Central  University. 

Breese,  Sidney ;  was  born  in  Whitesborough, 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  July  15,  1800;  attended 
Hamilton  College,  but  graduated  at  Union  College; 
removed  to  Illinois;  after  due  preparation,  and  be 
fore  becoming  of  age,  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  his 
first  public  position  was  that  of  Captain  of  Militia, 
after  which  he  became  Assistant  Secretary  of  State 
under  Secretary  Kane;  was  appointed  Postmaster  of 
Kaskaskia,  Illinois;  in  1822  was  appointed  State  At 
torney,  which  office  he  held  until  1827,  when  he  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Illi 
nois;  in  1829,  published  a  volume  of  Decisions  of  the 
supreme  Court,  which  now  bears  his  name,  and  was 
the  first  octavo  volume  published  in  the  State;  served 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war  as  a  Lieutenant  of  Volun 
teers;  in  1835  was  elected  a  Circuit  Judge;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1843  to  1849, 
and  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands;  was  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute 
during  President  Polk's  administration;  in  1850  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  Speaker;  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Illi- 
2ois  Central  Railroad;  in  1855  was  again  placed  on 
'the  Circuit  Court  bench,  and  made  Clfaf  Judge;  pub- 
Jished  a  work  on  Illinois  in  1869. 

Breitung',  Edward ;  was  born  in  the  city '  of 
pchaekau,  Germany,  November  10,  1831 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  College  of  Meiningen,  at  Meiningen, 
Germany;  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  set 


tled  in  Michigan;  engaged  in  business  at  Negaunee, 
in  that  State,  as  a  capitalist  and  land  speculator,  and 
in  iron  mining;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  for  the  term  of  two  years;  re 
signed  in  1873;  was  State  Senator  in  1877  and  1878; 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Negaunee  in  1878,  1880,  and 
1882;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Breng-le,  Francis;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1845.  Died  December  10,  1846. 

Brent,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Virginia ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1795 
to  1799,  and  again  from  1801  to  1803;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  1809  to  1814.  Died  December  30, 
1814. 

Brent,  Thomas  I/.  L.;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia; 
was  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Portugal  in  1822;  was 
appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  in  1825,  remaining  in 
that  capacity  until  1834. 

Brent,  "William,  Jr.;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia; 
went  to  Buenos  Ayres  in  1844  as  Charge  d' Affaires, 
and  remained  there  until  1846. 

Brent,  "William L.;  was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1823  to  1829.  Died  in  July,  1848. 

Brentano,  Lorenzo ;  was  born  in  Mannheim, 
Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  Germany,  November  4,  1813; 
received  a  classical  education ;  graduated  in  the  law 
at  the  Universities  of  Heidelberg  and  Frieberg;  en 
tered  upon  the  practice,  and  soon  attained  promi 
nence;  was  elected  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies;  in 
1848  was  elected  to  the  Frankfort  Parliament,  and 
when,  the  following  year,  the  Grand  Duke  of  Baden 
fled  from  the  Revolutionists,  became  President  of  the 
Provisional  Republican  Government;  after  the  defeat 
of  the  Revolutionary  forces  he  fled  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  in  Kalamazoo  County,  Michigan, 
as  a  farmer;  in  1859  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  press;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1862;  was  President  of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Educa 
tion  for  five  years;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  18l>8; 
was  appointed  United  States  Consul  at  Dresden  in 
1872,  serving  until  1876;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Brenton,  Samuel;  was  a  native  of  Gal  latin 
County,  Kentucky;  was  a  Minister  of  the  Gospel 
from  the  age  of  twenty  until  1848,  when,  stricken  by 
paralysis,  he  resigned;  was  appointed  Register  of  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  Land  Office;  was  elected  to 
Congress  from  Indiana  in  1851,  and  again  in  1855; 
was  also  President  of  the  Fort  Wayne  College.  Died 
March  29,  1857,  aged  forty-eight  years. 

Brents,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Pike  County, 
Illinois,  December  24,  1840;  removed  to  Oregon; 
received  a  collegiate  education;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Canyon  City,  Oregon;  was 
County  Clerk  of  Grant  County;  served  as  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives;  settled  in 
Washington  Territory;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Washington  Territory  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Brevard,  James ;  was  born  in  Iredell  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1819  to  1821. 

Brewer,  David  J.;  was  born  at  Smyrna,  in  Asia 
Minor,  June  20,  1837,  his  parents  being,  at  the  time, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNA  L  8  . 


57 


missionaries  to  the  Greeks;  his  parents  returned  to 
the  United  Stales  dnriug  his  infancy,  and  settled  in 
Connecticut;  young  Brewer  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  Hartford,  East  Hampton,  Middletown, 
and  New  Haven,  Connecticut;  entered  Wesleyan 
University,  at  Middletown,  in  1851;  at  the  close  of 
the  junior  year  went  to  Yale  College  and  entered  as 
a  junior;  graduated  from  the  latter  institution  in 
1856-  passed  one  year  in  the  law  office  of  his  uncle, 
David  Dudley  Field,  in  New  York  City,  and  then 
entered  the  Law  School  at  Albany,  New  York; 
.graduated  therefrom  in  1858,  and,  in  the  fall  of  that 
.year,  went  West;  in  1859,  settled  at  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1881,  was  ap 
pointed  a  United  States  Commissioner;  in  1832,  was 
'elected  Judge  of  Probate  and  Criminal  Courts  -of 
iLeavenworth  County,  Kansas;  in  1864,  was  elected 
District  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  District  of 
Kansas;  was  President  of  the  City  Board  of  Education 
-of  Leavenworth  in  1865;  was  Superintendent  of  the 
^Leaven  worth  Public  Schools  in  1866',  1867  and  1868; 
in  the  latter  year,  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Leavenworth  County;  in  1870,  was  elected  an 
•Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Kansas, 
for  the  term  of  six  years;  was  re-elected  in  1876  and 
1882;  in  1884,  resigned  from  the  State  Bench  to 
.accept  the  appointment  of  United  States  Circuit 
Judge  for  the  Eighth  Judicial  Circuit,  tendered  him 
toy  President  Arthur. 

Brewer,  Francis  B.;  was  born  at  Keene,  New 
Hampshire,  October  8,  1820;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1843;  studied  medicine,  and  gradu 
ated  as  M.  D.  in  1845,  at  Hanover  (N.  H.)  Medical 
College;  practiced  his  profession  in  Vermont,  and  at 
Plymouth,  Massachusetts;  in  1851  removed  to  Titus- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
'ness;  in  1853,  in  connection  with  others,  organized 
'the  Pennsylvania  Rock  Oil  Company,  the  pioneer 
•petroleum  enterprise;  Col.  E.  L.  Drake  became  a 
stockholder  and  sunk  the  first  oil  well,  this  company 
being  thus  the  means  of  inaugurating  the  oil  traffic; 
Mr.  Brewer  then  settled  at  Westtield,  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1873  and 
1874;  Government  Director  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail 
road  from  1874  to  1878;  Manager  of  the  State  Insane 
Asylum  at  Buffalo  in  1881  and  1882;  was,  for  ten 
years,  President  of  the  First  National  Bank,  West- 
iield;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Brewer,  J.  Hart ;  was  born  in  Hunterdon  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  March  29,  1844;  received  a  good  ed 
ucation;  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  pottery;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in 
1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Brewer,  Mark  S.;  was  born  at  Addison,  Michi 
gan,  October  22,  1837;  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
until  he  reached  the  age  of  nineteen;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1864,  and  commenced  practice  in  Pontiac; 
was  City  Attorney  in  1866  and  1867;  was  Circuit 
Court  Commissioner  from  1866  to  1869;  served  two 
years  as  State  Senator;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Brewster,  Benjamin  Harris  ;  was  born  in  Sa 
lem  County,  New  Jersey,  October  13,  1816;  gradu 
ated  from  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1834; 
studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1838,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Philadelphia;  became  eminent  in  his 
profession;  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk,  to  ad- 


j  judicate  the  claims  of  the  Cherokee  Indians  against 
the  United  States;  in  1867  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1881  was  appointed,  by 
President  Gariield,  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States;  resigned  in  1882,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Philadelphia. 

Brewster,  David  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1839  to  1843.  Died  at  Oswego,  February  21, 
1876. 

Bridges,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  McMinn 
County,  Tennessee,  October  9,  1825;  was  educated  at 
the  East  Tennessee  University;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State  in 
1849  and  in  1854.  holding  the  office  for  eleven  years; 
held  the  positions  of  Bank  Attorney  and  Railroad 
Director;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
in  1861,  to  serve  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress; 
but,  being  arrested  by  the  "Confederates,"  during 
the  Rebellion,  did  not  take  his  seat  until  towards  the 
close  of  the  last  session. 

Bridges,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Colchester, 

j  Connecticut,  January  27,  1802;  received  an  academic 

j  education,  and  graduated  at  Williamstown  College  in 

182(J;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

1829;  in  1830  removed  to  Pennsylvania;  was  for  seven 

years  Deputy  Attorney-General  of  the  State  for  Le- 

higli  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 

Pennsylvania,  from  1848  to  1849,,  and  from  1853  to 

1855;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Forty-fifth 

Congress.     Died  January  14,  1884. 

Briggs,  Ansel ;  was  elected  Governor  of  Iowa  in 
1846,  and  remained  in  the  office  until  1850. 

Briggs,  George ;  was  born  in  Fulton  County, 
New  York,  in  1805;  removed  to  Vermont  in  1813,  to 
the  Legislature  of  which  State  he  was  elected  in  1837; 
in  1838  settled  in  the  City  of  New  York,  and  for 
many  years  devoted  himself  to  the  hardware  busi 
ness,  by  which  he  amassed  a  fortune ;  represented  the 
City  of  New  York  in  Congress  from  1849  *o  1853.  and 
in  1858  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866.  Died  at. 
Saratoga,  June  1,  1869. 

Briggs,  George  N.;  was  born  in  Adams,  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  April  12,  1796;  com 
menced  life  by  learning  the  trade  of  a  hatter;  spent 
one  year  in  an  academy ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  was  Register  of  Deeds 
from  1824  to  1831;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1831  to  1843,  officiating  dur 
ing  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Post  Office;  from  1844  to  1851  was 
Governor  of  Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1853; -from  1853 
to  1859  held  the  position  of  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas;  was  a  Trustee  of  Williams  College 
for  sixteen  years;  a  noted  advocate  of  the  Tem 
perance  Cause.  Died,  in  1861,  from  the  effects  of  an 
accidental  gun-shot  wound.  An  interesting  biog 
raphy  of  him  was  published  in  1866,  by  Rev.  Wm. 
C.  Richards. 

Briggs,  James  F.;  was  born  at  Bury,  Lan 
cashire,  England,  October  23,  1827;  emigrated  to  the 
United  States;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Hillsboro,  New  Hampshire; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1856, 


58 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1857,  1858,  and  1874;  in  1871  removed  to  Manchester, 
New  Hampshire;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Brigham,  Elijah ;  was  a  native  of  Northborough, 
Massachusetts;  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in 
1778;  studied  law  at  Harvard;  was  a  merchant  by 
occupation;  held  many  positions  of  trust  and  respon 
sibility;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1811  to  1816,  when  he  resigned.  Died 
in  Washington  City,  of  croup,  April  22,  1816,  aged 
sixty-six  years. 

Brigham,  Lewis  A. ;  was  born  at  York  Mills» 
New  York,  January  2,  1831 ;  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College  in  1849;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1855;  removed  to  New  Jersey;  was  elected 
Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City  of 
Bergen  from  1866  to  1870;  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Police  Commissioners  of  Jersey  City  from  1874  to 
1876;  was  a  Representative  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress.  Died  February  20, 
1886. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.;  was  born  at  Norwich,  Che- 
nango  County,  New  York,  December  18,  1812;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education ;  studied  law  as  a  pro 
fession;  was  Circuit  Judge  of  Indiana;  State  Senator; 
Marshal  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Indi 
ana;  Lieu  tenant-Governor  of  that  State;  was  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Indiana  from  1845  to  1857,  and 
President  of  the  Senate  during  several  sessions;  was 
elected  for  an  additional  term  in  1857,  for  six  years, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds,  and  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Finance  and  the  Pacific  Railroad;  was  expelled 
for  alleged  disloyalty  in  February,  1862;  subsequently 
settled  in  Kentucky,  and  was  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  that  State.  Died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  May 
20,  1875. 

• 

Bright,  John  Morgan  ;  was  born  at  Fayette- 
ville,  Tennessee,  January  20,  1817;  received  his  early 
education  at  Fayetteville,  and  at  Hillsborough,  North 
Carolina;  graduated  at  Nashville  University  in  1839, 
and  from  Transylvania  University  in  1841 ;  practiced 
law;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee 
in  1847  and  1848;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Private  Laud  Claims;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  also 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses. 

Brinker,  William  Hugh;  was  born  in  Craw 
ford  County,  Missouri,  December  23,  1851;  in  1853 
removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Warrensburg,  Johnson 
County,  Missouri ;  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  State  University,  at  Columbia, 
Missouri,  remaining  at  the  latter  institution  one 
year;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  June, 
1873;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Warrensburg; 
in  1876  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Johnson 
County,  Missouri;  was  twice  re-elected,  serving  three 
successive  terms;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico;  soon 
after  removed  to  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico. 

Brinker hoff,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Adams 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1788;  emigrated  at  an  early 
period  to  New  York;  during  the  last  war  \.ith  En 
gland  served  in  command  of  a  volunteer  company, 


and  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Queens- 
town;  was  twice  elected  to  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture;  for  many  years  held  the  office  of  Major-General 
of  the  New  York  Militia;  in  1837  removed  to  Ohio; 
was  elected  to  Congress,  as  Representative  from  that 
State,  in  1843.  Died,  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  in  Huron  County,  Ohio,  April  30,  1844. 

Brinkerhoff,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Bristol,  Warren ;  was  born  at  Stafford,  Genesee 
County,  New  York,  March  19,  1823;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Ransomville,  Niagara  County,  New 
York,  in  1829;  received  an  academic  education;  re 
moved  to  the  city  of  Lockport,  New  York,  in  1845; 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  the  Hon.  Edward  I.  Chase, 
in  that  city;  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Minnesota 
in  1850  and  settled  at  Minneapolis;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Minneapolis;  in  1852  was  the  first  District  Attor 
ney  of  Hennepin  County,  of  which  Minneapolis  was 
the  County  seat;  removed  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota, 
in  1855;  held,  successively,  the  offices  of  District 
Attorney  and  Judge  of  Probate,  in  that  County;  waa 
President  of  the  first  Republican  State  Convention  of 
Minnesota,  in  1855,  which  was  held  at  St.  Paul,  and 
at  which  the  Republican  party  was  first  organized  in 
that  State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  1864;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1865;  was  a  State  Senator  from 
1866  to  1870;  in  1872  was  appointed,  by  President 
Grant,  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
Mexico;  was  re-appointed  by  President  Grant  in 
1876  and  by  President  Hayes  in  1880. 

Bristol,  William ;  was  born  in  Hamden,  Con 
necticut,  in  1779;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1798; 
studied  law,  and  was  for  many  years  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  New  Haven  bar;  was  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Ccrart  for  the  State  of  Connec 
ticut;  was  a  member  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that 
State  from  1819  to  1826.  Died  at  New  Haven,  March 
7,  1836. 

Bristow,  Benjamin  H.;  was  born  in  Elkton, 
Todd  County,  Kentucky,  June  20,  1832;  graduated 
at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1851;  studied 
law,  and  began  practice  at  Elkton  in  1853;  removed 
to  Hopkins ville.  Kentucky,  in  1858,  and  continued 
his  profession  there;  in  1861  entered  the  army  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Twenty- fifth  Kentucky  In 
fantry:  subsequently  commanded  the  Eighth  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry;  while  serving  in  the  field,  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years,  but  resigned  at  the 
end  of  two  years,  and  resumed  his  profession  in 
Louisville;  in  1866  was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Kentucky;  resigned 
in  1870;  in  October,  1870,  was  appointed  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  United  States;  resigned  in  the  autumn 
of  1872;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
June  3,  1874. 

Bristow,  Francis  M. ;  was  born  near  Nicholas- 
ville,  Jessamine  County,  Kentucky,  August  11,  1804; 
received  a  good  English  education;  studied  law,  and 
divided  his  time  between  that  profession  and  farming; 
in  1831  and  1833  was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature;  in  1846  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1849  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in 
1854  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Pressly  Ewing;  in  1859  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Agriculture 
and  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three.  Died  at 
Elkton,  Kentucky,  June  10,  1864. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


5',' 


Broadhead,  James  O.;  was  born  at  Chariot ts- 
ville,  Virginia,  May '29,  1819;  received  a  classical  ed 
ucation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Missouri  in  1842,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  that  State;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  of  Missouri  in  1847;  a  State  Senator 
from  1850  to  1854;  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1861 ;  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  East?rn  District  of  Missouri  in  that 
year;  was  Provost-Marshal-General  of  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Missouri  in  1863;  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1875;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from.  Missouri  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Broadhead,  John  O.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833,  and 
again  from  1837  to  1839. 

Brochus,  Perry  E.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  Utah,  and  in  1850  was  appointed 
a  United  States  Judge  for  that  Territory;  subse 
quently  resided  in  Washington  City. 

Brockenbrough,  J.  W.;  was  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  that  District. 

Brockenbrough,  William  H.;  was  born  in 
1813;  went  to  Florida  for  the  benefit  of  his  health, 
which,  during  his  residence  there,  was  a  continual 
depression  upon  his  physical  and  mental  energies; 
under  the  Territorial  Government,  was  a  Senator 
from  the  Western  District,  and  at  one  time  President 
of  the  Senate;  was  United  States  District  Attorney, 
and  also  Judge;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Florida  from  1845  to  1847;  was  also  a  Presidential 
Elector  on  several  occasions  Died  at  Tallahassee, 
Florida,  in  June,  1850,  of  pulmonary  consumption. 

Brockway,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Ellington, 
Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1820; 
commenced  active  life  by  teaching  in  the  academy  at 
East  Windsor  Hill ;  studied  law ;  practiced  the  pro 
fession;  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1839  to  1843. 

Broderick,  Case ;  was  born  in  Grant  County, 
Indiana,  September  23,  1839;  in  early  childhood  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Jasper  County,  Indiana, 
and  settled  upon  a  farm;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  that,  then  new  and  sparsely  settled, 
section;  in  1859,  went  to  Jackson  County,  Kansas, 
and  purchased  a  tract  of  laud,  which  he  engaged  in 
cultivating;  in  1862,  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army, 
serving  throughout  the  Civil  War;  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  returned  to  Kansas,  and  soon  thereafter  was 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  removed  to  Hal  ton, 
the  county  seat  of  Jackson  County,  and  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law;  in  1868  was  elected  Probate  Judge;  was  sev 
eral  times  re-elected;  was  elected  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  Jackson  County  and  served  four  years;  in 
1880  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  served  one 
term  of  two  years;  on  March  24,  1884,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Arthur,  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Idaho;  at 
once  removed  to  Boise  City,  Idaho,  and  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  his  j  udicial  duties. 

Broderick,  David  O.;  was  born  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  of  Irish  parentage,  in  December,  1818; 
when  a  boy  of  five  years  removed  to  New  York  City 
with  his  father;  during  his  youth  was  apprenticed  to 
the  trade  of  a  stone-cutter,  which  was  the  trade  of 
his  father;  was  for  many  years  foreman  of  a  fire- 


engine  company  in  New  York,  during  waich  pericd 
he  was  an  active  politician;  removed  to  California  in 
1849,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  smelting  and 
assaying  gold;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  drafted  the  Constitution  of  that  State;  served 
two  years  in  the  California  Senate,  and  was  President 
of  that  body  in  1851;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  California  in  1856,  for  the  long  term, 
taking  his  seat  during  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  Died  at  San  Francisco, 
California,  September  16,  1859,  from  a  wound  re 
ceived  in  a  duel  fought  with  David  S.  Terry,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State,  on  the 
13th  of  the  same  month.  He  was  the  first  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate  ever  killed  in  a  duel;  it 
is  said  that  some  of  the  marble  pillars  in  the  old 
Senate  Chamber,  where  he  had  a  seat,  were  cut  by 
his  own  father. 

Brodhead,  John ;  was  aminister  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  for  forty-four  years ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1829  to  1833.  Died  at  New  Market,  New  Hamp 
shire,  April  7, 1838,  aged  sixty -seven  years. 

Brodhead,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Canaan,  New 
Hampshire,  and  was  the  son  of  John  Brodhead,. 
formerly  a  member  of  Congress;  educated  partly  at 
the  New  Market  Seminary;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  as  a  physician ;  was  appointed  Second  Comp 
troller  of  the  United  States  Treasury  and  held  the 
office  until  1857;  was  an  Alderman  of  Washington 
City  in  1861  and  1862,  and  introduced  the  first  Union 
resolutions  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run;  was  a  Com 
missioner  for  the  District  of  Columbia  under  the 
Emancipation  Act  in  1862;  in  1863  was  again  ap 
pointed  Second  Comptroller,  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  January,  1876,  when  he  resigned. 
Among  his  other  official  positions  held  at  different 
times  may  be  mentioned  those  of  Trustee  of  an 
Asylum,  and  of  a  College,  and  also  that  of  a  Bank 
Cashier. 

Brodhead,  Richard;  was  a  native  of  Pike 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1843  to  1849;  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  Senate  from  Pennsylvania  from  1851  to  1857. 
Died  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  September  17,  1863. 

Brogden,  Curtis  H.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County r 
North  Carolina;  as  a  boy  worked  on  his  father's  farm;, 
early  took  an  interest  in  military  atfairs  and  became 
a  General  of  Militia;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1838,  and,  in  one  or  the  other  of  the  two- 


pointed  a  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue;  after  the 
additional  service  of  four  years  in  the  State  Senate 
was,  in  1872,  elected  Lieutenant-Governor;  on  the 
death  of  Governor  Caldwell,  in  1874,  became  the' 
Governor  of  the  State;  among  the  other  public  posi 
tions  which  he  held  may  be  mentioned  those  of  State 
Director  of  the  Weldon  and  Wilmington  Railroad, 
Trustee  of  the  State  University,  and  Justice  of  Wayne 
County;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Bromberg,  Frederick  George ;  was  born  in 
New  York  City,  June  19,  1837;  removed  to  Mobile, 
Alabama,  in  1838;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1858;  was  a  student  in  the  Chemical  Laboratory 
of  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  from  1861  to  1863; 
was  elected  tutor  in  mathematics  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1863;  resigned  in  1865  and  returned  to  Mobile; 
was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the  city  of  Mobile  in. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1867,  and  served  until  1869;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  of  Alabama  from  1868  to  1872;  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Mobile  in  1869,  and  removed 
in  1871;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  and 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  served  on  the 
•Committee  on  Commerce. 

Bromwell,  Henry  P.  H.;  was  born  in  Balti 
more,  Maryland,  August  26,  1823 ;  spent  seven  years 
•of  his  boyhood  in  Ohio;  went  with  his  father  to  Illi 
nois'  in  1836 ;  received  a  good  English  and  classical 
education;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and 
practiced  in  different  parts  of  the  State;  from  1852  to 
1854  was  the  publisher  and  editor  of  the  Age  of  Steam 
•and  Fire,  at  Vandalia;  in  1853  was  elected  Judge  of 
Fayette  County  for  four  years;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1860;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
•on  the  Committees  on  Patents,  Expenses  in  the  State 
Department,  and  the  Civil  Service;  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures. 

Bronson,  David ;  was  born  in  Suffield,  Connecti 
cut;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1819;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  as  Representative,  in 
1832  and  1834,  and  as  Senator  in  1816;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Norridgewock,  Maine, 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands;  from  1850  to  1853  was 
•Collector  of  Customs  at  Bath,  Maine;  from  1854  to 
1857  was  Judge  of  Probate  for  Sagadahock  County. 
Died  in  Talbot  County,  Maryland,  in  November, 
1863. 

Bronson,  Isaac  H.;  was  born  in  Rutland,  New 
York,  October  16,  1802;  was  educated  for  the  bar, 
and  admitted  to  practice  in  1822;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1839, 
officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories;  in  1839  was  appointed  one  of  the  Territorial 
Judges  of  Florida,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death 
served  continually  on  the  bench,  at  the  time  of  his 
•death  being  District  Judge  of  the  United  States  for 
Northern  Florida.  Died  at  Palatka,  August  13,  1855. 

Brooke,  Robert ;  was  Governor  of  Virginia  from 
1794  to  1796. 

Brooke,  "Walter;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi  from  1852  to  1853,  in  place  of  H.  S. 
Foote,  resigned.  Took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Brookings,  "W  W.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Utah ;  was  appointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Brooks,  David;  was  born  in  1736;  entered  the 
army  in  1776  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Pennsylvania 
•line;  was  captured  at  Fort  Washington,  and  remained 
a  prisoner  for  two  years;  upon  being  exchanged  was 
promoted  Assistant  Clothier-General  at  headquarters, 
an  office  of  responsibility,  which  he  so  tilled  as  to 
secure  the  friendship  of  Washington;  after  the  close 
•of  the  war  removed  to  New  York,  and  afterwards 
settled  in  Dutchess  County,  representing  each  locality 
in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  May  1797,  to  July, 
1797;  a  Commissioner  for  making  the  first  treaty  with 
the  Seneca  Indians  (signed  where  the  city  of  Utica 
now  stands),  and  subsequently  first  Judge  of  Dutchess 
County  for  sixteen  years.  Died  at  his  home,  where 
he  was  universally  esteemed,  in  August.  1838. 

Brooks,  G-eorg-e  M.;  was  born  in  Concord,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July  26,  1824;  graduated  at  Cambridge 


in  1844;  studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  in  1858;  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1859;  of  the  Committee  chosen  in  1859  to  revise  the 
statutes  of  Massachusetts ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress  in  1869,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  1864  was 
chosen  an  Overseer  of  Harvard  College,  and  was  for 
several  years  Chairman  of  the  Greek  Committee. 

Brooks,  G-sorge  "W.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  resided  at  Elizabeth  City,  from  whence  he  was, 
in  1866,  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  North  Carolina. 

Brooks,  James ;  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine, 
November  10,  1810;  when  only  eleven  years  of  age 
became  a  clerk  in  a  store;  when  sixteen  was  a  school 
teacher,  and  at  the  age  of  nearly  twenty -one  gradu 
ated  at  the  Waterville  College;  was  an  extensive 
traveler  both  in  this  country  and  Europe,  and  pub 
lished  a  large  number  of  letters  descriptive  of  his 
tours;  in  1835  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Maine;  in  1836  established  the  New  York  Duly  E.c- 
pre-n,  of  which  he  was  the  chief  editor  and  proprietor; 
in  1817  was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  Leg 
islature;  from  1849  to  1853  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  city  of  New  York,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Ways  and  Means  and  the  Pacific  Railroad,  but  his 
seat  was  successfully  contested  by  W.  E.  Djdge; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union 
Convention  "  of  18i>6;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ways  and  Means, 
Reconstruction,  and  on  Rules;  re-ele;tedto  the  three 
succeeding  Congresses,  and  during  one  of  the  re 
cesses,  performed  a  tour  around  the  world,  about 
w'lich  he  published  an  interesting  book.  Died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  April  30,  1873. 

Brooks,  John  ;  was  born  in  Medford,  Massachu 
setts;  brought  up  on  a  farm;  received  a  common 
school  education,  at  which  time  Count  Rumlbrd  was 
a  fellow  student,  and  an  intimacy  with  him  continued 
through  correspondence  during  the  life  of  the  Count; 
was  apprenticed  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  for  seven 
years,  to  Dr.  Tufts;  commenced  the  practice  of  med 
icine  at  Reading,  where  he  commanded  a  company  of 
Minute-men  in  1775;  was  in  nearly  all  the  battles  of 
the  Revolution,  and  was  especially  distinguished  at 
Saratoga;  in  1778  was  associated  with  Inspector-Gen 
eral  Steuben  in  the  duty  of  introducing  a  uniform 
system  of  exercise  and  manoeuvres,  and  was  Ad 
jutant-General  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth;  to  him 
belongs  the  credit  of  sending  Cuyler  to  give  the  alarm 
to  Arnold's  forces;  after  the  war,  resumed  the  practice 
of  medicine  in  Medford;  was  for  many  years  Major- 
General  of  Militia,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
was  against  Shay's  Rebellion;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Convention  for  adopting  the  Federal  Constitution, 
which  he  advocated;  was  appointed,  by  Washington, 
Marshal  of  his  District,  and  Inspector  of  the  Revenue 
in  1795;  was  State  Senator  and  Councilor;  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State  from  1812  to  1815;  its  Governor 
from  1816  to  1823,  when  he  retired  to  private  life; 
received  from  Harvard  University  the  degrees  of 
M.D.  and  LL.  D.  in  1816;  was  President  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Medical  Society  from  1817  until  his  death; 
of  the  Cincinnati  from  1787;  and  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Bible  Society.  Died  at  Medford,  March  1,  1825. 

Brooks,  Micah  ;  was  born  in  Cheshire,  Connec 
ticut,  in  1775;  was  educated  by  his  father,  with 
whom  he  removed  to  Western  New  York,  where  he 
taught  school;  settled  on  a  farm;  was  a  Justice  of! 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


61 


the  Peace  in  1806,  and  for  twenty  years  thereafter 
was  a  County  Judge ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1808  and  1809;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1815  to  1817;  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1821;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1824.  Died  at  Liv 
ingston  County,-  New  York,  July  7,  1857. 

Brooks,  Preston  S.;  was  born  in  Edgefield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  in  August,  1819;  graduated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College  in  1839;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  was  a  State  Representa 
tive  in  J844;  in  1846  raised  a  company  of  volunteers, 
was  made  Captain,  and  served  in  the  Palmetto  regi 
ment  during  most  of  the  Mexican  War;  after  the 
Avar  levoted  himself  to  planting;  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  in  1853,  and  again  in  1855;  in  1856  made  a  per 
sonal  assault  upon  Charles  Sumner,  in  the  United 
States  Senate  Chamber,  which  event  caused  much 
excitement  throughout  the  country; -the  attack  was 
caused  by  words  uttered  in  debate  by  Senator  Sum 
ner  against  A.  P.  Butler,  who  was  Mr.  Brooks'  rela 
tive.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
January  27,  1857. 

Broom,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mary 
land,  July  25,  1808;  received  a  classical  education; 
on  removing  to  Pennsylvania,  was  appointed,  in 
1840,  Deputy  Auditor  of  that  State;  in  1849  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Orphans'  Court  for  the  City  and 
County  of  Philadelphia;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty -fourth  Congress. 
Died  in  Washington,  in  November,  1864. 

Broomall,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Upper  Chiches- 
ter,  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  19, 
1816;  received  a  good  classical  and  mathematical  ed 
ucation  in  the  schools  of  the  Quakers,  to  which  sect 
Ins  family  had  belonged  for  several  generations ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  devoted  to  that  profession;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  the  State;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1861 ;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eight  Congress, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Accounts 
and  Public  Expenditures;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures,  on  Accounts,  and  on  the  Memphis 
Riots;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Broome,  James  E.;  was  Governor  of  Florida 
from  1853  to  1857. 

Broome,  James  M.;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1794;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware,  from  1805  to  1807. 

Brough,  John ;  was  born  in  Marietta.  Ohio, 
September  17,  1811;  began  life  as  a  printer;  entered 
the  Ohio  University;  in  1831  published  at  Marietta 
the  Washington  Counly  Republican,  and  in  1833  the 
Lancaster  Eagle;  was  clerk  of  the  Ohio  Senate  from 
1835  to  1838;  then  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  from 
1839  to  1845  Auditor;  in  1846  opened  a  law  office  in 
Cincinnati  ai  d  published  the  Inquirer;  in  1848  was 
President  of  the  Madison  and  Indianapolis  Railway; 
in  1853,  of  the  Bellefontaine  and  Indianapolis  Road; 
in  1863  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio.  Died  in  Cleve 
land,  August  29,  1865. 

Broughton,  Thomas ;  was  Councilor  and  Col 
lector  of  Customs  in  South  Carolina  in  1808;  after 
ward  Lieutenant-Governor;  May  3,  1855,  was  made 
Governor,  serving  in  that  position  until  his  death  in 

1858. 

Brown,  Aaron  V.;  was  born  in  Brunswick 
County,  Virginia,  August  15,  1795;  graduated  at 


Chapel  Hill  University  in  1814;  in  1815  removed,, 
with  his  parents,  to  Tennessee,  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  law;  when  admitted  to  prac 
tice,  became  a  partner  of  the  late  James  K.  Polk,  in 
Giles  County;  served  for  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Legislature  <  i'  Tennessee;  in  1839  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  from  Tennessee,  and  re-elected  in 
1841  and  1843;  on  his  retirement  from  Congress  in 
1845,  was  elected  Governor  of  Tennessee;  was  at  all 
times  considered  one  of  the  most  faithful  and  in 
dustrious  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  in  Ten 
nessee.  His  last  position  was  that  of  Postmaster 
General  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Buchanan. 
Among  the  measures  which  marked  his  administra 
tion  of  our  postal  affairs  may  be  mentioned  the 
establishment  of  a  new  and  shorter  oceanic  communi 
cation  to  California,  by  Tehuantepec;  of  the  great 
overland  mail  from  Memphis  and  St.  Louis  to  San 
Francisco,  and  another  across  the  continent,  by  the 
way  of  Salt  Lake.  His  speeches,  Congressional  and 
political,  were  published  at  Nashville  in  1854.  Died 
in  Washington,  March  8,  1859. 

Brown,  Addison ;  was  born  at  West  Newbury, 
Massachusetts,  February  21,  1830;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  from  Harvard  College 
in  1852;  studied  law  at  Harvard  Law  School,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  that  institution  in 
1854;  in  that  year  removed  to  New  York  City;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1881  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York. 

Brown,  Albert  GK;  was  born  in  Chester  District, 
South  Carolina,  May  31,  1813;  taken  to  Mississippi 
when  a  boy;  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1835  to  1839; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi  in 
1840  and  1841;  Governor  of  Mississippi  from  1844  to 
1848;  was  again  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1848  to  1854;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Superior  Court  in  1852  and  1853;  was  elected  a. 
United  States  Senator  from  1854  to  1858 ;  was  re-elected 
for  six  years,  commencing  March  4,  1859,  but  was  ex 
pelled  in  March,  1861,  and  joined  the  Great  Re 
bellion  ;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  a. 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  and  that 
of  Enrolled  bills.  His  collected  speeches  were  pub 
lished  in  one  volume  in  1859. 

Brown,  Anson;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a. 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  during 
the  years  1839  and  1840.  Died  at  Ballston,  New 
York,  June  21, 1840,  much  respected  for  his  character 
and  acquirements. 

Brown,  Bedford ;  was  born  in  Caswell  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1795;  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Commons  of  that  State  in  1815,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  many  years;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1829  to  1841,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture  during  several 
sessions;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  retired  to 
private  life;  was  first  elected  to  the  Senate  by  one 
majority,  and,  to  a  great  extent,  by  a  mere  acci 
dent;  but,  having  acquitted  himself  with  ability,  was 
re-elected  by  a  large  majority.  Died  in  Caswell 
County,  December  6,  1870. 

Brown,  Benjamin ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1809,  1811,  and  1812;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1815  to  1817. 

Brown,  B.  Gratz  ;  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky,  May  28,  1826;  graduated  at  the  Transylvania. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


University  in  1845,  and  at  Yale  College  in  1847; 
studied  law  in  Louisville,  and  settled  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  from  1852  to  1858;  assisted  in  establishing  the 
Missouri  Democrat,  and  edited  that  journal  from  1854 
to  1859;  a  speech  that  he  delivered  in  the  Legislature 
in  1857  was  the  initial  movement  in  behalf  of  freedom 
in  that  State ;  when  the  wnr  broke  out,  in  1861, 
volunteered  and  raised  a  regiment,  which  assisted  in 
the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson,  and  which  he  com 
manded  during  its  term  of  service;  subsequently  com 
manded  a  brigade  of  militia  during  an  invasion  of 
the  State;  his  efforts  in  behalf  of  freedom  were  con 
tinued  during  the  progress  of  the  Rebellion,  and  he 
was  foremost  in  organizing  the  movement  which  re 
sulted  in  the  Ordinance  of  Freedom  in  1864;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Missouri  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1863  and  ending  in  1867,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  Pacific 
Railroad,  Indian  Affairs,  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds,  Printing,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate,  and,  sub 
sequently,  on  the  death  of  Senator  Foote,  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds;  in  1872  received  a  complimentary  vote  for 
President  of  the  United  States;  John  Brown,  formerly 
a  Senator  from  Kentucky,  was  his  grandfather,  and 
his  father,  Mason  Brown,  was  a  prominent  Judge. 
Died  December  13,  1885. 

Brown,  Charles;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1841  to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1849;  subse 
quently  held  the  office  of  Collector  of  the  Port  of 
Philadelphia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Brown,  Charles  Elwood ;  was  born  at  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  July  4,  1834;  attended  Greenfield  Acad 
emy  two  years,  then  entered  Miami  University,  at 
Oxford,  Ohio,  from  which  institution  he  was  gradu 
ated  in  1854;  then  went  South,  and,  while  serving 
as  tutor,  studied  law;  in  1859,  returned  to  Ohio  and 
settled  at  Chillicothe  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1861, 
enlisted  in  the  Union  Army;  served  throughout  the 
Civil  War,  earning  promotion  by  his  gallantry,  until, 
at  its  close,  he  had  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  and 
Brevet  Brigadier-General;  in  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
in  1864,  commanded  his  regiment  and  lost  a  leg; 
while  recovering  from  his  wound  served  as  Provost- 
Marshal  of  the  Eighteenth  Ohio  District;  at  the  close 
of  the  war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Chillicothe,  Ohio;  in  1872,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Grant,  United  States  Pension  Agent  at  Cincin 
nati,  serving  four  years;  in  1884,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Brown,  Elias  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland,  from  1829  to  1831;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1820,  1828,  and  1836. 

Brown,  Ethan  Allen  ;  was  born  at  Darien,  Con 
necticut,  July  4,  1776;  was  educated  by  an  Irish 
scholar,  and  acquired  a  critical  knowledge  of  lan 
guages;  read  law  with  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  was 
almitted  to  the  bar  in  1862;  emigrated  to  the  West, 
and  in  1804  settled  to  practice  in  Cincinnati;  was 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  from  18JO  to 
1818;  Governor  of  the  State  from  1818  to  1822; 
United  States  Senator  from  1822  to  1825;  Canal  Com 
missioner  from  1825  to  1830;  United  States  Minister 
to  Brazil  from  1830  to  1834;  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office  in  1835  and  1836;  removed  to 
Indiana  in  183G;  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  Legis 
lature  in  1842.  Died  in  Indianapolis,  February  24, 
1852. 


Brown,  G-eorge  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Massachusetts, 
was  a  Commissioner  to  Hawaii  from  1843  to  1846. 

Brown,  George  H.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1828;  adopted  the 
pi'ofession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  State  Constitution  of  1844 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Brown,  Henry  B.;  was  born  at  Lee,  Berkshire^ 
County,  Massachusetts,  March  2,  1836;  graduated' 
from  Yale  College  in  1856;  traveled  in  Europe  for  a 
year;  studied  law  at  the  Yale  and  Harvard  Law 
Schools;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  in  1860,  and  engaged  in  practice  there;  was  As 
sistant  United  States  Attorney  for  several  years;  was 
Circuit  Judge  of  Wayne  County,  by  appointment, 
for  several  months  of  the  year  1868;  in  1876  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Michigan. 

Brown,  James  ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  October, 
1766;  studied  law;  settled  first  in  Mississippi,  at 
Natchez;  was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  after  its  ac 
quisition.  This  led  him  to  New  Orleans,  which  be 
came  his  home;  was  appointed  United  States  Attor 
ney  for  the  District  of  Louisiana,  and  rose  to  a  high 
rank  at  the  bar;  was  appointed  a  Territorial  Judge 
in  1804 ;  was  chosen  to  the  United  States  Senate  from 
Louisiana,  and  served  from  1812  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1824,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreigjj1  Relations;  resigned,  and  was 
appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France;  re 
mained  abroad  five  years,  and  subsequently  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  died  of  apoplexy,  April  7, 
1835.  He  was  the  brother  of  John  Brown,  of  Vir 
ginia. 

Brown,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Hampton, 
Maine,  February  1,  1824;  removed  to  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  1840,  where  he  studied  law;  in  1844,  took 
up  his  residence  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  in  1846 
was  chosen  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Milwaukee 
County;  in  1848  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  in  1861  was  Mayor  of  Milwaukee;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Elections. 

Brown,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1776;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  and  as  a 
member  of  one  or  two  State  Conventions;  was  the  first 
Associate  Judge  elected  by  the  people;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1841 
to  1845.  Died  at  Lancaster,  March  2,  1848. 

Brown,  John  ;  was  born  at  Staunton,  Virginia, 
September  12,  1757;  was  a  student  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  New  Jersey,  when  the  American  Army  retreated, 
and  the  college  was  closed;  joined  the  troops,  crossed 
the  Delaware,  and  remained  in  the  army  under 
Washington  for  some  time;  was  subsequently  under 
the  command  of  Lafayette,  after  which  he  completed 
his  education  at  William  and  Mary  College;  was  a 
school  teacher  two  years ;  studied  law,  and  removed 
to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  in  1782;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  Legislature  from  the  District  of 
Kentucky,  and  was  appointed  a  Delegate  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1787  to  1788; 
was  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Federal 
Congress  from  1789  to  1791;  a  United  States  Senator  j 
from  1793  to  1805;  was  the  last  survivor  of  the  old 
Congress,  and  the  first  member  from  the  Valley  of 
the  Mississippi;  was  eminent  as  a  patriot,  statesman, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


and  citizen;  he  was  one  of  those  who  voted  to  locate 
the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac.  Died  in 
Frankfort,  Kentucky,  August  28,  1837. 

Brown,  John;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  January  27,  1736;  was  bred  to  mercantile 
pursuits;  was  one  of  the  men  who  captured  the 
Gaspce  in  Providence  River,  in  1772;  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Revolution,  and  was  an  ardent  friend  of 
the  Constitution ;  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1784,  but  did  not  take  his  seat  in 
that  body;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1799  to  1801.  Died  September 
20,  1803. 

Brown,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1809  to  1810. 

Brown,  John;  was  born  in  Mifflin  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1825. 

Brown,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Giles  County, 
Tennessee,  January  6,  1827;  was  reared  on  a  farm; 
received  a  collegiate  education,  graduating  from 
Jackson  College,  Tennessee,  in  1846;  taught  school 
and  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848 
and  commenced  practice  at  Pulaski,  Tennessee;  in 
1861  entered  the  Confederate  Army,  and  was  made 
Captain;  served  with  distinction  throughout  the 
Civil  War,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Major-General;  was 
a  Delegate  to,  and  was  elected  President  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1870;  in  that  year  was 
elected  Governor  of  Tennessee;  was  re-elected  in  1872, 
serving  until  1875;  in  1876  was  elected  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  Texas  and  Pacific  Railway  Company;  in 
1881  became  General  Solicitor  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railway  Operated  and  Leased  Lines,  and  the  Texas 
and  Pacific  Railway,  comprising  the  great  railway 
system  of  the  Southwest. 

Brown,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Dundee,  Scot 
land,  about  the  year  1797;  came,  with  his  father,  to 
the  United  States  in  1802;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1818; 
was  elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1820;  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  in  1832, 
and  re-elected  in -1834;  in  1849  was  elected  a  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State,  and  re-elected  in 
1857,  retiring  from  the  Bench  in  1865,  to  resume  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  although  always  a  Demo 
crat  in  politics,  he  supported  the  war  measures  of 
President  Lincoln  with  great  zeal ;  he  was  a  very  suc 
cessful  lawyer,  and  it  is  said  that  none  of  his  rulings 
as  a  Judge  were  ever  reversed  by  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals.  Died  at  his  residence  in  Newburg,  New  York. 
September  6,  1875. 

Brown,  John  Young ;  was  born  in  Claysville, 
Hardin  County,  Kentucky,  June  28,  1835;  graduated 
at  Centre  College,  Danville,  in  1855;  studied  law  and 
adopted  the  profession;  in  1859  was  elected  to  Con 
gress,  but  not  having  attained  the  constitutional  age, 
declined  to  take  his  seat;  in  1867  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
but  in  March,  1868,  his  claim  to  a  seat  was  rejected 
by  the  House;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  various  Com 
mittees. 

Brown,  Joseph  E.;  was  born  in  Pickens  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  April  15,  1821;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Georgia,  when  a  boy;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  taught  school;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1845;  afterwards  graduated  at  the  Law  School 
of  Yale  College,  returned  to  Georgia  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  in  1846;  in  1849  was  elected  a 


State  Senator;  in  1852  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1855  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the 
Blue  Ridge  Circuit;  in  1857  was  elected  Governor; 
re-elected  in  1859;  was  again  re-elected  in  1861,  and 
again  in  1863;  in  1868  was  appointed,  by  the  Gov 
ernor,  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  re 
signed  in  1870  to  accept  the  Presidency  of  the  West 
ern  Atlantic  Railroad  Company;  was  appointed  United 
States  Senator  from  Georgia  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  John  B.  Gordon  in  1880,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1885,  and  his  appointment  was 
confirmed  by  the  Legislature;  was  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  March  3,  1891. 

Brown,  Milton;  was  born  in  Ohio;  removed  to 
Tennessee;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1841  to  1847. 

Brown,  Morgan  "W.;  was  a  native  of  Tennessee; 
in  1834  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the 
District  comprising  that  State;  resided  at  Nashville. 

Brown,  Neill  S.;  was  born  in  Giles  County, 
Tennessee,  in  July,  1810;  his  parents  were  poor,  and 
unable  to  give  him  an  education;  worked  upon  the 
farm,  and  studied  at  night;  his  school  opportunities 
were  almost  entirely  confined  to  the  winter  season, 
at  the  old-time  country  log  school  house ;  made  the 
most  of  his  opportunities,  and,  upon  reaching  man 
hood,  studied  law;  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Pulaski,  Giles  County,  Tennessee, 
about  1833;  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Florida  war  of 
1836-37;  after  the  close  of  his  service  returned  to 
Pulaski,  and  to  the  practice  of  the  law ;  in  1842  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Tennessee  Legisla 
ture,  serving  two  years;  in  1844  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1847  was  the  candidate  of  the  Whig  party 
against  Hon.  Aaron  V.  Brown,  for  Governor  of  Ten 
nessee;  was  elected;  moved  to  Nashville  in  October, 
1847;  was  again  a  candidate  for  Governor  in  1849, 
but  was  defeated;  in  1850  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor,  Minister  to  Russia,  serving  four  years; 
at  the  expiration  of  his  service  as  Minister  returned 
to  his  home  at  Nashville,  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  in  1855,  with  much  reluctance,  con 
sented  to  become  a  candidate  for  the  Lower  House  of 
the  Tennessee  Legislature;  was  elected,  and,  after  a 
long  contest,  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House;  in 
the  fall  of  1856  was  again  a  candidate  for  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Harris, 
President  of  the  Military  Board  of  Tennessee;  after 
the  evacuation  of  Nashville  by  the  Confederates,  he 
took  no  further  part  in  the  war,  but  remained 
quietly  at  his  home,  until  he  was  sent  South,  within 
the  Confederate  lines,  by  Andrew  Johnson,  Military 
Governor  of  Tennessee;  after  the  termination  of  the 
war,  returned  to  his  home,  and,  in  many  speeches, 
advised  the  people  to  submit  to  the  authorities,  and 
to  bend  their  energies  to  the  development  of  the  re 
sources  of  their  State;  in  1870  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention,  and  took  an 
active  and  leading  part  in  the  proceedings  of  that 
body.  Died,  at  his  home,  in  January,  1886. 

Brown,  Orlando;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  in 
July,  1849.  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Indian 
Affairs,  being  the  first  who  held  the  office  after  it 
became  a  Bureau  of  the  Interior  Department;  con 
tinued  in  office  until  July,  1850. 

Brown,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1798  to  1815. 

Brown,  Thomas ;  was  Governor  of  Florida  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Brown,  Titus;  was  born  in  Cheshire  County, 
New  Hampshire;  graduated  at  Middelbury  College 


64 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  1811;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1820  to  1825;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  18:25 
to  1829;  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Memorial  of  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee;  in  184:2 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and  made  President; 
also  held  the  offices  of  Solicitor  of  Hillsborough 
County  from  1823  to  1825,  and  from  1829  to  1834,  and 
Railroad  Commissioner.  Died  at  Francistown,  New 
Hampshire,  January  31,  1849.  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Brown,  "William ;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1819  to  1823. 

Brown,  William  Gr.;  was  born  in  Preston 
County,  Virginia,  September  25,  1801;  received  a 
good  English  education;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1823;  in  1832  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia;  served  again  in  that  capacity 
from  1840  to  1843;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1845  to  1849;  in  1850  \vasa  mem 
ber  of  the  Virginia  State  Convention;  in  18(50  a  Del 
egate  to  the  "  Charleston  Convention,"  and  also  to 
that  held  in  Baltimore;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Virginia  Convention"  of  1861,  and  opposed  the 
action  of  the  Secessionists;  on  his  return  home  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures 
and  the  Militia;  in  1863  wa^  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress  as  a  Representative  from  West  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  on  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Brown,  "William  J.;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1805;  emigrated  to  Indiana  in  1821;  was  at  one  time 
iSecretary  of  State  for  Indiana,  and  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Indiana  from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849 
to  1851;  was  Assistant  Postmaster-General  under 
President  Polk;  editor  of  the  Indiana  Sentinel;  State 
Librarian  of  Indiana;  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
Special  Agent  of  the  Post  Office  Department  for  In 
diana  and  Illinois.  Died  near  Indianapolis,  March 
18,  1857. 

Brown,  "William  R. ;  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New 
York,  in  1840,  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1862; 
became  a  lawyer,  and  settled  in  Kansas  in  1862;  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  of  Kansas 
in  1867;  re-elected  in  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kansas  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Brown,  William  Wallace ;  was  born  at  Sum- 
merhill,  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  April  22,  1836; 
removed  with  his  parents,  to  the  then  wild  country 
now  embraced  in  Elk  County,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  was  reared  without  educational  advantages  until 
he  had  almost  attained  his  majority;  then  attended 
Smithtield  Academy,  in  McKean  County,  and  after 
wards  Alfred  College,  New  York;  he  had  almost  com 
pleted  his  course  at  the  latter  institution,  and  gradu 
ating  day  was  near  at  hand,  when  the  Civil  Wai- 
broke  out  and  he,  at  once,  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army  for  a  three-years  term;  served  with  gallantry 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  a  large  part  of  the  time  in 
the  noted  Bucktail  Regiment;  studied  law;  was 
elected  Recorder  of  McKean  County,  Pennsylvania; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866  and  engaged  in  prac 
tice;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in  that  year;  re 
moved  to  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1869,  and 
settled  at  Corry  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1872 
to  1876;  in  1878  removed  to  Bradford,  Pennsylvania; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 


Browne,  George  H. ;  was  born  in  Gloucester, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1818;  was  left  an  orphan  at  an  early 
age,  but  managing  to  obtai-i  a  common  school  educa 
tion  by  his  own  exertions,  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1840;  studied  law,  but,  soon  entering  into 
politics,  was  elected  to  both  the  Charter  and  Suffrage 
Legislatures  of  his  State  in  1842;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844;  was  again  elected  to  the  Rhode 
Island  Legislature,  and  re-elected  until  1852;  during 
that  year  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  United 
States  Attorney  for  Rhode  Island;  was  re-appointed 
by  President  Buchanan,  which  office  he  held  until 
elected  a  Representative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Elections;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  and 
Baltimore  Conventions,  and  to  the  Peace  Congress  of 
1861. 

Browne,  John  Ross ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  in 
1817;  in  his  eighteenth  year  descended  the  Missis 
sippi  and  Ohio  Rivers,  from  Louisville  to  New  Or 
leans;  acquired  the  art  of  stenography,  and  was  for  a 
time  a  reporter  in  Washington;  in  1846,  after  visit 
ing  a  great  portion  of  the  world,  published  "Etch 
ings  01  a  Whaling  Cruise,  with  Notes  of  a  Sojourn  on 
the  Island  of  Zanzibar;"  visited  California  in  1849, 
on  business  for  the  Government;  the  Holy  Land,  in 
1851;  the  Northern  Countries  of  Europe  and  Iceland, 
in  1861;  was  appointed  Minister  to  China  in  1868; 
was  the  author  of  "An  American  Family  in  Ger 


many 


Adventures    in    the   Apache   Country;' 


"  Laud  of  Thor;"  "Crusoe's  Island,  with  Sketches 
of  California  and  Washoe;"  and  Yusef's  "Travels  in 
the  East;  "  was  a  man  of  superior  ability  and  high 
character;  for  the  Government  he  prepared  a  very 
valuable  Report  on  the  Mineral  Resources  of  the 
country  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Died  in  Oak 
land,  California,  December  8,  1875. 

Browne,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  at  New  Paris, 
Ohio,  April  19,  1829;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1844  ;i 
received  a  common  school  education;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Winchester,  Indi 
ana,  in  1849;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Thir 
teenth  Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State  from  1855  to 
1861;  was  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate  in  1861,  and 
a  State  Senator  in  1863;  entered  the  Union  Army  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General;  was  United  States  Attorney  for 
the  District  of  Indiana  from  1869  to  1872;  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State  in 
1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  Forty-tifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  For 
ty-eighth  Congresses,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  For 
ty-ninth  Congress. 

Browning-,  Orville  H. ;  was  born  in  Harrison 
County,  Kentucky;  after  acquiring  a  good  English 
education,  removed  to  Bracken  County,  and  while 
performing  the  duties  of  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the 
County  and  Circuit  Clerk,  went  througli  a  course  of 
classical  studies  at  Augusta  College ;  studied  law,  and, 
on  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  settled  in 
Quincy,  Illinois,  where  he  subsequently  resided; 
served  through  the  Black  Hawk  War  in  1832;  in  1836 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  four  years;  in  1840  was  elected 
to  the  Lower  House,  serving  two  years;  in  conjunc 
tion  with  his  friend,  Abraham  Lincoln,  was  instru 
mental  in  forming  the  Republican  party  of  Illinois 
at  the  Bloomington  Convention;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Convention  of  1860,  and  was  a  warm, 
supporter  of  the  Government  during  the  Rebellion. 
On  the  death  of  S.  A.  Douglass,  in  1861,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


65 


until  the  subsequent  election  of  W.  A.  Richardson, 
in  1863;  on  the  organization  of  the  Notional  Union 
Executive  Committee,  in  June.  1866,  he  became  an 
active  member  of  the  same;  and  on  the  retirement  of 
James  Harlan  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  on  Sep 
tember  1,  1866,  he  entered  President  Johnson's  Cabi 
net  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National 
Union  Convention  "  in  1866;  on  the  resignation  of 
Mr.  Stanbery  as  Attorney-General,  in  March,  1868, 
he  was  designated  by  President  Johnson  to  perform 
the  duties  of  that  office,  in  addition  to  his  own  as 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department.  In  1869  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention. 

Brownlow,  "William  G-.;  was  born  in  Wythe 
County,  Virginia,  August  29,  1805;  in  his  eighteenth 
year  removed  to  Abingdon,  and  apprenticed  himself 
to  a  house-carpenter;  on  completing  his  term  of  in 
denture  entered  the  Methodist  traveling  ministry; 
removed  to  Tennessee  in  1831;  from  1837  to  1862, 
published  and  edited  a  newspaper  called  the  Whig, 
at  Knoxville;  having  always  been  a  supporter  of  the 
Union,  when  the  Rebellion  began,  he  was  very  severe 
in  his  denunciations;  for  his  boldness  and  loyalty 
was  imprisoned,  suffering  greatly  in  person  and 
property;  was  elected  Governor  of  Tennessee  in  1865; 
re-elected  in  1867;  in  1868.  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  for  six  years  from  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions  and  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  being  Chairman  of  the  latter  Com 
mittee  until  1815;  published  a  work  on  Methodism, 
entitled  "  The  Iron  Wheel  Examined  and  its  False 
Spokes  Extracted;"  the  events  of  his  political  life 
were  fully  set  forth  in  volumes,  entitled  "  Debates  on 
Slavery,"  and  "  Sketches  of  Secession  ;"  after  leaving 
the  Senate  he  returned  to  his  old  profession  of  jour 
nalism. 

Brownson,  Nathan;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1761;  studied  medicine  and  practiced  in  Liberty 
County,  Georgia;  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Congress  in  1775;  was  for  some  time,  a  surgeon  in 
the  army;  Speaker  of  the  Legislature  of  1781,  by 
which  body  he  was  chosen  Governor  of  Georgia;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1776  to 
1778;  Speaker  of  the  Georgia  House  of  Represent 
atives  in  1788;  President  of  the  Senate  from  1789  to 
1791;  in  1789  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  that 
framed  the  State  Constitution.  Died  in  Liberty 
County,  Georgia,  in  November,  1796. 

Bruce,  B.  K.;  was  born,  of  slave  parents,  in 
Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia,  March  1,  1841; 
went  to  Mississippi  in  his  boyhood;  subsequently 
removed  to  Missouri,  but  returned  to  Mississippi  in 
1869;  his  education  was  limited;  while  following  the 
occupation  of  a  planter,  held  the  positions  of  Serg- 
eant-at-Arms  of  the  State  Senate  for  two  years, 
Sheriff  and  Tax  Collector  of  Bolivar  County  for  four 
years,  and  a  Levee  Commissioner  for  three  years;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1875,  and  ending  in  1881;  in  May,  1881,  was 
appointed  Register  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States. 

Bruce,  John ;  was  born  in  Stirlingshire,  Scot 
land,  February  16,  1832;  emigrated,  with  his  father, 
to  the  United  States,  in  1840,  settling  in  Wayne 
bounty,  Ohio;  during  his  boyhood,  attended  the 
District  School  in  winter  and  worked  on  his  father's 
farm  in  the  summer;  then  attended  an  academy  for  a 
time;  graduated  from  Franklin  College,  Ohio,  in 
1854;  removed  to  Iowa;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1856;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  at 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  as  the  partner  of  Hon.  George  W. 
UcCrary,  now  United  States  Circuit  Judge;  at  the 

5 


breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  entered  the  Union 
Army;  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General ;  settled  in 
Alabama  as  a  cotton  planter;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1872  and  1874;  in  1875  was 
appointed,  by  President  Grant,  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Alabama. 

Bruce,  Phineas;  was  born  June  17,  1762;  was 
a  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1786;  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1792,  1793,  1796, 
and  1800;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1803  to  1805.  Died  Octo 
ber  4,  1809. 

Bruin,  Peter  Bryan;  was  appointed,  in  1798, 
by  President  Adams,  one  of  the  tirst  United  States 
Judges  for  the  Territory  of  Mississippi. 

Brumm,  Charles  N.;  was  born  at  Pottsville, 
Pennsylvania,  June  9,  1838  ;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  attended  the  Pennsylvania  Col 
lege  for  one  year;  learned  the  trade  of  a  watchmaker; 
studied  law;  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  in  1861, 
and  served  throughout  the  war,  being  commissioned 
an  Assistant-Quartermaster  and  detailed  on  staff  duty ; 
completed  his  law  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1871;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  a  seat 
in  the  Forty -sixth  Congress;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-seventh, 
Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Brush,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  in  1778;  settled  in  Ohio  in  1803;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1819  to  1821;  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  Died  January  19, 
1855,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Bruyn,  Andrew  D.  "W.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1837  to  1838.  Died  at  Ithaca,  in  July, 
1838,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

Bryan,  George  S.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
received  a  liberal  education;  settled  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina;  in  1866  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  comprising  that  State. 

Bryan,  Guy  M. ;  was  born  in  Missouri,  June  12, 
1821;  received  a  liberal  education;  studied  law;  bore 
a  part  in  the  military  campaign  of  Texas  in  1836; 
in  1846  went  to  the  Rio  Grande,  under  General  Tay 
lor;  in  1847  was  elected  to  the  Texas  Legislature, 
and  served  in  the  House  and  Senate  seven  years ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Agri 
culture. 

Bryan,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Martin  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1819  to  1823,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims.  Died 
in  Montgomery  County,  Tennessee,  in  May,  1835. 

Bryan,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
after  holding  a  Clerkship  in  the  General  Post  Office, 
was,  in  1842,  appointed  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  holding  the  position  about  one  year;  it  was 
a  son  of  his  who  was  subsequently  connected  with 
the  Postal  Service  of  the  Empire  of  Japan. 

Bryan,  John  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  in  1844 
was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Peru,  bvit  re 
mained  there  only  about  one  year,  when  he  returned 
to  the  United  States. 

Bryan,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Newbern  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1798;  graduated  at  the  University 


66 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


of  North  Carolina  in  1815;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1825  to  1827. 

Bryan,  Joseph ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1803  to  1806. 

Bryan,  Joseph  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1815  to  1819. 

Bryan,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  Jones  County, 
North  Carolina;  in  1791  represented  that  county  in 
the  House  of  Commons;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1795  to  1798.  Died  at 
Philadelphia,  June  4,  during  the  latter  year.  He 
was  a  prominent  Baptist,  and  a  most  exemplary 
Christian. 

Bryant,  Edwin  E.;  was  born  at  Milton,  Ver 
mont,  January  10,  1836;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857; 
the  same  year  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law;  in  1861  entered  the  Union 
Army  as  a  volunteer;  served  throughout  the  Civil 
War,  being  successively  promoted  an  officer  in  line, 
staff,  and  field;  alter  the  close  of  the  war,  resigned 
his  commission  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  from  1868  to  1872  was  Private  and  Executive 
Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Wisconsin;  from  1876 
to  1882  was  Adjutant-General  of  Wisconsin;  in  1878 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Wisconsin  Legis 
lature;  declined  a  re-nomination;  in  1885  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Assistant  Attorney- 
Goaeral  of  the  United  States  for  the  Post  Office  De 
partment. 

Bryant,  William  P.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Oregon  when  it  was  a  Territory;  in  1849  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
that  District. 

Bryde,  Archibald  M.;  was  born  in  Moore 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1809  to  1813;  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  for  two  years. 

Buchanan,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1835  to  1839. 

Buchanan,  Hugh ;  was  born  in  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  September  15,  1823;  received  an  academic 
education;  emigrated  to  the  United  States;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  of  Georgia  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tion  of  1856;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  War  ol 
the  Rebellion;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Na 
tional  Convention  of  1868;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  from  1872  until  nominated  for  Con 
gress  in  1880,  when  he  resigned;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1877;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Buchanan,  James ;  was  born  at  Ringoes,  Hun- 
tc.don  County,  New  Jersey,  June  17,  1839  ;  was- 
i cured  on  a  farm;  was  educated  at  the  public  schools 
and  at  Clinton  Academy;  read  law  for  four  years  ir 
a  lawyer's  office,  and  then  attended  the  Law  Schoo' 
of  Albany  University,  New  York;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1864,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Trenton 
New  Jersey;  in  1866  was  Reading  Clerk  of  the  Nev 
Jersey  Legislature;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  o 
Education  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  from  1868  to  1879 


was  Presiding  Judge  of  Mercer  County,  New  Jersey, 
rom  1874  to  1879;  was  a  member  of  the  Common 
louncil  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  from  1883  to  1885; 
n  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jer- 
>ey  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Buchanan,  James  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun- 
iy,  Pennsylvania,  April  23,  1791;  after  a  regular 
course  of  classical  education  studied  and  practiced 
.aw  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania;  in  1814  was  elected 
;o  the  State  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  re 
jected  the  next  year;  in  1821  entered  Congress  as  a 
Representative  from  the  Lancaster  District,  where 
ic  continued  until  1831,  when  he  declined  a  re-elec 
tion;  in  1832  was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson, 
Minister  to  Russia;  on  his  return  from  that  mission, 
in  1834,  was  elected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature 
;o  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  to  fill  the  uuex- 
pired  term  of  William  Wilkins,  who  had  resigned; 
was  re-elected  in  1837,  and  again  in  1843;  in  1845 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  became  Secretary 
of  State,  and  the  head  of  the  Cabinet  of  President 
Polk;  at  the  close  of  that  eventful  administration  re 
tired  to  private  life  at  his  residence  of  ' '  Wheatland, ' ' 
near  Lancaster;  was  again  summoned  to  the  public 
service  in  1853,  when  he  accepted,  from  President 
Pierce,  the  appointment  of  Minister  of  the  United 
States  to*  the  Court  of  St.  James;  having  resigned 
this  office,  returned  home  in  1856;  in  the  summer  of 
that  year  received  the  Democratic  nomination  for 
President  of  the  United  States;  in  the  following 
November »was  elected  to  that  position;  in  March, 
1857,  entered  upon  its  duties,  and  served  until  the 
commencement  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861;  in  1865  he 
published  a  book  giving  a  history  of  the  close  of  his 
administration.  Died  at  Wheatland,  Pennsylvania, 
June  1,  1868. 

Buchanan,  James  M.;  was  a  citizen  of  Mary 
land;  was  Minister  Resident  to  Denmark  from  1858 
to  1861. 

Bucher,  John  C.;  was  for  many  years  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Pennsylvania;  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1831  to  1833. 
Died  in  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  October  26,  1851. 

Buck,  Alfred  E.;  was  born  at  Foxcroft,  Maine, 
February  7,  1832;  received  an  academic  education; 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1859;  was  princi 
pal  of  the  high  school  at  Lewiston  in  1860;  entered 
the  army  in  1861  as  Captain  in  Thirteenth  Maine 
Infantry;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Ninety -first  Col 
ored  Troops  in  1863,  and  of  the  Fifty-first  Colored 
Troops  in  1864;  was  bre vetted  Colonel  of  Volunteers 
for  gallant  conduct  at  the  siege  of  Fort  Blakely  in 
1865;  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Baton  Rouge  in  j 
1866;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  Alabama  in  1867;  was  appointed,  by  General 
Pope,  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Mobile  County  in  j 
1867,  and  was  elected  to  the  same  office  in  1868;  Avas 
Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  i 
Forty -first  Congress. 

Buck,  Daniel ;  was  a  laAvyer  by  profession,  and 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  Vermont;  Avas  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  17i»r>  to 
1797,  and  died  in  1817;  was  the  lather  of  the  Hon.  '. 
Daniel  A.  A.  Buck. 

Buck,  Daniel  Azro  A.;  was  born  in  Vermont  ; 
in  1789;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1807,  j 
and  at  the  West  Point  Military  Academy  in  1808,  \ 
when  he  entered  the  army;  resigned  his  commission  | 
in  1811;  was  appointed  as  a  Captain  in  the  army  in 
1813;  finally  left  the  military  service  in  1815;  estab-  ' 
lished  himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Chelsea,  Vermont,  and  ' 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


was  for  fourteen  years  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  officiating  about  half  of  that  time  as  Speaker 
of  the  Lower  House;  filled  the  office  of  State  Attor 
ney  for  Orange  County  for  six  years;  in  1821  was  a 
Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  18:27  to  1829;  was  subsequently  connected  with 
the  Indian  Bureau  of  the  War  Department  at  Wash 
ington,  where  he  died,  December  24,  1841. 

Buck,  Charles  W.J  was  born  at  Vicksburg,  Mis 
sissippi,  March  17,  1849,  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Georgetown  College,  Kentucky, 
in  1869;  six  months  later  took  the  degree  of  Batche- 
lor  of  Laws  at  the  University  in  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky;  remained  in  Lexington  for  a  time  pursuing  a 
course  of  reading  in  the  law;  in  the  fall  of  1870  re 
moved  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  soon  after  to 
Greenville,  Mississippi,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law ;  the  year  following  removed  to  Vicks 
burg,  Mississippi,  continuing  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  took  an  active  part  in  politics;  in  1874  set 
tled  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  the  practice  of  law; 
in  1878  removed  to  Woodford  County,  Kentucky, 
where,  in  1879,  he  was  elected  County  Judge,  serv 
ing  four  years;  on  March  31,  1885,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to 
Peru. 

Buck,  John  R.;  was  born  at  Gastonbury,  Con 
necticut,  December  6,  1836;  received  an  academic 
education  and  spent  one  year  at  Wesleyan  Univer 
sity;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862, 
and  established  himself  in  the  practice  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut;  was  Treasurer  of  the  County  of  Hart 
ford  from  1863  to  1881 ;  was  Clerk  of  the  State  House 
of  Representatives  in  1865;  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1866;  President  of  the  Common  Council  of  Hart 
ford  in  1868;  City  Attorney  in  1871  and  1873;  State 
Senator  in  1880  and  1881;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  Connecticut,  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Buck,  Norman ;  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Erie 
County,  New  York,  April  13,  1833;  received  a  clas 
sical  education,  graduating  from  Lawrence  Univer 
sity,  Wisconsin,  in  1859;  graduated  from  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  of  Albany,  New  York, 
in  1860,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  the  same  year 
removed  to  Winona,  Minnesota,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from.  1862 
to  181)5,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  was  Judge  ot 
Probate  for  Winona  County,  Minnesota,  from.  1865  j 
to  1871,  when  he  resigned,  because  of  a  disease  ot 
the  eyes  contracted  in  the  army;  in  1873  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  same  County;  in  1878 
was  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Terri 
tory  of  Idaho;  in  1879  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  Territory,  re 
siding  at  Lewiston;  was  re-appointed  in  1884. 

Buckalew,  Charles  R.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County.  Pennsylvania,  December  28,  1821;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1843;  Avas  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  native 
county  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  Senator  in  the  State 
Legislature  from  1850  to  1856;  in  1854  was  a  Com 
missioner  to  exchange  the  ratifications  of  a  Treaty 
with  Paraguay;  was  a  Senatorial  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1856;  in  1857  was  Chairman  of  the  State  Dem 
ocratic  Committee;  during  the  same  year  was  re- 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  also  appointed  a 
Commissioner  to  revise  the  Penal  Code  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1858  resigned  the  two  latter  positions,  and 
was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Resident 


Minister  to  Ecuador,  returning  home  in  1861 ;  in  1863 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania, 
by  a  majority  of  one  vote,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1869,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs, 
Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  Pensions,  Mines  and 
Mining,  Foreign  Relations,  Contingent  Expenses  of 
the  Senate,  and  Retrenchment,  and  also  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Ventilation;  in  1869  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  held  other  public  positions  in 
Pennsylvania. 

Buckingham,  'William  A.;  was  born  in  Leba 
non,  Connecticut,  in  1804;  received  a  common  school 
education;  was  brought  up  on  his  father's  farm;  at 
the  age  of  twenty  entere  1  a  store  in  Norwich,  in 
which  city  he  was  eminently  successful  as  a  mer 
chant  and  in  various  kinds  of  manufacturing;  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Norwich  in  1849,  1850,  1856,  and 
1857;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in  1858  was 
elected  Governor  of  Connecticut;  re-elected  for  seven 
years,  in  which  capacity  he  rendered  important  ser 
vices  -in  raising  and  forwarding  troops  during  the 
progress  of  the  Rebellion;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Connecticut  for  six  years,  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1869  and  ending  in  1875,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Indian  Affairs,  En 
grossed  Bills,  and  several  other  important  commit 
tees.  Died  in  Norwich,  in  February,  1875,  only  a 
few  weeks  before  the  expiration  of  his  term.  He 
was  noted  for  his  pure  character  and  great  benevo 
lence. 

Buckland,  Ralph  P.;  was  born  in  Leyden, 
Massachusetts,  January  20,  1812;  removed  to  Ohio 
in  the  same  year;  was  educated  at  Kenyon  College, 
but  did  not  graduate;  studied  law  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1837;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio  in 
1855  and  1857,  serving  four  years;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  Colonel  of  the  Seventy -second  Ohio  Infantry, 
and  fought  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh  as  the  commander 
of  a  brigade;  was  made  a  Brigadier-General  in  the' 
winter  of  1862— '63,  and  in  that  capacity  fought  at 
Vicksburg;  was  subsequently  in  command  of  the 
District  of  Memphis;  during  his  absence  on  the  field 
in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Banking  and  Currency,  and  on  the  Militia; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866,  and  of  the  "Soldiers'  Convention," 
held  at  Pittsburgh;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress. 

Buckley,  Charles  W. ;  was  born  in  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  February  8,  1835;  was  educated 
at  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  of  New  York; 
served  as  a  Chaplain  in  the  Union  Army  during  a 
part  of  the  Rebellion;  was  subsequently  an  Assistant 
Superintendent  of  the  Freednien's  Bureau;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1867;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Navy  Department. 

Buckner,  Alexander  ;  emigrated  from  Indiana 
to  Missouri  in  1818;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  Constitution  of  that  State; 
served  several  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  died  in  May,  1833.  His  term  would  have  ex 
pired  in  1837. 

Buckner,  Aylett  Hawes ;  was  born  at  Freder- 
icksburg,  Virginia,  December  14,  1817;  educated  at 
Georgetown  College,  and  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia;  taught  school  and  studied  law;  emigrated  to 
Missouri  in  1837;  in  1841  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
County  Probate  Court  of  Pike  County;  in  1850  re- 


68 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


moved  to  St.  Louis  and  practiced  his  profession ;  was 
chosen  Attorney  for  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
in  1852;  in  1854  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Pub 
lic  Works ;  in  1857  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Third 
Judicial  Circuit;  in  18(31  was  one  of  the  Delegates  to 
the  Peace  Congress ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  in  December,  1875,  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis- 
tric't  of  Columbia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty -sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses. 

Buckner,  Aylitt ;  was  born  in  Greensburg, 
Green  County,  Kentucky;  educated  at  New  Athens 
Seminary  in  that  town;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  State  in  1842  and  18413;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Buckner,  Richard  A.;  was  born  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  1763;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1823  to  1829;  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1841.  Died  at  his  residence  in 
Greensburg,  Kentucky,  December  8,  1847. 

Budd,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Janesville,  Wis 
consin,  May  18,  1851;  removed  with  his  parents  to 
San  Joaquin  County,  California,  in  1857;  received  a 
collegiate  education,  graduating  from  the  California 
State  University  in  1873;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  the  lower  courts  in  1873,  and  in  the 
Supreme  Court  in  1874;  in  1875  was  nominated  for 
the  Assembly  bat  declined;  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Staff  from  1875  to  1879;  served  as  United 
States  Commissioner  for  several  years,  and  was  also 
Deputy  District  Attorney  of  his  county;  in  1882 
was  nominated,  by  his  party,  for  Congressman,  his 
.district  having  hitherto  given  large  opposition  major 
ities;  after  a  most  thorough  and  vigorous  personal 
canvass  was  elected  a  Representative  from  California 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  running  far  ahead  ot 
his  colleagues  on  the  ticket. 

Buel,  Alexander  H.;  was  born  in  Fail-field, 
Herkimer  County,  New  York;  received  a  limited  ed 
ucation;  was  a  prominent  and  successful  merchant: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  185U  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Washington  City,  January  30,  1853. 

Buel,  Alexander  W.;  was  born  in  Rutland 
County,  Vermont,  in  1813;  graduated  at  Middlebury 
College  in  1830;  taught  school  for  several  years  in 
Vermont  and  New  York,  during  which  period  he 
prepared  himself  for  the  practice  of  the  law;  in  1834 
took  up  his  residence  in  Michigan;  in  1836  was  At 
torney  for  the  city  of  Detroit;  in  1837  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1843  and  1844  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  Wayne  County;  in  1847  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature;  from  1849  to  1851 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Michigan,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 
Died  in  Detroit,  April  17,  1878. 

Buffing"ton,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Buffington,  Joseph ;  was  appointed  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  Court  in  Utah,  in  1850,  and 
was  the  first  who  held  that  position. 

Buffinton,  James;  was  born  in  Fall  River, 
Massachusetts,  March  16,  1817;  educated  at  the 
Friends'  College,  Providence;  served,  for  a  time,  in  a 
factory  at  Fall  River;  studied  medicine:  went  upon 


a  whaling  voyage ;  afterwards  became  a  merchant  by 
occupation;  was  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Fall  River  dur 
ing  the  years  1854  and  1855;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  was  also  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Accounts;  in  March,  1867,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  a  Collector  of  In 
ternal  Revenue  for  Massachusetts ;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first,  Forty-second,  Forty -third,  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses.  Died  at  Fall  River,  Julv  7, 
1875. 

Buffum,  Joseph,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Fitchburgr 
Massachusetts,  September  23,  1784;  graduate  I  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1897;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1819  to  1821,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment  and  on  Public  Buildings. 

Bugg,  Robsrt  M.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from. 
1853  to  1815. 

Bull,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Carolina, 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1787. 

Bull,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Missouri  from  1833  to  1835. 

Bullard,  Henry  Adams ;  was  born  in  Groton, 
Massachusetts,  September  9,  1781;  was  educated  at 
Harvard  University,  and  graduate  1  in  1807;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  his  knowledge  of  the  modern 
languages  brought  him  in  contact  with  General 
Toledo,  in  Philadelphia,  who  was  organizing  an  ex 
pedition  to  revolutionize  New  Mexico;  joined  him  as 
his  Aid  and  Military  Secretary;  spent  the  winter  of 
1812  with  him  at  Nashville,  and  accompanied  hi  in 
into  New  Mexico  in  the  spring.  They  were  defeated 
by  the  royal  troops,  in  a  pitched  battle,  at  S.in  An 
tonio,  and  suffered  severe  hardships;  he  managed  to 
reach  Natchitoche^.  and  there  remained  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  182:2  was- 
elected  to  a  scat  on  the  District  Bench,  and  performed 
its  duties  for  several  years;  in  1831  was  chosen  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Louisiana,  and 
served  until  1834;  was  then  elevated  to  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  Louisiana,  and  filled  the  office  until  18 16, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  months  in  1839,  when  he 
acted  as  Secretary  of  State;  then  removed  to  New 
Orleans;  in  1847  was  appointed  Professor  of  the  Civil 
Law  in  the  Law  School  of  Louisiana,  and  delivered 
two  courses  of  lectures;  in  1850  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature;  a  few  weeks  later  was  chosen  to  till  a 
vacancy  in  Congress  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of 
C.  M.  Conrad,  and  served  again  in  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  one  year;  on  his  return  journey  home 
ward  was  prostrated  by  fatigue  and  exposure ;. 
lingered  three  weeks,  and  died  in  New  Orleans, 
April  17,  1851. 

Bullitt,  Alexander  Scott ;  was  born  in  Prince 
William  County,  Virginia,  in  1761;  emigrated  to 
Kentucky  in  1784;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1792;  was  President  of  the  Ken- 
|  tucky  Senate  for  several  years;  in  1799  was  President 
of  the  Convention  to  amend  the  State  Constitution; 
Lieutenant-Governor  from  1800  to  1804;  again  in  the 
Legislature  until  1808.  Died  in  Jefferson  County, 
Kentucky,  April  13,  1816. 

Bullitt,  G-eorg-e  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  a. 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


69 


Missouri,  appointed  by  President  Madison  in  1814, 
"holding  the  office  until  the  establishment  of  the  State 
Government. 

Bulloch,  James  R.;  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  that  District. 

Bulloch,  William  B  ;  was  born  in  Georgia  in 
1776;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  being  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  as  early  as  1800;  in  1809  was 
Mayor  of  Savannah,  and  subsequently  Collector  of 
that  port;  was  United  States  Senator  from  Georgia  in 
181:},  by  appointment,  but  was  superseded  by  W.  B. 
Bibb;  in  1816  was  chosen  President  of  the  Bank  of 
Georgia,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders,  and 
held  the  office  twenty-seven  years.  Died  in  Savan 
nah,  Georgia,  March  6,  1852. 

Bollock,  Alexander  Hamilton;  was  born  at 
Royalston,  Massachusetts,  March '2,  1816;  graduated 
at  Amherst  College  in  1836;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1841;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1845, 
1847,  1848,  1861,  and  1862;  State  Senator  in  1849; 
Commissioner  of  Insolvency  in  1853;  Judge  of  In 
solvency  from  1856  to  1858;  Mayor  of  Worcester  in 
185!) ;  Governor  of  Massachusetts  from  1866  to  1869; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1866;  published  several  addresses  and 
speeches. 

Bullock,  Archibald;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  Continental  Congress  froin  1775  to 
1776. 

Bullock,  Rufus  B.;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Georgia  in  1869,  and  remained  in  office  until  1872. 

Bullock,  Stephen;  was  born  in  Massachusetts 
in  1735;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  Constitution  of  that  State;  frequently 
served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1797  to  1799; 
subsequently  became  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for 
Bristol  County;  served  in  the  State  Senate,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Massachusetts. 
Died  in  1816,  in  Massachusetts,  aged  eighty-one 
years. 

Bullock,  Wingfield ;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Senate  from  Shelby  County  from  1812 
to  1814;  resigned  in  1813;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from.  Kentucky  for  the  years  1820 
and  1821.  Died  October  13,  1821,  before  taking  his 
seat. 

Bunch,  Samuel;  was  born  in  1786;  commanded 
a  regiment  in  the  Indian  War,  under  General  Andrew 
Jackson,  and,  in  the  charge  of  the  battle  of  the 
Horseshoe,  was  the  first  or  second  man  over  the 
breastworks  of  the  enemy;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  in 
Granger  County,  Tennessee,  September  5,  1849. 

Bundy,  HezekiahS.;  was  born  in  Marietta,  Ohio,  J 
August  15,  1817;  received  a  common-school  educa-  ! 
tion;  his  father  having  been  killed  by  the  falling  of 
a  tree  when  he  was  a  mere  boy,  he  took  upon  hiin- 
self  the  support  of  the  family;  was  in  the  mercantile 
business  as  clerk  and  proprietor  from  1835  to  1846; 
after  that  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  and  in 
1854  became  connected  with  the  furnace  business; 
tluring  all  these  avocations  he  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1850;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1848;  re-elected  in  1850;  in  1855  was  chosen  a 
Ktate  Senator;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in 
ldG4  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 


Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures  and  Weights  and  Mjasures;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Mileage. 

Bundy,  Solomon;  was  born  at  Oxford,  Chen- 
ango  County,  New  York,  May  22,  1823;  received  an 
academic  education  and  taught  school  several  years; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and 
began  to  practice  at  Oxford;  was  District  Attorney 
of  Chenango  County  from  1862  to  1H65;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Bunn,  Romanzo  ;  was  born  at  South  Hartwick, 
New  York,  September  24,  1829;  in  1832  removed 
with  his  parents,  to  Western  New  York,  and  resided 
on  a  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age;  during  this 
period  attended  the  common  schools;  taught  school 
in  the  winter  and  attended  Springville  Academy  in 
the  spring  and  fall,  thereby  acquiring  a  good  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853, 
and  engaged  in  practice  at  Ellicottville,  New  York; 
in  1854  removed  to  Galesville,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
continued  the  practice  of  law;  in  1859  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1861  re 
moved  to  Sparta,  Wisconsin;  was  elected  Circuit 
Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  Circuit  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  and  was  re-elected;  in  1877,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  second  term,  was  appointed  United 
States  District  Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Wis 
consin,  and  removed  to  Madison,  Wisconsin. 

Bunner,  Rudolph ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829.  Died  at 
Otsego,  July  23,  1837,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Bunnell,  Frank  C.;  was  born  in  Washington 
Township,  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  19, 
1842;  his  father  was  a  farmer  and  the  son  worked 
on  the  farm,  attending  school  in  the  winters,  until 
sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  was  sent  to  Wyoming 
Seminary,  Kingston,  Pennsylvania;  at  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War  he  left  the  Seminary  and  en 
listed  in  the  Union  Army  as  a  private  of  the  Fifty- 
second  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  was 
made  Quartermaster's  Sergeant  in  1852;  losing  his 
health  he  was  discharged  from  the  service  in  1863; 
and,  in  1864,  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at 
Washington,  Pennsylvania;  in  1865  removed  to 
Timkhannock,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued  in 
trade  until  1870 ;  at  that  time  he  engaged  in  banking, 
farming,  and  other  enterprises;  in  1864  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  Washington  Township  for  one  year;  in 
1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Ulysses  Mercur;  in  1875  was 
elected  President  of  Wyoming  County  Agricultural 
Society  and  continued  to  be  re-elected  each  year; 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education  from  1881 
to  1884;  in  1881  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bi-Centeiinial  Associa 
tion;  in  1883  was  elected  Treasurer  of  Tunkhannock 
for  one  year;  was  Burgess  in  1883  and  1884;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  froni  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Burchard,  Horatio  C.;  was  born  in  Marshall, 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  September  22,  1825; 
graduated  at  Hamilton  College,  New  York,  in.  1850; 
studied  law;  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  was 
School  Commissioner  in  Stephenson  County,  Illinois, 
from  1857  to  18oO;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
in  1863,  1864,  1865,  and  1866;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 


70 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress;  in  February,  1879,  was  ap 
pointed  Director  of  the  United  States  Mint. 

Burchard,  Matthew;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  in  1840  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Treas 
ury,  remaining  in  office  until  1841. 

Burchard,  Samuel  D.;  was  born  in  Leyden, 
Lew'is  County,  New  York,  July  17,  1836;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Wisconsin  in  1845;  was  educated 
at  Madison  University,  in  New  York,  but  was  pre 
vented  from  graduating  on  account  of  his  health ;  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacturing  of  woolen  goods;  was  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  Missouri  Militia  during  the  Rebel 
lion;  was  appointed  a  Captain  in  the  Volunteer  ser 
vice,  and  as  Quartermaster  was  assigned  to  duty  in 
New  York,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  purchase  of 
forage  for  the  seaboard  armies;  was  mustered  out  of 
service  as  a  Major;  returned  to  Wisconsin;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1872;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  For 
ty-fourth  Congress. 

Burd,  George  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at  Bed 
ford,  Pennsylvania,  January  13,  1844,  aged  fifty 
years. 

Burdett,  Samuel  S.|  was  born  in  Leicestershire, 
England,  February  21,  1836;  emigrated  to  Ohio  in 
1848;  was  educated  at  Oberlin  College;  removed  to 
Clinton  County,  Iowa,  in  1857;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1858;  in  1861  entered  the  Volun 
teer  Army  as  a  private,  and  before  the  close  of  his 
term  of  enlistment,  in  1864,  was  promoted  to  Cap 
tain;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864  from  Iowa; 
in  1865  emigrated  to  St.  Clair  County,  Missouri;  in 
1866  was  made  Circuit  Attorney  for  the  Seventh  Ju 
dicial  District;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  of  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Education  and  Labor,  and  Elections; 
in  1874  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  in  Washington. 

Burdick,  Theodore  "Weld ;  was  born  at  Evans- 
burg,  Crawford  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  7, 
1836;  received  an  academic  education;  in  1853  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Decorah,  Iowa;  was  Dep 
uty  Treasurer  and  Recorder  of  Winnishiek  County 
from  1854  until  1857,  and  Treasurer  and  Recorder 
from  1857  until  1862,  when  he  resigned  to  recruit  a 
company  for  the  Union  Army;  was  commissioned  a 
Captain,  and  served  throughout  the  war;  after  being 
mustered  out  returned  to  Decorah  and  became  cashier 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  place;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from.  Iowa  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Burges,  Tristam ;  was  born  in  Plymouth  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  February  26,  1770;  graduated  at 
the  Rhode  Island  College  in  1796;  studied  law  and 
taught  school  at  the  same  time;  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Providence,  and  acquired 
great  influence  and  distinction  as  an  advocate;  in 
1818  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  Rhode  Island;  oc 
cupied  the  Chair  of  Oratory  in  Brown  University; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island 
from  1825  to  1835;  acquired  great  reputation  by  a 
parliamentary  contest  with  John  Randolph,  and  left 
behind  him  many  interesting  pamphlets  on  political 
and  literary  subjects;  his  characteristics  as  a  debater 
were  withering  sarcasm,  combined  with  fervid  elo 
quence  and  rare  reasoning  power.  Died  October  13, 
1853. 


Burgess,  Dempsey  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress  of  North  Carolina  ;  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Militia;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  North  Carolina  from  1795  to  1798. 

Burke,  Edarus ;  was  born  in  Galway,  Ireland, 
and  came  to  America  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revo 
lution;  in  1778  Avas  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  South  Carolina ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1789  to  1791 ;  was  an 
earnest  Republican;  published  a  pamphlet  against 
the  Order  of  the  Cincinnati;  because  he  would  not 
resign  his  Judgeship  on  being  elected  to  Congress, 
the  Legislature  passed  a  law  prohibiting  any  State 
Judge  from  leaving  the  State,  and  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  Congress.  Died  at  Charleston,  March  30, 
1802,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Burke,  Edmund ;  was  born  in  Westminster, 
Vermont,  January  23,  1809;  was  educated  by  private 
tutors;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1829;  removed  to  New  Hampshire  in  1833,  where  he 
established,  in  Sullivan  County,  the  New  Hampshire 
Argus,  which  he  edited  a  number  of  years;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1839  to  1845,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  Library,  and  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Commerce  and  Claims;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk,  Commissioner  of  Patents  in  Washington; 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866.  Died  January  25,  18o2. 

Burke,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1747; 
when  about  seventeen  years  of  age  left  Ireland  and 
settled  in  Accomac  County,  Virginia,  where  he  re 
sided  some  years;  engaged  in  the  study  and  practice 
of  medicine;  subsequently  changed  his  profession  for 
that  of  the  law;  removed  to  Norfolk  and  practiced; 
in  1772  removed  to  Hillsborough,  Orange  County, 
North  Carolina;  in  1776  was  a  member  of  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress  at  Halifax,  and  a  volunteer  at  the 
battle  of  Brandywine;  first  attracted  public  attention 
in  Virginia  by  his  writings  in  opposition  to  the  Stamp 
Act,  and  in  North  Carolina  participated  in  the  forma 
tion  of  the  Constitution  for  that  State;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1781; 
in  the  latter  year  was  chosen  Governor  of  North  Car 
olina;  while  in  that  position  was  seized  by  the  Tories 
as  a  prisoner  of  State,  and,  being  transferred  to- 
Charleston,  was  sent,  by  General  Leslie,  to  James' 
Island  on  parole,  where  he  was  detained  as  a  hostage; 
becoming  exasperated,  after  four  months'  imprison 
ment,  determined  to  escape,  in  which  purpose  lie  was 
successful;  addressed  a  letter  to  General  Leslie,  in 
forming  him  of  his  reasons  for  withdrawing,  but  con 
sidered  himself  subject  to  the  disposal  of  the  British 
authority  ;  an  exchange  was  effected,  by  General 
Greene,  and  he  returned  to  his  position  as  Governor; 
retired  from  public  life  the  next  year.  Died  near 
Hillsborough,  December  2,  1783. 

Burleigh,  Henry  G.;  was  born  at  Canaan,  Graf- 
ton  County,  New  Hampshire,  June  2,  1832;  received 
a  common  school. education;  removed  to  Essex  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1846;  was  Town  Supervisor  tor 
several  years;  removed  to  Whitehall,  New  York,  in 
1866;  followed  the  business  of  transportation,  and  a 
dealer  in  lumber  and  iron  ore;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative,  "from  New  York,  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress  without  opposition;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Burleigh,  John  H.;  was  born  in  South  Berwick, 
Maine,  October  9,  1822;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  went  to  sea  at  the  age  of  sixteen;  commanded 
a  ship  on  foreign  voyages  seven  years;  left  the  sea  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


71 


1853  and  engaged  in  manufacturing;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1862,  1864, 
1866,  and  1872;  Delegate-at-Large  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  at  Baltimore  in  1864;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Burleigh,  "Walter  A.;  was  a  Delegate  from  the 
Territory  of  Dakota  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress. 

Burleigh,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Rockingham, 
New  Hampshire;  became  a  lawyer;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  Soutli  Berwick,  York  County, 
Maine,  for  two  terms,  from  1823  to  1827,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department.  Died  in  July,  1827. 

Burling-ame,  Anson  ;  was  born  in  New  Berlin, 
Chenango  County,  New  York,  November  14,  1822; 
his  youth  was  spent  on  the  Western  frontiers,  at  one 
time  acting  with  surveying  parties,  and  at  another 
participating  in  the  making  of  Indian  treaties,  far 
beyond  the  confines  of  civilization;  laid  the  founda 
tion  of  his  education  at  the  Branch  University  of 
Michigan;  removing  to  Massachusetts,  entered  Har 
vard  University,  where  he  received  a  degree  in  1846; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Boston;  in  1852  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1853  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  revising  the  Constitution  of  Mass 
achusetts;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee;  in 
1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Minister 
to  Austria,  and  subsequently  to  China,  which  latter 
position  he  resigned,  in  1867,  to  accept  a  diplomatic 
appointment  from  China  to  the  European  Powers,  as 
well  as  to  the  United  States.  Died  in  St.  Petersburg, 
Russia,  February  23,  1870. 

Burnell,  Barker;  was  a  native  of  Nantucket; 
when  only  twenty-two  years  of  age  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  his  na 
tive  Commonwealth;  a  few  years  later  passed  into 
the  Senatorial  body,  where,  in  spite  of  his  youth,  he 
became  a  leading  member;  sat  also  in  the  Conven 
tion  which  framed  the  present  Constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Harrisburg  Con 
vention  of  1840;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1841  to  1843.  Died 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  June  4,  1843, 
aged  forty-five  years. 

Burnes,  James  N.;  was  born  in  Morgan  County, 
Indiana,  August  22,  1833,  while  his  parents  were 
en-route  from  Virginia  to  Missouri ;  received  a  com 
mon-school  education;  studied  law,  and  graduated 
from  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  1853;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1854,  and  engaged  in  practice  at. St. 
Joseph,  Missouri;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856;  Circuit  Attorney  in  1857;  in  1868  was  unani 
mously  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
and  served  four  years;  then  engaged  in  railroad  con 
struction  and  other  business;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-eight  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Burnet,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  February  22,  1770;  was  a  graduate  of  Prince 
ton  College  in  1791 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey  in  1796,  and  removed 
to  Cincinnati  immediately  thereafter,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  reside  until  his  death;  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Legislative  Council  of  Ohio  in  1799;  during  the 
first  twenty  years  of  that  residence  devoted  himself 


to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and  ranked  among 
the  most  distinguished  members  of  the  bar.  When 
the  second  grade  of  the  Territorial  Government  was 
established,  in  1799,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Adams,  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council,  which 
appointment  he  held  till  the  establishment  of  the 
State  Government  of  Ohio,  in  the  winter  of  18()2-'03; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  during  the 
War  of  1812,  and  took  an  active  part  in  sustaining  the 
measures  proposed  in  that  body  to  aid  the  General 
Government  in  maintaining  the  contest;  in  18:21  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Coui't  of 
Ohio,  which  commission  he  resigned  in  December, 
1828;  was  immediately  afterwards  elected  to  the  Sen 
ate  of  the  United  States,  to  fill  the  vacancy  oc 
casioned  by  the  resignation  of  his  friend,  General 
Harrison,  serving  until  1831;  in  the  same  year  was 
chosen;  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Kentucky, 
one  of  the  Commissioners  to  settle  the  matters  in 
controversy  between  that  State  and  the  Common 
wealth  of  Virginia,  in  regard  to  the  complaints  of  the 
latter  against  the  statute  of  limitations;  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Astronomical  Society  of  Cincinnati, 
and  continued,  until  1852,  an  active  member  of  that 
organization;  was  for  many  years  the  President  of 
the  Colonization  Society  of  Hamilton  County,  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  and  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Cincinnati  College,  and,  upon  the  nomination  by 
Lafayette,  had  been  elected  a  member  of  the  French 
Academy;  in  1847  published  a  volume  entitled 
"Notes  on  the  early  settlement  of  the  North-western 
Territory,"  which  contained  much  interesting  infor 
mation,  especially  as  to  Ohio,  the  progress  of  which 
he  witnessed  from  a  Territory.  Died  at  Cincinnati 
in  1853. 

Burnett,  Frank  O.;  was  born  in  Wyoming 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1842;  received  an 
academic  education;  left  college  to  enlist  in  the  Fifty- 
second  Pennsylvania  Volunteers ;  was  promoted,  and, 
after  serving  through  the  peninsular  campaign,  was 
discharged  in  1863,  on  a  surgeon's  certificate  of  disa 
bility;  was  in  mercantile  pursuits  from  1864  to  1869; 
then  engaged  in  banking;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Forty-second  Congress  for  the  unex;iired 
term  of  U.  S.  Mercur,  resigned. 

Burnett,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Virginia,  October  5,  1825;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
in  Kentucky;  was  Clerk  in  the  Circuit  Court  of  Trigg 
County,  in  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty -fifth  Con 
gresses;  during  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-lift h 
Congress  wTas  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Inquiry 
in  regard  to  the  sale  of  Fort  Snelling,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  and  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  was  expelled  for  treasonable  conduct  in 
December,  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 
Died  of  cholora  near  Hopkinton,  Kentucky,  October 
1,  1866. 

Burnett,  Peter  H.;  was  Governor  of  California; 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State;  removed 
to  Oregon  among  the  early  settlers;  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Oregon. 

Burnett,  "William ;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1749;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  Continental  Congress  in  1780  and  1781.  Died  in 
1791. 

Burnham,  Alfred  A.;  was  born  in  Windham, 
Windham  County,  Connecticut,  March  8,  1819:  pre 
pared  himself  for  college  at  the  Sheffield  Literary 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Institution ;  taught  school  for  a  while,  and  spent  one 
year  at  Washington  College,  which  he  left  for  want 
of  means ;  studied,  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1843 ;  was  elected  to  the  Connecticut  Legislature 
in  1844  and  1845;  was  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1847;  was  subsequently  appointed  Judge  of  Probate 
for  the  District  of  Danbury ;  in  1850  was  again  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1857  Lieutenant-Go vernor 
of  Connecticut;  in  1858  was  again  elected  to  the  Leg 
islature,  and  made  Speaker;  in  1859  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Patents;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Burnham,  Curtis  F.;  was  born  in  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  May  24,  1820;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1840;  at  the  Transylvania  Law  School  in  1842,  re 
ceiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B. ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1852  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate  in  1863:  from 
1870  to  1875  was  Cashier  of  the  Farmers'  National 
Bank  of  Richmond;  in  April,  1875,  was  appointed 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  in  1846  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale  College,  and  in 
1873  that  of  LL.D.  from  the  Central  College  of  Ken 
tucky. 

Burns,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Waynesborough, 
Augusta  County,  Virginia,  March  11,  1800;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Ohio  Union  Schools;  was  by  trade  a  hat 
ter,' and  then  a  farmer;  filled  various  County  and 
State  offices;  was  elected  from  the  State  of  Ohio  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Post  Office  Department  and  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Burns,  Robert;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
serve-l  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature  as  Senator 
and  Representative;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  at 
Plymouth,  New  Hampshire,  June  20,  1866. 

Burnside,  Ambrose  E.;  was  born  at  Liberty, 
Union  County,  Indiana,  May  23,  1824;  graduated  at 
West  Point  in  1847;  served  with  credit  on  the  frontier 
as  an  officer  of  artillery;  in  1853  resigned  his  commis 
sion,  turned  his  attention  to  the  manufacture  ofguns, 
and  invented  the  rifle  which  bears  his  name;  was,  for  a 
time,  associated  with  George  B.  McClellan  in  busi 
ness  at  Chicago,  but  was  a  citizen  of  New  York  in 
1861 ;  during  the  whole  progress  of  the  Civil  Wai- 
was  constantly  on  duty,  participated  in  many  bat 
tles;  became  greatly  distinguished,  and  attained 
the  highest  honors  and  titles  of  the  service;  his  serv 
ices  as  a  General  will  always  be  treasured  in  the 
military  history  of  his  country;  in  1866  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island;  in  1875  took  his  seat  in 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States  for  the  term  ending 
in  1881,  serving  on  various  important  committees. 
Died  at  his  home,  September  13,  1881. 

Eu  -nside,  Thomas ;  was  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1815  to 
1816,  whe  i  he  resigned.  Died  at  Germantown, 
Pennsylvania,  March  25,  1827. 

Burr,  Aaron;  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
February  6,  1756;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1772,  at  the  age  of  sixteen;  in  1775,  in  his  twentieth 
year,  joined  the  American  Army  under  Washington, 
at  Cambridge;  accompanied  General  Arnold  as  a 
private  soldier  in  his  expedition  against  Quebec; 
after  his  arrival  there  acted  as  an  Aid-de-camp  to 
General  Montgomery;  and,  on  his  return,  in  1776, 
General  Washington  invited  him  to  join  his  family 


at  headquarters;  some  circumstances  soon  took  place 
by  which  he  forever  lost  the  confidence  of  Washing 
ton,  and  the  hostility  of  the  former  to  the  latter,  from 
that  time,  was  undisguised;  in  1777  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  distinguished  himself  as  an 
able  and  brave  officer;  in  March,  1779,  he  was,  on 
account  of  the  state  of  his  health,  compelled  to  resign 
his  office  and  retire  from  military  life ;  then  devoted 
himself  to  the  study  of  law;  commenced  practice  at 
Albany  in  1782,  but  soon  removed  to  the  city  of  New 
York;  became  distinguished  in  his  profession;  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  of  New  York  in  1789; 
from  1791  to  1797  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  and  bore  a  conspicuous  part  as  a  leader  of  the 
Democratic  or  Republican  party;  at  the  election  of 
President  of  the  United  States  for  the  fourth  Presi 
dential  term  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Aaron  Burr  had 
each  seventy -three  votes,  and  the  choice  was  decided 
by  Congress,  on  the  thirty-sixth  ballot,  in  favor  of 
Jefferson  for  President  and  Burr  for  Vice-President; 
on  the  12th  of  July,  1804,  Colonel  Burr  gave  Alex 
ander  Hamilton,  long  his  professional  rival  and 
political  opponent,  a  mortal  wound  in  a  duel;  soon 
after  conceived  the  project  of  his  enterprise  in  the 
Western  country  of  the  United  States,  for  which  he 
was  at  length  apprehended  and  brought  to  Rich 
mond,  in  August,  1807,  on  a  charge  of  treason,  and 
after  a  long  trial  was  acquitted;  afterwards  returned 
to  the  city  of  New  York,  practiced  law  to  some  ex 
tent,  but  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  com 
parative  obscurity  and  neglect;  he  was  of  small 
stature,  yet  had  a  lofty  mien,  a  military  air,  a  re 
markably  brilliant  eye,  and  a  striking  appearance; 
he  possessed  distinguished  talents  and  many  accom 
plishments.  Died  on  Staten  Island,  New  York, 
September  14,  1836;  his  life  was  published  in  1838  by 
Matthew  L.  Davis. 

Burr,  Albert  G-.;  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1829; 
received  a  good  English  education;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Legis 
lature  in  1861;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1862,  and  author  of  the  address 
to  the  people  accompanying  the  Constitution;  re- 
elected  in  1863;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Invalid 
Pensions,  Elections,  and  War  Department;  in  1877 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Seventh  Circuit  of  the  State, 
and  was  re-elected,  in  1879,  for  the  full  term  of  six 
years.  Died  at  his  home  in  Carrolltou,  Illinois, 
June  10,  1882. 

Burrell,  J.  M.;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
for  the  Territory  of  Kansas. 

Burritt,  James  ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  April  25,  1772;  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1788;  studied  law,  devoted  himself  to  its 
practice,  #nd  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of 
Rhode  Island  from  1797  to  1813;  was  a  member  and 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly  in  1814;  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  State  in  1816;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1816,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Judiciary,  on  Commerce,  on  Manufac 
tures,  and  on  Accounts.  Died  at  Washington,  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  December  25,  1820.  He 
was  considered  an  able  scholar  and  a  wise  judge. 

Burroughs,  Silas  M.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  four  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress.  Died  at  Medina,  New  York  June 
3,  1860. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Burrows,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Groton,  Connec 
ticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from.  Con 
necticut  from  1821  to  1823." 

Burrows,  Joseph.  H.;  was  born  at  Manchester, 
England,  May  15,  1810;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  his  youth;  was  educated  in  Illinois  and 
Iowa,  finally  settling  in  Missouri;  engaged  in  various 
pursuits;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1870  to  1874,  and  from  1878  to  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Burrows,  Julius  O.;  was  born  in  North  East, 
Erie  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  9,  1837;  became, 
by  profession,  a  lawyer;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress  from  the  State  of  Michigan,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of 
that  on  the  Navy  Department;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Burrows,  Lorenzo;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1849  to  1853;  in  1855  was  elected  Comptroller 
of  New  York. 

Burt,  Armistead ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
received  a  liberal  education ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1843  to  1853;  during  a  part  of 
the  Thirtieth  Congress  officiated  as  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New 
York  Convention  of  18G8. 

Burt,  Francis  ;  was  born  in  Pendleton,  South 
Carolina,  in  1809;  received  a  good  education;  in  1853 
was  appointed  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  by 
President  Pierce;  resigned  that  office  in  1854,  to  ac 
cept  the  Governorship  of  Nebraska;  two  weeks  after 
his  arrival  in  that  Territory  died,  at  Belle vue,  Octo 
ber  18,  1854. 

Burton,  Allan  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Kentuckv; 
in  1861  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the  Re 
public  of  Columbia,  where  he  remained  until  1867; 
in  1871  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the  Commission 
that  visited  the  Dominican  Republic. 

Burton,  Hutchins  Gr.;  Avas  born  in  Granville 
County,  North  Carolina;  studied  law;  in  1810  repre 
sented  Mecklenburg  in  the  State  Legislature,  and,  in 
1816,  the  County  of  Halifax;  was,  for  several  years, 
Attorney-Gene  al  of  the  State;  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  from  1819 
to  1S24,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
the  Judiciary  and  Military  Affairs;  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  North  Carolina,  from  1824  to  1827.  Died  in 
Iredell  County,  April  21,  1836. 

Burton,  Robert ;  was  a  Delegate  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1787  to 

1788. 

Burton,  William ;  was  born  in  Delaware;  was 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1859,  holding  the 
office  until  1863. 

Barwell,  "William  A.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1806  to  1821.  Died 
February  16,  1821,  in  Washington  City,  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term. 

Busby,  George  H.;  was  born  in  Darstown, 
Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  10, 
1794;  in  1810  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Ohio, 
where  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  cabinet-mak 


ing  business,  and  devoted  himself  to  farming;  in 
1824  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  and  of  the  Supreme  Court;  subsequently  a 
Recorder  of  Deeds  in  the  County  of  Marion;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Busteed,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Ireland;  became 
a  citizen  of  New  York  City;  entered  into  politics;  in 
18(J4  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Dis 
trict  "of  Alabama,  residing  in  Montgomery. 

Butler,  Andrew  Pickens  ;  was  born  in  Edge- 
field  District,  South  Carolina,  November  19,  1796; 
raduated  at  South  Carolina  College  in  1817 ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1818;  became  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  when  quite  a  young  man;  in  1835 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  General  Ses 
sions  of  Common  Pleas,  which  office  he  held  until 
18 17,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  the  Executive,  to 
fill  the  vacancy,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  caused 
by  the  death  of  Mr.  McDufte;  was  subsequently 
elected  and  re-elected  to  the  same  position,  and  was 
in  this  office  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  his  home,  May  25,  1857;  was  a  statesman  of  abili 
ty  and  influence;  was  a  relative  of  Preston  S.  Brooks, 
and  it  was  because  of  remarks  made  about  him  in 
debate  that  Mr.  Brooks  made  a  personal  assault  upon 
Charles  Surnner. 

Butler,  Anthony;  was  a  citizen  of  Mississippi; 
from  1829  to  1836  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Mexico, 
returning  to  the  United  States  in  the  latter  year. 

Butler,  Benjamin  Franklin;  was  born  in 
Kinderhook,  New  York,  December  14,  1795;  studied 
law  with  Martin  Van  Buren,  and  after  his  admission 
to  the  bar,  in  1817,  became  the  law  partner  of  his 
law  preceptor;  in  1821  was  appointed  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  City  of  Albany ;  in  1824  was  appointed 
one  of  three  lawyers  to  Revise  the  laws  of  New 
York;  in  1827  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1829  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the  New  York 
University,  resigning  the  position  in  1832;  in  1833 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  settle  a  dispute  be 
tween  the  States  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey;  in 
November  of  the  same  year  went  into  President 
Jackson's  Cabinet  as  Attorney-General,  and  con 
tinued  in  the  office  one  year  with  President  Van 
Buren;  from  October,  1836,  to  March,  1837,  offici 
ated  as  Secretary  of  War;  in  1845  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was,  subsequently,  twice  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York ;  in  October,  1858,  went  to  Europe  for  the  im 
provement  of  his  health,  and  a  few  weeks  thereafter 
died  at  Paris. 

Butler,  Benjamin  Franklin ;  was  born  in 
South  Deerfield,  New  Hampshire,  November  5,  1818; 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1838;  studied  law; 
on  being  admitted  to  the  bar  settled  in  Lowell,  Mass 
achusetts,  practicing  his  profession  in  that  city  and 
in  Boston;  in  1853  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was,  subsequently,  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution;  in  1859  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1860  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Charleston  Convention;  in  1861  was  appointed 
a  Brigadier-General,  and  entered  actively  into  the 
war  movements;  before  the  close  of  that  year  was 
made  a  Major-General,  serving  as  such  in  New  Or 
leans  and  various  other  portions  of  the  rebellious 
States;  at  the  conclusion  of  the  Rebellion  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  in  Lowell;  in  1866  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ordnance 
and  Appropriations,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Specia 
Committee  on  the  Assassination  of  President  Lin 


74 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


coin,  and  was  one  of  the  Managers  of  the  Impeach 
ment  Trial  of  Andrew  Johnson;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees 
on  the  Judiciary  and  Reconstruction;  was  again  a 
Representative  in  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  in  1882 
was  elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts  for  the  term 
of  one  year  from  January,  1883. 

Butler,  Chester ;  was  born  in  Wilkesbarre,  'Lu- 
zerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  March,  1798;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1817;  read  law  at  the 
Litchfield  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1820;  served  three  terms  in  the:  Legislature  of  Penn 
sylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1845  to  1850,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims.  Died  in 
Philadelphia,  October  5,  1850. 

Butler,  David ;  was  elected  the  first  Governor  of 
the  State  of  Nebraska  in  1867,  and  served  one  year. 

Butler,  Ezra ;  left  Weathersfield,  Vermont,  in 
September,  1786,  and  .settled  in  Waterbury;  was  a 
statesman  of  the  Jeffersonian  school;  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  eleven  years ;  member  of  the  Council 
fifteen  years;  first  Judge  of  the  Chittendon  County 
Court  from  1803  to  1806,  and  Chief  Justice  from  1806 
to  1811;  Chief  Justice  of  Jefferson  County  from  1814 
to  1826;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1813 
to  1815 ;  member  of  the  Vermont  Constitutional  Con 
vention  in  1822;  Governor  of  that  State  from  1826  to 
1828,  making  fifty-three  years  of  public  service. 
Died  in  Waterbury,  July  19,  1838,  aged  seventy- 


Butler,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Rockingham  County, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1780;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1803;  studied  law  in  Virginia,  and 
practiced  in  his  native  State;  was  repeatedly  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  County  Sheriff,  and  a 
Clerk  of  the  Courts;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  in  1817,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  1823,  officiating  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture  during  the  Seven 
teenth  Congress;  was  then  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  which  position  he 
held  until  the  office  was  abolished.  Died  at  Deer- 
field,  October  9,  1854. 

Butler,  M.  C.J  was  born  near  Greenville,  South 
Carolina,  March  8,  1836;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857, 
and  commenced  practice  at  Edgefield,  South  Caro 
lina;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  in  1860;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  rising  from  the  rank 
of  Captain  to  that  of  Major-General;  was  again  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1866;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1870,  and  for 
United  States  Senator  in  the  same  year;  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  South  Carolina 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 1877,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1883. 

Butler,  Pierce ;  came  of  the  family  of  the  Dukes 
of  Ormond,  in  Ireland;  before  the  lie  volution  was 
Major  in  a  British  regiment  in  Boston,  but  afterwards 
attached  himself  to  the  republican  institutions  of 
America;  in  1778  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  old  Congress;  in  1788,  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  signed  the  same;  under  it,  was 
one  of  the  first  Senators  from  South  Carolina,  and  re 
mained  in  Congress  till  1796;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac;  on  the  death  of  J.  E.  Calhoun^  in  1802, 


became  again  a  Senator  in  Congress,  but  resigned  in 
1804;  was  opposed  to  some  of  the  measures  of  Wash 
ington's  administration,  but  approved  of  the  War  of 
1812.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  February  15,  1822, 
aged  seventy-seven. 

Butler,  Pierce  M.;  was  born  in  Edgefield  District, 
South  Carolina,  April  11,  1798,  wasa  Lieutenant  in  the 
Fourth  Infantry  in  1819:  Captain  in  1825;  resigned 
in  1829 ;  was  Cashier  and  then  President  of  the  State 
Bank  of  Columbia;  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Goodwin's 
Mounted  Volunteers  in  the  Florida  War,  in  1836; 
Governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1836  to  1838;  United 
States  agent  for  the  Cherokees  west  of  the  Mississippi ; 
was  appointed  to  treat  with  the  Comanche  Indians; 
made  Colonel  of  the  Palmetto  Regiment  in  the  Mex 
ican  War,  in  1846,  in  which  he  distinguished  him 
self,  and  was  twice  wounded ;  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Churubusco,  August  30,  1847. 

Butler,  Roderick  R.;  was  born  in  Wytheville, 
Virginia;  received  a  limited  education;  commenced 
life  as  a  mechanic;  studied  law;  adopted  that  pro 
fession  and  settled  in  Tennessee;  was  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  a  Major  of  the  Militia;  a  Postmaster  under 
President  Fillmore;  served  two  years  in  the  State 
Assembly  and  one  in  the  State  Senate;  was  a  County 
Judge;  was  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  daring  the  Rebel 
lion;  was  subsequently  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial 
District  of  the  State,  holding  the  office  from  1865  to 
1867,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  was  also  Chair 
man  of  the  Republican  State  Committee:  re-elected 
to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Labor,  Indian  Affairs,  and  Elections, 
and  Chairman  of  that  on  Militia. 

Butler,  Samson  H.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1840  to  1843. 

Butler,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Lou 
isiana  from  1818  to  1821.  Died  August  14,  1847. 

Butler,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  Wethersfield, 
Connecticut,  in  1807;  was  educated  a  lawyer;  served 
in  the  Connecticut  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1849  to  1851.  Died 
in  Norwalk,  June  8,  1873. 

Butler,  "William;  was  born  in  Prince  William 
County,  Virginia,  in  1759;  graduated  at  South  Caro 
lina  College  as  student  of  medicine;  was  a  Lieuten 
ant  in  Lincoln's  army  in  1779;  was  engaged  at  Stono, 
and  served  in  the  famous  corps  of  Pulaski  until  the 
death  of  the  latter;  next  joined  General  Pickens; 
served  with  General  Lee  under  Greene  at  the  siege  of 
Ninety -Six,  and  performed  other  valuable  service; 
commanded  a  company  of  mounted  rangers,  and  took 
part  in  many  conflicts  with  the  Tories;  soon  after  the 
war  was  made  a  Brigadier-General,  and,  in  1796, 
Major-General  of  Militia ;  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Congress  from  1801  to  1811;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  of  1787  to  consider  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  voted 
against  it;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  South  Carolina,  and  for 
some  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  in  1791  was 
Sheriff,  and  at  one  time  magistrate;  in  the  War  of 
1812  commanded  the  South  Carolina  troops  for  State 
defense.  Died  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  Novem 
ber  15,  1821.  He  was  the  father  of  Senator  A.  P. 
Butler  and  of  Pierce  M.  Butler. 

Butler,  William  ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


75 


1810;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina  front  1841  to  1843;  was  the  brother  of  the 
late  Senator  A.  P.  Bucler,  and  his  wife  was  the  sister 
of  the  late  Commodore  O.  H.  Perry. 

Butler,  "William ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education;  studied  law,  and  en 
gaged  in  practice  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania;  in 
February,  1879,  was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Judge  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Butler,  William  O.;  was  born  in  Jessamine 
County,  Kentucky,  in  1793;  came  of  a  family  honor 
ably  identified  with  the  Revolution;  was  liberally 
educated ;  when  the  War  of  1812  broke  out,  enlisted 
as  a  soldier;  was  an  ensign  under  General  Winches 
ter,  at  the  battle  of  the  River  Raisin;  under  General 
Jackson,  in  the  South,  attained  the  rank  of  Captain; 
was  made  a  Colonel  in  1817;  after  spending  many 
years  in  retirement,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  in  1839,  and  re-elected  in 
1841 ;  during  the  war  with  Mexico  obtained  such  dis 
tinction  that  he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of 
Major-General  in  the  Regular  Army ;  a  sword  was 
voted  to  him  by  Congress,  March  2,  1847;  when  Gen 
eral  Scott  was  recalled  from  the  City  of  Mexico, 
General  Butler  was  left  chief-in-command,  and  an 
nounced  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  May 
29,  1848;  in  1848  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
Vice-President,  on  the  ticket  with  Lewis  Cass  for 
President;  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Gov 
ernor  of  Nebraska  Territory,  but  declined  the  ap 
pointment;  was  the  author  of  many  fugitive  pieces 
of  poetry,  several  of  which  possess  uncommon  merit, 
and  one,  entitled  "  The  Boat  Horn, "  attained  great 
popularity;  in  1861  was  a  member  of  the  Peace  Con 
gress  held  in  Washington;  his  "Life  and  Public 
Services,"  from  the  pen  of  F.  P.  Blair,  was  published 
in  1848. 

Butman,  Samuel ;  'was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature  in  1822, 1826,  and  1827;  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Penobscot  County,  Maine,  from 
1827  to  1831,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Internal  Improvements;  in  1846  was  a  County  Com 
missioner;  in  1853  was  again  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature,  and  made  President  of  the  Senate.  Died  in 
1864. 

Butterfield,  Martin ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agricul 
ture. 

Butterworth,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Warren 
County,  Ohio,  October  22,  1839;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1873  and  1874; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses;  in  1884  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Patents  in  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Interior;  was  again  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Buttz,  Charles  "Wilson ;  was  bora  at  Strouds- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  November  16,  1837;  in  1839  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Belvidere,  New  Jersey; 
received  an  academic  education,  studied  law;  entered 
the  Union  Army  in  1861,  as  Second  Lieutenant,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major;  in  1863  resigned 
because  of  ill-health,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Norfolk,  Virginia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republi 
can  National  Convention  of  1864:  was  a  Director  of 
the  Exchange  Bank  of  Virginia;  removed  to  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  in  1870;  in  1872  was  elected 
Solicitor  of  the  First  Judicial  Circuit  for  the  term  of 
four  years;  was  a  contestant,  against  E.  W.  M. 
Mackey,  for  a  seat  as  a  Representative  from  South 


Carolina  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  the  contest 
resulted  in  the  seat  being  declared  vacant  ;  was 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Bynum,  Jesse  A. ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  educated  at  Union  College,  New 
York;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1833  to  1841 ;  while  in  Congress  he  fought 
a  duel  with  Daniel  Jenifer,  which  terminated  harm 
lessly;  at  the  close  of  his  last  term  removed  to  Lou 
isiana. 

Bynum,  "William  D.;  was  born  near  Newberry, 
Greene  County,  Indiana,  June  26,  1846;  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools,  and  at  the  Indiana 
State  University  at  Blooniington,  Indiana,  graduat 
ing  from  the  latter  in  1869;  in  1864  removed  to 
Bloomfield,  Indiana,  and  became  Deputy  Treasurer 
of  the  county;  early  in  1869  removed  to  Terre  Haute, 
Indiana,  and  studied  law;  in  December  of  that  year, 
settled  at  Washington,  Indiana,  in  the  practice  of 
law;  was  City  Attorney  and  City  Clerk  of  Washing 
ton,  Indiana,  from  1870 'to  1875;  in  the  latter  year 
was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city,  and  was  re-electe:l  in 
1877,  serving  until  1879;  in  1875  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Terre 
Haute,  but  resigned  three  months  later;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  and  Secretary  of  the  Electoral  College 
of  Indiana,  in  1876;  removed  to  Indianapolis  in 
1881;  in  1882  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and,  on  the  assembling  of  the  Legis 
lature,  was  elected  Speaker;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Indiana,  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress;  his  father  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  , 
and  settled  in  Indiana  at  an  early  date. 

Byrd,  Charles  "W.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education;  settled  in  Ohio;  in  1803 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  United  States- 
Judge  tor  the  District  of  Ohio. 

Cabell,  Edward  C.;  was  born  in  Richmond, 
Virginia,  in  1817;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Virginia;  in  1837  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Flori 
da,  where  he  settled  as  a  cotton  planter;  represented 
the  State  of  Florida  in  Congress  from  1847  to  1853. 

Cabell,  G-eorge  C.;  was  born  in  Danville,  Vir 
ginia,  January  25,  1837;  educated  at  Danville  Acad 
emy  until  eighteen  years  of  age;  then  taught  school 
in  Henry  County,  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  the 
study  of  law;  attended  the  University  of  Virginia 
Law  School  in  1857  and  1858;  began  to  practice  at 
Danville  in  the  latter  year,  when  he  was  elected  At 
torney  for  the  Commonwealth,  which  position  he  held 
until  the  commencement  of  the  Civil  War;  entered 
the  Confederate  service  in  1861 ,  raised  a  company  and 
was  made  Captain,  then  Major  in  the  Eighteenth 
Virginia  Infantry,  and  subsequently  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  same;  participated  in  most  of  the  bat 
tles  fought  by  the  Northern  Virginia  Army,  begin 
ning  with  Mauassas,  and  was  several  times  wounded; 
at  the  end  of  the  war  held  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  al'ter 
the  war,  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Danville; 
was  nominated  for  Congress  by  the  Conservatives  in 
1874,  and  elected  as  a  Representative  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty- 
ninth  Congresses. 

Cabell,  Samuel  J.;  in  the  beginning  of  the  War 
of  the  Revolution  was  at  William  and  Mary  College, 
and  left  there  to  join  the  first  armed  corps  raised  in 
Virginia;  soon  attained  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  the  Continental  Army,  serving  with  honor 
in  all  the  campaigns  until  the  fall  of  Charleston, 


76 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


May  12,  1780,  when  he  became  a  prisoner;  the  close 
of  the  war  restored  him  to  liberty ;  for  many  years 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Assembly;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1795  to 
1803.  Died  in  Nelson  County,  Virginia,  September 
4,  1818,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

Cabell,  William  H.;  -was  Governor  of  Virginia 
from  1805  to  1808;  afterwards  President  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals;  spent  fifty  years  in  public  life.  Died  in 
Richmond,  Virginia,  January  17,  1853. 

Cable,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

Cabot,  George  ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1752 ;  employed  the  early  part  of  his  life  in 
foreign  commerce;  before  he  was  twenty-six  years 
old  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress 
from  Massachusetts,  where  he  advocated  those  prin 
ciples  of  political  economy  for  which  he  was  after 
wards  distinguished;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  Constitution  of  that  State, 
and  also  of  that  which  ratified  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  to  promote  which  he  made  the 
most  strenuous  exertions.;  from  1791  to  1796  served 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  members  of  that  body ;  was  a  con 
fidential  friend  of  Washington  and  Hamilton,  to  the 
latter  of  whom  he  rendered  most  important  assist 
ance  in  forming  his  financial  system;  in  1808  was  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Massachusetts;  in  1814 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Hartford  Convention,  and  was 
made  President  of  that  body ;  after  that  period,  re- 
1  tired  from  public  life.  Died  in  Boston,  April  18, 
1823,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Cadwalader,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
April  1,  1805;  was  the  son  of  General  Thomas  Cad 
walader,  and  grandson  of  General  John  Cadwalader 
of  the  Revolutionary  Army;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1821;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1825;  continued  to  practice  his 
profession  in  Philadelphia  until  1854,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress;  declined  a  re-nomination  and  returned  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession;  in  1858  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for 
the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Cadwalader,  John  L. ;  was  born  near  Trenton, 
New  Jersey,  on  an  old  family  estate,  in  1837;  grad 
uated  at  Princeton  College  in  1856;  also  at  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  University;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  New  York  in  1860,  and  continued  in  the  prac 
tice  until  July  1,  1874,  when  he  was  appointed  As 
sistant  Secretary  of  State. 

Cadwalader,  Lambert ;  was  born  in  Trenton, 
New  Jersey;  commanded  a  regiment  early  in  the 
Revolution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1784  to  1787;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
again  from  1793  to  1795;  he  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac.  Died  in  Trenton,  September  12,  1823,  aged 
eighty-two  years. 

Cady,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Chatham,  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  April  29,  1773;  was  bred  a  shoe 
maker;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1795, 
and  practiced  with  success;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1815  to  1817;  pre 
viously  served  five  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1846  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1856;  was 


a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856,  when  he  presided  over 
the  College;  in  April,  1858,  without  a  moment's 
warning,  he  became  totally  blind.  Died  in  Johns 
town,  New  York,  October  31,  1859. 

Cady,  John  W.;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1822;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1823  to  1825. 

Cag-e,  Harry;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi  from  1833  to  1835. 

Cahoon,  "William ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1809;  from  1815  to  1820  he  was  a  State  Councilor; 
County  Judge  for  nine  years;  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of 
Vermont  in  1820  and  1821 ;  for  seven  years  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1829  to  1833. 

Cain,  Richard  H.;  was  born  in  Greenbrier 
County,  Virginia,  April  12,  1825;  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1831,  and  settled  in  Gallipolis;  received  a  limited 
education;  entered  the  ministry  at  an  early  age;  be 
came  a  student  at  Wilberforce  University,  at  Xenia, 
Ohio,  in  1860;  removed  to  Brooklyn.  New  York, 
where  he  discharged  ministerial  duties  for  four  years; 
was  sent  as  a  missionary  to  the  freedmen  in  South 
Carolina;  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  South  Carolina;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  and  served  two  years:  edited  a 
newspaper  from.  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving~bn  the  Committee  on  Agriculture; 
was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Caine,  John  T.;  was  born  in  the  Par'sh  of  Kirk 
Patrick,  Isle  of  Man,  January  8,  1829;  received  a 
good  education;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1846;  settled  in  Utah  in  1852;  engaged  in  various 
pursuits;  was  Secretary  of  the  Legislative  Council  in 
1856,  1857,  1859,  and  1860;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Constitutional  Conventions  of  1872  and  1882;  served 
in  the  Territorial  Council  in  1874,  1876,  1880,  and 
1882;  was  elected  a  Regent  of  the  Deseret  University 
in  1876,  1878,  1880,  and  1882;  was  elected  Recorder 
of  Salt  Lake  City  in  1876,  and  re-elected  in  1878, 
1880,  and  1882 ;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Utah  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  ineligibility  of  Delegate-elect  George  Q.  Cannon; 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -eighth  and  Forty -ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Cake,  Henry  L.;  was  born  in  Northumberland, 
Pennsylvania,  October  6,  1827;  was  educated  in  the 
schools  of  his  native  town;  learned  the  business  of 
printing  at  Harrisburg,  and  settled  in  Schuylkill 
County  in  1847;  was  elected  Brigadier-General  of 
Militia  in  1854;  on  April  18,  1861,  arrived  in  Wash 
ington  in  command  of  the  first  five  hundred  soldiers 
enlisted  to  put  down  the  Rebellion,  and  was  quar 
tered  in  the  Capitol  twenty-four  hours  before  any 
other  volunteers  had  arrived;  in  May  these  troops 
were  organized  as  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  Penn 
sylvania  Volunteers,  and  he  was  elected  its  Colonel ; 
after  serving  for  a  time  under  Generals  Stone  and 
Patterson  he  re-organized  his  regiment,  which  became 
the  Ninety-sixth,  and  continued  in  the  service  until 
1863,  when  he  resigned;  before  entering  the  army, 
was  twice  a  candidate  for  the  State  Senate;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Printing,  the  Library,  the  Roads  and 
Canals,  and  as  Chairman  of  Accounts. 

Caldwell,  Alexander ;  was  for  several  years 
United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Western  District 
of  Virginia.  Died  at  Wheeling,  April  8,  18J9. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


77 


Caldwell,  Andrew  J.;  was  born  at  Monte vallo, 
Alabama;  graduated  at  Franklin  College,  Tennessee, 
in  1853;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout 
the  Civil  War;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1867;  practiced  his  profession  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee;  in  1870  was  elected  Attorney-General  for 
the  Criminal  District  of  Nashville  and  Murfreesboro, 
and  served  eight  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Caldwell,  George  A.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  again"  from  1849  to  1851; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National 
Union  Convention"  of  1866.  Died  in  Louisville, 
September  17,  1866. 

Caldwell,  Greene  W.;  was  born  in  Gaston 
County,  North  Carolina,  April  13,  1811;  studied 
medicine,  and  practiced  with  success;  subsequently 
devoted  himself  to  the  law;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1841  to  1843;  was 
subsequently  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  United 
States  Mint  at  Charlotte,  which  position  he  resigned; 
participated  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  volunteer 
Captain  of  a  company  of  dragoons. 

Caldwell,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  studied  law;  emigrated  to 
Arkansas  and  entered  into  practice;  in  1864  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  District 
of  Arkansas,  residing  at  Little  Rock. 

Caldwell,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1813  to  1817. 

Caldwell,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Maine;  in  1874 
was  appointed,  from  that  State,  Minister  Resident  to 
Paraguay  and  Uruguay,  residing  at  Montevideo;  re 
signed  in  1882. 

Caldwell,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Huntsville, 
Alabama;  studied  two  years  at  Bacon  College,  Har- 
rodsburg,  Kentucky;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Alabama  in  1857;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859;  was  elected  Solicitor  tor  the  Tenth  Judicial 
Circuit  by  the  Legislature  at  the  session  of  1859;  re- 
elected  in  1863;  deposed  by  the  Provisional  Gover 
nor  in  1865;  re-elected  the  same  winter,  and  was  re 
moved  from  the  office,  in  1867,  by  military  authority, 
for  refusing  to  obey  military  orders;  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  until  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  and  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Agriculture. 

Caldwell,  John  W.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  in 
1868  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Bolivia,  but 
remained  in  office  only  about  one  year. 

Caldwell,  John  William ;  was  born  at  Russel- 
ville,  Kentucky,  January  15,  1838;  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army  in  1861,  as  Captain,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  in 
1866  was  elected  County  Judge  of  Logan  County, 
Kentucky,  and  was  re-elected  in  1870;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Ferty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses,  and  de 
clined  a  re-nomination. 

Caldwell,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Iredell  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1808;  was  educated  at  Bethany 
Academy;  studied  law;  entered  public  life  in  1838, 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  where  he 
served  a  number  of  years ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1849  to  1853. 


Caldwsll,  Patrick  C.;  was  a  native  of  South 
Carolina;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Man 
ufactures. 

Caldwell,  Robert  P.;  was  born  in  Adair  County, 
Kentucky,  December  16,  1821  ;  received  a  public 
school  education;  studied  law  and  settled  in  Tennes 
see;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee  in 
1847,  and  to  the  Senate  in  1855;  was  elected  Attor 
ney-General  in  the  Sixteenth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1858; 
was  Major  of  Infantry  in  the  Confederate  service; 
had  his  disabilities  removed  by  Act  of  Congress;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Caldwell,  Tod  R. ;  was  born  in  Morganton, 
Burke  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1818;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  that  State  in  1840 ;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1842;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1842  to  1844;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1850; 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  1868;  in  1872  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State.  Died  at  Hillsborough,  North 
Carolina,  July  11,  1874. 

Caldwell,  "William  P.;  was  born  at  Christmas- 
ville,  Carroll  County,  Tennessee,  November  8,  1832; 
educated  at  Cumberland  College,  Princeton,  Ken 
tucky;  studied  law  at  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  and  began 
to  practice  at  Dresden,  in  that  State;  was  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  in  1857,  and  again  in  1869; 
was  on  the  Douglas  Electoral  Ticket  in  1860;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  in 
1868,  which  nominated  Seymour  and  Blair;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth 
Congress. 

Calhoun,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  in 
1851  was  appointed  the  first  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  New  Mexico. 

Calhoun,  John;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  for  many  years  a  Circuit 
Judge;  in  1820  and  1821  was  a  member  of  the  legis 
lature  from  Ohio  County,  and  in  1829,  1830,  and  i«40, 
a  member  of  the  same  from  Breckenridge  Coanty; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1835  to  1839.  The  County-seat  of  McLean 
County  was  named  for  him  in  1852. 

Calhoun,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Abbeville  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  March  18,  1782;  was  of  an 
Irish  family;  at  the  age  of  thirteen  was  put  under 
the  charge  of  his  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Waddell,  in 
Columbia  County,  Georgia;  entered  Yale  College  in 
1802,  and  graduated  vvitn  distinction;  studied  law  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  in  1807  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  South  Carolina;  the  next  year  entered  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  where  he  served  for  two 
sessions  with  ability  and  distinction;  in  1811  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  continued  until  1817, 
when  he  became  Secretary  of  War  under  President 
Monroe,  and  conducted  the  affairs  of  that  depart 
ment  with  energy  and  ability  for  seven  years;  in  1825 
was  elected  Vice- President ;  in  1831,  upon  General 
Hayne's  leaving  the  Senate  to  become  Governor  of 
South  Carolina,  Mr.  Calhoun  resigned  the  Vice-Presi 
dency,  and  was  elected,  by  the  Legislature  of  South 
Carolina,  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate; 
after  the  expiration  of  his  Senatorial  term,  went 
voluntarily  into  retirement;  upon  the  death  of  Mr. 
Upshur,  in  1843,  assumed  the  conduct  of  the  State 
Department,  which  he  held  until  the  close  of  Presi 
dent  Tyler's  administration  ;  in  1845  was  again 
elected  Senator,  which  office  he  held  until  his  de 
cease.  From  1811,  wlien  he  entered  Congress,  until 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


h's  death,  he  was  rarely  absent  from  Washington 
and  during  the  greater  part  of  that  period  was  in  thi 
public  service  of  his  State  and  country.  He  enterec 
Congress  at  a  time  of  unusual  excitement,  preceding 
the  declaration  of  war  of  1812,  and  had  great  in 
fluence  in  favor  of  that  measure.  In  the  difficulties 
and  embarrassments  upon  the  termination  of  war,  anc 
the  transition  to  a  peace  establishment,  he  took  a  re 
sponsible  part.  As  a  presiding  officer  of  the  Senate 
he  was  punctual,  methodical,  and  accurate,  and  hac 
a  liigh  regard  for  the  dignity  of  the  body,  which  he 
endeavored  to  preserve  and  maintain.  His  connec 
tion  with  nullification,  his  views  on  the  tariff,  hi.' 
opinions  in  regard  to  slavery,  and  the  many  and  ex 
citing  questions  arising  from  it,  are  well  known.  He 
shaped  the  course  and  molded  the  opinions  of  the  peo 
ple  of  his  own  State,  and  of  some  other  Southern 
States,  upon  all  these  subjects.  Amid  all  the  strife; 
of  party  politics,  there  always  existed  between  him 
and  his  political  opponents  a  great  degree  of  personal 
kindness.  He  died  in  Washington  City,  March  31, 
1850,  leaving  behind  him  a  reputation  of  one  of  the 
greatest  and  purest  of  American  statesmen.  His  col 
lected  writings  and  speeches  were  published  in  six  vol 
umes,  in  1854  to  1857,  accompanied  with  abiography. 

Calhoun,  JohnE.;  was  born  in  1749;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1774;  studied  law,  in  which 
profession  he  became  distinguished;  was,  for  many 
years,  in  the  State  Legislature  of  South  Carolina;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1801  to  1802;  was  a  decided  Republican,  and  sup 
ported  Mr.  Jefferson ;  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  which  was  instructed  to  report  a  modification  of 
the  Judiciary  system  of  the  United  States.  Died  in 
Pendleton  District,  November  3,  1802. 

Calhoun,  Joseph  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Calhoun,  "William  B.;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  December  29,  1796;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1814;  was  bred  to  the  law;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  from  1825  to  1835,  and 
Speaker  for  two  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from  1835  to  1843;  Pres 
ident  of  the  State  Senate  in  1846  and  1847;  Secretary 
of  State  from  1848  to  1851;  Bank  Commissioner  from 
1853  to  1855;  Presidential  Elector  in  1844;  Mayor  of 
Springfield  in  1859.  Died  in  Springfield,  Massachu 
setts,  November  8,  1865. 

Calkin,  H.  C.;  was  born  in  Maiden,  Ulster  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  March  23,  1828;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  settled  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1847;  was, 
for  five  years,  employed  in  the  Morgan  Iron  Works; 
in  1852  commenced  business  on  his  own  account,  as 
a  dealer  in  a  variety  of  iron  and  copper  materials, 
identifying  himself  with  the  shipping  interests  of  the 
country;  held  no  public  positions,  excepting  that  of 
a  school  officer  in  his  ward;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Calkins,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Pike  County, 
Ohio,  February  18,  1842;  adopted  the  profession  of 
•the  law;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  and  served 
almost  continuously,  until  1865;  was  State's  Attor 
ney  for  the  ninth  Judicial  Circuit  from  1866  to  1870; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1871 ; 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1874; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana,  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty- 
eighth  Congresses. 

Call,  Jacob ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1824  to  1825. 


Call,  Richard  K..;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  having 
taken  an  interest  in  military  affairs,  became  Aid-de 
camp  to  General  Jackson  in  1818;  was  promoted  to 
Captain  soon  afterwards,  and  subsequently  was  ap 
pointed  Brigadier-General  of  the  Florida  Militia; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Florida 
in  1822;  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  that  Territory, 
from  1823  to  1825;  Receiver  of  Public  Money  for  the 
Land  Office;  was  Governor  of  Florida  from  18156  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1844.  Died  at  Talla 
hassee,  in  September,  1862. 

Call,  "Wilkinson ;  was  born  at  Russellville,  Lo 
gan  County,  Kentucky,  January  9,  1834;  received  a 
thorough  education;  studied  law,  and  engaged  in  its 
practice;  settled  in  Florida;  immediately  after  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War  was  elected  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Florida,  but  was  not  permitted  to  take  his 
seat:  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  Flor 
ida  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1879;  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1891. 

Callis,  John  B.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  in 
1828;  emigrated  to  Tennessee  in  1841;  from  that 
State  went  to  Wisconsin;  entered  the  volunteer  forces 
during  the  Rebellion  as  a  Lieutenant,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General;  after  the  war,  settled  in 
Alabama;  was  commissioned  a  Colonel  in  the  Regu 
lar  Army;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Enrolled  Bills. 

Calvert,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Prince  George 
County,  Maryland,  August  24,  1808;  received  his 
earliest  education  in  Philadelphia;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia  in  1827;  was,  for  many  years, 
President  of  the  Maryland  Agricultural  Society;  also 
of  the  Prince  George  County  Society,  and  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society;  de 
voted  special  attention  to  the  raising  of  superior 
breeds  of  cattle;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland  in  1839,  1843,  and  1844;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  on  Agriculture.  Died  at  Riverside, 
Maryland,  May  14,  1864. 

Calvin,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Washingtonville, 
olumbia  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  30.  1811:  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and  became  a  school 
teacher,  with  the  view  of  supporting  his  father's 
family  and  obtaining  the  means  for  a  classical  edu 
cation;  accomplished  these  objects;  subsequently 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  and 
practiced  in  Hollidaysburg,  Pennsylvania;  in  1848 
was  elected  a  member  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-first  Congress,  and  in  1850  declined  a  re 
election. 

Cambell,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
L779;  was  bred  a  physician;  removed  to  Kentucky  in 
L785;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in 
[800;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1803;  was  a  member  of  the 
Dhio  Legislature  in  1806;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
rom  that  State  from  1809  to  1813;  served  as  a  State 
Senator  from  1813  to  1823.  Died  at  Ripley,  Ohio, 
November  5,  1857. 

Cambell,  Brookins ;  was  born  in  "Washington 
bounty,  Tennessee,  in  1808;  was,  for  many  years,  a 

meml  er  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1845  was 
inanimously  elected  Speaker;  was  an  officer  in  the 

Quartermaster's  Department  in  the  war  with  Mexico; 

was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 

Thirty-third  Congress.  Died  in  Washington,  Dis- 
rict  of  Columbia,  December  25,  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


79 


Cambreleng,  Churchill  C.;  was  born  in  Wash 
ington.  North  Carolina,  in  1786;  received  an  academic' 
education  at  Newberne,  in  that  State;  had  a  special 
fondness  for  field  sports,  but  did  not  let  them  inter 
fere  with  his  duties  as  a  clerk  in  a  Carolina  store, 
where  he  was  engaged  for  two  years;  removed  to  New 
Fork  City  in  1802,  which  was  afterwards  his  home,  ex 
cepting  the  year  1806,  when  he  was  a  counting-house 
clerk  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  at  an  early  day 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  with  John  Jacob 
Astor,  and  traveled  extensively  over  the  world;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1821  to  1839.  and  officiated  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce,  Ways  and  Means,  and  on 
Foreign  Affairs;  in  1840  was  appointed  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  Russia;  his  reports  and  political 
pamphlets  were  at  one  time  very  numerous,  one  of 
the  former,  on  Commerce  and  Navigation,  having 
gone  through  several  editions  and  been  re-published 
in  London;  it  was  while  traveling  in  Europe  he  re 
ceived  the  appointment  of  Minister,  and  on  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  retired  to  Private  life.  Died 
at  West  Neck,  Long  Island,  April  30,  1862. 

Camden,  Johnson  N.;  was  born  in  Lewis 
County,  Virginia,  (now  West  Virginia,)  in  1828;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  was  a  cadet  at  the  United 
States  Military  Academy,  at  West  Point,  from  1846 
to  1848;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  18(31;  in  that  year  was  appointed,  and  in  1862  was 
elected,  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Braxton  County; 
became  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  West 
Virginia  in  1862;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Governor  in  1868,  and  again  in  1873;  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  West  Virginia, 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881. 

Cameron,  Angus  ;  was  born  in  Caledonia,  Liv 
ingston  County,  New  York,  July  4,  1826;  studied 
law  at  Buffalo,  and  graduated  at  the  National  Law 
School  at  Ballston  Spa,  New  York;  removed  to  La 
Crosse,  Wisconsin,  in  1857;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1863,  1864,  1871,  and  1872;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  in  1866  and  1867;  was 
Speaker  of  that  body  in  1867;  was  a  member  of  the 
National  Republican  Convention  at  Baltimore  in 
1864;  was  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin 
from  1866  to  1875;  was  then  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  by  Republicans,  Democrats,  and  Liber 
als,  for  the  term  ending  in  1881;  was  re-elected,  in 
1881,  for  the  remainder  of  the  term  ending  in  1885, 
to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Matthew 
H.  Carpenter. 

Cameron,  James  Donald  ;  was  born  at  Mid- 
dletown,  Pennsylvania,  in  1833;  received  a  classical 
education;  graduated  from  Princeton  College  in  1852; 
became  clerk  in  a  bank,  and  was  promoted  to  Cashier; 
was  President  of  the  Northern  Central  Railway  from 
18S6  to  1^74;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Convention  of  1876;  was  Secretary  of  War  in 
1876  and  1877;  in  1877  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  Pennsylvania,  for  the  term  end 
ing  March  3,  1879,  to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  his  father,  Hon.  Simon  Cameron;  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1879;  in  1885  was  again  re-elected. 

Cameron,  John  A.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Florida  when  it  was  a  Territory;  Avas  appointed  one 
of  the  tirst  Judges  for  the  United  States  Court  in  that 
Territory. 

Cameron,  Simon;  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  8,  1799;  was  left  an 
orphan  when  only  nine  years  of  age;  educated  him 
self  while  pursuing  the  avocation  of  a  printer,  in 


newspaper  offices  at  Harrisburg  and  Washington 
City;  when  twenty-two  years  of  age  edited  and  pub 
lished  a  Democratic  journal  at  the  former  city;  pre 
viously  had  charge  of  a  paper,  the  Pennsylvania  In 
telligencer,  at  Doylestown,  Pennsylvania,  in  1832,  es 
tablished  the  Middletown  Bank;  devoted  much  of 
his  attention  to  the  railroad-interests  of  his  native 
State;  before  entering  Congress  was  the  Cashier  of  a 
bank,  President  of  two  railroad  companies,  and  Adju 
tant-General  of  the  State;  was  first  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  in  1845,  where  he  served  until  1849;  was 
again  elected  to  the  same  position  in  1857.  for  the 
term  ending  in  18!J3;  resigned  in  1861;  in  1860  was 
prominently  mentioned  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presi 
dency;  in  1861  became  Secretary  of  War  under  Presi 
dent  Lincoln;  in  1862  resigned  that  position  and  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Russia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Baltimore  Convention  of  1864,  and  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  in  January, 
1867,  was  again  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Military  Affairs  and  Ordnance,  and  as  Chairman  of 
those  on  Agriculture  and  Foreign  Relations;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  for  a  fourth  term,  ending  in 
1870;  resigned  in  1877. 

Cameron,  "William  E.;  was  elected  Governor 
of  Virginia  for  the  term  of  four  years,  from  January 

1882. 

Camp,  John  H.;  was  born  at  Ithaca,  New  York, 
April  14,  1840;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced 
practice  in  1860;  was  District  Attorney  of  Wayne 
County  from  1837  to  1870;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Campbell,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Concord, 
Pennsylvania,  October  4,  1814;  received  a  limited 
education;  as  Clerk  and  Superintendent  was  engaged 
in  the  iron  business  in  several  States,  when  he  set 
tled  in  Illinois;  was  twice  Mayor  of  La  Salle;  served 
two  terms  in  the  Illinois  Legislature;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1862;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Campbell,  David ;  was  one  of  the  first  Terri 
torial  Judges  appointed  after  the  adoption  of  the  Con 
stitution — having  received  his  commission  from  Presi 
dent  Washington  in  1790,  for  the  Territory  south  of 
the  Ohio  River;  in  1811  received,  from  "President 
Madison,  the  appointment  of  Judge  for  the  Territory 
of  Mississippi. 

Campbell,  David;  was  appointed  Major  of  the 
Twelfth  Infantry,  July  6,  1812;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  Twentieth  Infantry,  March  12,  1813;  resigned 
January  28,  1814;  was  Governor  of  Virginia  from 
1836  to  1839.  Died  in  Abingdon,  Virginia,  March 
19,  1859,  aged  eighty  years. 

Campbell,  Felix;  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New- 
York,  February  28,  1829;  attended  the  common 
sch'ools  until  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  entered 
the  office  of  the  Brooklyn  Eagle  to  learn  the  printer's 
trade;  followed  this  trade  for  five  years,  and  then  be 
came  an  apprentice  to  the  business  of  engineering 
and  steam -heating;  after  working  for  ten  years  as  an 
employe,  engaged  in  business  for  himself  in  the  store 
in  which  he  had  learned  his  trade,  and  was  very  suc 
cessful;  in  1856  and  1857  was  President  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors;  was,  for  thirteen  years,  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Widows'  and  Orphans' 
Fund  of  the  Fire  Department;  for  twelve  years  Pres 
ident  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Fire 
Department;  became  a  Director  in  several  corpora- 


so 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


tions;  was,  for  twelve  years,  a  member  of  the  City 
Board  of  Education;  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  New  York,  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Campbell,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  1788;  graduated  at:  Princeton  College  in  1794;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1803  to  1809,  serving 
during  the  last  two  years  of  his  term  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court;  was  elected  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  in  1811;  resigned  on  being 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  1814;  resumed 
his  seat  in  the  Senate  the  following  year,  and  served 
until  1818,  when  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Rus 
sia,  where  he  remained  until  18:21;  in  1831  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  settle  the  claim-; 
against  France.  Died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  Feb 
ruary  17,  1848. 

Campbell,  Jacob  Miller;  wa^?  born  in  Somer 
set  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  20,  1821;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  learned  the  trade 
of  a  printer;  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  first  Republican  Convention,  held  at 
Philadelphia,  in  185(j;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
from  1861  to  18(J5,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Brevet 
Brigadier-General;  was  elected  Surveyor-General  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1805,  and  re-elected,  serving  six 
years;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Col 
lege;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty -eighth 
and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Campbell,  James ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1813;  was  of  Irish  descent;  after  receiving  a  thorough 
education,  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1834; 
practiced  his  profession  in  Philadelphia  until  1842; 
in  that  year  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  Common  Pleas, 
and  held  the  position  until  1850;  in  1852  was  made 
Attorney-General  for  the  State;  in  1853  went  into 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Pierce,  as  Postmaster-Gen 
eral,  where  he  served  until  the  close  of  that  ad 
ministration. 

Campbell,  James  E.;  was  born  in  Middletown, 
Ohio,  July  17,  1843;  received  an  academic  education; 
served  in  the  United  States  Navy  during  the  Civil 
War;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  of  Butler  County,  Ohio,  from  1876  to  1880;  in 
1882  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty -eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Campbell,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Williams- 
port,  Lyconiing  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  8, 
1820;  graduated  at  the  Carlisle  Law  School;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1841;  in  1844  was  a  member  of 
the  Whig  Convention  at  Baltimore;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1855 
to  1857,  and  again  from  1858  to  1861,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Elections  and  as  a  member  of 'the 
Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious 
States;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad;  in  1864  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  Minister  Resident  to  Sweden;  in  1866  was  made 
Minister  to  Bogota. 

Campbell,  John;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1829 
was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and 
remained  in  office  until  1839. 

Campbell,  John';  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1801  to  1811;  was  Judge 


of  the  Orphans'  Court  ia  Charles  County,  where  he 
died  June  23,  1828,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Campbell,  John ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1819;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1829  to  1831,  and  a^iin  from  183T  to  1815.  Died  at 
his  residence  in  Maiiborough  District,  Soutli  Caro 
lina,  May  19,  1845. 

Campbsll,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1837  to  1843. 

Campbell,  John  Allen ;  was  born  in  Salem, 
Ohio,  October  8,  1835;  received  a  common  school 
education;  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  printing 
business;  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion 
entered  the  Volunteer  Army  as  Second  Lieutenant, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General, 
"for  cou:-age  in  the  fiekl  and  marked  ability  and 
fidelity"  at  Rich  Mountain,  Shiloh,  Perryville.  Mur- 
freesborough,  and  through  the  Atlanta  campaign; 
in  1866  became  assistant  editor  of  the  Cleveland 
Daily  Leader;  was  soon  appointed  in  the  Regular 
Army,  and  made  a  Lieutenant-Colonel,  se.-viug  as 
Adjutant  on  the  staff  of  General  Scofield;  in  1869 
was  appointed  the  first  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Wyoming;  re-appointed  in  1873;  in  1875  was  ap 
pointed  Third  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Department 
of  State. 

Campbell,  John  Archibald;  was  b^rn  in 
Washington,  Wilkes  County,  Georgia,  June  24,  1811; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1826; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Montgomery, 
Alabama,  in  1830;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which  office  he  resigned 
in  1861,  after  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion; 
was  opposed  to  the  secession  of  Alabama,  and  in  1864 
did  all  in  his  power  to  bring  the  war  to  a  close;  after 
the  war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 
city  of  New  Orleans. 

Campbell,  John  GK;  was  born  at  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  June  25,  1827;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1841;  received  a  common  school  education; 
learned  the  trade  of  baker  and  confectioner  at  Detroit, 
Michigan;  removed  to  California  in  1849;  engaged  in 
various  pursuits;  went  to  the  Republic  of  Chili,  South 
America,  in  1857,  returning  to  California  in  1859;  in 
1863  settled  in  the  Territory  of  Arizona;  filled  various 
county  offices;  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Council  in  1868  and  1874;  was  elected  a  Delegate 
from  the  Territory  of  Arizona  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Campbell,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  settled  in  Phila 
delphia,  and  devoted  much  attention  to  politics;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847,  de 
clining  a  re-nomination.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  Jan 
uary  19,  1868. 

Campbell,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives 
from  Christian  County,  in  1826;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Campbell,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Augusta 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Ohio  from  1817  to  1827;  was  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Ohio.  Died  September  24, 
1833. 

Campbell,  Lewis  D.;  was  born  in  Franklin, 
Warren  County,  Ohio,  August  9,  1811;  received  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


HI 


limited  education;  was,  at  an  early  day,  attached  to 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette  as  printer  and  assistant  editor; 
subsequently  had  the  entire  control  of  another  politi 
cal  paper;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice; 
was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  from  Ohio  in  1848, 
and  was  re-elected  to  each  successive  Congress,  down 
to  the  Thirty-fifth,  when  his  seat  was  contested,  and 
the  House  of  Representatives  decided  against  his 
claim;  during  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  in  De 
cember,  1865,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson, 
Minister  to  Mexico;  before  leaving  the  country,  at 
tended,  as  a  Delegate,  the  Philadelphia  "National 
Union,"  and  the  Cleveland  "Soldiers'  Convention" 
of  1866;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  on  various  Committees. 

Campbell,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1809; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1835  to  1837; 
was  subsequently  appointed,  by  President  Fillmore, 
American  Consul  at  Havana,  Cuba. 

Campbell,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Mansfield, 
Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1821  to  1823;  previously  served  five 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State. 

Campbell,  Thomas  F.;  was  a  native  of  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1834  to  1835. 

Campbell,  Thomas  J.;  was  a  native  of  Tennes 
see;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1841  to  1843;  was  twice  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  from  1847  to  1850;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1837  and  1841;  during  the  years  1813 
and  1814  was  an  Assistant  Inspector-General  of 
Militia.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
April  13,  1850. 

Campbell,  Thompson  ;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois, 
from  1851  to  1853.  Died  in  California,  December  7 

1868. 

Campbell,  Timothy  J. ;  was  born  in  County 
Cavan,  Ireland,  in  1840;  came  to  the  United  State: 
when  rive  years  old,  and  settled  in  New  York  City; 
attended  the  public  schools  in  the  city  of  New  York ; 
learned  the  printing  business,  and  worked  on  the 
leading  New  York  dailies;  was  employed  as  a  com 
positor  on  the  Herald  when  nominated  for  the  State 
Assembly,  in  1867;  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  in 
1868,  '69,  '70.  '71,  '72,  and  '73;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Assembly  in  1875,  and  was  afterwards  elected  Justice 
of  the  Fifth  District  Civil  Court  in  New  York  City 
served  six  years  in  that  capacity;  in  1883  was  re 
turned  to  the  State  Assembly;  was  nominated  for 
State  Senator  and  elected;  in  1885,  before  his  term 
expired,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  cre 
ated  by  the  appointment  of  S.  S.  Cox  as  Minister  to 
Turkey. 

Campbell,  "William  B.;  was  born  in  Tennessee 
read  law  at  Abingdon  and  Winchester,  Virginia;  cami 
to  the  bar  in  his  native  State,  and  was  soon  after 
wards  chosen  Attorney -General  for  the  Fourth  Dis 
trict;  was  elected  to  the  Tennessee  Legislature  in 
1835;  raised  a  company  and  served  as  Captain  in  the 
Creek  and  Florida  Wars  of  1836;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1837  to  1843 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Claims,  Territories 
and  Military  Affairs ;  in  1844  was  elected  Major 
General  of  Militia,  and  was  Colonel  of  the  First  Regi 

6 


nent  of  Tennessee  Volunteers  in  the  Mexican  War, 
listinguishing  himself  at  the  battles  of  Monterey 
ind  Cerro  Gordo;  from  1850  to  1853  was  Governor  of 
Tennessee,  and  in  1857  was  chosen,  by  a  unanimous 
vote  of  the  Legislature,  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Tennessee;  in  1862,  without  solicitation  on  his 
)art,  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Briga- 
lier-General  in  the  Union  Army,  which  he  soon  re 
signed  on  account  of  ill  health ;  at  the  close  of  the 
,var,  in  1865,  was  re-elected  a  Representative  to  the 
rhirty-ninth  Congress,  but  was  not  admitted  to  his 
seat  until  near  the  close  of  the  first  session  of  that 
Congress,  and  during  the  second  session  was  placed 
on  the  Committee  on  the  New  Orleans  Riots.  Died 
in  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  August  19,  1867. 

Campbell,  William  W. ;  was  born  in  Cherry 
Valley,  New  York,  June  10,  1806 ;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1827;  studied  law  with  Judge  Kent, 
of  New  York,  and  in  1831  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  that  city,  having  previously  writ 
ten  and  published  a  history  of  the  Border  War  of  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1845  to  1847,  and  then  spent  a  year  in 
Europe ;  on  his  return  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  New  York  City,  and  served  seven 
years;  was  subsequently  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  State. 

Canby,  Richard  S.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Candler,  Allen  D.;  was  born  in  Lumpkin  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  November  4,  1834;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  at  Mercer  University,  Georgia, 
in  1859;  was  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Clay 
ton  High  School,  at  Jonesboro,  Georgia,  until  the 
winter  of  1861,  when  he  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  private;  rose,  through  the  intermediate 
grades,  to  the  Colonelcy  of  his  regiment;  received 
three  wounds,  losing  an  eye  before  Atlanta;  was 
President  of  Baily  Institute,  at  Griffin,  Georgia,  from 
1866  to  1870;  removed  to  Gainesville,  Georgia,  and 
engaged  in  the  lumber  business;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives  from  1872  to 
1878;  State  Senator  from  1878  to  1880;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Candler,  Milton  A.;  was  born  in  Campbell 
County,  Georgia,  January  11,  1837;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Georgia  in  1854;  studied  law;  came  to 
the  bar  in  1856,  and  settled  in  Decatur,  De  Kalb 
County,  where  he  practiced  the  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1861  to  1863; 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1865; 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1868  for  four  years;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Candler,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  February  10,  1828;  received  an  academic 
education;  in  1845  entered  a  counting-house;  en 
gaged  in  merchandizing  and  maritime  transportation; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1866;  was  Chairman  of  the  Commissioners  of  Prisons; 
was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  of  the  Com 
mercial  Club  of  Boston;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Cannon,  G-eorge  Q.;  was  born  in  Liverpool, 
England,  January  11,  1827;  emigrated,  with  his 
parents,  to  the  United  States;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  learned  the  art  of  printing,  and  became  an  ed- 


82 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


itar;  was  one  of  the  first  emigrants  to  Salt  Lake 
Utah;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislativ 
Council  of  Utah  in  1865,  1866,  1869,  and  the  thre 
succeeding  years;  in  1865  was  elected  a  Eegent  of  th 
Deseret  University;  at  a  Constitutional  Conventior 
held  at  Salt  Lake  City  in  1872,  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  to  present  the  Constitution  and  memorial  t< 
Congress  for  the  admission  of  the  Territory  into  th 
Union  as  a  State;  was  elected  Delegate  from  Utah  to 
the  'Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses;  re 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses 
also  re-elected  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  bu 
was  declared  ineligible. 

Cannon,  Henry  W.;  was  born  at  Delhi,  Nev 
York,  in  1850;  was  educated  in  private  schools  anc 
at  Delaware  Literary  Institute  of  Delhi;  in  earl;; 
youth  became  a  clerk,  and  afterwards  Teller  in  th 
First  National  Bank  of  Delhi,  New  York;  in  1870  ac 
cepted  a  position  in  the  Second  National  Bank  of  St 
Paul,  Minnesota;  in  1871  removed  to  Stillwater 
Minnesota,  and  organized  the  Lumberman's  Nationa' 
Bank,  of  which  he  was  made  Cashier;  this  position 
he  held  for  fifteen  years;  was  also  Secretary  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Stillwater,  and  Secretary, 
Treasurer  and  General  Manager  of  the  water  and 
gas  companies  of  the  city;  in  May,  1884,  was  ap 
pointed  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  in  the  United 
States  Treasury  at  Washington ;  resigned  in  January, 
1886,  to  accept  the  position  of  Vice  President  of  the 
National  Bank  of  the  Republic,  of  New  York  City. 

Cannon,  Joseph  GK;  was  born  in  Guilford, 
North  Carolina,  May  7,  1836;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law;  wras  State's  Attorney  in  Illinois  from  1861  to 
1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  servin_ 
on  the  Committee  on  Post  Graces  and  Post  Roads; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Cannon,  Newton ;  was  born  in  Guilford  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee,  from  1814  to  1817,  and  again  from 
1819  to  1823;  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
in  1819,  one  of  two  Commissioners  to  treat  with  the 
Chickasaws;  was  Governor  of  Tennessee  from  1835 
to  1839.  Died  September  29, 1842. 

Cannon,  William;  was  born  ii.  Bridgeville, 
Delaware,  in  1809;  was  for  some  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  of  Delaware;  was  State  Treasurer,  and 
member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861 ;  was  Gover 
nor  of  Delaware  from  1864  to  1865.  Died  in  Phila 
delphia,  March  1,  1865. 

Cantine,  'John ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Eighth  Congress,  but  resigned 
soon  after  taking  his  seat,  and  Josiah  Hasbrouck  was 
elected  in  his  place. 

Caperton,  Allen  T.;  was  born  in  Union,  Monroe 
County,  Virginia;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1839; 
studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  a  number  of  years;  in 
1861  was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention,  to  con 
sider  the  impending  troubles,  and  took  the  side  of  the 
Union,  but  when  the  State  went  out  of  the  Union 
sided  with  the  South;  in  1863  was  elected  to  the  Con 
federate  Senate;  was  pardoned  by  President  Johnson 
after  the  war;  sub  icquently  devoted  his  attention  to 
his  profession,  and  certain  mining  interests;  in  1875 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  West  Virginia 
for  the  term  ending  in  1881.  Died  July  25,  1876. 

Caperton,  Hugh ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1780; 
•was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  was  for  many  years  a 


member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  the  Greenbrier  region  of 
Virginia  from  1813  to  1815.  Died  in  Monroe  County, 
Virginia,  February  9,  1847.  He  was  the  father  of 
Allen  T.  Caperton. 

Capron,  Horace  ;  was  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York;  after  receiving  a  scientific  education,  turned 
his  attention  to  manufacturing;  was  appointed  to  the 
charge  of  a  factory  in  Maryland ;  subsequently  turned 
his  attention  to  a  model  farm;  in  1854  removed  to 
Illinois,  and  devoted  him.self,  successfully,  to  the 
breeding  of  Devon  cattle;  served  in  the  army  during 
the  Rebellion,  and  became  a  Brigadier-General;  in 
1868  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Agriculture;  in 
1871  was  invited,  by  the  Japanese  Government,  to 
take  charge  of  certain  agricultural  experiments  and 
improvements  in  Japan,  where  he  remained  four 
years;  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1875,  bring 
ing  with  him  flattering  testimonials  from  the 
Emperor  of  Japan;  settled  in  the  City  of  Washing 
ton.  Died  February  23,  1885. 

Carey,  George  ;  was  a  native  of  Charles  County, 
Maryland;  removed  to  Georgia;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from  1823  to  1827.  Died  in 
Upson  County  in  1844. 

Carey,  Jeremiah  E.;  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Rhode  Island,  April  30,  1803;  commenced  active  lii'e 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  by  working  on  a  farm  and 
in  the  tannery  of  an  uncle ;  received  a  good  common 
school  education,  which  he  paid  for  by  his  own 
exertions  as  a  teacher;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1829;  was  elected  to  Congress  from 
Cherry  Valley  County,  in  1842;  after  the  expiration 
of  his  term  as  a  Representative,  removed  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  held  many  important  local  offices  con 
nected  with  the  cause  of  education. 

Carey,  John;  was  born  in  Monongahela  County, 
Virginia,  April  5,  1792;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  the  Northwest  Territory  in  1798;  from  that  period 
until  1812,  labored  with  his  father  in  the  tanning 
ausiness;  in  1814,  assisted  in  building  the  first  stone 
louse  in  Columbus ;  devoted  himself  to  the  various  em 
ployments  of  carpentering,  milling  in  its  various 
tranches,  and  farming;  in  1825,  was  elected  an  As 
sociate  Judge,  which  office  he  held  for  seven  years; 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1828,  1836, 
and  1843;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
he  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

Carey,  Joseph  M.;  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Delaware,  January  19,  1845;  his  early  education  was 
cquired  in  the  common  schools;  then  attended  Fort 
idward  Collegiate  Institute,  and  Union  College,  New 
York;  studied  law  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
ind  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  the  same  year 
graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University 
f  Pennsylvania;  settled  in  Wyoming  Territory  in 
he  business  of  stock-raising;  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Territory  of  Wyoming  in 
869;  resigned  in  1871,  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
Lssociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wyoming, 
vhich  office  he  held  until  1876;  was  a  member  of  the 
Jnited  States  Centennial  Commission  from  1872  to 
876;  was  Mayor  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  from  1881 
o  1885;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Wyorn- 

g  Territory  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Carleton,  Ezra  C.;  was  born  at  St.  Clair,  Michi- 
au,  September  6,  1838;  received  a  good  common 
chool  education;  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business 
t  Port  Huron,  Michigan,  in  1862,  and  pursued  it 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


83 


with  success;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Michigan,  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Carlile,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Winchester,  Fred 
erick  County,  Virginia,  December  16,  1817;  was  edu 
cated  by  his  mother  until  fourteen  years  of  age;  then 
went  into  a  country  store  as  salesman  and  clerk ;  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  commenced  business  for  him 
self;  at  the  same  time  read  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1840,  and  settled  in  Beverly,  Randolph  Coun 
ty,  in  1842,  to  practice;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1847,  and  served  until  1851;  in  1850  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Vir 
ginia;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Virginia,  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was 
soon  afterwards  transferred  to  the  Senate,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Public  Lands  and  Territories;  his 
term  expired  in  1865. 

Carlisle,  John'Grifnn  ;  was  born  in  Campbell 
(now  Kenton)  County,  Kentucky,  Septembers,  1835; 
received  a  common  school  education;  taught  school 
for  a  time;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858  and  commenced  practice;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  from  1859  to  1861; 
was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1866,  and  re-elected  in 
1869;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  of  1868:  resigned  his  seat  in  the  State 
Senate  in  1871,  upon  his  election  to  the  office  of 
Lieutenant-Governor,  in  which  position  he  served 
four  years;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Ken 
tucky,  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  in  December,  1883, 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House ;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress  and  re-elected  Speaker. 

Carlton,  Peter;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1807  to  1809. 

Carnaack,  Samuel  W.;  was  born  in  Davidson 
County,  Tennessee,  January  9,  1802;  studied  law; 
settled  at  Fayetteville  in  1824;  in  1838  went  to  Flor 
ida  for  his  health  and  settled  there;  in  1842  was  ap 
pointed  a  Territorial  Judge;  in  1846  Judge  of  the 
Southern  Judicial  District  of  the  State,  which  office 
he  declined.  Died  December  18,  1849. 

Carmichael,  T  ?hard  B.;  was  a  native  of 
Maryland;  graduate,!  at  Princeton  College  in  1828; 
studied  law;  was  a  Representative  from  Maryland 
in  the  Twenty-third  Congress;  was  President  of  the 
Courts  of  Queen  Anne  County,  Maryland,  in  1861. 

Carmichael,  William;  was  a  native  of  Mary 
land;  in  1776  aided  Mr.  Deane,  the  American  Minis 
ter  at  Paris,  in  his  correspondence;  went  to  Berlin  to 
communicate  to  the  King  of  Prussia  intelligence  con 
cerning  American  commerce,  and  assisted  the  Ameri 
can  Commissioners  in  Paris;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1780 ;  was  Secre 
tary  of  Legation  during  Mr.  Jay's  mission  to  Spain; 
remained  as  Charge  <V Affaires  after  Mr.  Jay  left  in 
1782;  receiving  a  commission  in  1790,  retained  the 
office  for  about  fifteen  years;  in  1792  was  authorized, 
jointly  with  William  Short,  to  negotiate  with  Spain 
concerning  the  navigation  o"  the  Mississippi  River. 
Died  in  1795. 

Carnes,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  and  educated  in 
Maryland;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Georgia;  was 
there  successively  Solicitor-General,  Attorney-Gen 
eral,  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1793  to  1795. 
Died  at  Milledgeville,  May  8,  1822. 

Carney,  Thomas;  was  a  Governor  of  Kansas 
"from  1861  to  1864. 


Carpenter,  Cyrus  Clay ;  was  born  in  Harford, 
Susquehanna  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  24, 
1829;  received  an  English  education;  in  his  eigh 
teenth  year  began  to  teach  school ;  removing  to  Ohio, 
folio  we  1  the  same  occupation  there;  in  1854  emigrated 
to  Iowa,  traveling  the  entire  distance  on  foot;  at  Fort 
Dodge  found  employment  As  an  assistant  surveyor; 
in  1857  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1861 
entered  the  army,  and  as  Brevet-Colonel  rendered 
important  service  during  the  war;  in  1866  was  elected 
Register  of  the  State  Land  Office  at  Des  Moines,  and 
was  re-elected;  in  1871  was  elected  Governor  of  Iowa; 
in  January,  1876,  was  appointed  Second  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington;  resigned 
in  1877;  was  a  State  Commissioner  of  Railroads  in 
1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Carpenter,  Davis  ;  was  born  in  Walpole,  Chesh 
ire  County,  New  Hampshire,  December  25,  1799;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education ;  studied  medicine, 
and  took  the  decree  of  M.D.  at  Middlebury  College, 
Vermont,  in  1824;  removed  to  the  State  of  New  York 
in  1825,  and  there  attained  the  position  of  Colonel  of 
a  rifle  corps;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1853  to  1855,  in  place  of  A.  Boody, 
resigned ;  was  subsequently  devoted  to  his  profession 
and  to  surveying. 

Carpenter,  George  Moulton ;  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  Rhode  Island,  April  22,  1844;  studied 
in  the  public  schools  in  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts, 
and  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  and  was  graduated 
from.  Brown  University,  at  Providence,  September  7, 
1864;  was,  for  a  time,  employed  as  a  reporter  for  the 
Providence  Evening  Press,  the  Providence  Daily  Journal, 
and  in  the  courts;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1867,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island;  on  July  1,  1880,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  Governor,  one  of  a  Board  of  Commis 
sioners  to  revise  the  laws  of  Rhode  Island;  in  April, 
1882,  was  elected,  by  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode 
Island,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State; 
in  January,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
United  States  District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  resigned  his  position  on  the  State  Supreme 
Bench. 

Carpenter,  Levi  D.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1843  to  1845,  in  the 
place  of  Samuel  Beardsley,  resigned. 

Carpenter,  Lewis  Cass ;  was  born  in  Putnam, 
Connecticut,  February  20,  1836;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  New  Jersey,  where  he 
taught  school  for  several  years;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  but  never  practiced;  was  for 
several  years  connected  with  New  York  papers;  re 
moved  to  Washington  in  1864,  and  was  appointed  to 
a  position  in  the  Treasury  Department;  was  corres 
pondent  for  several  newspapers;  assisted  in  estab 
lishing  the  first  daily  paper  in  South  Carolina,  The 
Charlestown  Republican,  in  1868,  and  removed  therein 
1870  to  become  one  of  its  editors;  established  The 
Daily  Union  in  1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Robert  B. 
Elliott,  resigned. 

Carpenter,  Matthew  H.;  was  born  in  More- 
town,  Vermont,  in  1824;  became  the  adopted  son  of 
Paul  Dillingham  in  his  twelfth  year;  spent  two  years, 
1853  and  1854,  at  the  West  Point  Academy;  studied 
law,  and  on  adopting  the  profession,  removed  to  Wis 
consin;  was,  for  several  years,  a  District  Attorney  for 
the  State,  and  practiced  his  profession  before  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Wisconsin,  for  the  term. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


commencing  ill  18,>9  and  ending  in  1875,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  Patents,  and  Re 
vision  of  Laws ;  also  served  as  President  pro  tan  of 
the  Senate;  was  again  elected  United  States  Senator 
in  1878  for  the  term  ending  in  1885.  Died  at  Wash 
ington  City,  February  24,  1881. 

Carr,  Dabney  S.;  was  a  native  of  Baltimore; 
was  several  years  Naval  Officer  of  that  port;  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Turkey  from  1843  to  1849. 
Died  <at  Charlottsville,  Virginia,  March  24,  1854,  aged 
fifty-one  years. 

Carr,  Francis ;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  from  1806  to  1811;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  from  1811 
to  1813.  Died  in  October,  1821,  aged  sixty-nine 
years. 

Carr,  James  ;  served  three  years  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  from  Bangor;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congiess  from  Massachusetts,  from  1815  to 
1817. 

Carr,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Indiana,  from  1831  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839 
to  1841.  Died  in  Clark  county,  Indiana,  January 
20,  1845. 

Carr,  Nathan  T.;  was  born  in  Steuben  county, 
New  York,  December  25,  1833;  studied  law,  and 
commenced  practice  in  1858;  removed  to  Michigan 
in  1854;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1858;  in  1800  was  elected  Recorder  of 
Midland  County;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861, 
as  First  Lieutenant;  resigned  in  1862;  removed  to 
Indiana  in  1863;  in  1862  was  elected  Circuit  Prose 
cutor;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  to  till  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  M.  C.  Kerr. 

Carring'ton,  Edward ;  was  born  in  Virginia, 
February  11,  1749;  was  an  efficient  officer  during  the 
Revolution:  was  for  some  time  Quartermaster-Gen 
eral  of  the  Army  under  General  Greene,  in  the  South, 
and  greatly  contributed  to  the  advantage  gained  over 
the  enemy;  was  afterwards  attached  to  the  Army  of 
the  North,  but  previously  to  the  evacuation  of  Charles 
ton  resumed  his  former  station;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1785  to  1786; 
was  foreman  of  the  jury  which  tried  Aaron  Burr  for 
treason.  Died  October  28,  1810. 

Carroll,  Charles,  of  Carrollton ;  was  born  in 
Annapolis,  Maryland,  on  the  20th  of  September,  1737; 
was  descended  from  a  respectable  Irish  family ;  was 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  inherited  a  very 
large  estate ;  at  an  early  age  was  sent  to  St.  Oiaer  to 
be  educated;  afterwards  removed  to  Rheims;  after 
having  studied  civil  law  in  France  he  went  to  Lon 
don  and  pursued  the  study  of  common  law  at  the 
Temple;  returned  to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
seven  ;  soon  became  known  as  an  advocate  for  liberty, 
and  was  one  of  the  ablest  political  writers  of  Mary 
land  ;  in  1776  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  old  Con 
gress,  and  subscribed  his  name  to  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  last 
surviving  signer  of  that  document;  in  1778  left  Con 
gress,  nnd  devoted  himself  to  the  councils  of  his  native 
State;  in  1789  was  elected  a  Senator  to  the  new  Con 
gress;  in  1810  quitted  public  life,  and  passed  the  re 
mainder  of  his  days  in  tranquility,  beloved  and  re 
vered  by  his  friends  and  neighbors  and  honored  by  his 
country ;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac;  was  ever  con 
sidered  a  model  of  regularity  in  conduct  and  sedate- 
ness  in  judgment.  Died  in  Baltimore,  November  14, 
1832. 


Carroll,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Maryland 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  the  State  in  1836; 
a  State  Senator  in  1837;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1843  to  1847;  was  a  law 
yer  by  education,  but,  instead  of  practicing,  devoted 
his  whole  time  to  managing  a  large  estate  in  the  Gen- 
essee  country.  Died  in  Groveland,  Livingston  County, 
New  York,  in  1865,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Carroll,  Daniel ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1784;  signed 
the  Articles  of  Confederation  and  also  the  Constitution; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from 
1789  to  1791;  was  in  that  year  appointed  Commis 
sioner  for  Surveying  the  District  of  Columbia;  was 
one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Gov 
ernment  on  the  Potomac. 

Carroll,  James ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Carroll,  John  Lee;  was  bom  at  Homewood, 
near  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1830;  was  a  grandson 
of  Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton;  was  educated  at  the 
Roman  Catholic  Colleges,  of  Georgetown,  District  of 
Columbia,  Emmettsburg,  Maryland,  and  at  the  law 
school  of  Harvard  University;  came  to  the  bar  in 
1851;  went  to  New  York  in  1859,  and  was  for  a  time 
United  States  Commissioner  in  that  city;  returned  to 
Baltimore  in  1862;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
1867,  and  again  in  1871 ;  in  1875  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Maryland;  the  year  that  he  entered  upon  his 
duties  as  such  was  the  one  hundredth  after  the  date 
that  his  grandfather  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence. 

Carroll,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Springfield,  New 
York,  April  27,  1825;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  graduated  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  in 
1846;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1848;  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  Fulton  County  in  1859, 
and  held  that  office  three  years;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress. 

Carroll,  T.  K.;  was  elected  Governor  of  Maryland 
in  1830  and  1831. 

Carroll,  William ;  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Penn 
sylvania  in  1788 ;  was  engaged  in  the  hardware  business 
in  that  town,  whence  he  emigrated  to  Nashville  Ten 
nessee  ;  his  fitness  for  military  service  attracted  the  at 
tention  of  General  Jackson,  and  he  made  him  Captain 
and  Brigadier-Inspector  in  his  Division  of  the  army, 
February  20,  1813;  was  Colonel  and  Inspector-Gen 
eral  from  September,  1813,  to  May,  1814;  in  1813 
fought  a  duel  with  Jesse  Benton,  a  brother  of  Colonel 
Thomas  H.  Benton;  distinguished  himself  at  Euoto- 
chopco;  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  the  Horse-Shoe 
Bend  of  Tallapoosa  River,  March  27,  1813;  was  Ma- 
jor-General  of  Tennessee  Militia,  November  13,  1814, 
to  May  13,  1815;  distinguished  in  the  defense  of  New 
Orleans,  and  especially  in  the  battle  of  January  8, 
1815;  was  governor  of  Tennessee  from  1821  to  1827, 
and  from  1829  to  1835.  Died  in  Nashville,  March  22, 
1844. 

Carson,  Samuel  P.;  was  born  at  Pleasant  Gar 
den,  Burke  County,  North  Carolina;  was,  for  several 
years,  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1825  to  1833;  he  killed  Doctor  Robert  B.  Vance 
in  a  duel  in  1827;  at  the  close  of  his  services  in  Con 
gress  removed  to  Arkansas,  where  he  died  in  Novem 
ber,  1840. 

Carter,  Harley  H.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Michigan,  from  which  State  he  was  ap- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


85 


pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the   United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Carter,  John  ;  was  born  on  Black  Eiver,  Sumter 
District,  South  Carolina,  September  10,  1792;  gradu 
ated  at  South  Carolina  College,  Columbia;  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1822  to  1829,  when  he 
declined  a  re-election;  his  residence  was  in  Camden, 
but  he  removed  to  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia, 
in  1836,  where  he  remained  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  June  20,  1850. 

Carter,  Luther  C.;  was  born  in  Bethel,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  February  25,  1805;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  settled  in  New  York  City,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits  with  success; 
was,  for  some  years,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu 
cation  in  that  city;  retired  from  business  and  settled 
on  a  farm  on  Long  Island ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

Carter,  Timothy  J.;  was  educated  for  the  legal 
profession;  was  Secretary  of  the  Maine  Senate  in 
1833;  County  Attorney  from  1833  to  1837;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1837 
to  the  date  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Wash 
ington,  March  14,  1838. 

Carter,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1812;  was  a  member  of  the  House  and  Senate  in  the 
State  Legislature;  President  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention;  from  1835  to  1841  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  his  native  State.  Died  in  Carter 
County,  Tennessee,  April  17,  1848. 

Cartter,  David  K.;  was  born  in  New.  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio|  from  1849 
to  1853;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  Minister  to  Bolivia;  was  subsequently  appoint 
ed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Caruthers,  Robert  L.;  was  born  in  Smith 
County,  Tennessee,  July  31,  1800;  obtained  the  rudi 
ments  of  an  English  education  by  his  own  unaided 
exertions;  from  1816  to  1818  was  clerk  in  a  store; 
subsequently  improved  his  education  at  Woodward 
Academy  and  Greenville  College;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1823;  served  one  year  as  Clerk  in 
the  Legislature  of  Tennessee;  returning  to  his  native 
county,  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Chancery  Court 
there;  edited  a  paper  for  one  year;  settled  in  Wilson 
County  in  1826,  and  was  soon  afterwards  elected 
State  Attorney,  holding  the  office  five  years;  in  1834 
was  elected  a  Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  was  a 
member  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  in  1835;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1845,  declining  to  run  for 
Governor;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1841  to  1843,  declining  a  re-election; 
in  1852  was  called  to  a  seat  on  the  Supreme  Bench  of 
Tennessee,  holding  the  position  many  years;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Convention  of  1861.  Died 
October  4,  1882. 

Caruthers,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Madison 
County,  Missouri,  October  13,  1820;  was  educated  at 
Clinton  College,  Tennessee;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1853  to 
1859.  Died  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Missouri,  July  20, 
1860. 

Gary,  George  B.;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  the  Petersburg  District,  Virginia,  in  1842  and 
1843.  Died  in  Southampton  County,  Virginia, 
March  5,  1850. 


Cary,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
February  18,  1814;  passed  his  early  Hie  on  a  farm; 
graduated  at  the  Miami  University  in  1835,  and  at 
the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1837;  practiced  law 
until  1845,  when  he  retired  to  a  farm;  was  for  many 
years  a  warm  advocate  of  the  cause  of  Temperance; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Education 
and  Labor,  and  Weights  and  Measures;  was  the  only 
member  of  his  party  who  voted  against  the  Impeach 
ment  of  President  Andrew  Johnson. 

Gary,  Shepard. ;  was  a  merchant  and  farmer; 
was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1832, 
1833,  from  1839  to  1842,  in  1843,  and  from  1848  to 
1854;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1844  to  1845,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims;  in  1836  was  a  Presidential 
Elector.  Died  in  Maine,  in  August,  1866. 

Case,  Charles  ;  was  born  at  Austinburg,  Ashta- 
bula  County,  Ohio,  December  21,  1817;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession;  was  a  Representative,  from  Indiana, 
in  the  Thirty -fifth  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Territories. 

Case,  "Walter;  was  born  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  18:21. 

Casey,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1849  to  1851;  in  18i>3  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Claims. 

Casey,  Levi ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1803  to  1807.  Died  Feb 
ruary  1,  1807. 


Casey,  Samuel  L.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  was 
subsequently  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a 
Commissioner  to  look  after  certain  national  interests 
in  the  South-western  States. 

Casey,  Zadoc  ;  was  born  in  Georgia;  on  remov 
ing  to  Illinois,  was  a  Representative  in  Congi  ess  from 
that  State  from  1833  to  1843;  also  held  the  office  of 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  and  was  a  member 
of  one  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conventions.  Died 
at  Caseyville,  Illinois,  in  1862,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

Caskie,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his  native 
State  from  1851  to  1855,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary.  Died  in  Richmond, 
Virginia,  December  15,  1869. 

Cason,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Union  County, 
Indiana,  September  13,  1828;  was  educated  at  com 
mon  schools;  worked  on  a  farm;  when  seventeen  years 
of  age  commenced  teaching  school  and  reading  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  M  ay, 
1852,  and  continued  to  practice  at  Lebanon,  except 
when  on  the  Bench;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
in  1861,  1862,  1863,  and  1864;  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1864,  1865,  1866,  and  1867;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
Common  Pleas  in  1867,  and-  re-elected  to  the  same 
office  for  a  term  of  four  years;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Revision  of  Laws. 


86 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Cass,  Lewis ;  was  born  in  Exeter,  New  Hamp 
shire,   October   9,   1782;   having  received  a  limited 
education  at  his  native  place,  at  the  early  age  of  sev 
enteen  he  crossed  the  Allegheny  Mountains  on  foot, 
to  seek  a  home  in  the  "Great  West,"  then  an  almost 
unexplored  wilderness:    settled  at  Marietta,   Ohio; 
studied  law,  and  was  successful;  elected  at  twenty- 
five  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  he  originated  the  bill 
which  arrested  the  proceedings  of  Aaron  Burr,  and, 
as  stated  by  Mr.   Jefferson,  was  the  first  blow  given 
to  what  is  known  as  Burr's  Conspiracy;  in  1807  was 
appointed,   by  President  Jefferson,  Marshal   of  the 
State,  and  held  the  office  until  the  latter  part  of  1811, 
when  he  volunteered  to  repel  Indian  aggressions  on 
the  frontier;  was  elected  Colonel  of  the  Third  Regi 
ment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  entered  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States  at  the  commencement  of 
the   War  of   1812 ;    having,   by   a  difficult  march, 
reached  Detroit,  he  urged  the  immediate  invasion  of 
Canada,  and  was  the  author  of  the  proclamation  of 
that  event;  was  the  first  to  land  in  arms  on  the  ene 
my's  shore,  and,  with  a  small  detachment  of  troops, 
fought  and  won  the  first  battle,  that  of  the  Tarontoe ; 
at  the  subsequent  capitulation  of  Detroit  he  was  ab 
sent  on   important  service,   and   regretted   that  his 
command  and  himself  had  been  included  in  that  ca 
pitulation;    liberated  on   parole,  he  repaired  to  the 
seat  of  Government  to  report  the  causes  of  the  dis 
aster  and  the  failure  of  the  campaign;  was  imme 
diately  appointed  a  Colonel  in  the  Regular  Army1, 
and  soon  after  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General,  having  in  the  meantime  been  elected  Major- 
General  of  the  Ohio  Volunteers;  on  being  exchanged 
and  released  from  parole,  he  again  repaired  to  the 
frontier,   and  joined  the  army   for  the  recovery  of 
Michigan;   being  at  that  time  without  a  command, 
he  served  and  distinguished  himself,  as  a  volunteer 
Aid-de-Camp  to  General  Harrison,  at  the  battle  of 
the  Thames;  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison, 
in  October,  1813,  Governor  of  Michigan:  his  position 
combined,  with  the  ordinary  duties  of  chief  magis 
trate  of  a  civilized  community,  the  immediate  man 
agement  and  control,  as  Superintendent,  of  the  rela 
tions  with  the  numerous  and  powerful  Indian  tribes 
in  that  region  of  country ;  conducted  with  success  the 
affairs  of  the  Territory,  under  embarrassing  circum 
stances  ;   under  his  sway  peace   was  preserved  be 
tween  the  whites  and  the  treacherous  and  disaffected 
Indians,  law  and  order  established,  and  the  Territory 
rapidly  advanced  in  population,  resources,  and  pros 
perity;  held  this  position  until  July,  1831,  when  he 
was,  by  President  Jackson,  made  Secretary  of  War; 
in  the  latter  part  of  1836   President  Jackson   ap 
pointed  him  Minister  to  France,  where  he  remained 
until  1842,  when  he  asked  to   be  recalled,  and  re 
turned  to  this  country;  in  January,  1845,  was  elected, 
by  the  Legislature  of  Michigan,  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  which  position  he  resigned  on  his  nom 
ination,  in  May,  1848,  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presi 
dency  by  the  political  party  to  which  he  belonged; 
after    the  election  of  his  opponent  (General  Taylor) 
to  that  office,  the  Legislature  of  his  State,  in  1849, 
re-elected  him  to  the  Senate,  for  the  unexpired  por 
tion  of  his  original   term  of  six  years;    when  Mr. 
Buchanan  became  President,  he  invited  General  Cass 
to  the  head  of  the  Department  of  State,  which  posi 
tion   he  resigned  in    December,    1860 ;    he  devoted 
some  attention  to  literary  pursuits,  and  his  writings, 
speeches  and  State  papers  would  make  several  vol 
umes,   among   which    is   one   entitled    "France,  its 
King,  Court,  and  Government,"  published  in  1840. 
Died  in  Detroit,  June  17,  1866. 

Cass,  Lewis,  Jr.;  w.?s  born  in  Detroit,  Michi 
gan  ;  the  noted  Governor  and  Cabinet  Minister  bear 
ing  the  same  name  was  his  father;  was  liberally  edu 


cated;  in  1849  was  appointed  Charge  d"1  Affaires  to  the 
Papal  States,  and  in  1854  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Minister  Resident;  remained  in  Italy  until  1858. 

Cassedy,  George  ;  was  born  in  Bergen  County, 
New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1821  to  1827.  Died  in  Hackensack, 
New  Jersey,  December  31,  1842,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

Casserly,  Eugene ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  in 
1822;  came  to  this  country  with  his  parents  in  1824; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  New  York  City; 
relinquished  his  profession,  and  engaged  in  journal 
istic  labors;  removed  to  California  in  1850,  and  iden 
tified  himself  with  the  press  of  San  Francisco;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  California,  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1869  and  ending  in  1875,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Printing,  Public  Lands, 
and  Foreign  Relations;  resigned  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term.  Died  June  14,  1883. 

Cassidy,  George  Williams ;  was  born  in 
Bourbon  County,  Kentucky,  April  25,  1836;  received 
a  common  school  education;  became  a  journalist; 
settled  in  Nevada;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1872  to 
1880;  President  of  the  Senate  during  the  session  of 
1879;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Nevada  to 
the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Caswell,  L.  B.;  was  born  in  Swanton,  Vermont, 
November  27,  1827;  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1837:  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1852;  in  1855  and  1856  was  District  At 
torney;  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Convention  of 
1868;  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1863,  1872, 
and  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh 
Congresses;  was  again  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Caswell,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Maryland, 
August  3,  1729;  emigrated  to  North  Carolina  in 
1746,  Avhere,  for  some  years,  he  was  employed  in  the 
public  offices;  afterwards  studied  law,  and  practiced 
with  success:  from  1754  to  1771  was  a  member  of  the 
Colonial  Assembly,  and  for  the  last  two  years  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates;  commanded  the 
right  wing  of  Tryon's  forces  at  the  battle  of  Alla- 
niance,  in  1771;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1776;  in  1775  was  President  of 
the  Provincial  Congress  which  framed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  State,  and  was  elected  first  Governor 
of  North  Carolina  under  it,  holding  that  office  until 
1779;  in  1780  led  the  North  Carolina  troops  in  the 
battle  of  Camden;  in  1782  was  Speaker  of  the  Sen 
ate,  and  Comptroller-General,  performing  the  duties 
of  both  offices  until  1784,  when  he  was  again  elected 
Governor,  and  held  that  position  until  he  became  in 
eligible  by  the  laws  of  the  State;  in  1787  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Convention  for  framing  the  Federal  Con 
stitution;  in  1789  was  elected  State  Senator,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the  Con 
stitution;  was  also  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  and, 
whilst  presiding  over  that  body,  November  5,  1789, 
was  stricken  with  paralysis,  which  proved  fatal  in 
ten  days. 

Catchings,  Thomas  Clendenin ;  was  born  in 
Hinds  County,  Mississippi,  January  11,  1847;  en 
tered  the  University  of  Mississippi  in  1839;  left 
during  the  Sophomore  year,  and,  in  the  spring  of 
1861,  entered  the  junior  class  at  Oakland  College, 
Mississippi;  very  soon  thereafter  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War; 
after  its  close  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


87 


in  1866,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Vicks- 
burg,  Mississippi;  in  1875  was  elected  State  Sen 
ator  for  a  term  of  four  years;  resigned  in  1877,  and 
was  elected  Attorney-General  of  Mississippi  for  four 
years;  in  1881  was  re-nominated  by  acclamation,  and 
was  re-elected;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  and  in 
November,  1885,  resigned  the  Attorney-Generalship 
'to  assume  his  Congressional  duties. 

Gate,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Montpelier,  Ver 
mont,  in  September,  1824;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  settled  in  Portage  County,  Wisconsin;  was  Dis 
trict-Attorney;  a  member  of  the  Legislature  for  two 
terms;  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  Seventh 
Judicial  Circuit  in  1854;  was  re-elected  three  terms, 
holding  the  position  twenty-one  years;  in  1874  re 
signed,  and  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Cathcart,  Charles  "W.;  was  born  in  the  Island 
of  Maderia  in  1809;  went  to  sea  in  early  life;  studied 
mechanics;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1831;  was,  for 
several  years,  a  United  States  Surveyor;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1845;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Indiana  from  1845  to  1849;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1852  to  1853,  by  appointment. 

Catlin,  George  S.;  was  born  in  Harwington, 
Litchh'eld  County,  Connecticut,  in  1809;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  was  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  State  Attorney, 
and  Judge  of  the  Windham  County  Court.  Died  in 
December,  1851. 

Cato,  Sterling1  G-.;  was  born  in  Georgia  and 
removed  to  Alabama,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  as  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Kansas. 

Catron,  John ;  was  born  in  Wythe  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1778;  received  a  common  school  education; 
removed  to  Tennessee  in  1812;  served  witli  General 
Jackson  in  the  New  Orleans  campaign ;  studied  law ; 
soon  after  coming  to  the  bar  was  appointed  Attorney 
for  the  State;  in  1818  settled  in  Nashville,  and  ob 
tained  a  high  reputation  as  a  chancery  lawyer;  in 
1824  was  ap  >ointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  tne  State;  in  1837  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States,  which  position  he  held  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Nashville,  May  30,  1865. 

Cattell,  Alexander  G.;  was  born  in  Salem,  New 
Jersey,  February  12,  1816;  was  educated  at  the  vil 
lage  school;  spent  a  part  of  his  youth  as  a  clerk  in 
his  lather's  store;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  from  1842  to  1844  was  Clerk  of  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in  1846  set 
tled  in  Philadelphia  as  a  merchant;  became  a  director 
in  the  Mechanics'  Bank;  was  elected  to  the  city 
Councils  from  1850  to  1854;  in  1855  returned  to  New 
Jersey,  but  continued  his  business  in  Philadelphia; 
was  one  of  the  early  Presidents  of  the  Corn  Exchange 
Association  of  that  city;  in  1858  organized  the  Corn 
Exchange  Bank,  and  was  President  of  the  same;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey,  for  the  term  ending  1871,  in  the  place  of  J. 
P.  Stockton,  unseated  by  the  Senate,  serving  on  the 
Committees"  on  Finance,  Agriculture,  and  Public 
Lands;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866. 


Gaulfield,  Bernard  G.;  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  October  15,  1828;  graduated  at  Georgetown 
College,  District  of  Columbia,  in  1848,  and  in  the 
law  department  of  Pennsylvania  University  in  1850; 
was  at  once  admitted  to  the  bar;  removed  to  Chicago 
in  1853,  where  he  engaged  in  the.  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  never  sought  or  held  any  public  oflice  until 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois;  in  December,  1874,  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  J.  B.  Rice,  deceased;  in  December,  1875, 
was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Department  of  Justice. 

Causey,  P.  F.;  was  born  in  1801;  was  a  mer 
chant  by  occupation ;  was  elected  Governor  of  Dela 
ware  in  1854,  and  remained  in  office  four  years. 
Died  in  Milford,  Delaware,  February  17,  1871. 

Causin,  John  M.  S.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  served  several  terms  in 
the  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1843  to  1845;  in  1849  was 
a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  at  Cairo,  Illinois,  Jan 
uary  30,  1861.  . 

Cavanaugh,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Spring 
field,  Massachusetts,  July  4,  1823;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education ;  wrote  for  a  newspaper;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  removed  to  Minnesota  in 
1854;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  re 
moved  to  Colorado  in  1861,  and  was  a  member  of  its 
Constitutional  Convention;  removed  to  Montana  in 
1866,  and  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress. 

Cessna,  John ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Pennsylvania;  graduated  at  Marshall  College  in  1842; 
was  a  tutor  in  that  institution  for  a  short  time,  after 
which  he  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  in 
1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  on 
being  re-elected,  was  made  Speaker;  in  1861  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  again  made 
Speaker;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Cincinnati  Conven 
tion  of  1856;  also  to  the  Charleston  and  Baltimore 
Conventions  of  1860;  in  1865,  was  chosen  Chairman 
of  the  Republican  State  Convention;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first 
and  Forty -third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Elections,  and  the  War  Department;  in  1875,  was 
appointed  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  but  declined. 

Chace,  Jonathan ;  was  born  at  Fall  River,  Mas 
sachusetts,  September  22,  1829;  received  an  academic 
education;  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Rhode  Island  in 
1876  and  1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty -eighth 
Congresses;  in  January,  1885,  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  for  the  unexpired  term  of  H.  B.  An 
thony,  deceased,  ending  March  3,  1889. 

Chadwick,  Stephen  P.;  was  born  at  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut,  December  25,  1828;  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  by  private  tuition;  learned 
the  art  of  printing;  studied  law  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  removed 
to  Oregon  in  1851 ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  at  different  periods  was  a 
Probate  and  Co unty  Judge;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1864  and  1868,  and  was  the  messenger  to  carry 
the  electoral  vote  to  Washington  in  the  latter  year; 
was  Secretary  of  State  from  1870  to  1878,  two  terms; 
became  Governor  in  1877,  by  the  election  of  Governor 
Grover  a  United  States  Senator,  serving  until  1878; 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Salem, 
Oregon. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Chaffee,  Calvin  C.;  was  born  in  Saratoga,  New 
York,  August  28,  1811;  early  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  medicine;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College, 
Vermont;  become  a  citizen  of  Massachusetts;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions;  in  1859  was  appointed  Librarian  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  which  office  he  held  until  1861, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  compiler  of  this 
volume. 

Chaffee ,  Jerome  B. ;  was  born  in  Niagara  County, 
New  York,  April  17,  1825;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  became  largely  engaged  in  mining  operations; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Colorado  in  1861, 
1862,  and  1863,  and  served  as  Speaker  of  the  House; 
was  elected  by  the  State  Legislature  of  the  proposed 
State  of  Colorado,  in  1865,  a  United  States  Senator; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  two  succeeding 
Congresses  as  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Colorado, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories;  on  the  ad 
mission  of  Colorado  as  a  State,  in  1876,  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  from  that  State  for  the  short 
term,  ending  in  1879.  Died  at  Salem  Centre,  West- 
chester  County,  New  York,  March  9,  1886. 

Chalmers,  James  Ronald ;  was  born  in  Hali 
fax  County,  Virginia,  January  11,  1831;  removed  to 
Mississippi  in  1839 ;  graduated  at  South  Carolina  Col 
lege  in  1851;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1853;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in  1858; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Secession  Convention  of 
1861;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861,  as  Cap 
tain,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1876  and  1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Mississippi  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses;  received  the  certificate  of  election  to  the 
Forty -seventh  Congress,  but  his  seat  was  successfully 
contested  by  John  R.  Lynch;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Chalmers,  Joseph  W.;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1845  to  1847. 

Chamberlain,  D.  H.;  was  born  in  West  Brook- 
field,  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  June  23, 1835; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1862,  and  at  Harvard 
Law  School  in  1863;  served  in  the  Fifth  Massachu 
setts  Cavalry  from  1863  to  1865;  settled  in  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  in  1866;  was  elected  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State  in  1868;  in  1874  was  elected 
Governor  of  South  Carolina. 

Chamberlain,  Ebenezer  M.;  was  born  in  Maine; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Chamberlain,  Jacob  P.;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts  ;  was  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

Chamberlain,  John  C.;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1793;  practiced  law  at  Alstead,  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  at  Utica,  New 
York,  December  8,  1834,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Chamberlain,  "William ;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1801 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Vermont  from  1803  to  1805,  and  again  from  1809 
to  1811;  was  a  State  Councilor  from  1796  to  1803; 
served  five  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  Lieu 
tenant-Governor  of  Vermont  from  1813  to  1815;  was 
Chief  Justice  of  a  State  Court  from  1801  to  1803,  and 
in  1814. 


Chamberlin,  Joshua  Lawrence;  was  born 
in  Bangor,  Maine,  September  8,  1828;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1852,  and  Bangor"  Theological 
Seminary  in  1855;  in  his  boyhood  went  to  a  military 
academy  at  Ellsworth;  was  Professor  of  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  from  1855  to  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  the  Twentieth  Maine  Infantry,  and 
Colonel  in  1863;  Brigadier-General  in  1864  for  gal 
lantry  at  Petersburg,  where  he  was  severely  wounded ; 
was  Brevet  Major-General,  and  again  wounded  at 
Quaker  Road,  in  1865;  commanded  the  First  Division, 
Fifth  Corps,  and  led  the  advance  which  ended  in  Lee's 
surrender  in  1865;  his  command  received  the  formal 
surrender  of  the  arms  and  colors  of  Lee's  army;  was 
engaged  in  twenty-four  pitched  battles,  and  was  six 
times  wounded ;  resumed  his  professorship  of  Modern 
Languages  in  1865,  and  in  1871  was  elected  President 
of  Bowdoin  College;  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  Pennsylvania  College  in  1866,  and  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  in  1868;  was  Governor  of  Maine  from  1866  to 
1870. 

Chambers,  David ;  was  born  in  Allentown, 
Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1780;  was 
educated  by  his  father,  who  was  a  school  teacher ;  in 
1794  was  employed  as  a  confidential  express  to  carry 
dispatches  from  General  Henry  Lee  to  President 
Washington  during  the  Whisky  Insurrection;  in  1796 
was  placed  in  the  office  of  the  Aurora  newspaper  to 
learn  the  printer's  trade;  after  spending  the  sixteen 
subsequent  years  on  a  farm  in  Virginia,  removed  to 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  where  he  conducted  a  newspaper, 
and  was  elected  State  Printer;  when  the  seat  of  gov 
ernment  was  removed  to  Columbus,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Senate;  during  the  years  1812  and 
1813  was  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Cass;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1821  to  1823; 
subsequently  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  of  Ohio;  was  Speaker  in  1844;  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1851; 
was  also  elected  Mayor  of  Zanesville,  Recorder,  and 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Died  at  Zaiies- 
ville,  Ohio,  August  8,  1864. 

Chambers,  Ezekiel  F.;  was  born  in  Kent 
County,  Maryland,  February  28,  1788;  graduated  at 
Washington  College  when  seventeen  years  of  age; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1808; 
performed  some  military  service  in  1812,  and  subse 
quently  attained  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  in 
1822  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  against  his  will; 
took  an  active  part,  in  1825,  in  arranging  a  system 
of  legislation  for  the  recovery  of  slaves;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1826  to  1834, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  in  1834  was  appointed  Chief 
Judge  of  the  Second  Judicial  District,  and  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  which  offices  he  held  until 
1851,  when  the  judiciary  became  elective;  having 
been,  in  1850,  an  active  member  of  the  Convention 
which  changed  the  State  Constitution;  was  offered, 
in  1852,  by  President  Fillniore,  the  post  of  Secretary 
of  the  Navy  in  the  place  of  Secretary  Graham,  who 
resigned,  but  his  health  compelled  him  to  decline  the 
honor;  in  1864  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
Governor  of  Maryland,  and  was,  for  many  years,  a 
Delegate  to  the  Conventions  of  the  Episcopal  Church; 
in  1833  Yale  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  in  1852  received  the  same 
honor  from  the  Delaware  College.  Died  in  Chester- 
town,  Maryland,  January  30,  1867. 

Chambers,  George  ;  was  born  in  Chambers- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1786;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1804;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1807,  and  practiced  extensively  in  the  Frank- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


89 


lin  County  Courts;  wa?  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1833  to  1837;  was  then 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  1851  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor,  with  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  Senate, 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  which 
office  he  held  until  the  expiration  of  its  tenure  under 
the  Constitution ;  after  that  time  he  lived  in  retire 
ment,  discharging  many  trusts  and  offices,  in  pro 
motion  of  religion  and  education,  in  the  town  of  his 
birth,  which  bears  his  father's  name.  Died  in  March, 
1866. 

Chambers,  Henry ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1825  to  1826.  Died  January  25, 
1826. 

Chambers,  John ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1779 ;  emigrated  to  Kentucky  when  thirteen  years  of 
age;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profession  with 
success;  was  an  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Harrison  at 
tlie  battle  of  the  Thames;  was  appointed  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  by  President  Harrison, 
manifesting  great  ability  and  prudence  in  his  inter 
course  with  the  Indians;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor,  a  Commissioner  to  make  a  treaty  with 
the  Sioux  Indians;  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from  1835 
to  1839.  Died  near  Paris,  Kentucky,  September  21, 
1852. 

Champion,  Epaphroditus  ;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1807  to 
1817;  a  man  greatly  respected  for  his  public  and  pri 
vate  character.  Died  at  East  Haddam,  Connecticut, 
November  22,  1835,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Champlin,  Christopher  G-.;  was  a  native  of 
Newport,  Rhode  Island;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1786;  wa^s  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Rhode  Island  from  1797  to  1801 ;  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1809  to  1811;  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  March  38,  1840,  in  the  seventy- 
fourth  year  of  his  age,  he  was  President  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Bank. 

Chandler,  John ;  was  born  in  Maine  when  a 
part  of  Massachusetts,  representing  it  in  the  State 
Senate  from  1803  to  1805,  and  in  Congress  from  1805 
to  1808;  for  three  years  was  Sheriff  of  Kennebec 
County;  in  1812  was  appointed  Brigadier-General, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Canadian  campaign, 
having  his  horse  shot  under  him  at  the  battle  of 
Stony  Creek,  where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  pris 
oner;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1820, 
being  one  of  the  first  two  Senators  from  Maine  after 
its  separation  from  Massachusetts,  serving  until  1829; 
in  1829  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of  Port 
land,  serving  until  1837.  Died  at  Augusta,  Septem 
ber,  1841. 

Chandler,  Joseph  R.;  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Plymouth  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1792;  was 
liberally  educated,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  for  many  years  edited  a  newspaper  in  Phila 
delphia,  entitled  the  United  States  Gazette',  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1849  to  1855;  in  1858  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Minister  to  Naples;  after  his  return  be 
came  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  North  American ;  in 
1821  published  a  "Grammar  of  the  English  Lan 
guage,"  and  subsequently  a  large  number  of  Essays 
and  Addresses  on  subjects  connected  with  Social  Life 
and  Literature. 

Chandler,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Bedford,  New 
Hampshire,  August  10,  1772;  received  a  common 


school  education;  was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  had  a 
fondness  for  sacred  music,  which  he  taught  to  a 
limited  extent  among  his  neighbors;  was  a  Justice 
of  the  Quorum  in  1808;  a  Captain  of  Militia  in  1815; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  in 
1827;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his  native 
State  from  1829  to  1833.  Died  in  Bedford,  January 
28,  1866.  His  brother,  John  Chandler,  was  also  in 
Congress,  and  he  was  the  uncle  of  the  Senator,  Zacha- 
riah  Chandler. 

Chandler,  "William  E.;  was  born  in  Concord, 
New  Hampshire,  December  28,  1835;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  studied  law  at  the  Harvard 
Law  School ;  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  from  that 
institution;  came  to  the  bar  in  1855,  and  practiced 
the  profession  until  1865;  from  1859  to  1865  was  re 
porter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1862,  1863,  and 
1864,  and  twice  chosen  Speaker;  was  made  an  A.M. 
by  Dartmouth  College;  in  1865  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  Judge- Advocate  General;  soon 
afterwards,  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury;  resigned  in  1867;  was  Secretary  of  the 
National  Republican  Committee,  and  participated  in 
the  campaigns  of  1868  and  1872;  in  1882  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Secretary  of  the 
Navy. 

Chandler,  Zachariah;  was  born  in  Bedford, 
New  Hampshire,  December  10,  1813;  received  an 
academic  education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
was  Mayor  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1851;  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  Governor  of  Michigan  in 
1852;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Michi 
gan,  to  succeed  Senator  Cass,  taking  his  seat  in 
the  Thirty -fifth  Congress;  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  in  1863,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1869,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims  and  on  Mines  and  Mining,  and  again  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany 
the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term 
ending  in  1875,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce;  in  October,  1875,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Interior;  served  in  that  capacity 
until  March,  1877;  in  1879  was  elected  United  States 
Senator,  for  the  term  ending  in  1881,  in  place  of  I. 
P.  Christiancy,  resigned.  Died  at  Chicago,  Illinois, 
November  1,  1879. 

Chaney,  John ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1833  to 
1839. 

Chanler,  John  Winthrop ;  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1826;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1859  and  1860,  and  declined  a  re- 
nomination;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Patents;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Bankrupt  Law,  on  Patents,  and  Southern  Rail 
roads;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  and  was 
placed  on  the  Committees  on  Elections,  Southern 
Railroads,  and  Patents. 

Chapin,  Chester  W.;  was  born  in  Ludlow, 
Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts,  December  16, 
1798;  was  well  educated  at  the  common  schools; 
during  his  long  and  active  life  was  engaged  in  the 
various  occupations  of  a  farmer,  merchant,  banker, 
manufacturer,  and  the  business  of  transportation  by 


90 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


sea  and  land ;  was  long  the  President  of  the  Boston 
and  Albany  Railroad  Company;  in  1853  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  his 
State;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Chapin,  Graham  H.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1835  to  1837. 
Died  in  1843. 

Chapman,  Andrew  Grant;  was  born  at  La 
Platte,  Maryland,  January  17,  1839;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  at  St.  John's  College, 
Maryland,  in  1858;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1860;  resided  in  Baltimore  for  three  years 
and  then  settled  at  Port  Tobace,  Maryland,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  and  in  agricultural  pur 
suits;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1868,  1870,  and  1872;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Chapman,  Augustus  A.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1847. 

Chapman,  Bird  B.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
on  removing  to  Nebraska,  was  elected  a  Delegate 
from  that  Territory  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Chapman,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Newtown, 
Connecticut,  in  1799;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  practiced  at  Newtown  from 
1824  to  1827;  removed  to  Hartford  in  1832,  and  from 
that  city  was  three  times  elected  to  the  Legislature; 
from  1841  to  1845  was  United  States  District  Attor 
ney;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to 
1853;  was  Temperance  candidate  for  Governor  in 
1854;  his  abilities  as  a  criminal  lawyer  gave  him  a 
wide  reputation.  Died  in  Hartford,  August  7,  1869. 
His  father,  Asa  Chapman,  was  also  an  eminent 
lawyer  and  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Con 
necticut. 

Chapman,  Henry;  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  about  the  year  1805;  received  a  good 
education,  and  read  law  under  the  competent  direc 
tion  of  his  father;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  about 
1826;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  for  three 
years,  from  January,  1843;  President  Judge  of  the 
Fifteenth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania  for  some 
years  after  leaving  the  Senate;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  President  Judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania  in  1861. 

Chapman,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1797  to  1799. 

Chapman,  John  G-.;  was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Maryland,  July  5,  1798;  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
education  at  Yale  College,  which  he  left  during  his 
senior  term,  on  account  of  his  health,  and  afterwards 
refused  a  diploma  which  was  tendered  to  him  by  the 
faculty;  studied  law  with  William  Wirt;  after  prac 
ticing  for  some  time,  turned  his  attention  to  politics, 
and  between  the  years  1824  and  1844  was  almost  con 
stantly  in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland;  in  1845  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  re-elected 
in  1847,  serving  on  important  Committees,  and  doing 
much  good  for  his  constituents  and  the  public  at 
large;  was  chosen  President  of  the  Convention  which 
framerl  the  Constitution  of  Maryland  in  1851;  his 
last  public  act  was  to  preside  as  Chairman  of  the 
National  Whig  Convention  which  met  in  Baltimore 
in  1856  to  nominate  Millard  Fillmore  for  the  Presi 
dency;  he  was  an  eloquent  speaker;  filled  all  his 


public  trusts  with  fidelity.  Died  December  10,  1856, 
lamented  by  a  large  number  of  warm  personal 
friends. 

Chapman,  Reuben;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from  1835 
to  1848;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1847  to 
1849.  Died  May  18,  1882. 

Chapman,  "William  W.;  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Iowa  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Chappell,  Absalom  H.;  was  born  in  Georgia; 
was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Twenty  - 
eighth  Congress. 

Chappell,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Fairfield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  January  19,  1782;  received  a 
common  school  education;  studied  law,  and  was  ad- 
jnitted  to  the  bar  in  1804;  was  a  Solicitor  of  Equity, 
Colonel  of  Militia,  a  Trustee  of  the  State  College 
in  1809,  and  a  Bank  Director;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1813  to  1817. 

Charlton,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  January  19,  1807;  was  liberally  educated; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  before  attaining  his 
majority;  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  became 
United  States  District  Attorney;  in  his  twenty- 
seventh  year  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Eastern  Georgia;  was  a  poet,  and  published 
a  volume  of  poems  in  1839;  and  also  published  a 
prose  work  entitled  ' '  Leaves  from  the  Portfolio  of  a 
Georgia  Lawyer, ' '  as  well  as  a  variety  of  historical 
and  other  lectures  and  literary  addresses;  served  in 
Congress  as  a  Senator  from  Georgia,  by  appointment, 
during  a  part  of  the  years  1852  and  1853.  Died  at 
Savannah,  January  8,  1854. 

Chase,  Dudley ;  was  born  in  Cornish,  Sullivan 
County,  New  Hampshire,  December  30,  1771  ;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education,  and  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1791 ;  having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar,  commenced  practice  in  Vermont;  from  1803 
to  1811  was  State's  Attorney  for  Orange  County;  was 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conventions  of  1814 
and  1822;  was  a  Representative  from  Randolph  to  the 
Legislature  of  Vermont  in  1805,  and  the  seven  suc 
ceeding  years,  during  five  of  which  he  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives;  was  again  elected 
Representative  from  the  same  town  in  1823  and  1824; 
was  elected  United  State  Senator  from  Vermont  from 
1813  to  1819;  resigned  his  seat  in  1817;  was  chosen 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Vermont  in 
1817,  holding  the  same  office,  by  annual  re-elections, 
until  1821;  then  returned  to  his  profession  of  the  law 
for  a  few  years;  in  1824  was  again  chosen  United 
States  Senator  from  1825  to  1831,  inclusive,  when  he 
retired  wholly  from  public  life,  and  devoted  his 
attention  to  farming  and  gardening,  of  which  he  was 
excessively  fond;  he  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Philan 
der  Chase,  Bishop  of  Illinois.  Died  at  Randolph, 
Vermont,  February  23,  1846. 

Chase,  George  W.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855.  Died  in  Maryland,  OJsego  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  May  1,  1867. 

Chase,  Jeremiah  T.;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to  1784. 

Chase,  Lucien  B.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in  1849; 
was  the  author  of  a  work  entitled  "  History  of  Pres 
ident  Folk's  Administration."  Died  in  December, 
1864,  aged  forty-seven  years. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Chase,  Salmon  P.;  was  born  in  Cornish,  New 
Hampshire,  January  13,  1808;  his  education  began 
at  home,  and  was  continued  at  the  schools  and  acad 
emies  of  New  Hampshire  and  central  Ohio,  and  com 
pleted  at  the  Cincinnati  College,  and  at  Dartmouth, 
in  New  Hampshire,  graduating  in  1826;  studied  law 
in  Washington  City  with  William  Wirt,  and  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  for  many 
years;  his  first  public  position  was  that  of  School 
Examiner,  in  Cincinnati,  in  1839;  in  1840  was  a 
City  Councilman;  in  1845  projected  what  was  called 
a  Liberty  Convention;  was  a  member  of  the  Free-soil 
Convention  held  at  Buffalo  in  1848;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1855;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Ohio  in  1655,  and  re-elected  in  1857;  in 
1860  was  again  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress;  on  the 
day  after  he  took  his  seat  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  in  President  Lincoln's  Cabinet;  resigned 
in  July,  1864;  it  was  while  the  country  was  passing 
through  the  trials  of  the  Rebellion  that  the  National 
Finances  were  successfully  managed  under  his  ad 
ministration;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Con 
gress  of  1861.  on  December  6,  1864,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  to  succeed  R.  B.  Taney; 
by  Arirtue  of  his  position  as  Chief  Justice  he  presided 
over  the  Senate  while  acting  as  a  Court  of  Impeach 
ment,  during  the  trial  of  President  Andrew  Johnson, 
in  1868.  Died  in  Washington,  May  7,  1871. 

Chase,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Maryland,  April  17,  1741 ;  received  a  good  education; 
came  to  the  bar  in  his  twenty-second  year,  settling 
at  Annapolis;  was  one  of  the  "Sons  of  Liberty;" 
was  sent  by  Maryland  as  a  Delegate  to  the  Continen 
tal  Congress,  where  he  served  from  1774  to  1778,  and 
in  1784  and  1785;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  it  was  he  who  proclaimed,  on  the 
floor  of  Congress,  that  they  had  a  Judas  among 
them,  in  the  person  of  J.  J.  Zubly,  of  Georgia,  and 
also  made  a  severe  demonstration  against  the  Society 
of  Friends  for  alleged  disloyalty;  in  1786  settled  in 
Baltimore;  in  1788  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Criminal  Court;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
that  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution;  in  1796  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washington,  an  Associate 
on  the  Supreme  Bench;  in  1804,  at  the  instigation  of 
John  Randolph,  was  impeached;  having  been  ar 
raigned  in  1805,  after  a  long  trial,  his  alleged  im 
proper  conduct  on  the  bench  was  approved.  Died 
June  19,  1811.  He  was  a  man  of  high  character  and 
rare  benevolence,  and  it  was  to  him  that  William 
Pinkney  was  indebted  for  his  education  and  subse 
quent  success  in  life. 

Chase,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1827  to  1829. 

Chastain,  Edward  W.;  was  born  in  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1851  to  1855. 

Chatfield,  A.  G-.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Min 
nesota;  in  1853  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Min 
nesota. 

Chavez,  J.  Francisco;  was  born  in  Padillas, 
Bernalillo  County,  New  Mexico,  June  27,  1833;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
studied  medicine  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  New  York;  for  several  years  was  devoted 
to  mercantile  pursuits,  and  to  the  raising  of  cattle 
for  the  California  market;  in  1861  entered  the  mili 
tary  service  of  the  United  States,  and  was  appointed 
Major  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Infantry  raised  in 


New  Mexico;  after  participating  in  several  battles 
and  seeing  much  active  service  on  the  frontier,  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  ;  was 
mustered  out  at  his  own  request  in  1864;  in  1865  was 
elected  a  Delegate  from  Ne\v  Mexico  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
to  which  he  was  admitted  during  the  last  month  of 
said  Congress 

Ciisatham,  Richard ;  was  a  Representative  irt 
Congress  from  Tennessee,  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  in 
September.  1845. 

Cheney,  Person  C.;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1875  to  1877. 

Chenoweth,  James  Q.;  was  born  at  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  February  9,  1841;  was  educated  in  the 
grammar  school  at  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  and  at 
Asbury  University,  Indiana,  graduating  from  the 
latter  institution  in  1861 ;  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  private  in  1861,  and  served  throughout 
the  Civil  War,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  it» 
command  of  a  brigade  at  the  time  of  the  surrender; 
studied  law  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  returning  to 
his  home,  in  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  in  the  fall  .of 
1867;. was,  soon  afterwards,  elected  a  State  Senator 
of  Kentucky;  served  three  sessions  and  resigned,  in 
April,  1872,  to  remove  to  Texas;  settled  at  Paris, 
Texas,  in  the  practice  of  law  as  a  partner  of  S.  B. 
Maxey.  afterwards  United  States  Senator;  in  1875 
was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  District  Judge;  \v-\s- 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Seventeenth  a.il 
Eighteenth  Legislatures  of  Texas;  on  May  1,  1885r 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  First  Audi 
tor  of  the  United  States  Treasury. 

Chenowith,  F.  A.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  removed 
to  Iowa,  and  from  that  State  was  appointed  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Washington. 

Chestnut,  James,  Jr.;  was  born  near  Cam  den , 
South  Carolina,  in  1815;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege;  from  1842  to  1852  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature;  from  1854  to  1858  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate;  was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second  session  of 
the  Thirty -fifth  Congress;  was  subsequently  elected 
to  that  position,  but  was  expelled  July  11,  1861;  be 
came  identified  with  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  so-called  Confederate  Congress;  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 

Chetwood,  "William ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey 
in  1769;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1792;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1798;  during  the  Whisky  In 
surrection  attended  Major-General  Lee  as  Aid-de 
camp;  at  one  time  served  in  the  State  Council  of 
New  Jersey;  was  elected  to  Congress  from  that  State, 
to  fill  a  vacancy  during  the  administration  of  Presi 
dent  Jackson;  was  an  able  lawyer,  and  practiced  his 
profession  until  his  seventieth  year.  Died  December 
18,  1857. 

Cheves,  Langdon ;  was  born  in  Abbeville  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  September  17,  1776;  was  ad- 
rnitte  1  to  the  bar  in  1801 ;  elected  to  the  State  Legis"- 
lature  in  1808;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1809: 
afterwards  Attorney-General  of  the  State ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  Iron* 
1811  to  1816,  and  was  Speaker  during  the  second  ses 
sion  of  the  Thirteenth  Congress;  was  also  a  Com 
missioner  of  Claims  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent  , 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1816  to 
1819,  and  for  a  time  President  of  the  United  States 
Bank;  resigning  this  trust,  returned  to  South  C  iro- 
lina,  and  withdrew  from  public  life.  Died  June  26, 
1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Chilcott,  George  M.;  was  born  in  Huntingdon 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  2,  1828;  in  1844  re 
moved  with  his  father  to  Iowa;  studied  medicine,  but 
•did  not  practice  the  profession;  in  1852  was  chosen 
Sheriff  of  Jefferson  County;  emigrated  to  Nebraska 
Territory  in  1856 ;  during  the  latter  part  of  that  year 
•was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature;  in  1859 
settled  in  Colorado;  in  1861  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  Territory;  in  1862  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  same:  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  a  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  serving  four 
years;  in  1865  was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Repre 
sentative  under  the  State  organization,  but  not  ad- 
mittsd;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Colorado 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  in  the  same  year  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States;  in  April,  1882,  was  appointed  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Colorado,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignation  of  H.  M.  Teller,  serving  until  Feb 
ruary,  1883. 

Childs,  Thomas;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  from  that  State  during  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Childs,  Timothy;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1828 
and  1833;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1829  to  1831,  from  1835  to  1839,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Santa  Cruz,  in  Novem 
ber,  1847. 

Chilton,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1804; 
after  receiving  a  good  education,  studied  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law;  rilled  various  offices  of  trust 
and  honor;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1843  to  1845;  after  retiring  from 
Congress,  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention.  Died  at  his  residence  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  January  14,  1867. 

Chirm,  Joseph  W.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at 
Richmond,  December  5,  1840. 

Chirm,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
removing  to  Louisiana,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

Chirm,  Thomas  "W.;  was  a  citizen  of  Louisiana; 
in  1849  was  appointed  C/iarge  d'  Affaires  to  the  Two 
Sicilies,  but  soon  resigned,  holding  the  office  only 
from  June  to  October. 

Chipman,  Daniel;  was  born  in  1765,  in  Salis 
bury,  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1788; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  practiced  at  Ripton, 
Vermont;  was  for  many  years  in  the  Legislature, 
and  was  frequently  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  his  State;  was  a  member  of  the  last  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  was  the  first  reporter  of 
the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  author  of 
an  able  work  on  "  Law  Contracts  for  the  Sale  of  Spe 
cific  Articles, ' '  which  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  pro 
fession;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1815  to  1817. 
Died  at  Ripton,  April  23,  1850. 

Chipman,  Henry;  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1785;  after  receiving  a  liberal  education,  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  when  quite  young  went  to 
South  Carolina,  and  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
the  profession  in  that  State  until  1824,  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  a  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Territory  of  Michigan;  re 
moved  to  Detroit,  and  from  that  time  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Detroit,  was  one  of  the  most  influ 
ential  citizens  of  the  State;  the  qualities  which  char 
acterized  Judge  Chipman  cannot,  perhaps,  be  better 


expressed  than  in  his  own  language,  addressed  to  the 
compiler,  when  speaking  of  Mr.  Woodbridge:  "In 
his  politics  he  was  a  disciple  of  the  Washington 
school,  whose  principles  he  had  imbibed  in  early  life 
from  his  association  with  the  founders  of  the  Repub 
lic  and  trainers  of  the  Federal  Constitution.  He  was 
truly  national  and  conservative  in  his  views  and 
feelings,  and  always  a  devoted  friend  of  the  Union. 
He  could  never  stoop  to  play  the  political  partisan  for 
his  own  advancement,  but  always  carried  his  political 
opinions  as  parts  of  his  private  conscience  and  personal 
integrity,  and  never  allowed  a  difference  of  political 
opinion  to  interfere  with  his  social  relations  or  pub 
lic  duties." 

Chipman,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1823;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Michigan  from  1845 
to  1847;  subsequently  removed  to  California. 

Chipman,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
Connecticut,  November  15,  1752;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1777,  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Tinmouth, 
Vermont;  was  Professor  of  Law  for  twenty-eight 
years  in  Middlebury  College;  in  1786  was  elected  £ 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1789  was  chosen 
Chief  Justice;  in  1791  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court;  was  subsequently  again 
elected  Chief  Justice;  from  1797  to  1803  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  Vermont.  In 
1793  he  published  "Sketches  of  the  Principles  of 
Government,"  and  "Reports  and  Dissertations." 
Died  at  Tinmouth,  February  13,  1843. 

Chipman,  Norton  P.;  was  born  in  Milford 
Centre,  Ohio,  March  7,  1834;  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1845;  entered  Washington  College,  but  left  to  attend 
the  Law  School  at  Cincinnati,  where  he  graduated; 
returned  to  Iowa,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law;  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private,  and  Avas 
enrolled  as  Second  Lieutenant;  was  Adjutant  and 
Major  of  the  Second  Infantry;  was  appointed  Colonel 
and  additional  Aid-de-camp  in  the  Regular  Army, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  Brigadier- 
General;  settled  at  Washington  City,  where  he  had 
previously  been  on  duty  for  two  years;  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Territorial  Government  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  at  its  organization ;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Forty -second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses. 

Chittenden,  Lucius  B.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
in  18(31  was  appointed  from  that  State  Register  of  the 
United  States  Treasury,  in  which  office  he  remained 
until  1867. 

Chittenden,  Martin;  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
Connecticut,  March  12,  1769;  in  1776  his  family  re 
moved  to  Williston,  Vermont;  in  1789  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College,  but,  owing  to  feeble  health,  de 
voted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits  at  Jericho,  m 
Chittenden  County;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  that  adopted  the  United  States  Constitution;  in 
1790  was  elected  County  Cleric  and  Representative, 
to  which  position  he  was  re-elected  for  six  years  suc 
cessively,  and  also  at  occasional  subsequent  inter 
vals;  was  Judge  of  the  County  Court  from  1793  to 
1795;  Chief  Justice  from  1796  to  1803;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1813,  and  Gover 
nor  of  Vermont  in  1813  and  1814;  was  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  in  1821  and  1822;  at  the  age  of  thirty-three  at 
tained  the  rank  of  Major-General  of  Militia;  was 
Governor  during  the  war  with  England,  and  refused 
to  comply  witli  the  requisition  of  General  Macomh 
for  the  State  Militia;  this  act  prevented  his  re-elec 
tion  as  Governor.  Died  at  Williston,  Vermont,  Sep 
tember  5,  1841. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


93 


Chittenden,  Simeon  B.;  was  born  in  Guilford, 
Connecticut,  March  29,  1814;  received  an  academic 
education;  entered  a  store  at  New  Haven,  Connecti 
cut;  removed  to  New  York  in  1843,  where  he  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  Vice  President  of 
the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  from  1867  to 
1869;  one  of  the  Directors  in  the  Continental  Bank, 
and  in  the  Continental  Fire  Insurance  Company;  a 
Director  in  the  Delaware,  Lackawauna  and  Western, 
and  other  Eailroads;  President  of  the  New  Haven 
and  New  London  Shore-Line  Railroad  of  Connecticut; 
•was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-lburth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Civil  Service;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty -sixth  Con 
gresses. 

Chittenden,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  East  Guil 
ford,  Connecticut,  January  6,  1730;  received  a  scanty 
education;  removed,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  to  Salis 
bury,  where  he  commanded  a  regiment;  was  many 
years  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature,  and  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  in  1774  emigrated  to  the  New  Hamp 
shire  grants,  as  Vermont  was  then  called,  and  settled 
at  Williston,  on  the  Onion  River;  rendered  service  to 
the  State  in  the  Councils  during  the  Revolution;  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  in  1777  which  declared 
Vermont  an  independent  State,  and  was  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  solicit  admission  into  the  Confed 
eracy;  in  1777  was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention;  President  of  the  Council  of 
Safety;  in  1778  was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  filled  that  office 
until  his  death.  Died  at  Willistou,  Vermont,  August 
'24,  1797. 

Chittenden,  T.  C.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
having  removed  to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State  to  the  Twenty -sixth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Twenty -seventh  Congress. 

Choate,  Rufus ;  was  born  at  Ipswich,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  1,  1799;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1819,  and  was  afterwards  chosen  a  tutor  in 
that  institution ;  having  selected  the  law  for  his  profes 
sion,  entered  the  Law  School  at  Cambridge;  after 
spending  a  few  months  there  went  to  Washington 
and  studied  with  William  Wirt;  completed  his  legal 
studies  at  an  office  in  Salem,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  the  town  of  Danvers  in 
1824;  in  1825  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature;  in  1827  was  in  the  Senate 
of  the  same  State ;  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  de 
butes,  and  won  a  high  reputation  by  his  energy  and 
sagacity;  in  1832  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress 
from  the  Essex  District;  declined  a  re-election  in 
1834,  and  removed  to  Boston,  to  devote  himself  to  his 
profession;  here  he  took  an  eminent  position  at  the 
bar,  and  soon  came  into  an  extensive  practice;  in 
1841,  on  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Webster  from  the 
Senate,  Mr.  Choate  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy ; 
at  the  close  of  his  term,  gave  himself  up  wholly  to 
his  profession;  was  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution,  but  resigned  the  position;  was  greatly  dis 
tinguished  for  his  eloquence,  but  his  style  of  speaking 
was  peculiar;  his  judgment  in  the  management  of 
cases  was  considered  consummate;  his  published 
orations  and  arguments  are  quite  numerous,  and  all 
of  a  high  order ;  from  Yale  College  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  Died  at  Halifax,  Novia  Scotia, 
while  on  his  way  to  Europe  for  his  health,  July  12, 
1859.  His  life  and  writings  were  published  by  Dr. 
S.  G.  Brown,  and  another  life  by  E.  G.  Parker. 

Chrisman,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
that  State  in  1849;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 


1853  to  1855;  contested  for  the  seat  in  Congress  in 
I860  with  William  C.  Anderson,  but  was  rejected ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  State 
from  1861  to  1865;  was  a  member  of  the  Confederate 
Congress  during  its  existence. 

Christiancy,  Isaac  P.;  was  born  in  Johnstown, 
New  York,  in  March,  1812;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  while  yet  a  boy  supported  his  father's 
family  by  teaching  school;  began  the  study  of  law, 
and  in  1836  removed  to  Monroe,  Michigan,  where  he 
completed  his  legal  course  and  practiced  the  profes 
sion  from  1838  to  1857;  from  1841  to  1846  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  for  Monroe  County;  in  1848  attended 
the  Free  Soil  Convention  in  Buffalo;  in  1849  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  in  1852  was  the  candidate  for 
Governor  of  the  Free  Soil  party,  and  was  a  prime 
mover  in  the  political  combinations  of  1854;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  Convention  of  1856;  soon 
afterwards  purchased  The  Monroe  Commercial  and 
became  its  editor;  was  a  candidate  for  the  United 
States  Senate  in  1857;  in  the  same  year  was  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  in 
1865  re-elected  for  eight  years  by  the  unanimous  vote 
of  all  parties ;  served  as  an  officer  on  the  staffs  of  Gen 
erals  A.  A.  Humphreys  and  G.  A.  Custer  during  the 
Rebellion;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Michigan  for  the  term  ending  in  1881;  resigned  in 
January,  1879,  to  accept  the  appointment  of  United 
States  Minister  to  Peru. 

Christie,  Gabriel;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1793  to  1797,  and  from 
1799  to  1801. 

Christy,  John  EL;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Fortieth  Congress. 

Church,  Louis  K.;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
in  October,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  Territory  of  Dakota;  he  resided  at  Huron, 
Dakota. 

Church,  "William  E.;  was  born  at  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  December  7,  1841;  received  an  academic 
and  collegiate  education,  graduating  from  Williams 
College  in  1861;  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  in  1862; 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain  and  Assistant 
Adjutant-General,  with  which  rank  he  was  mustered 
out  of  service  in  1865;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1866  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
New  York  City;  in  1872  removed  to  Morristown, 
New  Jersey,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  ;  in  1883  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  ot 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  Territory,  residing  at 
Deadwood. 

Churchill,  John  Charles ;  was  born  in  Mooers, 
Clinton  County,  New  York,  January  17,  1821;  grad 
uated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  in  1843; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  from  1857  to  1859 
was  the  District  Attorney  for  Oswego  County;  was 
County  Judge  of  the  same  county  from  1860  to  1863; 
in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress;  was  made  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings,  and  served  on  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Churchill,  Thomas  J.;  was  Governor  of  Arkan 
sas  from  1881  to  1883. 

Churchwell,  "William  M.;  was  born  in  Tennes 
see,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1852  to  1855. 

Cilley,  Bradbury;  was  a  Representative  in. 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1813  to  1817. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Cilley,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Notti  gham, 
New  Hampshire,  July  2, 1802;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1625;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
•was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829;  was  at  one  time 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Maine,  of 
•which  he  was  a  member  from  1832  to  1837;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1832;  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Maine  from  1837  to  the  time  of  his  death;  was 
killed  at  the  third  fire  in  a  duel  fought  with  William 
J..  Graves,  at  Bladensburg,  Maryland,  February  24, 
1838,  with  rifles,  at  eighty  yards'  distance. 

Cilley,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
•was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1846 
to  1847. 

Claflin,  William ;  was  born  at  Milford,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  6,  1818;  was  educated  at  the  public 
schools  and  at  Brown  University;  engaged  in  the 
shoe  and  leather  business;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  from  1849  to  1852;  a  State  Senator  in 
1860  and  1861 ;  the  last  year  President  of  the  Senate; 
•was  a  member  of  the  Republican  National  Executive 
Committee  from  1864  to  1875;  Chairman  from  1868 
to  1872;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  from  1866  to  1869; 
•Governor  from  1870  to  1872;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Claggett,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Upper 
Marlborough,  Maryland,  September  21, 1838;  studied 
and  practiced  law;  removed  to  the  Far  West;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Nevada  in  1862,  1863, 
and  1865;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress 
from  that  State. 

Claggett,  Clifton;  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire;  was  Judge  of  Probate  of 
Hillsborough  County  from  1823  to  1827;  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  one  or  two  years;  wras  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1803  to  1805, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1821.  Died  in  1829,  aged 
fifty-six  years. 

Claiborne,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1805  to  1808.  Died  during 
the  latter  year. 

Claiborne,  John  F.  H.;  was  a  native  of  Natchez, 
Mississippi ;  educated  and  licensed  as  a  lawyer  in  Vir 
ginia;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  of 
Mississippi  during  three  sessions,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Mississippi  from  1835  to  1838; 
afterwards  conducted  the  Natchez  Free  Trader,  and 
also  the  Louisiana  Courier,  leading  journals  of  the 
South,  and  was  editor  of  an  agricultural  journal  pub 
lished  in  New  Orleans;  held  the  office  of  United 
States  Timber  Agent  for  the  Districts  of  Louisiana 
Mississippi,  to  which  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Pierce.  He  wrote  a  historical  work  relating  to  the 
Southwest. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel  H.;  was  born  in  Sussex 
County,  Virginia;  served  many  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Execu 
tive  Council;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1825  to  1837.  Died  in  Franklin 
County,  Virginia,  August  15,  1859,  aged  eighty-three 
years. 

Claiborne,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1805. 

Claiborne,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1817  to  1819. 

Claiborne,  William  C.  C.;  studied  law  and  set 
tled  in  Tennessee,  of  which  State  he  assisted  in  form 
ing  the  Constitution,  and  afterwards  represented  it  in 


Congress  from  1797  to  1801  ;  in  1801  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  and  in  1804  of 
Louisiana;  was  also  chosen  to  that  office  by  the  peo 
ple,  after  the  adoption  of  its  Constitution,  from  1812 
to  1816;  was  then  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  but  died,  before  he  took  his  seat,  at  New  Or 
leans,  November  23,  1817. 

Clapp,  Almon  M.;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  re 
moved  to  New  York,  and  was  for  many  years  con 
nected  with  the  press  of  Buffalo,  conducting  for  a 
time  the  Daily  Express;  was  appointed  Congressional 
Printer  in  1868. 

Clapp,  Asa  W.  H.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Clardy,  Martin  L.;  was  born  in  St.  Genevieve 
County,.  Missouri,  April  26,  1844;  received  a  col 
legiate  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Missouri,  to  the 
Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Clark,  Abraham ;  was  born  near  Elizabeth- 
town,  New  Jersey,  February  15,  1726;  was  a  self- 
made  man,  and  because  of  his  habit  of  giving  legal 
advice  gratuitously,  was  called  the  "Poor  Man's 
Councilor;  "  was  Sheriff  and  Clerk  of  the  Colonial  As 
sembly,  one  of  the  Delegates  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  and  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence;  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1791  to  1794,  when  he  resigned.  Died  September  15, 
1794,  of  sunstroke. 

Clark,  Alvah  A.;  was  born  at  Lebanon,  New 
Jersey,  September  13,  1840;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1864;  became  a  Councilor-at-law  in  1867; 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New  Jersey,  to 
the  Forty -fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Clark,  Ambrose  W.;  was  born  near  Coopers- 
town,  Otsego  County,  New  York,  February  19, 1810; 
received  a  common  school  education ;  wras  employed 
in  a  printing-office  at  Cooperstown  until  he  became 
of  age ;  published  for  five  years  the  Otsego  Republican; 
established  and  published  for  eight  years,  in  Lewis 
County,  the  Northern  Journal;  also  published  for  six 
teen  years  the  Northern  New  York  Journal,  in  Water- 
town,  Jefferson  County;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Printing;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  in  1862,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Printing  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts;  in  1865  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Consul  at  Valpa 
raiso;  in  1868,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson, 
Charge  d1  Affaires  at  Santiago  during  the  absence  of 
Minister  Kilpatrick. 

Clark,  Amos,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Westfield,  New 
Jersey,  November  8,  1827 ;  received  a  practical  edu 
cation;  was  in  business  in  New  York  City;  was  a 
banker  in  Elizabeth,  and  largely  interested  in  real 
estate;  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  in  1865 
and  1866;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  from  186G 
to  1869;  was  an  Elector  in  1872:  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

Clark,  Christopher;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1804  to  1806. 

Clark,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Stratham,  Rocking 
ham  County,  New  Hampshire,  October  24,  1809 ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


95 


graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1834;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1837;  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  in  the  years  1842, 
1843,  1846,  1854,  and  1855;  in  1857  was  elected  a' 
Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire,  and  in 
1861  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Claims,  the 
Judiciary,  Indian  Affairs,  and  as  a  member  of  other 
important  Committees;  during  the  first  session  of 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  was  chosen  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate;  resigned  the  position  at  the  close 
of  the  second  session  of  the  same  Congress;  in  July, 
1866,  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  New  Hampshire;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  "Loyalists'  Convention"  held  in 
Philadelphia  in  1866. 

Clark,  Ezra,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  removed 
to  Connecticut;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Elections. 

Clark,  Franklin;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  a 
merchant  by  occupation;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1849;  before 
entering  Congress  served  in  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1855. 

Clark,  Henry  S.;  was  born  in  Beaufort  County, 
North  Carolina;  studied  law;  went  into  the  State 
Legislature  in  1834;  was  Solicitor  for  the  State  in 
1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1845  to  1847;  was  at  one  time  acting 
Governor  of  the  State.  Died  at  Tarborough,  North 
Carolina,  April  14,  1874. 

Clark,  Horace  F.;  was  born  in  Southbury, 
New  Haven  County,  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College,  Massachusetts;  adopted  the  law  as  a 
profession ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty -fifth 
Congress  from  New  York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  in  1868  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Williams  College. 
Died  in  New  York,  June  19,  1873. 

Clark  James ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1779,  near  the  celebrated  Peaks  of  Otter; 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Clark  County,  Ken 
tucky  ;  received  the  principal  part  of  his  education 
from  a  private  tutor;  studied  law  in  Virginia;  re 
turned  to  Kentucky  to  practice  in  Winchester,  in 
1797 ;  was  several  times  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature;  in  1810  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1813  to  1816;  from  1817  to  1824  was 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court;  again  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  1825  to  1831;  in  1832  was  State  Senator 
and  chosen  Speaker;  was  elected  Governor  in  1836. 
Died  September  27,  1839. 

Clark,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1796;  was,  for  several  years,  in  the  House  of  Com 
mons;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1812;  three 
years  a  member  of  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1815  to  1817;  in  1828  was  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of 
the  Navy  Department.  Died  in  January,  1844,  in 
the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Clark,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Madison  County, 
Kentucky,  April  17,  1802;  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
removed  to  Missouri ;  was  appointed  Clerk  of  Howard 
County  Court  in  1824,  serving  until  1834;  in  1832 


commanded  a  Regiment  of  mounted  Militia,  during 
the  Black  Hawk  War;  was  made  Major-General  of 
Militia  in  1848;  elected  to  the  Legislature  during  the 
session  of  1850  and  1851;  was  chosen  by  the  State 
as  commanding  officer  to  expel  the  Mormons  from 
Missouri;  was  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Territories;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861 
as  a  Colonel,  having  been  expelled  from  the  House  in 
July,  1861. 

Clark,  John  B.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Fayette,  Mis 
souri,  January  14,  1831;  attended  the  common 
schools;  entered  the  Missouri  University  and  re 
mained  there  two  years;  studied  law,  and  graduated 
in  the  Law  Department  of  Harvard  University ;  prac 
ticed  law  from  1855  until  the  commencement  of  the 
war,  when  he  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a 
Lieutenant,  and  promoted  successively  to  be  Captain, 
Major,  Colonel,  and  Brigadier-General ;  after  the  war 
followed  various  pursuits;  was  a  State  and  County 
Collector;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Forty -third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses, 
serving  in  the  former  on  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Roads;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
and  Forty -seventh  Congresses;  in  December,  1883, 
was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  in  1885  was  re-elected. 

Clark,  Lincoln ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Judge  in 
Alabama  for  several  years;  on  removing  to  Iowa  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Clark,  Lot ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1823  to  1825,  when  he 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Norwich,  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1846. 

Clark,  M.  S.;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  during  the  years  1820  and  1821. 

Clark,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  from  1812  to  1815;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821;  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  held  in  the  latter 
year;  subsequently  adopted  the  medical  profession ; 
settled  in  Monroe,  Michigan  Territory;  was  ap 
pointed  by  President  Monroe,  Register  of  the  Land 
Office  for  the  Second  Land  District  of  that  Territory. 

Clark,  Bush ;  was  born  at  Schellsburg,  Bedford 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1834;  received  a 
collegiate  education,  graduating  from  Jefferson  Col 
lege,  Pennsylvania,  in  1853;  studied  law;  removed  to 
Iowa;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Iowa  City  in  1853, 
and  commenced  practice  there;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  from  1860  to  1864,  serving  as 
Speaker  the  last  two  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Staff  in  1861  and  1862;  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Iowa  State  University  from 
1862  to  1866;  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Assembly 
in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress.  Died  April  28,  1879. 

Clark,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1833 
to  1835;  on  removing  to  Michigan,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to 
1855.  Died  at  Kalamazoo,  October  2,  1870. 


96 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Clark,  "William ;  was,  for  some  time,  State 
Treasurer  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1828  was  appointed 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and  held  the  office 
for  one  year;  from  1833  to  1837  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania.  Died  in  Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  28,  1841. 

Clark,  William;  in  1800  was  appointed,  hy 
President  Adams,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory  of 
Indiana;  was  subsequently  commissioned  as  the  sec 
ond  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Missouri,  exerting 
an  important  influence  over  his  fellow-countrymen 
west  of  the  Mississippi. 

Clark,  William  T.;  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Con 
necticut,  June  29,  1834;  was  educated  in  Connecticut 
and  New  York  City;  taught  school;  read  law  in  the 
city  of  New  York  ;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1855,  and 
practiced  law  there  until  the  commencement  of  the 
war;  served  in  the  Union  Army  in  all  grades  up  to 
Brevet  Major-General,  and  commanded  a  division  in 
Texas  until  mustered  out  in  1866,  when  he  went  into 
business  at  Gal veston;  took  an  active  part  in  recon 
struction;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  several  committees. 

Clarke,  Archibald  S.;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Senate  for  four  years,  beginning  with  1813; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1816  to  1817;  held  the  several  positions  of  Clerk, 
Surrogate,  and  Judge  of  Saratoga  County.  Died  at 
Clarence,  New  York,  December  4,  1821,  aged  forty- 
three  years. 

Clarke,  Bayard ;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
March  17,  1815;  was  educated  at  Geneva  College, 
and  studied  law;  in  1836  was  Attache  and  Secretary 
to  General  Cass's  Embassy  to  France,  and  continued 
in  that  position  four  years;  then  took  a  course  of 
study  at  the  Royal  School  of  Cavalry,  in  France; 
afterwards  served  in  the  Second  Regiment  of  Dra 
goons  through  the  Florida  War;  resigned  in  1843, 
and  settled  at  Westchester,  New  York,  Avhich  district 
he  represented  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Clarke,  Beverly  L.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Kentucky ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1841  and  1842;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1849;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1847  to 
1849;  in  1858  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Minister  to  Guatemala  and  Honduras.  Died  there, 
March  7,  1860. 

Clarke,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  New  York;  in 
1839  and  1840  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly  from  Jefferson  County;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849  to  1851.  Died 
December  29,  1863,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Clarke,  Daniel ;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  or  Louisiana,  from 
1806  to  1809. 

Clarke,  Freeman ;  was  born  in  Troy,  New 
York,  March  22,  1809;  commenced  active  life  as  a 
merchant;  in  1837  was  elected  Cashier  of  the  Bank 
of  Orleans  at  Albion;  in  1845  removed  to  Rochester, 
and  was  President  of  the  Rochester  Bank,  and  Treas 
urer  of  the  Monroe  County  Savings  Bank,  and,  sub 
sequently,  President  of  the  Monroe  County  Bank; 
also  held  the  offices  of  Treasurer  and  Director  of  the 
Rochester,  Lockport,  and  Niagara  Falls  Railroad 
Company ;  President  and  Treasurer  of  the  Rochester 
and  Genesee  Valley  Railroad  Company;  Director  of 
the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroa.l  Company;  Treasurer 
and  a  Director  of  the  House  Telegraph  Company, 


and  a  Director  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company;  was  one  of  the  first  Directors  of  the  Fourth 
National  Bank  in  New  York  City,  and  also  a  Trustee 
and  subsequently  Vice-President  of  the  Union  Trust 
Company,  New  York ;  was  Vice-President  of  the 
Whig  State  Convention  in  1850,  and  acted  as  Presi 
dent;  in  1852  was  a  Delegate  to  the  WThig  National 
Convention ;  was  Vice-President  of  the  first  Republi 
can  Convention  in  New  York  State,  in  1854;  in  1856 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufac 
tures  and  Invalid  Pensions;  in  1865  was  appointed 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  by  President  Lincoln; 
in  1867  was  elected  to  the  New  York  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  1870  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
in  which  he  served  on  the  Committee  on  Appropria 
tions;  in  1872  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  For 
eign  Affairs. 

Clarke,  James ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania;  in  1836  removed  to  St.  Louis; 
thence  to  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  Territorial 
Printer;  in  1837  went  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  con 
ducted  the  Territorial,  now  State  Gazette,  until  the 
winter  of  1839,  when  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Territory;  from  1843  to  1845  resumed  the  Gazette; 
was  Governor  of  the  Territory  in  1846;  again  edited 
the  Gazette  from  1848  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
near  Burlington,  Iowa,  July  28,  1850. 

Clarke,  John;  was  born  in  1766;  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  was  appointed  Lieutenant,  and  then  Captain 
of  MiUtia;  fought  under  his  father,  General  Elijah 
Clarke,  in  the  Revolutionary  Army;  at  the  siege  of 
Augusta  and  at  the  battle  of  Jack's  Creek,  in  1787, 
greatly  distinguished  himself,  and  attained  the  rank 
of  Major-General  of  the  State  Militia;  at  a  critical 
period  in  the  War  of  1812,  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor,  to  command  the  forces  destined  to  defend 
the  sea-coast  of  Georgia;  was  Governor  of  Georgia 
from  1819  to  1823.  Died  in  West  Florida,  October 
15,  1832. 

Clarke,  John ;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  in 
1816  and  1817.  Died  at  Smyrna,  Delaware,  August, 
1821. 

Clarke,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Bracken  County, 
Kentucky,  April  14,  1833;  was  educated  at  Augusta, 
in  that  State;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1854,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
was  elected  County  Attorney  in  1858,  and  served  four 
years;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  Kentucky 
in  1867,  and  served  four  years;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Clarke,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  grad 
uated  at  Williams  College  in  1811;  served  in  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York  in  1 826 ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1827  to  1829,  and 
again  from  1837  to  1843;  in  1849  was  appointed  First 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  but  only  held  the  place  a 
short  time.  Died  in  1852,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Clarke,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Elizabethtown, 
New  Jersey,  in  1791;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1809;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1847  to  1853. 

Clarke,  Matthew  St.  Clair ;  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania;  removed  to  Washington  City  at  an  early 
day ;  was  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  from 
1822  to  1833;  again  elected  to  the  same  position  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


97 


1841,  and  held  the  office  two  years;  in  1843  was  ap 
pointed  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  and  held  that 
office  two  years;  was  the  publisher  of  the  great  work 
called  the  "American  Archives,"  edited  by  Peter 
Force,  who  was  also  directly  interested  in  its  publi 
cation;  was  quite  famous  as  a  politician.  Died  in 
Washington. 

Clarke,  Reader  "Wright ;  was  born  in  Bethel, 
Clermont  County,  Ohio,  May  18,  1812;  obtained  a 
good  English  education,  and  when  fifteen  years  of 
age  learned  the  trade  of  a  printer;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1836;  in  1840  and  1841  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature;  was  a  delegate,  in 
1844,  to  the  Baltimore  Convention,  and  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  at  the  ensuing  election;  in  1846  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  and  Common  Pleas 
Courts  of  Clermont  County,  which  he  held  for  six 
years;  was  a  delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention" 
of  I860;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  on  Print 
ing;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post- 
Office  and  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department;  in 
April,  1869,  was  appointed  Third  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury,  and  afterwards  a  Collector  of  Internal  Rev 
enue  in  Ohio.  Died  May  23,  1872. 

Clarke,  Sidney  ;  was  born  in  Southbridge,  Mass 
achusetts,  October  16,  1831;  received  a  common  school 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  an  editor,  and 
published  the  Southbridge  Press;  in  1858  emigrated  to 
Kansas,  and  settled  in  Lawrence;  was  a  member,  in 
1862,  of  the  State  Legislature;  subsequently*  ren 
dered  military  service  against  the  Rebellion  as  a 
Captain  of  Volunteers,  and  Assistant-Provost-Mar 
shal-General  for  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  and 
Dakota,  serving  in  the  latter  capacity  until  1864, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kansas 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  Indian  Affairs,  and 
on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  also  on  the 
National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  re 
mains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention"  of 
1H66;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first 
Congresses,  and  made  Chairman  of  Indian  Affairs. 

Clarke,  Staley  N.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1841  to  1843. 

Clarke,  "William;  was  born  in  Virginia,  Au 
gust  1,  1770;  in  1784  removed  to  where  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  now  stands,  where  his  brother  had  built 
a  fort;  served  in  campaigns  against  the  Indians;  was 
Adjutant  and  Quartermaster  in  1793;  resigned  in 
1796;  appointed  Lieutenant  of  Artillery  in  1803,  and 
joined  with  Meriwether  Lewis  in  the  Northwestern 
Exploring  Expedition,  which  left  St.  Louis,  March, 
1804,  and  returned  in  the  fall  of  1806;  kept  the  jour 
nal  of  the  expedition,  afterwards  published;  was 
then  appointed  Indian  Agent,  and  afterwards  Briga 
dier-General  of  Upper  Louisiana;  in  1822  was  ap 
pointed  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  made 
treaties  with  many  tribes;  four  of  his  brothers  were 
distinguished  in  the  Revolution,  one  fell  in  the  strug 
gle,  and  another  was  killed  by  the  Indians  on  the 
Wabash;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana  Territory  from 
1813  to  1820.  Died  in  St.  Louis,  September  1,  1838. 

Clarkson,  Matthew;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1785 
to  1786. 

Clawson,  Isaiah  D.;  was  born  in  Woodstown, 
New  Jersey,  March  30,  1822;  graduated  at  Princeton 

7 


College  in  1840;  studied  medicine  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  taking  his  degree  in  1843;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Assembly  in  1853;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Rev 
olutionary  Claims. 

Clay,  Brutus  J.;  was  born  in  Madison  County, 
Kentucky,  July  1,  1808;  was  educated  at  Danville 
College,  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  Bourbon  County 
as  a  farmer  in  1837;  in  1840  served  in  the  State  Leg 
islature;  was  subsequently  elected  President  of  the 
Bourbon  County  Agricultural  Society;  in  1853  was 
elected  President  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society; 
was  re-elected  for  four  years,  and  then  declined  a  re 
election;  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1860;  was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Kentucky, 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture,  and  as  a  member 
of  that  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  from  his  boyhood 
was  devoted  to  agriculture,  and  especially  to  the 
raising  of  choice  breeds  of  cattle. 

Clay,  Cassius  M.;  was  born  in  Madison  County, 
Kentucky,  October  19,  1810;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1832;  practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  in  1835,  1837,  and  1840,  and 
of  the  National  Whig  Convention  of  1840,  at  Harris- 
burg;  the  improved  jury  system  and  the  common 
school  system  of  Kentucky  are  principally  due  to  his 
efforts  in  the  Legislature;  was  opposed  to  the  annex 
ation  of  Texas;  stumped  the  Northern  States  for 
Henry  Clay  for  the  Presidency  in  1844;  June  3,  1845, 
issued,  in  Lexington,  The  True  American,  a  weekly 
anti-slavery  paper;  in  August  his  press  was  seized  by 
a  mob,  and  the  paper  was  afterwards  printed  in  Cin 
cinnati  and  published  in  Lexington,  whither  he  had 
removed  in  1840,  and  later  in  Louisville;  was  Captain 
in  the  Mexican  War,  and  made  prisoner  at  Encarna- 
cion,  January  23,  1847;  aided  in  nominating  Taylor 
for  the  Presidency  in  1848;  in  1849  called  a  Conven 
tion  of  Emancipationists  at  Frankfort ;  separated 
from  the  Whig  party  in  1850,  and  was  an  anti-slavery 
candidate  for  Governor,  receiving  nearly  five  thou 
sand  votes;  in  April,  1862,  was  appointed  Major- 
General  of  Volunteers;  resigned  March,  1863;  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Russia  in  1862;  a  volume  of 
his  speeches  was  edited  by  Horace  Greeley  in  1848. 

Clay,  Clement  C.J  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  December  17,  1789;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  East  Tennessee;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  removed  to  Hunts ville, 
Alabama,  in  1811,  where  he  resided  until  his  death; 
during  the  Creek  War  saw  some  service  as  a  soldier; 
practiced  his  profession  until  1817,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Council  of  Ala 
bama;  in  1819  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Circuit  Court;  in  1820  was  chosen  Chief  Justice  of 
that  Court,  and  resigned  in  1823;  in  1828  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  made  Speaker;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from 
1827  to  1835;  in  1835  was  elected  Governor  of  Ala 
bama,  serving  two  years;  in  1837  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1842.  Died 
in  Huntsville,  Alabama,  September  9,  1866. 

Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Madison, 
Alabama,  about  the  year  1819;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Alabama,  and  spent  two  years  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
the  practice  at  Huntsville,  Alabama,  in  1840;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Alabama  in  1842,  1844,  and 
1845;  was  elected  by  the  Legislature,  in  1846,  Judge 
of  the  Madison  County  Court,  serving  two  years, 
when  he  resigned;  in  1852  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 


98 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  1853  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Ala 
bama;  in  1859  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of  six 
yeai's,  receiving  every  vote  in  the  Legislature;  was 
•  expelled  from  the  Senate  March  14,  1861,  and  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  that  year;  was  subsequently 
confined  in  Fortress  Monroe  as  a  prisoner  of  state, 
but  finally  released  by  President  Johnson  on  parole. 

Clay,  Henry;  was  born  in  Hanover  County,  Vir 
ginia;,  April  12,  1777;  received  a  common  school 
education;  became,  at  an  early  age,  a  copyist  in  the 
office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  at  Rich 
mond;  at  the  age  of  nineteen  commenced  the  study 
of  law;  shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1799, 
and  soon  obtained  extensive  practice ;  began  his  politi 
cal  career  by  taking  an  active  part  in  the  election  of 
Delegates  to  frame  a  new  Constitution  for  the  State 
of  Kentucky;  in  1803  was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  in 
1806  was  appointed  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the 
remainder  of  the  term  of  General  Adair,  who  had  re 
signed;  in  1807  was  again  elected  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  Kentucky,  and  was  chosen 
Speaker;  in  the  following  year  fought  a  duel  with 
Humphrey  Marshall ;  in  1809  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
Mr.  Thurston,  resigned;  in  1811  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Representatives  ;  was  chosen 
Speaker  on  the  first  day  of  his  appearance  in 
that  body,  and  was  five  times  re-elected  to  this 
office  ;  during  this  session  his  eloquence  aroused 
the  country  to  resist  the  aggressions  of  Great 
Britain,  and  awakened  a  national  spirit;  in  1814  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  of  peace  at  Ghent;  returning  from  this  mission, 
was  re-elected  to  Congress,  and  in  1818  spoke  in  favor 
of  recognizing  the  independence  of  the  South  Ameri 
can  Republics;  in  the  same  year  put  forth  his  strength 
in  behalf  of  a  national  system  of  internal  improve 
ments;  a  monument  of  stone,  inscribed  with  his  name, 
was  erected  on  the  Cumberland  Road,  to  commem 
orate  his  services  in  behalf  of  that  improvement; 
in  the  session  of  1819-'20  he  exerted  himself  for  the 
establishment  of  protection  to  American  industry, 
and  this  was  followed  by  services  in  adjusting  the 
Missouri  Compromise;  after  the  settlement  of  these 
questions  he  withdrew  from  Congress,  in  order  to  at 
tend  to  his  private  affairs;  in  1823  returned  to  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  Speaker;  and  at  this  session 
exerted  himself  in  support  of  the  independence  of 
Greece ;  under  John  Quincy  Adams  filled  the  office  of 
Secretary  of  State;  the  attack  upon  Mr.  Adams'  ad 
ministration,  and  especially  upon  the  Secretary  of 
State,  by  John  Randolph,  led  to  a  hostile  meeting 
between  him  and  Mr.  Clay,  which  terminated  with 
out  bloodshed;  in  1829  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  in 
1831  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  where 
he  commenced  his  labors  in  favor  of  the  tariff;  in  the 
same  month  of  his  re-appearance  in  the  Senate  was 
unanimously  nominated  for  President  of  the  United 
States;  in  1836  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate,  where 
he  remained  until  1842,  when  he  resigned  and  took 
his  final  leave,  as  he  supposed,  of  that  body ;  in  1839 
was  again  nominated  for  the  Presidency,  but  General 
Harrison  was  elected;  also  received  the  nomination  in 
,  1844  for  President,  and  was  defeated  in  this  election 
tby  Mr.  Polk;  remained  in  retirement  in  Kentucky, 
until  1849,  when  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States  for  the  term  ending  in  1855; 
,here  he  devoted  all  bis  energies  to  the  measures 
(known  as  the  Compromise  Acts;  his  efforts  during 
(this  session  impaired  his  strength,  and  he  went,  for 
his  health,  to  Havana  and  New  Orleans,  but  with  no 
permanent  advantage;  returned  to  Washington,  but 
>was  unable  to  participate  in  the  active  duties  of  the 
Seriate,  and  resigned  his  seat,  to  take  effect  upon  the 


6th  of  September,  1852.  Died  in  Washington  City, 
June  29,  1852.  He  was  interested  in  the  success  of 
the  Colonization  Society,  and  was  for  a  long  time  one 
of  its  most  efficient  officers,  and  also  its  President; 
his  "Life  and  Letters, "  and  also,  his  "Speeches," 
were  published  in  several  volumes  by  the  late  Calvin 
Colton. 

Clay,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Washington  City, 
November  9,  1817;  received  a  classical  education  at 
Transylvania  University,  in  Kentucky,  and  at  the 
age  of  fifteen  went  to  Boston,  where  he  spent  two 
years  in  a  counting-house;  from  Boston  emigrated  to 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  then  a  city  of  only  eight  thou 
sand  people,  and  settled  upon  a  farm;  when  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  returned  to  Kentucky;  after  spend 
ing  two  years  in  the  manufacturing  business,  gradu 
ated  at  the  Law  School  of  Lexington,  and  practiced 
law  as  the  partner  of  his  father,  the  Honorable  Henry 
Clay,  \intil  1849;  during  that  year  President  Taylor 
appointed  him  Charge.  d'Affa  ires  to  Lisbon ;  having  re 
turned  home  by  order  of  the  Government,  was  men 
tioned  by  name  in  President  Fillmore's  Message  of 
1850;  in  1851  again  took  up  his  residence  in  Missouri; 
returned  to  Kentucky  in  1853,  when  he  became  the 
proprietor  of  Ashland;  was  elected  to  Congress  in 
1857,  serving  one  term  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs;  was  a  member  of  the  Peace  Convention  of 
1861,  held  in  Washington;  was  identified  with  the 
Rebellion  of  1861.  Died  in  Montreal,  January  26, 
1864. 

Clay,  James  F.;  was  born  at  Henderson,  Ken 
tucky,  October  29,  1840;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Georgetown  College,  Kentucky, 
in  186§;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1861,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Henderson;  was  a 
State  Senator  from  1872  to  1875;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Clay,  John  Randolph  ;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1808;  spent  his  youth  with 
his  god-father,  John  Randolph,  in  Virginia;  in  1830 
went  to  Russia  as  Secretary  of  Legation;  in  1836 
was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  same  country ; 
in  1838  was  made  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Austria ; 
in  1845  went  back  to  Russia  in  the  same  capacity;  in 
1847  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Peru,  and  in 
1853  raised  to  the  rank  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
to  the  same  country,  remaining  there  until  1860, 
when  he  returned  to  the  United  States;  he  was  the 
son  of  Joseph  Clay. 

Clay,  Joseph ;  was  a  member  of  the  Revolution 
ary  Committee  of  1774  and  1775;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1780, 
when  he  resigned;  was  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
Georgia  from  1796  to  1801;  was  Paymaster-General 
of  the  Southern  Department  during  the  Revolution. 
Died  at  Savannah,  Georgia,  January,  1805.  His  son, 
bearing  the  same  name,  was  a  prominent  Judge  and 
Baptist  preacher.  Another  son,  John  Randolph,  was 
distinguished  as  a  diplomat. 

Clay,  Matthew ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1813.  Died  in  1815. 

Clay,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  1803,  in  Ken 
tucky,  and  son  of  Henry  Clay;  in  1862  was  appointed 
Minister  Resident  to  Nicaragua,  where  he  remained 
until  1866 ;  during  the  same  period  was  accredited  as 
Minister  to  Honduras.  Died  in  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky,  March  18,  1871. 

Clayton,  Alexander  M.;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  Arkansas  when  it  was  a  Territory;  in  1835  was 
appointed  one  of  the  United  States  Judges  for  that 
district. 


BIOGRAPHICAjr  ANNALS. 


nn        » 


Clayton,  Augustin  S.;  was  born  in  Fredericks^ 
burg,  Virginia,  November  27,  1783;  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia;  read  law,  and  practiced  it 
with  eminent  success;  served  iu  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1829;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1831  to  1835; 
was  for  many  years  skeptical  on  the  subject  of  the 
Christian  religion,  but  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a 
sincere  believer,  and  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church;  he  acquired  some  distinction  as 
a  politician,  and  the  political  pamphlet  called 
"  Crockett's  Life  of  Van  Buren,"  is  said  to  have  been 
the  production  of  his  pen.  Died  at  Athens,  Georgia, 
June  21,  1839. 

Clayton,  Charles ;  was  born  in  England  in  1825; 
was  well  educated;  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1842; 
crossed  the  Eocky  Mountains  to  Oregon  in  1847;  ar 
rived  in  San  Francisco  in  1848 ;  was  Alcade  in  Santa 
Clara  in  1849;  built  the  flour  mills  there  in  1852;  re 
moved  to  San  Francisco  in  1853,  and  engaged  in  the 
grain  and  flour  business;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1863,  1864,  1865,  and  1866;  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  San  Francisco  from 
1864  to  1869;  in  1870  was  appointed  Surveyor  of 
Customs  of  the  port  and  district  of  San  Francisco ; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  the  Centennial 
Celebration. 

Clayton,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Delaware,  July  24,  1796;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1815;  was  bred  to  the  bar,  having  studied  law  in 
1he  office  of  John  Clayton,  and  for  a  time  in  the  Law 
School  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut;  commenced  prac 
tice  in  1818,  and  soon  attained  eminence  in  his  pro 
fession;  in  1824  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
iind  subsequently  Secretary  of  State  of  Delaware;  in 
1829  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress;  was  re-elected 
in  1835;  resigned  in  December,  1836;  in  January, 
1837,  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Delaware, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1839;  was  again  elected  to 
,the  Federal  Senate  in  1845,  and  was  a  Senator  until 
1849,  when  he  became  Secretary  of  State  under 
President  Taylor,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
the  death  of  Taylor,  in  July,  1850;  during  this 
period  negotiated  the  famous  Clayton-Bui wer  Treaty; 
was  for  the  third  time  elected  to  the  Senate;  took  his 
seat  March,  1851;  died  a  Senator,  November  9,  1856. 
During  his  last  term  in  the  Senate,  he  vindicated, 
with  marked  ability,  the  principles  of  the  treaty 
which  he  inaugurated.  At  the  bar  he  was  a  learned 
lawyer  and  eloquent  advocate,  and  during  his  whole 
public  career  acquitted  himself  uprightly,  with 
dignity,  and  with  recognized  ability. 

Clayton,  Joshua;  was  a  native  of  Delaware; 
practiced  medicine  for  many  years;  during  the  scarcity 
-of  Peruvian  bark  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  suc 
cessfully  substituted  for  it  in  his  practice  a  mixture 
of  poplar  and  the  root  of  the  dogwood,  in  nearly 
«qual  parts,  and  half  the  quantity  of  the  interior  of 
the  white  oak;  was  President  of  Delaware  from  1789  to 
1793 ;  Governor  from  1793  to  1796 ;  was  chosen  Senator 
of  the  United  States  in  1798.  Died  in  Delaware, 
in  August  of  that  year. 

Clayton,  Philip;  was  born  in  Georgia;  received 
a  liberal  education;  went  to  Washington  in  1849, 
under  the  patronage  of  Howell  Cobb,  and  was  made 
Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  Department,  where 
he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
remaining  in  that  office  until  1861,  when  he  retired  to 
take  part  in  the  Rebellion. 


Clayton,  Powell ;  was  born  in  Delaware  County 
Pennsylvania,  August  7,  1833 ;  received  his  education 
at  Partridge's  Military  Academy,  Bristol,  Pennsyl 
vania;  studied  civil  engineering  at  Wilmington,  Dela 
ware,  and  followed  it  as  a  profession;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  Kansas,  May  29,  1861,  as  Captain  of 
the  First  Kansas  Infantry;  was  appointed  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  of  Cavalry  in.  1862;  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  same  in  1862;  commissioned  Brigadier-General 
in  1864;  settled  in  Arkansas  at  the  close  of  the  war  as 
a  planter;  was  elected  Governor  in  1868;  United 
States  Senator  in  1871,  for  the  term  ending  in  1877, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Territories,  Engrossed 
Bills,  Levees,  Political  Disabilities,  and  Military 
Aifairs. 

Clayton,  Thomas;  was  born  in  1778;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  ironi  Delaware  from  1813 
to  1817;  United  States  Senator  from  1823  to  1826,  and 
again  from  1837  to  1847;  was,  at  different  periods,  a 
member  of  the  Delaware  Legislature,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  of  the  Superior 
Court.  Died  in  New  Castle,  Delaware,  August  21, 
1854,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Cleaveland,  J.  P.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1836  to  1839;  subsequently 
removed  to  Charleston,  where  he  became  a  merchant. 
Died  May  19,  1841. 

Clemens,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  Huntsville, 
Alabama,  December  28,  1814;  was  educated  at  La 
Grange  College  and  the  University  of  Alabama; 
studied  law  at  the  University  of  Transylvania,  in 
Kentucky;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834;  in  1838 
was  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for  the  North 
ern  District  of  Alabama;  in  1839, 1840,  and  1841,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1842  raised  a  com 
pany  of  Volunteer  troops  and  went  to  Texas,  having 
been  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  subsequently 
appointed  to  the  same  office  in  the  Regular  Army ;  in 

1843  and  1844  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature;  in 

1844  was  a  Presidential   Elector;  in  1848  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  the  Civil  and  Military  Department 
of  Purchase  in  Mexico,  which  position  he  held  until 
the  close  of  the  war;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Alabama  from  1849  to    1853;   wa£   a    Presidential 
Elector  in  1856;  as  an  author  Mr.  Clemens  published 
two  novels,  entitled   ' '  Bernard  Lile ' '  and    Mustang 
Gray,"  the  first  in  1853  and  the  last  in  1857;  was 
subsequently  an  editor.     Died  in  Huntsville,  May  21, 
1865. 

Clemens,  Sherrard ;  was  born  at  Wheeling,  Vir 
ginia,  April  28,  1826;  graduated  at  Washington  Col 
lege,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  dur 
ing  political  campaigns  held  several  confidential  posi 
tions  in  his  native  State;  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress  from  December,  1852,  to  March,  1853;  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures  and  Revolutionary  Pen- 
sio'ns;  in  1856  was  chosen  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1859  was  wounded  in  a  duel  fought  with  Mr.  Wise, 
and  was  prevented  from  attending  the  second  session 
of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Commerce;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Clements,  Andrew  J.;  was  born  in  Jackson 
County,  Tennessee,  in  1832;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Tennessee  in  1858,  after  which  he  prac 
ticed  his  profession;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Tennessee  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress ; 
in  1866  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee. 

Clements,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Indiana,  in  1837;  graduated  at  the  Greencastle  Col- 


100 


BIOGRAPHICAL     A  X  N  A  L  S  . 


lege  in  1859,  paying  his  own  way  by  teaching;  stud 
ied  law;  removed  to  Illinois,  and  taught  school;  en 
tered  the  Union  Army,  as  Second  Lieutenant  of  In 
fantry,  in  1861,  and  remained  in  the  service  three 
years,  during  which  he  was  wounded  three  times  and 
was  twice  promoted  ' '  for  meritorious  services ; ' '  was 
appointed  Register  in  Bankruptcy  in  June,  1867 ;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Patents. 

Clements,  Judson  C.;  was  born  in  Walker 
County,  Georgia,  February  12,  1846;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  studied  law  at  Cumberland 
University,  Tennessee;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1869,  and  commenced  practice  at  La  Fayette,  Georgia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature, 
in  1872,  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1874;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1877;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Clements,  Newton  N.;  was  born  in  Tuskaloosa 
County,  Alabama,  December  23,  1837:  received  a 
classical  education  at  the  University  of  .'  bania  and 
Harvard  University,  Massachusetts;  studied  law,  but 
never  practiced;  entered  the  Confederate  Army,  in 
1861,  as  a  Captain,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
was  a  planter  and  manufacturer;  was  President  of 
the  Tuskaloosa  Manufacturing  Company;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Legislature  of  Alabama  in  1870, 
1871,  1872,  1874,  1875,  1876,  1877,  and  1878;  the  last 
three  years  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  Burwell  B.  Lewis. 

Clemson,  Thomas  GK;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  received  a  superior  education,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  study  of  chemistry;  was  Cliarge  d' Affaires 
to  Belgium  from  1844  to  1851;  subsequently  resided 
in  Maryland  near  Washington ;  having  married  the 
daughter  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  became  a  resident  of 
South  Carolina. 

Clendenen,  David;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1814  to  1815,  in  place  of 
R.  Beall,  resigned,  and  again  from  1815  to  1817. 

Cleveland,  Chauncey  F.;  was  born  in  Hamp 
ton,  Connecticut,  in  1799;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  that  vicinity;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  was  in  the  Connecticut 
Legislature  in  1826,  1827,  1828,  1829,  1832,  1835, 
1836,  1838,  1847,  and  1848,  and  was  twice  elected  to 
Speaker;  was  appointed  Attorney  for  the  State  in 
1832;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut  in  1842  and  1843; 
received  from  Yale  College  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853;  a 
member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861;  Presidential 
Elector  in  1860. 

Cleveland,  Grover ;  was  born  at  Caldwell,  New 
Jersey,  March  18,  1837;  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education ;  was  a  clerk  in  New  York 
City  one  year;  in  1855  went  to  Buffalo,  New  York, 
and  became  a  clerk  in  the  employ  of  an  uncle;  stud 
ied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Buffalo;  was  Assistant 
District  Attorney,  by  appointment,  from  1863  to 
1866;  in  1870  was  elected  Sheriff;  in  1881  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Buffalo;  in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  York  for  the  term  of  three  years  from  January, 
1883;  in  November,  1884,  was  elected  President  of 
the  United  States,  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office 
March  4,  1885. 


Cleveland,  Orestes  ;  was  born  in  Duanesburg, 
Schenectady  County,  New  York,  March  2,  1829;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  settled  in  New 
York  City  as  a  merchant,  and  subsequently  in  Jer 
sey  City  as  a  manufacturer;  was  in  the  Citv  Councils 
in  1861  and  1862;  President  of  the  Board" of  Alder 
men  one  year;  was  Mayor  of  the  city  in  1864,  1865, 
and  1866;  rendered  the  Union  cause  some  financial 
help  in  1864,  on  his  individual  guarantee;  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  New  Jersey,  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Terri 
tories  and  Manufactures. 

Clever,  Charles  P.;  was  born  in  Cologne,  Prov 
ince  of  Russia,  Germany,  February  23,  1830;  was 
educated  at  the  Gymnasium  of  Cologne  and  Univer 
sity  of  Bonn;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  re 
moved  to  New  Mexico  and  practiced  there  with  suc 
cess;  filled  the  offices  in  that  Territory  of  United 
States  Marshal,  Attorney-General,  Adjutant-General, 
as  well  as  several  others;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
New  Mexico  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  in  1868  pub 
lished  a  small  work  on  the  Resources  of  New  Mexico ; 
his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  J.  F.  Chavez, 
who  was  admitted  during  the  last  month  of  the  For 
tieth  Congress. 

Clifford,  John  Henry ;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  January  16,  1809;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1827;  was  a  lawyer  in  New  Bedford; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1835;  Attorney- 
General  of  Massachusetts  from  1849  to  1853,  and 
from  1854  to  1858;  Governor  of  the  State  in  1853  and 
1854;  President  of  the  State  Senate  in  1862.  Died  at 
New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  January  2,  1876. 

Clifford,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  Rumney,  Graf- 
ton  County,  New  Hampshire,  August  18,  1803;  fitted 
himself  for  college  at  the  Haverhill  Academy,  and 
completed  his  education  at  the  Hampton  Literary  In 
stitution;  studied  law,  and,  after  being  admitted  to 
the  bar,  removed  to  Maine  in  1827;  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  from  York  County,  in  1830,  and  re- 
elected  for  three  years,  during  the  last  two  occupying 
the  post  of  Speaker;  in  1834  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  for  the  State  of  Maine,  which  office  he  held 
four  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1839  to  1843;  in  1846  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  which 
office,  he  held  until  March,  1847,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  to  Mexico;  when  peace  was 
declared  between  this  country  and  Mexico  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  that  Republic;  on  his  return  to 
the  United  States  settled  in  Portland,  devoting  him 
self  to  his  profession;  in  1858  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Clift,  Joseph  W.;  was  born  in  Marshfield,  Mass 
achusetts,  September  1,  1836;  was  educated  at  Phil 
lips'  Academy  at  Andover,  where  he  partially  lost 
his  sight;  was  engaged  in  the  business  of  building 
from  1854  to  1857;  removed  to  Georgia  in  1857;  stud 
ied  medicine  at  Atlanta;  graduated  at  the  Harvard 
Medical  School  in  1862;  served  in  the  army  as  a  sur 
geon,  and  saw  much  service;  in  1865  settled  at  Sa 
vannah,  and  practiced  his  profession;  in  1867,  was 
appointed  Register  of  that  city;  was  elected  in  1868 
a  Representative,  from  Georgia,  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

Clinch,  Duncan  L.;  was  a  General  in  the  United 
States  Army;  from  1843  to  1845  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Georgia;  he  was  a  brave  soldier 
and  noble-hearted  man.  Died  at  Macon,  Georgia 
October  28,  1849. 


\    •*•».!. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    A  N X  A L S . 


101 


Clingan,  "William  ;  was  a  Delegate,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1777  to 
1779,  and  was  a  signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L.;  was  born  in  Hnntsville, 
Surry  County,  North  Carolina;  graduated  at  Chapel 
Hill  University;  studied  law,  but  just  as  he  was 
about  to  enter  upon  the  practice  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Commons  of  the  State;  on  his  retirement 
from  the  Legislature,  in  1836,  removed  to  Ashville, 
in  Buncombe  County;  was  soon  after  elected  to  a 
seat  in  the  State  Senate  of  North  Carolina;  in  1843 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and,  with  the  exception  of 
one  term,  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives  until  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  when  he  .was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Att'airs;  on  the  resignation  of  A.  Biggs,  was  appointed 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  in  November,  1858,  his 
appointment  was  confirmed  by  the  Legislature;  made 
contributions  to  the  science  of  geology  and  mineral 
ogy,  and  brought  to  light  many  facts  connected  with 
the  mountains  of  North  Carolina,  one  of  the  highest 
peaks  of  which  it  was  his  fortune  to  explore  and 
measure,  and  which  now  bears  his  name ;  took  part 
in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  Colonel,  having  been 
expelled  from  the  Senate  in  July,  1861,  to  which  he 
had  been  re-elected  for  the  term  commencing  in 
March,  1861 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Con 
vention  of  1868. 

Clinton,  De  Witt ;  was  born  at  Little  Britain, 
in  Orange  County,  New  York,  March  2,  1769; 
graduated  at  Columbia  College,  with  the  highest 
honors,  in  1786;  studied  law,  but  did  not  engage 
much  in  its  practice ;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of 
New  York  in  1799;  in  July,  1802,  fought  a  duel  with 
Mr.  Swartwout,  arising  from  a  political  controversy 
concerning  Mr.  Burr;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1802  to  1803;  was  chosen  Mayor  of  New 
York  in  1803,  holding  this  office  until  1815,  except 
ing  the  years  1807  and  1810;  while  Mayor,  was  also 
for  several  years  a  State  Senator,  and  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor;  under  his  auspices,  the  Historical  Society 
of  New  York,  of  which  he  was  at  one  time  President, 
and  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  were  incorporated,  the 
New  York  City  Hall  was  founded,  the  Orphan  As- 
lum  established,  and  the  city  fortified;  took  a  great 
interest,  as  early  as  1817,  in,  and  did  more  than  any 
other  man  in  behalf  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  that  great 
work  was  finished  during  his  administration  as  Gov 
ernor,  in  1825;  in  1812  consented  to  become  the  can 
didate  of  the  Peace  party  for  the  Presidency  of  the 
United  States;  in  1823  and  1824  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Canal  Commissioners,  and  during  the  latter 
year  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State,  and  in  1826 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office;  afterwards  declined 
the  embassy  to  England,  offered  to  him  by  President 
Adams.  Died  at  Albany,  February  11,  1828. 

Clinton,  George ;  was  born  in  Ulster  County, 
New  York,  July  26,  1739;  commenced  life  by  sailing 
as  a  privateer;  served  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  expedi 
tion  against  Fort  Frontenac;  afterwards  studied  law; 
was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  also  of 
the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775;  was  appointed  a 
Brigadier-General  in  1777;  was  Governor  of  New 
York  for  eighteen  years;  from  1795  to  1800  lived  in 
retirement;  was  again  chosen  Governor  in  1804;  was 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  during 
the  year  1804,  and  retained  the  office  until  his  death, 
consequently  officiating  as  President  of  the  Senate  a 
period  of  eight  years.  Died  at  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia,  April  20,  1812. 

Clinton,  George,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1801 


and  1802;  was  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1804  to  1809. 

Clinton,  James  G.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1841  to  1845. 

Clinton,  Thomas;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1827  to  1831,  and  for  a  second  term  from  1833 
to  1835. 

Clop  ton,  David;  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1820; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures ;  resigned  in  Feb 
ruary,  1861,  to  take  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  that 
year. 

Clopton,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1795  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1801  to  1816.  Died  September  11,  1816. 

Clowney,  Williaki  K.;  was  born  in  South  Car 
olina;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in 
1828;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  Com 
missioner  in  Equity  of  South  Carolina;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  again  from  1837  to  1839. 

Clymer,  George  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1739;  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution;  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  early  espoused  the  cause  of 
his  country;  in  1773  resolutely  opposed  the  sale  of 
tea  sent  out  by  the  British  Government,  and  not  a 
pound  was  sold  in  Philadelphia;  in  1775  was  one  of 
the  first  Continental  Treasurers ;  in  1776  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence;  in  1774  his  furniture  was  destroyed  by  the 
enemy;  in  1780  co-operated  with  Robert  Morris  in 
the  establishment  of  a  bank  for  the  relief  of  the 
country;  was  a  member  of  the  old  Congress  in  1780, 
and  a  Representative,  under  the  Constitution,  from 
1789  to  1791,  from  Pennsylvania;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Federal  Consti 
tution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  in  1791  was 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  Excise  Department  in  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1796  was  sent  to  Georgia  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  with  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians;  was  af 
terwards  President  of  the  Philadelphia  Bank  and  of 
the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts.  Died  at  Morrisville, 
Bucks  County,  January  23,  1813. 

Clymer,  Hiester;  was  born  in  Berks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  November  3,  1827;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1847;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  pursued  his 
profession  in  that  county  until  1851;  removed  to 
Pottsville,  and  there  practiced  until  1856,  when  he 
settled  in  Reading;  in  1860  represented  Berks  Coun 
ty  in  the  Board  of  Revenue  Commissioners  of  the 
State;  in  the  same  year  attended  the  National  Demo 
cratic  Convention  in  Charleston  and  Baltimore;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Pennsylvania  from 
October,  1860,  until  he  resigned,  when  nominated, 
in  1866,  a  candidate  for  Governor  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1868  again  represented  his  District  in  the  Demo 
cratic  Convention  which  met  at  New  York;  in  1870 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Pub 
lic  Charities;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed 
Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Library  and  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  War  Department;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses.  Died  June 
12,  1884. 

Cobb,  Amasa ;  was  born  in  Crawford  County, 
Illinois,  September  27,  1823;  received  a  common 


102 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


school  education;  emigrated  to  Wisconsin  Territory 
in  1842;  spent  five  years  in  the  lead-mining  business; 
served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  a  private  soldier;  read 
law,  and  at  the  end  of  the  war  began  its  practice ;  in 
1850  was  elected  a  District  Attorney,  and  served  four 
years;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
served  two  years;  in  1855  was  appointed  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State,  and  again  in  1857;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1860;  re-elected  in  1861, 
and  chosen  Speaker;  in  1861  and  1862  served  in  the 
Volunteer  service  as  Colonel  of  the  Fifth  Wisconsin 
Regiment;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia,  and  Chairman 
of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Enrolled  bills ;  during  the 
recess  of  Congress  was  again  commissioned  a  Colonel, 
and  raised  the  Forty-third  Regiment  of  Wisconsin 
Volunteers,  which  he  commanded  until  July,  1865, 
when  he  was  mustered  out;  was  bre vetted  for  gal 
lant  services  at  Williamsburg,  Golden's  Farm,  and 
Antietam;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Enrolled  Bills,  District 
of  Columbia,  and  Mines  and  Mining;  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Claims,  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds,  and  Military  Affairs. 

Cobb,  Clinton  L.;  was  born  in  Elizabeth  City, 
North  Carolina,  August  25,  1842;  attended  school; 
and  then  went  into  a  counting-room;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  was  a  candi 
date  for  Congress  in  1868,  but  withdrew  in  favor  of 
J.  R.  French;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty- 
second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  War  Claims, 
and  Chairman  of  Freedmen's  Affairs. 

Oobb,  David  ;  was  born  in  Attleborough,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  14,  1748 ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1776,  and  adopted  the  medical  profession; 
served  in  the  Revolution  in  1777,  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  served  as  an  Aid  to  General  Washington 
with  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Brevet  Brigadier-General ;  after  the  war  was  made 
Judge  of  a  County  Court;  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature,  and  served  as  Speaker  from  1789  to  1793;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1793  to  1795;  was  President  of  the  State  Senate 
from  1801  to  1805;  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State 
in  1809;  a  State  Councilor  in  1808,  and  from  1812  to 
1818;  was  subsequently  appointed  Major-General  of 
the  State  Militia.  Died  April  17,  1830. 

Cobb,  George  T.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  In 
valid  Pensions. 

Cobb,  Howell ;  the  uncle  of  Secretary  Cobb,  and 
for  whom  the  latter  was  named;  was  born  in  Gran- 
ville,  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1807  to  1812;  during  the  last 
war  with  England  served  with  credit  as  a  Captain  in 
the  army,  and  after  peace  was  declared  settled  upon 
a  plantation,  and  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  ag 
riculture.  Died  about  the  year  1820. 

Cobb,  Howell ;  was  born  at  Cherry  Hill,  in  Jef 
ferson  County,  Georgia,  September  7,  1815;  when  a 
child,  his  father  removed  to  Athens,  Georgia,  where 
he  subsequently  resided;  graduated  at  Franklin  Col 
lege  in  1834;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1836;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  that  year; 
in  1837  received  the  appointment  of  Solicitor-General 
of  the  Western  Circuit,  which  office  he  held  four  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1842;  re- 
elected  in  1844,  1846,  and  1848,  and  during  his  latter 


term  was  elected  Speaker;  on  his  retirement  from 
Congress,  was  chosen  Governor  of  Georgia;  in  1855 
was  again  elected  to  Congress;  on  the  accession  of 
Mr.  Buchanan  to  the  Presidency,  went  into  his  cabi 
net  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
so-called  Confederate  Congress,  and  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral.  Died  in  New  York  City,  October  9,  1868. 

Cobb,  B.  W.;  was  born  at  Ashville,  Alabama, 
February  25,  1829;  was  educated  at  the  University  at 
Knoxville,  Tennessee;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  1855;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1872; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1875;  was  re-elected  State  Senator  in  1876, 
and  was  elected  President  of  the  Senate ;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Alabama  in  1878,  and  re-elected  in  1880, 
serving  until  1882. 

Cobb,  Stephen  Alonzo;  was  born  in  Madison, 
Maine,  June  17,  1833;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Minnesota  in  1850;  worked  in  the 
lumbering  business  for  four  years,  while  preparing 
for  college;  entered  Beloit  College  in  1854;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1858;  settled  in  W'yandotte, 
Kansas,  in  1859,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  the 
law;  entered  the  army  in  1862,  served  through  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was 
Mayor  of  Wyandotte  in  1862  and  1868;  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1862, 1869,  and  1870;  Speaker  of 
the  House  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Post  Roads 
and  the  State  Department. 

Cobb,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  Lawrence  Coun 
ty,  Indiana,  July  2,  1828;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  at 
tended  the  Bloomington  University;  studied  law,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Bedford,  Indiana,  in  1853;  was 
a  State  Senator  from  1858  to  1866;  removed  to  Vin- 
cennes,  Indiana,  in  1867;  was  President  of  the  Dem 
ocratic  State  Convention  in  1876,  and  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  that  year; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty -sixth,  and  Forty  -  seventh  Con 
gresses;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and 
again  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Cobb,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  Georgia,  in  1784;  attained  a  high  position  as 
a  lawyer ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1817  to  1821,  and  again  from  1823  to 
1824;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1824  to  1828; 
was  subsequently  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court;  died  in  Greensborough,  February  1, 1830.  He 
was  the  author  of  many  political  essays. 

Cobb,  "Williamson  B.  "W.;  was  born  in  Ray 
County,  Tennessee,  in  1807;  in  1809  his  father  re 
moved  to  Madison  County,  Alabama,  with  the  pros 
perity  of  which  State  his  name  was  identified  for 
many  years ;  received  a  good  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming;  from 
this  pursuit  was  called  in  1845  to  a  seat  in  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  remained  two  years;  in  1847 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ala 
bama,  in  which  capacity  he  served  his  adopted  State 
by  successive  re-elections  down  to  1860;  during  eight 
years  of  his  Congressional  career  officiated  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Unfinished  Business,  and 
the  remainder  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Lands;  the  credit  is  awarded  him 
of  having  engineered  through  Congress  the  Bounty 
Land  Bill  of  1850,  and  the  Graduation  Bill  of  1854; 
was  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  pistol,  in 
Alabama,  in  November,  1864.  He  had  served  in  the 
Confederate  Congress,  but  was  expelled  therefrom  oa 
account  of  disloyalty  to  the  Confederacy. 


B  I  O  <;  K  A  r  H  I  C  A  L     ANNALS. 


103 


Coburn,  Abner;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  that  State  from  1862  to  1863. 

Coburn,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  was 
well  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law, 
which  he  abandoned  in  1784;  removed  to  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  in 
1794  removed  to  Mason  County,  and  was  soon  after 
appointed  Judge  of  the  District  Court  ;  upon  the 
re-organization  of  the  courts  was  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  which  office  he  held  until  1805;  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  by 
President  Jefferson,  but  declined ;  was  then  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  and 
held  his  courts  in  St.  Louis;  resigned  in  1809,  and 
was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Collector  of 
Revenue  for  the  Fourth  District  of  Kentucky,  which 
office  he  held  for  several  years;  and  was  the  last  pub 
lic  position  he  held;  in  1813  joined  Governer  Shelby 
as  a  member  of  his  staff,  and  held  the  post  for  a  short 
time.  Died  in  February,  1823. 

Coburn,  John  ;  was  born  in  Indianapolis,  Indi 
ana,  October  27,  1825;  graduated  at  Wabash  College 
in  1846;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1850  and  1851 ; 
was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  the 
Twelfth  District  from  1859  to  1861;  resigned,  and 
served  in  the  army  during  the  Rebellion,  first  as 
Colonel  of  the  Thirty-third  Regiment  Indiana  Vol 
unteers;  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services;  was 
with  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  having  gone 
with  General  Sherman  to  Atlanta,  received  in  per 
son  the  surrender  of  that  city;  in  October,  1865,  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Indi 
ana,  which  office,  he  resigned  in  August,  1866 ;  in  the 
subsequent  autumn  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Indiana,  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Banking  and  Currency  and  Pub 
lic  Expenditures;  re-elected  to  the  three  subsequent 
Congresses,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs  and  Public  Expenditures. 

Coburn,  Stephen  ;  was  born  in  Maine;  in  Jan 
uary,  1861,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Israel  Washburn,  Jr.,  resigned. 

Cochran,  Alexander  G-.;  was  born  in  Allegheny 
City,  Pennsylvania,  March  20,  1845;  was  educated 
in  his  native  city  and  at  Phillips'  Academy,  Andover, 
Massachusetts;  left  school  in  1861;  entered  the 
Columbia  Law  School  in  1864  ;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1866,  and  practiced  in  Pittsburg;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Pennsylvania,  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Cochran,  James;  was  a  Major  of  Militia;  rep 
resented  the  State  of  New  York  in  Congress  from 
1797  to  1799.  Died  at  Oswego,  New  York,  Novem 
ber  7,  1848,  aged  seventy-nine  years.  He  was  at  one 
time  Postmaster  of  Oswego.  • 

Cochran,  John  P.;  was  Governor  of  Delaware 
from  1875  to  1879. 

Cochrane,  Clark  B.;  was  born  in  New  Boston, 
New  Hampshire,  May  31,  1815;  graduated  at  Union 
College,  Schenectady,  New  York;  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  1843 
and  1844;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-filth 
Congress  from  New  York,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864; 
again  elected  to  the  Assembly  in  1865.  Died  at 
Albany,  March  5,  1867,. 


Cochrane,  John;  was  born  at  Palatine,  Mont 
gomery  County,  New  York;  studied  at  Union  College 
and  graduated  at  Hamilton  College,  New  York;  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  Surveyor  of  the  port  of 
New  York  for  four  years;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  acting  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce;  also  served  as  a  General  of  Volunteers  in 
the  Union  Army  in  1861  and  1862;  was  subsequently 
elected  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of  New  York; 
in  1864  was  nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States,  on  the  ticket  with  J.  C.  Fre 
mont;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National 
Union  Convention  "  of  1866,  and  that  of  Chicago  in 
1868;  in  1869  was  appointed  Revenue  Collector  for 
the  Sixth  District  of  New  York. 

Cocke,  John  ;  was  born  in  Brunswick  County, 
Virginia,  1772;  in  early  life  emigrated  to  Tennessee; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  became  a  member 
of  the  first  Legislature  of  the  State,  in  1796;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  for  many  years;  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Senate;  from  1819  to  1827  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  his  adopted  State.  Died 
in  Grand  v  County,  Tennessee,  February  16,  1854. 

Cocke,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  partic 
ipated  in  the  military,  civil,  legislative,  and  judicial 
services  of  that  State;  on  removing  to  Tennessee,  be 
came  a  General  of  Militia;  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1813 ;  became  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
in  1797,  but  was  superseded  by  A.  Jackson;  was 
again  a  Senator  from  1799  to  1805;  in  1814  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  Indian  Agent  for  the 
Clyckasaw  nation. 

Cocke,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1845  to  1849. 

Cockerill,  Joseph  R.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
removed  to  Ohio ;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  Expenses  in  the 
War  Department.  Died  at  West  Union,  Ohio,  Octo 
ber  23,  1875. 

Cockran,  James;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1809  to  1813. 

CocKrell,  Francis  Marion ;  was  born  near  War- 
rensburg,  Missouri,  October  1,  1834;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education,  but  finished  his  studies  at 
Chapel  Hill  College,  in  Lafayette  County,  Missouri, 
an  institution  belonging  to  the  Cumberland  Presby 
terian  Church;  worked  upon  his  father's  farm;  studied 
law,  and  on  coming  to  the  bar  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  the  profession ;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Missouri  for  the  term  ending  in  1881 ; 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1887. 

Coffee,  John ;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  in  Telfair  County, 
of  that  State,  September  25,  1836. 

Coffey,  Titian  J.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
educated  for  the  legal  profession;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  holding  the  position  until  1864. 

Coffin,  Charles  GK;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1838  to  1839;  subsequently 
settled  in  Cincinnati  as  a  lawyer. 

Coffin,  Peleg1;  was  born  September,  1756;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1793  to  1795;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 


104 


BIOGRAPHICAL     A  N  N  A  L  S  . 


Senate;  was  State  Treasurer  from  1797  to  1802.     Died 
March  6,  1805. 

Coffroth,  Alexander  H.;- was  born  in  Somerset, 
Somerset  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  18,  1828;  was 
self-educated;  read  law,  and  commenced  the  practice 
in  1851 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Convention 
in  1860;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  served  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  on 
Expenditures  in  the  Interior*  Department;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions,  but  his  seat  was  suc 
cessfully  contested  by  Mr.  Koontz;  in  1867  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  an  Assessor  of  Inter 
nal  Revenue;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  of  1872;  was  again  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Coggeshall,  William  T.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  a  resident  of  Philadelphia;  subsequently 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  was  connected 
with  the  press;  became  State  Librarian  of  Ohio; 
afterwards  identified  himself  with  the  Springfield 
Republican  and  the  Columbus  Journal;  in  1866  was 
appointed  Minister  Resident  at  Ecuador,  where  he 
died  August  2,  1867. 

Coghlan,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  December  8,  1835;  removed  to  Illinois  in 
1847,  and  in  1850  emigrated  to  California;  was  self- 
educated  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  member  of 
the  California  Legislature  in  1865;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress  as  a  Representative  of  his 
adopted  State,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims  and  Naval  Affairs. 

Ooit,  Joshua ;  was  born  in  New  London,  Connec 
ticut,  October?,  1758;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1776;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  New  London 
in  1779;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1793  to  1798;  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut.  Died  in  New 
London,  September  5,  1798,  of  yellow  fever. 

Coke,  Richard ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  possessed  talents  of  a  high  order,  and  an  energy 
seldom  equaled;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1829  to  1833,  and  for  many  years 
a  prominent  member  of  the  bar.  Died  in  Abingdon 
Virginia,  March  30,  1851. 

Coke,  Richard;  was  born  at  Williamsbtirg,  Vir 
ginia,  March  13,  1829;  was  educated  at  William  and 
Mary  College;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850,  and  settled  at  Waco,  Texas,  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as 
a  commissioned  officer;  was  appointed  District  Judge 
in  1865;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  State  Su 
preme  Court;  after  serving  one  year  was  removed 
under  the  Reconstruction  Act;  in  1873  was  elected 
Governor  of  Texas,  and  was  re-elected  in  1876;  re 
signed  in  1877,  having  been  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Texas  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1877;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1889. 

Colby,  A.;  was  born  in  New  London,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1793;  early  took  a  special  interest  in  local 
military  affairs;  in  1828  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  served  through  twelve  terms;  in 
1846  became  Governor  of  New  Hampshire;  in  1801 
was  made  Adjutant- General  of  the  State;  was  sub 
sequently  a  Provost-Marshal;  a  Trustee  of  Dartmouth 
College;  founded  an  academy  at  New  London;  also 
endowed  a  Baptist  Literary  and  Theological  Institu 
tion  in  that  town.  Died  there  July  20,  1873. 


Colby,  Stoddard  B.;  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1816;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1836; 
studied  law  and  practiced  the  profession  at  Mont- 
pelier;  in  1864  was  appointed  Register  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  at  Washington.  Died  September  21, 
1867,  in  Haverhill,  New  Hampshire. 

Colcock,  William  F.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1823; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  and  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Colden,  Cadwallader  D.;  was.  for  many  years, 
a  prominent  member  of  the  New  York  bar;  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  that  State;  held  the  post  of  District 
Attorney  of  the  United  States  for  many  years;  was  at 
one  time  Mayor  of  New  York;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  1821  to  1823;  was  an  early  and  intimate 
friend  of  Robert  Fulton,  and  wrote  his  biography; 
was  highly  respected  for  his  talents  and  virtues.  Died 
in  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey,  February  7,  1834,  aged 
sixty-five  years. 

Cole,  Cornelius ;  was  born  in  Lodi,  New  York, 
September  17,  1822;  bred  a  farmer;  graduated  at  the 
Wesleyan  University  in  Connecticut;  adopted  the 
profession,  of  the  law;  emigrated  to  California  in  1849, 
and  mined  for  gold  one  year;  subsequently  prosecuted 
his  profession  in  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento;  was 
District  Attorney  at  the  latter  place  for  two  years;  in 
1863  was  elected  a  Representative  from  California  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  from  1856  to  1860  was 
a  member  of  the  National  Republican  Committee, 
and  during  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1860  was 
the  editor  of  a  newspaper  in  California;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1867  and  ending  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Appropriations,  Manufactures,  and  Claims; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866. 

Cole,  Georg-e  E.;  was  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York,  December  22.  1826;  went  to  Iowa  in  1849; 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1850,  and  went  to 
Oregon  the  same  year;  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
Legislature  in  1851,  1852,  and  1853;  during  the  years 
1859  and  1860  was  Clerk  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  Oregon;  removed  to  Washington  Territory 
in  1861;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Wash 
ington  Territory  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Cole,  Orsamus ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  removed 
to  Wisconsin  at  an  early  day;  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  that  Territory;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Wisconsin  from  1849  to  1851. 

Cole,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
July  26,  1825;  received  a  common  school  education, 
and  pursued  a  partial  course  of  study  at  Shurtleft' 
College,  Illinois;  became  a  merchant,  Vice-President 
of  two  leading  banks  in  his  native  city,  and  Director 
in  a  number  of  other  corporations;  was  Mayor  of 
Saint  Louis  from  1869  to  1871;  was  President  of  the 
Merchants  Exchange  of  that  city  in  1876;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Cole,  William  Hinson ;  was  born  at  Baltimore. 
Maryland,  January  11,  1837,  his  father  being  a  de 
scendant  of  an  old  Maryland  family;  his  early  edu 
cation  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools,  and  later 
he  attended  an  academy,  and  then  went  through  a 
collegiate  course;  studied  law  and  in  his  twenty -first 
year  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Baltimore;  after  a 
brief  practice  studied  medicine;  served  on  the  inedi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


105 


cal  staff  of  the  Confederate  Army  throughout  the 
Civil  War;  at  its  close  engaged  in  journalism  in  Balti 
more;  became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Evening 
Journal,  and  subsequently  city  editor  of  the  Baltimore 
Gazette;  in  1870  was  Deputy  Register  of  the  city,  and 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  Chief  Clerk  of  the  First 
Branch  of  the  City  Council ;  was  Reading  Clerk  of  the 
Maryland  House  of  Representatives  from  1872  to 
1884,  with  the  exception  of  one  session;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress.  Died,  in  Washington  City,  J  uly  8, 
1886. 

Coleman,  Daniel;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
in  1836  was  appointed  third  Postmaster-General, 
holding  the  office  until  1841. 

Coleman,  Nicholas  D.;  was  born  in  Harrison 
County,  Kentucky,  in  1800;  was  educated  chiefly  at 
the  University  of  Transylvania  in  1822;  studied  law, 
and  engaged  in  its  practice  with  success;  in  1824  and 
1825  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1831;  was  soon 
afterwards  appointed  Postmaster  of  Marysville,  and 
to  the  same  position  in  Vicksburg  from  1841  to  1844; 
was  also,  for  a  time,  President  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Died  in  May,  1874,  at  Vicksburg. 

Colerick,  "Walpole  GK;  was  born  at  Fort  "Wayne, 
Indiana,  August  1,  1845;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Coles,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Albemarle  County, 
Virginia,  December  15,  1786;  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  College  in  1807;  was  Private  Secretary  to 
President  Madison,  who  sent  him  on  a  mission  to 
Russia  in  1817;  on  his  return,  in  1818,  removed  to 
Illinois,  taking  with  him  his  slaves,  whom  he  had 
liberated ;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1823  to 
1826;  removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1833;  read  before 
the  Philadelphia  Historical  Society,  in  1856,  "A  His 
tory  of  the  Ordinance  of  1787,"  which  was  published, 
8vo.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  July  7,  1868. 

Coles,  Isaac ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again  from  1793 
to  1797;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac. 

Coles,  "Walter;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835 
to  1845. 

Colfax,  Schuyler;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
March  23,  1823;  was  a  grandson  of  William  Colfax, 
a  General  in  the  Army  of  the  Revolution  under  Gen 
eral  Washington;  attended  a  public  school;  was  a 
merchant's  clerk  for  three  years;  in  1836  removed 
with  his  widowed  mother  to  Indiana,  where  he  held 
a  county  office  and  studied  law;  in  1845  established 
the  St.  Joseph  Valley  Jlri/inter,  at  South  Bend,  which 
he  conducted  until  1855;  in  1850  was  a  member  of 
the  "State  Constitutional  Convention;  "  in  1848  a"nd 
1852  a  Delegate  to  the  "Whig  National  Conventions  " 
of  those  years,  and  was  Secretary  to  each;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  and  to  successive  Congresses,  including  the 
Fortieth, serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
Offices,  and  as  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution; 
waschosen  Speaker  during  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
and  was  twice  re-elected  to  the  same  position;  in  1865 
made  an  overland  journey  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  which 
formed  the  subject  of  a  popular  lecture,  which  he  de 
livered  in  several  States;  in  1868  he  was  elected  to 
the  office  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  on 
the  ticket  with  General  Gr mt  for  President;  after  the 


close  of  his  term  devoted  himself  to  lecturing.     Died 
January  13,  1885. 

Collamer,  Jacob  ;  was  born  in  Troy,  New  York, 
in  1792;  when  a  child  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Burlington,  Vermont;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1810;  served  as  a  subaltern  during  the 
first  campaign  of  the  last  war  with  England;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1813;  practiced 
his  profession  until  1833,  during  which  time  he  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  from  1833  to  1841  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont;  in  1843  took  his  seat  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Vermont,  serving  by  re- 
elections  until  1849;  in  March  of  that  year  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster-General  in  the  Cabinet  of  Presi 
dent  Taylor;  resigned  in  1850,  with  the  rest  of  the 
Cabinet,  on  the  death  of  the  President,  and  was  soon 
afterwards  re-appointed  on  the  Supreme  Bench  of  his 
State,  which  office  he  held  until  1854,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Vermont  for  six 
years  from  1855;  in  1861,  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1867,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post  Roads,  also  that  on  the 
Library,  and  as  a  member  of  several  other  important 
Committees;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D  from  the 
University  of  Vermont,  and  from  Dartmo'uth  College, 
New  Hampshire.  Died  in  Woodstock,  Vermont,  No 
vember  8,  1865. 

Collier,  Henry  Watkins ;  was  born  in  Lunen- 
burg  County,  Virginia,  January  17,  1801;  was  edu 
cated  in  Abbeville  District,  South  Carolina;  removed 
to  Alabama  in  1818;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821; 
began  to  practice  in  Huntsville;  in  1823  removed  to 
Tuscaloosa;  was  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  that 
District  from  1827  to  1837;  Chief  Justice  of  Alabama 
from  1837  to  1849;  Governor  from  1849  to  1853.  Died 
at  Bailey's  Springs,  Alabama,  August  28,  1855. 

Collier,  John  A.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1831  to  1838. 

Collin,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Hillsdale,  Colum 
bia  County,  New  York.  April  30,  1802;  received  a 
common  school  education;  devoted  himself  to  agri 
cultural  pursuits;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1834 ;  was,  for  some  years,  a  member  of  the  County 
Board  of  Supervisors;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Collins,  Ela  ;  was  born  in  Meriden,  Connecticut, 
February  14,  1786;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Oneida  County,  New  York;  was,  for 
twenty  years,  a  District  Attorney,  displaying  ability 
as  an  advocate,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
devoted  much  attention  to  farming;  commanded  a 
regiment  of  Militia  near  Sackett's  Harbor,  New  York, 
in  1814;  represented  Lewis  County  in  the  Legislature 
of  the  State;  in  1821  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  was  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at  Lowville,  Lewis 
County,  November  23,  1848. 

Collins,  Francis  D.;  was  born  in  Saugerties,  Ul 
ster  County,  New  York,  March  5,  1844;  was  educated 
at  St.  Joseph  College  and  Wyoming  Seminary,  Penn 
sylvania;  read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Luzeriie 
County  in  1866;  was  elected  a  District  Attorney  in 
1869;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1872,  1873, 
and  1874.  and  in  the  latter  year  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Collins,  John  ;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island 
from  1786  to  1789,  succeeding  William  Greene;  was  a 
patriot  of  the  Revolution,  a  Delegate  to  the  old  Con 
gress  from  1778  to  1783,  and  a  signer  of  the  Articles 


106 


BIOGEAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


of  Confederation;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1789.  Died  at  Newport,  in  March,  1795, 
aged  seventy-eight. 

Collins,  John  ;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  from 
1820  to  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  April  15,  1822. 

Collins,  Patrick  A.;  was  born  near  Fermoy, 
Ireland,  March  12,  1844;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  when  a  boy,  settling  in  Massachusetts;  re- 
cei\%ed  a  common  school  education;  became  a  me 
chanic;  read  law,  graduated  from  Harvard  Law  School, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1871 ;  located  there  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession ;  Avas  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  in  1868  and  1869;  State  Senator  in  1870 
and  1871;  Judge  Advocate  General  of  the  State  in 
1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Collins,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  1732;  was  High 
Sheriff  of  Kent  County,  Delaware;  a  member  of  the 
Council  for  four  years;  Brigadier-General  of  Militia 
from  1776  to  1783;  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was 
Governor  of  Delaware  from  1786  to  1789.  Died  near 
Duck  Creek,  Kent  County,  Delaware,  March  29, 
1789. 

Collins,  William  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1844 
was  appointed  First  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  in 
which  position  he  remained  until  1849. 

Collins,  William  ;  was  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York;  studied  law;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1849 ;  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Lewis  County,  until  he  removed  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Colman,  Norman  J. ;  was  born  near  Richfield 
Springs,  Otsego  County,  New  York,  in  1827;  received 
an  academic  education,  and  took  the  degree  of  Bach 
elor  of  Law  at  Louisville  (Kentucky)  Law  Univer 
sity  in  1849;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  New 
Albany,  Indiana;  was  elected  District  Prosecuting 
Attorney  in  1851;  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in 
1853,  and  founded  Colman 's  Rural  World,  an  agricul 
tural  paper ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  for  the  city  of  St.  Louis  in  1855;  was  elec 
ted  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  of  the  State 
of  Missouri  in  1865;  was  nominated  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State,  by  the  Democratic  State  Con 
vention,  in  1868,  and,  with  the  entire  ticket,  was  de 
feated;  was  again  nominated  for  Lieutenant-Gover 
nor  in  1874,  and  was  elected  and  served  throughout 
his  term;  was  President  of  the  Missouri. State  Horti 
cultural  Society;  a  member,  and  President,  of  the 
Missouri  State  Board  of  Agriculture;  President  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley  Cane  Growers'  Association, 
and  of  the  National  Sugar  Growers'  Association; 
President  of  the  Missouri  Horse  Breeders'  Associa 
tion;  President  of  the  American  Association  of  Nur 
serymen,  Florists  and  Seedsmen;  Vice  President  of 
the  American  Horticultural  Society,  and  also  of  the 
American  Pomological  Society,  and  was  prominently 
identified  with  the  organization  and  development  of 
many  societies  in  the  interest  of  agriculture;  was  one 
of  the  promoters  and  Directors,  and  the  first  Secre 
tary  of  the  now  famous  St.  Louis  Fair  Association; 
April  3,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  United  States  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  an 
appointment  which  has  received  the  approval  of  the 
leading  agriculturists  of  the  country. 

Colquitt,  Alfred  H.;  was  born  in  Georgia,  April 
20,  1824;  received  a  classical  education,  graduating 


from  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1844;  studied 
law  and  engaged  in  practice,  but  soon  abandoned  the 
profession  and  became  a  planter,  in  which  avocation 
he  was  very  successful ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1853  to  1855;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1860;  entered  the  Confederate  Army 
as  Colonel,  and,  by  distinguished  gallantry,  won  pro 
motion  to  the  rank  of  Major-General;  was  President 
of  the  State  Agricultural  Society  for  six  years;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Georgia  in  1876  by  the  largest 
majority  ever  received  by  a  candidate  in  that  State; 
continued  in  office,  by  re-election,  until  1882,  when 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
Georgia  for  the  term  of  six  years,  from  March  4, 1883. 

Colquitt,  W.  T.;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  December  27,  1799;  was  educated  at  Prince 
ton  College;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820;  was  a 
Brigadier-General  of  Militia  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one;  in  1826  was  appointed  a  District  Judge,  and 
held  the  first  court  ever  held  in  Columbus;  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  same  office  in  1829;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1834  and  1837 ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1839  to  1843;  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1849;  was  a  member  of 
the  Nashville  Convention  in  1850.  Died  at  Macon, 
Georgia,  May  7,  1855. 

Colston,  Ed-ward ;  was  born  in  Berkeley  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  in  1788;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1806;  served  for  a  long  time  as  Magistrate  of  the 
county,  and  in  the  capacity  of  High  Sheriff;  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1817 
to  1819.  Died  April  23,  1851. 

Colt,  LeBaron  B.;  was  born  at  Dedham,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  25,  1846;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  at  Yale  College  in  1868;  studied  law 
at  Columbia  College  Law  School;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  New  York  in  1870;  after  a  year  of  travel 
abroad,  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Chicago, 
Illinois;  in  1875  removed  to  Bristol,  Rhode  Island; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1879 
and  1880;  in  March,  1881,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Garfield,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
District  of  Rhode  Island. 

Comegys,  Cornelius  P.;  was  born  in  Delaware; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1837  to  1840. 

Comeg-ys,  Joseph  P.;  son  of  Cornelius  P.  Co- 
megys,  formerly  Governor  of  the  State  of  Delaware; 
was  born  in  St.  Jones's  Neck,  at  Cherbourg,  near 
Dover,  Delaware,  December  29,  1813;  was  educated 
at  Dover  Academy;  in  May,  1831,  entered  the  office 
of  J.  M.  Clayton,  as  a  student  of  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1835;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  in  1842 
and  1848;  in  January,  1851,  was  appointed,  by  the 
General  Assembly,  one  of  a  committee  of  three  to 
revise  the  Statutes  of  the  State;  in  November,  1856, 
was  chosen,  by  the  Governor,  to  fill  the  vacancy  in 
the,United  States  Senate  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
John  M.  Clayton;  was  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
'National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Comingo,  Abram ;  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
Kentucky,  January  9,  1820;  received  a  liberal  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1847;  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1848;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  State  Convention  in  1861;  appointed 
Provost-Marshal  in  May,  1863;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Indian  and  Freedmen's  Affairs. 

Comins,  Linus  B.;  was  born  inCharlton,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1817;  graduated  at  the  "Worcester 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


10: 


County  Manual  Labor  High  School;"  was  devoted  to 
mercantile  pursuits  and  to  manufacturing ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Roxbury  City  Council  in  1846,  and  in 
1847  and  1848  was  President  of  the  Council;  in  1854 
was  Mayor  of  Roxbury;  was  soon  after  elected  to 
Congress  from  Massachusetts,  and  continued  in  that 
position  to  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Comly,  James  M.;  was  a  resident  of  Ohio;  in 
1877  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  the 
Hawaiian  Islands. 

Compton,  Barnes ;  was  born  at  Port  Tobacco, 
Charles  County,.  Maryland,  November  16,  1830;  was 
educated  in  the  county  schools  until  1844,  when  he 
entered  Charlotte  Hall  Academy,  remaining  there 
until  1847 ;  then  entered  the  Freshman  Class  at 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  where 'he  graduated 
in  1851 ;  returned  to  Charles  County,  and  took  charge 
of  his  estates  as  a  planter;  was  County  Commissioner 
of  Schools;  was  nominated  for  the  State  Senate  in 
1856,  but  declined;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  in  1859,  without  opposition; 
in  1866  was  elected  State  Senator  for  four  years;  in 
1867  a  change  in  the  law  necessitated  a  new  election, 
and  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate  and,  upon  the 
assembling  of  the  Legislature,  was  elected  President 
of  the  Senate ;  at  the  end  of  two  years  was  re-elected 
for  a  full  term  and  was  again  elected  President  of  the 
Senate;  in  1872  was  appointed  State  Inspector  of 
Tobacco;  in  1874  was  elected,  by  the  Legislature, 
Treasurer  of  the  State,  and  served,  by  re-election, 
more  than  eleven  years;  in  the  same  year  settled  in 
Baltimore;  in  1877  became  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  in 
1879  was  made  Treasurer  of  the  Board,  and  continued 
in  that  position;  in  1880  removed  to  Laurel,  Mary 
land;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Comstock,  Charles  O.;  was  born  at  Sullivan, 
Cheshire  County,  New  Hampshire,  March  5,  1818; 
received  a  common  school  education;  removed  to 
Westmoreland,  in  the  same  county,  in  1837;  to  Graf- 
ton  County,  New  Hampshire,  in  1852,  and  to  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  in  1853;  engaged  in  farming  and 
manufacturing,  in  which  he  continued  with  success; 
was  also  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  beginning 
with  the  year  1842;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Grand 
Rapids  in  1863,  and  re-elected  in  1864;  was  the  Dem 
ocratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Michigan  in  1870, 
the  People's  candidate  for  Congress  in  1873,  and  the 
Greenback  candidate  for  Congress  in  1878,  but  was 
defeated  in  each  instance;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Comstock,  George  F.;  Avas  born  in  Williams- 
town,  Osvvego  County,  New  York,  August  24,  1811; 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1834;  taught  Greek 
and  Latin  in  a  private  school;  studied  law,  and  in 
1837  came  to  the  bar  in  Syracuse,  which  became  his 
place  of  residence;  in  1847  was  appointed  Reporter 
of  the  Decisions  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  pub 
lished  four  volumes;  in  1852  was  appointed  Solicitor 
of  the  United  States  Treasury;  went  out  of  office  in 
1853;  in  1855  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  remaining  on  the  Bench  until  1861,  and  was 
Chief  Justice  during  the  last  year;  subsequently  de 
voted  all  his  attention  to  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
•sion ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1867. 

Comstock,  Oliver  C.;  was  bred  a  Baptist  min 
ister;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 


1810  and  1812;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1813  to  1819;  subsequently  officiated 
as  Chaplain  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  Died 
at  Marshall,  Michigan,  January  11, 1860,  aged  seventy- 
six  years. 

Conant,  Charles  F.;  was  born  in  Milford,  New 
Hampshire,  April  22,  1835;  received  an  academic 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  became  a 
clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department  in  1868;  in  July, 
1874,  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treas 
ury  Department,  remaining  in  office  until  April,. 
1877. 

Condict,  John;  was  born  in  1755;  was  a  soldier 
and  surgeon  during  the  Revolutionary  War;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  for  several 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1799  to  1803;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1803  to  1817;  was  again  a  Representative  during  the 
years  1819  and  1820.  Died  May  4,  1834. 

Condict,  Lewis ;  was  born  at  Morristown,  New 
Jersey,  in  March,  1773;  was  a  physician  of  eminence; 
from  1805  to  1810  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
Legislature,  the  two  latter  years  officiating  as  Speaker ; 
in  1807  was  a  Commissioner  for  settling  the  boundary 
between  New  York  and  New  Jersey;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1811  to  1817  and  from  1821 
to  1833;  in  1841  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  also 
at  one  time  Sheriff  of  Morris  County.  Died  at  Mor 
ristown,  New  Jersey,  May  26,  1862. 

Condict,  Silas ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1781  to  1784; 
his  son  bearing  the  same  name  was  a  Representative 
in  the  Federal  Congress. 

Condict,  Silas ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1777; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1795;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1831 
to  1833;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  State  Constitution  of  1844;  was  for  many 
years  President  of  the  Newark  Banking  Company ; 
was  frequently  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey.  Died  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  November 
29,  1861. 

Condy,  Jonathan  W.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  1797,  and  held  the  position  until  1800. 

Conger,  Edwin  H.;  was  born  in  Knox  County, 
Illinois,  March  7,  1843;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Lombard  University,  Gales- 
burg,  Illinois,  in  1862;  immediately  after  leaving 
college  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  as  Lieutenant  and  Cap 
tain,  and  was  brevetted  Major  for  brave  and  merito 
rious  services  in  the  field;  studied  law  and  graduated 
from  the  Albany  Law  School,  in  1866;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  practiced  law  at  Galesburg,  Illinois, 
for  two  years;  in  1868  removed  to  Iowa,  and  engaged 
in  farming,  stock-raising,  and  banking;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Madison  County, 
Iowa,  from  1870  to  1872;  was  Treasurer  of  Dallas 
County,  Iowa,  from  1878  to  1882;  was  Treasurer  of 
the  State  of  Iowa  from  1882  to  1885;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress.- 

Conger,  Harmon  S.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York, 
from  1847  to  1851. 

Conger,  James  L.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  on 
removing  to  Michigan,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1853. 


108 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Conger,  Omar  D.;  was  born  in  Cooperstown,  Otse- 
go  County,  New  York,  in  1818;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Huron  County,  Ohio,  in  1824;  graduated  in 
1842  at  the  Western  Reserve  College;  from  1845  to 
1847  was  employed  in  the  Geological  Surveys  of  Lake 
Superior;  in  1848  settled  at  Port  Huron,  Michigan, 
in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1850  was  elected  Judge  of 
St.  Clair  County;  was  a  Senator  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1855  to  1859,  during  the  latter  serving  as 
President^?™  tern.;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
•Convention  of  1864;  also  a  Presidential  Elector  at 
the  ensuing  election,  and  Messenger  from  Michigan 
to  carry  the  vote  to  Washington;  in  1866  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in  1868 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Michigan,  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Commerce;  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce  and 
as  Chairman  of  that  on  Patents;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses  ;  resigned  his  seat  in  the  latter  when  elected  a 
United  States  Senator,  from  Michigan,  for  the  term 
of  six  years,  from  March  4,  1881. 

Conkling,  Alfred  ;  was  horn  in  East  Hampton, 
Suffolk  County,  New  York,  October  12,  1789;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1812;  was  District  Attorney  for  Montgomery 
County  for  two  or  three  years;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Seventeenth  Con 
gress;  then  settled  in  Albany;  in  1825  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Adams,  Judge  of  the  United 
States  for  the  Northern  District  of  New  York,  his 
nomination  having  been  unanimously  confirmed  by 
the  Senate;  while  upon  the  bench  wrote  two  law 
books  that  were  much  needed  by  the  profession ;  one 
of  them  entitled  "  Conkling's  Treatise,"  and  the 
other  "Conkling's  Admiralty;"  in  1852  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Mexico; 
•on  his  return  from  that  mission  settled  at  Genesee, 
New  York,  and  devoted  himself  mainly  to  literary 
pursuits,  including  the  preparation  and  publication 
of  new  editions  of  his  law  books;  in  1867  published 
a  work  on  the ' '  Powers  of  the  Executive  Departments 
of  the  United  States;  "  two  of  his  sons  were  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress.  Died  at  Utica,  February  5, 
1874. 

Conkling,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  New  York,  August  22,  1816;  was 
bred  a  merchant,  and  followed  that  occupation  in 
the  city  of  New  York ;  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York  in  1854,  1859,  and  1860;  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Conkling,  Roscoe ;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1828;  received  a  good  education;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1849  was  appointed 
District  Attorney  for  Oneida  County;  in  1858  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Utica,  to  which  place  he  had  re 
moved  in  1846;  at  the  close  of  1858  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  a  Bankrupt  Law,  and  also  as  Chairman  of 
that  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress;  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress 
served  on  the  Committees  on  Ways  and  Means  and 
Reconstruction;  was  re-elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress;  in  January,  1867,  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1873, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations,  the 
Judiciary,  and  Mines  and  Mining;  was  President  of 


:he  Republican  State  Convention  of  1867;  was  re- 
lected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1879, 
ind  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Revision 
of  Laws;  was  also  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
L885;  resigned  in  1881  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

Connelly,  Henry;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Kansas;  in  1861  was  appointed  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  in  Santa  Fe, 
and  remaining  in  office  until  1865. 

Conner,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Noblesville,  In 
diana,  October  27,  1842;  was  educated  at  Wabash 

College;  entered  the  army  in  1862  as  a  Lieutenant, 
and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  upon  the  re-or- 

janization  of  the  army  in  1866  was  appointed  a  Cap 
tain  in  the  Forty -first  Infantry,  and  served  in  Texas; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Died  in  Washington. 

Conner,  Samuel  S.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1806;  was  a  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  in  the  United  States  Army  in  181? 
(Eighteenth  Infantry) ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  from  1815  to  1817;  held 
the  office  of  Surveyor-General  in  Ohio  in  1819.  Died 
at  Covington,  Kentucky,  December  17,  1820. 

Conness,  John ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  September 
20,  1821;  came  to  the  United  States  when  thirteen 
years  of  age;  was  among  the  first  emigrants  to  Cali 
fornia,  where  he  became  engaged  in  mining  and  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  in  1852  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  three  times;  in  1859 
was  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  California, 
and  in  1861  a  candidate  for  Governor;  in  1863  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  California,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Finance  and  the  Pacific  Railroad,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Mines  and  Mining,  and  as  a  member 
also  of  that  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Connolly,  Daniel  "W.;  was  born  at  Cochecton 
Sullivan  County,  New  York,  April  24,  1847;  in  1850 
removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Hyde  Park,  (now  a  par 
ofScranton)  Pennsylvania;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  studied  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  ii 
1870  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Scranton;  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  District  Attorney  in  1872, 
although  he  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket;  upon  the  organi 
zation  of  the  new  county  of  Lackawanna,  in  1878, 
was  elected  President  Judge  but  the  State  Supreme 
Court  decided  there  was  no  vacancy;  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1880;  in  1882  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Connor,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  Prince  George 
County,  Virginia,  in  August,  1793;  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  South  Carolina,  where  he  graduated  in 
1812;  in  1814  was  Aid-de-Camp  to  General  Joseph 
Graham  in  the  Creek  War;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1821  to  1841, 
when  he  declined  a  re-election;  in  1848  served  in  the 
General  Assembly;  declined  a  re-election,  and  retired 
to  private  life.  Died  in  North  Carolina,  January  15, 
1866. 

Connor,  Selden  ;  was  born  in  Fairfield,  Maine, 
January  25,  1839;  graduated  at  Tuft's  College  in 
1859;  studied  law,  but  before  entering  upon  the 
practice,  enlisted,  in  1860,  and  went  to  war  as  a 
private  in  a  Vermont  regiment;  subsequently  became 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


109 


Lieutenant-Colonel  of  a  Maine  regiment;  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  in  1864;  was  then 
made  a  Brigadier-General;  in  1868  was  appointed  an 
Assessor  of  Internal  Kevenue;  in  1873  a  Collector  of 
Internal  Kevenue;  in  1875  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State  of  Maine. 

Connover,  Simon  B.;  was  born  in  Middlesex 
County,  New  Jersey,  September  23,  1840;  received  a 
liberal  education,  and  studied  medicine;  was  ap 
pointed  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Army  of  the  Cum 
berland,  in  1863,  and  stationed  at  Nashville,  Tennes 
see;  after  several  promotions,  was  ordered  to  Lake 
City,  Florida,  in  1866,  and  shortly  afterwards  re 
signed  his  commission;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  framed  the  State  Constitution,  in  1868; 
was  appointed  State  Treasurer;  was  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Convention,  in  1868;  appointed  a  member  of 
the  National  Republican  Committee,  on  which  he 
served  four  years;  was  also  a  member  of  the  State 
Executive  Republican  Committee;  on  retiring  from 
the  position  of  State  Treasurer,  at  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office,  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
from  the  County  of  Leon,  and  presided  over  that 
body;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  Revolu 
tionary  Claims  and  Transportation. 

Conrad,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Winchester, 
Virginia,  and  when  an  infant  went,  with  his  father, 
first  to  Mississippi,  and  then  to  Louisiana,  where  he 
continued  to  reside;  in  1828  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  New  Orleans;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1842 
and  1843;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1844;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Louisiana,  from  1849  to  August,  1850,  when  he 
became  Secretary  of  WTar  under  President  Fillruore; 
served  in  the  Southern  Rebellion  as  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral. 

Conrad,  Frederick ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803  to  1807. 

Conrad,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Constable,  Albert;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1832;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847;  elected  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Maryland  in  1851.  Died  in  Cam- 
den,  New  Jersey,  in  September,  1855. 

Contee,  Benjamin  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  in  1787  and  1788;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1791;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac. 

Converse,  George  L.;  was  born  at  Georgesville, 
Ohio,  June  4,  1827;  graduated  at  Granville  College, 
Ohio,  in  1849;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Columbus,  Ohio; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives 
from  1860  to  1863;  State  Senator  in  1864  and  1865; 
again  in  the  lower  House  of  the  Legislature  from  1873 
to  1876,  serving  as  Speaker  in  1873  and  1874;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty -sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Converse,  Julius;  was  born  in  Stafford,  Con 
necticut,  in  1799;  was  Governor  of  Vermont  from  1872 
to  1874.  Died  August  18,  1885. 

Con-way,  Elias  N.;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas 
for  eight  years,  from  1860  to  1868. 


Conway,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Tennessee;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from 
the  Territory  of  Arkansas  from  1823  to  1829. 

Conway,  James  S.;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas 
from  1836  to  1840,  having  been  the  first  elected  under 
the  State  Constitution. 

Conway,  Martin  F.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 

South   Carolina,    about  the  year   1830;   removed  to 

Baltimore  in  his  fourteenth  year;  was  bred  a  printer, 

followed  that  business  for  a  time,  and  took  part  in 

originating     the     National     Typographical   Union; 

studied  law  and  practiced  for  several  years;  went  to 

Kansas  in  1854;  was  elected  to  the  Council  of  the  first 

Territorial  Legislature ;  under  the  Topeka  Convention 

j  was  chosen  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in 

I  1856    was    President    of   the  Leavenworth    Consti- 

i  tutional  Convention;  in  1859  was   elected  a  Repre- 

j  sentative  from   Kansas  to   the  Thirty-seventh  Con- 

j  gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs; 

i  subsequently    settled    in    Washington    City.     Died 

!  February  17,  1882. 

Cony,   Samuel ;  was  born  in  Augusta,  Maine, 
February  27,  1811;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1829;  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1832;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1835  and  1862;  mein- 
.  ber  of  the  Council  in   1839;  Judge  of  Probate  from 
1  1840  to   1847;   State   Treasurer  from   1850  to  1855; 
Mayor  of  Augusta  in  1854;   Governor  of  Maine  from 
1864  to  1867.     Died  in  Augusta,  September  5,  1870. 

Cook,  Burton  C.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
New  York,  May  11,  1819;  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  elected 
State  Attorney  for  the  Ninth  Circuit  in  1846,  for  two 
years;  was  re-elected,  in  1848,  for  four  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1852  to  1860;  in 
1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and 
the  Niagara  Ship  Canal,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mitte  on  Roads  and  Canals;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress  and  made  Chairman  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  Judiciary  Committees. 

Cook,  Daniel  P.;  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Kentucky;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Illinois  from  1820  to  1827,  and  discharged  with  great 
ability  his  duties  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means.  By  such  men  as  Mr.  Calhoun  and 
Judge  McLean  he  was  considered  a  man  of  remarkable 
talents ;  died  at  the  age  of  thirty-two  years,  in  Octo 
ber,  1827. 

Cook,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Seneca  County,  Ohio, 
December  26,  1846;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  settled  in  Iowa; 
in  1878  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  Dis 
trict;  successfully  contested  the  seat  of  M.  E.  Cutts 
and  was  declared  duly  elected  a  Representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress;  was  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  caused  by 
the  death  of  M.  E.  Cutts. 

Cook,  John  P.;  was  born  in  New  York;  on  tak 
ing  up  his  residence  in  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Cook,  Orchard ;  was  a  merchant  by  occupation, 
and  for  some  years  Sheriff  of  Lincoln  County,  Massa 
chusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1805  to  1811. 


110 


BIOGRAPHIC  AL     ANNALS. 


Cook,  Philip  ;  was  born  in  Twiggs  County,  Geor 
gia,  July 31, 1817;  educated  at  Ogelthorpe  University; 
read  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1859,  I860,  and  1863;  entered  the 
Confederate  service  in  April,  1861,  as  a  private,  and 
rose  to  be  Brigadier-General;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  of  1865;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  but  not  allowed  to  take  his  seat;  was 
•elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Militia;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Cook,  Zadock ;  was  born  in  1769;  was  frequently 
in  the  Legislature  of  Georgia;  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress  from  1817  to  1819;  his  memory  is  said  to 
have  been  remarkable,  as  he  could,  after  reading  a 
chapter  in  the  Bible,  repeat  the  same  from  beginning 
to  end. 

Cooke,  Bate ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833;  from  1839  to  1841 
held  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  New  York,  and  was 
also  Bank  Commissioner  in  1840.  Died  in  1841. 

Cooke,  Eleutheros;  was  born  in  Granville, 
"Washington  County,  New  York,  December  25,  1787; 
received  a  liberal  education,  and,  having  studied  law, 
practiced  with  success  both  in  New  York  and  Ohio 
until  1830;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1831  to  1833;  served  for  many  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  before  and  after  entering 
Congress,  and  though  ostensibly  living  in  retirement, 
was  for  many  years  very  frequently  called  upon  to 
address  the  citizens  of  Ohio  on  topics  of  a  varied  na 
ture,  on  account  of  his  popularity  as  an  orator.  Died 
at  Sandusky,  Ohio,  December  27,  1865.  He  was  the 
father  of  the  distinguished  bankers,  Jay,  Pitt,  and 
Henry  D.  Cooke. 

Cooke,  Henry  D.;  was  born  in  Sandusky  City, 
Ohio,  November  23,  1825;  graduated  at  Transylvania 
University,  Kentucky,  in  1844;  studied  law  at  home 
and  in  Philadelphia,  but  soon  turned  his  attention  to 
writing  for  the  press;  in  1847  sailed  to  Valparaiso,  in 
Chili,  as  an  attache  to  the  American  Consul  there;  the 
ship  in  which  he  sailed  was  wrecked  off  the  Bermu 
das,  but,  reaching  St.  Thomas  in  safety,  he  continued 
his  journey  across  Panama;  while  detained  at  St. 
Thomas,  the  idea  of  a  steamship  line  from  New  York 
to  California,  by  way  of  Panama,  was  suggested  to 
him,  and  he  wrote  on  the  subject  to  the  Philadelphia 
United  States  Gazette  and  the  New  York  Courier  and 
Enquirer;  this  correspondence  was  transmitted  to  the 
Department  of  State  by  the  Consul,  W.  G.  Moorhead, 
and  thus  in  about  two  years  the  Pacific  Mail  Steam 
ship  Company  was  organized;  Mr.  Cooke  subsequently 
resided  in  California;  had  much  to  do  with  the  ship 
ping  of  the  Pacific;  was  the  first  to  announce,  through 
a  dispatch  from  the  Military  Governor  of  California 
to  Washington,  the  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Sacra 
mento  Valley;  after  meeting  with  misfortunes  in  Cali 
fornia,  returned  to  the  East,  and  was  associated  with 
the  United  States  Gazette,  Sandusky  Register,  and  the 
Ohio  State  Journal;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856;  in  1861  became  a  partner  in  the  house  of  Jay 
Cooke  &  Co.;  frequently  visited  Europe  on  business; 
in  1870  was  appointed  the  first  Governor  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1873; 
was  a  resident  of  Georgetown  for  more  than  fifteen 
years,  and,  besides  building  a  Mission  Church  in  that 
city,  gave  twenty  thousand  dollars  towards  re-building 
a  second  Episcopal  Church  in  the  same  place;  his 
other  gifts  for  the  public  benefit  have  been  large  and 
frequent;  he  was  the  son  of  Eleutheros  Cooke,  a  dis 
tinguished  orator  and  Congressman,  and  brother  of 
Jay  Cooke,  the  eminent  financier. 


Cooke,  Joseph  P.;  was  born  in  1730;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1750;  was  a  Delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to 
1788.  Died  at  Danbury,  Connecticut,  in  1816. 

Cooke,  Nicholas ;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  February  3,  1717;  was  Deputy- 
Governor  of  the  State  from  May  to  October,  1775; 
Governor  from  that  date  to  May,  1778.  "He  merited 
and  won  the  approbation  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and 
was  honored  with  the  friendship  and  confidence  of 
Washington."  Such  is  the  inscription  on  his  monu 
ment.  Died  in  Providence,  September  14,  1782. 

Cooke,  Thomas  Burrage ;  was  born  in  North- 
ford,  Connecticut,  in  1780;  prepared  himself  for 
Yale  College,  but  ill-health  prevented  his  entrance; 
removed  to  Catskill,  New  York,  about  the  beginning 
of  the  century;  studied  law,  and  became  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1811  to  1813;  was 
an  intimate  friend  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  and  served  in 
the  New  York  Legislature  in  1838  and  1839;  was  for 
many  years  President  of  the  Catskill  Bank,  and  was 
one  of  the  earliest  projectors  of  railroads  in  this 
country;  when  in  Congress,  he  made  a  large  and  val 
uable  collection  of  papers  and  documents,  which 
were  destroyed  when  the  Capitol  was  burned.  Died 
in  Catskill. 

Cooley,  Dennis  N.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  in  1865  was  appointed  from  Iowa  Commis 
sioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  remaining  in  office  only  a 
little  more  than  one  year. 

Cooley,  James  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1826  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Peru, 
where  he  died  February  24,  1828. 

Coolidge,  Carlos  ;  was  born  in  Windsor,  Ver 
mont,  in  1792;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in 
1811;  practiced  law  in  Windsor  fifty-two  years;  was 
State  Attorney  for  the  County  from  1831  to  1836; 
Eepresentative  from  1834  to  1837,  and  from  1839  to 
1842;  was  Speaker  in  1836,  and  during  the  last  term; 
Governor  of  Vermont  from  1849  to  1851 ;  was  a  State 
Senator  from  1855  to  1857;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.,  from  Middlebury  College  in  1849.  Died  at 
Windsor,  August  15,  1866. 

Cooper,  David  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Min 
nesota;  in  1850  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  that  District. 

Cooper,  Edmund ;  was  born  in  Franklin,  Wil 
liams  County,  Tennessee,  September  11,  1821;  grad 
uated  at  Jackson  College  in  1839;  read  law  and  at 
tended  lectures  at  Harvard  University;  settled  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Bedford  County;  in 
1849  was  elected  to  the  Tennessee  Legislature;  was 
elected  a  "Union  Delegate"  to  the  State  Convention 
proposed  in  1861;  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1865,  but  resigned  on  being  elected  a 
Eepresentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  taking  his  seat  near  the  close  of  the  first 
session,  and  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Mur 
ders  in  South  Carolina  and  on  Territories;  in  Novem 
ber,  1867,  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

Cooper,  George  B.;  was  born  at  Long  Hill, 
Morris  County,  New  Jersey,  June  6,  1808;  received 
a  good  common  school  education;  removed  to  Michi 
gan  in  1830;  served  in  the  two  houses  of  the  State 
Legislature;  served  two  terms  as  State  Treasurer  of 
Michigan;  held  the  position  of  Postmaster  at  Jackson 
for  eleven  years,  which  he  resigned  when  chosen 
Treasurer;  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  from  Michi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Ill 


gan  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  his  seat  was  con 
tested  by  William  A.  Howard,  and  before  the  close 
of  the  first  session  the  latter  was  admitted. 

Cooper,  Henry;  was  born  in  Columbia,  Ten 
nessee,  August  22,  1827;  graduated  at  Jackson  Col 
lege  August  11,  1847;  studied  law  at  Shelby  ville  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1853  and  1857;  in  1862  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit  of 
Tennessee;  resigned  in  1866;  was  chosen  Professor  in 
the  Law  School  at  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  in  1866,  and 
resigned  in  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Nashville;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1869  and  1870;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1877,  serving  on  several  Committees. 

Cooper,  James  ;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Maryland,  May  8,  1810;  commenced  his  education  at 
the  common  schools  of  the  county,  spent  some  time 
at  St.  Mary's  College,  and  graduated  at  Washington 
College,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  Pennsylvania  in  1834;  was  elected  a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  in 
1838,  and  re-elected  in  1840;  in  1843  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in  1844,  1846, 
and  1848,  serving  as  Speaker  in  1847;  in  1848  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1849 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  of  six 
years;  during  his  service  in  Congress  his  health  was 
feeble,  so  that  he  could  not  participate  in  the  debates 
of  the  Senate  to  the  extent  that  he  desired;  on  his 
return  to  Pennsylvania  he  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
and  subsequently  in  Frederick,  Maryland;  afterwards 
became  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  army.  Died  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  March  28,  1863. 

Cooper,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1776. 

Cooper,  Mark  A.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1843. 

Cooper,  Richard  M.;  was  born  in  Gloucester 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1829  to  1833;  served  in  the  Legislature; 
was  President  of  the  State  Bank  at  Camden.  Died 
March  10,  1844,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Cooper,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Delaware  from  1813  to  1817. 

Cooper,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  Cooperstown, 
Lehigh  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  29,  1823; 
was  educated  at  Pennsylvania  College,  at  Gettysburg, 
and  also  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated  in.  1843 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  a  phy 
sician,  and  was  successful  therein;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1863.  Died  at  Cooperstown,  April 
4,  1862.  during  the  second  session  of  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Cooper,  "William;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  re 
moved  to  Otsego  County,  New  York;  became  the 
founder  of  Cooperstown;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1795  to  1797,  and 
again  from  1799  to  1801 ;  was  the  father  of  the  emi 
nent  author,  James  Feuimore  Cooper. 

Cooper,  "William  B.;  was  a  native  of  Delaware; 
was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1840  to  1844.  Died 
April  27,  1849. 

Cooper,  "William  C.;  was  born  at  Mount  Ver 
non,  Ohio,  December  18,  1832;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Mount  Vernon  Academy ;  stud 


ied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  his  native  town ;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Mount  Vernon  from  1859  to  1863;  was 
Mayor  of  Mount  Vernon  from  1862  to  1864;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1872  to 
1874;  was  Judge- Advocate-General  of  Ohio  from  1879 
to  1884;  in  1881  became  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  of  the  city  of  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  and, 
in  1882,  was  elected  President  of  the  Board;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Cooper,  "W.  R.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1839  to  1841. 

Corbett,  Henry  "W.;  was  born  in  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  February  18,  1827;  when  quite  young 
removed  to  Washington  County,  New  York;  was  edu 
cated  chiefly  at  the  Cambridge  Academy,  in  that 
county;  when  sixteen  years  of  age  removed  to  New 
York  City,  where  he  remained  nearly  eight  years,  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1850  shipped  a  stock 
of  goods  to  Portland,  in  Oregon,  and  removed  to  that 
Territory  in  the  following  year;  took  an  active  part 
in  politics,  and  was  identified  with  the  organization 
of  the  Republican  and  Union  parties  in  the  State ;  was 
a  Delegate  from  Oregon  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  the  Presi 
dency;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Oregon  for  the  term  commencing  in  1867  and  ending 
in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce, 
Indian  Affairs,  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Corlett,  "William  "W.;  was  born  in  Concord, 
Ohio,  April  10,  1842;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  graduating  at  Union  Law  College, 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1866;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  'same  year  and  commenced  practice;  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  Territory, 
in  1870;  was  a  member  of  the  Council  in  the  Terri 
torial  Assembly  in  1871;  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Laramie  County  in  1872,  1873  and  1875; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Wyom 
ing  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Corley,  Simeon ;  was  born  in  Lexington,  South 
Carolina;  received  an  English  education ;  was  appren 
ticed  to  a  tailor;  early  took  part  in  politics  as  an 
anti-slavery  man;  was  officially  connected  with  one 
or  two  religious  societies;  edited  a  temperance  paper 
for  two  years,  and  was  a  writer  for  other  journals; 
was  conscripted  into  the  Confederate  Army  during 
the  Rebellion;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Reconstruction 
Constitutional  Convention  of  South  Carolina;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
State  Department;  his  unsuccessful  opponent  for 
Congress  was  his  commander  in  the  Confederate 
Army. 

Cornell,  Alonzo  B.;  was  born  at  Ithaca,  New 
York,  January  22,  1832;  was  the  son  of  Hon.  Ezra 
Cornell,  one  of  the  pioneers  in  Telegraphy  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  founder  of  the  Cornell  Univer 
sity;  received  an  academic  education;  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  became  a  Telegraphic  Operator,  and  continued 
thereafter  to  be  connected  with  telegraphy;  was  a 
member  of  the  Republican  State  Committee  from 
1866  to  1879,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  for 
eight  years;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  1868;  in  that  year  was 
elected  a  Director  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  and  continued  in  that  position ;  was  Vice- 
President  of  the  company,  from  1870  to  1876,  acting 
as  President  in  1875;  in  1869  was  appointed,  by 
President  Grant,  Surveyor  of  Customs  for  the  port  of 
New  York;  resigned  in  1872  to  accept  a  seat  in  the 


112 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


State  House  of  Representatives,  to  which  he  had 
been  elected;  was  accorded  the  unusual  honor  of 
being  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  during  his  first 
term ;  in  1870  was  appointed  Assistant  Treasurer  of 
the  United  States  at  New  York,  but  declined  the 
position ;  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  National 
Committee  in  1876,  and  of  the  Republican  National 
Conventions  of  1876  and  1880;  was  Naval  Officer  of 
Customs  for  the  port  of  New  York  in  1877  and  1878; 
was  a  Trustee  of  Cornell  University  from  its  founda 
tion,  and  President  of  Cornell  Library  Association; 
was  Governor  of  New  York  from  1880  to  1883. 

Cornell,  Thomas;  was  born  at  White  Plains, 
Westchester  County,  New  York,  January  27,  1814; 
received  a  common  school  education;  engaged  in  the 
business  of  transportation  and  banking;  in  1866  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Roads 
and  Canals  and  Education  and  Labor;  in  1880  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Corning,  Erastus;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  December  14,  1794;  when  thirteen  years  of 
age  went  to  Troy,  New  York,  and  entered  the  hard 
ware  store  of  his  uncle,  Benjamin  Smith,  the  bulk  of 
whose  property  he  subsequently  inherited ;  in  1814 
removed  to  Albany,  and  continued  in  the  same  busi 
ness,  establishing  the  well-known  house,  still  in  ex 
istence,  of  Erastus  Corning  &  Co. ;  his  first  public  po 
sition  was  that  of  Alderman  of  the  City  of  Albany; 
from  that  he  was  promoted  to  Mayor,  which  office  he 
held  for  three  years ;  was  also,  for  several  years,  an 
influential  Railroad,  Bank,  and  Canal  Company 
President;  for  several  terms  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs;  in  1860  was  elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of 
1861;  re-elected  in  1862  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  but  resigned  on  account  of  his  health;  in  1833 
was  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  New  York;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1867.  Died  April  9.  1872. 

Corwin,  Franklin ;  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
January  12,  1818;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1839;  served  several  years  in  the  State  Legislature 
of  Ohio,  part  of  the  time  in  the  Senate;  removed  to 
Illinois  in  1857;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
that  State,  serving  two  years  as  Speaker;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Corwin,  Moses  B.;  was  born  in  Bourbon  County, 
Kentucky,  January  5,  1790;  spent  his  boyhood  on  a 
farm  in  Ohio;  received  a  good  education;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1812;  in  1838  and 
1839  was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1851,  and 
from  1853  to  1855,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Post  Office  Department.  He  was  the 
brother  of  Thomas  Corwin.  Died  at  Urbana,  April 
7,  1872. 

Corwin,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Bourbon  County, 
Kentucky,  July  29,  1794;  rising  from  humble  life, 
he  became  distinguished  as  a  lawyer,  having  come  to 
the  bar  in  1817;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature 
in  1822,  and  a  Representative  to  Congress  from  the 
Warren  District,  in  1831,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinued  until  1840;  was  chosen  Governor  of  Ohio  in 
October  of  that  year;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1844;  was  Governor  but  two  years,  Wilson  Shannon 
succeeding  him  in  1842;  the  Whigs  having  a  major 
ity  in  the  Legislature  of  Ohio  in  1845,  elected  him  a 


United  States  Senator,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
appointment  in  the  Cabinet,  in  1850,  as  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  under  President  Fillmore;  was  long 
known  in  Congress  as  an  advocate  of  the  Whig  meas 
ures  of  policy;  as  a  stump  speaker  and  before  a  jury, 
his  eloquence  was  singularly  effective;  in  October, 
1858,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio,  for  the  term  commencing  in  1859;  during  that 
year  a  volume  of  his  Speeches  was  published;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and 
of  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Re 
bellious  States  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  but  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Minister  to  Mexico; 
after  his  return  from  Mexico  resided  in  Washington, 
where  he  died  December  18,  1865.  His  Life  and 
Speeches  were  published  in  1859,  edited  by  Isaac 
Strohm. 

Cosgrove,  John ;  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Jef 
ferson  County,  New  York,  September  12,  1839;  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  na 
tive  county;  early  in  1859  went  to  Pike's  Peak,  Col 
orado,  in  search  of  gold,  returning  to  New  York  the 
same  year;  taught  school  until  1861,  when  he  began 
the  study  of  the  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Watertown,  New  York,  in  1863,  and  commenced 
practice  there;  in  1865  removed  to  Boonville,  Mis 
souri,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
was  twice  elected  City  Attorney;  in  1872  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Cooper  County;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1872 
and  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Cotteral,  J.  L.  T. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Alabama,  from  1846  to  1847. 

Cottman,  Joseph  &:;  was  born  in  Somerset 
County,  Maryland,  August  16,  1803;  received  a  clas 
sical  education;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826; 
served  in  the  Maryland  Legislature;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1849 ;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
1851  to  1853.  Died  in  Somerset  County,  Maryland, 
in  1863. 

Cotton,  Aylett  R.;  was  born  in  Austintown, 
Ohio,  November  29,  1826;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1844; 
was  a  student  at  Allegheny  College,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1845;  taught  school  in  Fayette  County,  Tennessee, 
in  1846;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Clinton  County,  Iowa,  in  1848;  crossed  the  Plains 
to  California  in  1849,  and  returned  to  Iowa  in  1851 ; 
was  appointed  Judge  of  Clinton  County  in  1851 ;  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  same  county  in  1854;  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1857;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1868 
and  1870,  serving  as  Speaker;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Freedmen's  Afiairs  and  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

Coulter,  Richard;  attained  eminence  as  a  law 
yer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1827  to  1835.  Died  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  21,  1852;  at  the  time  of 
his  death  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn 
sylvania. 

Covert,  James  W.;  was  born  at  Oyster  Bay, 
New  York,  September  2,  1842;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1863  and  began  to  practice  at 
Flushing,  Long  Island;  in  1867  was  elected  School 
Commissioner  and  served  three  years,  at  the  same 
time  acting  as  Assistant  District  Attorney  of  his 
county;  was  Surrogate  of  Queen's  County  from  1870 
to  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 


STATE,  WAR  AND  NAVY  DEPARTMENTS  BUILDING, 

WASHINGTON. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT  BUILDING, 

WASHINGTON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


113 


Covington,  G-eorge  W.;  was  bora  in  Berlin, 
Maryland,  September  12,  1838;  received  an  academic 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1867;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Coving/ton,  Leonard ;  was  born  at  Aquasco, 
Prince  George  County,  Maryland,  October  30,  1768; 
in  1793  obtained  from  General  Washington  the  com 
mission  of  Lieutenant  of  Dragoons,  and  joined  the 
army  under  General  Wayne;  distinguished  himself 
at  Fort  Recovery,  and  the  battle  of  Miami,  and  was 
honorably  mentioned  in  the  official  report  of  General 
Wayne;  after  the  war  was  promoted  to  the  rank,  of 
Captain,  by  Washington,  in  1794,  and  retired  to  the 
pursuits  of  agriculture;  was  for  many  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1805  to  1807;  in  1809  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  a  regiment  of  cavalry ; 
in  1810  was  in  command  at  Fort  Adams,  on  the  Mis 
sissippi,  and  took  possession  of  Baton  Rouge,  and  a 
portion  of  West  Florida;  in  1813  was  ordered  to  the 
Northern  frontier,  and  appointed,  by  President  Mad 
ison,  Brigadier-General;  at  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg  received  a  mortal  wound  while  leading  his  men 
in  a  charge,  and  died  at  French  Mills,  October  13, 
1813,  two  days  after  his  fall;  his  remains  were  re 
moved  to  Sackett's  Harbor,  August  13,  1820,  and  the 
place  of  his  burial  is  now  known  as  Mount  Covington. 
He  had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best  officers 
in  the  service. 

Covode,  John ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  17,  1808;  was  a  farmer 
and  manufacturer  by  occupation,  and  extensively 
engaged  in  the  coal  business;  was  elected,  from 
Pennsylvania,  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was 
made  Chairman  of  a  special  committee  appointed  to 
investigate  certain  charges  made  against  President 
Buchanan  and  his  administration;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention" 
of  1866;  also  elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad, 
and  Chairman  of  that  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds;  in  1869  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Repub 
lican  State  Committee.  Died  at  Harrisburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  January  11,  1871. 

Cowan,  Edgar;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  19,  1815;  after 
spending  one  year  at  Franklin  College,  Ohio,  gradu 
ated  at  that  institution  in  1839;  while  yet  a  mere  boy 
was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  for  a  support, 
and  until  1842  followed  various  employments;  having 
been  a  clerk,  boat  builder,  school  master,  and  a 
student  of  medicine;  subsequently  studied  law,  and 
practiced  the  profession  until  1861,  when  he  was 
chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1867,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  Judiciary  and  Enrolled  Bills,  and  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Patents  and  the  Patent  Office,  and 
those  on  Finance  and  Agriculture;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the 
remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  in  1860  was 
a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866;  in 
January,  1867,  was  nominated,  by  President  John 
son,  Minister  to  Austria,  but  was  not  confirmed. 
Died  August  29,  1885. 

8 


Cowan,  Jacob  P.;  was  born  in  Florence,  Wash 
ington  Counly,  Pennsylvania,  March  20,  1823;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  at  that  place,  and 
in  Steubenville,  Ohio;  graduated  at  the  Starling 
Medical  College  in  Columbus,  Ohio;  from  1855  to 
1859  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  prac 
ticed  his  profession,  but  became  a  dealer  in  real  estate 
and  President  of  a  private  bank;  in  1874  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Militia. 

Cowen,  Benjamin  Bush ;  was  born  in  Moor- 
field,  Harrison  County,  Ohio,  August  15,  1831;  son  of 
B.  S.  Cowen,  formerly  a  Representative  in  Congress; 
was  educated  at  the  St.  Clairsville  Institute;  studied 
medicine,  but  never  practiced ;  was  a  practical  printer 
and  publisher  for  ten  years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Convention  of  1856;  was  chosen 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  Ohio  House  of  Representatives  in 
1860;  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861 
enlisted  in  the  Volunteer  Army,  and  became  an  ad 
ditional  paymaster,  serving  under  McClellan  and 
Rosecrans;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  Secretary  of 
State,  but  resigned  in  1862;  was  appointed  Adjutant- 
General  of  Ohio  in  1864,  and  served  as  such  for  four 
3~ears,  receiving  three  brevets;  was  also  an  Inspector 
of  Military  Prisons;  subsequently  went  into  the  iron 
and  coal  business  at  Bellaire;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
National  Philadelphia  Convention  of  1866,  and  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1868,  of  which  he  was  Secre 
tary;  in  1871  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  Department;  was  also  a  leading  member 
of  the  Republican  Committee  of  Ohio,  and  Chairman 
of  the  State  Committee. 

Cowen,  Benjamin  Sprague;  was  born  in 
Washington  County,  New  York,  September  27,  1793; 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  self-educated;  taught 
school;  studied  medicine;  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
War  of  1812;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1820;  practiced 
medicine  for  a  time;  came  to  the  bar  in  1829;  was 
editor  of  a  newspaper  from  1836  to  1840;  Delegate  to 
the  Harrisburg  Convention  in  1839;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  in  1840,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Claims,  and  was  the  mover 
of  the  One  Hour  rule;  was  again  elected  to  Congress 
in  1844,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Finance ;  secured  the  passage  of  the  resolution  in  the 
Ohio  Legislature,  in  favor  of  expunging  the  resolu 
tion  of  censure  of  John  Quincy  Adams:  from  1841 
was  President  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas ; 
during  the  Rebellion  assisted  the  Government  with 
zeal  in  various  capacities;  was  for  many  years  Presi 
dent  of  a  local  Bible  Society.  Died  at  St.  Clairsville, 
Ohio,  September  27,  1869.  His  son,  B.  R.  Cowen  was 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department,  and 
the  eminent  jurist  and  author,  Esek  Cowen  was  his 
brother. 

Cowgill,  Calvin  ;  was  born  in  Clinton  County, 
Ohio,  January  7,  1819;  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools  and  by  private  tutors;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Indiana,  in  1836;  studied  law;  removed 
to  Wabash  County,  Indiana,  in  1846,  and  practiced 
his  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1851;  was  County  Treasurer  from  1855 
to  1859;  was  Provost-Marshal  from  1862  to  18fi5; 
again  in  the  Legislature  during  the  special  session  in 
1865;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Cowles,  George  "W.;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia  and  the  Navy  Department. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Cowles,  Henry  B.;  was  born  at  Hartford,  Coii- 
necticut.  March  18,  1798;  when  eleven  years  of  age 
removed  to  Dutchess  County,  New  York,  with  his 
father;  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1816;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  in  1826, 
1827,  and  1828,  served  as  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Legislature  from  Putnam  County,  and  during  his 
first  term  was  Chairman  of  the  Select  Committee 
raised  to  investigate  the  "  Astor  claim;"  was  a  Rep- 
rese*ntative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to 
1831;  in  1834  took  up  his  residence  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  where  he  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

Cowles,  W.  H.  H.;  was  born  at  Hamptonville, 
North  Carolina,  April  22, 1840;  was  educated  at  home 
and  in  the  common  schools  and  academies  of  his 
native  county;  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army,  in 
1861,  and  was  elected  First  Lieutenant  on  the  or 
ganization  of  his  regiment;  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and 
being  twice  severely  wounded ;  in  1866  commenced 
the  study  of  the  law;  in  January,  1867,  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  of  the  County  Court,  and  a  year  later 
to  that  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Yadkin  County, 
North  Carolina;  removed  to  Wilkesborough,  North 
Carolina,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  was 
Reading  Clerk  of  the  Senate  of  North  Carolina  from 
1872  to  1874;  in  the  latter  year  was  elected  Solicitor 
of  the  Tenth  Judicial  District  of  the  State,  in  which 
position  he  served  four  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  State  Executive  Committee  for  eight 
years;  in  1882  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
member  of  the  State  Assembly;  in  1884  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Cox,  Christopher  C.;  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  August  16,  1816;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1835;  received  a  master's  degree  in  1838;  was 
made  a  Doctor  of  Laws  by  Trinity  College  in  1867; 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  1868;  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Health  in  1871,  acting  as 
President  of  the  Board  for  several  years;  his  special 
line  of  study  was  medicine,  and  he  practiced  both  as 
a  physician  and  a  surgeon;  was  for  one  year  a  Pro 
fessor  in  one  of  the  Philadelphia  colleges;  served  as 
President  of  a  medical  society;  as  a  Surgeon  in  the 
army  during  the  Rebellion ;  was  Surgeon-General  ot 
the  State  of  Maryland ;  before  the  close  of  the  war 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Maryland. 

Cox,  Jacob  Dolson;  was  born,  of  American 
parents,  in  Montreal,  Canada,  October  27,  1828 ; 
spent  his  boyhood  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  re 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1846;  was  educated  at  Oberlin  Col 
lege,  where  he  graduated  in  1851;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1853;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1859;  during  the  earlier  stage  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  while  holding  a  State  commission,  he  took  an 
active  and  important  part  in  raising  troops  for  the 
war,  and  was,  in  May,  1861,  appointed  a  Brigadier- 
General  of  Ohio  Volunteers;  as  such  was  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Gauley  Bridge,  South  Mountain,  and  An  tie- 
tarn,  where  he  acquitted  himself  with  distinction,  and 
tor  which  services  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  01 
Major-General ;  subsequently  joined  General  Sher 
man  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio;  had  command  of 
an  important  division,  and  won  fresh  honors  in  the 
campaign  against  Atlanta,  and  in  the  campaign  o: 
Franklin  and  Nashville;  after  the  war  resigned  his 
commission  in  the  army,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Cincinnati;  was  chosen  Governor  of 
Ohio  for  the  years  1866  and  1867;  declined  the  office 
of  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  tendered  Mm 
by  President  Johnson  in  1868;  on  March  5,  1869,  was 


appointed  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department,  but 
only  remained  in  office  about  one  year;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Cox,  James ;  was  born  in  Monmouth  County, 
ew  Jersey,  in  1753;  was,  for  several  years,  a  mem- 
>er  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the  As 
sembly;  commanded  a  company  of  militia  in  the 
Revolution,  having  been  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
jermantown  and  Monmouth;  was  subsequently  a 
Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  during  the  years  1809 
and  1810.  Died  September  12,  1810. 

Cox,  Leander  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moving  to  Kentucky,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty -third  and  Thirty-fourth 
Congresses;  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  Mexican  War; 
was  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Free  Masons  in 
1843,  and  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1853. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.;  was  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio, 
September  30,  1824;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1846;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  was 
also  an  editor,  in  Ohio,  of  the  Columbus  Statesman; 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Peru  in  1855; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  'Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  as 
an  author,  published  a  book  of  foreign  travel,  called 
"The  Buckeye  Abroad,"  and  on  literary  topics  is  an 
occasional  lecturer;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Af 
fairs,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  committee;  was  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  to  serve  until  December, 
1865;  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  18<>4; 
on  his  retirement  from  Congress,  settled  in  the  city 
of  New  York;  in  1865  published  a  political  work  en 
titled  "Eight  Years  in  Congress;"  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention  " 
of  1866,  and  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868;  from 
New  York  was  returned  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  three  subsequent  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  Bank 
ing,  the  Centennial,  and  Rules;  at  the  opening  of  the 
first  session  of  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  was  one  of 
the  three  candidates  for  the  Speakership,  but  M.  C. 
Kerr  was  the  successful  competitor;  in  1869  visited 
Europe  for  his  health,  and  published  a  successful 
work,  entitled  "A  Search  for  Winter  Sunbeams;" 
in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency;  was  elected 
Speaker  pro  tern,  of  the  House  in  June,  1876;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh, 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  in  March,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United  States 
Minister  to  Turkey. 

Cox,  WalterS.;  was  born  at  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  October  25,  1826;  attended  private 
schools  until  his  twelfth  year,  when  he  entered 
Georgetown  College;  graduated  therefrom  in  1 843,  in 
his  seventeenth  year;  studied  law  with  his  father  and 
at  the  Law  School  of  Harvard  University;  graduated 
from  Harvard  in  1847;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the 
same  year,  on  his  twenty-first  birthday,  and  engaged 
in  practice  in  his  native  city;  upon  the  decease  of  his 
father,  in  1848,  succeeded  to  his  practice  and  became 
very  successful  in  his  profession;  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Cox,  William  Ruffln;  was  born  in  Scotland 
Neck,  North  Carolina;  removed  to  Tennessee;  grad 
uated  at  Franklin  College;  studied  law  at  Lebanon 
Law  School;  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


115 


from  that  institution,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  returned  to  his  native 
State  and  engaged  in  planting;  served  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  rising 
from  the  rank  of  Major  to  that  of  Brigadier-General; 
at  the  close  of  the  war  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina;  was  Solicitor  of  the  Metro 
politan  District  for  six  years;  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
•Court  for  the  same  district  for  several  years;  a  Trustee 
of  the  University  of  the  South;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1868;  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Democratic  State  Committee ;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Ooxe,  Alfred  C.;  was  born  at  Auburn,  New 
York;  was  graduated  from  Hamilton  College  in  1868, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Utica,  New  York;  in  1882 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Northern  District  of  New  York,  his  grandfather, 
Honorable  Alfred  Conlding  having  formerly  held  the 
^ame  position. 

Coxe,  Tench  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  22, 
1755;  became  a  partner  in  business  with  his  father  in 
1776;  was  a  Commissioner  to  the  Federal  Convention 
it  Annapolis  in  1786;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1788;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  in  1790 ;  Commissioner  of  the  Revenue 
in  1792;  Purveyor  of  the  Public  Supplies  from  1803 
to  1812;  his  sympathies  were  on  the  side  of  England 
during  the  Revolution;  he  published  several  valuable 
works  on  the  Commerce  and  Manufactures  of  the 
United  States.  Died  in  Philadelphia  July  17,  1824. 

Coxe,  William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1813  to  1815;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
Assembly.  Died  in  Burlington. 

Cozzens,  "William  C.;  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Go  vernor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1862;  soon  afterwards 
became  Acting  Governor,  remaining  in  that  capacity 
until  1863. 

Crabb,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Crabb,  Jeremiah ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1795  to  1796. 

Cradlebaugh,  John;  was  born  in   Ohio;  wa 
elected  a  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Nevada  tc 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Crafts,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  Windham 
County,  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1790;  his  father  effected  the  settlement  o: 
Craftsbury,  Vermont,  and  upon  the  organization  o: 
the  town,  in  1792,  Mr.  Samuel  C.  Crafts  was  chosen 
Town  Clerk,  and  held  the  office  for  thirty-seven  suc 
cessive  years;  was  the  youngest  Delegate  to  the  Con 
vention"  for  revising  the  State  Constitution  in  1793 
in  1796,  1800,  1801,  1803,  and  1805  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State 
from  1796  to  1815  was  Register  of  Probate  for  Orleans 
District;  in  1798  and  1799  was  Clerk  of  the  House  o 
Representatives;  from  1809  to  1812,  and  from  1825  to 
1827,  was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council;  in  180( 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  Orleans  County  Court,  am7 
remained  such  till  1816,  during  the  last  six  year 
as  Chief  Judge;  from  1825  to  1828  was  again  Chie 
Judge,  and  from  1836  to  1838  Clerk  of  the  Court;  in 
1816  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and 


was  re-elected  for  the  three  succeeding  terms;  in  1828 
lected  Governor  of  Vermont,  and  was  re-elected  in 
829  and  1830;  in  1829  was  President  of  the  Consti- 
utional  Convention;  in  1842  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
rnor  Paine,  and  afterwards  elected  by  the  Legisla- 
ure,  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
ne  year;  thus  filled  every  office  in  the  gift  of  Ver- 
nont.  Died  in  Craftsbury,  Vermont,  November  19, 
853,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H.;  was  born  in  Weston,  Ver 
mont,  February  3,  1821;  adverse  circumstances  pre- 

ented  him.  from,  obtaining  a  collegiate  education ; 
4udied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1847;  the  same  year  removed  to  Lebanon, 
Hampshire,  and  practiced  his  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  from 
1852  to  1855;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
state  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  Printing; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  same  Committees;  in  1859  was  again  elected 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1860  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  which  nomi 
nated  Abraham  Lincoln ;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire,  for  the  term 
of  six  years  from  1865,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs,  Territories,  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
Engrossed  Bills ;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  subse 
quently  made  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Con 
tingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate;  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Craig,  Hector ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1830. 

Craig,  James ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  about 
1820;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  Legislature  in  1847;  was  a  Captain  of  a 
Volunteer  Company  in  the  Mexican  War;  Circuit 
Attorney  for  the  Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit  in  Mis 
souri  from  1852  to  1856;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Missouri,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post  Roads ;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Post-Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers  in  1862, 
and  employed  in  the  West. 

Craig,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Ireland,  but  his 
father  was  an  American;  in  1827  was  appointed  Su 
perintendent,  or  Commissioner,  of  the  Patent  Office, 
remaining  in  the  office  only  about  one  year. 

Craig,  Robert;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1841. 

Craige,  Burton ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina,  March  13,  1811;  graduated  at  Chapel 
Hill  in  1829;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1832  and  1834; 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on. 
Revolutionary  Pensions;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion 
of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 
Died  at  Concord,  North  Carolina,  December  30,  1875. 

Craik,  William  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland,  from  1796  to  1801. 

Crain,  William  H.;  was  born  at  Galveston, 
Texas,  November  25,  1848;  graduated  from  the  Col- 


116 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


lege  of  Saint  Francis  Xavier,  New  York  City,  July  1, 
1867,  and,  several  years  later,  received  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  from  that  institution;  studied  law  at  Indian- 
ola,  Texas;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February, 
1871,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  In- 
dianola;  subsequently  settled  at  Cuero,  Texas;  in 
|1872  was  elected  District  Attorney  for  the  Twenty- 
third  Judicial  District  of  Texas;  in  1876  was  elected 
a  State  Senator;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Texas  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Cramer,  John ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1805;  served  three  years  in  the  Assembly,  and  three 
;years  in  the  Senate  of  the  State  of  New  York;  was  a 
'member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1821;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1833  to  1837.  Died,  at  Waterford,  New 
'York,  June  1,  1870,  aged  ninety-two  years. 

Cramer,  Michael  J.;  was  born  at  Schaffhausen, 
Switzerland,  February  6,  1835;  emigrated,  with  his 
.father,  to  the  United  States,  when  a  child,  settling  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio;  was  educated  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University,  at  Delaware,  O.,  where  he  graduated  in 
the  full  classical  and  theological  courses;  joined  the 
Cincinnati  Annual  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
;  copal  Church  in  i860,  and  was  engaged  in  the  pastoral 
'work  for  four  years;  organized  two  loyal  churches  at 
'Nashville,  Tennessee,  during  the  Civil  War,  from 
which  churches  sprang  the  Central  Tennessee  Annual 
Conference;  was  Chaplain  in  the  United  States  Army 
from  1864  to  1867;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed 
United  States  Consul  at  Leipsic,  Germany,  in  1870 
was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Denmark ; 
in  1881  was  transferred  in  a  like  capacity  to  the  Re 
public  of  Switzerland;  was  an  accomplished  scholar, 
linguist,  and  writer;  received,  from  the  Syracuse 
University,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Cranch,  William;  was  born  at  Weymouth. 
Massachusetts,  July  17,  1769;  graduated  at  Harvard 
.University  in  1787,  in  the  class  with  his  first  cousin. 
J.  Q.  Adams;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  July,  1790;  practiced  in  Braintree  and  in  Haver- 
hill;  removed  to  Washington  in  1794;  in  1801  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  (his  brother-in-law), 
on  the  last  night  of  his  administration,  Junior  Assist 
ant  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia;  was  Chief  Justice  from  1805  to  1855;  in 
these  fifty-five  years,  but  two  of  his  decisions  were 
overruled;  he  published  nine  volumes  of  "  Reports  of 
United  States  Supreme  Court,''  and  six  volumes  of 
"  Reports  of  Circuit  Court  of  District  of  Columbia," 
from  1801  to  1841 ;  also  prepared  a  code  of  laws  for 
the  District;  published  a  memoir  of  John  Adams, 
.8vo,  in  1827;  was  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  Died,  in  Washington,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  September  1,  1855. 

Crane,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Elizabethtown, 
New  Jersey;  studied  law;  was,  for  many  years,  Pres 
ident  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1829  to 
1837.  Died  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  November  12,  1852, 
aged  seventy  years. 

Crane,  Stephen;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776. 

Cranston,  Henry  Y.;  was  born  in  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  October  9,  1789;  received  a  limited 
education;  worked  at  a  trade  for  five  years  from  the 
age  of  twelve,  then  commenced  the  business  of  com 
mission  merchant;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  three  years;  in  1818  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  held  the  office  until 
,1833;  was  for  twenty-five  years  annually  elected 


Moderator  for  the  town  of  Newport;  was  a  member 
of  the  several  Conventions  for  framing  and  remodel 
ing  the  State  Constitution,  and  was  Vice-President  of 
the  Convention  in  1842;  from  1827  to  1843  was  a 
member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1847,  when 
he  was  returned  to  the  Legislature,  and  was  several 
times  Speaker  of  that  body,  until  1854,  after  which 
time  he  lived  in  retirement.  Died  at  Newport,  Feb 
ruary  12,  1864. 

Cranston,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island  j 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1849;  in 
1864  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  at  Newport, 
January  27,  1873,  aged  eighty -two  years. 

Crapo,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Dartmouth,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  24,  1804;  resided,  for  many  years, 
in  New  Bedford,  from  which  place  he  removed  to 
Michigan  in  1857;  became  extensively  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  lumber;  was  for  a  time 
Mayor  of  Flint,  where  he  resided;  served  in  the  State 
Senate;  was  twice  elected  Governor  of  the  State — in 
1864  and  1866 — performing  important  services  during 
the  progress  of  the  Rebellion.  Died  in  Flint,  July 
23,  1869. 

Crapo,  William  W.;  was  born  at  Dartmouth, 
Massachusetts,  May  16,  1830;  educated  at  the  public 
schools  of  New  Bedford,  at  Phillips  Academy,  An- 
dover,  and  at  Yale  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1852;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profession  in 
New  Bedford;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1857;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  in  the  place  of 
James  Buffinton,  who  died  before  taking  his  seat  in 
that  Congress,  to  whi«:h  he  had  been  elected;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-lit'ih.  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses;  declined  a  re-nomination. 

Crary,  Isaac  E.;  was  born  in  Preston,  New 
London  County,  Connecticut;  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education;  adopted  the '  profession  of  the  law, 
and  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Michigan;  was  there 
appointed  a  General  of  Militia;  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  in  1835  and  1836; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  the  time  of  its  admission  into  the  Union  in  1836 
to  1841.  Died  in  Marshall,  Michigan,  May  8,  1854. 

Cravens,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  Virginia,  November  4,  1818;  removed  with 
his  father  to  Indiana  in  1820;  spent  his  boyhood  in 
Washington  County,  where  he  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  devoted  much  of  his  life  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  especially  to  the  raising  of  the 
best  breeds  of  cattle;  in  1841  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor;  served  as  a  Major  in  the  Mexican  War  under 
General  Taylor,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Buena  Vista;  in  1848  and  1849  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana;  in  1850  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  serving  three  years;  in  1854  was  commissioned 
a  Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  frequently  presided 
over  the  Board  of  School  Trustees  for  his  township; 
was  Vice-President  and  President  of  the  Washington 
and  Orange  Counties  Agricultural  Societies;  in  1859 
was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  of  Indiana  to  the 
important  position  of  Agent  for  the  State,  which  he 
resigned;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative  i'rom 
Indiana  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Territories;  was  re-elected  to  th< 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Territories;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention  "  of  1S66, 
and  also  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 


BIOG  K  A  I'll  I  CAL     ANNALS. 


117 


Cravens,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Rockingham 
•County,  Virginia,  in  1798;  in  early  life  removed  to 
Indiana,  and  settled  in  Kipley  County;  held  a  num 
ber  of  important  local  offices  in  the  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1841 
to  1843;  was  subsequently  a  candidate  of  the  Free- 
«oil  party  for  the  office  of  Governor,  but  was  unsuc 
cessful;  served  as  Colonel  of  an  Indiana  regiment 
during  the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion. 

Cravens,  Jordan  E.;  was  born  at  Frederick- 
town,  Missouri,  November  7,  1830;  removed,  with 
his  lather,  to  Arkansas,  in  1831;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  studied  law ;  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in.  1854;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  in  1860;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1866;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Arkansas  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty  - 
seventh  Congresses. 

Crawford,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  Georgia,  December  22,  1798;  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1820;  studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  at  Augusta  in  1822;  in  1827  was  elected 
Attorney-General,  and  continued  in  that  office  until 
1831;  was  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1837  to  1842: 
in  1843  was  elected  to  Cougress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1843,  and  re-elected 
in  1845;  was  a  member  of  President  Taylor's  Cabinet 
as  Secretary  of  War;  subsequently  visited  Europe, 
after  which  he  lived  in  retirement  in  Georgia. 

Crawford,  Joel ;  was  born  in  Columbia  County, 
Georgia,  June  15,  1783;  was  educated  by  private 
'tutors;  became  a  student  of  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1808;  in  1813  joined  the  army  of  Gen 
eral  Floyd,  and  served  throughout  the  whole  cam 
paign  as  Aid-de-camp  to  the  General;  after  the  war 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  served  three 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1817  to  1821.  Died 
April  5,  1858. 

Crawford,  Martin  J. ;  was  born  in  Jasper  County, 
Georgia,  March  17,  1820;  was  educated  at  the  Mer 
cer  University;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  Legislature  from  1845  to  1847; 
in  1853  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
for  the  Chattahoochee  Circuit;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  in  the  last  on  the  Committees  on  Ways  and 
Means  and  Roads  and  Canals;  was  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  still  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means;  withdrew  in  1861;  joined  the 
great  Rebellion  of  that  year  as  a  member  of  the  Con 
federate  Congress,  and  was  a  Commissioner  to  Wash 
ington. 

Crawford,  S.  J.;  was  Governor  of  Kansas  from 
1864  to  1869. 

Crawford,  Thomas  Hartley;  was  born  at 
€hambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  November  14,  1786; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1804;  studied  law 
for  three  years,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1829  to  1833;  during  the  last  year  named  was 
•elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1836  was  ap 
pointed  a  Commissioner  to  investigate  certain  alleged 
frauds  in  the  purchase  of  the  reservation  of  land  of 
the  Creek  Indians;  in  1838  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs, 
and  took  up  his  residence  in  Washington,  holding 
that  office  for  seven  years;  in  1845  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  Judge  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  the 


District  of  Columbia,  which  arduous  position  he  oc 
cupied  until  his  death,  which  took  place  in  Washing 
ton,  January  27,  1863. 

Crawford,  William;  was  born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1760;  after  studying  medicine,  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in  Marsh  Creek, 
Adams  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  the 
pioneer  physician;  became  interested  in  politics,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1809  to  1817; 
was  tendered  the  appointment  of  Postmaster  of  Bal 
timore,  by  President  Madison,  but  declined  it.  Died 
on  his  farm  in  1823. 

Crawford,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Alabama  in  1810;  held  a  number  of  Federal 
and  State  offices;  was  Receiver  of  Moneys  for  Public 
Lands;  a  Commissioner  to  settle  certain  claims  under 
a  treaty  with  England,  France,  and  Spain;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  Alabama;  was  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  Alabama.  Died  at  Mobile, 
April  28,  1849. 

Crawford,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Amherst 
County,  Virginia,  February  24,  1772;  with  his  father 
settled  in  Georgia  in  1783;  received  an  academic 
education;  subsequently  had  the  management  of 
Richmond  Academy;  studied  law;  took  a  high  po 
sition  in  his  profession;  in  1799  was  appointed  to 
prepare  a  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia;  a  con 
spiracy  having  been  organized  to  drive  him  from  the 
bar,  was  challenged  by  a  man  named  Van  Allen, 
whom  he  killed  at  the  first  fire;  served  four  years  in 
the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1807  to  1813,  and  during  part  of 
the  Twelfth  Congress  officiated  as  President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate:  President  Madison  invited  him  into 
his  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War,  but  he  declined  the 
honor,  accepting,  instead,  the  post  of  Minister  to 
France,  in  1813;  on  his  return,  however,  at  the  end 
of  two  years,  he  became  Secretary  of  War;  in  1817 
was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  where  he  served  with  marked  ability  until 
1825,  during  which  year  he  received  a  flattering  vote 
for  President  of  the  United  States;  in  1827  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Northern  Circuit  of  Georgia, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Albert  County,  Georgia,  September  15,  1834. 

Creamer,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Ireland, 
May  26,  1843;  educated  in  the  common  schools  of 
New  York;  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1864,  1865,  and 
1866;  to  the  State  Senate  in  1867  and  1869;  was  ap 
pointed  Tax  Commissioner  for  New  York  City  in 
1869.  serving  until  1873;  was  President  of  the  Young 
Democrats'  General  Committee  in  1870;  Delegate  to 
the  Baltimore  National  Convention  in  1872;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Crebs,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Middleburg,  Lon 
don  County,  Virginia,  April  7,  1830;  went,  with  his 
parents,  to  Illinois  in  1837;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  during  his  minority  worked  upon  a 
farm ;  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  commenced  the  study 
of  law;  settled  in  White  County,  Illinois,  where  he 
practiced  the  profession;  in  1862  entered  the  Volun 
teer  Army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel;  participated  in 
all  the  Mississippi  movements  until  the  capture  of 
Vicksburg,  and  was  also  in  the  Arkansas  campaign, 
commanding  a  brigade  of  cavalry  in  the  Department 
of  the  Gulf  ;  after  the  war  returned  to  his  profession;' 
in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  tc 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  tho  Commitec  \)i 


118 


BIOGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Agriculture;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Con- 
•gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Creely,  John  V.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
November  14,  1»39;  received  a  classical  education; 
studied  law;  served  in  the  army  as  an  officer  of  light 
artillery  throughout  the  late  Eebellion ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Councils  of  Philadelphia  for  four  years; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on 
the  'Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Creighton,  "William ;    was  born  in  Berkeley 

County,  Virginia,  October  29,  1778;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  when  quite  young;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty ;  in 
1798  settled  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  devoting  himself  to 
his  profession,  and  holding  many  positions  of  public 
trust;  was  the  first  Secretary  of  State  for  Ohio ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1813  to  1817,  and  again  from  1827  to  1833.  Died  at 
Chillicothe,  October  8,  1851,  having  for  many  years 
previously  declined  all  public  office. 

Creighton,  William,  Jr. ;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio; 
was  liberally  educated ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was 
appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of 
Ohio. 

Creswell,  John  A.  J.;  was  born  in  Port  De 
posit,  Cecil  County,  Maryland,  November  18,  1828; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1848;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  of  Maryland 
in  1850;  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  House  of 
Delegates  in  1861  and  1862;  from  August,  1862,  to 
April,  1863,  was  an  Assistant  Adjutant-General  for 
Maryland;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce  and  Invalid  Pensions;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864;  in 
March,  1865,  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  T.  H.  Hicks,  deceased,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Mines  and 
Mining,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Library ;  by  request  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
delivered  an  Eulogy  on  his  friend  and  colleague, 
Henry  Winter  Davis,  on  February  22,  1866 ;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866,  the  "Border  States'  Convention,"  held 
in  Baltimore  in  1867,  and  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1868;  in  May,  1868,  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  but  declined;  on  March  5, 
1869,  entered  the  Cabinet  of  President  Grant  as  Post- 
master-G  eneral. 

Crisfleld,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Kent  County, 
Maryland,  November  6,  1808;  received  his  education 
at  Washington  College,  Chestertown;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  settled  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Somerset  County;  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1836;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1847  to 
1849;  in  1850  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  1861  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Peace  Congress;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Public  Lands  and  on  Public  Ex 
penditures;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Crisp,  Charles  F.;  was  born  at  Sheffield,  Eng 
land,  where  his  parents  had  gone  on  a  professional 
tour,  January  29,  1845;  was  brought,  by  them,  to 
the  United  States,  the  same  year;  received  a  common 
school  education  in  Savannah  and  Macon,  Georgia; 
was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Confederate  Army  from  May, 
1861,  to  May,  1864,  when  he  was  taken  prisoner; 


was  released  from  Fort  Delaware,  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  returned  to  Ellaville,  Georgia,  where  his 
parents  then  resided ;  read  law  in  Americus,  Georgia, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  there  in  1866;  com 
menced  practice  in  Ellaville;  in  1872  was  appointed 
Solicitor-General  of  the  Southwestern  Circuit,  and, 
in  1873,  was  re-appointed  for  a  term  of  four  years;  in 
the  latter  year  removed  to  Americus,  Georgia;  in  1877 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
Southwestern  Judicial  Circuit;  in  1878  was  elected, 
by  the  General  Assembly,  to  the  same  office,  and  in 
1880  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  four  years;  resigned 
in  1882  and  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Crist,  Henry;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1764;  re 
moved,  with  his  father,  to  Pennsylvania  during  the 
Revolutionary  War;  in  1788  became  extensively  en 
gaged  in  the  manufacture  of  salt  in  Bullitt  County, 
Kentucky;  the  company  was  attacked  by  a  party  of 
Indians,  and  during  the  conflict  he  was  wounded  in 
the  foot,  and  made  his  escape  by  crawling  night  and 
day,  being  four  days  without  food ;  was  rescued  by  a 
workman  from  the  salt  licks,  but  was  disabled  for  a- 
year  in  consequence  of  his  injuries;  was  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  1795 ;  a  State  Senator 
from  1800  to  1804;  a  Representative  from  Kentucky 
in  Congress  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  in  Bullitt 
County,  in  1844. 

Critcher,  John ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Virginia,  March  11,  1820;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia  in  1839;  studied  three  years  at 
the  University  of  France ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Virginia  and  the 
State  Convention  of  1861 ;  served  during  the  war  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Cavalry ;  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Eighth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Virginia;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Coins  and  Coinage. 

Crittenden,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Wood  ford 
County,  Kentucky,  in  September,  1786;  when  quite 
young  entered  the  army;  during  the  war  .of  1812 
served  as  Major  under  General  Hopkins,  in  his  expe 
dition,  and  was  Aid-de-cnmp  to  Governor  Shelby  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames;  after  adopting  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law,  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  j 
entered  Congress  as  a  member  of  the  Senate  from 
Kentucky,  in  1817,  serving  then  but  two  years;  from 
1819  to  1835  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  residing  principally  at  Frankfort,  and  occasion 
ally  representing  his  county  in  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1835  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  body  until  March, 
1841,  when  he  was  appointed  Attorney-General  by 
President  Harrison ;  in  September,  1841,  resigned  with 
the  other  members  of  the  Cabinet,  except  Mr.  Web 
ster,  and  retired  to  private  life,  from  which,  however, 
he  was  called,  by  the  Legislature,  to  resume  his  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  in  1842,  in  the  place  of 
Henry  Clay,  resigned;  was  also  elected  a  Senator  for 
another  term  of  six  years,  from  March,  1843;  in  1848, 
having  received  the  Whig  nomination  for  Governor 
of  Kentucky,  retired  from  the  Senate,  and  was  elected 
to  that  office,  which  he  held  until  his  appointment  as 
Attorney-General  by  President  Fillniore,  in  July, 
1850;  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
in  1855,  for  the  term  ending  in  1861,  and  was,  when 
he  retired,  the  oldest  member  of  that  body;  in  1860 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving,  as  he  had  always- 
done  in  the  Senate,  on  the  most  important  Commit 
tees,  and  a  Compromise  measure  which  he  originated 
has  passed  into  history  bearing  his  name.  Died  at 


B  I  O  G  R  A  P  H  I C  A  L     ANNALS. 


11!) 


Louisville,  Kentucky,  July  25,  18(53.  His  biography 
was  subsequently  published  in  two  volumes  by  one 
of  his  daughters. 

Crittenden,  Thomas  T.;  was  born  in  Shelby 
County,  Kentucky,  January  2,  1834;  graduated  at 
Centre  College  in  1855;  studied  law  at  Frankfort; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  Missouri  in  1864,  to  till  an  unex- 
pired  term;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress 
from  Missouri,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions;  was  elected  Governor  of  Missouri  for  the 
term  of  four  years,  from  January,  1881. 

Crocheron,  Henry;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Crocheron,  Jacob ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831;  in  1837 
was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

Crocker,  Alvah;  was  born  in  Leominster, 
Massachusetts,  October  14,  1801;  entered  a  factory  at 
eight  years  of  age;  received  an  academic  education; 
became  proprietor  of  a  paper  manufactory;  was 
President  of  the  Boston  and  Fitchburg  Railroad ;  a 
Commissioner  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1836,  1842,  and  1843;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  two  terms;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  oc 
casioned  by  the  resignation  of  William  B.  Washburn, 
in  1872;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- third  Congress, 
serving  on  several  Committees.  Died  in  Fitchburg, 
December  26,  1874. 

Crocker,  Samuel  L.;  was  born  in  Taunton, 
Massachusetts,  March  31,  1804;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1822;  held  various  municipal  offices; 
in  1849  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Executive  Coun 
cil  of  Massachusetts;  was  engaged  in  manufacturing; 
was  a  Representative  from.  Massachusetts  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress. 

Crockett,  David ;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Tennessee,  August  17,  1786,  of  Irish  parents;  his 
father  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  commenced 
the  active  duties  of  life  when  twelve  years  old,  by 
becoming  a  drover,  and,  instead  of  going  to  school, 
chose  the  fortunes  of  an  adventurer;  served  under  Gen 
eral  Jackson,  in  some  of  the  Indian  wars,  as  a  Colonel, 
and  became,  for  a  time,  his  fast  friend;  had  a  natural 
predilection  for  politics;  his  smartness  and  eccentric 
ities  made  him  very  popular  on  the  frontiers,  and 
caused  him  to  be  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Tenn 
essee;  was  fond  of  the  woods,  and  had  no  equal  as  a 
bear-hunter;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1827,  from 
Tennessee,  and  served  until  1831;  was  again  elected 
in  1833,  serving  until  1835;  while  in  Washington  he 
was  always  at  his  post  of  duty,  never  forgetting  the 
welfare  of  his  constituents,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
popular  men  in  Congress.  He  was  killed  at  the  Al 
amo,  Texas,  March  1,  1836. 

Crockett,  John  W.;  was  the  son  of  the  cele 
brated  David  Crockett;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1838  to  1843.  Died  at 
Memphis,  November  24,  1852. 

Crooke,  Philip  S.;  was  born  in  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York,  March  2,  1810;  was  educated  at  the 
Dutchess  Academy,  at  Poughkeepsie;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1831;  located  at  Flatbush  in 
1838;  was  elected  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1863;  was  a  Su 
pervisor  of  Kings  County  from  1844  to  1870,  and 
Chairman  of  the  Board  four  years;  served  forty  years 
in  the  National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New  York,  from 
private  to  Brigadier-General;  commanded  the  Fifth 


Brigade  in  Pennsylvania  in  1863;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Education  and  Labor. 

Crosbie,  Henry  B.;  was  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah, 
residing  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

Crosby,  Elisha  O.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  1861  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Guatemala, 
where  he  remained  until  1864. 

Crosby,  John  Schuyler ;  was  born  near  Albany, 
New  York,  September  19,  1839;  received  a  classical 
education  at  the  New  York  University;  was  appointed 
a  First-Lieutenant  in  the  First  United  States  Artil 
lery  in  1861 ;  served  with  gallantry  in  many  of  the 
most  important  engagements  of  the  Civil  War;  was  a 
member  of  the  Staff  of  General  W.  T.  Sherman ;  after 
wards  Captain  and  Aid-de-camp  on  the  Staff  of  Gen 
eral  Banks;  was  the  first  officer  to  pass  down  the 
Red  River,  by  the  enemy's  batteries,  and  establish 
communication  with  Admiral  Farragut  and  General 
Grant  below  Vicksburg;  served,  for  a  time,  on  the 
Staff  of  General  Canby,  and  then  became  a  member 
of  the  Staff  of  Lieutenaut-General  Sheridan,  accom 
panying  that  officer  in  all  his  campaigns,  including 
the  Indian  wars,  until  1872,  when  he  resigned  to  en 
ter  commercial  life  in  New  York  City;  during  his 
service  was  four  times  brevetted  for  gallantry,  and 
was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  Seventh  New  York 
Heavy  Artillery,  which  commission  he  declined ;  re 
ceived  a  life-saving  medal  of  the  first  class,  by  act  of 
Congress,  for  "  heroic  daring  and  saving  life"  during 
the  foundering  of  the  yacht  Mohawk  in  1876;  in  1876 
was  appointed  United  States  Consul  at  Florence, 
Italy,  and  served  until  1882,  when  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Montana. 

Crosby,  "William  G-.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Cross,  Edward;  Avas  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of 
Arkansas ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1839  to  1845. 

Crossland,  Edward;  was  born  in  Hickman 
County,  Kentucky,  June  30,  1827;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1857;  elected  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  in  the  First  District  for  six  years, 
in  1867,  and  resigned  in  1870;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Elections. 

Croswell,  Charles  M.;  was  born  at  Newburg, 
New  York,  October  31,  1825;  in  his  infancy  his  pa 
rents  removed  to  New  York  City,  where  he  received 
a  common  school  education;  his  parents  both  dying 
in  1832,  he  was  left  in  charge  of  relatives,  with 
whom  he  removed  to  Adrian,  Michigan,  in  1837; 
learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter,  and  followed  it  for 
a  livelihood  until  almost  of  age;  was  elected  Register 
of  Deeds,  of  Lewanee  County,  in  1850,  and  re-elected 
in  1852;  in  1854  was  a  member,  and  Secretary,  of 
the  State  Convention  at  Jackson,  Michigan,  from 
which  sprung  the  Republican  party;  having  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855  and  engaged  in 
practice;  in  1862  was  appointed  City  Attorney,  and 
the  same  year  was  elected  Mayor  of  Adrian ;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1863,  1865,  and  1867;  was  a  mem 
ber,  and  chosen  President,  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1867;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1868;  was  a  member,  and  Speaker,  of  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  in  1873;  was  Secretary  of 
the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections  from 
1871  to  1876;  was  elected  Governor  of  Michigan  in 


120 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1876,  and  re-elected  in  1878;  became  President  of  the 
Lewanee  County  Savings  Bank,  at  Adrian.  Died,  at 
his  home  in  Adrian,  Michigan,  December  13,  1886. 

Crouch,  Edward;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1815. 

Orounse,  Lorenzo ;  was  born  in  Schoharie  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  January  27,  1834  :  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  in  1855  removed  to  Montgomery 
Coun,ty,  New  York,  and  there  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law;  raised  a  battery  of  artillery  in  1861,  and  en 
tered  the  army  as  Captain;  was  wounded  and  resigned 
after  a  year's  service;  in  1865  removed  to  Nebraska 
Territory ;  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legisla 
ture  in  1866,  and  assisted  in  framing  its  present  State 
Constitution;  was  elected  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  in  1867, 
when  Nebraska  was  admitted  into  the  Union ;  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  on  the  bench,  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Terri 
tories  and  the  Militia. 

Crowell,  John ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Alabama;  was  chosen  Delegate  to  Congress  when  the 
Territory  of  Alabama  was  established  in  1817,  and 
served  till  1819,  when  the  State  Constitution  was 
formed ;  was  elected  first  Representative  to  Congress, 
serving  until  1821,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  soon  afterwards  was 
appointed  Agent  for  the  Creek  Indians,  then  inhab 
iting  large  portions  of  Alabama  and  Georgia,  and  ex 
ercised  extensive  influence  over  them,  until  their  re 
moval  west  of  the  Mississippi,  in  1836.  Died  near 
Fort  Mitchell,  Alabama,  June  25,  1846. 

Crowell,  John  ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1847  to 
1851 ,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Affairs. 

Crowley,  Richard ;  was  born  at  Lockport,  New 
York,  December  14,  1836;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1860;  was  City  Attorney  in  1865;  was  a  State  Sen 
ator  from  1866  to  1870;  was  United  States  District 
Attorney  from  1871  to  1879,  when  he  resigned;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses. 

Crowninshield,  Benjamin  W.;  was  born  in 
Essex  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1774;  filled,  with 
general  acceptance,  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in  December,  1814, 
by  President  Madison,  and  served  until  his  resigna 
tion,  in  November,  1818;  in  1820  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  If-  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  Salem  District  of  Massachusetts, 
and  continued  in  that  position  until  1831.  Died  in 
Boston,  February  8,  1851. 

Crowninshield,  Jacob ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1801 ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1803  to  1805;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
by  President  Jefferson,  March  3,  1805.  Died  April 
14,  1808. 

Croxton,  John  T.;  was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky; 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Bolivia  in  1872. 

Croxton,  Thomas  ;  was  born  at  Tappahannock, 
Essex  County,  Virginia,  March  15,  1822;  was  edu 
cated  at  primary  schools  in  Tappahannock,  at  Rap- 
pahannock,  and  Fleetwood  Academies,  and  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  studied  law,  and  graduated 
in  that  profession  in  June,  1842;  was  admitted  to  the 


bar  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Tappa 
hannock;  was  Commonwealth  Attorney  for  his  native 
county  from  1852  to  1865,  when  he  resigned;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1880;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Crozier,  John  H. ;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845 
to  1849. 

Crudup,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Wake  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1821  to  1823,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Cl-iims. 

Cruger,  Daniel ;  was  a  member  of  tne  New  York 
Assembly  a  number  of  years;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1817  to  1819. 

Cruger,  John ;  was  Mayor  of  New  York  City  in 
1764;  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  in  1765;  a  proposer 
of  the  First  Provincial  Congress  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1775,  and  became  a  prominent  member  of 
that  body,  being  the  writer  of  its  "Declaration  of 
Rights."  Died  in  New  York  about  the  year  1791, 
aged  eighty-two  years. 

Crump,  G-eorge  William ;  was  born  in  Pow- 
hatan  County,  Virginia;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege;  studied  medicine  and  practiced  the  profession; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1826  to  1827,  in 
the  place  of  John  Randolph,  resigned;  from  1832  to 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1850,  was  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
Pension  Bureau  in  Washington. 

Crump,  "William;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia; 
from  1844  to  1847  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Chili. 

Crutchfield,  William  ;  was  born  in  Greeneville, 
Tennessee,  November  16,  1826;  received  a  common 
school  education;  settled  in  McMinn  County,  where 
he  remained  until  1840;  removed  to  Alabama  in  1844, 
and  carried  on  a  farm;  in  1850  became  a  citizen  of 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee;  held  several  local  offices; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Eevolutionary  Pensions  and 
Patents. 

Culberson,  David  B.;  was  born  in  Troupe 
County,  Georgia,  September  29,  1830;  was  educated 
at  La  Grange;  studied  law,  and  went  to  the  bar  in 
his  twenty-first  year;  removed  to  Texas,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1859;  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army  in  1862  as  a  private,  and  rose  to  be 
an  Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel;  in 
1864  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Texas;  subse- 
qupntly  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Culbertson,  W.  W.;  was  born  in  the  Kishaco- 
quillas  Valley,  in  Central  Pennsylvania,  September 
23,  1835;  received  a  good  education;  removed  to  Ohio; 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Captain  in  1861,  and 
served  three  years;  removed  to  Indiana,  then  to 
Iowa,  and  finally  settled  in  Kentucky;  received  a 
majority  of  the  votes  cast  in  a  contest  for  the  State 
Assembly,  but  was  denied  his  seat;  two  years  later 
was  elected  State  Senator,  and  served  four  years;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  For 
ty-eighth  Congress. 

Culbreth,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Kent  County, 
Delaware;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1817  to  1821. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


121 


Cullen,  Elisha  D.;  was  born  in  Delaware;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Cullen,  William ;  was  born  in  the  North  of  Ire 
land  March  4, 1826;  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
with  his  parents;  when  a  child,  and  settled  in  Pitts 
burgh,  Pennsylvania;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  in  1846  removed  to  Illinois,  and  engaged  in 
farming;  was  Sheriff  of  La  Salle  County,  and  held 
other  local  offices;  became  part  owner  and  senior 
editor  of  the  Ottawa  Republican  newspaper;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress. 

Cullom,  Alvan;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
adopted  the  law  as  his  profession;  served  frequently 
in  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Cullom,  Shelby  M. ;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Kentucky,  November  22,  1829;  was  educated  at 
Rock  River  Seminary,  in  Illinois;  studied  law  at 
Springfield,  Illinois,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1855;  was  immediately  elected  City  Attorney  of 
Springfield ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1856;  was  again  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  in  1860,  and  was  chosen  Speaker;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  both  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty -first  Congresses;  was  again  elected  to  the  lower 
House  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1872,  and  again 
chosen  Speaker;  was  re-elected  in  1874;  in  1876  was 
elected  Governor  of  Illinois  for  the  term  of  four  years, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880;  in  1883  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1883,  and  resigned  the  office  of  Gov 
ernor. 

Cullom,  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee,  from  1851  to  1855;  was  Clerk 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  during  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Culpepper,  John ;  was  born  in  Anson  County, 
North  Carolina;  represented  that  State  in  Congress 
from  1807  to  1808,  when  his  seat  was  vacated  by 
Resolution  of  the  House;  was  re-elected,  and  served 
from  1813  to  1817,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  from  1823 
to  1825;  was  a  Baptist  preacher;  was  elected  to  the 
General  Assembly,  but  his  seat  was  vacated  on  Con 
stitutional  grounds. 

Culver,  Charles  Vernon  ;  was  born  in  Logan, 
Ohio,  September  6,  1830;  spent  the  most  of  his  life 
actively  engaged  in  business  pursuits;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Bank 
ing  and  Currency  and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

Culver,  Erastus  D.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1826; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1838  and 
1841;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

Culver,  E.  D.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York;  in 
1862  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Venezuela, 
where  he  remained  until  1866. 

Cumback,  Will ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Indiana,  March  24,  1829;  was  educated  at  the  Miami 
University,  Ohio;  taught  school  for  one  or  two  years; 
attended  the  Law  School  at  Cincinnati,  and  adopter* 
the  legal  profession;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  a 


Presidential  Elector  ill  1861;  during  that  year  was 
appointed  an  additional  Paymaster  in  the  Army. 

Gumming',  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Mary~ 
land;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Gumming  William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1784. 

Cummings,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1865  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Colorado,  residing  in  Denver  City,  and 
remaining  in  office  two  years. 

Cummings,  Henry  J.  B.;  was  born  at  Newton, 
New  Jersey,  May  21,  1831;  was  educated  in  the  pub 
lic  schools  of  Pennsylvania;  became  editor  of  a  news 
paper  at  the  age  of  nineteen;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania; 
removed  to  Winterset,  Iowa,  in  1856;  in  that  year 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Madison  County, 
and  held  the  office  for  two  years;  in  1861  enlisted  in 
the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry  Regiment,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  re 
turned  home  in  1865  and  became  editor  and  proprie 
tor  of  a  newspaper;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Cummins,  John ;  was  born  in  Indiana;  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  Idaho,  where  he  was  appointed  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
Territory,  residing  at  Boise  City. 

Cummins,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania: 
was  a  Representative  from  Ohio  during  the  Thirtieth 
Congress.  Died  of  cholera,  at  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
September  11,  1848. 

Cunningham,  Francis  A.;  was  born  in  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Currier,  Moody ;  was  born  at  Roscommon,  New 
Hampshire,  April  22,  1806;  from  early  boyhood  he 
was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and  he  gained 
his  rudimentary  education  by  studying  by  the  light 
of  pine  knots  after  his  day's  work  was  done;  by  dint 
of  the  same  perseverance  and  determination  he  se 
cured  a  common  school  education  and  worked  his 
way  through  a  course  at  Dartmouth  College,  from 
which  institution  he  graduated  in  1834,  with  high 
honors;  he  then  became  Principal  of  the  Hopkinton 
Academy,  and  afterwards  of  the  High  School  at  Low 
ell,  Massachusetts,  and,  Avhile  filling  these  positions, 
read  law;  in  1841  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  at  Manchester,  New 
Hampshire;  soon  afterwards  established  the  Amos- 
keag  (now  the  Amoskeag  National)  Bank  and  the 
Amoskeag  Savings  Bank;  also  became  connected  with 
other  financial,  and  with  industrial  enterprises;  was, 
for  several  years,  a  member  of  the  City  Government 
of  Manchester;  was  twice  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate 
of  New  Hampshire ;  served  two  terms  as  a  State  Sen 
ator;  was  twice  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  in  1884  was  elected 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  for  two  years  from  June, 
1885;  he  was  devoted  to  literature,  and  among  his 
productions  was  a  volume  of  poems;  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Dartmouth  Col 
lege. 

Gurry,  G-eorge  L.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
removed  to  Oregon ;  was  appointed  Governor  of  that 
Territory  in  1854,  remaining  in  office  until  1859. 

Curry,  Jabez  L.  M.;  was  born  in  Lincoln  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  June  5,  1825;  removed  with  his  father 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  1838  to  Talladega  County,  Alabama;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia  in  1843,  and  at  the  Dane 
Law  School,  Harvard  University,  in  1845,  and  prac 
ticed  law  with  success  in  Alabama;  in  1846  joined 
the  Texas  Rangers  for  the  Mexican  War,  but  soon 
returned  on  account  of  ill-health;  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature  of  Alabama  in 
1847,  1853,  and  1855;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856; 
in  1857  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Alabama,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims  and  Expenditures  in  the  State  De 
partment;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  withdrew 
in  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  that  year 
as  a  member  of  the  Rebel  Congress;  after  the  close 
of  the  Rebellion  was  ordained  a  Preacher  of  the  Gos 
pel  in  the  Baptist  Church;  in  1865  was  appointed 
President  of  Howard  College,  in  Alabama,  and  in 
1868  a  Professor  in  a  Richmond  College;  in  1881 
resigned  his  professorship  in  Richmond  College  to 
become  General  Agent  of  the  Peabody  Fund;  in 
October,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Spain. 

Curtin,  Andrew  Gregg ;  was  born  at  Belle- 
fonte,  Pennsylvania,  April  28,  1817;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1839,  and  practiced  at  Bellefontaine ;  from 
1855  to  1858  was  Secretary  of  State,  and  Superin 
tendent  of  Common  Schools  for  Pennsylvania;  in 
1860  was  elected  Governor;  during  the  Civil  War,  in 
1861,  was  zealous  in  organizing  troops,  and  in  May, 
1861,  in  a  message  to  the  Legislature,  advised  the 
establishment  of  a  reserve  corps,  which  rendered 
important  service  to  the  country;  was  re-elected 
Governor  in  1863,  and  was  active  in  the  election  of 
General  Grant  to  the  Presidency,  by  whom  he  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Russia,  in  April,  1869;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Curtis,    Benjamin    Bobbins;    was    born   in 

Watertown,  Massachusetts,  November  4,  1809;  grad 
uated  at  Harvard  University  in  1829;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1832;  was  devoted  to  his 
profession;  settled  in  Boston  in  1834;  served  two 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1851  was  appointed, 
by  President  Fillmore,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which  position  he  re 
signed  in  1857;  in  March,  1868,  acted  as  one  of  the 
Counsel  for  President  Andrew  Johnson,  before  the 
High  Court  of  Impeachment;  subsequently  practiced 
law  in  Boston;  was  author  and  compiler  of  about 
twenty-five  volumes  of  legal  reports  and  decisions; 
was  made  LL.D.  by  Harvard  University.  Died  at 
Newport,  Rhode  Island,  September  15,  1874. 

Curtis,  Carlton  B.;  was  born  in  Madison  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  December  17,  1811,  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1836,  1837,  and  1838; 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third 
Congresses;  served  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  as 
Colonel  of  a  Pennsylvania  regiment;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Territories  and  the  War  Department.  Died  at 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  March  17,  1883. 

Curtis,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College,  New  York;  practiced  law  in 
New  York  City ;  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  coun 
cils  of  that  city;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1837  to  1841;  was  appointed 
Collector  of  New  York,  by  President  Harrison,  and 
removed  by  President  Polk;  was  an  intimate  friend 
of  Daniel  Webster. 


Curtis,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio  (while  his 
parents  were  emigrating  to  the  West  from  Connecti 
cut),  February  3,  1807;  graduated  at  the  West  Point 
Academy  in  1831,  and  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant, 
in  the  United  States  Infantry,  but  resigned  in  1832;, 
studied  and  practiced  law  in  Ohio;  was  subsequently' 
an  engineer  in  Ohio  and  Iowa;  from  1837  to  1840  was: 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Muskingum  Works;  during' 
the  Mexican  War  served  as  an  Adjutant-General  in- 
mustering  the  State  troops;  went  to  Mexico  as  a 
Colonel  under  General  Taylor,  and  acted  for  a  time 
as  Governor  of  Matamoras,  Camargo,  Monterey,  and 
Saltillo,  performing  much  important  service;  on  his 
return  from  Mexico  practiced  law  for  a  time,  but  was 
called  to  Iowa  and  Missouri  to  perform  important 
labors  as  an  engineer,  in  improvements  of  harbors  and 
the  building  of  railroads;  finally  settled  at  Keokuk, 
in  Iowa;  was  elected  from  that  State  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs, 
and  also  on  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on 
the  Rebellious  States;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace 
Congress  in  1861;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  but  resigned  in  1861,  to  serve  as  a  Brigadier 
and  Major-General  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
Rebellion;  was  subsequently  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  inspect  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Died 
at  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  December  25,  1866. 

Gushing,  Caleb  ;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Essex 
County,  Massachusetts,  January  17,  1800;  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1817;  was  subsequently  Pro 
fessor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in; 
that  institution;  studied  law  at  Cambridge,  and  set 
tled  in  Newburyport  to  practice,  having  come  to  the, 
bar  in  1822;  in  1825  and  1826  served  in  the  State>, 
Legislature;  in  1829  visited  Europe  for  pleasure,, 
publishing  on  his  return,  "  Reminiscences  of  Spain," 
and  "Review  of  the  Revolution  in  France;"  also* 
wrote  for  the  North  American  Review;  in  1833  and 
1834  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1843;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Commissioner  and' 
Envoy  to  China,  and  as  such  negotiated  an  important 
treaty;  in  1846  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature;, 
in  1847  was  chosen  Colonel  of  the  Massachusetts! 
Regiment  of  Volunteers  for  the  Mexican  War;  wasi 
afterwards  appointed  a  Brigadier-General,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk;  in  1850  was,  for  the  fifth  time,  elected  to 
the  Legislature;  in  1851  was  made  a  Justice  of  the- 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  when  President  Pierce* 
came  into  power,  he  invited  General  Gushing  into; 
his  cabinet  as  Attorney-General;  on  his  return  home 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  his  native* 
State;  in  1860  was  elected  President  of  the  Charles 
ton  Convention  to  nominate  a  President;  in  July, 
1866,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  one  of 
three  to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  under  a  law  of  Congress,  but  resigned  in  1868;; 
in  1873  was  nominated  for  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su-i 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States,  but  withdrawn  j; 
in  1874  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Spain. 

Gushing,  Courtland ;  was  a  citizen  of  Indiana; 
in  1850  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Ecuador, 
where  he  remained  until  1853. 

Gushing,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  24,  1725;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni-. 
versity  in  1744,  and  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of! 
Laws  from  the  same  in  1785;  was,  for  many  years,  a; 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Provincial  and  Continental  Congresses; 
was  soon  afterwards  elected  to  the  Council;  made 
Commissary-General  in  1775;  Judge  of  the  Common 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


123 


Pleas  and  of  the  Probate  Courts  in  1877;  was  Lieu 
tenant  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1779,  and  also 
acting  Governor;  declined  a  re-election  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  the  same  year;  in  England  he  was 
considered  a  leader  of  the  American  Whigs;  was  on 
intimate  terms  with  Hancock  and  Franklin  ;  was  a 
Commissioner  of  the  Society  in  London  for  Propa 
gating  the  Gospel;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  Died 
February  28,  1788. 

Gushing1,  William;  was  born  in  1733;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  College  in  1751;  in  1772  became 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Massachusetts  ;  in 
1777  was  promoted  to  Chief  Judge;  in  1789  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  continued  until  his  death  in  1810;  in  1796 
was  tendered  the  position  of  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  but  declined  the  promotion;  received 
from  Harvard  College  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

Cushman,  John  F.;  was  a  citizen  of  Mississippi; 
in  1859  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the  Ar 
gentine  Confederation,  remaining  there  until  1861, 
when  he  returned  to  the  United  States. 

Cushman,  John  Paine  ;  was  born  in  Pomfret, 
Connecticut,  in  1784;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1807;  studied  law;  removed  to  Troy,  New  York, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  ;  served  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1817  to  1819;  in  1838  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  having  pre 
viously  been  Recorder  of  the  city  of  Troy,  and  one 
of  the  Regents  of  the  State  University  ;  died  in 
Troy,  New  York,  September  16,  1848.  He  was  a  man 
of  eminence  in  his  profession,  and  discharged  with 
ability  the  duties  of  the  various  offices  with  which  he 
was  intrusted. 

Cushman,  Joshua  ;  was  born  in  Plymouth, 
Massachusetts  ;  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1787; 
studied  theology;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1809,  1810, 
1819,  and  1820,  and  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1811  and  1834;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1819  to  1821;  represented 
Maine  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1825,  after  its  separa 
tion  from  Massachusetts.  Died  in  1834. 


,  Samuel  ;  was  born  in  1783  ;  was 
Judge  of  the  Police  Court  of  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire  ;  held  several  offices  of  trust  in  the  State, 
such  as  Councilor,  from  1833  to  1835,  County  Treas 
urer,  from  1823  to  1828,  and  Navy  Agent  at  Ports 
mouth,  from  1845  to  1849;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1835  to  1839. 
Died  in  Portsmouth,  May  20,  1851. 

Cutchaon,  Byron  M.;  was  born  at  Pembroke, 
New  HamDshire,  May  11,  1836;  removed,  when  a 
youth,  to  Michigan;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  at  Michigan  University  in  1861;  was 
Principal  of  the  High  School  at  Ypsilanti,  Michigan, 
in  1861  and  1862;  in  the  latter  year  entered  the 
Union  Army  as  Lieutenant,  and  served  until  1865, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier- 
General;  commanded  the  Second  Brigade,  Ninth 
Army  Corps,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  for  a  time  ; 
studied  law;  graduated  from  the  Michigan  Law 
School  in  1866,  and  was  admitted  to  practice;  was 
State  Commissioner  of  Railroads  from  1866  to  1873, 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  Regent  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  from  1875  to  1883,  when  he 
resigned;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michi 
gan  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred  ;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1803; 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from 
1814  to  1817;  again  from  1821  to  1827;  was  a  Sen 
ator  of  the  United  States  from  1837  to  1843.  Died  in 
1856. 

Cuthbert,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  in  1778;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1805;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his 
native  State  from  1818  to  1821;  was  appointed,  by 
the  President,  in  1822,  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians;  partieipated  in  the 
great  debate  on  the  Missouri  Compromise  in  1820. 

Cutler,  Augustus  W.;  wasborninMorristownr 
New  Jersey,  in  1829 ;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  a  Prosecutor  for  Morris  County;  took  an  in 
terest  in  educational  matters,  and  became  President 
of  a  local  Board  of  Education;  in  1871  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate ;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress ; 
was  active  in  the  Temperance  cause,  and  in  the  rights 
of  his  State  in  her  swamp  lands;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Cutler,  Manasseh ;  was  born  in  Killingly,  Con 
necticut,  in  1742;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1765; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1767; 
removed  to  Dedham,  Massachusetts,  in  1769;  studied 
for  the  ministry,  and  was  ordained  in  1771 ;  was  set 
tled  as  pastor  of  a  church  in  Hamilton,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  11,  1771;  distinguished  him 
self  by  his  attention  to  several  branches  of  Natural 
History,  particularly  by  first  essaying  a  scientific 
description  of  the  plants  of  New  England,  an  ac 
count  of  several  hundred  of  which,  communicated 
by  him,  was  published  by  the  American  Academy,  of 
which  he  was  a  member;  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  College;  he  was 
one  of  the  first  scientific  explorers  of  the  White 
Mountains ;  in  1787  he  organized  an  expedition  to 
the  Northwest  Territory;  in  1788,  with  General  Rufus 
Putnam,  commenced  a  settlement  at  Marietta,  on 
the  Muskingum,  Ohio;  in  1790  returned  with  his- 
family  to  New  England;  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  Legislature;  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Hamil 
ton,  Massachusetts,  until  his  death;  in  1800  he  was 
elected  to  a  seat  in  Congress,  and  retained  it  until 
1804,  when  he  declined  further  political  preferment, 
because  of  its  interference  with  his  ecclesiastical 
duties.  Died  July  28,  1823. 

Cutler,  "William  P.;  was  born  near  Marietta, 
Ohio,  July  12,  1813;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legis 
lature  in  1844,  1845,  and  1846,  officiating  as  Speaker 
of  the  House  during  the  last  term;  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1850;  from  that 
period  until  elected  to  Congress  was  President  of  the 
Marietta  and  Cincinnati  Railroad  Company;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the 
Militia  and  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Cutting,  Francis  B.;  was  born  in  New  York  City 
in  1805;  was  liberally  educated;  in  1825  graduated  at 
Columbia  College;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law, 
and  became  eminent  as  a  commercial  lawyer;  in  1836 
and  1837  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature; 
from  1853  to  1855  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  his  native  State;  was  leading  counsel  in  almost 
all  important  commercial  questions  in  New  York 
from  1840  to  1855;  while  in  Congress  he  had  a  per 
sonal  difficulty  with  J.  C.  Breckenridge  on  political 
questions;  in  1863  became  a  "war  democrat,"  and 
did  good  service  in  securing  the  re-election  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln.  Died  in  New  York  City,  June  26, 
1870. 


124 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Outts,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in 
1769;  entered  Harvard  College  in  1786;  graduated  in 
1790;  studied  law  with  Judge  Pickering;  was  electee 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1804,  and  then 
Speaker  of  the  House;  was  sent  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1810  from  New  Hampshire,  and  served  un 
til  1813;  by  appointment,  he  entered  the  Senate  fora 
second  term  in  1813,  but  resigned  in  June  of  thai 
year;  was  Secretary  of  the  Senate  from  1814  to  1825 
Died  in  Virginia  in  1846. 

Cutts,  James  Madison ;  was  born  in  Maine 
and  the  son  of  Richard  Cutts;  was  for  many  yearc 
<a  resident  of  the  city  of  Washington;  in  1857  was 
appointed  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  and 
.held  the  office  until  1863;  died  in  Washington 
His  father  was  appointed  to  the  same  office  when  it 
"was  first  created. 

Cutts,  Marsena  B.;  was  born  at  Orwell,  Ver 
mont,  May  22, 1833;  received  an  academic  education 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1855;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  Poweshiek  County  in  1859;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1861;  was  a  Stale 
Senator  from  1861  to  1866;  was  again  in  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  from  1870  to  1872;  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State  from  1872  to  1877;  was 
•elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-sev 
enth  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Cutts,  Richard;  was  born  June  22,  1771,  at 
Cutts  Island,  Saco,  in  the  Province  or  District  ol 
Maine,  then  constituting  a  part  of  the  Commonweal  i  u 
of  Massachusetts;  received  his  early  education  at  Har 
vard  University,  at  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1790,  in  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age;  studied 
law;  was  extensively  engaged  in  commerce,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  politics;  visited  Europe,  and,  on  his 
return,  after  serving  two  successive  years  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  was,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-nine,  in  1800,  elected  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  State? ; 
took  his  seat  in  the  House  December  7,  1801,  ard. 
through  six  successive  Congresses,  constantly  sus 
tained  by  the  continued  confidence  of  his  constitu 
ents,  gave  a  firm  support  to  President  Jefferson's 
administration,  and  to  that  of  his  successor,  President 
Madison,  until  the  close  of  his  first  term,  March  3, 
1813,  having  patriotically  sustained,  by  his  votes,  non 
importation,  non-intercourse,  the  embargo,  and  finally 
war,  as  measures  called  for  by  the  honor  and  interest 
of  the  nation,  although  ruinous  to  his  private  fortune; 
on  June  3  of  the  latter  year  was  appointed  Superin 
tendent-General  of  Military  Supplies,  an  office  created 
by  the  Act  of  March  3,  1813,  the  functions  of  whicli 
were  required  only  during  the  continuance  of  the 
war;  the  office  was  accordingly  abolished  by  the  act 
of  March  3,  1817,  to  provide  for  the  prompt  settle 
ment  of  public  accounts ;  by  the  same  act  the  office  of 
Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  was  created,  to 
which  Mr.  Cutts  was  immediately  appointed  by 
President  James  Monroe,  and  which  he  held  until 
1829,  after  which  he  resided  in  the  city  of  Washing 
ton,  in  the  retirement  of  private  life,  until  his  death, 
April  7,  1845. 

Cuyler,  Jeremiah;  was  a  native  of  Georgia;  in 
1821  was  appointed  District  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  Georgia,  residing  at 
Savannah,  where  he  died  May  7,  1839. 

Daggett,  David;  was  born  in  Attleborough, 
Massachusetts,  December  31,  1764;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1783;  was  Professor  of  Law  in' that  insti 
tution  for  many  years,  and  subsequently  received  the 
degree  of  LL. D.  from  that  institution;  was  State's 
Attorney  and  Mayor  of  New  Haven,  and  frequently  a 


member  of  the  Legislature  and  member  of  the  Coun 
cil;  served  as  a  Presidential  Elector  on  several  occa 
sions;  from  1813  to  1819  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut;  from  1826  to  1832  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  was  Chief  Judge 
from  1832  to  1834,  when  he  attained  the  age  of  sev 
enty  years.  Died  April  12,  1851. 

Daggett,  Rollin  M.;  was  born  at  Richville,  New 
York,  in  1831 ;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  North 
western  Ohio,  in  1837;  received  a  good  education, 
and  became  a  printer;  in  1849  crossed  the  plains  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  on  foot;  engaged  in  mining  until 
1852,  when  he  again  entered  the  field  of  journalism; 
in  1862  removed  to  Virginia  City,  Nevada;  was 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Council  in  1863;  in  1864 
re-entered  newspaper  life;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Nevada 
to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress;  in  July,  1882,  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Minister  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands. 

Daily,  Samuel  G-.;  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1819; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Nebraska 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -eighth  Congress;  was  subsequently  appointed 
a  Deputy-Collector  in  New  Orleans,  where  he  died 
September  14,  1865. 

Dallas,  Alexander  J.;  was  born  of  Scotch  par 
ents,  on  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  June  21, 1759;  received 
an  excellent  education  at  Edinburgh  and  Westminster; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1783,  and  settled 
at  Philadelphia,  where  he  studied  law  and  estab 
lished  himself  in  practice;  was  a  frequent  contributor 
to  periodicals,  and  at  one  time  editor  of  the  Colum 
bian  Magazine;  prepared  a  system  of  law  reports, 
which  were  published  in  four  volumes ;  in  January, 

1791,  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
held  the  office  until  1801,  when  he  was  appointed 
District  Attorney  of  the  United  States  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Pennsylvania;  in  October,  1814,  was  ap 
pointed   Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of   the   United 
States,  and  for  a  time  performed  the  duties  of  Secre 
tary  of  War  in  addition;   in   September,   1816,   re 
signed,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Philadel 
phia.    Died  January  16,  1817.     He  published  "  Fea 
tures  of  Jay's  Treaty,"  in  1795,  and  various  speeches, 
reports,  and  addresses,  and  left  unfinished  a  "His 
tory  of  Pennsylvania." 

Dallas,   George  Mifflin;   was  born  July  10, 

1792,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  received 
his  early  education;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1810;  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  his  father's 
office  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1813;  in  the  same  year  accompanied  Mr.  Gallatin 
to  Russia  as  his  private  secretary,  when  that  gentle 
man  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Commission  to 
negotiate  a  peace  under  the  meditation  of  Alexander; 
during  his  abseuce  visited   Russia,  France,  England, 
Holland,  and  the  Netherlands;  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1814,  aud,  sifter  assisting  his  father  for  a 
time  in  his  duties  as  Secretary  01'  the  Treasury,  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Philadelphia; 
in  1817  was  appointed  the  deputy  of  the    Attorney- 
General  of  Philadelphia,  and  soon  won  a  high  repu 
tation  as  a  criminal  lawyer;  took  an  active  part  in 
politics;  in  1825  was  elected  Mayor  of  Philadelphia, 
and  on  the  accession  of  General  Jackson  to  the  Presi- 
lency,  in  1829,  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  District 
Attorney,  the  same  office  which  had  been  held  by  his 
ather;  this  post  he  held  until  1831,  when  a  vacancy 
laving  occurred  in  the  representation  from   Pennsyl 
vania  in  the  United  States  Seriate,  Mr.   Dallas  was 
;hosen  to  fill  it;  took  an  active  part  in  the  debates  of 
he  stormy  session  of  1832-'33;  on  the  expiration,  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


125 


his  term  of  office,  in  1833,  declined  a  re-election,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1837  was 
appointed,  by  President  Van  Buren,  Ambassador  to 
Kussia,  and  remained  in  that  country  until  October, 
1839,  when  he  returned  home,  and  once  more  devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  law;  in  1844  was  elected 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  and  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  March  of  the  following 
year;  his  term  of  office  expired  in  March,  1849,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Fillmore;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Pierce,  in  185<>,  to  succeed  Mr.  Buchanan 
as  Minister  at  the  Court  of  St.  James,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  was  retained  by  Mr.  Buchanan,  when  he  be 
came  President.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  December 
31,  1864. 

Dalton,  Tristam ;  was  born  in  that  portion  of 
Newbury,  Massachusetts,  now  Newburyport,  in  1743; 
at  the  early  age  of  seventeen  graduated  at  Harvard 
University;  studied  law  as  an  accomplishment — the 
fortune  which  he  inherited  from  his  father  not  re 
quiring  him  to  practice  it  as  a  profession — and  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  cultivation  of  a  large  landed 
estate  in  what  is  now  the  town  of  West  Newbury. 
Washington,  John  Adams,  Louis  Philippe,  Talley 
rand,  and  other  distinguished  guests  partook  of  his 
hospitalities.  As  eminent  for  piety  as  he  was  for 
mental  endowments,  the  Episcopal  Church,  of  which 
he  was  a  warden,  shared  in  his  generous  liberality ; 
was  also  noted  for  the  affectionate  interest  which  he 
took  in  the  welfare  of  his  servants,  both  black  and 
white;  was  a  Representative,  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  a  Senator  in  the  Legislature 
of  Massachusetts;  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  in 
the  First  Congress  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 
Constitution.  When  Washington  City  was  founded 
Mr.  Dalton  invested  his  entire  fortune  in  lands  there, 
and  lost  it  by  the  mismanagement  of  a  business 
agent.  At  the  same  time  a  vessel  which  was  freighted 
with  his  furniture  and  valuable  library  was  lost  on 
her  voyage  from  Newburyport  to  Washington,  and 
he  thus  found  himself  penniless  after  having  lived 
sixty  years  in  affluence.  Several  offices  of  profit  and 
honor  were  immediately  tendered  him  by  the  Gov 
ernment,  and  he  accepted  the  Surveyorship  of  the 
Port  of  Boston.  Died  in  Boston  in  June,  1817,  and 
his  remains  were  taken  to  Newburyport,  where  they 
were  interred  in  the  burial-ground  of  St.  Paul's 
Church. 

Damrell,  "William  S.;  was  born  in  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire,  November  20,  1809*  never  had  the 
privilege  of  even  a  common  school  education;  was  by 
trade  a  printer;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  where 
he  served  on  the  Committee  on  Engraving,  and  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals.  Died  at  Boston,  May  17,  1860. 

Dana,  Amasa ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1828  and  1829;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1841,  and  again 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Dana,  Charles  Anderson ;  was  born  in  Hins- 
dale,  New  Hampshire,  Augusts,  1819;  studied  two 
years  at  Harvard  University,  but  did  not  graduate 
on  account  of  impaired  eyesight;  edited  the  Harbin 
ger;  was  a  contributor  to  the  Boston  Chronotype; 
was  connected  with  the  New  York  Tribune  from  1847 
to  1858;  subsequently  editor  of  the  New  York  Sun; 
also  edited  the  "Household  Book  of  Poetry"  in 
1858,  and  was  one  of  the  editors  of  "  Appleton's 
Cyclopedia;"  was  assistant  Secretary  of  WTar  in  1863 
and  1864. 

Dana,  Francis;  was  born  in  1743;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1762;  after  studying  law,  re 


sided  a  year  in  England;  was  a  Delegate  from  Massa 
chusetts  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1776  to> 
1779,  and  in  1784;  signed  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Paris  under  John 
Adams;  was  appointed  Minister  to  Russia,  but  not 
officially  received ;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  State 
from  1792  to  1806,  when  he  resigned;  in  1797  was 
appointed  Minister  to  France.  Died  in  1811. 

Dana,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Fryeburg,  Maine; 
was  an  active  politician;  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1847  to  1850;  went  to  South  America  to  reside  (in 
1861,  and  died  of  cholera  at  Rosario,  New  Granada, 
December  22,  1867.  He  contracted  the  disease  of 
which  he  died  while  miuistering'to  an  American 
lady,  whose  death  occurred  on  the  day  preceding  his 
own. 

Dana,  Judah  ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in 
1772;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1795;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  Fryeburg;  was  Attor 
ney  for  Oxford  County  for  six  years;  Judge  of  Probate 
for  twenty  years ;  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for  nine 
years;  one  of  the  Committee  which  drafted  the  Con 
stitution  of  Maine;  a  member  of  the  Executive  Coun 
cil  of  the  State  in  1834;  by  appointment  of  the  Gov 
ernor,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maine  during 
the  years  1836  and  1837.  Died  at  Fryeburg,  Maine, 
December  27,  1845. 

Dana,  Richard  H.,  Jr.;  son  of  the  poet  bearing 
the  same  name,  and  grandson  of  Francis  Dana,  the 
jurist;  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  August 
1,  1815;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1837;  his  -, 
studies  having  been  interrupted  by  a  weakness  of  the 
eyes,  he  went  to  sea,  and  puplished  a  famous  book 
entitled  "Two  Years  before  the  Mast;  "  studied  law 
at  the  Dane  School ;  was  for  a  time  a  professor  in 
Harvard  College,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  in  1841 
published  "The  Seaman's  Friend,"  and  "Seaman's 
Manual;"  was  eminently  successful  as  an  advocate, 
and  engaged  in  many  important  trials;  always  the 
friend  of  the  sailor;  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
North  American  Review  and  the  Law  Reporter]  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Free-Soil  Party  in  Massachu 
setts;  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  leading 
member  of  the  State  Convention  of  1853:  was  for  five 
years  United  States  Attorney  for  Massadiu  etts;  was 
prominent  as  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  C  mrch;  in 
March,  1876,  was  appointed  Minister  to  England,  in 
place  of  R.  C.  Schenck.  Died  January  7,  1882. 

Dana,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Groton,  Massachu 
setts,  June  26,  1767;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
became  eminent;  was  President  of  the  State  Senate; 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Common  Pleas; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1814  and  1815 
in  place  of  W.  M.  Richardson,  resigned.  Died  in 
Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  November  20,  1835. 

Dana,  Samuel  W. ;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1747;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1775;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1797  to  1810;  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1810  to  1821. 
Died  July  21,  1830. 

Dane,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Beverly,  Essex 
County,  Massachusetts,  October  25,  1778;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1799;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  removing  to  Kennebunk,  Maine, 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1816  and  1819;  in  1820  was  elected  to  Congress  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  J.  Homes;  from  1821  to  1823 
represented  the  York  District  of  Maine  in  Congress, 
when  he  resigned;  was  subsequently  in  the  Legisla 
ture  as  a  member  of  the  House  for  six  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  in  1829;  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  Massachusetts  in  1817, 


126 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


and  to  a  similar  station  in  Maine  in  1841,  but  de 
clined  both  offices;  settled  in  Kentucky  early  in  the 
present  century,  where  he  died  May  1,  1858. 

Dane,  Nathan ;  was  born  at  Ipswich,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1752;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1778 
was  a  Delegate  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1785  to  1788;  was  the  framer  of  the 
Celebrated  ordinance  passed  by  Congress  in  1787; 
"though  devoted  to  the  practice  of  law,  found  time  to 
prepare  a  Digest  of  American  Law  in  nine  volumes; 
established  a  Professorship  of  Law  in  Harvard  Uni 
versity;  after  he  had  attained  his  seventieth  year, 
was  in  the  habit,  of  spending  fourteen  hours  of  each 
day  engaged  in  reading  and  writing.  Died  at  Bev 
erly,  Massachusetts,  February  15,  1834.  He  received 
from  Harvard  College  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Danford,  Lorenzo ;  was  born  in  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  October  18,  1829;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  attended  college  two  years  at  Waynes- 
burg,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law  at  St.  Clairsville, 
Ohio;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Belmont 
County  in  1857  and  1859;  entered  the  Army;  served 
as  private,  Lieutenant,  and  Captain  until  1864,  when 
he  resigned  on  account  of  sickness ;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1864;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Daniel,  Henry;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1793; 
removed  to  Kentucky  in  his  early  youth;  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession;  was  a  volunteer  in  the  War  of  1812, 
with  rank  of  Captain;  was  a  State  Representative  from 
Montgomery  County  in  1812,  1819,  and  1826;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1827 
to  1833;  had  a  famous  encounter  in  that  House  with 
Tristam  Burgess;  in  1845  shot  his  brother-in-law  in 
the  Court  House  of  Mt.  Sterling,  Kentucky.  Died 
in  that  town  October  5,  1873. 

Daniel,  John  M. ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  prior  to 
1854  obtained  some  reputation  as  a  newspaper  writer; 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Sardinia,  but  re 
signed  the  office  and  returned  to  the  United  States; 
resumed  his  connection  with  the  press  and  the  Rich 
mond  Examiner ;  though  a  very  zealous  friend  of  the 
Confederate  Government,  was  very  bitter  in  his  at 
tacks  upon  its  Executive  Head;  wrote  a  "Life  of 
Stonewall  Jackson,"  which  was  published  in  Eng 
land.  Died  March  30,  1865. 

Daniel,  JohnR.  J.;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  University  of  that 
State  in  1821 ;  studied  law,  and  practiced  it  with  suc 
cess;  served  for  several  years  in  the  General  Assem 
bly;  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the  State;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1841  to  1853.  serving  through  several  sessions  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims.  Removed  to 
Louisiana,  where  he  died. 

Daniel,  John  "War-wick ;  was  born  at  Lynch- 
burg,  Virginia,  September  5,  1842;  was  educated  at 
Jjynchburg  College  and  Dr.  Gessner  Harrison's  Uni 
versity  School;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861,  and  served  throughoxit  the  Civil  War,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Major  and  Adjutant-General ;  entered  the 
Law  School  of  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1865; 
graduated  in  1866 :  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Lynchburg,  Virginia; 
in  1869  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Delegates;  in  1875  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1879;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1876;  in  1881  resigned  the  office  of  State  Senator  to 
accept  the  nomination  of  the  Democratic  party  for 


Governor  of  Virginia;  was  defeated  at  the  election; 
in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Daniel,  Peter  Vyvian;  was  born  in  Stafford 
County,  Virginia,  in  1785;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1805;  studied  law  with  Edmund  Randolph, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1808 ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1809  and  1810;  in  1812  was  a 
member  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  served  as  such 
until  1835;  frequently  served  as  Lieutenant-Goveruor; 
was  tendered  the  office  of  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,  by  President  Jackson,  but  declined 
the  appointment;  in  1836  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  Virginia;  in  1840 
was  appointed,  by  President  Van  Buren,  a  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Died  in 
1860. 

Danner,  Joel  B.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1850  to  1851. 

Darby,  Ezra ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1804  to  1808,  when  he  resigned. 
Died  January  28,  1808. 

Darby,  John  Fletcher;  was  born  in  Person 
County,  North  Carolina,  December  10,  1803;  in  1818 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in 
St.  Louis  County,  where,  until  1823,  he  worked  on  a 
farm,  pursuing  his  studies  under  many  difficulties, 
having  previously  received  a  good  English  education 
in  his  native  town;  after  the  death  of  his  parents,  in 
1825,  he  applied  for  an  appointment  at  West  Point; 
being  unsuccessful,  sold  out  his  father's  estate,  went 
to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  and  studied  law;  in  May, 
1827,  having  a  license  to  practice  from  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Kentucky,  returned  to  Missouri,  and  com 
menced  professional  life;  was  four  times  chosen 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  once  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1851  to  1853  from  that  State. 

Dargan,  Edward  S.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  removed  in  early  youth  to  Alabama,  where  he 
subsequently  taught  school  and  studied  law;  in  1844 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Mobile;  from  1845  to  1847  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama;  during 
the  latter  year  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Alabama. 

Dargan,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Darlington 
County,  South  Carolina,  in  1841;  was  educated  at  the 
county  schools  and  the  State  Military  Academy; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1877;  was  elected  Solicitor  of  the  Fourth  Judicial 
Circuit  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Dargon,  G-eorge  W.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina  in  1801;  was  liberally  educated,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  for  several  years;  Commissioner  in  Equity  for 
"lharleston;  from  1847  to  the  time  of  his  death,  the 
hancellor  of  South  Carolina.  Died  in  Columbia, 
June  12,  1859. 

Darling,  Mason  C.;  was  born  in  Belliugham, 
Vlassachusetts,  May  18,  1801 ;  received  a  common 
ichool  education;  commenced  active  life  as  a  school 
;eacher  in  New  York ;  .studied  medicine,  and  gradu 
ated  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  Institution  of  Massa- 
:husetts,  in  1824 ;  practiced  his  profession  for  thirteen 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  aided  in 
establishing  the  towns  of  Sheboygan  and  Fond  du  Lac ; 
,he  principal  offices  held  by  him  in  Wisconsin  were 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNULS. 


1-27 


those  of  Judge  of  Probate,  Mayor  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  a  member,  for  several  years,  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  State  of  AVisconsin,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Darling,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  December  17,  1817;  shortly  afterwards  set 
tled  in  New  York  City;  received  a  commercial  edu 
cation,  and,  as  clerk  and  proprietor,  was  devoted  to 
the  wholesale  business;  in  1838  was  a  director  of  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association;  was,  for  eleven  years, 
a  member,  as  officer  and  private,  of  the  Seventh  Reg 
iment,  National  Guard;  from  1847  to  1854  was  Dep 
uty  Receiver  of  Texas  for  New  York;  from  1854  to 
1865  was  President  of  a  railroad  company  in  New 
York;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in  1863 
and  1864  was  President  of  the  Union  and  Republi 
can  Organization  of  New  York  City;  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Naval  Affairs,  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office 
Department,  and  the  War  Debts  of  Loyal  States,  and 
also  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revenue 
Frauds. 

Darlington,  Ed-ward ;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1839. 

Darlington,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  "Westtown, 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  13,  1781; 
was  reared  to  hard  labor,  partly  on  a  farm,  and  in 
the  shop  of  his  father,  a  worthy  blacksmith;  was  a 
Quaker;  educated  himself;  taught  school;  studied 
law,  and  was  successful  as  a  practitioner;  in  1807  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  served  as  a  Volun 
teer  Lieutenant  in  the  last  war  with  England;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1817 
to  1819,  declining  a  re-election;  in  1820  was  ap 
pointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  for  Chester  County; 
in  1821  was  appointed  President  Judge  of  the  County 
Court,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  Died 
April  27,  1839. 

Darlington,  William;  was  born  in,  Birming 
ham,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  28,  1782; 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm  until  eighteen  years  old, 
trained  in  the  religion  of  George  Fox,  and  when 
young  had  but  a  limited  education;  studied  medi 
cine,  and  in  1804  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  in  1806  was  disowned  by  the  Society 
of  Friends  for  accepting  the  appointment  of  Surgeon 
to  a  military  regiment;  in  1807  went  to  India  as  Sur 
geon  of  a  merchant  ship;  in  1811  and  1812  assisted 
in  establishing  the  West  Chester  Academy,  Pennsyl 
vania,  of  which  he  was  long  a  Trustee  and  the  Secre 
tary;  in  1813  prepared  a  catalogue  of  plants  of  his 
native  county;  in  1814  took  part  in  establishing  the 
Bank  of  West  Chester,  and  was  its  President;  when 
Washington  City  was  attacked  by  the  British,  he 
went  to  camp  as  a  volunteer;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1823 ;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
"American  Philosophical  Society;"  was  a  Canal 
Commissioner  in  1825;  in  1826  aided  in  forming  a 
Natural  History  Society  in  West  Chester,  and  was 
elected  President  of  the  same;  on  account  of  his  de 
votion  to  science,  and  his  scientific  learning,  a  num 
ber  of  rare  plants  were  named  after  him  by  leading 
naturalists  of  Switzerland  and  America;  also  held 
the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Chester  County; 
aided  in  founding,  and  was  President  of,  the  "West 
Chester  Medical  Society;"  was  President  of  a  rail 
way  company;  his  publications  on  botany  and  kin 
dred  subjects  are  quite  numerous;  in  1848  received 
from  Yale  College  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  and 


in  1855,  from  Dickinson  College,  that  of  Doctor  of 
Physical  Science ;  was  elected  a  member  of  some 
forty  learned  societies  in  America  and  Europe.  Died 
in  1863. 

Darragh,  Cornelius ;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1847.  Died  in  January',  1855. 

Darrall,  Chester  B. ;  was  born  in  Somerset 
County,  Pennsylvania,  June  24,  1842 ;  received  a 
common  school  education  ;  studied  medicine,  and 
graduated  at  the  Albany  Medical  College;  entered 
the  Union  Army  as  Assistant  Surgeon  of  Volunteers, 
promoted  to  be  Surgeon,  and  served  throughout  the 
war;  settled  in  Louisiana  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  of  Louisiana  in  1860 ;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sec 
ond  and  three  subsequent  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  Edu 
cation  and  Labor,  and  Chairman  of  Enrolled  Bills; 
was,  also,  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Darwin,  C.  B.;  was  a  resident  of  Iowa,  from 
which  State  he  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wash 
ington. 

Davee,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Massa 
chusetts,  December  9,  1797;  removed  to  Maine,  and 
was  bred  a  merchant;  served  six  years  in  the  Maine 
Legislature;  during  his  second  term  in  the  Assembly 
was  chosen  Speaker;  was  also  High-Sheriff  of  Som 
erset  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1837  to  1841 ;  was  also  for  many  years  a  Postmaster 
in  Maine,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  Senator 
elect  of  the  State  Legislature.  Died  December  9, 
1841. 

Davenport,  Franklin;  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  War ;  a  man  of  education,  and  a 
Judge ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1798  to  1799,  but  was  superseded  by  J.  Schure- 
man;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1799  to 
1801. 

Davenport,  Ira ;  was  born  at  Hornellsville, 
New  York,  June  28,  1841;  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation;  settled  at  Bath,  New  York;  was  a  State  Sen 
ator  in  1878,  1879,  1880,  and  1881;  was  State  Comp 
troller  in  1882  and  1883;  in  the  latter  year  was  de 
feated  for  re-election;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress; 
in  1885  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor 
of  the  State. 

Davenport,  James ;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College  in  1777;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut  from  1796  to  1797,  when  he  died. 

Davenport,  James  J.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  resident  of  Santa  Fe,  and  in  1853  was  appoint 
ed,  from  Missouri,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  New  Mexico. 

Davenport,  John ;  was  born  in  Stamford,  Con 
necticut,  January  16,  1752;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1770;  was  a  tutor  in  that  College  in  1773  and 
1774;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1799  to  1817;  served  with  credit  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  as  a  Major  in  the  Commissary 
Department;  also  practiced  law.  Died  in  Stamford, 
November  28,  1830. 

Davenport,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1827  to  1829. 


128 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


<  Davenport,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
'  County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1825  to  1835.  Died  in  Halifax 
'  County,  in  November,  1838. 

Davezac,  Augusts ;  was  a  citizen  of  Louisiana; 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Mexico  in 
1 1829,  remaining  there  two  years;  in  1839  was  ap- 
' pointed  Charge  d?  Affaires;  in  1845  re-commissioned 
ito  the  same  office  and  place;  returned  to  the  United 
'States  in  1850. 

Davidson,  Alexander  C.;  was  born  in  Meck 
lenburg  County,  North  Carolina,  December  26,  1826; 
'in  1835  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Alabama;  re- 
i  ceived  a  collegiate  education,  graduating  from  the 
^  University  of  Alabama  in  1848;  read  law  in  Mobile, 
!;  Alabama,  but,  upon  attaining  his  majority,  engaged 
'.  in  cotton  planting,  in  which  avocation  he  continued ; 
::in  1879  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
;- Legislature,  where  he  served  until  elected  a  State 
Senator;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress,  and  resigned 
his  seat  as  State  Senator. 

Davidson,  Robert  H.  M.;  was  born  in  Gadsden 
.  County,  Florida,  September  23,   1832;    received  an 
academic  education;     studied  and    practiced    law; 
.served  two  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the  State 
•.Legislature;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1860;  re 
tired  from  the   Senate  in  1862  and  entered  the  Con- 
'-  federate  Army,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
,  Convention  of  1865;    was  elected  a  Representative 
;  from  Florida  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

'  Davidson,  Thomas  G.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Mississippi,  August  6,  1805 ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827;  in  1833  was 
Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Greensburg,  Louisiana; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1833, 
where  he  served,  from  different  parishes,  some 

1  thirteen  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  in  1855;  re-elected  in  1857,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committeeou  Claims;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  but  withdrew  in  Feb 
ruary,  1861. 

Davidson,  "William ;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg, 
.County,  North  Carolina,  September  12,  1778;  repre 
sented  that  county  in  the  State  Legislature  as  Sen 
ator  in  1813,  1815, 1816,  and  1817;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1818  to 
1821;  served  again  in  the  State  Senate  in  1827,  1828, 
and  1829.  Died  at  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County, 
September  16,  1857,  from  injuries  which  he  received 
by  being  thrown  from  his  carriage  while  driving  a 
fractious  horse.  Though  leading  the  quiet  life  of  a 
planter,  he  was  a  man  of  great  influence  and  useful 
ness. 

Davie,  William  R.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
in  1790  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of  North  Carolina. 

Davie,  William  Richardson ;    was  born  at 
Egremont,   near  White   Haven,  England,  June  20, 
1756;   graduated  at  New  Jersey  College,  1776;  was 
placed  by  his  father  in  South  Carolina  soon  after  the 
peace  of  1763,  under  the  care  of  his  uncle,  who  edu 
cated  and  adopted  him  as  his  son  and  heir,  his  father 
returning  to  England;  commenced  the  study  of  law 
at  Salisbury,  but  soon  obtained  a  Lieutenancy  in  a 
'  troop  of  dragoons  and  succeeded  to  the  command;  an- 
'.;  uexed  it  to  the  Legion  of  Pulaski  in   1779,  and  was 


promoted,  by  General  Lincoln,  to  be  Brigade-Major; 
fought  at  Stono,  where  he  was  severely  wounded,  at 
Hanging  Rock  and  Rocky  Mount;  protected  the 
country  between  Charlotte  and  Camden,  with  a  le 
gionary  corps  which  he  equipped  at  his  own  expense, 
and  nearly  impoverished  himself  by  so  doing;  was 
rewarded  for  his  services  by  the  appointment  as 
Colonel-Commander  of  State  Cavalry,  and  was  made 
Commissioner  by  General  Greene;  after  the  war,  set 
tled  at  Halifax,  North  Carolina,  and  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1787  was 
Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution;  the  illness  of  his  family  called  him 
home  before  his  labors  were  finished,  and  his  name 
does  not  appear  on  that  instrument,  but  he  was  the 
most  able  champion  in  the  State  Convention ;  he  was 
the  main  support  of  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina;  was  Major-General  of  State  Militia;  in  1799 
Governor  of  the  State;  soon  after  was  sent,  by 
President  Adams,  with  Ellsworth  and  Murray,  on  a 
Mission  to  France;  after  his  return  withdrew  from 
public  life  to  his  farm  at  Tivoli,  on  the  Catawba 
River,  South  Carolina;  was  appointed,  in  March, 
1813,  Major-General  by  the  Government,  but  declined 
to  serve  on  account  of  wounds.  Died  at  Camden, 
South  Carolina,  November  8,  1820. 

Davies,  Edward;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1841. 

Davies,  William ;  was  born  in  Georgia;  prior 
to  the  year  1820  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Georgia. 

Davis,  Amos  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
Legislature  from  Montgomery  County  in  1819,  1825, 
1827,  and  1828;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  in  Owings- 
ville,  in  that  State,  June  5,  1835.  He  was  a  brother 
of  Garrett  Davis. 

Davis,  C.  K.;  was  born  in  Henderson,  Jefferson 
County,  New  York,  June  16,  1838;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1857;  was  United  States 
Attorney  for  Minnesota  for  five  years  from  1868;  in 
1873  was  elected  Governor  of  that  State. 

Davis,  Daniel  F.;  was  Governor  of  Maine  from 
January,  1880,  to  January,  1881. 

Davis,  David  ;  was  born  in  Cecil  County,  Mary 
land,  March  9,  1815;  graduated  at  Kenyon  College, 
Ohio,  in  1832;  studied  law  in  Massachusetts,  and  at 
the  Law  School  of  New  Haven;  in  1835  removed  to 
Illinois;  was  immediately  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
soon  afterwards  settled  in  Bloomington ;  in  1844  was 
elected  to  the  State  Lagislature;  in  1817  to  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  present  State  Constitution; 
in  1848  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial 
Circuit  of  the  State;  re-elected  in  1855  and  also  in 
1861 ;  before  completing  his  last  term,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States;  was  for  many  years  the 
intimate  friend  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  rode  the  circuit 
with  him  every  year,  and  was  a  Delegate  at  Large  to 
the  Chicago  Convention  of  1860,  which  nominated 
Mr.  Lincoln  for  President;  just  before  entering  upon 
his  duties  as  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  was  ap 
pointed  a  visitor  to  the  West  Point  Academy;  re 
signed  from  the  Supreme  Bench  in  1877  to  take  his 
seat  as  United  States  Senator  from  Illinois  for  the 
term  of  six  years;  in  October,  1881,  was  elected 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  Died  June  25, 
1886. 

Davis,  Edmund  J.;  was  a  native  of  Florida; 
received  a  good  education;  studied  law,  and  engaged 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


129 


in  practice;  emigrated  to  Texas  in  1848;  was  Col 
lector  of  Customs  on  the  Texas  frontier,  bordering  on 
the  Rio  Grande,  from  1850  to  1852;  was  a  District 
Attorney  in  1853  and  1854:  was  District  Judge  from 
1855  to  1860;  in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as 
Colonel;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  returned  to  Texas;  in  1866  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Reconstruction  Convention;  was  President  ot 
the  second  Reconstruction  Convention ;  was  Governor 
of  Texas  from  1870  to  1874. 

Davis,  Garret ;  was  born  at  Mt.  Sterling,  Ken 
tucky,  September  10,  1801 ;  received  an  English  and 
classical  education;  while  yet  a  boy,  was  employed  as 
a  clerk  in  the  County  and  Circuit  Courts  of  his  dis 
trict;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1823;  in 
1833  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
twice  re-elected;  in  1839  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  from  1839  to  1847  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election ;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Relations, 
Territories,  Claims,  and  Pensions;  from  early  man 
hood  until  the  death  of  Henry  Clay,  was  one  of  the 
most  intimate  personal  and  political  friends  of  that 
statesman;  in  1864  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution;  in  1866  was  one  of  the 
Senators  designated  by  the  Senate  to  attend  the 
funeral  of  General  Scott;  in  January,  1867,  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1873. 
Died  in  Paris,  Kentucky,  in  September.  1872. 

Davis,  George  R.;  was  born  at  Three  Rivers, 
Palmer,  Massachusetts,  January  3,  1840;  received  a 
common  school  education  and  took  a  classical  course 
at  Williston  Seminary,  Massachusetts,  graduating  in 
1860;  studied  law;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1862 
and  was  promoted  from  Captain  to  Major,  serving 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  settled  in  Chicago,  Illinois, 
and  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  election  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses. 

Davis,  George  T.;  was  born  in  Sandwich,  Mas 
sachusetts,  January  12,  1810;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1829;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1832;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1839  and  1840,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1851  to  1853. 

Davis  Henry  G.;  was  born  in  Howard  County, 
Maryland,  November  16,  1823;  received  a  limited 
education ;  in  1843  became  a  brakeruan  on  the  Balti 
more  and  Ohio  Railroad;  was  soon  advanced  to 
higher  positions  on  the  Road;  settled  in  West  Vir 
ginia;  in  1858  became  President  of  a  bank;  in  1865 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  in  1868  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention;  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1870 
was  re-elected;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  West  Virginia  for  the  term  ending  in  1877, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and 
Agriculture;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1883. 

Davis,  Henry  "Winter  ;  was  born  in  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  August  16,  1817;  graduated  at  Kenyon 
College  in  1837;  in  1839  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia  and  went  through  a  course  of  studies  at  that 
institution;  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Alexan 
dria,  Virginia;  in  1850  removed  to  Baltimore,  Mary 
land  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth 

9 


Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means;  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  and  on  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Rebel 
lious  States;  in  1864  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  from  Hampden  Sidney 
College  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  was  a  man  of 
superior  power  as  an  orator;  as  an  author,  published, 
in  1852,  a  book  entitled  "The  War  of  Ormuzd  and 
Ahrinam  in  the  Nineteenth  Century."  Died  in 
Baltimore,  December  20,  1865;  by  a  resolution  of  the 
National  House  of  Representatives  a  eulogy  was 
pronounced  upon  him,  February  22,  1866,  by  his 
friend  and  late  colleague,  Senator  John  A.  J.  Cres- 
well.  This  is  said  to  have  been  the  only  occasion 
when  a  private  citizen  was  thus  honored  by  Congress. 
In  1867  his  collected  speeches  were  published  under 
the  editorship  of  his  friend  Creswell. 

Davis,  Horace ;  was  born  at  Worcester,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1831;  was  educated  at  the  public  schools, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1849;  studied 
law  at  the  Dane  Law  School,  but  was  compelled,  by 
failing  health,  to  abandon  professional  life;  in  1852 
removed  to  San  Francisco,  California,  and  became  the 
proprietor  of  extensive  flouring-mills;  never  held  any 
public  office  until  elected  a  Representative  from  Cali 
fornia  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Davis,  Jefferson ;  was  born  in  Christian  County, 
Kentucky,  June  3,  1808;  his  parents  removed  to 
Mississippi  in  his  infancy;  commenced  his  education 
at  the  Transylvania  University,  Kentucky,  but  left 
it  for  the  West  Point  Academy,  where  he  graduated 
in  1828;  was  a  cadet  from  1824  to  1828;  Second  Lieu 
tenant  of  Infantry  from  1828  to  1833;  First  Lieuten 
ant  of  Dragoons  from  1833  to  1835,  serving  in  various 
campaigns  against  the  Indians;  was  Adjutant  of  Dra 
goons,  and  at  different  times  served  in  the  Quarter 
master's  Department;  resigned  from  the  army  in 
1835;  in  1844  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1845  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi ; 
resigned  in  1846  to  become  Colonel  of  a  Volunteer 
regiment  to  serve  in  Mexico;  in  Mexico  received  the 
appointment  of  Brigadier-General;  in  1847  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  to  till  a  vacancy,  and 
was  elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1851 ;  resigned  in 
1850;  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years,  but  re 
signed;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  serving  throughout  his  administration; 
in  1857  again  took  his  seat  in  the  United  States  Sen 
ate  for  the  term  of  six  years,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  and  a  member  of 
those  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  and  on  Print 
ing;  in  February,  1861,  withdrew  from  the  Senate,  be 
came  identified  with  the  Great  Rebellion,  and  was 
elected  President  of  the  so-called  "Southern  Confed 
eracy  ;' '  was  subsequently  confined  as  a  prisoner  of  state 
in  Fortress  Monroe;  after  remaining  in  that  stronghold 
as  a  prisoner  for  two  years,  was,  in  1867,  released  on 
bail,  and  went  to  Canada;  subsequently  returned  to 
Mississippi  and  lived  in  retirement. 

Davis,  John ;  was  born  at  Plymouth,  Massachu 
setts,  January  25,  1761 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1781 ;  was  tutor  for  several  years  at  Barn- 
stable,  in  the  family  of  General  Otis;  studied  law, 
and  began  to  practice  in  Plymouth  in  1786;  was  some 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  adopt  the  Federal  Constitution;  member 
of  the  State  Senate  in  1795;  appointed  Comptroller 
of  the  United  States  Treasury,  1795;  District  Attorney 
for  Massachusetts  in  1796;  was  United  States  Dis 
trict  Judge  from  1801  until  his  death;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1820;  was 


130 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


a  member  of  many  learned  societies,  and  President 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  from  1818  to 
1843;  in  1813  delivered  an  address  in  commemora 
tion  of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  before  that 
society;  was  an  antiquarian  of  considerable  eminence, 
and  wrote  many  scientific  and  other  valuable  essays 
and  addresses.  Died  in  Boston,  January  14,  1847. 

Davis,  John ;  was  born  in  Northborough,  Mas 
sachusetts,  January  13,  1787;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1812;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815;  w.as  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1825  to  1834;  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts  during  the  years  1834  and  1835,  and  1841  and 
1842;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1845  to  1853,  always  serving  on  impor 
tant  Committees  and  exerting  much  influence;  on 
account  of  his  many  popular  qualities  he  was  called 
"Honest  John  Davis."  Died  suddenly,  at  Worces 
ter,  April  19,  1854. 

Davis,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Davis,  John ;  was  born  at  Newton,  Massachu 
setts,  September  16,  1851 ;  was  educated  in  Boston, 
and  at  the  Universities  of  Heidelberg  and  Berlin, 
Germany ;  was  appointed  a  clerk  in  the  Department 
of  State,  at  Washington,  in  1870;  Secretary  to  the 
Agent  of  the  United  States  before  the.  Tribunal  of  Ar 
bitration  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in  January,  1872; 
Private  Secretary  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  at  Wash 
ington,  in  October,  1872;  was  commissioned  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Commissioners  of  Alabama  Claims,  in 
1874;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875;  was  appointed 
Assistant  Counsel  for  the  United  States  before  the 
French-American  Claims  Commission  in  January, 
1881 ;  in  1882  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of 
State;  in  January,  1885,  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Claims. 

Davis,  John  C.  Bancroft ;  was  born  in  Worces 
ter,  Massachusetts,  December  29,  1822;  son  of  the 
eminent  Senator  John  Davis;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1840;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Lon 
don  from  1849  to  1852,  acting  repeatedly  as  Charge 
d' 'Affaires;  on  his  return  from  England  settled  in  New 
York  City,  where  he  practiced  law;  from  1854  to  1861 
was  a  foreign  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Times; 
subsequently  edited  an  edition  of  the  "  Treaties  of 
the  United  States;  "  in  1868  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1869  was  appointed  Assistant  Secre 
tary  of  State;  while  Assistant  Secretary  he  acted  as 
arbitrator  between  Portugal  and  Great  Britain,  and 
was  secretary,  as  well  as  member,  of  the  High  Com 
mission  which  concluded  the  treaty  of  Washington 
in  1871;  resigned  in  1871  to  become  Agent  of  the 
General  Government  before  the  Tribunal  of  Arbitra 
tion,  at  Geneva,  on  the  Alabama  Claims,  performing 
much  important  work;  in  1873  was  re-appointed  As 
sistant  Secretary  of  State;  in  1874  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Prussia;  in  1882  again 
became  Assistant  Secretary  of  State;  resigned  after  a 
few  months'  service,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Claims,  a  posi 
tion  which  he  retained  but  a  short  time. 

Davis,  John  G.;  was  born  in  Fleming  County, 
Kentucky,  October  10,  1810;  his  education  was  ob 
tained  at  a  country  school,  where,  during  the  winter 
months,  he  studied  the  rudiments  of  reading,  writ- 
iitg,  and  arithmetic;  was  bred  to  the  occupation  of  a 
farmer;  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Parke  County,  Indiana, 
and  resigned  in  1832;  was  Clerk  of  the  Superior  and 
Inferior  Courts  of  that  county  from  1833  to  1851;  was 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-second, 


Thirty-third,  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  also 
served  on  the  Committee  to  Examine  into  the  accounts 
of  the  late  Clerk  of  the  House,  William  Cullom;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands.  Died  at 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  January  18,  1866. 

Davis,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Clarksburg,  West 
Virginia,  May  1,  1835;  was  educated  at  the  North 
western  Virginia  Academy;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  at  Clarksburg;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  of  Virginia  in 
1861,  and  of  West  Virginia  in  1870;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1864 ;  was  one  of  the  Delegates  from 
the  State  at  large  to  the  National  Democratic  Con 
vention  at  New  York  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  several  committees. 

Davis,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1799;  after  completing  his  medical 
studies  in  Baltimore,  in  1821,  at  the  Medical  College, 
emigrated  in  1823  to  Indiana;  served  first,  in  1829, 
as  a  Surrogate,  and  then  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  lower  branch  in  1832 
and  1841 ;  was  also  a  Commissioner  to  make  a  treaty 
with  the  Indians;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Indiana  from  1835  to  1837,  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  again  from  1843  to  1847,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  during  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress;  in  1848  was  appointed  Minister  to  China; 
subsequently  held  the  position  of  Governor  of  Oregon 
Territory;  was  also  President  of  the  Baltimore  Con 
vention  which  nominated  Franklin  Pierce  for  Presi 
dent,  in  1852.  Died  at  Carlisle,  Indiana,  August  22, 
1859. 

Davis,  Joseph  J.;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
North  Carolina,  April  13,  1828;  received  an  academic 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1866;  never  held 
any  other  public  position  until  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth 
Congresses. 

Davis,  Lownd.es  H.;  was  born  at  Jackson, 
Missouri,  December  14,  1836;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1860,  and  at  the  Louisville  Law  School, 
Kentucky,  in  1863;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law; 
was  State's  Attorney  for  the  Tenth  Judicial  Circuit 
of  Missouri  from  1868  to  1872;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1872;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1875 ;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty- 
sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Davis,  Noah ;  was  born  in  Ha'verhill,  New 
Hampshire,  September  10,  1818;  received  a  liberal 
education;  studied  law,  came  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and 
was  for  many  years  a  successful  practitioner  in  Al 
bion,  New  York,  in  which  place  his  father  had  settled 
in  1825;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  from  1857  to  1868;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  and  Coin 
age,  Weights  and  Measures;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  but  resigned  to  become  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  New  York;  in 
1873  was  again  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
presided  over  the  court  where  Edward  Stokes  and 
William  M.  Tweed  were  tried  and  convicted,  the  first 
for  murder  and  the  second  for  malfeasance  in  office ; 
once  wrote  to  a  friend  of  his  election  to  Congress  as 
the  chief  misfortune  of  his  life. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


131 


Davis,  Reuben ;  was  born  in  Tennessee,  January 
18,  1813;  was  self-educated,  owing  to  the  limited 
means  of  his  father;  studied  and  practiced  medicine 
for  a  few  years,  and  afterwards  pursued  the  law  as  a 
profession;  in  1835  was  chosen  District  Attorney  for 
the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Mississippi;  in  1837 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office;  served  four  months, 
in  1842,  on  the  bench  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeals;  was  in  the  Mexican  War  as  Colonel 
Commandant  of  the  Mississippi  Rifles,  but  resigned 
on  account  of  sickness;  was  elected  to  the  lower 
'branch  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1855  to  1857; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Roads,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was-  a 
member  of  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three; 
joined  the  Rebellion  in  1861. 

Davis,  Richard  D.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1818;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1841  to 
1845, 

Davis,  Robert  T.;  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Down,  North  of  Ireland,  August  28,  1823;  emigrated, 
with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  when  three 
years  of  age,  and  settled  at  Amesbury,  Massachu 
setts;  was  educated  at  Amesbury  Academy,  and  at 
the  Friends'  Boarding  School,  Providence,  Rhode 
Island;  graduated  from  the  Medical  Department  of 
Harvard  University  in  1847;  settled  at  Fall  River, 
Massachusetts,  in  1850;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1853;  State  Senator  in  1859  and 
186r;  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Charities  in 
1863,  and  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  from  its  or 
ganization,  in  1869,  until  its  consolidation,  in  1879, 
as  the  State  Board  of  Health,  Lunacy,  and  Charity, 
of  which  he  then  became,  and  continued,  a  member; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tions  of  1860  and  1876;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Fall 
River  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Davis,  Roger ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1815. 

Davis,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1813  to  1815;  in  1803,  from  1808  to  1812,  and 
in  1815  and  1816,  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature. 

Davis,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Louisiana  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Davis,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Ireland;  emigrated 
to  Rhode  Island;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1853  to  1855. 

Davis,  Thomas  T.;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  in  1803,  United  States  Judge  for  the 
Territory  of  Indiana. 

Davis,  Thomas  T.;  was  born  in  Middlebury, 
Addison  County,  Vermont,  August  22,  1701;  grad 
uated  at  Hamilton  College,  New  York,  in  1831; 
studied  law  in  Syracuse,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1833;  as  a  public  man,  his  time  was  chiefly 
devoted  to  business  connected  with  railroads,  with 
various  kinds  of  manufacturing,  and  with  the  mining 
of  coal;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals.  Died  May  2,  1872. 


Davis  Timothy;  was  born  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  in  March,  1794;  received  a  common  school 
education;  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1816,  and  was 
there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817;  spent  twenty  years 
of  his  life  in  Missouri ;  having  removed  to  Iowa,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Post-Office  and  Post  Roads. 

Davis,  Timothy ;  was  born  in  Gloucester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  12,  1821;  was  educated  at  a  dis 
trict  school;  spent  two  years  in  a  printing  office; 
lived  a  number  of  years  in  Boston  as  a  clerk  and  as  a 
merchant;  in  1854,  by  an  vinusually  large  majority, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his 
native  district;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Naval  Affairs;  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  to  a  place  in  the  Boston  Custom  House  in  1861. 

Davis,  "Warren  R.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  College  of  South  Carolina  in  1810; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  came  to  the  bar  in 
1814 ;  was  appointed  Solicitor  for  South  Carolina  in 
1818;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1825  to  1835;  died  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  January  29,  1835,  aged  forty- 
two  years.  It  was  while  attending  his  funeral  that 
President  Jackson  was  fired  at  by  a  man  named 
Lawrence. 

Davis,  "William  M. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Davy,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Ottawa,  Ontario, 
June  29,  1835;  removed,  with  his  parents,  when  a 
child,  to  Monroe  County,  New  York;  received  a  com 
mon  school  and  academic  education;  studied  law, 
and  on  coming  to  the  bar  in  Rochester,  was  elected 
District  Attorney  for  Monroe  County  for  three  years; 
in  1872  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  for  the 
Port  of  Genesee,  which  office  he  held  until  1874, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.;  was  born  in  Cnmmington, 
Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts,  October  30,  1816; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1839,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  taught  school  for  a  time,  and 
edited  a  paper  called  the  Greenfield  Gazcite ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  during 
the  years  1848,  1849,  and  1852;  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1850,  and  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
in  1853;  was  District  Attorney  for  the  Western  Dis 
trict  of  his  native  State,  from  1853  until  elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  wherein  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  again  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  continuing  at  the  head  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections,  and  serving  on  that  on  Weights 
and  Measures;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  again  at  the  head  of 
the  Committee  on  Elections;  also  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty -third  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  most  important  Committees;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1875,  and  ending  in  1881;  was  re-elected  for 
another  term  of  six  years. 


132 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Dawes,  James  W.;  was  born  at  McConnells- 
ville,  Ohio,  January  8,  1845;  removed,  with  his  pa 
rents,  to  Newport,  Wisconsin,  in  1856;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  was  reared  on  a  farm ;  was 
a  merchant's  clerk  at  Kilbourn  City,  Wisconsin, 
from  1864  to  1868;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1871 ;  in  that  year  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  at  Crete,  Nebraska;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1875;  was  made 
Trvfstee  and  Secretary  of  Doane  College,  Nebraska, 
the  same  year,  and  continued  in  those  positions;  was 
elected  State  Senator  in  1876;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Republican  State  Central  Committee  from  1876  to 
1882;  in  1877  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1880;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Republican 
Committee  from  1880  to  1884;  in  1882  was  elected 
Governor  of  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  two  years ;  was 
re-elected  Governor  in  1884;  was  a  Trustee,  and 
Secretary,  of  Doane  College,  at  Crete,  Nebraska. 

Dawes,  Rufus  R.;  was  born  at  Malta,  Ohio, 
July  4,  1838;  graduated  at  Marietta  College,  Ohio. 
in  1860;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  as  Cap 
tain,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  en 
gaged  in  business  at  Marietta,  Ohio;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress. 

Dawson,  John  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  in  1782 ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1793 ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from 
1797  to  1814;  served  in  one  of  the  State  Conventions 
of  Virginia,  and  in  the  General  Assembly;  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Virginia;  ren 
dered  service  in  the  War  of  1812,  as  Aid  to  the  Com 
manding  General,  on  the  Lakes;  was  appointed 
bearer  of  dispatches  to  France,  in  1801,  by  President 
Adams.  Died  in  Washington  City,  March  30,  1814, 
aged  fifty-two  years. 

Dawson,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Nashville,  Ten 
nessee,  in  1800;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Louisiana  from  1841  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  St.  Francisville,  Louisiana,  June 
26,  1845;  had  repeatedly  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
Louisiana;  was  a  Militia  General  of  the  State,  and 
was  Judge  of  the  Parish  Court  in  which  he  resided 
before  his  election  to  Congress. 

Dawson,  John  L.;  was  born  in  Uniontown,  Fay- 
ette  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  7,  1813;  was 
educated  at  Washington  College;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk, 
in  1845,  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Western  Dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-second  and  Thirty- 
third  Congresses,  serving  during  the  last  term  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture;  in  1862 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty -eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and 
also  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  was  the 
author  of  the  Homestead  Bill,  which  passed  in  1854; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Conventions  of  1844, 
1848,  and  1860,  and  to  the  Cincinnati  Convention  of 
1856;  was  appointed  Governor  of  Kansas,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  in  1855,  but  declined  the  appointment; 
re-elected  in  1864  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Rules  and  Foreign  Affairs; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 
Died  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  September 
18,  1870. 

Dawson,  "William  ;  was  a  resident  of  New  Mad 
rid,  Missouri;  in  1884,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


Dawson,  "William  C. ;  was  born  in  Greene  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  January  4,  1798;  graduated  at  Franklin 
College  in  1816;  studied  law  at  home  and  at  Litch- 
field,  Connecticut;  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar, 
settled  at  Greensborough  in  1818,  where  he  was  emi 
nently  successful  as  a  jury  lawyer;  was,  for  twelve 
years,  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Geor 
gia,  and  several  times  Senator  and  Representative  in 
the  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1837  to  1842;  in  1845  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Ockmulgee  Circuit;  from  1849 
to  1855  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  where  he 
served  on  important  Committees,  and  commanded  a 
wide  influence.  Died  May  5,  1856. 

Dawson,  "William  J. ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1793  to  1795. 

Day,  Rowland  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1816  and  1817;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1833  to  1835. 

Day,  Thomas;  was  born  at  New  Preston,  Con 
necticut,  in  1777;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1797; 
was  tutor  in  Williams  College  in  1798;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  Hartford  in  1799;  was  Assistant  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  1809,  and  Secretary  in  1810;  was 
Associate  Judge  of  the  County  Court  from  1815  to 
1825,  when  he  was  made  Chief  Judge  of  that  Court, 
and  held  that  office  till  1833;  was  Judge  of  the  City 
Court  of  Hartford  from  1818  to  1831 ;  was  one  of  the 
Committee  to  prepare  the  Statutes  of  1808,  1821,  and 
1824;  reported  the  decisions  of  the  Court  of  Errors, 
from  1805  to  1853,  published  in  twenty  volumes- 
was  an  original  member  of  the  Connecticut  Histori 
cal  Society,  and  President  of  it  from  1839  till  his 
death;  also  President  of  the  Wadsworth  Athenamm 
and  a  liberal  contributor.  Died  at  Hartford,  March 
1,  1855. 

Day,  Timothy  C.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty -fourth 
Congress. 

Day,  "William  A.;  was  born  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  June  11,  1850;  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education;  attended  the  Law  School  of 
Harvard  University,  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts; 
removed  to  Champaign,  Illinois;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  in  1872,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Champaign,  Illinois; 
was  twice  elected  Corporation  Counsel  of  Cham 
paign;  served  two  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the 
Illinois  State  Legislature;  in  June,  1883,  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Champaign  for  the  term  of  two  years;  in 
June,  1885,  was  appointed  Second  Auditor  of  the 
United  States  Treasury. 

Dayan,  Charles  ;  was  born  at  Amsterdam,  New 
York,  July  16,  1792;  until  fourteen  years  of  age 
worked  in  a  mill;  at  that  time  began  to  study,  and 
was  successful;  taught  school  for  four  winters  at  a 
salary  of  two  dollars  per  month;  studied  law,  and 
was  a  successful  practitioner  for  many  years;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1831 
to  1833;  a  State  Senator  in  1827  and  1828;  acting 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  1829;  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  in  1835  and  1836;  was  also  District  Attorney 
for  Lewis  County  for  five  years. 

Dayton,  Aaron  O.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
in  1838  was  appointed  the  Fourth  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  held  the  office  until  1859. 

Dayton,  Elias ;  was  an  officer  of  the  Revolution; 
in  1778  was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Colonel  of  the 
New  Jersey  Regiment;  at  the  close  of  the  war  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


133 


promoted  to  Brigadier-General;  was  a  Major-General 
of  Militia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1787  to  1788.  Died  at  Elizabethtowu, 
July,  1807,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Dayton,  Jonathan;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1776;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention,  in  1787,  which  formed  the 
Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1791  to  1799;  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  from  1795  to  1797;  was 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  New  Jersey  from 
1799  to  1805;  he  was  a  distinguished  statesman. 
Died  at  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey,  October  9, 1824, 
aged  about  sixty-eight  years. 

Dayton,  "William  L.;  was  born  in  Somerset 
County,  New  Jersey,  February  17,  1807;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1825;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  having  come  to  the  bar  in  1830;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate  of  New  Jersey  in  1837;  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  'State,  February  28,  1838;  resigned  in  1841, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1842  to  1851;  in  1856  was  the  Repub 
lican  Candidate  for  Vice-President  on  the  ticket  w'ith 
J.  C.  Fremont;  in  March,  1857,  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  New  Jersey,  which  office  he  held 
until  1861,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Minister  to  France;  was  also  a  Regent  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.  Died  in  Paris.  Decem 
ber  2,  1864. 

Dayton,  William  L.;  was  born  at  Trenton,  New 
Jersey,  April  13,  1839;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Prince 
ton,  New  Jersey,  in  1858;  studied  law;  was  Second 
Secretary  of  the  American  Legation  at  Paris,  France, 
from  1861  to  1865;  was  Secretary  to  the  Governor  of 
New  Jersey  from  1865  to  1868;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1866,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Trenton,  New  Jersey;  was  President  of  the  Common 
Council  of  Trenton  from  1876  to  1879;  City  Solicitor 
from  1879  to  1881;  in  April,  1882,  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  Resident  at  The  Hague, 
Netherlands. 

Deady,  Matthew  P.;  was  born  near  Easton, 
Talbot  County,  Maryland,  May  12,  1824;  during  his 
minority  lived  in  Maryland,  Virginia,  and  Ohio;  stud 
ied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  the  latter  State  in 
1847;  in  1849  removed  to  Oregon,  where  he  engaged 
in  teaching  and  practiced  his  profession;  in  1850  was 
elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  Legislature  of  the 
Territory,  and  in  1851  to  the  upper  House,  serving 
as  President ;  in  1853  was  appointed  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory,  serving  until 
the  State  was  established,  when  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Oregon; 
in  1857  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  which  formed  the  State  Constitution,  and 
was  President  of  that  body;  in  1862  and  1864,  by 
authority  of  the  Legislature,  prepared  the  Codes  of 
Criminal  and  Civil  Procedure,  and  the  Penal  Code  of 
the  State;  in  1865  published  the  General  Laws  of  the 
State,  and  assisted  in  the  same  work  in  1874. 

Dean,  Benjamin ;  was  born  at  Clitheroe,  Eng 
land,  August  14,  1824;  emigrated  to  America  at  an 
early  age,  and  located  at  Lowell,  Massachusetts;  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools,  and  at  Dartmouth 
College;  studied  law  at  Lowell  and  at  the  Cambridge 
Law  School;  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Lowell  in 
1845 ;  subsequently  removed  to  Boston ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate  in  1862,  1863  and  1869;  suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  of  Walbridge  A.  Field  as 


a  Representative  from   Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  took  his  seat  March  28,  1878. 

Dean,  Ezra ;  was  born  in  New  York,  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1841  to  1845. 

Dean,  Gilbert;  was  born  in  Pleasant  Valley, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York;  in  May,  1837,  entered 
the  Amenia  Seminary;  in  September  of  the  same  year 
went  to  Yale  College;  graduated  in  1841;  studied  law 
in  Pine  Plains;  commenced  practice  in  Poughkeep- 
sie  in  1844,  attaining  eminence  in  his  profession;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1851  to  1853;  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term, 
but  resigned,  in  1855,  to  accept  the  office  of  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  in  1862  was  elected 
to  the  Assembly.  Died  at  Poughkeepsie  in  1870. 

Dean,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Baynham,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  16,  1748;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1805;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1807  to  1809;  from  1804  to  1807  was 
a  State  Senator;  in  1810  and  1811  was  a  member  ol 
the  State  Legislature.  Died  October  14,  1818. 

Dean,  Sidney ;  was  horn  in  Glastenbury,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  November  16, 1818;  received 
a  common  school  education;  entered  upon  active  life 
as  a  manufacturer;  subsequently  became  a  clergy 
man  ;  served  one  year  in  the  Legislature  of  Connecti 
cut;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  in  1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857,  officiating, 
during  his  first  term,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Expenditures,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1860  he 
settled  in  Rhode  Island  as  a  clergyman. 

Deane,  Silas  ;  was  born  at  Groton,  Connecticut, 
December  24,  1737;  graduated  at  Yale  College,  1758; 
settled  as  a  merchant  in  Wethersfield,  Connecticut; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Congress  of  1774;  in  1775  fitted 
out  a  large  naval  force  for  the  Marine  Committee;  in 
June,  1776,  was  commercial  and  political  Agent  for  the 
Committee  of  Secret  Correspondence,  to  operate  in 
France,  Holland,  and  Great  Britain,  to  procure  one 
hundred  field-pieces,  and  clothing,  arms,  and  muni 
tions  of  war  for  twenty-five  thousand  men;  was 
chosen,  by  Congress,  Ambassador  to  France,  with 
Franklin  and  Jefferson,  but,  the  latter  declining, 
Arthur  Lee  took  his  place;  succeeded  in  negotiating 
treaties  with  France,  which  were  signed  at  Paris, 
February  6,  1778;  he  was  given  full  credit  for  these 
important  services,  and  it  was  through  him  that 
Lafayette  was  secured  to  our  country's  service;  he 
was,  however,  recalled  November  21,  1777,  on  ac 
count  of  dissatisfaction  in  Congress  at  not  being  able 
to  meet  the  engagements  which  he  had  made  with 
foreign  officers;  this  recall  was  accompanied  by  a  re 
quest  to  obtain  information  of  the  state  of  affairs  in 
Europe,  and  report  immediately  to  Congress;  he 
received  this  dispatch  March  4,  1778,  and  arrived  at 
home  July  10,  1778;  he  soon  saw  that  he  was  re 
garded  with  disfavor  by  Congress,  and  it  was  nearly 
six  weeks  before  any  notice  was  taken  of  his  attend 
ance.;  he  was  then  required  to  give  such  a  report  of 
his  mission  as  obliged  his  return  to  France,  which 
much  exasperated  him,  and  caused  a  controversy 
with  influential  members;  he  was  discharged  from 
further  attendance  on  Congress  August  6,  1779,  and  a 
person  appointed  to  audit  his  accounts;  he  returned  to 
France  in  1780;  published  letters  charging  the  French 
Cabinet  with  intrigue,  and,  becoming  obnoxious  to 
them,  withdrew  to  the  Netherlands,  impoverished 
almost  to  penury;  embittered  and  exasperated,  he 
became  estranged  from  his  country,  and  went  to 
England;  Dr.  Franklin  testified  to  his  probity  and 
honesty,  but  the  enmity  of  Lee  prevailed  against  him 


134 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  Congress,  and  was  the  cause  of  his  ruin;  in  1842 
his  claims  -were  adjusted  by  Congress,  and  a  large 
sum  was  paid  over  to  his  heirs;  his  diplomatic  corre 
spondence,  his  "Narrative,"  "An  Address  to  the 
Free  and  Independent  Citizens  of  the  United  States," 
printed  in  Hartford  and  London,  and  a  volume  entitled 
"Paris  Papers,  or  Deane's  Late  Intercepted  Letters  to 
His  Brother  and  other  Friends,"  published  in  New 
York — all  tend  to  exonerate  his  conduct,  and  satisfy 
the'  reader  of  the  present  day  that  he  was  a  man  of 
eminent  ability  and  misrepresented.  Died  at  i^'oul, 
England,  August  23,  178J. 

Dearborn,  Henry ;  was  a  native  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of  physic  at  Ports 
mouth;  was  a  Captain  in  Stu.k's  regiment  at  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill;  accompanied  Arnold  in  the 
expedition  through  the  wilderness  of  Maine  to  Que 
bec;  was  captured  by  the  British,  and  put  into  close 
confinement,  but  in  May,  177o,  was  permitted  to  re 
turn  on  parole;  in  March,  1777,  was  exchanged; 
served  as  a  Major  in  the  army  under  Gates,  at  the 
capture  of  Burgoyne;  distinguished  himself  at  the 
battle  of  Monmouth  by  a  gallant  charge  on  the 
enemy;  Dearborn  being  sent  to  ask  for  further  orders, 
Washington  inquired,  "What  troops  are  those?" 
"Full-blooded  Yankees  from  New  Hampshire,  sir," 
was  the  reply;  in  1779  accompanied  Sullivan  in  his 
expedition  against  the  Indians;  in  1780  was  with  the 
army  in  New  Jersey;  in  1781  was  at  Yorktown,  at 
the  surrender  of  Cornwallis;  in  1789  Washington 
appointed  him  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Maine;  was 
a  member  of  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1793 
to  1797;  in  1801  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War, 
and  held  the  office  till  1809,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  office  of  Collector  of  Boston;  in  1812  received 
a  commission  as  senior  Major-Oeneral  in  the  army  of 
the  United  States;  in  the  spring  of  1813  captured 
York,  in  Upper  Canada,  and  Fort  George,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Niagara;  was  recalled  by  President 
Madison  in  July;  was  ordered  to  assume  the  com 
mand  of  the  military  district  of  New  York  City;  in 
3822  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Portugal;  two  years  later  returned  to  America  at  his 
own  request.  Died  in  1829,  aged  seventy-eight 
years. 

Dearborn,  Henry  A.  S.;  was  born  in  1783,  in 
Exter,  New  Hampshire;  was  educated  at  William 
and  Mary  College,  Virginia,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  Washington,  while  bis  father  was 
Secretary  of  War  under  Jefferson;  finished  his  studies 
at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  and  commenced  to  practice 
in  that  city;  removed  to  Portland,  and  superimendr-.d 
the  erection  of  the  forts  in  the  Harbor;  was  appointed 
Collector  of  the  Port  of  Boston,  by  President  Madi 
son,  (having  been  previously  made  Deputy  Collector 
by  his  father  when  Collector),  as  an  inducement  for 
his  father  to  accept  the  command  of  the  army,  and 
held  the  office  until  removed  by  General  Jackson  in 
1829;  in  1812  was  Brigadier  of  Militia,  and  had  the 
command  of  the  troops  in  Boston  Harbor;  in  1821 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for  revising  the  Con 
stitution  of  Massachusetts;  in  1829  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Legislature  from  Roxbury;  the  same  year 
was  chosen  Executive  Councilor,  and  the  following 
year  a  State  Senator;  from  1831  to  1833  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress;  was  soon  appointed  Adjutant- 
General  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  in  that 
office  till  1843,  when  he  was  removed  for  lending 
some  of  the  State  arms  during  the  Dorr  Rebellion  in 
Rhode  Island;  in  1847  was  chosen  Mayor  of  Roxbury, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  While  in  the 
custom-house  in  Boston  he  wrote  and  published  three 
volumes  on  the  "  Commerce  of  the  Black  Sea."  He 
also  wrote  a  biography  of  Commodore  Bainbridge,  and 


one  of  his  father;   a  book  on  Architecture,  and  a  Life 
of  Christ.     Died  in  Portland,  Maine,  July  29,  1851. 

Deberry ,  Edmund ;  was  born  i  n  Montgomery 
County,  North  Carolina,  August  14,  1787;  was-  edu 
cated  at  the  common  schools  of  the  county,  and  hav 
ing  entered  public  life,  in  1806,  as  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  continued  to  serve  there,  with  oc 
casional  intermissions,  until  1828;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1829  to 
1831,  from  1833  to  1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 
Died  in  his  native  county  in  1859. 

De  Bolt,  Bezin  A. ;  was  born  in  Fairfield  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  January  20,  1828;  received  a  common 
school  education  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  tanner; 
read  law;  went  to  the  bar  in  1854,  and  removed  to 
Missouri  in  1858;  was  for  two  years  a  Commissioner 
of  Public  Schools;  entered  the  Volunteer  Army  as 
a  Captain,  and  having  been  captured  at  Shiloh,  spent 
more  than  a  year  in  a  Southern  prison ;  on  being  re 
leased  resigned  his  commission  and  resumed  his  pro 
fession;  re-entered  the  army  in  1864,  as  a  Major;  was 
elected  Circuit  Judge,  and  continued  in  the  office 
until  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

De  Bow,  James  D.  B.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  July  10,  1820;  was  employed  for 
seven  years  in  a  mercantile  house;  graduated  at 
Charleston  College  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  Charleston  in  1844;  became  edi 
tor  of  the  Southern  Quarterly  Review;  an  article  by 
him  upon  "Oregon  and  the  Oregon  Question"  at 
tracted  much  attention  and  occasioned  a  debate  in 
the  French  Chamber  of  Deputies;  in  1845  removed 
to  New  Orleans  and  established  De  Bow's  Commercial 
Review;  was  Professor  of  Political  Economy  and  Com 
mercial  Statistics  in  the  University  of  Louisiana  in 
1848;  and  was  for  three  years  at  the  head  of  the 
Census  Bureau  of  Louisiana;  in  1853  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Census;  was  Pres 
ident  of  the  Commercial  Convention  at  Knoxville  in 
1857;  contributed  several  articles  to  the  "Encyclopedia 
Brittanica;"  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Louisiana 
Historical  Society,  now  the  Academy  of  Science;  dis 
continued  the  publication  of  the  Review  during  the 
civil  Avar;  resumed  it  in  New  York,  and  afterwards 
at  Nashville;  was  the  author  of  "  Encyclopedia  of 
the  Trade  and  Commerce  of  the  United  States," 
"  The  Southern  Sintes,  their  Agriculture,  Commerce 
etc.,"  "  Industrial  Resources  of  the  Southwest,"  and 
"Compendium  of  the  Seventh  United  States  Cen 
sus."  Died  in  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey,  February  27, 
1867. 

Deering,  Nathaniel  C.;  was  born  at  Denmark, 
Maine,  September  2,  1827;  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1855  and  1856;  removed  to 
Osage,  Iowa,  in  1857;  was  a  Clerk  in  the  United 
States  Senate  for  several  years;  then  a  Special  Agent 
of  the  Post  Office  Department,  serving  until  1869; 
was  a  National  Bank  Examiner  from  1872  to  1877; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  For- 
ty-iifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses; 
declined  a  re-nomination. 

Defrees,  John  D.;  was. born  in  Sparta,  Tennes 
see,  November  10,  1810;  after  receiving  a  year's 
schooling  in  a  log  school-house,  began,  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  to  learn  the  business  of  printing;  read  law 
with  Thomas  Corwin  in  Ohio;  settled  at  South  Bend, 
Indiana,  in  1831;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  for  eight  years;  was  for  many  years  the  owner 
and  editor  of  the  Indiana  State  Journal;  in  1861  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Superintendent  of 
Public'Printing. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


135 


Defrees,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Carthage, 
"White  County,  Tennessee,  May  13,  1812;  received  a 
good  common  school  education;  spent  his  early  day; 
in  the  printing  business;  subsequently  turned  his  at- 
'tention  to  merchandising  in  Indiana;  in  1836  was 
:  elected  Sheriff  of  Elkhart  County,  and  was  re-elected 
:in  1838;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the  Indiana  Legisla 
ture;  in  1850  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1864  was  chosen 
a  Kepresentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Banking  and 
Currency,  and  Roads  and  Canals. 

Degener,  Edward;  was  born  in  Brunswick, 
i  Germany,  October  20,  1809;  received  an  academic 
'education  in  England  and  Germany;  was  member  of 
a  legislative  body  in  Anhalt-Dessau,  and  a  member 
•of  the  first  German  Parliament  in  Frankfort;  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1850,  and  settled  in  Sisterdale, 
Texas,  as  a  farmer;  was  court-martialed  and  impris 
oned  by  the  Confederates  for  his  devotion  to  the 
Union  cause;  after  his  release  remained  in  ij.m  Anto 
nio  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1866,  in 
which  he  favored  universal  suffrage;  was  again  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1868; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
several  committees. 

DeG-raff,  John  I,;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Deitz,  William ;  was  born  in  Schoharie  County, 
New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly  in  1814  and  1815;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1825  to  1827;  a  State  Sen 
ator  from  1830  to  1833. 

De  Jarnette,  Daniel  C.;  was  born  in  Caroline 
{Bounty,  Virginia,  in  1822;  received  a  liberal  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  occupation  of  a  farmer  ;  served 
many  years  in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Rev 
olutionary  Claims;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
•Columbia;  withdrew  in  1861. 

Delahay,  Mark  W.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Kansas;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of  Kansas. 

De  La  Matyr,  Gilbert ;  was  born  at  Pharsalia, 
New  York,  July  8,  1825;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  graduated  in  the  Theological  Course  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1854.  and  became 
an  Itinerant  Elder  of  that  church;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  General  Conference  in  1868,  and  was 
Presiding  Elder  for  one  term;  was  a  chaplain  in  the 
Union  Army  from  1862  to  1865;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Delano,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Braintree.  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Amherst  College  in 
1840;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1842;  in 
1850  was  appointed  Treasurer  of  Hampshire  County; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Delano,  Columbus;  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
.Vermont,  in  1809;  removed  to  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio, 
in  1817;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  and  became 
eminently  successful,  both  as  a  criminal  prosecutor 
and  an  advocate;  in  1844  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress,  and 
served  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  in  1847 


was  a  candidate  for  Governor,  but  lacked  two  votes 
of  a  nomination;  in  1860  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention;  in  1861  was  appointed  Commis 
sary-General  of  Ohio,  and  filled  the  office  with  great 
success  until  the  general  government  assumed  the 
subsistence  of  all  State  troops;  in  1862  was  a  candi 
date  for  United  States  Senator,  but  again  lacked  two 
votes  of  nomination;  in  1863  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  Ohio,  and  was  a  promi 
nent  member  of  that  body,  taking  a  leading  part  in 
shaping  the  important  legislation  of  that  session ;  in 
1864  was  a  member  of  the  Baltimore  Convention,  and 
Chairman  of  the  Ohio  Delegation,  zealously  support 
ing  President  Lincoln  and  Andrew  Johnson;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  having  relin 
quished  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  became 
extensively  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  the 
business  of  banking;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  in  1868 
successfully  contested  the  seat  of  G.  W.  Morgan  for 
the  Fortieth  Congress;  after  leaving  Congress  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue;  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department,  by 
President  Grant,  in  1870,  and  resigned  in  1875. 

Delaplaine,  Isaac  C.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

De  Large,  Robert  C.;  was  born  in  Aiken,  South 
Carolina,  March  15,  1842;  bred  a  farmer;  was  agent 
of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  in  1867;  in  1868  was 
elected  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1868  to  1870; 
was  one  of  the  State  Commissioners  of  the  Sinking 
Fund;  elected,  in  1870,  State  Land  Commissioner; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress. 

De  Lisle,  Moreau ;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of 
Orleans,  in  1808. 

Dellet,  James ;  was  a  native  of  Ireland;  was-  one 
of  the  early  graduates  of  the  University  of  South 
Carolina,  in  1810;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law, 
coming  to  the  bar  in  1813;  was  a  Commissioner  in 
Equity;  removed  to  Alabama  in  1818,  where  he  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  fre 
quently  represented  his  County  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 
Died  at  Claibourne,  December  21,  1848,  aged  sixty 
years. 

Delmar,  Alexander;  was  born  in  New  York, 
August  9, 1836;  was  editor  of  the  Social  Science  Review 
in  1864;  in  1866  was  appointed  Director  of  the  Bu 
reau  of  Statistics,  which  he  assisted  in  organizing, 
holding  the  office  until  it  was  abolished ;  subsequently 
devoted  some  attention  to  literary  pursuits,  and 
printed  an  account  of  his  experience  in  the  Treasury 
Department,  as  well  as  several  works  on  political 
economy. 

De  Long,  Charles  E.;  was  a  citizen  of  Nevada; 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Japan  in  1869, 
vnd  in  1870  commissioned  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
o  the  same  country,  where  he  remained  until  1873. 

Deming,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  at  Danville, 
Vermont;  received  a  common  school  education; 
served  a  number  of  years  as  clerk  in  a  store;  was 
"lerk  ot  the  Court  in  his  native  county  for  sixteen 
years;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  for  the  term  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  at 
Saratoga  Springs,  whither  he  had  gone  for  his  health, 
July  11,  1834. 


136 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Deming,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  Connecticut: 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1836,  and  at  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  College  in  1838 ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Connecticut  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850,  and 
also  from  1859  to  1861,  serving  as  Speaker  during  the 
latter  year;  in  1851  was  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate;  subsequently  presided  over  the  city  of  Hartford 
as  Mayor  for  six  years;  in  1861,  as  Colonel  of  the 
Twelfth  Regiment  of  Connecticut  Volunteers,  went 
to  New  Orleans,  and  participated  in  the  capture  of 
that  city;  in  October,  1862,  was  appointed  Mayor  of 
New  Orleans,  which  position  he  held  until  February, 
1863,  when  he  resigned  both  that  office  and  his  com 
mission  in  the  army,  and  returned  home;  two  months 
afterwards  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  and  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  War  De 
partment;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress. 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Death  of  President 
Lincoln,  as  well  as  on  his  former  Committees;  was 
one  of  the  Representatives  appointed  to  attend  the 
funeral  of  General  Scott,  in  1866;  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866; 
was  subsequently  appointed  a  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue.  Died  in  Hartford  October  9,  1872. 

De  Mott,  John ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1833;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845 
to  1847. 

De  Motte,  Mark  L..;  was  born  at  Rockville,  Indi 
ana,  December  28,  1832;  graduated  in  the  Ethical 
Department  of  the  Asbury  University,  Indiana,  in 
1853,  and  in  the  Law  Department  of  that  institution 
in  1855;  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Valpa 
raiso,  Indiana;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in 
1856;  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  Union  Army  during 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  at  the  close  of  the  war  re 
moved  to  Lexington,  Missouri,  and  practiced  law: 
was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Lexington  E  .-/ixlcr 
newspaper  for  eight  years;  was  an  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  Congress  in  1872  and  1876;  in  the  latter  year 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion;  returned  to  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  in  1877;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Denby,  Charles ;  was  born  at  Mount  Joy,  Bot- 
tetourt  County,  Virginia,  June  16,  1830;  was  partly 
educated  at  Georgetown  University,  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  and  was  graduated  from  Virginia  Mili 
tary  Institute,  with  high  honors,  in  1850;  went  at 
once  to  Selma,  Alabama,  where  he  became  a  Profes 
sor  in  the  Masonic  University  at  that  place;  remained 
in  this  position  until  1853,  when  he  went  to  Evans- 
ville,  Indiana,  and  became  Assistant  Editor  of  the 
Evansville  Enquirer;  while  thus  engaged  studied  law ; 
in  1855  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Evansville;  in  1856  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Indiana  Legislature;  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  in  1861  was  prominent  in  raising  volun 
teers  for  the  Union  Army  and  was  commissioned 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  an  Indiana  Regiment;  served 
until  1863,  and  was  promoted  Colonel  for  gallant 
conduct;  was  then  compelled,  by  ill-health,  to  re- 
aign;  resumed  his  law  practice,  which  was  very  large; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Conven 
tions  of  1876  and  1884;  in  June,  1885,  was  appointed 
i>y  President  Cleveland,  United  States  Minister  to 
China. 

Denison,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Wyoming  Val 
ley,  Pennsylvania,  January  23,  1818;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1829;  adopted  and  practiced  the 


profession  of  the  law;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department:  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  but  died  in  Wilkesbarre,  June  27,  1867. 

Denison,  Dudley  Chase;  was  born  at  Royal- 
ton,  Vermont,  September  13,  1819;  received  a  classi 
cal  education,  graduating  at  the  University  of  Ver 
mont  in  1840;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice 
in  1844;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1853  and  1854;  State's 
Attorney  from  1858  to  1860;  a  member  of  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  in  1861,  1862,  and  1863; 
was  United  States  District  Attorney  for  the  District 
of  Vermont;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress.  • 

Denning,  William ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Eleventh  Congress,  but 
did  not  qualify,  having  resigned  before  the  meeting 
of  Congress. 

Dennis,  George  R.;  was  born  in  White  Haven, 
Somerset  County,  Maryland,  April  8,  1822;  gradu 
ated  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of  Troy,  New  York, 
and  entered  the  University  of  Virginia;  studied  med 
icine  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  gradu 
ated  in  1843;  practiced  his  profession  for  many  years ; 
retired,  and  devoted  his  attention  principally  to  ag 
ricultural  pursuits:  was  President  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  Railroad;  was  a  Delegate  from  the  State  at 
large  to  the  National  Whig  Convention,  at  Philadel 
phia,  in  1856;  also  to  the  Democratic  National  Con 
vention,  at  New  York,  in  1868,  serving  as  one  of  the 
Vice  Presidents  of  that  body;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  of  Maryland  in  1854;  to  the  House  of  Dele 
gates  in  1867, 'and  again  to  the  Senate  in  1871;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  Claims,  and  Senate  Ex 
penses. 

Dennis,  John ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County? 
Maryland,  December  17,  1771;  was  educate  1  a*- 
Princeton  College;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mary 
land  in  1796;  was  re-elected  to  five  successive  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Judiciary 
Committee;  died  in  Philadelphia,  August  17,  1807. 
soon  after  ending  his  honorable  career  in  Congress. 
His  son  bearing  the  same  name  was  also  a  member 
of  Congress. 

Dennis,  John ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Maryland,  in  1807;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841;  was  twice 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  member  of 
the  Maryland  State  Convention  in  1850;  was  edu 
cated  for  the  bar,  but  relinquished  professional  life 
for  the  pursuits  of  agriculture.  Died  of  consumption, 
November  1,  1859;  son  of  John  Dennis,  who  was  a 
member  of  Congress. 

Dennis,  Littleton  P.;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1803;  served  many  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
Maryland;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1800,  1812, 
1816,  1824,  and  1828;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Maryland  in  1833.  Died  at  Wash 
ington,  April  14,  1834,  before  the  expiration  of  his 
"erm  in  Congress. 

Dennison,  G-eorge;  was  born  in  Luzernc, 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1823;  was  for 
many  years  Register  and  Recorder  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


137 


County,  and,  before,  as  well  as  after,  his  service  in 
Congress,  was  frequently  returned  to  the  Legislature. 
Died  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831,  while 
in  office. 

Dennison,  William ;  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  November  23,  1815;  graduated  at  Miami  Uni 
versity  in  1835;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1840;  settled  in  Columbus,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession  until  1848;  during  that  year  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature;  in  1852  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
about  that  time  was  made  President  of  the  Exchange 
Bank  of  Columbus,  and  also  President  of  the  Colum 
bus  and  Xenia  Eailroad  Company;  in  1856  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  ' '  Pittsburg  Convention  ' '  which  in 
augurated  the  Republican  party,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  its  proceedings;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Philadelphia  Convention"  of  the  same  year;  in 
1860  and  1861  was  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  did  much 
toward  organizing  the  Volunteer  Army  for  subduing 
the  Rebellion ;  was  Chairman  of  the  ' '  Ohio  Conven 
tion,"  held  in  1862;  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore 
Convention"  of  1864,  over  which  he  presided  as 
President;  in  October,  1864,  became  a  member  of 
President  Lincoln's  Cabinet  as  Postmaster-General, 
which  position  he  resigned;  in  1874  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  Government  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  Died  June  15,  1882. 

Denny,  Arthur  A.;  was  born  in  Indiana  in 
1822;  went  with  his  parents  to  Knox  County,  Illi 
nois,  when  fourteen  years  of  age ;  was  for  eight  years 
Surveyor  of  Knox  County;  in  1851  removed  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  settled  at  Puget's  Sound,  in  what 
is  now  called  Washington  Territory;  was  a  member 
of  the  Territorial  Legislature  from  1853  to.  1861;  was 
four  years  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Olympia; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Washington  Territory  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress. 

Denny,  Harmar ;  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1794;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1837; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
present  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania.  Died  in  Pitts 
burg,  January  29,  1852. 

Denoyelles,  Peter;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Dent,  George ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland,  from  1793  to  1801;  was,  in  the  latter 
year,  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Poto 
mac  District;  during  the  third  session  of  the  Fifth 
Congress  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives.  « 

Dent,  William  B.  W.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Denver,  James  "W.;  was  born  in  Winchester, 
Virginia,  in  1818;  when  quite  young  emigrated  to 
Ohio  with  his  parents;  received  a  good  education;  in 
1841  went  to  Missouri,  where  he  taught  school  and 
studied  law;  served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  a  Cap 
tain,  under  appointment  from  President  Polk;  in 
1850  went  to  California,  where  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Relief  Committee  to  protect  emi 
grants,  and  afterwards  Secretary  of  State  of  Califor 
nia;  was  a  Representative  from  California  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  which 
office  he  resigned  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Gov 
ernor  of  the  Territory  of  Kansas,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  November,  1858,  and  was  re-appointed 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs;  resigned,  March, 


1859;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Cleveland  "Soldiers' 
Convention"  of  1866;  settled  in  Washington  City  as 
an  Attorney-at-Law. 

Derbigny,  Peter ;  was  one  of  three  Commis 
sioners  to  revise  the  laws  of  Louisiana  in  1820; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1828  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  October  6,  1829. 

Desaussure,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  1764;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  engaged  in  the  defense 
of  Charleston  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  and 
after  the  organization  of  the  United  States  Govern 
ment  was  appointed,  by  President  Washington,  Di 
rector  of  the  Mint;  filled  this  office  a  short  time,  and 
returned  to  Charleston  to  resume  the  practice  of  law, 
and  rose  to  eminence;  was  Chancellor  of  South  Caro 
lina  from  1808  to  1837;  published  four  volumes  of 
Equity  Reports,  which  contain  the  early  decisions  of 
the  Equity  Court  of  South  Carolina;  delivered  an 
oration  before  the  South  Carolina  Historical  Society, 
July  4,  1798.  Died  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
March  29,  1839. 

Desaussure,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  in  1792;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1810;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  his  native  State 
from  1852  to  1853. 

Desna,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  De 
cember  9,  1768;  emigrated  to  Kentucky  in  1781;  in 
1794  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  expedition  against 
the  Indians,  under  General  Wayne;  served  for  a  time 
in  the  State  Legislature;  fought  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thames  as  a  Major-Goueral;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1807  to  1819;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Kentucky  for  four  years  from  1824.  Died 
at  Georgetown,  Kentucky,  October  13,  1842. 

Desha,  Robert ;  was  a  prominent  merchant  of 
Mobile;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ten 
nessee  from  1827  to  1831;  was  the  brother  of  Joseph 
Desha.  Died  February  8,  1849. 

Destrihan,  John  Noel;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  for  a  part  of  the  year  1812. 

Deuster,  Peter  Victor ;  was  born  near  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  Germany,  February 
13,  1831;  received  an  academic  education;  emigrated, 
with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1847,  and 
settled  at  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  learned  the  art  of 
printing;  becunie  editor  and  publisher  of  a  newspa 
per;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Represent 
atives  in  1862;  State  Senator  in  1870  and  1871;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  For 
ty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses. 

Dewart,  Lewis  ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1831  to  1833. 

Dewart,  William  L.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  his  native  State ;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Unfinished  Business. 

Deweese,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Crawford  Coun 
ty,  Arkansas,  June  4,  1835;  studied  law  and  adopted 
that  profession;  entered  the  Volunteer  Army  in  1861; 
promoted  to  the  rank  o/  Colonel  in  1863;  after  the 
war  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Regular 
Army,  and  stationed  in  North  Carolina;  after  holding 
the  office  of  Register  in  Bankruptcy  for  a  time,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 


138 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  Revo- 
lutionary  Pensions,  and  as  Chairman  of  those  on  the 
Interior  Department  and  Revolutionary  Pensions, 
but  left  under  a  cloud. 

Dewey,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Sheffield,  Massa 
chusetts,  January  29,  1766;  was  a  lawyer,  having 
studied  under  Theodore  Sedgwick,  and  attained  a 
high  rank  in  his  profession;  was  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  in  1813  and  1814,  when  he 
resigned;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts  in  1814.  Died  June  3,  1815. 

Dewey,  Nelson ;  was  the  first  Governor  of  "Wis 
consin  after  it  became  a  State,  serving  as  such  from 
1848  to  1851. 

De  "Witt,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  April  2,  1797;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  from  1830 
to  1836 ;  devoted  himself  to  the  manufacturing  busi 
ness;  was  a  Bank  President;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1842,  1844,  1850,  and  1851 ;  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1853;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1853  to  1857. 

De  "Witt,  Charles;  was  born  in  1728;  was  a 
Delegate  from  New  York  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1783  to  1785.  Died  at  Kingston,  New 
York,  in  September,  1787. 

De  "Witt,  Charles  GK ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1831;  was  ap- 
.  pointed  Charge  (V  Affaires  for  Central  America  in  1833. 
'  Died  at  Newburg,  April  13,  1839. 

De  Witt,  David  Miller ;  was  born  in  Patterson, 
New  Jersey,  November  25,  1837;  graduated  at  Rut 
gers  College,  New  Brunswick,  in  1858;  studied  law 
in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  practiced  his  profes- 
*  sion ;  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  Ulster  County 
in  1862,  and  re-elected  in  1865;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims. 

De  "Witt,  Jacob  H.;  was  born  in  Ulster  County, 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  1821;  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1839  and  in  1847.  Died  at  Kings 
ton,  New  York,  January  30,  1857,  aged  seventy- 
three  years. 

De  Wolfe,  James ;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1825,  when  he 
resigned.  Died  in  the  City  of  New  York,  December 
21,  1837,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

Dexter,  Samuel ;  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  born  May  14,  1761 ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1781;  having  studied  law  at  Worcester 
with  Levi  Lincoln,  soon  rose  to  professional  emi 
nence;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1793  to 
1795,  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
serving  from  1799  to  1800;  during  the  administration 
of  John  Adams  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War  in 
1800,  and  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  January, 
1801;  for  a  short  time,  also,  had  the  charge  of  the 
Department  of  State;  on  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jeffer 
son  to  the  Presidency,  held  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  and  not  complying  with  an  intimation 
to  resign,  Mr.  Gallatin  was  appointed  in  his  place;  in 
1H12  abandoned  the  party  to  which  he  had  always 
been  attached,  and  became  a  leader  on  the  other 
side,  and,  as  such,  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  of 
Massachusetts,  in  1815  and  1816,  in  opposition  to 
Governor  Brooks;  a  mission  to  Spain  was  offered  him 
by  President  Madison,  in  1815;  died  May  3,  1816,  in 


Athens,  New  York.  He  was  a  warm  advocate  of 
temperance,  and  published  various  papers  on  sci 
ence,  freemasonry,  and  politics. 

Dezendorf,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Lansingburg, 
New  York,  August  10,  1834;  received  an  academic 
education;  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  and  then 
studied  architecture  and  surveying;  engaged  in  va 
rious  pursuits,  removing  to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  in 
1863,  and  engaging  in  the  shipping  business;  was 
City  and  County  Surveyor  from  1866  to  1869;  was 
Assistant  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  from  1869  to 
1871;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Con 
vention  of  1876 ;  was  defeated  for  Congress  in  1878; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Dibble,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  September  16,  1837;  graduated  at  Wofford 
College,  South  Carolina,  in  1856;  taught  school  and 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and 
commenced  practice  at  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1877;  Trustee  of  the  University 
of  South  Carolina  in  1878;  received  the  certificate  of 
election  as  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  alleged 
to  have  been  occasioned  by  the  death  of  M.  P.  O'Con 
nor,  but  the  House  of  Representatives  decided  that 
O'Connor  had  not  been  elected,  and  gave  the  seat  to 
E.  W.  Mackey,  O'Connor's  opponent;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  For 
ty-ninth  Congress. 

Dibrell,  George  GK;  was  born  on  a  farm  in 
White  County,  Tennessee,  April  12,  1822;  was  edu 
cated  at  Knoxville  College;  in  1840  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Bank  of  Tennessee,  at  Sparta;  in  1846 
declined  a  re-election  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
business;  in  1848  was  made  Clerk  of  the  County 
Court;  was  re-elected  three  times  successively;  re 
signed  in  1860;  in  1861  was  elected  as  Union  candi 
date  for  the  Convention;  in  August  of  the  same  year 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  but  volunteered  in  the 
Confederate  service;  in  1862  raised  a  regiment  of 
cavalry,  and  served  until  1863  in  General  Forrest's 
Brigade;  was  made  Brigadier-General  in  1864;  took 
charge  of  the  archives  at  Greensborough  after  the  sur 
render;  returned  to  his  farm  after  the  war;  in  1869 
was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention;  was  elected  President  of  the  South 
western  Railroad;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventhj  and  Forty -eighth  Congresses. 

Dichman,  Ernest ;  was  born  in  1845;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  German-American  Academy,  Milwau 
kee,  Wisconsin;  was  appointed  a  Naval  Cadet  in 
1860;  graduated  from  the  Naval  Academy  in  1863, 
and  was  commissioned  a  Midshipman;  served  in  the 
South  Atlantic  Squadron  until  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War;  rose,  through  the  inteim-diate  grades,  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Commander;  resigned  his  com 
mission  in  1871 ;  having  studied  law  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  engaged  in  practice;  was  United  States 
Minister  to  Columbia  from  1878  to  1881,  when  he  re 
signed;  engaged  in  the  business  of  banking  in  the 
city  of  New  York. 

Dick,  John ;  was  a  citizen  of  Louisiana,  and,  in 
1821,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
for  the  District  of  Louisiana. 

Dick,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
bred  a  merchant;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 


B  1  O  G  li  A  P  H  I  C  A  L     ANNALS. 


139 


that  State  in  1854  and  1855;  was  re-elected,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Dick,  Robert  P. ;  was  bom  at  Greensboro,  North 
Carolina,  October  5,  1823;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  June,  1843;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1846;  was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  District  of  North  Carolina  in 
1853  and  remained  in  that  office  until  1861;  wa 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tions  of  1861  and  1865;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1864-5;  was  elected  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  in  April,  1868,  and 
remained  in  that  office  until  June  7,  1872,  when  he 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Western  District  of  North  Carolina,  continuing  to 
reside  at  Greensboro,  his  native  place. 

Dick,  Samuel;  was  a  physician;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  New  Jersey  in  1782 
and  1784.  Died  in  New  Jersey  in  November,  1812. 

Dick,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Meadville,  Penn 
sylvania,  October  26,  1836;  was  educated  at  Alle 
gheny  College,  Pennsylvania;  engaged  in  the  bank 
ing  business;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1864;  was  Mayor  of  his  native  city  in  1870;  com 
manded  a  brigade  of  Pennsylvania  State  Militia  in 
West  Virginia  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Eepresentative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Dickens,  Asbury;  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1773;  received  a  good  education;  spent  his  early 
life  in  Philadelphia;  afterwards  spent  several  years 
in  Europe;  was  a  clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department 
under  Secretary  Crawford;  Chief  Clerk  of  the  State 
Department  under  Secretary  Van  Buren ;  was  Secre 
tary  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  1836  to  1861. 
Died  in  Washington,  October  23,  1861. 

Dickens,  Samuel ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  during  the  years  1816  and 
1817. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon ;  was  born  in  Morris  County, 
New  Jersey,  April  17,  1770;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1789;  studied  law;  in  early  life  resided  in 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  Eecorder  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  and  subsequently  Quartermaster-Gen 
eral  of  the  State;  returned  to  New  Jersey,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  was  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey;  was  elected 
Governor  of  that  State  in  1815,  and  held  the  office 
until  1817,  when,  he  was  chosen  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  New  Jersey,  and  continued  in  that  office  for 
sixteen  years,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures,  and  as  a  member  of  other  Commit 
tees;  in  1834  became  Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  the 
Cabinet  of  President  Jackson,  and  held  that  office 
until  1838,  some  two  years  after  the  accession  of 
President  Van  Buren ;  for  two  years  was  President  of 
the  American  Institute;  before  entering  the  Navy 
Department,  was  appointed  Minister  to  Eussia,  but 
declined.  Died  in  Morris  County,  New  Jersey,  Octo 
ber  5,  1853,  having,  in  his  later  years,  been  exten 
sively  engaged  in  the  iron  business. 

Dickerson,  Philemon ;  was  the  brother  of  Mah 
lon  Dickerson,  a  native  of  New  Jersey;  was  a  Eepre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  the  Paterson  District,  in 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1839  to 
1841;  in!836was  Governor  of  New  Jersey;  wassubse- 
quently  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  New  Jersey.  Died  at  Paterson,  New  Jer 
sey,  December  10,  1862,  aged  about  seventy  years. 


Dickey,  Henry  L.;  was  born  at  South  Salem' 
Ohio,  October  29,  1832;  received  an  academic  educa" 
tion;  became  a  civil  engineer,  and  engaged  in  railway 
construction  until  1855;  then  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  afterwards  graduated  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  School,  in  1859;  was  a  Eepresentative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1861;  was  a  State  Senator 
in  1867  and  1868;  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Dickey,  Jesse  C.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Eepresentative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1851. 

Dickey,  John ;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1843  to  1845,  and  from  1847  to 
1849;  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  United  States 
Marshal  for  Western  Pennsylvania.  Died  in  Beaver 
County,  March  14,  1853. 

Dickey,  Oliver  J. ;  was  born  in  Brighton,  Beaver 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  6,  1823;  passed  through 
the  junior  year  at  Dickinson  College;  studied  law  in 
Lancaster;  never  held  any  public  office,  except  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Lancaster  County,  from  1856  to 
1859;  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  Fortieth 
Congress  caused  by  the  death  of  Thaddeus  Stevens, 
with  whom  he  had  studied  law;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and  the  Navy  De 
partment. 

Dickey,  T.  Lyle  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois,  from 
which  State  he  was,  in  1866,  appointed  Assistant, 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  serving  about 
a  year. 

Dickinson,  Andrew  B.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York;  in  1861  was  appointed  Minister  Eesident  to 
Nicaragua,  where  he  remained  until  1869;  received 
two  commissions,  the  last  one  making  him  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  and  Envoy  Extraordinary. 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S.;'was  born  in  Goshen, 
Litchtield  County,  Connecticut,  September  11,  1800; 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Chenango  County,  New 
York,  in  1806;  received  a  common-school  education; 
in  1821  entered  upon  the  duties  as  a  school  teacher, 
and,  without  the  aid  of  an  instructor,  mastered  the 
Latin  language,  and  became  versed  in  the  higher 
branches  of  mathematics  and  other  sciences;  studied 
law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1830,  and  settled  in  Bing- 
hamton,  where  he  long  practiced  his  profession  with 
success;  in  1836  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serv 
ing  from  1837  to  1840;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Errors  from  1836  to  1841;  from  1842  to  1844  was 
President  of  that  Court;  was  Lieutenant-Governor, 
and  President  of  the  Senate;  was  a  Eegent  of  the 
University  of  New  York  in  1843;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  noniinated  J.  K.  Polk  for 
President;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1844  to 
1851,  serving  on  important  committees,  originating 
and  ably  supporting  several  important  measures;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Conventions  of  1848  and 
1852;  in  1861  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  of  New  York;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Balti 
more  Convention  "  of  1864;  in  1865  was  appointed, 
ay  President  Lincoln,  United  States  District  Attorney 
ibr  the  Southern  District  of  New  York.  Died  suddenly 
in  New  York  City,  April  12,  1866.  Before  accepting 
lis  last  public  position  he  declined  several  appoint 
ments  tendered  to  him  by  the  President  of  the 
Jnited  States  and  the  Governor  of  New  York;  his 
1  Life  and  Works  "  were  published  in  1867,  in  two 
volumes. 


140 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Dickinson,  David  "W.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1833  to  1835;  and 
again  from  1843  to  1845.  Died  at  Franklin,  Tennes 
see,  April  27,  of  the  latter  year. 

Dickinson,  Edward;  was  born  in  Amherst, 
Massachusetts,  January  1,  1803;  his  father  was  the 
founder  of  the  college  at  that  place;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1823;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1826;  was  made  Treasurer  of  Amherst  Col 
lege,  and  held  the  position  many  years;  was  a  mem- 
bet  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1838  and  1839;  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1842  and  1843;  of  the  Governor's 
Council  in  1846  and  1847;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1853  to  1855;  was  again  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1873;  on  the  day  of  his  death 
(June  16,  1874,)  he  delivered  a  speech  on  the  rail 
road  interests  of  Massachusetts. 

Dickinson,  Edward  F. ;  was  born  in  Fremont, 
Ohio,  January  21,  1829;  graduated  at  St.  Xavier  Col 
lege  in  Cincinnati;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
served  three  years  in  the  Union  Army  as  a  Lieuten 
ant  and  Regimental  Quartermaster;  was  elected 
Judge  of  Probate  for  Sandusky  County  in  1866;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mines  and 
Mining. 

Dickinson,  John ;  was  born  in  Maryland,  No 
vember  13,  1732;  studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  and 
spent  three  years  at  the  Temple  in  London ;  on  his 
return  to  America  commenced  practice  in  Philadel 
phia;  in  1764  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  in 
1765  of  the  General  Congress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776,  and  opposed 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  fearing  the  strength 
of  the  country  insufficient  to  take  so  important  a 
stand,  but  was  the  only  member  of  Congress  to  face 
the  enemy  a  few  days  after  the  publication  of  the 
Declaration ;  from  1776  to  1777  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  Delaware,  and  again  from  1779  to 
1780,  and  signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation  as  well 
as  the  Constitution;  in  1781  was  President  of  that 
State;  in  1782  was  chosen  President  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  filled  that  office  until  1785;  in  1767  began  to 
publish  his*  letters  against  taxation,  and  wrote  the 
greater  portion  of  the  State  papers  of  the  First  Con 
gress;  his  collected  writings  were  published  in  1801. 
Died  February  14,  1808,  aged  seventy-five,  at  Wil 
mington.  His  writings  were  numerous  and  proved 
him  to  be  a  man  of  very  superior  ability. 

Dickinson,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Middlesex 
County,  Connecticut,  in  1767;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1785;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1819  to  1823,  and  again  from  1827  to 
1831.  Died  at  Troy,  January  28,  1841. 

Dickinson,  Philemon;  was  born  near  Dover, 
Delaware,  April  5,  1739;  was  an  officer  in  the  Amer 
ican  Revolution,  and  enjoyed  a  great  reputation  for 
courage  and  zeal  in  the  cause  of  liberty;  commanded 
the  Jersey  Militia  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth;  was  a 
Delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1782  to  1783;  after  the  organization  of  the  Na 
tional  Government  in  its  present  form,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1790  to  1793; 
having  discharged  in  a  satisfactory  manner  the  duties 
of  the  several  civil  and  military  stations  which  he 
held,  he  enjoyed  several  years  of  retirement  from 
public  life.  Died  at  Trenton,  February  4,  1809. 

Dickinson,  Rudolphus ;  was  born  in  Massa 
chusetts;  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1849.  Died  in  August,  1849. 


Dickson,  David  ;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Mississippi  in  1835  and  1836.  Died  at  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas,  July  31,  1836. 

Dickson,  John;  graduated  at  Middlebury  Col 
lege  in  1808;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at  West  Bloom- 
field,  New  York,  February  22,  1852. 

Dickson,  Samuel  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  during  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress.  Died  at  his  residence  in  New  Scotland, 
New  York,  May  3,  1858,  in  consequence  of  spinal  in 
juries  received  while  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  his 
public  duties  at  Washington.  He  had  been  bred  a 
physician,  and  was  universally  respected. 

Dickson,  William;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1801  to  1807. 

Dillingham,  Paul,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Shutesbnry, 
Franklin  County,  Massachusetts,  August,  1800;  re 
moved  to  Waterbury,  Vermont,  with  his  father,  in 
1805;  received  a  good  education;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
Washington  County  in  1824;  was  Town  Clerk  of 
Waterbury  from  1829  to  1844,  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace  eighteen  years;  was  State's  Attorney  for  Wash 
ington  County  from  1835  to  1838;  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1836  and  1837; 
was  a  Representative  to  the  General  Assembly  six 
years;  State  Senator  in  1841  and  1842;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1847,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary; 
was  elected  Governor  of  Vermont  for  the  year  1866. 

Dillo~i,  JohnF.;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
New  York,  December  25,  1831;  went  to  Iowa  with 
his  parents  when  eight  years  of  age;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1852;  in  that  year  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney;  in  1858,  Judge  of  the  Seventh 
Judicial  District  of  Iowa;  re-elected  in  1862  for  a 
second  term,  but  before  its  expiration  was  elected  to 
the  Supreme  Bench  for  six  years;  did  not  qualify, 
however,  because  in  1869  was  commissioned  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Eighth  Judicial  Circuit; 
was  the  author  of  a  work  on  "Municipal  Corpora 
tions,"  published  in  1873,  in  two  volumes,  and  also 
of  two  volumes  of  "United  States  Circuit  Court 
Reports." 

Diman,  Byron  ;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island 
for  one  year,  beginning  in  1846. 

Dimitry,  Alexander;  was  a  native  of  Louis 
iana,  and  a  man  of  uncommon  culture;  was  at  one 
time  a  translator  in  the  Department  of  State;  in  1859 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Costa  Rica  and 
Nicaragua,  where  he  remained  until  1861. 

Dimmick,  Milo  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1853.  Died  at  Mauch  Chunk,  Novem 
ber  21,  1872. 

Dimmick,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Mil  ford, 
Pike  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  20,  1815;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education,  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  for  Wayne  County 
in  1836  and  1837;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1845,  1846,  and  1847;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  offi 
ciating  as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  the 
Library;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Printing.  Died  at 
Honesdale,  Pennsylvania,  August  2,  1861. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


141 


Dimock,  Davis,  Jr.;  was  a  Representative  in 
.  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1842.  Died 
January  13,  1842. 

Dimond,  Francis  M.;  was  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  for  one  year,  beginning  in  1853. 

Ding-ley,  Nelson,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Durham, 
Maine,  February  15,  1832;  prosecuted  his  studies  at 
Waterville  College,  but  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1855;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  never  practiced  the  profession;  in  1856  be 
came  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Lewiston  Jour 
nal;  between  the  years  1862  and  1873  was  six  times 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  serving  as  Speaker 
in  1863  and  1864;  in  1873  and  also  in  1874  was  elected 
Governor  of  Maine;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republi 
can  National  Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
William  P.  Frye;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth 
and  Forty -ninth  Congresses. 

Dinsmoor,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Londonderry, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1766;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1789;  was  for  many  years  a  Major-General 
of  Militia;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1821;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1811 
to  1813;  a  Judge  of  Probate;  served  as  Governor  of 
his  native  State  during  the  years  1831,  1832,  and 
1833.  Died  at  Keene,  March  io,  1835. 

Dinsmoor,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Keene,  New 
Hampshire,  May  8,  1799;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
•College  in  1814;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1818;  in  1819  visited  Arkansas  Territory,  where  he 
remained  a  few  years;  from  1826  to  1831  was  Clerk 
of  the  New  Hampshire  Senate;  was  Governor  of  that 
State  from  1849  to  1853.  Died  at  Keeue,  February 
24,  1869. 

Disney,  David  T.;  was  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland;  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1820;  was 
frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  of 
Ohio,  and  three  times  elected  Speaker;  represented 
his  adopted  State  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1855. 
Died  in  Washington,  March  14,  1857,  aged  fifty-four 
years. 

Diven,  Alexander  S.;  was  born  at  the  head  of 
Seneca  Lake,  town  of  Catharine,  and  county  of 
Tioga,  New  York,  February  15,  1809;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law  and  adopted  that 
profession ;  was  a  Senator  in  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture  in  1858;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

Dix,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Boscawen,  New 
Hampshire,  July  24,  1798;  commenced  his  education 
by  attending  the  academies  at  Salisbury  and  Exeter; 
spent  one  year  in  a  French  College  at  Montreal;  in 
1812  was  appointed  a  cadet  in  the  army,  but,  instead 
of  going  to  West  Point,  preferred  to  join  the  army  on 
the  frontier  as  an  Ensign;  in  1813  was  Acting- Adju 
tant  of  an  independent  battalion;  in  1819  was  Aid- 
de-camp  to  Major-General  Brown,  but  devoted  his 
leisure  to  the  study  of  law;  from  that  time  until  1828 
visited  Cuba  and  traveled  in  Europe  for  his  health ; 
then  settled  at  Cooperstown  as  a  lawyer;  in  1831  was 
Adjutant-General  under  Governor  Throop;  in  1833 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  of  New  York,  and 
was  a  Regent  of  the  State  University;  in  1841  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  from  Albany;  after  making 
another  visit  abroad,  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  where  he  served  from  1845  to  1849;  in  1820 
received  from  Brown  University  the  Degree  of  Master 


of  Arts,  and  in  1845,  from  Geneva  College,  the  De 
gree  of  Doctor  of  Laws;  in  1852  published  a  book 
entitled  "A  Winter  in  Madeira;  "  in  1860  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Postmaster  of  New 
York;  in  January,  1861,  was  appointed,  by  Mr. 
Buchanan,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  served  in  1861 
and  1862  as  a  Major-General  of  Volunteers,  and  was 
appointed  to  the  same  p  >sition  in  the  regular  army; 
on  the  organization  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Company 
was  elected  its  President;  in  1866  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  ' '  National  Union  Convention ' '  held  in  Philadel 
phia;  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Minister 
to  the  Netherlands,  but  declined ;  a  few  weeks  later 
was  appointed  Naval  Officer  for  the  port  of  New 
York,  from  which  position  he  was  soon  transferred  to 
France  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary;  was  Governor  of 
New  York  from  1873  to  1875. 

Dixon,  Archibald ;  was  born  in  Caswell  County, 
North  Carolina,  April  2,  1802;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Henderson  County,  Kentucky,  in  1805;  re 
ceived  a  limited  English  education  at  the  county 
schools,  but  made  good  use  of  his  advantages;  at  the 
age  of  twenty  studied  law;  entered  upon  the  practice 
and  acquired  considerable  reputation  as  a  lawyer; 
in  1830  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature,  and 
in  1836  in  the  State  Senate;  was  again  in  the  Lower 
House  in  1841 ;  in  1843  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  of  Kentucky;  in  1849  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  for  reforming  State  laws; 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  1852 
to  1855,  having  been  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  occa 
sioned  by  the  resignation  of  his  friend,  Henry  Clay; 
served  as  a  leading  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories. 

Dixon,  James  ;  was  born  in  Enfield,  Connecticut, 
Augusts,  1814;  graduated  at  Williams  College,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1834;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  a  member  of  the  House  in  the  Legislature 
of  Connecticut  in  1837,  1838,  and  1844,  and  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1849  and  1854;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1845  to  1849;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  six  years  from  1857; 
was  re-elected  in  1863  for  the  term  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures  and  vari 
ous  other  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate,  of  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  ac 
company  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois ; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  National  Union 
Convention"  of  1866.  Died  at  Hartford,  March  27, 
1873. 

Dixon,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  educated  at  the  private  and 
public  schools  of  that  county;  resided  on  a  farm;  for 
three  or  four  years  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
was  a  magistrate,  and  Judge  of  the  County  Court; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1868  and 
1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -first  Congress,  serving 
on  several  Committees. 

Dixon,  Joseph  Henry;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799  to  1801. 

Dixon,  Luther  C.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Wisconsin;  was  appointed  a  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wis 
consin. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F.;  was  born  in  Plainfield,  Con 
necticut,  in  1774;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1799;  studied  law,  and  established  himself  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1802  to  practice  his  profession;  in  1813  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  that 


142 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


State,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  capacity  for 
seventeen  years;  from  1839  to  1842  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States.  Died  at  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  January  29,  1842.  His  son,  bearing  the 
same  name,  was  also  in  Congress. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F.;  was.  born  in  Westerly, 
Ehode  Island,  May  1,  1812;  fitted  for  college  at 
Plainfield  Academy,  in  Connecticut,  and  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1833;  attended  the  Law 
Schools  at  New  Haven  and  Cambridge;  was  admit 
ted'  to  the  bar  in  New  London  in  1837,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Connecticut  and 
Ehode  Island;  was  a  member  of  the  General  As 
sembly  of  Rhode  Island  from  1840.  to  1849;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1844;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-first  Con 
gress;  was  again  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
his  State  in  1851,  and  with  the  exception  of  two 
/^ears,  held  the  office  until  1859;  in  1863  was  elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  in  the  Thirty -ninth  Con 
gress  served  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and 
Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings ;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Loyalists'  Convention' '  of 
1866,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -first  Congress,  and  made  Chair 
man  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  Private 
Land  Claims. 

Dixon,  Nathan  Fellows  ;  was  born  at  Wester 
ly,  Rhode  Island,  August  28,  1847;  was  fitted  for 
college  at  Westerly  and  at  Phillips  Academy,  And- 
over,  Massachusetts;  graduated  from  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1869;  studied  law  with  his  father,  Hon. 
Nathan  F.  Dixon,  and  at  the  Albany  Law  School; 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  New  York,  Rhode  Island 
and  Connecticut  in  1871;  in  1877  was  appointed,  by 
President  Grant,  United  States  District  Attorney  for 
the  District  of  Rhode  Island;  was  re-appointed  in 
1881 ;  in  1885  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  transfer  of  Hon.  Jonathan 
Chace  to  the  United  States  Senate. 

Doane,  William ;  was  born  in  Maine;  having 
removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1843. 

Dobbin,  James  O.;  was  born  in  1814;  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1832; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  in  1845, 
and  declined  a  re-election ;  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1848  and  1850,  and  during  the  last  session 
officiated  as  Speaker;  in  1852  was  a  Presidential 
Elector.  His  eloquence  at  the  bar  and  in  the  legis 
lative  hall  is  said  to  have  been  very  effective,  and  his 
urbane  manners  and  amiable  disposition  made  him  a 
general  favorite.  He  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy  dur 
ing  the  whole  of  President  Pierce's  administration. 
Died  at  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina,  August  4, 
1857. 

Dobbins,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Burlington 
County,  New  Jersey,  April  14,  1814;  was  educated  in 
select  schools;  engaged  in  farming;  was  High  Sheriff 
of  Burlington  County  from  1854  to  1857;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1859  to  1862;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Patents. 

Dobbs,  Arthur;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1634; 
was  a  man  of  letters;  was  a  member  of  the  Irish 
Parliament;  was  distinguished  for  his  attempts  to 


discover  the  North-west  passage;  adopted  concilia 
tory  measures  towards  the  Indian  tribes,  but  his  ad 
ministration  was  a  continual  contest  between  the 
loyalists  and  the  colonists.  He  was  the  author  of '  'An 
Account  of  the  Countries  Adjoining  Hudson's  Bay," 
published  in  London  in  1748;  "Trade  and  Improve 
ment  of  Ireland,"  Dublin,  1729;  "Captain  Middle- 
ton's  Defence, "  1744;  emigrated  to  North  Carolina; 
was  chosen  Governor,  November  1,  1754,  serving  until 
his  death.  Died  in  Town  Creek,  North  Carolina, 
March  28,  1765. 

Dockery,  Alexander  M.;  was  born  in  Living 
ston  County,  Missouri,  February  11,  1845;  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  Macon  Acad 
emy,  Macon,  Missouri;  studied  medicine,  and  gradu 
ated  at  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
practiced  his  profession  for  ten  years ;  in  1874  became 
Cashier  of  the  Farmers'  Exchange  Bank,  at  Gallatin, 
Missouri;  was  a  Curator  of  the  University  of  Missouri 
ten  years ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Dockery,  Alfred ;  was  a  native  of  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to  1853; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1868; 
was  the  i'ather  of  O.  H.  Dockery. 

Dockery,  Oliver  H.;  was  born  in  Richmond 
County,  North  Carolina,  August  12,  1830;  graduated 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1848 ;  studied 
law,  but  became  a  farmer;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1858  and  1859;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1860;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims ;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on 
Freed  men's  Affairs. 

Dodd,  Edward ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  in  1805;  was  bred  a  merchant; 
chosen  County  Clerk  of  the  County  of  Washington 
for  three  terms  of  three  years  each,  commencing  Jan 
uary  1,  1835;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  New  York  in  1846;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  in  1 855,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Doddridge,  Philip  ;  was  born  in  Brooks  County, 
Virginia,  in  1772;  in  his  youth  worked  on  a  farm  on 
the  Ohio  River,  but  was  sent  to  school  at  the  age  of 
sixteen;  after  a  voyage  down  the  Mississippi  on  a 
flat-boat,  studied  law,  and  gained  a  brilliant  local 
reputation;  was  Delegate  from  Brooke  County  to  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia  in  1815,  and  was  a  member 
for  some  years;  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1829  and  1830  was  the  acknowledged  leader  of^  the 
party  in  favor  of  the  white  basis  of  representation : 
his  success  in  parliamentary  conflict  was  due  to  his 
close  reasoning,  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject, 
great  energy  of  manner,  and  a  wonderful  command 
of  language;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1829  to  1832:  resided  in  Washington, 
and  was,  engaged  in  codifying  the  laws  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  Died  in  Washington,  November 
19,  1832. 

Dodds,  Ozro  J.;  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
March  22,  1840;  received  a  collegiate  education  in 
Cincinnati;  raised  a  company  of  students  at  Oxford, 
called  the  "University  Rifles,"  which  was  attached 
to  the  Twentieth  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served  through 
the  three  months'  service  under  General  McClellun; 
returning  home,  raised  another  company,  attached 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


143 


to  the  Eighty-first  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served  until 
1863,  when  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  First  Alabama  Cavalry;  after  the  war,  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice ;  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Ohio  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Civil 
Service. 

Dodge,  Augustus  C.;  -was  born  in  St.  Gene- 
vieve,  Missouri,  January  2,  1812;  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Iowa  from  1841  to 
1847;  a  Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  of  Iowa  in 
1848;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  the  State  of  Iowa 
from  1848  to  1855;  after  which  he  received,  from 
President  Pierce,  the  appointment  of  Minister  to  Spain, 
which  he  resigned;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1864,  and  also  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866,  as  well  as 
the  New  York  Convention  of  1868;  from  1838  to  1841 
held  the  office  of  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at 
Burlington,  Iowa. 

Dodge,  G-renville  M.;  was  born  in  Danvers, 
Massachusetts,  April  12,  1831;  graduated  at  the 
Norwich  University  of  Vermont  in  1850;  adopted 
the  profession  of  civil  engineer;  was  employed  on 
several  important  railroads  in  the  West,  and  became 
chief  engineer  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad;  in  1861 
entered  the  military  service  as  Captain ;  raised  the 
Fourth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Infantry,  and  was  made 
Colonel;  in  1862  was  appointed  Brigadier  General  for 
services  at  Pea  Ridge;  after  various  services  in  Mid 
dle  Tennessee,  at  Vicksburg,  and  Corinth,  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Atlantic  campaign,  and  was  pro 
moted  to  be  a  Major  General  on  the  recommendations 
of  Generals  Grant,  Sherman,  and  McPherson;  was 
subsequently  in  command  of  the  Departments  of 
Wisconsin,  Kansas,  and  the  Plains;  soon  after,  re 
signing  his  commission  in  the  army,  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs  and 
Roads  and  Canals ;  was  also  Delegate  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1868. 

Dodge,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Vincennes,  Indiana, 
October  12,  1782;  removed  to  Wisconsin;  served  with 
great  credit  as  an  officer  of  volunteers,  on  the  north 
western  frontiers;  was  Brigadier-General  of  Missouri 
troops  in  1812;  distinguished  himself  especially  in 
the  Black  Hawk  War,  and  as  an  Indian  fighter  was 
thought  to  have  no  superior;  when  the  First  Regi 
ment  of  Dragoons  was  raised  in  1833,  was  appointed 
Colonel,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1836,  when  he 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Wisconsin  Territory,  and 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  serving  as  such 
from  1836  to  1841,  and  from  1845  to  1848;  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  Wisconsin  from  1841  to 
1845;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  the  State  of  Wis 
consin  from  1848  to  1857.  Died  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
June  19,  1867.  He  was  the  father  of  Augustus  C. 
Dodge. 

Dodge,  William  E.;  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  September  4,  1805;  received  a  good  common 
school  education;  in  his  thirteenth  year  removed  to 
New  York  and  entered  a  counting  house  as  clerk;  on 
reaching  the  age  of  twenty-one  commenced  business 
on  his  own  account,  and  was  for  many  years  at  the 
head  of  one  of  the  most  extensive  importing  and 
manufacturing  establishments  in  the  country;  was 
prominently  connected  with  many  of  the  public  im 
provements  of  the  day;  was  a  member  of  the  Peace 
Convention  of  1861 ;  devoted  much  time  and  money 
to  the  support  of  the  Government  during  the  Rebel 
lion;  was,  for  many  years,  President  of  the  National 
Temperance  Society;  active  in  the  various  religious 
and  benevolent  operations  of  New  York;  was  elected 


a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  having  successfully  contested  the  seat  of 
James  Brooks,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866.  Died,  February 
9,  1883. 

Doe,  Nicholas  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Twen 
ty-sixth  Congress,  in  place  of  A.  Brown,  deceased. 

Doig,  Andrew  "W.;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  New  York;  served  one  year  (1832)  in  the 
State  Assembly;  was  many  years  a  teacher  and  sur 
veyor;  County  Clerk  for  one  year;  held  the  office  of 
Surrogate  from  1835  to  1840;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1839  to  1843;  went  to  California  in 
1849,  but  subsequently  returned  to  his  native  county. 

Dole,  William  P.;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
in  1861  was  appointed,  from  Illinois,  Commissioner 
of  Indian  Affairs,  continuing  in  the  position  until 
1865. 

Dolph,  Joseph  N.;  was  born  at  Hector,  Tomp- 
kins  County,  New  York,  October  19,  1835;  was  edu 
cated  in  the  common  schools  and  by  private  tutors ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861 ;  in 
1862  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law;  in  1864  was  elected  City  At 
torney;  in  1865  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1866,  and 
again  in  1872;  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican 
State  Central  Committee  from  1866  to  1868;  in  1882 
was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  Oregon  for 
the  term  ending  in  1889. 

Donelson,  Andrew  Jackson;  was  born  in 
Tennessee  in  1799;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1820; 
was  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Jackson  in  1820  and 
1821;  his  Private  Secretary  from  March,  1829,  to 
March,  1837;  Charge  d'  Affaires  to  Texas  in  1844  and 
1845;  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  to  Prussia  from  1846  to  1848;  to  Germany  in 
1848  and  1849;  was  editor  of  the  Washington  Union 
in  1851  and  1852;  candidate  of  the  American  party 
for  Vice-President  in  1 852 ;  cotton  planter  in  Bolivar 
County,  Mississippi,  from  1822  to  1865;  lawyer  in 
Memphis  from  1865  to  1871.  Died  in  Memphis, 
Tennessee,  June  26,  1871. 

Donley,  Joseph  B.;  was  born  in  Mount  Morris, 
Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  10,  1838; 
graduated  at  Waynesburg  College  in  1859;  went  to 
Illinois  and  engaged  in  teaching;  became  Professor  in 
Abingdon  College;  served  in  'the  Illinois  Army  as 
Captain  of  Volunteers  from  1862  to  1865;  graduated 
at  the  Law  School  of  Albany  in  1866,  and  returned  to 
Pennsylvania;  in  1867  was  appointed  a  Register  in 
Bankruptcy  in  Pennsylvania,  holding  the  office  until 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the 
Militia  and  Public  Expenditures. 

Donnan,  William  Of.;  was  born  in  West  Charl- 
ton,  New  York,  June  30,  1834;  his  early  education 
was  received  at  the  district  school  and  Cambridge 
Academy;  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1856;  re 
moved  to  Independence,  Iowa,  where  he  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857;  was  elected  Treas 
urer  and  Recorder  of  Buchanan  County,  and  held  the 
office  until  1862;  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private 
in  1862,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Major  for 
efficient  services  in  the  field,  serving  to  the  close  of 
the  Rebellion;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1868  and  1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


141 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Donnell,  Richard  S.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1849;  in  18G3  published  a  "  Let 
ter  on  the  Rebellion,"  which  attracted  great  atten 
tion. 

Donnelly,  Ignatius  ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  November  3,  1831;  graduated  at  the 
Central  High  School  in  that  city;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853;  emigrated  to  Min 
nesota  in  1857;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of 
ttfat  State  in  1859;  was  re-elected  in  1861 ;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  and  served  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Interior  Department,  and  also  on  the  Special 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Public  Lauds,  and 
Bureau  of  Education ;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress. 

Doolittle,  James  R.;  was  born  in  Hampton, 
Washington  County,  New  York,  January  3,  1815; 
graduated  at  Geneva  College  in  1834;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  in  1837;  was,  for 
several  years,  District  Attorney  in  Wyoming  County, 
New  York ;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1 851 ;  was  cho 
sen  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  Circuit  of  that  State 
in  1853;  resigned  in  1856;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Sen 
ator  of  the  United  States  for  six  years,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs, 
Commerce,  and  Military  Affairs;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861 ;  in  1863  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1869;  during  the 
summer  recess  of  1865,  as  a  member  of  a  Special  Com 
mittee  of  the  Senate,  visited  the  Indian  tribes  west 
of  the  Mississippi  River;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1806,  tak 
ing  an  active  part  in  its  proceedings,  and  officiating 
as  President  of  the  Convention. 

Dorr,  Thomas  "William;  was  born  at  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  November  5,  1805;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1823;  studied  law  in  the  office 
of  Chancellor  Kent;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827, 
and  commenced  practice  in  Providence;  originally  a 
National  Republican,  became  a  Democrat  in  1837; 
the  Rhode  Island  Government  was  then  based  upon 
a  charter  granted  by  Charles  II.  in  1663,  and  the  elec 
tive  franchise  was  limited  to  the  holders  of  a  certain 
amount  of  real  estate,  and  to  their  eldest  sons — 
about  one-third  of  the  citizens;  Mr.  Dorr  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  from  1833  to  1837,  and  exerted 
himself  in  vain  to  procure  a  liberal  Constitution;  was 
chosen  Governor,  by  the  suffrage  party,  in  1841;  on 
May  3,  1842,  Mr.  Dorr's  Government  attempted  to 
organize  at  Providence,  and  to  seize  the  reins  of 
power;  they  were  resisted  by  the  legal  State  Govern 
ment,  who  attacked  and  dispersed  them  at  Chepachet, 
May  25 ;  Mr.  Dorr  fled  to  Connecticut,  and  afterward 
to  New  Hampshire;  a  reward  of  four  thousand  dollars 
was  offered,  by  the  authorities  of  Rhode  Island,  for 
his  apprehension;  he  soon  returned,  was  arrested, 
tried,  convicted  of  high  treason,  and  sentenced  to  im 
prisonment  for  life,  but  was  pardoned  in  1847;  in 
1853  the  Legislature  restored  to  him  his  civil  rights. 
and  ordered  the  record  of  his  sentence  to  be  expunged ; 
he  lived  to  see  his  State  under  a  liberal  Constitution, 
and  his  party  in  legal  possession  of  the  Government. 
Died  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  December  27, 
1854. 

Dorsey,  Olement ;  was  born  in  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Maryland ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 


from  Maryland,  from  1825  to  1831.     Died  August  6, 
1846. 

Dorsey,  George  "W.  E.;  was  born  in  Lou  don 
County,  Virginia,  January  25,  1842;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Preston  County  (now  West  Virginia), 
in  1856;  was  educated  in  private  schools  and  at  Oak 
Hill  Academy;  recruited  a  company  and  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  August,  1861,  as  First  Lieutenant, 
Sixth  West  Virginia  Infantry;  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Captain,  and  of  Major,  and  was  mustered 
out  with  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah  in  August, 
1865;  removed  to  Nebraska  in  186(>:  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869;  in  1874  eugaged  in 
banking  at  Fremont,  Nebraska,  and  continued  in 
that  business,  achieving  very  gratifying  success;  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Insane 
Hospital,  a  member,  and  Vice- President,  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  of  Nebraska;  was,  also,  Chair 
man  of  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee  of 
Nebraska;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Nebraska  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Dorsey,  Stephen  "W.;  was  born  at  Benson,  Ver 
mont,  February  28,  1842;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed,  when  a  boy,  to  Oberlin,  Ohio,  was 
one  of  the  first  to  volunteer  in  the  army,  in  which  he 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  returning  to  Ohio, 
resumed  business  in  the  Sandusky  Tool  Company, 
and  was  chosen  its  President;  was  elected,  without 
his  knowledge,  President  of  the  Arkansas  Central 
Railway  Company;  removing  to  Arkansas,  was  cho 
sen  Chairman  of  the  Republican  County  and  State 
Committees;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from 
Arkansas  for  the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  end 
ing  in  1879,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropri 
ations  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Dorsheimer,  "William ;  was  born  at  Lyons, 
Wayne  County,  New  York,  February  5,  1832;  was 
fitted  for  college  at  Phillips's  Academy,  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  1849; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854.  and 
engaged  in  practice;  resided  in  Buffalo,  New  York, 
for  a  number  of  years;  was  appointed  Major  in  the 
United  States  Army  in  1861;  in  1867  was  appointed 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of 
New  York;  in  1874  was  elected  Lieutenant-Goveruor 
of  the  State;  was  re-elected  in  1876;  removed  to  New 
York  City  in  1877,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Doty,  James  D. ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin 
from  1839  to  1841;  from  1841  to  1844  was  Governor 
of  Wisconsin;  was,  for  many  years,  United  States 
Judge  for  Northern  Michigan;  was  also  Superintend 
ent  of  Indian  Affairs;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  the  State  of  Wisconsin  from  1849  to  1853; 
in  1864  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Gov 
ernor  of  Utah,  of  which  Territory  he  had  previously 
been  Treasurer.  Died  June,  1865.  at  Salt  Lake. 

Doubleday,  Ulysses  F.;  was  born  in  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  in  1794;  began  active  life  as  a 
journeyman  printer  in  1809;  followed  that  business 
in  Albany,  Utica,  and  at  Ballston  Spa,  where  he  es 
tablished  a  newspaper;  for  twenty  years  edited  a 
journal  in  the  city  of  Auburn;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress  in  1831,  and  was  again  elected 
in  1835;  subsequently  resided  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  became  well  known  as  a  bookseller.  Died 
in  Belvidere,  Illinois,  March  11,  1866. 

Dougherty,  Charles;  was  born  at  Athens, 
Georgia,  October  15.  1850;  his  early  education  was 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT  BUILDING.    (PATENT  OFFICE.)         ..  j 

WASHINGTON. 


POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT  BUILDING, 

WASHINGTON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


145 


acquired  in  the  public  schools  of  Athens;  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  where 
he  pursued  his  studies  for  two  years;  was  for  a  time 
engaged  in  the  occupation  of  a  sailor;  settled  at  Fort 
Orange,  Florida,  as  a  planter;  in  1876  was  elected  ? 
Representative  in  the  Florida  Legislature;  was  re- 
elected  in  1878  and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House: 
was  again  re-elected  in  1880  and  1882,  and  in  the  lat 
ter  year  was  again  elected  Speaker;  resigned  in  1884 
on  being  elected  a  Representative  from  Florida  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress 

Dougherty,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
in  1815  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  National  House  of 
Representatives,  continuing  in  that  office  until  1822. 

Douglas,  Beverly  B.;  was  born  at  Providence 
Forge,  Kent  County,  Virginia,  December  21,  1822; 
his  lather  died  when  he  was  four  years  of  age,  and  he 
was  sent  to  Rumford  Academy  at  the  age  of  eleven; 
then  spent  one  term  in  William  and  Mary  College, 
and  in  1840  visited  a  relative  in  Scotland  with  the 
view  of  obtaining  a  medical  education  at  Edinburgh 
University;  spent  one  session  attending  lectures  on 
chemistry,  agriculture,  and  civil  law;  returned  to 
Virginia;  graduated  at  the  Law  School  of  William 
and  Mary  College;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846, 
and  settled  in  King  William  County;  in  1850  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  under  the 
amended  Constitution,  and  was  a  member  of  that 
body  until  1865;  wras  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  that 
year,  but  was  not  elected;  in  1861  entered  the  Con 
federate  service  as  First  Lieutenant  in  Lee's  Mounted 
Rangers,  of  which  he  was  made  Captain;  then  Major 
of  the  Filth  Virginia  Cavalry,  Army  of  Northern  Vir 
ginia;  resigned  in  1863  to  resume  his  Legislative 
duties;  upon  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  Armies 
he  returned  to  private  life,  and  had  held  no  public 
office  since  that  time  until  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress  as  Representative  from  Virginia;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died  December 
22,  1878. 

Doug-las,  Stephen  A.;  was  born  at  Brandon, 
Rutland  County,  Vermont,  .\pril  23,  1813;  lost  his 
lather  while  an  infant;  his  nether  being  left  in  des 
titute  circumstances,  he  er.  tered  a  cabinet  shop  at 
Middlebury,  in  his  native  >•  tate,  for  the  purpose  of 
learning  the  trade;  afte.-  remaining  there  several 
months,  returned  to  Bra ition,  where  he  continued 
for  a  year  at  the  same  calMng,  but  his  health  com 
pelled  him  to  abandon  it,  and  he  became  a  student 
in  the  academy;  his  mother  having  married  a  second 
time,  he  followed  her  to  Canandaigua,  in  the  State  of 
New  York;  here  he  pursu  'd  the  study  of  law  until 
his  removal  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1831 ;  from  Cleve 
land  went  still  further  West,  and  finally  settled  in 
Jacksonville,  Illinois;  was  at  first  employed  as  clerk 
to  an  auctioneer,  and  afterwards  taught  school,  de 
voting  all  the  time  he  could  spare  to  the  study  of  law; 
in  1834  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  soon  obtained  a 
lucrative  practice;  was  elected  Attorney-General  of 
the  State;  in  1837  was  appointed,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Springfield, 
Illinois;  in  1840  was  elected  Secretary  of  State,  and 
the  following  year  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  this 
office  he  resigned,  in  consequence  of  ill-health,  after 
sitting  upon  the  bench  for  two  years;  in  1843  was 
elected  to  Congress,  and  continued  a  member  of  the 
Lower  House  for  four  years;  in  December,  1847,  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1853;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1859;  re-elected  for  another  term,  but  died  in  Chicago, 
June  3,  1861;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories;  in  1860  w\is  candidate  for  President,  but 
was  defeated  by  Abraham  Lincoln, 

10 


Doug-lass,  J.  W.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  October  25,  1827;  removed  to  Erie,  in 
that  State,  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1850;  was  appointed  a 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in-  1862;  Deputy  Com 
missioner  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1869;  in  1871  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  holding 
the  position  until  1875. 

Douglass,  Samuel  J.;  was  an  emigrant  to  Flor 
ida  while  yet  a  Territory;  in  1842  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  United  States  for  that  dis 
trict. 

Dowd,  Clement ;  was  born  in  Moore  County, 
North  Carolina,  August  27,  1832;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1856;  taught  school 
and  studied  law;  removed  to  Charlotte,  North  Caro 
lina,  and  practiced  law;  was  Mayor  of  Charlotte 
from  1869  to  1871;  was  elected  President  of  the 
Commercial  National  Bank  of  that  city  in  1871,  and 
continued  in  that  position;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Dowdell,  James  F.;  was  born  in  Jasper  County, 
Georgia,  November  26,  1818;  graduated  at  Randolph 
Macon  College  in  1840;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
removed  to  Alabama  in  1846,  and  took  charge  of  a 
female  college  for  one  year,  and  afterwards  engaged 
in  farming  and  planting;  in  1848  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was  a  Representative  from  Alabama  in  the 
Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means,  and  also  that  of  Inquiry  into  the  Cost  of 
Public  Printing  and  Laws  relating  thereto. 

Dowdney,  Abraham ;  was  born  in  Ireland, 
in  October,  1840;  came  to  the  United  States  in  early 
boyhood  and  settled  in  New  York  City,  where  he 
continued  to  reside;  was  educated  in  private  schools; 
became  a  contractor  and  builder;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  during  the  Civil  War,  as  Captain  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-second  Regiment,  New  York 
Volunteers;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  School 
Trustees  of  the  Nineteenth  Ward  of  New  York  City 
from  1882  to  1885;  in  1885  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 
Died  in  the  city  of  New  York,  December  10,  1886. 

Downey,  John  G.;  was  Governor  of  California 
from  1860  to  1862. 

Downey,  S.  W.;  was  born  at  Westernport, 
Maryland,  July  25,  1839;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1863;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion;  removed  to  the  Territory  of  Wyoming 
in  1869;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Council  in  1871,  1875,  and  1877;  wTas  Treasurer  of 
the  Territory  for  three  years,  and  was  Auditor  of 
the  Territory  at  the  time  of  his  election  as  a  Delegate 
from  the  Territory  of  Wyoming  to  the  Forty -sixth 
Congress. 

Downing1,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Florida 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  October  24,  1841. 

Downs,  Solomon  W.;  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  1801;  graduated  at  the  Transylvania  University; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1825;  settled  in 
Louisiana;  was  United  States  District  Attornev  from 
1845  to  1847;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844;  Collector 
of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans;  from  1847  to  1853  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Louisiana.  Died  at  Or 
chard  Springs,  Kentucky,  August  14,  1854. 


146 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Dowse,  Edward  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1819  to  1821;  resigned 
and  \V.  Eustis  was  elected  in  his  place. 

Dowse,  William ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirteenth  Congress,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat,  February  18,  1813. 

Dox,  Peter  M.;  was  born  in  Geneva,  Ontario 
County,  New  York,  September  11,  1813;  educated  at 
Hobart  College,  Geneva,  graduating  in  1833;  studied 
ahd  practiced  law ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1841;  was  Judge  of  the  Ontario  County  Courts;  re 
moved  to  Alabama  in  1855,  and  engaged  in  agricul 
tural  pursuits ;  in  1865  was  elected,  as  a  Union  man, 
to  represent  Madison  County  in  the  Convention 
called  for  the  revision  of  the  State  Constitution;  took 
an  active  part  in  the  restoration  of  the  State  to  its 
place  in  the  Union;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  and 
Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Banking  and  Currency. 

Doxey  Charles  T.;  was  a  resident  of  Anderson, 
Indiana;  never  held  a  public  office  until  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Godlove  S.  Orth;  served  from  January  9,  1883,  to 
March  4,  1883. 

Drake,  Charles  D.;  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  April  11,  1811;  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Daniel 
Drake;  received  an  academic  education;  in  1827  en 
tered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman,  and  remained, in  the 
service  until  1830;  then  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1833;  in  1834  removed  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession ;  in  1859  was  elected 
to  the  Missouri  Legislature;  in  1861  and  1862  took 
an  active  and  conspicuous  part  against  the  secession 
movement;  in  1863  was  elected  to  the  Missouri  State 
Convention;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864;  in 
1865  was  a  member  and  Vice-President  of  the  Con 
vention  that  formed  the  present  Constitution  of  Mis 
souri;  in  January,  1867,  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Missouri  for  the  term  ending  in  1873, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  Pacific 
Railroad,  Contingent  Expenses,  and  Ordnance;  in 
1871  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Claims;  was  the  author  of  a  "  Treatise  on  the  Law 
of  Suits  by  Attachment  in  the  United  States,"  and  of 
a  ' '  Life  of  Daniel  Drake. ' ' 

Drake,  John  R.;  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
in  Tioga  County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1817  to  1819;  was 
elected  Judge  of  Tioga  County  in  1833 ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1834;  he  was  in 
ill  health  for  eight  years  before  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Oswego,  March  21,  1857,  in  the  seventy- 
fourth  year  of  his  age. 

Drake,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Michigan,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  Associate  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
lor  the  Territory  of  Utah,  residing  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Draper,  Joseph ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1830  to  1833. 

Drayton,  John;  was  Governor  of  South  Caro 
lina  from  1800  to  1802,  and  from  1808  to  1810;  was 
District  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  some  years 
previous  to  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Charleston, 
.  November  27,  1822.  He  published  in  1802  "A  View 
of  South  Carolina,"  "Memoirs  of  the  Revolution  in 
South  Carolina,"  2  vols.  8vo.,  1821,  and  "Letters 
'Written  During  a  Tour  Through  the  Northern  and 
Eastern  States,"  8vo.,  1794. 


Drayton,  "William ;  was  born  in  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  December  30,  1776;  went  to  school  in  Eng 
land,  and  on  returning  to  South  Carolina  was  for  a 
time  Assistant  Clerk  in  a  Court  of  Sessions;  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1797;  was  a  Captain  in 
the  South  Carolina  Militia;  in  1812  was  commis 
sioned  a  Colonel  in  the  United  States  Army,  and  In 
spector-General  in  1814;  assisted  Generals  Scott  and 
Macornb  in  preparing  a  System  of  Infantry  Tactics 
for  the  army ;  was  elected  Recorder  of  Charleston  in 
1819;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1825  to  1833;  was  chosen  President  of 
the  United  States  Bank  in  1840.  Died  in  Philadel 
phia,  May  24,  1846. 

Drayton,  William;  was  a  citizen  of  South  Caro 
lina;  father  of  the  General  bearing  the  same  name; 
in  1789  was  appointed  the  first  United  States  Judge 
for  the  District  of  South  Carolina. 

Drayton,  William  Henry ;  was  born  in  South 
Carolina;  was  educated  at  Westminister  and  Oxford, 
England;  in  1771  was  appointed  a  Judge;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Provincial  Congress;  was  made  Chief 
Justice  in  1776;  was  a  warm  advocate  of  freedom, 
and  published  various  pamphlets  which  strengthened 
the  American  cause;  was  a  leading  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  Assembly;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1779,  and  was  a 
signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation  ;  was  the 
author  of  a  "  History  of  the  Revolution,"  which  was 
published  in  three  volumes,  by  his  son,  in  1821. 

Drew,  George  F.;  was  Governor  of  Florida  from 
1877  to  1881. 

Drew,  Thomas  S.;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas 
from  1844  to  1848. 

Driggs,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Kinderhook,  New 
York,  March  3,  1813;  was  apprenticed  to  a  mechanic 
in  New  York  City;  was  a  master-mechanic  until  1856; 
in  1844  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  New 
York  Penitentiary,  holding  the  office  one  year;  set 
tled  in  East  Saginaw,  Michigan,  in  1856;  was  Presi 
dent  of  that  village  in  1858;  during  the  two  succeed 
ing  years  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  Legislature; 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Public  Lauds;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Invalid  Pensions,  Mines  and  Mining,  and  Public 
Lands;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal 
ists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress. 

Dromgoole,  George  C.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  educated  a  lawyer;  entered  public  life  when 
young;  served  for  years  in  the  two  Houses  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  President  of  the  Senate; 
was  a  member  of  the  second  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1835  to  1841,  and  from  1843  to 
1847.  Died  April  27,  1847. 

Drum,  Augustus;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Drummond,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Bristol, 
Maine,  October  16,  1809;  was  educated  at  Bowdoiu 
College,  Maine;  graduated  in  1830;  studied  law  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
March,  1833;  removed  to  Galena,  Illinois,  in  1835; 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Illi 
nois  in  1840;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  f<jr  Illinois,  by  President 
Taylor,  in  February,  1850;  removed  to  Chicago  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


147 


1854;  "became  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Northern  District  of  Illinois,  by 
the  division  of  the  State  into  two  Districts  in  1855; 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit 
of  the  United  States  (consisting  of  the  States  of  Illi 
nois,  Indiana,  and  Wisconsin),  by  President  Grant, 
in  1869. 

Drummond,  William.  W.;  was  a  resident  of 
Illinois;  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Drummond,  Willis ;  was  appointed,  from  Iowa, 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  in  Wash 
ington  in  1871,  holding  the  position  until  June,  1874. 

Dryer,  Thomas  J. ;  was  a  citizen  of  Oregon ;  in 
1861  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  where  he  remained  until  1863. 

Duane,  James;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
February  6,  1733;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
became  a  member  of  the  Revolutionary  Committees 
of  New  York ;  acquired,  from  his  father,  a  large  estate 
in  Duanesburg,  New  York,  which  he  began  to  settle 
in  1765;  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1774  to  1784,  and  signed  the  Articles  of  Confed 
eration;  attended  the  Indian  Treaty  at  Albany  in 
August,  1775;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1776  and  1777,  and  on  the  Committee 
which  drafted  it;  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Safety ;  in  1783  returned  to  New  York  City  on  its 
evacuation  by  the  British;  became  a  member  of  the 
Council;  was  State  Senator  in  1783  and  1784;  first 
Miiyor  of  New  York  in  1784;  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  to  adopt  the  Federal  Constitution  in  1788; 
United  States  District  Judge  from  1789  to  1794. 
Died  at  Duanesburg,  New  York,  February  1,  1797. 

Duane,  John  William ;  was  born  in  Clonmel, 
Ireland,  1780;  was  originally  a  printer,  afterward  a 
paper  dealer;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1815;  removed  to  Philadelphia,  which  city  he 
often  represented  in  the  Legislature;  became  a  dis 
tinguished  lawyer;  took  a  deep  interest  in  schools; 
was  a  Trustee,  and  subsequently  a  Director  in  Girard 
College;  assisted  his  father  as  editor  of  the  Aurora; 
was  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury  in  1833; 
was  removed  by  Jackson,  September  23,  1833,  for 
declining  to  remove  the  deposits  from  the  United 
States  Bank;  was  author  of  "The  Law  of  Nations 
Investigated,"  "Letters on  Internal  Improvements," 
"Narrative  and  Correspondence  Concerning  the  De 
posits;"  etc.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  September  27, 
1865. 

Duboise,  Dudley  M.;  was  born  in  Shelby  County, 
Tennessee,  October  28,  1834;  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Mississippi;  studied  law;  served  as  a  Gen 
eral  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  uie  Forty -second  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Patents.  Died  March 
2,  1883. 

Duckett,  Allen  B.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  be 
came  a  citizen  of  the  District  of  Columbia  soon  after 
the  removal  of  the  Seat  of  Government  to  Washing 
ton;  in  1806  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Dudley,  Charles  Edward ;  was  born  at  "John 
son  Hall,"  Staffordshire,  England,  May  23,  1780;  in 
1790,  after  the  death  of  his  father,  came  with  his 
mother  to  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  where  his  father 
had  been  Collector  of  Customs;  entered  into  trade 
there,  and  went  to  the  East  Indies  as  Supercargo; 
subsequently  removed  to  New  York  City,  and  in 
1802  to  Albany;  was  State  Senator  from  1820  to 


1825;  Mayor  of  the  city  from  1821  to  1828,  and  United 
States  Senator  from  1829  to  1833;  was  partial  to  the 
science  of  Astronomy,  and  in  1856  his  widow  con 
tributed  seventy  thousand  dollars  to  erect  and  endow 
the  Dudley  Observatory  at  Albany,  and  a  subsequent 
contribution  made  the  amount  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  Died  in  Albany,  January  23, 
1841. 

Dudley,  Edward  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1829  to  1831;  in 
1836  was  elected  the  first  Governor  of  North  Caro 
lina  under  the  amended  Constitution  of  that  State; 
was  subsequently  appointed  President  of  the  Wil 
mington  and  Raleigh  Railroad  Company.  Died  at 
Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  October  30,  1855. 

Dudley,  William  Wade ;  was  born  at  Weath- 
ersfield  Boro,  Windsor  County,  Vermont,  August  27, 
1842;  was  educated  at  Phillips's  Academy,  Vermont, 
and  at  Russell's  Collegiate  and  Commercial  Institute, 
New  Haven;  Connecticut,  where  he  prepared  to  enter 
Yale  College;  in  1860  removed  to  Richmond,  In 
diana,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  milling;  en 
tered  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  as  Captain,  and 
served  with  gallantry  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General; 
was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Wayne  County,  In 
diana,  in  1866  and  1870;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1875;  soon  after  abandoned  the 
profession  and  became  cas'hier  of  the  Richmond,  (In 
diana),  Savings  Bank;  in  1879  was  appointed  United 
States  Marshal  for  Indiana;  in  1881  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  at  Washing 
ton. 

Duell,  R.  Holland  ;  was  born  in  Warren,  Her- 
kimer  County,  New  York,  December  20,  1823;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  in  1850  was  elected 
District  Attorney  for  Cortland  County,  and  held  the 
office  six  years;  in  1856  was  elected  County  Judge 
for  said  county;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions;  was  an  Assessor  of  Internal  Rev 
enue  from  1869  to  1871;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and  Chairman  of  that 
on  Public  Buildings;  in  September,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Duer,  William ;  was  born  in  England,  March 
18,  1747;  in  1765  was  Aid  to  Lord  Clive  in  India;  in 
1765  purchased  land  in  Washington  County,  New 
York,  and  removed  there;  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
Militia;  Judge  of  the  County  Courts;  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress,  and  of  the  Committee  of  Safety ; 
I  and  also  a  member  of  the  Committee  to  draft  the 
State  Constitution  in  the  Convention  of  1777;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1778;  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  Board  until  the  or 
ganization  of  the  Department  in  1789;  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature;  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  under  Hamilton,  until  1790;  removed  to 
New  York  City  in  1793;  died  there,  May  7,  1799. 

Duer,  William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  in  1777  and  1778;  his 
son,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Federal  Congress;  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Articles  of  Confederation. 

Duer,  William ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  May  25,  1805;  graduated  at  Columbia  College 
in  1824;  studied  law,  and  in  1828  removed  to  Oswego, 


148 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


soon  after  returning  to  New  York;  subsequently  re 
moved  to  New  Orleans,  and  again  re  turned  to  Oswego; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  New  York  on  two  occa 
sions;  was  District  Attorney  for  Oswego  County;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1847  to  1851. 

Dugro,  P.  Henry;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  October  3,  1855;  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation;  studied  law,  and  graduated  from  the  Law 
School  of  Columbia  College;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1879 ;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Duffleld,  George  ;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  in  1805,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Orleans. 

Duke,  Richard  T.  W.;  was  born  in  Albeinarle 
County,  Virginia,  June  6,  1822;  attended  school  and 
taught  one  year;  entered  the  Virginia  Military  Insti 
tute  as  a  cadet  in  1842,  and  graduated  in  1845;  taught 
school,  reading  law  at  the  same  time;  attended  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  graduated  in  its  Law 
School  in  1850;  practiced  law;  was  elected  Attorney 
for  the  County  of  Albemarle  in  1858,  and  continued 
in  that  office  until  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Con 
gress. 

Dumont,  Ebenezer ;  wasborninVevay,  Switzer 
land  County,  Territory  of  Indiana,  November  23, 
1814;  attended  the  Indiana  University  at  Blooming- 
ton,  but  did  not  graduate;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1838;  from  1839  to  1845  was  Treasurer  of  his  county; 
served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  Lieutenant-Col 
onel,  and  was  in  several  battles;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1852;  in  1850  and  1853  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature;  was  President  for  nine  years  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Indiana;  when  the  Rebellion  broke 
out  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  Seventh  Indiana 
Volunteers,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Philippi,  in  West 
Virginia;  was  subsequently  in  charge  of  a  brigade  at 
Murfreesborough,  and,  after  the  battle  at  that  place, 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  troops  at  Nash 
ville;  from  that  place  he  led  an  expedition  against 
John  Morgan,  taking  nearly  his  whole  command;  in 
1862,  while  yet  in  the  field,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Depart 
ment. 

Dunbar  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1853  to  1855. 

Duncan,  Alexander ;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Ohio, 
from  1837  to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845.  Died  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  March  2,  1852. 

Duncan,  Charles ;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Wisconsin. 

Duncan,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  the  town  of  Ship- 
pensburg,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  July 
22,  1800;  was  a  merchant;  in  1843  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Ohio  from  Licking  County;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1847  to  1849,  and 
aiore  a  man  of  action  than  of  words.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  June  18,  1849. 

Duncan,  Garnett ;  was  born  in  Kentucky ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1820;  studied  law  and 


practiced  the  profession  with  marked  success  for 
many  years;  was  on  intimate  terms  with  Henry  Clay 
and  other  noted  men  of  his  State;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1847.  to  1849. 
Died  in  Louisville,  May  25,  1875. 

Duncan,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Haverhill, 
Massachusetts,  December  5,  1793 ;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1812;  studied  law  and  came  to  the 
Essex  County  bar;  served  four  years  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1828  to  1831; 
State  Councilor  in  1840  and  1841;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853;  subsequently  be 
came  a  Baptist  Minister;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  New 
ton  Theological  Seminary,  and  a  Fellow  of  Brown 
University,  which  conferred .  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws.  Died  in  Haverhill,  February  8r ' 
1869. 

Duncan,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky,  about 
1790;  was  self-educated;  was  an   Ensign  at  the  bril 
liant  defense  of  Fort  Stephenson,  under  Colonel  Cro-  j 
ghan,  for  which  he  received  from  Congress  the  testi-  ! 
monial  of  a  sword,  February  13,  1835;  settled  in  II-  | 
linois;  was  soon   elected  Major-General  of  Militia;  i 
was  State  Senator,  and  in  the  session  of  1824  and  1 
1825  originated  the  law  which  first  established  com- 
mon  schools  in  the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  , 
Congress  from  1827  to  1835;  was  Governor  of  Illinois  : 
from  1834  to  1838,  and  was  identified  with  the  early 
introduction   of   internal    improvements    into    that  | 
State.     Died  at  Jacksonville,   Florida,  January  15, 
1844. 

Duncan,  "William  A.;  was  born  in  Adams 
County,  Pennsylvania,  February  2,  1836;  received  a 
classical  education,  graduating  from  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1857;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Gettysburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1859,  and  settled  at  that  place  in  the 
practice  of  law;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in 
1862,  and  again  in  1868;  was  Chairman  of  the  Dem 
ocratic  County  Committee  for  several  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  State  Committee  ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Dundas,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was,  for  several  years,  a  Clerk  in  the  General  Post 
Office;  in  1852  was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  remaining  in  the  position  until  1861. 

Dundy,  Elmer  S. ;  was  born  in  Trumbull  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  March  5,  1830;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  followed  the  profession  of  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  for  several  years;  read  law  at  Clear- 
field,  Pennsylvania;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  there 
in  1853  and  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1856;  practiced  law  at  Clearfield  until 
1857,  in  which  year  he  removed  to  Nebraska,  where 
he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  soon 
afterward  elected  a  member  of  the  Upper  House  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Nebraska,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  served  four  years;  in  1863  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Nebraska  Territory;  held  the  office 
until  the  Territory  became  a  State,  in  1867;  in  1868, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Nebraska,  in  which 
position  he  continued. 

Dunham,  Cyrus  L.;  was  a  native  of  New  York 
State;  as  a  farmer's  boy,  worked  during  the  summer 
months  to  obtain  means  for  his  education  during  the 
winter;  after  acquiring  the  rudiments,  he  filled  the 
humblest  position  on  board  a  fishing-craft  from  one 
of  the  seaports  of  Massachusetts  to  Newfoundland ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


149 


after  completing  his  studies,  removed  to  Salem,  In 
diana;  taught  school  aud  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Indiana 
in  1846  and  1847;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1849  to  1855;  served  again  in 
the  Legislature  at  a  subsequent  period . 

Dunham,  Ransom  W.;  was  born  at  Savoy, 
Massachusetts,  March  21,  1838;  received  a  common 
school  education,  closing  in  High  School,  Springfield, 
Massachusetts;  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1857, 
and  engaged  in  the  business  of  Life  Insurance;  in 
1860  embarked  in  the  grain  and  provision  commis 
sion  business,  in  which  he  continued;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  in  1882;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Dunklin,  Daniel ;  was  Governor  of  Missouri 
from  1832  to  1836.  Died  in  Jefferson  County,  Mis 
souri,  August  25,  1844,  aged  fifty-four  years. 

Dunlap,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  Fayette 
County,  Kentucky,  February  22,  1813;  graduated  at 
Transylvania  University,  Lexington:  studied  law  and 
adopted  that  profession;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature;  also  of  the  "Border  State  Con 
vention,"  held  in  May,  1861;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Navy  Department,  and  also  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Accounts;  in  1864  was  a  Presidential 
Elector. 

Dunlap,  Robert  P.;  was  born  in  Maine;  grad 
uated  at  Bowdoin. College  in  1815;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  in  1821,  1822,  and 
1823  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1823 
was  elected  a  State  Senator,  serving  nine  years,  and 
presided  over  that  body  four  years;  in  1833  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Maine;  in  1834 
was  elected  Governor  of  Maine,  and  served  four  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1847; 
during  the  years  1848  and  1849  was  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  at  Portland,  and  from  1853  to  1857  Postmaster 
of  Brunswick ;  was  for  many  years  President  of  the 
Board  of  Overseers  of  Bowdoin  College.  Died  in 
Brunswick,  Maine,  October  20,  1859,  aged  seventy 
years. 

Dunlap,  William  C.;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1833  to  1837. 

Dunlop,  James  ;  was  born  in  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  March  28,  1793;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1811;  studied  law  with  Francis 
S.  Key,  with  whom  he  was  afterwards  associated  in 
the  practice  of  their  profession,  and  acted  as  District 
Attorney  in  the  latter's  place,  when  called  away  on 
public  business  in  1833;  was  Recorder  of  his  native 
town  down  to  the  year  1838,  when  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court;  was  made 
Assistant  Judge  in  1845,  and  Chief  Justice  in  1856, 
which  position  he  occupied  until  1863,  when  the 
conrt  was  abolished;  was  devoted  to  his  high  call 
ing,  and  his  judicial  opinions  often  attracted  atten 
tion  abroad,  and  especially  was  this  true  in  regard 
to  the  Admiralty  case  of  the  Tropic  Wind,  which  was 
complimented  by  Lord  John  Russell,  soon  after  its 
termination.  Died  on  his  farm,  near  Georgetown, 
May  6,  1872,  leaving  a  spotless  reputation. 

Dunn,  Charles  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Wis 
consin,  residing  at  Elk  Grove,  and  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  United  States  for  that  Territory. 


Dunn,  George  G. ;  was  born  in  1813;  was  a 
lawyer  and  noted  for  his  abilities  as  an  orator;  held 
many  high  official  trusts;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1847  to  1849.  Died  in 
September,  1857. 

Dunn,  George  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1837  to  1839. 

Dunn,  Poindexter ;  was  born  in  Wake  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  3,  1834;  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  Alabama  in  1836;  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  graduated  at  Jackson  College, 
Tennessee,  in  1854;  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1856, 
and  became  a  farmer;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1858;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  1867;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872  and  1876;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Dunn,  "William  McKee  ;  was  born  in  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Indiana,  December  12,  1814;  graduated  at 
the  State  College  of  Indiana  in  1832;  taught  school  for 
two  years,  and  having  entered  Yale  College,  received 
from  that  College  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1835;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law;  was  elected  to  the  Indiana 
Legislature  in  1848;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  in  1850;  in  1858  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures 
and  Roads  and  Canals,  and  also  on  the  Special  Com 
mittee  of  Thirty-three;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Patents,  after  which  he  became  Assistant 
Judge  Advocate  in  the  army;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866; 
in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Judge  Advocate 
General  in  the  place  of  J.  Holt. 

Dunne,  Edmund  Francis ;  -was  born  at  Little 
Falls,  Herkimer  County,  New  York,  in  1835;  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Ohio  in  1836;  received  a 
common  school  education;  went  to  California  in  1852; 
had  charge  of  a  select  school  in  San  Francisco ;  after 
wards  studied  law;  traveled  in  Mexico  in  1858;  as 
sisted  in  forming  the  Union  party  in  1861;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1862;  removed  to  Nevada 
in  1863;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  that  State;  was  elected  a  District  Judge, 
and  for  two  years  did  not  have  a  single  jury  trial;  in 
1869  visited  Washington  on  business  connected  with 
California  Claims;  made  a  visit  to  Europe  in  1871; 
on  his  return  in  1874  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  Arizona. 

Dunnell,  Mark  H. ;  was  born  in  Buxton,  Maine, 
July  2, 1823;  graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1849; 
for  five  years  was  the  principal  of  Norway  and  Heb 
ron  Academies;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  in  1855  to  the  State  Senate;  during 
the  years  1855,  1857,  1858,  and  1859  was  State  Super 
intendent  of  Common  Schools;  in  1856  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  National  Convention  at  Philadelphia;  in 
1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  Colonel  of  Infantry; 
in  1862  was  United  States  Counsel  at  Vera  Cruz, 
Mexico;  in  January,  1865,  went  to  Minnesota;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1867; 
was  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  from 
1867  to  1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and 
two  subsequent  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Claims,  Public  Lands,  Education,  and  Labor; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and' 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 


150 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Dunning,  Paris  C.;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  in 
1848  and  1849,  %for  the  unexpired  term  of  James 
Whitcomb. 

Dupre,  Jacques ;  was  acting  Governor  of  Louis 
iana  in  1830. 

Durand,  George  H.;  was  born  in  Schoharie 
County,  New  York,  February  21,  1838;  received  an 
academic  education;, removed  to  Flint,  Michigan,  in 
1858;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  practice;!  from 
the  time  he  reached  his  majority;  served  as  Alderman 
oV  the  city  of  Flint  for  three  consecutive  terms;  was 
elected  Mayor  in  1873;  re-elected  in  1874;  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Durell,  Daniel  M.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1794;  studied 
law,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  at  Dover  in  1797; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1807  to  1809;  held  the  post  of  United  States 
District  Attorney  from  1830  to  1834.  Died  in  1841, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 

Durell,  E.  H. ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire;  re 
moved  to  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of 
Louisiana;  was  superseded  in  1875;  his  decisions  in 
regard  to  the  validity  of  the  elections  in  that  State, 
in  1872,  caused  considerable  excitement. 

Durfee,  Job ;  was  born  in  Tiverton,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1790;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  although  for 
a  long  time  Chief  Justice  of  Rhode  Island,  devoted 
much  attention  to  poetry  and  belles-letters;  was,  for 
many  years,  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  and 
Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1825.  Died  in 
Tiverton  in  1847.  He  was  the  author  of  a  work  en 
titled  "What  Cheer?  or,  Roger  Williams  in  Banish 
ment." 

Durfee,  Nathaniel  B.;  was  born  in  Tiverton, 
Rhode  Island,  September  29,  1812;  received  a  clas 
sical  education  at  Newport;  from  1838  to  1850  devoted 
himself  to  the  pursuits  of  agriculture;  represented 
the  town  of  Warwick  several  years  in  the  State  Leg 
islature,  and  the  town  of  Viverton  four  years;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Durham,  Milton  J.;  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
Kentucky,  May  16,  1824;  graduated  at  Asbury  Uni 
versity,  Indiana,  in  1844;  studied  law  at  the  Louis 
ville  Law  School;  was  one  of  the  Circuit  Judges  of 
Kentucky  in  1861  and  1862,  and  with  the  exception 
of  that  time,  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Danville;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Banking  and  Currency,  and  the 
Department  of  Justice;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revision  of 
Laws;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  in 
March,  1885,  was  appointed  First  Comptroller  of  the 
United  States  Treasury. 

Durkee,  Charles;  was  born  at  Royal  ton,  Ver 
mont,  December  5,  1807;  was  a  merchant;  removed 
to  Wisconsin;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  in  1837  and  1838;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1848  and  1850  from  Wisconsin;  was  a 
United  States  Senator  for  six  years,  commencing 
March,  1855,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  Private  Land  Claims; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861;  in 
1865  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Governor 
of  Utah.  Died  at  Omaha,  January  14,  1870. 


Dutton,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  February  12, 1796;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1818;  studied  law,  and  while 
doing  so,  taught  in  an  academy;  from  1821  to  1826 
was  a  tutor  in  Yale  College,  and  then  settled  as  a 
lawyer  at  Newtown;  remained  there  fourteen  years; 
removed  to  Bridgeport,  where  he  remained  ten  years; 
then  settled  in  New  Haven ;  was  Attorney  for  the 
State,  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale  College;  served  five 
years  in  the  Legislature  and  one  year  in  the  State 
Senate;  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut  in  1854; 
from  1861  to  1866  was  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors.  Died  in  New 
Haven,  April  26,  1869.  In  1833  published  a  Digest 
of  the  Connecticut  Reports,  and  was  one  of  a  Com 
mission  to  revise  and  publish  the  Statutes  of  the 
State. 

Duval,  Gabriel ;  was  born  December  6,  1752,  of 
a  Huguenot  family;  served  as  a  Clerk  to  the  first 
Legislature  of  Maryland,  before  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1794  to  1796;  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1796  and  1800;  Comptroller  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  in  1802;  in  1811  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  which  office 
he  held  for  twenty -five  years.  Died  in  Prince  George 
County,  Maryland,  March  6,  1844. 

Duval,  J.  H.;  was  born  in  Wellsburg,  Brooke 
County,  Virginia,  September  1,  1824;  when  eleven 
years  of  age  started  out  in  the  world  to  seek  his  for 
tune;  spent  fourteen  years  of  his  life  in  camp  among 
the  Rocky  Mountains  and  in  Texas,  Mexico,  and  Cal 
ifornia;  up  to  the  year  1846  he  had  visited  forty -two 
tribes  of  Indians;  soon  after  that  year  he  commanded 
a  pioneer  company  from  Texa^s  to  California;  entered 
the  Volunteer  Army  from  Virginia,  in  1861.  as  a 
Major;  was  twice  severely  wounded,  and  having 
served  throughout  the  war,  was  brevetted  a  Major- 
General;  subsequently  served  two  years  in  the  State 
Senate  of  West  Virginia;  also  two  years  as  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Territories  and 
Mines  and  Mining. 

Duval,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia:  emi 
grated  to  Texas,  and  settled  at  Austin;  in  1857  was 
appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Western  Dis 
trict  of  Texas. 

Duval,  William  P.;  was  born  in  Virginia,  in 
1784;  in  early  life  went  to  Kentucky,  where,  for  a 
time,  he  led  the  life  of  a  hunter,  after  which  he 
studied  and  practiced  law;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1^13  to  1815;  in  1K;22 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Florida,  by  President 
Monroe,  and  re-appointed  by  Presidents  Adams  and 
Jackson;  served  as  a  Captain  of  Mounted  Volunteers 
in  1812;  in  1848  removed  to  Texas.  Died  in  Washing 
ton,  District  of  Columbia,  March  19,  1854.  Was  the 
original  "Ralph  Ringwood  "  of  Washington  Irving, 
and  "Nimrod  Wildfire"  of  James  K.  Paulding. 

Dwigiit,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  in  1818  and  1834;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  18:21 
to  1831.  Died  in  New  York,  February  21,  1845. 

D wight,  Jeremiah  W.;  was  born  in  Cincin- 
uatus,  New  York;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  was  Chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Dryden,  New  York,  in 
1857  and  1858;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  in  1S(><>  and  1861;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1868;  Presi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


151 


dent  of  the  D  wight  Farm  and  Land  Company,  of  Da 
kota;  a  Director  and  member  of  the  Executive  Com 
mittee  of  the  Southern  Central  Railroad;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses.  Died 
November  26,  1885. 

Dwight,  Theodore  ;  was  born  in  Northampton, 
Massachusetts,  December  6,  1764;  soon  after  the 
Revolution  studied  law,  and  attained  a  high  position 
as  a  lawyer;  for  a  number  of  yearij  was  a  State  Sena 
tor  in  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut  during  the  years  1806  and  1807;  in 
1813  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  ready  and 
brilliant  writer,  and  conducted  for  a  time  the  Hart- 
lord  Mirror;  was  Secretary  of  the  Hartford  Conven 
tion,  of  which  he  wrote  the  authentic  history;  in 
1815,  at  the  suggestion  of  leading  men,  he  estab 
lished  the  Albany  Daily  Adoertlw;  in  1817  founded 
the  New  York  Daily  Advertiser,  which  he  conducted 
with  signal  ability  until  1836,  when  he  removed  to 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  retired  from  active  life. 
About  three  years  before  his  death  he  went  to  New 
York  to  reside  with  his  son,  and  died  in  that  city 
June  11,  1846.  Brother  of  President  Timothy 
Dwight.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Ameri 
can  Bible  Society;  wrote  a  Life  of  Thomas  Jefferson 
and  a  Dictionary  of  Roots  and  Derivations. 

Dwight,  Thomas  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1778;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1794  and  1795;  a  State  Senator  from 
1796  to  1803  and  in  1813;  a  member  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  Council  in  1808  and  1809;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1803  to 
1805.  Died  in  1819. 

Dwinell,  Justin ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1805;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1821  and  1822;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1823  to  1825. 

Dyer,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Cicero,  Ononda- 
ga  County,  New  York,  October  5,  1834;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Ohio,  in  1835,  and  to  the,  then, 
Territory  of  Wisconsin  in  1839;  his  education  was 
partly  academic  and  partly  by  private  tutor;  in  1849 
entered  the  office  of  the  Western  Citizen,  newspaper,  in 
Chicago,  Illinois,  with  the  intention  of  becoming  a 
printer;  in  1851  removed  to  Sandusky,  Ohio,  where 
he,  finally,  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  upon  the  advice  of  Hon. 
Ebenezer  Lane,  formerly  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
State  Supreme  Court,  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1858;  in  January,  1859,  removed  to 
Racine,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was,  the  same  year, 
elected  City  Attorney,  and  was  re-elected  in  I860;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1867;  in  1875  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Wisconsin. 

Dyer,  David  P.;  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
Virginia,  February  12,  1838;  removed  to  Missouri  in 
1841:  was  educated  at  St.  Charles  College;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1859;  was  a  District 
Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1860;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1862  and  1865;  had  command  of 
the  Forty-ninth  Missouri  Volunteers  during  a  part 
of  the  Rebellion;  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1866;  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri 
to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Territories  and  Agriculture. 

Dyer,  Eliphalet ;  was  born  in  Windham,  Con 
necticut,  September  28,  1721;  graduated  at  Yale 


College  in  1740,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  that  institution  in  1787;  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen;  from  1745  to  1762 
was  a  Representative  to  the  General  Court;  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  command  of  a  Connecticut  regiment 
during  the  French  War  in  1755;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Council  in  1762;  went  to  England  in  1763 
as  Agent  of  the  Susquehanna  Company;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Stamp  Act  Congress  of  1765 ;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1774,  and  held  a 
seat  in  that  body  during  the  war,  excepting  1 779 ; 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1766; 
was  Chief  Justice  from  1789  to  1793.  Died  in  Wind- 
ham,  May  13,  1807. 

Dyer,  Elisha  ;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island  for 
two  years,  beginning  with  1857. 

Dyer,  John  J.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Iowa; 
prior  to  the  year  1850  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  three  Districts  of  Iowa. 

Eager  S.  W.;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1809;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Eames,  Benjamin  T.;  was  born  in  Tudham, 
Massachusetts,  June  4,  1818;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1843;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced 
at  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1854,  1855,  1856,  1859,  and  1863; 
of  the  Legislature  in  1859,  1868,  and  1869,  serving 
the  last  year  as  Speaker;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
vention  at  Chicago  in  1860;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Patents  and  Land  Claims;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-filth  Congress;  declined  a  re- 
nomination. 

Eames,  Charles ;  was  born  in  New  Braintree, 
Massachusetts,  March  20,  1812;  in  1831  graduated  at 
Harvard  University;  studied  at  the  Cambridge  Law 
School,  but  was  prevented  by  ill  health  from  prac 
ticing,  and  in  1845  took  a  position  in  the  Navy  De 
partment;  a  few  months  later  became  associate  ed 
itor  of  the  Washington  Union',  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  Commissioner  to  the  Sandwich 
Islands  for  the  negotiation  of  a  treaty ;  in  1850  re 
turned;  after  editing  the  Nashville  Union  for  six 
months,  again  edited  the  Union,  until  sent  as  Minis 
ter  to  Venezuela  by  President  Pierce  ;  returned  to 
Washington  in  1858,  where  he  practiced  law  until  his 
death;  during  the  last  five  years  of  his  life  he  won 
distinction  by  his  knowledge  of  international  law. 
Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  March  16, 
1867. 

Earle,  Elias;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1805  to  1807,  from  1811  to  1815, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1821. 

Earle,  John  B.;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
irom  South  Carolina  from  1803  to  1805. 

Earle,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1795  to  1797. 

Earll,  Jonas,  Jr.;  was  born  in  1786;  was  at  one 
time  a  Senator  in  the  New  York  Legislature;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  that  State  froni  1827  to 
1831;  was  a  Canal  Commissioner  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Syracuse,  New  York,  in 
October,  1846. 

Earll,  Nehemiah  H.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1839  to  1841. 


152 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Early,  Peter ;  was  born  in  Madison  County,  Vir 
ginia,  June  20,  1773;  emigrated  to  Georgia  with  his 
father  in  1795;  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton, 
and  studied  law  in  Philadelphia;  served  in  the 
United  States  House  of  Representatives  from  Georgia 
from  1802  to  1807;  was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 
among  its  members  who  supported  the  Administra 
tion;  on  his  return  to  Georgia,  was  made  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  in  1813  was  elected 
Governor;  was  subsequently  a  State  Senator,  but  for 
several  years  before  his  death  lived  in  retirement. 
Died  August  15,  1817. 

Basby,  William ;  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  Public  Buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  in 
1851,  holding  the  position  until  1853. 

Easterbrook,  Experience ;  was  born  in  Leb 
anon,  Grafton  County,  New  Hampshire,  April  30, 
1813;  received  a  good  academic  education;  studied 
law  iu  Buffalo,  and  graduated  at  the  Law  School  of 
Marshall  College,  Pennsylvania;  removed  to  Wiscon 
sin  in  1840,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  until 
1854;  besides  holding  a  number  of  county  offices,  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  that  formed  the  Consti 
tution  of  that  State;  served  also  in  the  Legislature  of 
Wisconsin,  and  was  Attorney -General  of  the  State; 
in  1854  Avas  appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  Territory  of  Nebraska,  which  office  he 
held  until  1859,  when  he  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Nebraska  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

Eastman,  Benjamin  O.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Wisconsin  from  1851  to  1855.  Died 
February  5,  1856,  at  Platteville,  in  that  State. 

Eastman,  Ira  A.;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire: 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1829;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
from  1837  to  1839;  was  at  one  time  Secretary  of  the 
State  Senate;  was  Register  of  Probate;  from  1844  to 
1859  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  and  Supreme  Courts; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1839  to  1843. 

Eastman,  Nehemiah ;  wavS  born  in  Strafford 
County,  New  Hampshire;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  settled  at  Farmington,  New  Hampshire;  was  a 
Senator  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1820  to  1825;  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1825  to  1827.  Died  January  11,  185b,  aged 
sixty -five  years. 

Easton,  Rufus ;  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  in  1805;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  Missouri  Territory 
from  1814  to  1816. 

Eaton,  Benjamin  H.;  was  born  near  West  Bed 
ford,  Coshocton  County,  Ohio,  December  15,  1833; 
received  a  common  school  and  academic  education; 
taught  school  for  a  time  and,  in  1854  removed  to 
Iowa,  where  he  again  engaged  in  teaching;  removed 
to  Colorado  in  1859;  engaged  in  farming,  mining, 
manufacturing,  and  stock  raising;  served  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  County  Commissioner,  and  as  Repre 
sentative  and  Senator  in  the  Territorial  Legislature; 
in  1884  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Colorado. 

Eaton,  Horace ;  was  born  in  Barnard,  Vermont, 
June  22,  1804;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in 
1825;  practiced  medicine  in  Enosbury  from  1828  to 
1848,  when  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History  in  Middlebury  College,  subse 
quently  resided  at  Middlebury;  was  for  some  years  a 
member  of  the  Legislature;  Lieutenant-Go vernor 


from  1843  to  1846;  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools 
from  1845  to  1850;  Governor  of  the  State  from  1846 
to  1849;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  in  1848.  Died  at  Middlebury,  July  4,  1855. 

Eaton,  John ;  was  born  in  Sutton,  New  Hamp 
shire,  December  5,  1829;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1854;  removed  to  Ohio;  was  Superintend 
ent  of  Schools  at  Toledo  from  1856  to  1859:  studied 
theology  at  Andover;  served  as  a  Chaplain  in  the 
Army;  had  charge  of  the  Freedmen  in  the  extreme 
South;  was  commissioned  a  Colonel  in  the  Volunteer 
Service,  and  brevetted  a  General;  held  a  number  of 
official  positions  during  the  war;  established  and 
edited  the  Daily  Post  at  Memphis,  Tennessee;  in  1870 
was  appointed  United  States  Commissioner  of  Ed 
ucation  ;  wrote  and  published  many  papers  on  matters 
connected  with  education. 

Eaton,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1818  to 
1829;  was  Secretary  of  War  under  President  Jackson 
from  1829  to  1831;  from  1834  to  1836  was  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Florida;  from  1836  to  1840  was 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  November  17,  1856, 
aged  fifty-six  years.  He  was  the  author  of  a  Life  of 
Andrew  Jackson. 

Eaton,  Lewis ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1823  to  1825. 

Eaton,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Tolland,  Con 
necticut,  in  October,  1816;  was  chiefly  educated  at 
public  schools,  but  also  received  private  instruction ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  settled  in 
Hartford,  and  had  an  active  practice;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Connecticut 
in  1847,  1848,  1853,  1863,  1868,  1870,  1871,  1873,  and 
1874;  was  elected  Speaker  in  1853  and  1873;  was 
elected  State  Senator  in  1850;  in  1874  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  for  the  term  ending  in  1881 ;  in 
1882  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Connecticut 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Eckert,  George  N.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1847  to  1849,  after  which  he  was  appointed 
Director  of  the  United  States  Mint  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  was  a  physician  by  profession,  and  a  man  of 
superior  ability.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  in  July,  1865. 

Eckles,  Delane  R.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  re 
moved  to  Indiana;  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Eckley,  Ephraim  R.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Ohio,  December  9,  1812;  received  his  educa 
tion  in  the  West;  read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1837;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Senate  iu  1843, 
1845,  and  1849,  serving  until  1851;  in  1853  was 
elected  to  the  State  House  of  Representatives;  during 
the  Rebellion  was,  at  different  times,  Colonel  of  the; 
Twenty-sixth  and  Eightieth  Regiments  of  Ohio  Vol 
unteers,  serving  through  several  battles,  and  at  the 
battle  of  Corinth  commanded  a  brigade;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims,  and  on  Roads  and  Canals;  in 
March,  1863,  resigned  his  position  in  the  army;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Public  Lands  and  on  Accounts; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  his  former  committees. 

Eddy,  Norman;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


153 


Eddy,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
•Island,  March  31,  1769;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni- 
'versity  in  1787;  studied  law,  but  did  not  long  engage 
in  practice;  in  1798  was  chosen  Secretary  of  State, 
and  held  the  office  for  twenty-one  years,  when  he  re 
signed;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  his  native  State  from  1819  to  1825;  was  subse 
quently  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode 
Island  for  eight  years;  devoted  some  attention  to 
literary  pursuits,  and  was  honored  in  1801  with  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  Providence,  February  3, 
1839. 

Eden,  Charles ;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina 
from  1713  to  1722.  Died  March  26,  1722,  aged  forty- 
eight  years. 

Eden,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Bath  County,  Ken 
tucky,  February  1, 1826;  went  with  his  parents,  at  an 
early  age,  to  Indiana;  received  a  common  school  ed 
ucation;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice  in  Il 
linois:  in  1856  was  appointed  State  Attornej^  for  the 
Seventh  District,  which  office  he  held  four  years;  in 
1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Accounts  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  War  Claims;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty  -fifth  Congress;  was  again  elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Edgecomb,  Willard  W. ;  was  a  citizen  of 
Maine;  while  holding  the  position  of  Consul  at  Cape 
Town,  Africa,  was  empowered  to  negotiate  a  treaty 
of  friendship  and  commerce  with  the  Orange  Free 
States,  in  1871. 

Edgerton,  Alfred  P.;  was  born  at  Plattsburgh, 
Clinton  County,  New  York,  January  11,  1813;  is  a 
lineal  descendent  of  Richard  Edgerton,  one  of  the 
original  proprietors  of  Norwich,  Connecticut;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  made  his  first  public 
appearance  as  editor  of  a  newspaper  in  his  native 
town;  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York  in  1833,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  in  the  spring  of 
1837  went  to  Ohio,  and  assumed  the  management  of 
the  extensive  interests  of  the  American  Land  Com 
pany  and  the  Hicks  Land  Company,  in  the  north 
western  part  of  the  State;  established  an  office  at 
Hicksville.  Williams  County,  (now  part  of  Defiance 
County);  in  1845  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
Ohio;  in  1848  was  a  Delegate  at  Large  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention;  in  1850  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-second  Con 
gress  ;  in  1852  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  in 
1853  was  appointed  Financial  Agent  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  holding  the  position  until  May  1,  1856;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic:  National  Committee  from 
1852  to  1856,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Sub-Com 
mittee  which  organized  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  in  1856;  in  1857  removed  to  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana,  but  retained  his  residence  in  Ohio  until 
1862;  in  1858  was  a  member,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  to  investigate  the  frauds  upon  the  Ohio 
State  Treasury,  and  made  an  elaborate  report,  dis 
closing  the  authors,  and  the  extent  of  the  frauds; 
in  1859,  with  Hugh  McCulloch  and  Pliny  Hoogland, 
became  lessee  and  general  manager  of  the  Indiana 
Canals,  and  acted  as  such  until  1868;  in  January, 
1864,  was  a  Delegate  at  Large  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention;  in  1868  was  a  Candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana,  on  the  ticket  with 
Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  but  the  ticket  was  defeated; 
in  1872  was  nominated  as  the  "Straight-Out"  Candi 


date  for  Governor  of  Indiana,  but  declined  to  run ;  was, 
for  many  years,  President  of  the  Board  of  School  Trus 
tees  of  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  also  a  Trustee  of  Pur 
due  University,  of  Lafayette,  Indiana,  and  the  Agri 
cultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Indiana,  endowed 
by  the  General  Government;  in  November,  1885.  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United  States 
Civil  Service  Commissioner,  and  became  the  Presi 
dent  of  the  Commission. 

Edgerton,  Joseph  Ketchum ;  was  born  in 
Vergennes,  Vermont,  February  16,  1818;  spent  his 
youth  in  Clinton  County,  New  York,  and  received  a 
common  school  education,  chiefly  at  Plattsburg ;  read 
law;  settled  in  New  York  City  in  1835;  came  to  the 
bar  in  1839;  removed  to  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in 
1844;  in  1855  was  President  of  the  Fort  Wayne  and 
Chicago  Railroad  Company,  and  subsequently  finan 
cial  agent  of  the  same  when  consolidated  with  the 
Pittsburg  road;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Edgerton,  Sidney ;  was  born  in  Cazenovia, 
Madison  County,  New  York,  in  1818;  became  an 
orphan  when  a  boy;  acquired  an  academic  education 
by  means  of  his  own  exertions,  teaching  school  and 
studying  at  the  same  time;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1844, 
and  studied  law,  spending  one  year  at  the  Law 
School  in  Cincinnati;  was  a  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  four  years  in  Summit  County;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  District 
of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  and  Private  Land  Claims;  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  for  the  Territory  of 
Idaho,  and,  subsequently,  Governor  of  Montana. 

Edie,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses  from  that  State,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Edmands,  J.  "Wiley ;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Edmond,  William ;  was  born  at  South  Britain, 
Connecticut,  September  28,  1755;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1773;  was  a  volunteer  soldier  at  the  burn 
ing  of  Danbury,  and  received  a  wound  in  the  leg 
which  made  him  lame  for  life;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Legislature; 
member  of  the  Council;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  that  State;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1798  to  1801.  Died  in  Newton,  Con 
necticut,  August  1,  1838. 

Edmonds,  John  "Worth ;  was  born  in  Hudson, 
New  York,  March  13,  1799;  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  in  1816;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819  and 
began  to  practice  in  Hudson  in  1820;  was  a  member  • 
of  the  Legislature  in  1831;  of  the  Senate  from  1832 
to  1836;  also  of  the  Court  of  Errors;  in  1836  and  1837; 
was  sent,  by  the  Government,  on  special  missions  to 
the  Indians  on  the  frontiers;  in  1837  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  City;  was  Prison  In 
spector  in  1843;  Circuit  Judge  from  1845  to  1847;  ; 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  from  1847  to  1852;  a 
member  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  in  1852  and  1853, 
when  he  retired  and  practiced  in  New  York;  became  > 
an  advocate  of  Spiritualism  in  1853,  and  published  a 
work,  in  two  volumes,  on  the  subject,  and  also  ad 
ditional  volumes.  Died  in  New  York,  April  5, 1874. 

Edmondson,  Henry  A.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 


154 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


State  in  1849;  was  re-elected  to  each  successive  Con 
gress  down  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  i 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures 

Edmunds,  George  F.;  was  born  in  Richmond 
Vermont,  February  1,  1828;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  enjoyed  the  instruction  of  a 
private  tutor;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1849,  devoting  himself  exclusively  to  the  legal  pro 
fession;  in  1851  settled  in  Burlington;  in  1854,  1855, 
185/7,  1858,  and  1859,  was  elected  to  the  Vermont 
Legislature,  serving  three  years  as  Speaker;  in  1861 
and  1862  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  officiating 
as  President  pro  tern,  of  that  body  during  those  years; 
on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Convention  which  met  to  form  a  coalition 
between  the  Republicans  and  War  Democrats,  and 
'drew  up  the  resolutions  which  were  adopted  in  that 
Convention  as  the  basis  of  union  for  the  country;  on 
the  death  of  Solomon  Foot  was  appointed  in  his  place 
-to  the  United  States  Senate,  taking  his  seat  in  April 
'1866,  and  the  appointment  was  confirmed  by  the 
Legislature;  the  Committees  upon  which  he  served 
were  those  on  Commerce,  Public  Lauds,  Pensions, 
Retrenchment,  and  the  Judiciary;  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Loyalists'  Convention ' '  of 
1866;  during  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  end- 
ting  in  1881 ;  was  again  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
'in  1887;  in  March,  1883,  was  elected  President  of  the 
Senate,  pro  tempore. 

Edmunds,  Gr. ;  was  an  emigrant  to  Utah,  and 
was  appointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Edmunds,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Niagara 
County,  New  York,  August  23,  1810;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education;  from  1826 
until  1831  was  a  school  teacher;  removed  to  Michi 
gan  and  became  a  merchant  at  Ypsilanti;  was  for  ten 
years  an  Inspector  of  Schools,  holding  also  a  number 
of  other  local  positions;  in  1839  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  in  1846  to  the  Lower  House;  in  1847 
was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Governor,  but  not  elected ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1851 ;  in  1853  removed  to  Detroit  and  entered  exten 
sively  into  the  lumber  business ;  from  1857  to  1861 
was  Comptroller  of  Detroit,  which  office  he  resigned 
to  become  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office  in  Washington;  resigning  that  position  in  1866 
was  chosen  Postmaster  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1869,  to  accept  the 
office  of  Postmaster  of  Washington  City;  from  1855 
to  1861  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Cen 
tral  Committee  of  Michigan ;  President  of  the  Michi 
gan  Soldiers'  Relief  Association  in  Washington  City, 
from  its  first  organization  in  1861;  was  also  Presi 
dent  of  the  National  Council  of  the  Union  League  of 
America  from  its  organization  in  1862  to  1869,  when 
he  retired  from  the  position. 

Edmunds,  Newton ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  an  early  emigrant  to  Dakota;  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  that  Territory,  residing  in 
Yankton,  and  serving  in  that  office  until  1866. 

Edsall,  Joseph  E.;  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
New  Jersey;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1837  to  1839;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  last  State  Constitution. 

Edward,  John;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837 
to  1843. 


Edwards,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Stafford 
County,  Virginia,  in  1752;  had  not  the  advantage  of 
a  classical  education,  and  his  pursuits  were  those  of 
agriculture  and  merchandise;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maryland  Legislature;  also  of  the  State  Convention 
which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1794  to  1795, 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Uriah  Forrest;  spent 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  in  Kentucky,  but  held  no 
public  position  in  that  State.  Died  in  Todd  County, 
November  13,  1826. 

Edwards,  Francis  S.;  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  May  28,  1818;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  removing  to  New  York,  was  appointed  a 
Master  in  Chancery,  in  1841,  for  the  County  of  Che- 
nango;  in  1851  was  elected  Surrogate  of  Chautauqua 
County;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress  from  New  York. 

Edwards,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  in  1779;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1797;  studied  his  profession  at  the  Litchfield  Law 
School,  and  settled  in  New  Haven;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1819  to  1823;  United  States 
Senator  from  1823  to  1827;  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1828  and  1829;  Speaker  of  the  Connecticut 
House  of  Representatives  in  1830;  Governor  in  1833, 
and  from  1835  to  1838;  upon  his  recommendation  a 
geological  survey  of  the  State  was  taken.  Died  in 
New  Haven,  July  22,  1847. 

Edwards,  James  L.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
appointed  from  that  State,  in  1837,  the  Commissioner 
of  Pensions,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  1850. 

Edwards,  John ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature  from  Fayette  County  in  1781, 
1782,  1783,  and  1785;  was  a  Commissioner  who  chose 
the  seat  of  Government  at  Frankfort  in  1785;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Conventions  of  that  year,  and 
of  the  Convention  to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution 
in  1792;  was  United  States  Senator  from  Kentucky 
from  1792  to  1795. 

Edwards,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1839  to  1843.  Died  in 
Chester,  Pennsylvania,  June  25,  1843. 

Edwards,  John  C.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Missouri  from  1841  to  1843;  Governor 
of  that  State  from  1844  to  1848. 

Edwards,  Ninian ;   was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  March,  1775;  was,  in  early  life, 
the  intimate  friend  of  William  Wirt,  and  graduated 
at  Dickinson   College;    studied  both   medicine  and 
[aw,  but  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law  with 
minent  success;  removing  to  Kentucky,  was  twice 
lected  to  the  Legislature;  was  appointed  a  Circuit 
"lerk,  and  subsequently  Judge  of  the  General  Court 
of  Kentucky,   of  the  Circuit  Court,  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,  and  finally,  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  all  be- 
ibre  reaching  the  thirty-second  year  of  his   age;   in 
1809  President  Madison  appointed  him  Governor  of 
;he  Territory  of  Illinois,  to  which  office  he  was  three 
imes  re-appointed.     Before  Congress  had   adopted 
any  measures  on  the  subject  of  volunteer  rangers,  he 
organized  companies,    supplied    them    with    arms, 
>uilt  stockade  forts,  and  established  a  line  of  posts 
rom  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  to  the  Wabash  River. 
iTe  was  thus  prepared  for  defence,  and  during  the  In 
dian  wars  on  the  frontiers  was  most  devoted  to  his 
country's  service.  In    1816  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  treat  with  the  Indian  tribes;    when  Illinois 
jecame  a  State,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
erving  from  1818  to  1824,  when  he  was  ^appointed 
Minister  to  Mexico,  but  declined  the  office;    in  1826 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


155 


was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  which 
office  he  filled  until  1831.  Died  of  cholera  July  20, 
1833. 

Edwards,  Pierrepont;  was  born  in  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  April  8,  1750;  was  the 
youngest  son  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  the  distinguished 
divine.  From  the  fact  that  his  father  was  a  mission 
ary  among  the  Stockbridge  Indians,  he  spent  much 
of  his  early  boyhood  among  that  people,  and  acquired 
the  language  so  perfectly  that  he  was  wont  to  say 
that  he  "  thought  in  Indian."  His  youth  was  passed 
in  New  Jersey  and  North  Carolina,  and  he  was  edu 
cated  at  Princeton  College;  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  the  practice  of  the  profession  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut;  was  frequently  elected  to  the  Connecticut 
Legislature;  Avas  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Ben 
edict  Arnold  at  the  time  of  his  treason;  served  in  the 
army  during  the  Revolution;  w^sin  two  hard-fought 
battles;  at  the  battle  of  Danbury  was  reported  killed 
because  he  remained  on  the  battle  field  for  the  pur 
pose  of  rescuing  a  friend;  was  a  Delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1787  and 
1788;  subsequently  filled  the  office  of  United  States 
Judge  for  the  State  of  Connecticut,  which  he  held  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  April  1,  1826.  He  was  the  founder  of 
what  was  called  the  Toleration  Party  in  Connecticut, 
and  by  his  ability  and  perseverance  called  down 
upon  his  head  the  animosity  of  the  Calvinists;  was 
also  the  first  Grand  Master  among  the  Masons  of 
Connecticut,  having,  in  fact,  drawn  up  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  original  Lodge  in  that  State. 

Edwards,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Delaware 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1827. 

Edwards,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Cheshire 
County,  New  Hampshire;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College;  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  served  eight 
years  in  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  between  the 
years  1834  and  1856;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention"  of 
1866. 

Edwards,  Tom  O.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  hav 
ing  taken  up  his  residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1849.  Died  at  Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  in  Feb 
ruary,  1876. 

Edwards,  Weldon  N.;  was  born  in  Northamp 
ton  County,  North  Carolina,  in  1788;  was  educated 
at  Warrenton  Academy;  read  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1810;  was  in  the  Legislature  for  two  years; 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1816  to  1827;  again  went  into  the  Legislature,  serv 
ing  there  from  1833  to  1844;  was  again  elected  in 
1850;  was  made  President  of  the  State  Senate;  was 
President  of  the  State  Convention  in  1861 ;  and  died 
in  Warren,  North  Carolina,  December  18,  1873. 

Edwards,  William  P.;  was  born  in  Georgia; 
received  a  legal  education;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  that  State  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Effner,  Valentine  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1829;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1837. 

Egbert,  A.  GK;  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  April  13,  1828;  was  educated  principally  in 


public  schools;  was  trained  a  farmer;  quit  that  busi 
ness  in  1852  to  attend  two  academic  courses  in  Ohio; 
in  1853  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  grad 
uated  in  1856;  engaged  in  practice  for  six  years,  and 
then  turned  his  attention  again  to  farming  and  to 
the  production  and  refining  of  petroleum  oil;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

Egbert,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Ege,  George ,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  during  the  years  1796  and  1797, 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  D.  Heister,  resigned. 

Eggleston,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Corinth, 
Saratoga  County,  New  York,  January  3,  1816;  re 
moved  with  his  father  to  Hocking  County,  Ohio,  in 
1831,  where  he  entered  upon  commercial  pursuits, 
becoming  extensively  identified  with  the  business 
interests  and  prosperity  of  Cincinnati  and  Ohio ;  was 
connected  for  many  years  with  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  of  Hamilton  County  and  Cincinnati,  and  was 
its  Chairman;  was  the  effective  Chairman,  also,  of 
an  important  finance  committee,  in  a  time  of  great 
public  distress;  was  President  of  the  City  Council; 
was  for  some  years  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1860,  and  a  Presidential  Elector  at  the  following 
election;  in  looking  after  the  welfare  of  the  Ohio 
soldiers  during  the  Rebellion,  rendered  services  that 
were  universally  acknowledged;  one  or  two  import 
ant  canals  were  inaugurated  by  him,  and  carried  on 
under  his  supervision;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce,  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department,  and  Reve 
nue  Frauds;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  additional 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  De 
partment;  subsequently  published  several  successful 
novels. 

Eggleston,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Amelia  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  November  24,  1754;  was  educated  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary;  served  in  the 
Revolutionary  War  as  a  Captain  and  Major  of  Cavalry 
under  Colonel  Henry  Lee;  was  in  several  of  the  bat 
tles  fought  by  Gates  and  Greene;  served  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly  for  several  years;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1798  to  1801; 
from  the  time  of  his  leaving  Congress  until  his  death 
was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.  Died  February  15,  1811. 

Eickhoff,  Anthony ;  was  born  in  Westphalia, 
Germany,  September  11,  1827;  studied  philology; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1847;  studied  law 
in  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  but  did  not  practice;  be 
came  an  editor  and  had  editorial  charge  of  newspa 
pers  at  Saint  Louis,  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  finally  at  New  York,  where  he  lo 
cated  permanently  in  1852;  in  1863  was  appointed 
Commissary  General  of  Subsistence  of  the  State  of 
New  York;  was  subsequently  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  New  York  Legislature;  was  elected  Coro 
ner  of  the  city  of  New  York  in  1873;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Einstein,  Edwin;  was  born  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
November  18,  1842;  removed  to  New  York  in  1846; 
received  a  collegiate  education;  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 


156 


B 1  O  G  R  A  P  H  I C  A  L     ANNALS. 


Ela,  Jacob  H.;  was  born  in  Rochester,  New 
Hampshire,  July  18, 1820;  began  active  life  as  a  prin 
ter  in  the  office  of  the  Strtlexmaii  newspaper  in  1837; 
established  and  edited  the  Herald  of  Freedom,  and 
also  participated  in  establishing  the  Independent  Dem 
ocrat;  in  1857  and  1858  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  rilled  several  other  State  offices;  in 
1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  United 
States  Marshal  for  his  State,  holding  the  office  until 
1866;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hamp 
shire  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Printing,  Claims,  and 
Freedmen's  Aifairs;  in  1872  was  appointed  Fifth 
Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury;  in  June,  1881, 
was  appointed  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

Elam,  Joseph  B.;  was  born  in  Hempstead  Coun 
ty,  Arkansas,  June  12,  1821  ;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Louisiana  in  1826;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  Alexandria  in  1843;  served 
two  terms  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1851  removed 
to  De  Sota  Parish;  in  1861  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention;  again  served  in  the 
Legislature  during  the  Civil  War;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

Eldred,  Nathaniel  B. ;  was  born  in  Orange 
County,  New  York,  in  1795;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1822  to  1828;  was 
for  a  time  Canal  Commissioner  of  Pennsylvania;  Naval 
Officer  at  Philadelphia  from  1852  to  1858.  Died  at 
Bethany,  Pennsylvania,  January  27,  1867. 

Eldredge,  Nathaniel  B.;  was  born  in  Auburn, 
New  York,  March,  1813;  received  a  common  school  ed 
ucation;  studied  medicine;  attended  Medical  College 
at  Fairfield,  New  York;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1837, 
and  settled  in  Oakland  County  in  the  practice  of 
medicine;  in  1843  removed  to  Lapeer,  Michigan, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  for  nine  years;  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  Lapeer;  held  various  local 
offices;  was  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in  1845; 
State  Senator  in  1848;  Judge  of  Probate  from 
1852  to  1856;  in  1861  raised  a  company  of  volun 
teers  and  joined  the  Seventh  Michigan  Infant 
ry;  was,  soon  afterwards,  promoted  to  Major;  be 
came  a  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  1862;  in  1865  removed 
to  Adrian,  Michigan,  was  elected  Mayor  in  1870; 
the  same  year  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Congress;  in  1874  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Lenawee 
County ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Eldridge,  Charles  A.;  was  born  in  Bridgeport, 
Addison  County,  Vermont,  February  27,  1821;  when 
a  child  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  St.  Lawrence 
County,  New  York;  studied  law  in  that  State,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1846 ;  in  1848  removed  to  Fond  du 
•Lac,  Wisconsin;  in  1854  and  1855  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  Naval 
Affairs;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Judiciary  and  Revolutionary  Claims; 
re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Judiciary  Committee  and  that  on  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

Elgar,  Joseph  ;  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Public  Buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia  in  1816, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1834. 


Eliot,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  5,  1798;  educated  at  Harvard  College; 
engaged  in  commercial  and  manufacturing  business; 
was  Mayor  of  Boston  from  1837  to  1839;  Representa 
tive  and  Senator  in  the  Legislature  for  three  or  four 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1850  to 
1851;  was  also  Treasurer  of  Harvard  College  for 
eleven  years.  Died  at  Cambridge,  January  26,  1862. 

Eliot,  Thomas  D.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  20,  1808;  graduated  at  Columbia 
College,  Washington  City,  in  1825;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law,  and  settled  at  New  Bedford; 
served  in  both  Houses  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Zeno  Scudder,  in  1855;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Commerce ;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress;  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on 
Confiscation  of  the  Property  of  Rebels;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce  and  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  also  as  Chairman  of  the 
Special  Committee  on  Emancipation;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  and  was  again  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  and  Chairman  of 
that  on  Freedmen,  and  also  of  that  on  the  New  Or 
leans  Riots;  several  important  bills  bearing  on  the 
colored  race  were  drawn  up  by  him;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress.  Died  at 
New  Bedford,  June  15,  1870. 

Elkins,  Stephen  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio,  Septem 
ber  26,  1841;  removed  to  Missouri  when  young; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that  State  in  i860; 
studied  law;  went  to  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  in 
1863;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1864  and 
1865;  held  the  offices  of  District  Attorney,  Attorney- 
General,  and  United  States  District  Attorney  in  the 
Territory;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  as  a  Del 
egate  from  that  Territory. 

Ellery,  Christopher;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1787;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1801  to  1805;  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Commissioner  of  Loans;  was 
appointed  Collector  of  Newport  in  1828.  Died  in 
1840. 

Ellery,  "William ;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  December,  22,  1727;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1747;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1776  to  1780. 
and  from  1783  to  1785;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence,  and  also  of  the  Articles  of  Con 
federation;  in  1786  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Loans  for  Rhode  Island;  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of 
the  State;  in  1789  was  appointed,  by  President 
Washington,  Collector  of  Newport,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  February  15, 
1820. 

Ellicott,  Andrew  ;  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  24,  1754;  was  a  Civil  Engi 
neer;  founded  the  town  of  Ellicott's  Mills,  in  Mary 
land  ;  was  a  personal  friend  of  Franklin  and  Wash 
ington;  in  1790  was  employed  by  the  General  Govern 
ment  to  survey  and  lay  out  the  City  of  Washington ; 
in  1792  was  appointed  Surveyor-General  of  the 
United  States;  in  1812  became  a  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  at  West  Point,  where  he  died,  August  29, 
1820. 

Ellicott,  Benjamin;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1817  to  1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


157 


Elliot,  John;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1794; 
resided  in  Sunbury,  Liberty  County,  Georgia;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1819  to 
1825,  serving  on  several  important  Committees.  Died 
August  9,  1827. 

Elliott,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Vermont  from  1803  to  1809.  Died  at  Newfane, 
Vermont,  November  10,  1839. 

Elliott,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Georgia,  April  22,  1823;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854; 
was  chosen  President  of  a  railroad  company  in  1858; 
was  elected  a  Circuit  Judge  in  Arkansas  in  1866;  es 
tablished  a  newspaper  at  Camden,  in  that  State,  in 
1867,  called  the  South  Arkansas  Journal;  was  elected 
a  Eepresentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  James  Hinds  who 
was  assassinated. 

Elliott,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Vir 
ginia,  May  16,  1820;  was  educated  in  the  county 
schools  of  Kentucky;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
to  practice  in  1843;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1847;  in  1853  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Expenditures. 

Elliott,  Mortimer  F.;  was  born  at  Cherry  Flats, 
Tioga  County,  Pennsylvania,  September  24,  1842; 
Avas  reared  on  a  farm ;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Alfred  University,  New  York;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864;  com 
menced  practice  at  Wellsboro,  Pennsylvania;  in  1870 
was  an  unsuccessful  Candidate  for  President  Judge; 
attained  eminence  in  his  profession,  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1873;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Elliott,  Robert  Brown,  of  Columbia ;  was 
born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  August  11,  1842;  in 
1853  entered  High  Holborn  Academy,  in  London, 
England;  in  1855  entered  Eton  College,  England, 
and  graduated  in  1859;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
his  profession ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  South  Carolina  in  1868;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  South 
Carolina,  from  1868  to  1870;  in  1869  was  appointed 
Assistant  Adjutant-General,  which  position  he  held 
until  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-Third  Congress,  and  served  on  several 
Committees,  but  resigned. 

Ellis,  Caleb ;  was  born  at  Walpole,  Massachu 
setts;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1793;  when 
admitted  to  the  bar  he  settled  at  Claremont,  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1805  to  1809;  was  a  member  of  the  Council,  and  in 
1811  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1812  was  one  of 
the  Electors  of  President  and  Vice-President;  in  1813 
was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  May  9,  1816,  aged  forty-nine  years. 

Ellis,  Cheseiden  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Ellis,  E.  John ,  was  born  in  Covingtou,  St.  Tam 
many  Parish,  Louisiana,  October  15,  1841;  was  par 
tially  educated  at  Centenary  College,  but  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Louisiana  in  1861;  entered  the 
Confederate  Army  as  a  private,  and  became  Captain 
of  Infantry,  serving  under  Generals  Johnson,  Beaure- 
gard,  and  Bragg;  in  1863  was  captured  and  impris 
oned  at  Johnson's  Island,  Lake  Erie;  after  his  release, 


in  1865,  he  returned  to  Louisiana  and  began  practic 
ing  law,  which  he  continued  until  1874,  when  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mississippi 
Levees;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Ellis,  John  "Willis ;  was  born  in  Rowan,  North 
Carolina,  November  23,  1820;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina  in  1841;  studied  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  of  that  State  from 
1844  to  1848,  then  Judge  of  the  Superior  Courts  of 
Law  and  Equity;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina 
from  1859  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Raleigh, 
in  1861. 

Ellis,  Powhatan ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  remov 
ing  at  an  early  day  to  Mississippi,  there  devoting  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  law;  became  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State ;  in  1825  was  ap 
pointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  but 
was  displaced  by  the  Legislature;  in  1827,  however, 
the  Legislature  elected  him  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
where  n*e  served  until  1833,  after  which  be  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of 
Mississippi;  in  1836  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires 
to  Mexico;  in  1839  Minister  to  that  Republic. 

Ellis,  Vespasian  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Missouri;  in 
1844  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Venezuela, 
where  he  remained  until  1845. 

Ellis,  William  C.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1825. 

Ellison,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Ireland;  emi 
grated  to  Ohio ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1853  to  1855. 

Ellsberry,  "William  "W.;  was  born  at  New  Hope, 
Brown  County,  Ohio,  December  18,  1833,  received  a 
good  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Brown 
County  and  at  a  private  academy  in  Clermont  County, 
Ohio;  taught  school  two  years;  studied  medicine 
with  his  father;  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  Col 
lege  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  and  engaged  in  prac 
tice  as  a  physician;  some  years  later  attended  a  full 
course  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  and 
received  a  diploma  therefrom;  in  1861  was  a  member 
of  the  County  Military  Board  of  Brown  County,  set 
tled  at  Georgetown,  Ohio;  was  three  times  chosen 
County  Auditor;  in  1878,  was  tendered  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  the  Central  Insane  Asylum,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  but  declined  it;  became  a  member 
of  several  medical  societies,  including  the  American 
Medical  Association ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  1880;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty  - 
ninth  Congress. 

Ellsworth,  Charles  C.;  was  born  at  Berkshire, 
Vermont,  January  29,  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  and  practiced  law;  removed  to 
Michigan,  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Livingston  County  in  1850;  removed  to  Montcalm 
County  in  1851 ,  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  from  1852  to  1854;  served  two  terms 
as  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Montcalm  County;  was 
appointed  a  Paymaster  in  the  army  in  1862  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Ellsworth,  Henry  Leavitt;  was  born  at 
Windsor,  Connecticut,  November  10, 1791;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1810;  studied  law  at  Litehn'eld  and 
settled  at  Windsor;  after  a  few  years  removed  to 


158 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Hartford,  where  he  lived  about  ten  years,  was  then 
appointed  Resident  Commissioner  among  the  Indian 
tribes  in  Arkansas ;  was  United  States  Commissioner 
of  Patents  from  1836  to  1845;  his  Reports  to  Con 
gress  during  this  period  added  greatly  to  the  im 
provement  of  agriculture;  then  settled  in  Lafayette, 
Indiana,  where  he  was  a  purchaser  of  United  States 
land;  in  1857  returned  to  Connecticut;  was  the  author 
of  "Digest  of  Patents  from  1770  to  1839."  Died  at 
Fair  Haven,  Connecticut,  December  27,  1858. 

'Ellsworth,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  Windsor, 
Connecticut,  in  1814;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1834;  studied  law  in  New  Haven  Law  School;  re 
moved  to  Indiana  in  1835;  was  counsel  for  S.  F.  B. 
Morse  in  some  of  his  suits  connected  with  telegraph 
patents;  was  appointed  Charge  d1  Affaires  to  Sweden 
in  1845.  Died  at  New  Haven,  in  August,  1884.  He 
was  the  author  of  "Sketches  of  the  Upper  Wabash 
Valley,"  and  a  contributor  to  the  Knickerbocker 
Magazine. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver  ;  was  born  at  Windsor.  Con 
necticut,  April  29,  1745;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  New  Jersey,  in  1766;  studied  law,  and  soon  be 
came  eminent  in  the  practice;  in  1777  was  chosen  a 
Delegate  in  Congress  from  Connecticut;  in  1780  was 
elected  to  the  Council  of  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
member  of  that  body  until  1784,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  State; 
in  1787  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution.  In  an 
assembly  illustrious  for  talents,  erudition,  and  pa 
triotism,  he  held  a  distinguished  place.  His  exer 
tions  essentially  aided  in  the  production  of  an  in- 
strument  which  has  been  the  main  pillar  of  American 
prosperity  and  glory;  was  afterwards  a  member  of 
the  State  Convention  of  Connecticut,  and  contributed 
his  efforts  towards  procuring  the  ratification  of  the 
Constitution  by  that  State.  When  the  Federal  Gov 
ernment  was  organized,  in  1789,  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  from  Connecticut;  in  1796  was  appointed,  by 
President  Washington,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  but  resigned  the  office  on 
account  of  ill-health  in  1800;  in  1799  was  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  France, 
for  the  purpose  of  concluding  a  treaty  with  that 
nation:  in  1805  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1780,  from  Yale  Col 
lege,  and  in  1797  from  Dartmouth.  Died  November 
26,  1807. 

Ellsworth,  Samuel  S.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1840: 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  .1845  to  1847. 

Ellsworth,  William  W.;  was  the  son  of  Oliver 
Ellsworth,  was  born  in  Windsor  County,  Connecti 
cut,  November  10,  1791;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1810;  adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and  was  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Trinity  College;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1829  to  1833; 
in  1838  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  re- 
elected  for  four  years,  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Connecticut  for  many  years.  Died  at  Hart 
ford.  Connecticut,  January  15.  1868. 

Ellwood,  Reuben ;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1821;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836,  and  applied  him 
self  to  various  avocations,  at  different  points  in  the 
State;  received  an  academic  education;  finally 
located  at  Sycamore,  Illinois,  and  engaged  largely  in 
manufacturing;  became  President  of  several  manu 
facturing  companies;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 


Elmendorf,  Lucas  ;  graduated  at  Princeton  ir 
1782;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  NeV 
York  from  1797  to  1803;  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  that  State  in  1804  and  1805;  a  State  Senator  from 
1814  to  1817.  Died  August  17.  1843,  aged  eighty- 
five  years. 

Elmer,  Ebenezer ;  was  born  in  Cedarville,  New 
Jersey,  in  1752;  was  educated  a  physician;  was  a 
Field  Officer  of  the  Revolutionary  War;  also  a  Sur 
geon  in  the  army;  was  President  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati  for  New  Jersey;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1801  to  1807  served  a. 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Assembly,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker;  was  also  for  a  long  time  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  New  Jersey  Militia;  during  the  War 
of  1812  commanded  the  troops  on  the  Delaware;  in 
1807  and  1815  was  a  member  and  Vice-President  of 
the  State  Council;  in  1808  was  appointed  Collector  of 
Bridgeton,  and  held  the  office  for  many  years.  Died 
at  Bridgeton,  New  Jersey,  October  18,  1843. 

Elmer,  Jonathan ;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1745;  was  a  prominent  phy 
sician,  and  practiced  in  his  native  county;  having 
graduated  with  honors  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress;  a 
Senator  in  Congress  under  the  Federal  Constitution 
from  New  Jersey  from  1789  to  1791 ;  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac;  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution  was  a 
Sheriff,  a  Surrogate,  and  a  Judge;  was  a  man  of 
learning,  and  a  member  of  the  Philosophical  Society 
of  America.  Died  in  1817. 

Elmer,  Lucius  Q.  O.;  was  born  in  Bridgeton,  New 
Jersey,  in  1793;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1824;  was  educated  a  lawyer,  which  profession  he 
practiced  in  his  native  town;  for  many  years  was 
Prosecutor  for  the  State;  was  in  the  Assembly  from 
1820  to  1823,  the  last  year  being  Speaker  of  that  body; 
in  1824  was  appointed  Attorney  of  the  United  States 
for  New  Jersey,  which  office  he  filled  until  1829;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1843  to  1845;  in  1850  was  appointed  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State;  in  1852  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  his  State,  which 
office  he  continued  to  hold  until  1859. 

Elmer,  Richard  A.;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York,  June  16,  1843;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Hamilton  College  in  1864 ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1868; 
his  professional  practice  was  limited,  owing  to  other 
duties,  circumstances  having  compelled  him  to  as 
sume  the  management  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Waverly.  New  York,  in  which  he  continued  until 
May,  1881,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Garfield,  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 

Elmore,  Franklin  Harper;  was  born  in  Lau- 
rens  District,  South  Carolina,  in  1799;  entered  South 
Carolina  College  in  November,  1817,  and  graduated 
in  1819;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1821;  was  a  Colonel  of  Militia,  and 
also  a  Trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  College,  in  1822 
was  elected  Solicitor  of  the  Southern  Circuit,  and  was 
continued  in  this  office,  by  re-elections,  until  1837, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representativ  ,3 
in  Congress,  and  served  until  1839;  was  in  that  yeiir 
elected  President  of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Sou,, h 
Carolina,  which  office  he  held  till  his  appointment  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  in  April,  1850,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  John  C.  Calhotui; 
his  voice  was  heard  but  once  in  the  Senate,  and  then 
in  answering  to  his  name  when  called  by  the  Secre 
tary.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia^ 
May  29,  1850. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


159 


Elmore,  Rush.;  was  born  in  Alabama;  settled  in 
Kansas;  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  that  Territory,  residing  at 
Lecompton. 

Ely,  Alfred ;  -was  born  in  Lyme,  New  London 
County,  Connecticut,  February  18,  1815;  removed  to 
Rochester,  New  York,  in  1835;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession;  in  1840,  while  a  student  at  law,  was  ap 
pointed  Clerk  of  the  Recorder's  Court  of  Rochester; 
in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress;  was  re-elected, 
and  while  in  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  in 
July,  1861,  was  a  witness  of  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
where  he  was  captured  and  taken  as  a  prisoner  of 
war  to  Richmond ;  after  a  confinement  of  more  than 
five  months  was  exchanged  in  December,  1861,  for 
the  Hon.  Charles  J.  Faulkner,  the  American  Minis 
ter  to  France,  who  had  been  imprisoned  for  disloy 
alty;  after  his  return  home,  Mr.  Ely  published  a 
book  with  the  title,  "Journal  of  Alfred  Ely,  a 
Prisoner  of  War  in  Richmond, ' '  edited  by  the  author 
of  this  volume. 

Ely,  Frederick  David;  was  born  at  Wrent- 
ham,  Norfolk  County,  Massachusetts,  September  24, 
1838;  received  his  early  education  at  Day's  Acad 
emy,  Wrentham,  Massachusetts,  and  graduated  from 
Brown  University,  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  in 
1859;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Dedham, 
Massachusetts;  was  a  Trial  Justice  from  1867  to 
1885  ;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1873;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1878  and 
1879;  was  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  of 
Dedham,  Massachusetts,  from  1882  to  1885;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Ely,  John;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1839  to 
1841,  having  previously  served  two  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State. 

Ely,  Smith,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1825,  his  grandfather  having  served  with  honor  in 
the  Revolution;  after  receiving  a  good  education, 
studied  law.  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846,  but  did  not 
practice  the  profession;  devoted  himself  for  many 
years  to  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1856  was  elected  a 
School  Trustee;  in  1857  to  the  State  Senate;  was 
County  Supervisor  from  1866  to  1870;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  various  committees;  in  1872  was 
elected  a  Commissioner  of  Public  Instruction,  and  in 
1874  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment.  Died  July  28,  1884. 

Ely,  William ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1787;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1805  to  1815.  Died  in  1817. 

Embree,  Elisha ;  was  born  in  Lincoln  County, 
Kentucky,  September  28,  1801;  in  1811  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  the  southwestern  portion  of  In 
diana  Territory,  where  he  long  continued  to  reside; 
received  a  common  school  education,  after  which  he 
studied  and  practiced  law;  in  1813  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  of  Indiana;  in  1835  was  chosen,  by  the 
Legislature,  Circuit  Judge,  which  office  he  held  for 
ten  years;  in  1847  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
Thirtieth  Congress  from  Indiana,  and  after  the  expi- 
ral  ion  of  that  term  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
Died  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  March  7,  1863. 


Emerson,  Philip  H.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  re 
moved  to  Michigan;  in  1873  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the 
Territory  of  Idaho. 

Emery,  George  "W.;  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee; 
in  1875  was  appointed  Governor  of  Utah,  serving 
until  March  1,  1880. 

Emmanuel,  David;  was  acting  Governor  ol 
Georgia  in  1801. 

Emmons,  H.  H.;  was  born  in  New  York;  after 
acquiring  a  good  education  at  the  common  schools, 
became  an  assistant  in  the  office  of  his  father,  who 
was  the  editor  of  a  paper;  he  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  State;  soon  afterwards 
settled  in  Detroit,  where  his  father  had  already  located 
himself  as  a  lawyer,  and  with  whom  he  became  asso 
ciated  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  about  the  year 
1840;  in  1843  his  father  died;  acquired  distinction 
during  a  period  of  commotion  in  Detroit  by  defending 
the  right  of  an  American  Protestant  clergyman  to 
preach  against  Catholicism,  Irish  repeal,  temperance, 
or  secret  societies,  or  whatever  he  conscientiously  be 
lieved  to  be  injurious  to  the  welfare — temporal  or 
eternal — of  his  fellow-citizens;  in  1853  his  health 
became  somewhat  impaired  by  application  to  busi 
ness,  and  he  partially  retired  from  active  professional 
life,  although  his  services  were  in  frequent  demand 
by  the  railroad  companies  of  the  State,  whose  busi 
ness  he  had  made  a  specialty;  early  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  Circuit  Judge  for  the  State  of  Michigan,  but 
exercised  a  much  wider  jurisdiction. 

Emott,  James ;  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York, 
in  1770;  did  not  receive  a  collegiate  education,  but 
in  1800  Union  College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of 
A.M.;  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  bar;  under 
the  old  Constitution  of  New  York,  for  several  years, 
filled  the  office  of  First  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  his  county,  and  in  that  capacity  gave  that 
court  a  rank  among  the  best  of  the  State ;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from 
1809  to  1813;  under  the  Constitution  of  1821  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  for  the  Second  District,  which  station 
he  filled  until  he  reached  the  age  of  sixty  years, 
which  required  him  to  retire.  Died  in  Poughkeep- 
sie,  April  7,  1850. 

Emrie,  J.  Reece;  was  born  in  Ohio;  elected  a 
Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

Endicott,  William  O.;  was  born  at  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  November  19,  1826;  received  a  classi 
cal  education,  graduating  from  Harvard  University 
in  1847;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the 
County  of  Essex,  Massachusetts,  in  December,  1851, 
and  was  engaged  in  practice  until  1873;  during  that 
time  was  several  times  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
the  office  of  Attorney-General,  and  once  for  mem. 
of  Congress,  but  was  each  time  defeated;  in  Marcn, 
1873,  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  which  office  he  held 
until  November,  1882,  when  he  resigned;  after  an 
absence  of  a  year  and  a  half  in  Europe,  returned  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  Massachusetts;  was  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  that  State  in  1884, 
and  was  defeated;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  War  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Cleve 
land. 

English  James  E.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  in  March,  1812;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  was  bred  a  carpenter  and  became  a 
master  builder,  and  a  dealer  in  lumber;  entered  into 


160 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


mercantile  pursuits,  in  which  he  continued  until 
1855,  when  he  became  extensively  engaged  in  several 
branches  of  manufacture;  in  1855  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Connecticut;  in  1856  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  and  declined  a  re-election ;  was 
a  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Connecticut 
in  1860,  but  was  defeated ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  his  native  State  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Public  Lands  and 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Department;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecti 
cut  in  1867,  1868,  and  1870;  subsequently  traveled 
extensively;  in  November,  1875,  was  appointed  a 
Senator  in  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  O.  S.  Ferry. 

English,  William  E.;  was  born  at  Lexington, 
Scott  County,  Indiana,  November  3,  1851 ;  removed 
to  Indianapolis  at  an  early  age;  graduated  at  the 
Northwestern  University,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  1872;  soon  retired  from  active 
practice;  from  1875  to  1886  was  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  Executive  Committee  of  his  county, 
serving  as  its  chairman  during  two  important  cam 
paigns;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1878;  was  the  Democratic  candidate 
for  Representative  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  in 
November,  1882,  but  the  certificate  of  election  hav 
ing  been  given  to  his  Republican  competitor,  Stan- 
ton  J.  Peele;  after  a  contest,  the  seat  was  awarded 
to  Mr.  English. 

English,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Indiana,  August  27,  1822;  received  a  good  common 
school  education,  and  spent  three  years  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  South  Hanover;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1846;  in  1843  was  elected  Clerk 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Indiana;  during 
President  Folk's  administration  was  a  Clerk  in  the 
Treasury  Department;  was  the  Clerk  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1850;  in  1851  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  officiated  as 
Speaker;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana;  re-elected  in  1854,  and  made 
a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  re-elected 
in  1856,  and  during  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  took  part  in  the  Kansas  Compromise 
measure;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same  committee. 

Eppes,  John  W.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1803  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1813  to  1815;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1817  to  1819,  when  he  resigned  because  of  ill  health. 
Died  near  Richmond,  Virginia,  September,  1823,  aged 
fifty  years. 

Erdman,  Jacob;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847.  Died  in  Lehigh  County,  July  20, 
1867. 

Ermentrout,  Daniel;  was  born  at  Reading, 
Pennsylvania,  January  24,  1837;  received  a  collegi 
ate  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1859;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in 
1862,  and  served  three  years;  was  City  Solicitor  from 
1867  to  1870;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1873  to  1880; 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  School 
Control  of  Reading;  was  frequently  a  Delegate  to 
Democratic  State  Conventions;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1880;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 


Errett,  Russell ;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1817; 
was  self-educated;  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in  1829; 
adopted  the  profession  of  an  editor;  was  Comptroller 
of  Pittsburg.  Pennsylvania,  in  1860;  Clerk  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1860  and  1861;  served  in  the  Union 
Army,  as  Additional  Paymaster,  from  1861  to  1866; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1867;  was  Assessor  of  Internal 
Revenue  from  1869  to  1873;  again  Clerk  of  the  State 
Senate  from  1872  to  1876;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty -sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Erskine,  John ;  was  born  in  Ireland ;  resided  at 
Atlanta,  Georgia;  in  1866  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Georgia. 

Ervin,  James ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
October,   1778;   graduated   at   Brown   University  in 
1797;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1800;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1801  and 
1802,  and  from  1804  to  1816;  was  a  Solicitor  of  the 
Northern  Circuit;  was,  for  eight  years,  a  Trustee  of 
*he  South  Carolina  College;  was  a  Representative  in  < 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1817  to   1821.  t 
Died  in  1841. 

Erving,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts  in  1771;  went,  with  his  father's  family  to 
England  in  1776;  was  educated  at  Oxford,  England, 
and,  returning  to  his  native  country,  was  made  Con 
sul  to  London  by  Jefferson;  was  Secretary  of  Lega 
tion  to  Spain  in  1804;  Special  Minister  to  Denmark  in 
1811;  Minister  to  Spain  in  1814.  Died  in  New  York, 
July,  1850. 

Erwin,  David  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Michi 
gan;  in  1832  was  appointed  Judge  for  the  Territory 
of  Michigan. 

Eskridge,  Thomas  P.;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  Arkansas;  was  a  man  of  good  education  and  a  law-  i 
yer;  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Ter 
ritory,  serving  in  that  capacity  as  late  as  1831. 

Estil,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  Washington  Coun 
ty,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1825  to  1827. 

Esty,  Constantino  C.;  was  born  in  Framing- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  December  26,  1824;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1845;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1847;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1857  and 
1858,  and  of  the  House  in  1867;  was  appointed  As 
sessor  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1862,  and  removed  in 
1866;  re-appointed  in  1867,  and  resigned  in  1872; 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Edu 
cation  in  1871 ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Con 
gress,  as  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts. 

Etheridge,  Emerson;  was  born  in  Currituck, 
North  Carolina,  September  28,  1819;  when  thirte  -n 
years  of  age  removed  to  Tennessee,  where  he  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840;  in  1845  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  for  two  years,  and  was  at  once 
nominated  for  Speaker,  but  was  defeated  by  two 
votes;  in  1853  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Thirty- third  Congress ;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty -fourth  Congress;  also  elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  during  his  last  term 
as  Chairman  of  the  Cohimittee  on  Indian  Aftairs;  on 
the  meeting  of  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  subse 
quently  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  study  of 
philosophy,  as  well  as  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


161 


Eustis,  George,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Louisiana; 
was  educated  at  Harvard  University;  practiced  law 
in  New  Orleans;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Commerce;  during;  the  Rebellion 
served  as  Private  Secretary  to  John  M.  Mason,  when 
Confederate  Commissioner  to  France.  Died  in 
Europe.  His  father,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  an 
eminent  judge  in  Louisiana. 

Eustis,  James  B.;  was  born  in  New  Orleans, 
August  27,  1834;  received  a  classical  education; 
studied  and  practiced  law;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  throughout  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  prior  to 
the  passage  of  the  reconstruction  acts;  was  one  of 
the  Committee  to  confer  with  President  Johnson  "on 
Louisiana  affairs;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
for  four  years  in  1874;  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  served  from  De 
cember,  1877,  to  March,  1879;  in  1885  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  from  Louisiana  for  the  full 
term  of  six  years. 

Eustis,  "William ;  was  born  in  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  June  10,  1753;  after  graduating  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1782,  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Joseph  Warren;  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  was  ap 
pointed  Surgeon  of  a  regiment,  and  afterwards  Hos 
pital  Surgeon;  in  1777,  and  during  most  of  the  war, 
he  occupied,  as  a  hospital,  the  spacious  house  of 
Colonel  Robinson,  a  royalist,  opposite  West  Point; 
Arnold  had  his  headquarters  in  the  same  house;  at 
the  termination  of  the  war  commenced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Boston;  in  1800  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts, 
serving  until  1805;  in  1809  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  War  by  President  Madison,  and  continued  in 
office  until  1813,  when,  on  account  of  the  surrender 
of  Hull,  he  resigned;  in  1815  was  sent  as  Ambassa 
dor  to  Holland;  after  his  return  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1820  to  1823;  was  chosen  Governor 
of  Massachusetts  in  1823,  and  died  in  Boston,  after  a 
shortfillness,  February  6,  1825. 

Evans,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Elkton,  Cecil 
County,  Maryland,  his  ancestors  having  settled  m 
that  county  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago ;  his  edu 
cation  was  received  at  a  village  school  until  fifteen 
years  of  age,  and  his  first  avocation  was  that  of  a 
civil  engineer;  in  1842  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  his  native  town,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1845;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mary 
land,  from  1847  to  1853;  in  1842  was  elected  Corre 
sponding  Member  of  the  National  Institute  at  Wash 
ington,  and  in  1849  received  the  degree  o.'  A.M.  from 
Delaware  College;  in  1851  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Baltimore. 

Evans,  David  E.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Twentieth  Congress,  but  re 
signed,  and  P.  L.  Tracy  was  elected  in  his  place. 

Evans,  David  B.;  was  born  in  Westmoreland, 
England,  February  20,  1769;  removed  to  South  Car 
olina;  was  educated  at  Mount  Zion  College;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1796;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  from  1800  to  1803;  from  1804  to  1811 
was  Solicitor  for  the  Middle  District  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  a.  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  from  1813  to  1815;  in  1818  and  1822  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate;  was  for  many  years  the 
President  of  a  Bible  Society,  and  also  of  Mount  Zion 
Society.  Died  March  8,  1843. 

11 


Evans,  George  ;  was  born  in  Hallowell,  Maine, 
January  12,  1797;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College, 
September  3,  1815;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Maine  iu 
1829;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to 
1841;  United  States  Senator  from  Maine  from  1841  to 
1847;  from  1849  to  1850  was  a  Commissioner  of  the 
Board  of  Claims  against  Mexico;  Attorney-General 
of  Maine  in  1853,  1854,  and  1856;  died  in  Portland, 
April  6,  1867.  During  his  service  in  the  Senate  he 
served  with  ability  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce. 

Evans,  I.  Newton ;  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  July  29,  1827;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  medicine;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1851,  and  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
of  Philadelphia,  in  1852;  commenced  practice  at 
Johnsville,  Pennsylvania,  and  subsequently  removed 
to  Hatboro,  Pennsylvania;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society,  and  of  the 
American  Medical  Association;  also  President  of  the 
Hatboro  National  Bank;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress; 
was  also  elected  to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Evans,  James  Lafayette  ;  war;  born  in  Harri 
son  County,  Kentucky,  in  1825;  emigrated  to  Indiana 
in  1837,  and  settled  in  Hancock  County;  received  his 
education  from  a  private  tutor;  began  business  as  a 
merchant,  engaging  also  in  farming;  was  never  an 
applicant  for  any  office,  but  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Indiana  in  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Evans,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  Delaware,  from  1776  to  1777. 

Evans,  Joshua ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1833. 

Evans,  Josiah  J.;  was  born  in  the  District  of 
Marlborough,  South  Carolina,  November  27,  1786; 
was  for  a  time  a  merchant's  clerk;  graduated  at  South 
Carolina  College  in  1808;  taught  school  for  one  year; 
studied  law,  and  rose  to  a  high  legal  position ;  at  an 
early  age,  in  1812,  1813,  and  1816,  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature;  by  that  body  was  made  Solicitor  for  the 
State  from  his  District,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirteen  years;  in  1830  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  which  office  he  held  until  1852,  when 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1859;  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  on  Contingent  Ex 
penses  of  the  Senate,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Patents  and  on  Naval  Affairs.  Died  May 
6,  1858,  of  disease  of  the  heart,  having,  only  an  hour 
before  his  death,  partaken  of  the  hospitalities  at  din 
ner  of  his  friend  and  colleague,  Senator  Hammond. 

Evans,  Lemuel  D.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Evans,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  June  24,  1804;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation,  and  studied  law,  being  admitted  to  practice 
in  1831;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Guernsey 
County  for  four  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1847  to1  1849. 

Evans,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1801. 

Evans,  "Walter;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
Kentucky,  September  18,  1842;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law;  entered  the  Union 


162 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Army  in  1861  and  served  throughout  the  Civil  War 
after  the  close  of  the  war  engaged  in  the  practice  o: 
law  at  Hopkinsville,  Kentucky,  and  was  very  suc 
cessful;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State   Legislature  in   1867;  was 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions 
1863,  1872,  and  1880;  in  1871  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative    in   the    State    Legislature;  in    1872  wa: 
elected  a  State  Senator;  removed  to  Louisville,  and, 
in  1875,  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress; 
in  1879  was  unsuccessful  as  the  candidate  of  his  party 
for  Governor  of  the  State;  in   May,  1883,  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Internal   Revenue  in  the 
Treasury  Department  at  Washington. 

Evarts,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  February,  1818 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1837;  studied  law  at  Cambridge,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  New  York  City  in  1840;  attained  a  high 
position  as  a  lawyer;  was  the  leading  counsel  em 
ployed  to  defend  President  Johnson  in  his  trial  be 
fore  the  Senate;  was  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States  from  July,  1868,  to  March,  1869,  when  he  re 
signed;  was  one  of  the  three  lawyers  appointed  to 
defend  the  interests  of  the  United  States  before  the 
Tribunal  of  Arbitration  at  Geneva,  in  1871,  to  settle 
the  "Alabama  Claims;  "  was  one  of  the  counsel  who 
defended  Henry  Ward  Beecher  in  1875;  in  1857  he 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  from  Union 
College;  in  November,  1875,  was  invited,  by  the  Cen 
tennial  Commission,  to  deliver  the  opening  oration  at 
the  Exposition  in  1876,  the  kindred  honor,  for  recit 
ing  a  poem  on  that  occasion,  having  been  conferred 
upon  Henry  W.  Longfellow;  was  Secretary  of  State 
tinder  President  Hayes  from  March  12, 1877,  to  March 
5,  1881 ;  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1885 
,was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  New  York 
for  six  years  from  March  4,  1885. 

Eve,  Joseph ;  was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky;  in 
1841  was  appointed  Charge  d'  Affaires  to  Texas,  where 
he  remained  until  1843. 

Eveleigh,  Nicholas ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1781  to 

1782. 

Everett,  Alexander  Hill ;  was  born  March  19, 
1790;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1806;  was 
an  usher  in  Phillips'  Exeter  Academy;  began  to 
study  law  in  Boston  in  1807;  was  a  member  of  the 
literary  club  that  founded  the  ' '  Monthly  Anthology;" 
in  1809  accompanied  J.  Q.  Adams  to  St.  Petersburg, 
as  attache  to  the  Legation,  of  which  he  became  Secre 
tary  in  1815;  visited  England  in  1811;  after  a  trip  to 
Paris,  returned  home  in  1812,  and  wrote  some  politi 
cal  essays  in  favor  of  the  war  and  against  the  Hart 
ford  Convention;  became  Charge  d' Affaires  at  Brussels 
in  J818;  from  1825  to  1829  was  Minister;  in  1829  was 
editor  and  principal  proprietor  of  the  North  American 
Review,  to  which  he  had  long  been  a  contributor;  in 
vited  Irving  to  Madrid,  made  him  an  attache  to  his 
Legation,  and  encouraged  him  in  the  preparation  of 
his  Spanish  histories ;  also  aided  Mr.  Prescott  in  sim 
ilar  pursuits;  from  1830  to  1835  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  taking  an  active  part  as  a  Demo 
cratic  politician;  in  1840  was  sent  on  a  confidential 
mission  to  Cuba;  from  1845  until.his death  was  Com 
missioner  to  China;  he  was  skilled  in  the  languages 
and  literature  of  modern*  Europe,  as  well  as  philoso 
phy,  diplomacy,  and  the  law  of  nations;  he  published 
"Europe"  in  1821,  "America"  in  1827,  "New 
Views  on  Population"  in  1822,  a  volume  of  Essays 
in  1845;  also  a  small  volume  of  poems  and  other 
minor  publications;  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1826.  Died  in 
Canton,  China,  June  29,  1847. 


Everett,  Edward ;  was  born  in  Dorchester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April,  1794;  received  his  early  education 
at  Boston,  and  entered  Harvard  College  when  little 
more  than  thirteen  years  old,  leaving  it  with  first 
honors  four  years  later,  undecided  as  to  a  pursuit  for 
life;  ttrns  1  his  attention  for  two  years  to  the  profes 
sion  of  dLvinity;  in  1814  was  invited  to  accept  the 
new  Professorship  of  Greek  Literature  at  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  with  permission  to  visit  Europe;  ac 
cepted  the  office,  and  before  entering  on  its  duties, 
embarked  at  Boston  for  Liverpool;  passed  more  than 
two  years  at  the  famous  University  of  Gottingen,  en 
gaged  in  the  study  of  the  German  language  and  the 
branches  of  learning  connected  with  his  department; 
passed  the  winter  of  1817-18  at  Paris;  the  next  spring 
again  visited  London,  and  passed  a  few  weeks  at 
Cambridge  and  Oxford;  in  the  autumn  of  1818  re 
turned  to  the  continent,  and  divided  the  winter  be 
tween  Florence,  Rome,  and  Naples;  in  the  spring  of 
1819  made  a  short  tour  in  Greece;  came  home  in  1819, 
and  entered  at  once  upon  the  duties  of  his  professorship ; 
soon  after  his  return  he  became  the  editor  of  the 
North  American  Revieiv,  a  journal  which,  though  sup 
ported  by  writers  of  great  ability,  had  acquired  only 
a  limited  circulation ;  under  its  new  editor  the  demand 
increased  so  rapidly  that  a  second  and  sometimes  a 
third  edition  of  its  numbers  was  required;  in  1824 
delivered  the  annual  oration  before  the  Phi-Beta- 
Kappa  Society,  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts;   this 
was  the  first  of  a  series  of  orations  and  addresses  de 
livered  by  him  on  public  occasions  of  almost  every 
kind  during  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and  afterwards 
collected  in  several  volumes;  up  to  1824  he  had  taken 
no  active  interest  in  politics,  but  the  constituency  of 
Middlesex,   Massachusetts,  without  any  solicitation 
on  his  part,  returned  him  to  Congress;  for  ten  years 
he  sat  in  Congress,  and  was  a  working  member;  in 
1835  retired  from  Congress,  and  was,  lor  four  suc 
cessive  years,  chosen  Governor  of  Massachusetts;  in 
1841  was  appointed  to  represent  the  United  States  at 
the  Court  of  St.  James;  although  the  Secretaryship 
of  State  at  Washington  was  held  by  four  different 
statesmen,  of  various  politics,  during  his  mission,  he 
enjoyed  the  confidence  and  approbation  of  all;  his 
scholarship  was  recognized  by  the  bestowal  of  the 
degree  of  D.C.L.  by  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridge;   returned  to  America  in  1845,  and  was 
chosen  President  of  Harvard  College,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1849;  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Webster  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  State,  by  President  Fillmore, 
which  office  he  resigned  for  a  seat  in  the  Senate, 
serving  from  March,  1853,  to  May,  1854;  this  posi 
tion   he  also  resigned,  after  which  time,  although 
leading  the  quiet  life  of  a  scholar,  he  greatly  added 
to  his  reputation  by  delivering  orations  on  the  Life  of 
Washington,  and  on  other  topics,  all  being  for  chari 
table  purposes;  he  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster,  and  wrote  the  best  life  extant  of  that  dis 
tinguished  man,  whose  collected  writings  he  edited; 
in  1860  was  nominated  by  the  Union  party  as  their 
andidatefor  the  office  of  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  but  was  defeated.     Died  in  Boston,  January 
15,  1865.     His  last  public  position  was  that  of  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1864. 

Everett,  Horace  ;  was  a  native  of  Vermont;  was 
)orn  in  1780;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  settled  in 
Windsor,  and  distinguished  himself  as  one  of  the 
nost  successful  jury  advocates  in  Vermont ;  was 
State's  Attorney  for  Windsor  County  from  1813  to 
i817;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1819,  1820, 
.822,  1823,  1824,  and  1834;  was  a  prominent  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1828; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1843; 
lie  title  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  upon  him. 
Died  at  Windsor,  Vermont,  January  30,  1851. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


163 


Everhart,  James  Bo  wen ;  was  born  in  Ches 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania;  received  his  early  educa 
tion  at  Bolmar's  Academy,  at  West  Chester,  and 
graduated  from  Princeton  College  in  1842;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  commenced  prac 
tice  in  West  Chester;  three  years  later  went  to  Eu 
rope,  and,  after  several  months'  study  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Berlin,  traveled  extensively ;  in  1876  was 
elected  a  State  Senator,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress ;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Everhartt,  William;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1853  to  1855;  the  circumstance  is  related  . 
of  this  gentleman,  that  it  was  his  misfortune,  many 
years  ago,  to  be  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Ireland, 
where  he  and  five  other  survivors  were  treated  with 
great  kindness,  and  that  during  the  famine  in  Ireland 
a  few  years  ago,  he,  at  his  own  expense,  loaded  a  ship 
with  provisions  and  sent  her  to  Ireland,  by  way  of 
expressing  his  gratitude. 

Evins,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Spartanburg  Coun 
ty,  South  Carolina,  July  18,  1830;  graduated  at 
South  Carolina  College  in  1853;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1856;  served  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  served  as  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  for  two  terms; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Ewbank,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Barnard  Castle, 
Durham,  England,  March  11,  1792;  at  the  age  of  thir 
teen  was  apprenticed  to  a  tin  and  copper  smith;  emi 
grated  to  New  York  in  1819,  and  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  metallic  tubing  there;  retired  from 
the  business  in  1836  to  engage  in  literary  and  scien 
tific  pursuits;  published,  in  1840;  "  Descriptive  and 
Historical  Account  of  Hydraulic  and  other  Ma 
chines;"  in  1845  visited  Brazil,  and  published  "Life 
in  Brazil;"  was  Commissioner  of  Patents  from  1849 
to  1852;  published  "The  World  a  Workshop"  in 
1855;  "Thoughts  on  Matter  and  Force,"  in  1858; 
"Reminiscences  in  the  Patent  Office  "  in  1859;  con 
tributed  to  the  "Transactions  of  the  Franklin  Insti 
tute;"  his  "  Experiments  on  Marine  Propulsion,  or 
the  Virtue  of  Form  in  Propelling  Blades,"  was  re 
printed  in  Europe;  was  a  member  of  the  Commission 
to  report  upon  the  strength  of  the  marbles  used  in  the 
Capitol  Extension,  and  discovered  the  method  of 
greatly  increasing  the  resisting  power  of  building- 
stones;  was  the  founder  of  the  Ethnological  Society. 
Died  in  New  York,  September  16,  1870. 

Swing,  Andrew  ;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  wras  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1851 ;  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Ewing,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Burlington  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  July  8,  1780;  graduated  at  the  New 
Jersey  College  in  1798;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1802,  and  practiced  law  at  Trenton;  became  a  Coun 
cilor  in  1812;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  from  1824 
to  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey, 
August  5,  1832;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Jefferson  College. 

Ewing,  Edwin  H.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;   was 

a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from 

'  1845  to  1847;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Ewing,  Hugh ;  was  a  citizen  of  Kansas;  in  1866 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the  Netherlands, 
returning  to  the  United  States  in  1870. 


Swing1,  John ;  was  born  at  sea,  while  his  parents 
were  on  their  way  from  Ireland  to  Baltimore;  was 
bred  to  mercantile  pursuits,  but  acquired  a  taste  for 
literature;  served  in  both  branches  of  the  Legislature 
of  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  of  that  State  in 
Congress  from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1837  to 
1839.  Died  suddenly  and  alone,  at  Vincennes,  in 
the  winter  of  1857,  leaving  on  his  table  these  lines : 

"Here  lies  a  man  who  loved  Ins  friends. 
His  God,  his  country,  and  Vincennes." 

Swing,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Ewing1,  Presley;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  liber 
ally  educated;  twice  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Thirty-third  Congress.  Died  at  the  Mammoth 
Cave,  September  27,  1854. 

Swing,  Thomas  ;  was  born  near  West  Liberty, 
Ohio  County,  Virginia,  December  28,  1789;  received 
his  early  education  chiefly  from  an  elder  sister;  with 
his  father's  family,  settled  in  the  wild*  of  Ohio, 
about  1792,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a 
winter  school  and  an  academy;  his  life,  during  his 
youth  and  early  manhood,  was  one  of  continuous 
toil;  in  1814  was  a  school-teacher;  in  1815  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  the  Athens  Academy,  the 
first  ever  granted  in  Ohio;  studed  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1816,  practicing  with  success  in 
the  courts  of  Ohio  and  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States;  in  1830  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate  from  Ohio,  where  he  remained 
until  1837;  was  a  member  of  President  Harrison's 
Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  1841;  on  the 
accession  of  President  Taylor  to  the  Presidency,  in 
1849,  was  invited  into  the  Cabinet,  and  took  charge 
of  the  new  Department  of  the  Interior;  in  1850  was 
appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
where  he  remained  until  1851,  when  he  retired  from 
political  life  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Ohio;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Con 
gress"  of  1861;  also  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "National  Union  Convention"  in  1866,  but 
did  not  take  part  in  its  proceedings;  left  two  sons, 
who  have  been  distinguished  in  public  atfairs.  Died 
in  Lancaster,  Ohio,  October  26,  1871. 

Swing,  Thomas,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Lancaster, 
Ohio,  August  7,  1829;  was  educated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  and  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School;  was  ap 
pointed  the  Private  Secretary  of  President  Taylor  in 
1849;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1856;  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
Territory;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  new  State;  in  1862  entered  the  Union 
Army  as  a  Colonel,  and  after  participating  in  several 
campaigns  and  battles  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Major-General  in  1864;  after  the  Rebellion  settled  in 
Washington,  where  he  practiced  law;  returning  to 
Ohio,  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses. 

Ewing,  "William,  L.  D.;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Illinois,  by  appointment,  from  1836  to 
1837.  Died  March  25,  1846,  aged  fifty-one  years, 
while  holding  the  office  of  State  Auditor. 

Eyster,  C.  S.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
appointed  from  that  State  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  tor  the  Territory  of  Colorado, 
residing  in  Denver. 


164 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Fair,  Elisha  Y.;  was  a  citizen  of  Alabama,  and 
•in  1&58  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Belgium, 
remaining  in  that  position  until  1861. 

Fair,  James  Graham  ;  was  born  near  Belfast, 
Ireland,  December  3,  1831 ;  emigrated,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  the  United  States  in  1843,  and  settled  in 
Illinois;  received  a  good  education;  in  1849  removed 
to  California  and  engaged  in  mining;  in  1860  removed 
to  Nevada  and  became  interested  in  valuable  silver 
inines;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Nevada  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1881. 

Fairbanks,  Erastus ;  was  born  at  Brimfield, 
Massachusetts,  October  28,  1792;  received  a  common 
school  education;  taught  school  in  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vermont;  engaged  in  business,  and  in  1825  formed 
a  partnership  with  his  younger  brother  for  the  manu 
facture  of  platform  scales.  The  enterprise  proved 
successful,  and  gained  a  world-wide  reputation;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  1836  to  1838;  Pres 
ident  of  the  Passumpsic  and  Connecticut  River  Rail 
road  Company  in  1849;  Governor  of  Vermont  in  1852 
and  1833,  and  again  in  1860  and  1861.  Died  at  St. 
Johnsbury,  November  20,  1864. 

Fairbanks,  Horace ;  was  born  in  Barnet,  Ver 
mont,  March  21,  1820;  in  1825  removed,  with  his 
father's  family,  to  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont;  received 
a  common  school  and  academic  education;  in  1838 
became  a  clerk  and  agent  for  E.  and  T.  Fairbanks 
&  Co.,  the  great  scale  manufacturers;  in  1843  was 
admitted  to  a  partnership  in  the  firm;  afterwards 
became  President  of  the  E.  and  T.  Fail-bank's  Scale 
Company;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Director,  andVice- 
President  of  the  First  National  P.ank  of  St.  Johns- 
bury,  and  so  continued;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1868;  a  State  Senator  in  1869;  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Conventions  of  1864  and  1872; 
in  1876  was  elected  Governor  of  Vermont  and  served 
two  years. 

Fairchild,  Charles  S.;  was  born  at  Cazenovia, 
Madison  County,  New  York,  April  30,  1842;  his  early 
education  was  received  at  the  Cazenovia  Seminary; 
in  1859  entered  Harvard  College,  graduating  there 
from  in  1863,  and  from  Harvard  Law  School  in  1865; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  settled  at  Albany,  New 
York,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1874  was  appointed 
Deputy  Attorn ey-General  of  the  State  of  New  York; 
vipon  the  completion  of  his  term,  was  nominated  by 
his  party,  for  the  office  of  Attorney-General  and  was 
elected;  during  his  administration  of  this  office  the 
famous  "Canal  Ring"  suits  were  carried  to  a  suc 
cessful  issue  and  the  State  was  relieved  from  the 
machinations  of  this  clique  of  plunderers,  after  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  office  Mr.  Fairchild  spent 
two  years  in  European  travel  and  then  settled  in  New 
York  City  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1885 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department. 

Fairchild,  Lucius ;  was  born  at  Franklin  Mills, 
Portage  County,  Ohio,  December  27,  1831;  was  ap 
pointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Second  Iowa  Infantry 
in  June,  1861 ;  Captain  Sixteenth  United  States  In 
fantry,  August,  1861 ;  commanded  an  Iowa  regiment 
in  McClellan's  and  Pope's  campaigns,  and  was  made 
Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers  in  August,  1862;  was 
Secretary  of  State  of  Wisconsin  in  1864  and  1865,  and 
Governor  in  1866  and  1867;  in  1880  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain,  where  he  remained 
until  1882. 

Fairfield,  John ;  was  born  in  Saco,  Maine,  Jan 
uary  30,  1797;  received  a  common  school  education; 


studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826:  in 
1832  was  appointed  Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court;  from  1835  to  1839  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Maine:  was  Governor  of  the 
State  during  the  years  1839,'  1840,  1842,  and  1843; 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  1843,  to  fill  a 
vacancy;  in  1845  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six 
years.  Died  at  Washington,  December  24,  1847, 
after  a  surgical  operation  for  the  relief  of  a  local  com 
plaint. 

Faran,  James  J.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  resided  at 
Cincinnati;  was  a  Eepresentative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Thirtieth  Congress;  subsequently  became  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Cincinnati  Enquirer. 

Farlee,  Isaac  G-.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Farley,  E.  "Wilder;  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1818; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1836;  studied  la\vj 
was  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1845,  and  from  1851 
to  1853;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine 
from  1853  to  1855;  served  in  the  State  Senate  in 
1856. 

Farley,  James  Thompson  ;  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia,  August  6,  1829;  received  a  common  school 
education;  removed,  when  a  boy,  to  Missouri,  ami 
thence  to  California;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was 
a  member  of  the  California  Assembly  in  1855  and 
1856,  the  latter  year  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
elected  a  State  Senator  in  1860  and  served,  by  re- 
elections,  eight  years;  was  President  pro  tcm,  for  one 
session;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  California  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  Marc 
1879.  Died  at  Jackson,  California,  January  £ 
1886. 

Farlin,  Dudley  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1835  to  1837.  Died  at 
Warrensburg,  New  York,  September  26,  1837. 

Farnham,  Roswell ;  was  born  iu|  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July  23,  1827;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  in  1830,  and  thence  to 
Bradford,  Vermont,  in  1840;  received  an  academic 
and  collegiate  education,  graduating  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont  in  1849;  received  the  degree  of 
A.  M.,  from  that  institution,  in  1852;  taught  school; 
studied  law,  and  commenced  practice  at  Bradford  in 
1857;  was  elected  State's  Attorney  for  Orange  County 
in  1859,  and  re-elected  in  1860  and  1861 ;  served  in 
the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1863,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel;  was  elected  State  Sena 
tor  in  1868  and  1869;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education  in  1873,  1874,  and  1875;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1876,  and  a  Presidential  Elector  the  same  year;  was 
one  of  the  Elective  Trustees  of  the  University  of 
Vermont,  and  the  State  Agricultural  College;  was 
Governor  of  Vermont  from  1880  to  1882. 

Farnsworth,  John  F.;  was  born  in  the  town 
ship  of  Eaton,  Lower  Canada,  March  27,  1820;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Illinois,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  in 
1862  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  in  1861  took  part  in 
the  war  as  Colonel  of  Volunteers;  raised  and  took 
into  the  field  the  Eighth  Regiment  of  .Illinois  Cav 
alry,  serving  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  1863; 
in  1863  and  1864  raised  the  Seventeenth  Regiment  of 
Illinois  Volunteers  by  order  of  the  War  Department; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


•was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General  in  1862;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Appropriations,  the  South  Carolina  Mur 
ders,  and  Reconstruction,  and  as  a  liegent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Pittsburg  "Soldiers'  Convention "  of  1866;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Reconstruction  and  the  Post  Office;  re- 
elected  to  the  two  subsequent.  Congresses,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Post  Office  Committee. 

Farquhar,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Frederick 
County,  Maryland,  December  20,  1818;  removed  to 
Indiana  with  his  father's  family  in  1833;  from  1837 
to  1840  served  his  adopted  State  as  a  Civil  Engineer; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profession;  in  1842 
and  1843 -was  Secretary  of  the  Indiana  Senate;  was 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in 
1844;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in  18G1 
was  commissioned  as  Captain  in  the  Nineteenth 
United  States  Infantry,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  1864,  when  he  resigned;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post 
Office  and  Post  Roads,  and  on  the  Militia. 

Farquhar,  John  M.;  was  born  near  Ayr,  Scot 
land,  April  17,  1832;  was  educated  in  the  academy 
at  Ayr;  emigrated  to  the  United  States;  engaged  in 
the  occupation  of  a  printer;  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army,  in  Ib61,  as  a  private  in  the  Eighty-ninth  Illi 
nois  Infantry;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War,  ris 
ing  to  the  rank  of  Major,  and  acting  as  Judge-Advocate 
and  an  Inspector  on  Staff  Duty ;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  resumed  his  connection  with  the  press,  and  be 
came  an  editor  and  publisher;  afterwards  engaged  in 
the  business  of  manufacturing  lubricants;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Farr,  Evarts  W.;  was  born  at  Littleton,  New 
Hampshire,  October  10,  1840;  graduated  at  Thetford 
Academy,  Vermont,  in  1859,  and  entered  Dartmouth 
College;  entered  the  army  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Major;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1867;  was  appointed  Assessor  of  In 
ternal  Revenue  in  1870,  and  continued  to  serve  until 
the  office  was  abolished,  in  1873;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Grafton  County  in  1873  and  1876;  was 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress.  Died  November  30,  1880. 

Farrelly,  John  "W.;  was  the  son  of  Patrick  Far- 
relly,  and  was  born  in  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  in 
July,  1809;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1828;  a  State  Senator  from  1838  to  1841;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to 
1849;  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  from  1849  to 
1853.  He  was  a  man  of  marked  character.  Died  in 
Washington. 

Farrelly,  Patrick ;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1760; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  \vas  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1826.  Died 
January  12,  1826,  at  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  be 
fore  the  expiration  of  his  last  term  in  Congress. 

Farrington,  James  ;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1791;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1830,  1832,  and  1833;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  October  29,  1859. 

Farrow,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1760; 
served  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  was  wounded; 


studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1793; 
was  elected  to  Congress  IVorn  South  Carolina  as  a 
Representative  for  the  terms  from  1813  to  1817,  but 
resigned  in  1816;  served  in  the  State  Legislature 
from  1817  to  1821.  Died  at  Columbia,  November  18, 
1824. 

Far-well,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Painted  Post, 
New  York,  July  1,  1823;  educated  at  Elmira 
Academy;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1838;  was  em 
ployed  in  surveying  and  farming  until  1844,  when 
he  engaged  in  business  in  Chicago;  was  elected 
County  Clerk  in  1853,  and  re-elected  in  1857;  subse 
quently  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Equalization 
in  1867;  Chairman  of  Board  of  Supervisors  in  1868; 
was  appointed  National  Bank  Examiner  in  1869; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  two  succeeding 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Banking 
and  Currency,  and  Chairman  of  that  on  Manu 
factures;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress;  declined  a  re-nomin 
ation. 

Farwell,  Nathan  A.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Unity,  Maine,  in  1812;  received  a  public  school  edu 
cation;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1853, 
1854,  1861,  and  1862,  presiding  as  President  of  that 
body  during  the  latter  year;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1860,  1863,  and  1864;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Baltimore  Convention  in  1864;  in  October  of 
that  year  was  appointed,  and  soon  afterwards  elect 
ed,  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maine,  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  William  P.  Fessenden,  who  had  re 
signed,  taking  his  seat  during  the  second  session  of 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Farwell,  Sewall  S.;  was  born  in  Coshocton 
County,  Ohio,  April  26,  1834;  received  an  academic 
education;  in  1852  removed  to  Iowa,  and  engaged  in 
farming;  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  Union  Army 
from  1862  to  1865;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in 
1865  and  served  four  years;  was  Assessor  of  Internal 
Revenue  from  1869  to  1873;  was  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue  from  1875  to  1881;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Faulk,  Andrew  J. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota, 
in  1866,  residing  at  Yankton,  and  remaining  in  office 
until  1869. 

Faulkner,  Charles  J.;  was  born  in  Berkeley 
County,  Virginia,  about  the  year  1806;  received  a 
collegiate  education;  came  to  the  bar  in  1829;  in 
1832  and  1833  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates; 
soon  afterwards  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  report 
upon  the  boundary  between  Virginia  and  Maryland; 
in  1841  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Virginia,  and  in 
1848  was  again  elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates;  in 
1850  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  formed  to  re 
vise  the  Constitution  of  the  State;  in  1851  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  four 
successive  Congresses;  was,  during  the  first  session 
of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  to  inquire  into  the  sale  of  the  Fort  Snelling 
Reservation,  also  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs,  and  in  a  subsequent  Congress  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  in  Janu 
ary,  1860,  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Minister  to  France;  returned  to  America  in  1861, 
and  while  in  Washington,  closing  his  affairs,  w'as  ar 
rested  and  held  as  a  hostage  for  the  return  of  H.  S. 
Magraw,  of  Pennsylvania,  then  a  prisoner  in  Rich 
mond;  was  released  from  Fort  Warren  in  December; 
I  and  exchanged  for  Alfred  Ely,  a  member  of  Congress, 


166 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


in  the  civil  war  acted  as  Chief  of  Staff  for  General 
Stonewall  Jackson,  and  wrote  all  his  reports  and  dis 
patches;  in  1872  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
frame  a  Constitution  for  West  Virginia;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Faxon,  William ;  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  April  17,  1822;  brought  up  as  a  printer  in 
the  office  of  the  Hartford  Courant,  of  which  paper  he 
subsequently  became  one  of  the  editors  and  propri- 
tetors;  in  1856  established  the  Hartford  Press,  the  first 
Republican  paper  in  Connecticut;  was  Chief  Clerk  of 
the  Navy  Department  from  1861  to  1866,  and  Assist 
ant  Secretary  of  the  Navy  from  1866  to  1869,  when 
he  retired. 

Fay,  Francis  B.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1842 
and  1845;  Mayor  of  Chelsea  in  1857;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1852 
to  1853. 

Fay,  John  ;  was  born  in  Worcester  County,  Mas 
sachusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1819  to  1821. 

Fay,  Jonas ;  was  born  at  Hardwick,  Massachu 
setts,  January  17,  1737;  received  a  good  education, 
and  became  clerk  of  a  Massachusetts  Company  at 
Fort  Edward  in  1756;  removed  to  Benningtou  in 
1766;  was  agent  of  the  settlers  on  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Grants  in  1772,  to  confer  with  Governor  Tryon, 
of  New  York,  during  the  contest  between  that  State 
and  Great  Britain  in  the  organization  of  the  State 
Government,  and  was  Clerk  to  the  Convention  oi 
1774;  was  Surgeon  at  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga: 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  of  1777,  which  de 
clared  Vermont  a  State,  and  was  author  of  the  Decla 
ration  submitted  to  Congress;  was  Secretary  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  that  year,  and  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  member  of  the 
State  Council  from  1778  to  1785;  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  in  1782 ;  Judge  of  Probate  from  1772  to 
1787;  Agent  of  the  State  to  Congress  in  1777,  1779, 
1781,  and  1782.  Died  at  Bennington,  Vermont, 
March  6,  1818. 

Fay,  Theodore  Sedgwick ;  was  born  in  New 
York  February  10,  1807;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1838;  preferred  a  literary  life,  and  became  editor  of 
the  New  York  Mirror;  in  1832  published  "Dreams 
and  Reveries  of  a  Quiet  Man;"  in  1833  went  to 
Europe;  spent  three  years  there,  and  wrote  the  "Min 
ute  Book, "  a  journal  of  travels;  his  first  novel,  "Nor 
man  Leslie,"  was  published  in  1835;  was  United 
States  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Berlin  from  1837  to 
1853;  Resident  Minister  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  from 
1853  to  1860;  his  other  publications  were  "The 
Countess  Ida,"  in  1840;  "Hoboken,"  in  1843; 
"  Ulric,  or  the  Voices,"  a  poem,  in  1851;  "Sidney 
Clifton,"  in  1839;  "Robert  Rueful,"  in  1844; 
"Views  of  Christianity, "  in  1856;  a  series  of  papers 
on  Shakespeare,  and  a  variety  of  fugitive  pieces  in 
prose  and  verse,  and  a  "  History  of  Switzerland. " 

Fearing1,  Paul ;  was  born  in  Wareham,  Massa 
chusetts,  February  28,  1762;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1785;  studied  law,  and  emigrated  to 
Ohio,  where  he  became  distinguished  in  his  profes 
sion;  settled  in  Marietta  in  1788,  after  performing 
the  journey  from  Baltimore  over  the  mountains  on 
foot;  soon  after  his  arrival  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  Washington  County  in  that 
Territory;  in  1797  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate 
for  his  county ;  was  a  member  of  the  first  Legislative 
Council  of  Ohio  in  1799;  in  1801  was  chosen  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  serving  until  1803;  in  1814  was 


appointed  Master  Commissioner  in  Chancery,  and 
from  1810  to  1817  was  Judge  in  one  of  the  State 
Courts;  in  1808  engaged  extensively  in  the  raising  of 
Merino  sheep,  producing  the  best  description  of  wool, 
and  stimulating  others  to  engage  in  the  business. 
Died  August  21,  1822. 

Fearn,  Walter;  was  born  at  Huntsville,  Ala 
bama,  January  13,  1832;  in  1834  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Mobile,  Alabama;  received  his  early  edu 
cation  at  the  private  academy  of  Doctor  Norman 
Pinney,  an  eminent  classical  scholar;  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  with  high  honors  in  1851 ;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Mobile,  in  1853;  in 
1854  went  as  Secretary  to  the  United  States  Minister 
to  Belgium;  in  1856  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Legation  of  the  United  States  at  Mexico;  resigned  in 
1859  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Mobile ;  was 
in  Europe  as  Secretary  of  the  first  Confederate  Com 
mission  when  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  in  1861; 
resigned  and  returned  to  the  United  States  to  enter 
the  army,  running  the  blockade  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  under  heavy  fire,  and  was  wrecked  under 
the  guns  of  Fort  Moultrie;  escaped,  and  was  com 
missioned  Captain  and  appointed  on  the  staff  of 
General  Johnston;  was  again  sent  to  Europe  with 
Colonel  Lamar;  on  his  return  was  sent  on  a  special 
mission  to  Mexico  under  General  Preston,  upon 
whose  staff  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  with 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1866  removed  to 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  and  continued  the  practice 
of  law;  was  Professor  of  Spanish  and  Italian  in  the 
University  of  Louisiana,  when,  in  1885,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United  States  Min 
ister  Resident  and  Consul  General  to  Greece,  Rou- 
mania,  and  Servia. 

Featherston,  W.  S. ;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  on 
taking  up  his  residence  in  Mississippi,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1817  to  1851;  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  Brigadier-General. 

Felch,  Alpheus ;  was  born  in  Limerick,  York 
County,  Maine,  September  28,  1806;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a  profes 
sion;  emigrated  to  Michigan  when  quite  young;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1836  and  1837; 
was  appointed  Bank  Commissioner  of  Michigan  in 
1838,  and  resigned  in  1839;  for  a  short  time  in  1842 
was  Auditor  General  of  the  State,  but  relinquished 
that  position  for  a  seat  on  the  Bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Michigan;  in  1845  was  elected  Governor; 
resigned  in  1847,  and  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  for  six  years;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  settle  Land 
Claims  in  California,  under  the  Act  of  Congress,  and 
the  Treaty  of  Guadalnpe  Hidalgo,  in  March.  1853, 
the  business  of  which  commission  was  closed  by 
disposing  of  all  the  cases  before  it  in  March,  1856; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864. 

Felder,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Orangeburg  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  July  7,  1782;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1804;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1808;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assem 
bly  in  1812,  and  subsequently  of  the  Senate;  was  a 
Trustee  of  South  Carolina  College;  served  as  a  Major 
of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at  Union 
Point,  September  1,  1851. 

Fell,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1780. 

Felton,  Charles  1ST. ;  was  born  in  Erie  County, 
New  York,  in  1832;  received  an  academic  education; 
took  the  California  gold  fever,  in  1849,  and  went  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


167 


Marysville,  in  California,  where  he  worked  at  mining 
for  a  time;  in  1856  was  Under-Sheriff  of  Yuba  County, 
California;  in  1857,  was  elected  Tax  Collector  of  that 
county;  served  two  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the 
California  Legislature;  served  as  officer  of  the  United 
States  Mint,  at  San  Francisco,  for  six  years,  a  part  of 
the  time  as  Assistant  Treasurer,  and  the  remainder  as 
Treasurer  of  the  Mint;  in  1884,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Fenn,  Stephen  S.;  was  born  at  Watertown, 
Connecticut,  March  28,  1820;  removed  to  Niagara 
County,  New  York,  in  1824;  received  a  common  school 
education;  in  1841  removed  to  Jackson  County,  Iowa, 
and  there  held  several  county  offices;  in  1850  removed 
to  California  and  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  thence, 
in  1862,  to  that  part  of  Washington  Territory  which 
became  a  part  of  the  Territory  of  Idaho  upon  the 
organization  of  that  Territory,  in  1863;  engaged  in 
mining,  and  practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  of  Idaho  in  1864  and  1865;  Dis 
trict  Attorney  in  1869;  again  in  the  Assembly  in 
1872,  and  served  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives;  turned  his  attention  to  agriculture;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  from  Idaho  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Fenner,  Arthur ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1745:  his  ancestors  were  among  the  earli 
est  inhabitants  of  Providence;  was  Clerk  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  the  State;  was  chosen  Governor  in 
1789.  and  served  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
Providence,  October  15,  1805. 

Fenner,  James ;  was  born  in  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1771;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1789,  from  which  institution  he  received  the  degree 
ot'LL.  D. ;  was,  for  more  than  half  a  century,  actively 
connected  with  the  public  affairs  of  his  native  State; 
was  United  States  Senator  from  1805  to  1807,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  which 
office  he  held  for  four  years;  again  elected  in  1824, 
and  served  seven  years,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1844;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1821,  1827,  and 
1837;  was  President  of  the  Convention  that  formed 
the  State  Constitution  in  1842.  Died  at  Providence, 
April  17,  1846. 

Fenton,  Reuben  E.;  was  born  in  Carroll,  Chau- 
tauqua  County,  New  York,  July  1,  1819;  was  edu 
cated  at  Pleasant  Hill  and  Fredonia  Academies; 
studied  law,  but  pursued  the  avocation  of  a  mer 
chant;  in  1843  was  elected  Supervisor  of  the  town  of 
Carroll;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
third  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  from  New  York, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims ;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means;  resigned  to  accept  the  Govern 
orship  of  New  York  for  1865  and  1866,  to  which  he 
had  been  elected ;  was  re-elected  to  the  same  position ; 
in  1869  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
term  ending  in  1875.  Died  at  Jamestown,  New 
York,  August  25,  1885. 

Ferdon,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Piermont,  New 
York,  in  1828;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College,  New 
Jersey,  in  1847;  graduated  in  law  in  1851;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1855;  a 
State  Senator  in  1856  and  1857;  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Conventions  of  1864  and  1876; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress.  Died  August  6,  1884. 


Ferguson,  Fenner;  was  born  in  Rensselaet 
County,  New  York,  April  25,  1814;  his  education 
was  academic;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was 
Master  in  Chancery  in  Albany,  New  York,  in  1844; 
also  Master  in  Chancery  in  Michigan;  a  member  of 
the  Michigan  Legislature,  and  Prosecuting  Attorney ; 
June  29,  1854,  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory  of  Nebraska,  which 
office  he  resigned,  after  being  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  that  Territory.  Died 
at  Bellevue,  Nebraska  Territory,  in  November,  1859. 

Ferrell,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  at  Glassboro, 
New  Jersey,  June  20,  1844;  was  principally  self-edu 
cated;  was  employed  in  a  glass  factory  from  his  boy 
hood;  was  a  member  of  a  Township  Committee  in 
1872  and  1873;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  public  schools 
from  1874  to  1879;  was  a  member  of  the  State  As 
sembly  in  1879  and  1880;  a  State  Senator  in  1881 ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress.  . 

Ferris,  Charles   Gr. ;  was  born  in  New  York ;     >^ 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State      A  N 


from  1841  to  1843. 


Ferriss,  Orange;  was  born  at  Glenn's  Falls, 
Warren   County,    New   York,    November   26,    1814; 
graduated   at  the   University  of  Vermont  in  1836 ;v 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  in  1841  was 
appointed  Surrogate  of  his  county  for  four  years;  inv-, 
1851  was  elected,  under  the  new  Constitution,  Judge 
of  Warren  County,  and  twice  re-elected,  holding  the 
office  twelve  years  in  all ;  towards  the  close  of  the 
Rebellion  was  appointed  Provost-Marshal  for  his  dis 
trict,  but  declined;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative    from    New   York   to  the   Fortieth    Congress,       J 
serving  on  the   Committees   on   Revision   of  Laws, 
Mines   and    Mining,    and   Weights   and    Measures;  v 
was    re-elected    to  the    Forty -first    Congress,    and         x 
made  Chairman   of  the  Committee  on   Mines   and\. 
Mining;  was  subsequently  appointed  on  a  commis-      V 
sion  to  adjudicate  Southern  claims;  in  May,  1880,     / 
was  appointed  Second  Auditor  of  the  United  States/ 
Treasury.  •    / 

Ferry,  Orris  S.;  was  born  in  Bethel,  Connecticut, 
August  15,  1823;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1844; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846;  in 
1847  received  the  appointment  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  First  Division  Connecticut  Militia;  in  1849 
was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  the  District  of 
Norwalk;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1855 
and  1856;  in  1856  was  appointed  State's  Attorney  for 
the  county  of  Fairfield,  which  position  he  continued 
to  fill  until  1859,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  from  Connecticut, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty- 
three  on  the  Rebellious  States;  served  with  distinc 
tion  as  a  Colonel  and  Brigadier-General  in  the  war 
for  the  Union ;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  the  term  commencing  March,  1867,  and  ending  in 
1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private  Land 
Claims,  Patents  and  the  Patent  Office,  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds,  and  Territories;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866 
and  to  the  "Soldiers'  Convention,"  held  at  Pitts- 
burg;  in  1872  was  re-elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  six  years,  for  a  second  full  term,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents.  Died  in 
South  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  November  21,  1875. 

Ferry,  Thomas  "W.;  was  born  in  Mackinac, 
Michigan,  June  1,  1827;  was  self-educated;  in  1850 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1856;  for  eight  years  was  an  active  member 


168 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


of  the  Republican  State  Committee;  was  a  Delegate- 
at-Large  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1860,  and 
a  Vice-President;  in  1863  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  for  Michigan  of  the  Soldiers'  National  Ceme 
tery  at  Gettysburg;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Michigan  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post  Office  and 
Post  Roads,  the  Militia,  and  the  War  Debts  of  Loyal 
States;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal 
ists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -iirst  and  Forty- 
second  Congresses,  but  did  not  take  his  seat  in  the 
latter,  as  he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Rules,  and  on  those  on  Finance  and 
Post  Office;  during  the  second  session  of  the  Forty- 
third  Congress  was  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern.; 
•was  re-elected  Senator  for  the  term  ending  in  1883. 

Fessenden,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  New 
Gloucester,  Maine,  March  7,  1815;  graduated  at  Bo w- 
doin  College  in  1834,  and  completed  his  education  at 
the  Baugor  Theological  Seminary  in  1837;  in  1838 
was  ordained  and  installed  as  Pastor  of  the  Second 
Congregational  Church  in  Thomaston,  now  Rockland, 
and  dismissed,  at  his  own  request,  in  1856;  during 
that  year  he  established  the  Maine  Evangelist;  in  1858 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  soon  after  was 
elested  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Rockland; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  Government 
Employes,  and  Unfinished  Business;  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  of  the 
Patent  Office. 

Fessenden,  T.  A.  D.;  was  born  in  Portland, 
Maine.  January  23,  1826;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1845;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  nominated 
General  Fremont  for  President;  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed  Aid -de-camp  to  the  Governor  of  Maine;  in 
1860  was  elected  to  the  Maine  Legislature;  in  1861 
was  chosen  Attorney  for  the  county  of  Androscoggin, 
which  position  he  held  until  1862,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  for  the  un expired  term  of  C.  W. 
Walton,  resigned,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims.  Died  in  Lewiston,  Maine, 
September  28,  1868. 

Fessenden,  William  Pitt;  -was  born  in  Bos- 
cawen,  New  Hampshire,  October  16,  1806;  graduated 
at  Bowdoin  College  in  1823;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Portland  in  1827;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1832  .and  in  1840; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843, 
declining  further  service;  was  again  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1845  and  1846,  and  in  1853  and  1854; 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  six  years,  from 
March,  1853,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Finance;  in  1859  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Finance,  on  the  Library  Committee,  and  also  as 
a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  was  a  mem 
ber  in  1832  of  the  Convention  which  nominated 
Henry  Clay  for  President,  and  also  of  the  Conven 
tions  which  nominated  Generals  Taylor  and  Scott. 
During  the  summer  of  1858  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoin  College,  of  which 
institution  he  was  a  Trustee;  was  also  a  member  of 
the  "Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  in  September,  1864, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  in  the  place  of  S.  P.  Chase,  resigned; 
soon  afterwards  received  from  Harvard  University 


the  degree  of  LL.D;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1865  and  end 
ing  in  1871;  resigned  his  position  in  the  cabinet, 
and  resumed  his  seat  in  the  Senate  March  4,  1865, 
and  was  again  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Committee 
on  Finance;  at  the  succeeding  session  of  Congress  was 
made  Chairman  of  the  Special  Joint  Committee 
on  Reconstruction,  so  called,  and  was  the  author  of 
the  report  of  that  Committee,  recommending  an 
Amendment  to  the  Constitution ;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  and  of  that 
on  the  Library,  and  made  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Died  in  Port 
land,  September  8,  1869. 

Few,  "William ;  was  born  in  Maryland,  June  8, 
1748;  when  ten  years  of  age  removed,  with  his  father, 
to  North  Carolina,  where  he  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  was  a  Colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  Army,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  several  actions  with  the 
British  and  Indians;  settled  in  Georgia  in  1776;  in 
1778  was  Surveyor-General  of  the  State,  and  Presid 
ing  Judge  of  the  Richmond  County  Court;  in  1780 
was  sent  as  Delegate  to  Congress,  and  remained  in 
that  body  until  the  peace;  was  again  appointed  in 
1786;  in  the  next  year  assisted  in  forming  the  Na 
tional  Constitution,  which  he  duly  signed;  after  its 
adoption  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving 
from  1789  to  1793;  in  1796  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
of  Georgia;  subsequently  served  upon  the  Bench  in 
the  Legislature  of  that  State;  during  the  latter  years 
of  his  life  resided  in  the  city  of  New  York,  of  which 
he  was  Mayor;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New 
York;  also  held  the  office  of  Commissioner  of  Loans. 
Died  at  Fishkill,  New  York,  July  16,  1828. 

Ficklin,  Orlando  B.;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
born  in  1808;  received  a  plain  English  education; 
studied  law,  and  graduated  at  the  Transylvania  Law 
School;  commenced  to  practice  in  1830,  in  Moiint 
Carmel,  Illinois;  in  1834  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature:  was  Attorney  for  the  AVabash  Circuit  in  1835; 
in  1838  and  in  18-12  was  again  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture;  in  1843  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Illinois,  serving  six  consecutive  years,  and 
was  again  elected  in  1850;  in  1853  was  Colonel  of 
Militia;  in  1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

Fiedler,  William  H.  P.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  August  25,  1847;  at  the  age  Of  fifteen  Avas  ap 
prenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  hat-finisher;  on  reaching 
his  majority  became  a  clerk  in  a  hat  store;  four  years 
later  embarked  in  the  hat  and  cap  business  at  New 
ark,  New  Jersey,  and  was  very  successful;  in  1876 
was  elected  an  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Newark;  in 
1877  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878;  in  the  same  year 
was  again  elected  Alderman;  in  1879  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Newark,  serving  two  years;  was  unani 
mously  re-nominated  in  1881,  but  was  defeated;  in 
1882  was,  a  third  time,  elected  to  the  State  Assem 
bly,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Field,  David  Dudley;  was  born  at  Haddam, 
Connecticut,  February  13,  1805;  in  1809  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Stockbridge,  Massachusetts;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education,  graduating  at  Williams 
College  in  1824;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1828  and  commenced  practice  in  New  York 
City;  in  1857  was  appointed,  by  the  Legislature, 
Chairman  of  a  Commission  to  prepare  a  new  code  of 
laws;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  oc 
casioned  by  the  resignation  of  Smith  Ely,  Jr. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


169 


Field,  Maunsell  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  man  of  culture  and  an  author  of  some  reputation; 
was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  in  1864.  Died  in  New  York  before  the  close 
of  that  year. 

Field,  Moses  W.;  was  born  in  Watertown,  Jeff 
erson  County,  New  York,  February  10,  1828;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  worked  on  a  farm;  removed 
to  Michigan,  and  was  a  merchant  in  Detroit  for 
twenty-five  years  ;  was  elected  Alderman  and 
served  two  terms;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
School  Inspectors;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Education  and 
Labor  and  Manufactures;  in  1875  presented  to  the 
city  of  Detroit  a  lot  of  forty  acres  of  land  for  a  pub"- 
lic  park. 

Field,  Richard  S.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey ;  held 
a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate  from  that  State, 
for  a  few  months,  in  1862  and  1863,  by  appointment, 
in  place  of  J.  R.  Thompson,  deceased ;  was  then  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  New 
Jersey;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal 
ists' Convention"  of  18G6.  Died  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  May  25,  1870. 

Field,  Stephen  J.;  was  born  in  Haddam,  Con 
necticut,  November  4,  1816;  a  son  of  David  Dudley 
Field;  while  yet  a  youth  traveled  in  Europe  and  the 
East;  graduated  at  Williams  College  in  1837;  studied 
law  in  New  York  City  with  his  brother,  David  Dud 
ley,  Jr.,  with  whom  he  formed  a  law  partnership;  in 
1848  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe;  toward  the  close 
of  1849  went  to  California;  in  January,  1850,  was 
elected  First  Alcalde  of  the  city  of  Marysville  and 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  October  of 
the  same  year  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  where 
he  took  a  leading  part  in  modeling  the  judicial  sys 
tem  of  the  State;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  California  for  six  years,  and  was 
elevated  to  the  position  of  Chief  Justice;  in  1863  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  in  the  discharge 
of  his  official  duties,  he  was  obliged  to  travel,  an 
nually,  over  thirteen  thousand  miles;  brother  of 
Cyrus  W.  Field,  the  distinguished  projector  of  the 
Atlantic  telegraph. 

Field,  Walbridge  A.;  was  born  at  Springfield, 
Vermont,  April  26,  1833;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1855;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Boston  Massachusetts,  in  I860,  and  com 
menced  practice  there;  was  Assistant  United  States 
Attorney  from  1865  to  1869;  was  then  appointed 
Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States;  re 
signed  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  but  his 
seat  was  successfully  contested  by  Benjamin  Dean; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Fields,  William  C.;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  February  13,  1804;  received  a  common 
school  education:  adopted  the  business  of  a  merchant 
and  a  manufacturer;  was  for  three  years  Clerk  of 
Otsego  County,  sixteen  years  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  the  Town  of  Laurens  and  subsequently  Supervisor 
of  the  town;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Accounts. 

Fillmore,  Millard;  was  born  January  7,  1800, 
at  Summer  Hill,  Cayuga  County,  in  the  State  of 
New  York;  at  an  early  age  was  sent  to  Livingston 
County,  at  that  time  a  wild  region,  to  learn  the 
clothier's  trade,  and  about  four  mouths  later  was 


apprenticed  to  a  wool-carder  in  the  town  in  which 
his  father  lived;  during  the  four  years  that  he  worked 
at  his  trade  he  did  what  he  could  to  supply  the  de 
fects  of  his  early  education ;  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  devoted  a  portion 
of  his  time  to  teaching  school;  in  1821  removed  to 
Erie  County,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  in  the 
city  of  Buffalo;  two  years  later  was  admitted  to  the 
Common  Pleas,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  tlie 
law  at  Aurora,  in  the  same  county;  in  1827  was  ad 
mitted  as  an  Attorney,  and  in  1829  as  a  Councilor  in 
the  Supreme  Court;  in  the  following  year  removed  to 
Buffalo;  his  political  life  commenced  with  his  elec 
tion  to  the  State  Assembly,  in  which  he  took  his  seat 
in  1829;  in  1832  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  took 
his  seat  in  the  following  year;  in  1835,  at  the  close 
of  his  term  in  office,  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law; 
was  again  elected  to  Congress  in  1837;  during  this 
term  he  took  a  more  prominent  part  in  the  business 
of  the  House  than  during  his  former  term,  and  was 
assigned  a  place  on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  was 
successively  re-elected  to  the  Twenty-sixth  and 
Twenty-seventh  Congresses;  at  the  close  of  the  first 
session  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress  declined  a 
re-election,  returned  to  Buffalo,  and  a<gain  devoted 
himself  to  his  profession;  in  1847  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  Comptroller  of  the  State;  in  1848  was  nomin 
ated  by  the  Whigs  as  their  candidate  for  Vice- 
President,  and  was  elected  to  that  office  in  the 
autumn  of  the  same  year;  in  March,  1849,  resigned 
his  office  as  Comptroller,  to  assume  the  duties  of 
his  new  position,  where  he  remained  until  the  death 
of  President  Taylor  in  July,  1850,  by  which  he  was 
elevated  to  the  Presidency ;  his  term  of  office  expired 
March  4,  1852;  after  his  retirement  from  public  life 
he  visited  Europe;  in  1869  was  President  of  the  Com 
mercial  Convention,  at  Louisville,  Kentucky.  Died 
at  Bui'falo,  March  8,  1872. 

Finch,  Isaac ;  was  a  native  of  New  York ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1822  and 
1824;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1829  to  1831. 

Findlay,  James ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  about  1775;  emigrated  to  Cincinnati 
in  1793;  was  one  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  the 
Territory  in  1798;  a  prominent  Democratic  leader; 
often  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys  in  Cincinnati  District  from  the  first 
establishment  of  Land  Offices  until  1824;  was  Colonel 
of  the  Second  Ohio  Volunteers  in  1812,  serving  under 
General  Hull  at  Detroit;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1825  to  1833;  was  Candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  in  1834.  Died  at  Cincinnati,  December  28. 
1835. 

Findlay,  John  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  brother  of  James  and  Wil 
liam  Findlay,  who  also  were  in  Congress;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1823  to  1827. 

Findlay,  John  V.  L. ;  was  born  near  Williams- 
port,  Maryland,  December  21,  1839;  was  prepared 
for  college  at  Williamsport;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1858;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1860,  and  settled 
there  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1861  and  1«G2;  in  1866  was 
appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  at  Balti 
more  ;  was,  for  several  years,  a  Director,  on  the  part 
of  the  City  of  Baltimore  and  the  State  of  Maryland, 
in  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Company;  was 
City  Solicitor  from  1876  to  1878;  was  the  orator  for 
Maryland  at  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  1876;  was 


170 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth 
Congress. 

Findlay,  William;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  Governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1817  to  1820;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1821  to  1827.  Died  November 
14,  1846,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Findlay,  William ;  came  in  early  life  from 
Ireland ;  in  the  Revolution  engaged  with  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  his  adopted  country,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  removed  to  Pennsylvania;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  new  Constitution  of 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1791  to  1799,  and  from  1803  to  1817 ;  opposed 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Adams,  and  supported  Mr. 
Jefferson ;  published  a  ' '  Review  of  the  Funding  Sys 
tem  ' '  in  1794,  and  a  ' '  History  of  the  insurrection  of 
the  Four  Western  Counties  of  Pennsylvania,"  in 
1796.  Died  at  Unity  Township,  Greensburg,  April 
5,  1821,  aged  upwards  of  seventy. 

Fine,  John  ;  was  born  in  New  York,  August  26, 
1784;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York,  in 
1809;  studied  law  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and 
settled  in  St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York;  was  a 
Judge  in  that  county  for  eighteen  years,  from  1821 
to  1839,  and  again  in  1844;  was  County  Treasurer 
from  1821  to  1833;  a  State  Senator  in  1848;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1839  to  1841 ;  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  law  lectures.  Died  in  Ogdens- 
burg,  January  4,  1867. 

Finerty,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Gal  way,  Ireland, 
September  10,  1846;  was  educated  mainly  by  private 
tutors;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  settling 
in  New  York;  joined  the  State  Militia;  volunteered 
under  the  last  call  of  President  Lincoln  for  one 
hundred  days'  service  in  1864;  subsequently  en 
gaged  in  journalism  and  settled  in  Chicago,  Illi 
nois;  was  field  correspondent  of  the  Chicago  Times 
in  four  Indian  wars,  including  the  campaign  against 
Sitting  Bull  in  1876,  and  the  famous  Sibley  scout 
in  the  Big  Horn  Mountains;  narrowly  escaped 
massacre  in  the  last  campaign;  traveled  in  Mexico 
and  the  various  States  and  Territories  of  the  United 
States  until  1881;  never  held  political  office  until 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Fink,  William  E.;  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1822; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that 
State  when  twenty -one  years  of  age;  in  1851  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio;  in  1852  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Convention  which  nominated  General 
Scott  for  the  Presidency;  in  1861  was  again  elected  a 
State  Senator;  in  1862  was  chosen  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Offices  and 
Post  Roads;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post  Office  and 
Post  Roads,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  also  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

Finkelnburg,  GK  A.;  was  born  near  Cologne,  in 
Prussia,  April  6,  1837;  emigrated  with  his  family  to 
this  country  in  1848,  and  settled  in  Missouri;  at 
tended  the  St.  Charles  College,  in  Missouri,  and  gradu 
ated  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  Ohio  University, 
at  Cincinnati,  in  1859;  came  to  the  bar  in  1860; 
served  one  year  in  the  Volunteer  Army  during  the 
Rebellion;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1864;  re-elected,  and  acted  as  Speaker  pro  tcm.;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 


the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Commerce  and  Revision  of  Laws;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress. 

Finley,  Ebenezer  B.;  was  born  at  Orrville,  Ohio, 
July  31,  1833;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice, 
in  1862,  at  Bucyrus,  Ohio;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
as  an  officer  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Finney,  Darwin  A. ;  was  born  in  Shrewsbury, 
Vermont,  in  1814;  removed  to  Pennsylvania  when 
young,  and  graduated  at  Meadville  College;  received 
a  good  education;  studied  law  and  devoted  himself 
to  the  practice  of  the  profession;  was  a  member  for 
several  years  of  the  Assembly  and  Senate  of  Pennsy  L- 
vania;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
that  State  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department. 
Died  in  Europe,  July  25,  1868. 

Fish,  Hamilton ;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
August  3,  1808;  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in 
1827;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1830;  was 
for  several  years  a  Commissioner  of  Deeds  for  the 
City  and  County  of  New  York;  in  1837  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  in  1847  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was  Governor  of 
New  York  from  1848  to  1850;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1851  to  1857;  in  1862  was  appointed  one 
of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  to  relieve  Union  prison 
ers  in  the  Southern  States,  and  succeeded  in  negotiat 
ing  an  exchange  of  prisoners;  in  1869  went  into  the 
Cabinet  of  President  Grant  as  Secretary  of  State; 
took  a  conspicuous  part  in  negotiating  a  settlement 
of  the  Alabama  Claims  and  one  or  two  important 
treaties  in  1871  and  1872;  from  the  time  he  left  the 
Senate  until  he  became  Secretary  of  State  he  traveled 
in  Europe  and  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  the  cultiva 
tion  of  his  taste  for  art  and  literature,  and  was  for  a 
time  President  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society; 
his  father,  Nicholas,  was  a  man  of  ability,  distin 
guished  as  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  sub 
sequently  attained  the  rank  of  Adjutant-General; 
was  a  personal  friend  of  Washington,  whose  confi 
dence  he  possessed  in  a  high  degree. 

Fish,  Nicholas  ;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
February  19,  1846;  graduated  from  Columbia  Col 
lege  in  1867,  and  from  Harvard  Law  School  in  1869; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  latter  year,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  city;  in 
1871  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  Legation 
at  Berlin,  Germany;  in  1874  was  promoted  to  the 
post  of  Secretary  of  that  Embassy;  frequently  acted 
as  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Switzerland  from  1877  to  1881, 
when  he  resigned;  in  1882  was  appointed  Minister 
Resident  to  Belgium. 

Fisher,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina,  October  20,  1789;  received  an  aca 
demic  education,  and  studied  law,  but  did  not  practice 
to  any  extent;  commenced  public  life  by  going  into 
the  State  Senate  in  1818,  and  in  1819  was  elected  to 
Congress  from  North  Carolina;  in  1821  was  again, 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  where  he  served 
almost  continuously  until  1836;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Convention  to  amend  the  State  Constitution  in 
1835;  from  1839  to  1841  was  again  a  Representative 
in  Congress.  Died  at  Hillsborough,  Scott  County, 
Mississippi,  May  7,  1849,  while  returning  home  from 
an  extended  tour  in  the  South-west. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


171 


Fisher,  David ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Pennsylvania,  December  3, 1794;  received  an  English 
education,  chiefly  in  a  log  school  house;  was  reared 
to  clearing  land  and  farming  in  Ohio;  was  also  a 
lay  preacher;  in  1842  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Ohio;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847;  his  chair  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  was  next  to  that  of  the  late  John 
Quincy  Adams,  and  when  that  great  statesman 
fainted  at  his  desk,  two  days  before  his  death,  he  fell 
into  the  arms  of  Mr.  Fisher. 

Fisher,  Georg-e  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1830;  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  from  Tioga  County,  in 
1835. 

Fisher,  Georg-e  P.;  was  born  in  Milford,  Kent 
County,  Delaware,  October  13,  1817;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1838;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  in  1840 
was  Clerk  of  the  Delaware  Senate;  in  1843  and  1844 
was  elected  to  the  Delaware  House  of  Representatives; 
in  1846  became  Secretary  of  State  of  Delaware;  in 

1849  went  into  the  State  Department  at  Washington 
as  the  Confidential  Clerk   of  Secretary  Clayton;  in 

1850  was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  a  Commis 
sioner  to  settle  claims  against  Brazil,    which  office 
expired  in  1852;  from  1857  to  1860  held  the  position 
of  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of  Delaware;  was 
elected  .a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh   Congress,    serving  as  a  member   of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Aifairs ;  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  for  the   District  of  Columbia,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  accept  that  of  District  Attor 
ney;  was  removed  from  office  in  1875. 

Fisher,  Hendrick;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
.Jersey  to  the  Colonial  Congress  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1765. 

Fisher,  Horatio  GK;  was  born  at  Huntingdon, 
Pennsylvania,  April  21,  1838;  graduated  at  La  Fay- 
ette  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1855;  engaged  in  vari 
ous  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  Councils  from  1862  to 
1865;  County  Auditor  from  1865  to  1868;  Burgess 
from  1874  to  1877;  in  1876  was  elected  a  State  Sena 
tor  for  the  term  of  four  years;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Fisher,  John  ;  was  born  in  Maryland ;  received 
a  good  education;  studied  law  and  settled  in  Dela 
ware;  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  that 
District,  in  1812,  by  President  Madison. 

Fisher,  John;  was  born  in  Londonderry,  New 
Hampshire,  March  13,  1806;  spent  his  boyhood  work 
ing  on  his  father's  farm;  subsequently  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits:  spent  about  twenty -one  years 
in  Hamilton,  Canada,  where  he  had  charge  of  an 
iron  manufacturing  establishment;  was  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  and  over  which  city  he  presided  as 
Mayor;  in  1856  returned  to  New  York,  and  settled  at 
Batavia;  was  subsequently  engaged  as  a  State  Com 
missioner  in  erecting  the  buildings  for  the  New  York 
State  Institution  for  the  Blind,  in  Batavia;  was  also 
the  President  of  a  Fire  Insurance  Company;  in  1868 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture. 

Fisher,  Joseph  "W.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
emigrated  to  Wyoming  Territory  and  settled  at 
Cheyenne;  in  1871  was  appointed  United  States  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Wyoming. 


Fisher,  Spencer  O.;  was  born  at  Camden, 
Michigan,  February  3,  1843;  was  chiefly  educated  at 
the  common  schools;  attended  Albion  College  one 
year,  and  Hillsdale  College  one  year;  engaged  in  the 
business  of  lumbering  and  banking  at  West  Bay  City, 
Michigan;  was  Mayor  of  West  Bay  City  from  1881  to 
1884;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  in  1884;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Fisher,  S.  S.J  was  Commissioner  of  the  United 
States  Patent  Office  from  April,  1869,  to  November, 
1870. 

Fisk,  James ;  was  born  about  the  year  1762;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  studied  law,  and  from 
his  superior  natural  talent,  rose  to  eminence  in  his 
profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  from  1805  to  1809,  and  from  1811  to  1815, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Vermont;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1817  and  1818,  and  resigned;  in 
1812  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Judge  of 
the  Territory  of  Indiana,  and  in  1817  Collector  of  the 
Port  of  Alburg,  which  office  he  held  eight  years. 
Died  December  1,  1844. 

Fisk,  Jonathan  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1809  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York. 

Fitch,  Asa ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1811  to  1813. 

Fitch,  Graham  N.;  was  born  in  Le  Roy,  Gene- 
see  County,  New  York,  in  December,  1810;  received 
his  education  at  Middlebury  and  Geneva,  but  did  not 
graduate;  studied  medicine,  and  was  a  Medical  Pro 
fessor  in  the  Rush  Medical  College  at  Chicago,  Illi 
nois,  from  1844  to  1849;  in  1844,  1848,  and  1856,  was 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector,  and  in  1836  and  1839 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Indiana;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849  to 
1853;  in  1857  was  chosen  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  for  the  term  ending  in  1861,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads, 
and  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866, 
and  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868. 

Fitch,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  New  York  City 
January  29,  1838;  received  his  education  at  the  Wes- 
leyan  Academy  of  Massachusetts;  while  yet  in  his 
youth  was  a  clerk  in  New  York ;  worked  on  a  farm ; 
went  to  sea  before  the  mast;  was  a  book-keeper  in 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  after  a  short  mercantile 
career  in  Missouri,  returned  to  Wisconsin,  and  edited 
the  Milwaukee  Free  Democrat;  went  to  California  in 
1860,  and  became  editor  of  the  San  Francisco  Times; 
also  of  the  Placerville  Republican;  in  1862  was  elected 
to  the  State  Assembly;  removed  to  Nevada  Territory 
in  1863,  and  edited  the  Virginia  Union;  in  1864  was 
elected  to  the  first  Constitutional  Convention  of 
Nevada;  subsequently  settled  in  Washoe  City  and 
practiced  law;  in  1865  was  appointed  a  District  At 
torney;  in  1867  settled  in  Belmont;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Nevada  to  the  Forty-first  Con,- 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands 
and  Post  Office. 

Fitts,  Oliver;  was  a  citizen  of  Mississippi;  in 
1810  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  United 
States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Mississippi. 


174 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Fogg,  George  G.;  was  born  in  Meredith,  Bel- 
knap  County,  New  Hampshire,  May  26,4815;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1839;  soon  afterwards 
became  Principal  of  the  Hebron  Academy;  was  sub 
sequently  Professor  of  English  Literature  in  the  New 
Hampion  Academical  Institution,  studying  law  at 
the sai4ie  time;  after  a  course  of  study  at  the  Cam 
bridge  uaw  School,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842; 
after  p.!  acticing  for  some  years  in  Gilinanton,  was,  in 
1846,  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  soon  after 
wards  Secretary  of  State,  when  he  became  editor  of 
the  Independent  Democrat;  in  1855  was  appointed  Re 
porter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court 
of  the  State,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1859;  in 
1856  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Congressional  Com 
mittee  sent  out  by  the  House  of  Representatives  to 
Kansas;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Buffalo  Free  Soil 
Convention"  of  1848;  the  "  Pittsburg  Convention" 
of  1852;  the  "  Philadelphia  Republican  Convention  " 
of  1856,  and  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1860; 
was  a  member  of  the  Republican  National  Committee 
from  1856  to  1864,  and  Secretary  of  that  Committee 
during  the  canvass  for  the  election  of  President  Lin 
coln  in  1860;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Minister  Resident  to  Switzerland,  returning 
in  November,  1865;  in  1866  was  appointed  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  in  the  place  of  D. 
Clark,  resigned,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign 
Relations,  Claims,  and  Revolutionary  Claims;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Foley,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  having 
taken  up  his  residence  in  Indiana,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  in  1827,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and 
Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department. 

Folger,  Charles  J.;  was  born  at  Nan  tucket, 
Massachusetts,  April  16,  1818;  removed  to  Geneva, 
New  York,  in  1830;  received  an  academic  and  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  from  Geneva  (now  Ho- 
bart)  College  in  1836;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1839,  and  practiced  until  1869; -in  1844 
was  appointed  first  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Ontario  County;  was  elected  County  Judge  of 
Ontario  County  in  1851 ;  was  elected  a  State  Senator 
in  1861,  and  was  four  times  re-elected;  resigned  in 
1869  and  was  appointed  United  States  Assistant 
Treasurer  at  New  York  City;  was  elected  Associate 
Judge  of  the  State  Court  of  Appeals  in  187Q,  and 
served  until  1880;  was  then  appointed  Chief  Judge 
of  that  court,  and,  in  the  same  year,  was  elected  to 
that  position ;  resigned  in  1881  on  being  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury ;  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor  of  New  York 
in  1882.  Died  September  4,  1884. 

Folger,  "Walter  ;  was  born  at  Nantucket,  Mas 
sachusetts;  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Benjamin 
Franklin;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate 
from  1809  to  1815,  and  also  in  1822;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress'  from  that  State  from  1817  to 
1821. 

Follett,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Vermont;  removed,  with  IMS  parents,  to  Ohio,  when 
five  years  of  age,  locating  in  Licking  County;  was 
reared  on  a  farm;  was  self-educated;  graduated  from 
Marietta  College,  Ohio,  in  1855,  with  first  honors  of 
his  class;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1858;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1865,  and  re-elected  in  1868;  in  the 
latter  year  was  nominated  for  the  Speakership  by 
acclamation,  and  was  elected;  removed  to  Cincinnati 
the  same  year,  continuing  the  practice  of  his  profes 


sion;  in  1879  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Marietta  College;  in  1882  was  nominated  by  accla 
mation,  and  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Folsom,  George;  was  born  in  Kennebunk, 
Maine,  May  23,  1802;  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1822;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Framiugham, 
Massachusetts;  resided  for  a  time  in  Worcester,  and 
removed  to  New  York  in  1837;  was  Librarian  of  the 
New  York  Historical  Society,  and  in  1841  edited  a 
volume  of  ' '  Dutch  Annals, ' '  and  several  other  pub 
lications;  in  1844  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and 
was  ex-officio  member  of  the  Court  of  Errors;  in  1850 
was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Hague;  on  his 
return  was  President  of  a  savings  bank,  and  of  the 
American  Ethnological  Society,  and  a  Director  in  the 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Died  in  Rome, 
Italy,  March  27,  1869. 

Folsom,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1726 ;  commanded  a  company  at  Fort 
Edward  in  1755;  distinguished  himself  in  the  action 
with  Dieskau;  commanded  a  regiment  of  militia  be 
fore  the  Revolution,  and  served  as  Brigadier-General 
of  the  New  Hampshire  forces,  during  the  siege  of 
Boston,  until  relieved  by  Sullivan,  July,  1775;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1774,  1775, 
1777,  1778,  1779,  and  1780;  was  a  Councilor  in  1778; 
was  President  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  of  New  Hampshire  in  1783.  Died  at 
Exeter,  May  26,  1790. 

Foot,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Cheshire,  Con 
necticut,  November  8,  1780;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1797,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
his  native  town;  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Connecticut  in  1819,  1823,  and  1833; 
was  Speaker  of  the  Connecticut  House  of  Represent 
atives  in  1825  and  1826;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1827  to  1833,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Pensions;  in  1834  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State;  in  1844  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  died 
September  16,  1846.  It  was  he  who  offered,  on  the 
floor  of  Congress,  the  famous  resolutions  upon  which 
was  founded  the  great  debate  between  Hayne  and 
Webster. 

Foot,  Solomon;  was  born  in  Cornwall,  Addi- 
son  County,  Vermont,  November  19,  1802;  graduated 
at  Middlebury  College  in  1826;  was  for  one  year  the 
Principal  of  Castleton  Academy,  and  for  a  time  a 
tutor  in  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  Professor  of 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  Vermont  Academy  of 
Medicine;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1831, 
settling  in  Rutland,  where  he  afterwards  resided; 
was  a  member  of  the  Vermont  Legislature  in  1833, 
1836,  1837,  1838,  and  1847 ;  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  during  his  last  three  terms;  in  1836  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  altering  the  State 
Constitution;  was  a  State  Attorney  from  1836  to 
1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to 
1847;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Ver 
mont  for  the  term  commencing  in  1851  and  ending  in 
1857,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions,  and  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds; 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1863;  also  for  a 
third  term  ending  in  1869,  continuing  at  the  head 
of  his  old  committee,  and  as  a  member  of  those  on 
Foreign  Relations.  Pensions,  and  Commerce;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  ac 
company  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illi 
nois;  during  a  part  of  the  Thirty-sixth,  the  whole  of 
the  Thirty-seventh,  and  a  part  of  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congresses,  was  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate;  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


175 


a  delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Convention"  in  1864. 
Died  in  Washington,  March  28,  1866,  deeply  la 
mented. 

Poote,  Charles  A.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1823  to  1825.  Died  in  Delaware  County,  August  1. 
1828. 

Foote,  Henry  S.;  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  September  20,  1800;  was  educated  at 
Washington  College,  in  that  State;  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  Alabama  in  1824; 
in  1826  removed  to  Mississippi,  and  there  continued 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1844;  in  1847  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  where  he  remained  until  1852,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations; 
was  elected  Governor  of  Mississippi  in  1852;  subse 
quently  spent  a  few  years  in  California;  in  1859  was 
a  member  of  the  Southern  Convention,  held  at  Knox- 
ville,  Tennessee;  during  his  life  fought  three  duels; 
identified  himself  with  the  great  Rebellion,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress;  after  the  re 
turn  of  peace  published  "The  War  of  the  Rebellion;" 
subsequently  resided  in  Washington  City,  and  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  his  "Personal  Recollections  of 
Public  Men." 

Poote,  Lucius  H.;  was  born  at  Winfield,  Her- 
kimer  County,  New  York,  April  10,  1826;  was  edu 
cated  at  Knox  College,  Illinois,  and  Western  Reserve 
College,  Ohio;  left  before  graduating,  but  subse 
quently  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M. ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853;  in  that 
year  removed  to  Sacramento,  California;  was  Judge 
of  the  Municipal  Court  from  1854  to  1860;  in  1861 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Collector  of 
tl:e  Port  of  Sacramento;  was  Adjutant-General  of  the 
Stat>  from  1872  to  1876;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Convention  of  1876;  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Consul  at  Valparaiso,  Chili,  in 
1879;  was  Acting  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Chili  in  1882; 
in  1883  was  appointed  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to 
Corea,  and,  as  such,  exchanged  the  ratifications  of 
the  first  treaty  witii  that  country. 

Foote,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  1809;  received 
a  good  education,  and  prepared  himself  for  the  med 
ical  profession;  was,  for  many  years,  the  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  Buffalo  Commercial-Advertiser;  in 
1849  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  New  Gren 
ada;  in  1852  was  appointed  to  the  same  position 
near  the  government  of  Austria.  Died  at  Buffalo, 
February  20,  1858. 

Foraker,  Joseph  Benson ;  was  born  in  Highland 
County,  Ohio,  July  5.  1846;  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm;  his  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  his  native  county;  in  July,  1862,  en 
listed  in  the  Union  Army;  was  commissioned  Second 
Lieutenant  in  January,  1863,  and  First  Lieutenant 
in  February,  1864,  in  September,  1864,  was  ap 
pointed  Adjutant,  and  transferred  to  the  Staff;  in 
the  same  month  was  detailed  as  Acting  Signal  Officer; 
in  March,  1865,  was  commissioned  a  Captain. by  brevet, 
"for  meritorious  services;"  was  honorably  mustered 
out  of  the  service  in  June,  1865;  returned  to  his  home 
at  Salem,  Ohio,  and  attended  school  there  a  short  time; 
then  attended  the  Wesleyan  University,  at  Delaware, 
Ohio,  for  two  years;  from  there  went  to  Cornell 
University,  from  which  institution  he  graduated,  in 
the  classical  course,  in  July,  1869;  studied  law  while 
attending  the  University  and  in  the  law  office  of 
Judge  James  Sloaue,  in  Cincinnati;  was  admitted  to 


the  bar,  at  Cincinnati,  in  1869,  and  at  once  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  there;  in  April,  1879,  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati;  in 
1883  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio. 

Foran,  Martin  A.;  was  born  in  Susquehanna 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  11,  1844;  was 
reared  on  a  farm;  learned  the  cooper's  trade;  received 
a  common  school  and  collegiate  education;  taught 
school  for  two  years;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from 
1861  to  1865;  after  various  vicissitudes,  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1868,  in  the  prosecution  of  his 
trade;  initiated  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  a  Coopers'  Union,  the  scope  of  which  he 
afterwards  widened  until  it  became  an  international 
organization,  of  which  he  was,  for  several  years,  the 
President;  in  1873  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  in  1874  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  City 
Prosecutor  from  1875  to  1877;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Police  Judge  in  1881;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Forbes,  James ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1780. 

Forbes,  John  M.;  was  a  citizen  of  Florida;  was 
sent  as  .  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Buenos  Ayres  in 
1823;  was  commissioned  as  Charge  d' Affaires  in  1825. 
Died  at  his  post,  June  14,  1831. 

Ford,  George;  was  born  at  South  Bend,  St.  Jo 
seph  County,  Indiana,  January  11,  1846;  received  a 
common  school  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  South  Bend; 
was  Prosecuting  Attorney  at  South  Bend  from  1875 
until  1885,  when  he  resigned,  having  been  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Ford,  James  ;  served  two  years  in  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1833;  his  life  was 
honorably  interwoven  with  the  history  of  his  State. 
Died  at  Lawrenceville,  Pennsylvania,  August,  1859, 
aged  seventy-six  years. 

Ford,  Nicholas  ;  was  born  in  Ireland;  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  in  1848;  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Ford,  Seabury  ;  was  born  in  Pomfret,  Connec 
ticut,  October  15,  1801 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1825;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
Burlington ;  served  several  terms  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was,  at  different  times,  Speaker  in  each 
branch;  was  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1848  and  1850  and 
Major  General  of  Militia.  Died  at  Burton.  Ohio, 
May  8,  1855. 

Ford,  Thomas ;  in  1804,  while  he  was  yet  a 
child,  his  parents  emigrated  to  Illinois;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
the  State;  was  the  author  of  a  History  of  Illinois 
from  1818  to  1847;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1842  to  1846.  Died  in  Peoria,  January,  1851. 

Ford,  Thomas  H.;  was  elected  Government 
Printer  for  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1860. 

Ford,  "William  D.;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island;  served  in  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1816  and  1817;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from, 
that  State  from  1819  to  1821. 


176 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Forester,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 

1833  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims.     Died  August  31,  1845. 

Forker,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  Mount  Holly, 
New  .Jersey,  March  16,  1821;  received  a  common 
school  education;  was  Cashier  of  the  Bordentown 
Banking  Company;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

Fornance,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Forney,  Daniel  M.;  was  born  in  Lincoln  Coiinty, 
North  Carolina,  May,  1784;  during  the  last  war  with 
England  served  as'  Major  in  the  State  Line;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1815  to  1818,  and  in  1820  was  appointed  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek  Indians;  from  1823 
to  182(i  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in 

1834  removed  to  Lowndes  County,  Alabama,  where 
•lie  died  in  October,  1847. 

Forney,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  30,  1817;  acquired  the  art  of 
printing,  and  took  charge  of  the  Lancaster  InicUi- 
ge.nccr  as  early  as  1840;  in  1845  removed  to  Phila 
delphia,  where  he  edited  the  Pennsylvanian  until 
1851;  from  that  year  until  1855  was  Clerk  of  the 
United  States  House  of  Representatives,  and  at  the 
same  time  conducted  the  Union  newspaper:  in  1857 
returned  to  Philadelphia  and  established  the  Press: 
was  again  made  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
from  1859  to  1861 ;  soon  afterwards  established  the 
Chronicle  in  Washington  City,  and  at  the  same  time 
continued  to  edit  the  Press  in  Philadelphia;  was 
Secretary  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  1861  until 
1868;  subsequently  spent  several  years  in  Europe,  and 
did  ranch  by  his  pen  to  promote  the  success  of  the 
•Centennial  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia. 

Forney,  Peter;  was  born  in  Lincoln  County, 
North  Carolina,  April,  1756;  was  a  patriot  and  soldier 
of  the  Revolution;  served  as  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  for  several  years;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1813  to  1815; 
served  as  an  Elector  on  the  Presidential  tickets  of 
Jefferson,  Madison,  Monroe,  and  Jackson.  Died 
February  1,  1834. 

Forney,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Lincolnton, 
North  Carolina,  November  9, 1823;  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  with  his  parents,  in  1835;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Alabama  in  1844;  served  as  a  Lieu 
tenant  of  Volunteers  in  the  Avar  with  Mexico;  studied 
law  anrt  practiced  the  profession  for  twenty-five  years; 
in  1859  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  served 
in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  Rebellion,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  in  1865  was  elected 
a  State  Senator;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  Forty- fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh, 
Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Forrest,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from  1822  to 
1823,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  William  Milner. 
Died  March  20,  1825.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  by 
a  majority  of  one. 

Forrest,  Uriah  ;  was  a  General  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  War;  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Brandywine; 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Germantown,  from  the 


effects  of  which  he  never  recovered;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1787;  was 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland  during 
the  years  1793  and  1794,  and  resigned.  Died  at  his 
country  seat  near  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia, 
in  1805. 

Forsyth,  John ;  was  born  in  Fredericksburg, 
Virginia,  October  2,  1780;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1799;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  and  afterwards  to  Augusta, 
Georgia;  studied  law,  and  from  1802  to  1808  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  Georgia  bar;  in  1808  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1813  to  1818,  and  from 
1823  to  1827;  a  Senator  in  Congress  during  the  years 
1818  and  1819,  and  from  1829  to  1837,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  Governor 
of  Georgia  in  1827,  1828,  and  1829;  Minister  to  Spain 
from  1819  to  1822;  was  Secretary  of  State  under  Pres 
ident  Jackson,  in  which  position  he  was  continued  by 
President  Van  Buren  until  the  end  of  his  administra 
tion;  his  superior  abilities  were  universally  acknowl 
edged,  and  the  dignity  and  elegance  of  his  manners 
added  much  to  his  popularity.  Died  in  Washington 
City,  of  bilious  fever,  October  21,  1841. 

Forsythe,  Albert  P.;  was  born  at  New  Rich 
mond,  Ohio,  May  24,  1830;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  and  at  Asbury  University;  was  raised 
a  farmer  and  continued  in  that  occupation:  was  a 
First  Lieutenant  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion;  was  elected  Master  of  the  Illinois 
State  Grange  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  in  1875, 
and  again  in  1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

*  Fort,  George  F.;  was  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
from  1851  to  1854. 

Fort,  Greenberry  L.;  was  born  in  Ohio,  Octo 
ber  17,  1825;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1834;  was  reared 
on  a  farm;  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  elected  Sheriff, 
Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  and  County  Judge;  volun 
teered  in  the  army  in  1861,  and  was  mustered  out  of 
service  in  1866;  in  1866  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Territories;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 
Died  January  14,  1883. 

Fort,  Tomlinson  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1827  to  1829;  was  at  one 
time  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Georgia;  prac 
ticed  the  profession  of  medicine;  was  President  of 
the  Central  Bank  of  Georgia  from  1832  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  May  11,  1859,  aged  seventy- 
two  years. 

Forward,  Chauncey;  was  born  at  Old  Granby, 
Connecticut,  and  was  the  younger  brother  of  Walter 
Forward;  about  the  year  1800  removed  to  Ohio  with 
his  father;  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Pittsburgh,  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1817  settled  in  Somerset,  in  that  State;  was 
frequently  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  serving 
in  both  Houses;  in  1825  Avas  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  for  an  unexpired  term,  and  was  twice  re- 
elected,  serving  until  1831;  never  quitted  politics, 
nor  ceased  to  practice  his  profession,  but  late  in  life 
took  a  special  interest  in  matters  connected  Avith  the 
Baptist  Church,  and  became  a  very  popular  and 
successful  preacher.  Died  at  Somerset,  October, 
1839. 

Forward,  "Walter ;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1786,  where  he  received  a  liberal  education;  removed 
to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  in  1803,  and  studied 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


177 


law;  in  1805  became  editor  of  the  paper  called  the 
Tree  of  Liberty;  from  1806  to  1822  was  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law,  and,  as  a  pleader,  had  few  equals; 
in  1822  was  elected  to  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
as  a  Representative,  where  he  continued  till  March, 
1825;  in  1837  bore  a  prominent  part  in  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Convention  to  reform  the  State  Constitution; 
in  March,  1841,  President  Harrison  appointed  him 
First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  which  post  he 
held  until  appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury;  on  retiring  from  President  Tyler's 
Cabinet,  resumed  and  continued  his  practice  at  the 
bar,  until  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Charge 
d' Affaires  to  Denmark,  where  he  spent  several  years, 
resigning  his  position  to  return  home  in  order  to  ac 
cept  the  office  of  President  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  Allegheny  County,  to  which  he  had  been 
called  by  popular  election.  While  in  Court,  em 
ployed  in  his  judicial  duties,  he  was  suddenly  taken 
ill,  and  died  in  forty-eight  hours,  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  November  24,  1852. 

Fosdick,  Nicoll ;  was  born  in  New  London,  Con 
necticut,  November  9,  1785,  of  direct  Puritan  stock; 
in  1809  removed  to  Herkimer  County,  New  York: 
in  1816  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1818  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  New  York;  again  in  1819, 
and  declined  a  re-election;  was  a  Representative  from 
New  York  in  the  Nineteenth  Congress;  returned  to 
his  native  place  in  1843;  from  1849  to  1853  was  Col 
lector  of  Customs  for  the  District  of  New  London. 
Died  in  New  London,  May  7,  1868. 

Foster,  Abiel ;  was  born  in  Andover,  Massachu 
setts,  August  8,  1735 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univers 
ity  in  1756;  studied  theology,  and  was  pastor  for 
eighteen  years  of  the  Congregational  Church  in  Can 
terbury,  New  Hampshire;  in  1780  was  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  General  Court;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to 
1785;  was  present  at  Washington's  resignation  of  the 
command  of  the  army  at  Annapolis;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1789  to  1791 ;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Leg 
islature  and  a  Delegate  to  revise  the  State  Constitu 
tion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1793  to 
1794,  and  in  both  years  was  President  of  that  body; 
was  again  elected  to  Congress  from  1795  to  1803. 
Died  at  Canterbury,  February  6,  1806. 

Foster,  A.  Lawrence ;  was  born  in  New  York ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Foster,  Cassius  G.;  was  born  at  Webster,  Mon 
roe  County,  New  York,  January  22,  1837;  his  father, 
who  was  a  farmer  in  good  circumstances,  died  in 
1840;  four  years  later  the  widow  re-married,  and  the 
step-father  was  not  an  exception  to  the  rule,  so  it 
was  a  great  relief  to  young  Foster  when,  his  mother 
having  died,  he  was,  at  the  age  of  ten  years,  sent  to 
live  with  his  guardian,  a  farmer  residing  in  Michi 
gan  ;  his  distaste  for  farm  duties  became  apparent  at 
an  early  age,  and  developed  with  his  advance  toward 
manhood;  he  attended  the  High  School  at  Adrian, 
Michigan,  for  several  terms,  and  then  taught  a  dis 
trict  school  for  two  terms  to  replenish  his  exhausted 
exchequer;  in  1856,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  began 
the  study  of  law,  but,  his  health  failing,  he  soon 
after  returned  to  his  birthplace,  in  Monroe  County, 
New  York ;  in  1857  resumed  his  law  studies  at  Roch 
ester  and  Le  Roy,  New  York;  in  February,  1859, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  New  York  Supreme 
Court;  in  June  of  that  year  he  removed  to  Kansas, 
and  settled  at  Atehison,  where  he  soon  established 
himself  in  a  good  practice;  during  the  Civil  War  he 

12 


served  with  the  State  troops,  and  on  the  staff  of  Gov 
ernor  Carney,  in  protecting  the  frontier  against  bush 
whackers  and  the  invasion  of  the  Confederate  forces; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1863  and  1864 ;  in  1867  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Atehison;  in  1874  was  appointed, 
by  President  Grant,  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Kansas;  in  1879  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Topeka,  Kansas. 

Foster,  Charles;  was  born  in  Seneca  County, 
Ohio,  April  12,  1828;  received  a  common  school  and 
academic  education ;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
and  in  banking;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-second,  Forty -third,  Forty-Fourth, 
and  Forty -fifth  Congresses;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Ohio  in  1879  and  re-elected  in  1881. 

Foster,  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Brookfield,  Mas 
sachusetts,  December  7,  1757;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1774 ;  practiced  law  at  Brookfield ;  was 
County  Sheriff  and  Judge  and  afterwards  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  Common  Pleas;  was  for  some  years  a  menibei 
of  the  House  and  Senate  of  Massachusetts;  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Massachusetts; 
on  the  death  of  his  father  was  chosen  to  supply  his 
place  in  the  Convention  for  framing  the  State  Consti 
tution  in  1779;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1793  to  1799,  and  United  States  Senator  from  1800  to 
1803,  when  he  resigned.  Died  in  Brookfield,  April 
29,  1823. 

Foster,  Ephraim  H.;  entered  public  life  when 
quite  young;  in  1829  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Tennessee;  in  1837  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  but  in  1839  resigned  his 
seat  because  he  could  not  obey  the  instructions  of  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1843  was  re-elected  for  two  years; 
on  his  return  from  Washington  was  a  candidate  for 
Governor,  but  failed  of  an  election.  Died  at  Nash 
ville,  September  4, 1854. 

Foster,  Henry  A.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  in  the  Senate  of  that  State  from  1831  to  1834, 
and  from  1841  to  1844;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1839;  was  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  during  the  years  1844  and  1845,  by 
appointment  of  the  Governor;  was  subsequently  a 
J  udge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York. 

Foster,  Henry  Donnel ;  was  born  in  Mercer, 
Pennsylvania,  December  19,  1812;  received  a  liberal 
education;  studied  law;  was  elected  to  the  Twenty- 
eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  Congresses;  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  in  1846  and  1847; 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1860;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Foster,  Jedediah  ;  was  born  in  Andover,  Mas 
sachusetts,  October  10,  1726;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1744;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Worcester  Convention  of  1774,  and 
soon  after  chosen  to  the  provincial  Congress,  of 
which  he  was  an  active  and  useful  member;  about 
the  same  time  was  elected  a  Councilor;  in  1776  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  was  for 
many  years  a  Judge  of  Probate,  and  also  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts.  Died  October  17,  1779. 

Foster,  John  "W. ;  was  born  in  Pike  County,  In 
diana,  March  2,  1836;  graduated  at  the  Indiana 
State  University  in  1855;  studied  law  at  the  Law 
School  of  Harvard  University;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  commenced  practice  at  Evansville,  Indiana; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  throughout  the  War  of  the 


178 


BIOGEAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General ;  at  the  close  of  the  war  became  the 
editor  of  the  Daily  Journal,  at  Evansville,  Indiana; 
in  1869  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Evansville;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Committee  in 
1872;  in  1873  was  appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Mexico;  in  1880  was  transferred  to  St.  Petersburg, 
as  Minister  to  Russia;  resigned  in  1881  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  law,  locating  at  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia;  in  February,  1883,  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  to  Spain. 

Foster,  La  Fayette  S.;  was  born  in  Franklin, 
New  London  County,  Connecticut,  November  22, 
1806;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1828;  stud 
ied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1831;  was  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Connecticut  in  1839  and 
1840,  in  1846,  1847,  and  1848,  and  1854;  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  in  1847,  1848,  and  1854;  Mayor  of  the 
City  of  Norwich  for  two  years,  in  1850  and  1851 ;  in 
1850  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Brown  Uni 
versity;  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1855  and  ending  in  1861 ;  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands, 
Pensions,  and  the  Judiciary;  in  1860  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  ending  in  1867,  and  during  the  Thirty- 
seventh  and  Thirty-eighth  Congresses  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  Private  Land 
Claims,  Indian  Affairs,  and  Foreign  Relations;  at 
the  extra  session  of  the  Senate,  in  1865,  was  chosen 
President  pro  tern,  of  that  body,  the  death  of  Abra 
ham  Lincoln  and  the  elevation  of  Andrew  Johnson 
to  the  Presidency  making  him  Acting  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States;  during  the  subsequent  recess, 
as  a  member  of  the  Special  Committee  of  the  Senate, 
visited  some  of  the  Indian  tribes  west  of  the  Missis 
sippi;  in  1869  was  elected  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale 
College,  and  in  1870  to  a  seat  on  the  Bench  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut. 

Foster,  Nathaniel  G.;  was  born  at  "  The  Fork," 
in  Greene  County,  Georgia,  August  25,  1809;  gradu 
ated  at  Franklin  College  in  1820;  read  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  and  settled  in  Madison, 
Georgia,  where  he  obtained  a  high  reputation  as  an 
advocate  and  jury  lawyer;  served  three  years  as  So 
licitor-General  of  the  Ocmulgee  Circuit,  five  years  in 
the  State  Senate,  and  one  year  in  the  House;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty -fourth  Congress. 

Foster,  Stephen  C.;  was  born  in  Machias, 
Maine,  December  24,  1799;  commenced  life  as  a 
blacksmith;  later  in  life  became  a  lumber-merchant 
and  ship-builder;  was  in  the  Maine  Legislature  from 
1834  to  1837,  again  in  1840,  when  he  was  President 
of  the  Senate,  and  again  in  1847:  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  from  Maine  in  1856,  serving  through  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Man 
ufactures;  became  President  of  the  Washington  Agri 
cultural  Society  of  his  native  State;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the 
Peace  Congress  of  1861. 

Foster,  Theodore  ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts 
in  1752;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1770;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1790 
to  1803.  Died  in  1828,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Foster,  Thomas  F.;  was  born  in  Greensbor- 
ough,  Georgia,  November  23,  1790;  graduated  at 
Franklin  College  in  1812;  read  law  at  home,  and  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1816;  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Georgia 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1829  to  1835,  and  again  from  1841  to 
VJ843.  Died  in  1847. 


Foster,  "Wilder  D. ;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York,  January  8,  1819;  received  a  common 
school  education;  went  to  Michigan  in  1837  as  an  ap 
prentice  to  the  tinner's  trade;  carried  on  genera) 
hardware  business  in  Grand  Rapids;  was  City  Treas 
urer  and  Alderman  of  that  city ;  in  1854  was  elected 
Mayor;  was  elected  State  Senator  for  1855  and  1856; 
again  elected  Mayor  in  1865  and  1866;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Fouke,  Philip  B.;  was  born  in  Kaskaskia,  Illi 
nois,  January  23,  1818;  was  chiefly  self-educated ; 
was  first  a  clerk  and  then  a  civil  engineer;  in  1841 
established  a  paper  called  the  Belleville  Advocate, 
which  he  printed  and  edited  for  four  years;  then 
studied  law,  and  after  being  admitted  to  practice,  in 
1846  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  dis 
trict,  and  was  re-elected ;  in  1851  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Illinois  Legislature;  in  1856  was  again 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney;  in  1858  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
but  served  as  Colonel  of  Volunteers  in  1861,  resign 
ing  his  commission  in  1862. 

Fowler,  John;  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  the 
Revolution;  attained  the  rank  of  Captain;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1797  to 
1807.  Died  at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  August  22, 
1840,  aged  eighty -five  years. 

Fowler,  Joseph  Smith  ;  was  born  in  Steuben- 
ville,  Ohio,  August  31,  1822;  graduated  at  Franklin 
College  in  1843,  in  which  institution  he  was  a  Pro 
fessor  of  Mathematics  for  four  years;  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  Kentucky,  but  removing  to  Tennes 
see,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that  State;  when  the 
Rebellion  broke  out,  he  warmly  espoused  the  Union 
cause;  in  September,  1861,  left  the  State  under  the 
forty  days'  proclamation  of  Jefferson  Davis,  and  re 
sided  in  Springfield,  Illinois,  until  April,  1862;  on 
his  return  was  Comptroller  of  Tennessee  under  Gov 
ernor  Johnson,  and  took  a  leading  part  in  organizing 
the  Union  party  and  re-organizing  the  State  Govern 
ment;  in  1865  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Tennessee  for  six  years,  but  was  not  admitted  to  his 
seat  until  July,  1866;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  and  the 
committees  upon  which  he  was  placed  in  the  Senate 
were  those  on  Manufactures,  Territories,  Foreign 
Affairs,  Pensions,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  En 
grossed  Bills. 

Fowler,  Orin;  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Connecti 
cut,  July  29,  1791;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1815;  stiidied  theology  under  Dr.  Dwight;  made  an 
extensive  missionary  tour  in  the  Valley  of  the  Mis 
sissippi,  and  in  1819  settled  as  pastor  in  Plainfield, 
Connecticut;  was  twenty  years  a  pastor  at  Fall 
River,  which  he  represented  in  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  for  several  years;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1849  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Washington,  September  3,  1852;  replied 
to  Mr.  Webster's  speech  of  March  7,  1850,  and  was 
an  opponent  of  intemperance  and  slavery;  published 
"A  Treatise  on  Baptism,"  in  1835,  and]  "Historical 
Sketch  of  Fall  River,"  in  1841. 

Fowler,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1779;  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  medical 
profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  in  Sussex 
County,  New  Jersey,  February  21,  1844. 


BIO  GRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


179 


Fox,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was  a 
resident  of  Portland;  in  1866  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  lor  the  District  of  Maine.  Died  sud 
denly,  December  14,  1881. 


Fox,  Gustavus  Vasa ;    was  born  in  Saugus, 
I   Massachusetts,  June  13,  1821;  entered  the  Navy  as 
Midshipman  in  1838,  and  remained  in  the  service  for 
nineteen  years:  in  1856  went  into  the  manufacturing 
business  at  Lawrence;  when  hostilities  commenced, 
5  in  1861,  was  assigned  the  duty,  by  President  Lin- 
;  coin,  of  supplying  Fort  Sumter  with  provisions;  soon 
afterwards  entered  the  Navy  Department  as  Assist 
ant  Secretary,  where  he  remained  until   1866,  when, 
he  resigned:  in  an  official  capacity  was  sent  to  Rus 
sia  to  deliver  in  person  the  Resolutions  of  Congress 
passed  upon  the  escape  of  the  Emperor  from,  assas 
sination;  on  his  return  to  the  United  States  resumed 
his  old  business  of  Manufacturing  in   Massachusetts. 

Fox,  John  ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York  in 
1835;  received  a  common  school  education;  was  bred 
a,  mechanic;  was  elected  an  Alderman  in  the  City 
Councils;  also  held  the  office  of  Supervisor;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  and  Invalid  Pensions; 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Mileage  and  Enrolled  Bills. 

Franchot,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Morris,  Ot- 
sego  County,  New  York,  in  1816;  received  an  Eng 
lish  education;  served  as  a  civil  engineer  for  seven 
years;  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  farming; 
was  President  of  the  Albany  and  Susquehanna  Rail 
road  Company;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
the  Pacific  Railroad.  Died  at  Schenectady,  Novem 
ber  23,  1875. 

Francis,  John  Brown ;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  May  31,  1794;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1808;  losing  his  father  in  infancy,  was  reared  by 
his  maternal  grandfather,  Nicholas  Brown,  one  of 
the  founders  of  Brown  University;  acquired  a  mer 
cantile  education  at  Providence,  and  attended  the 
Litchfield  Law  School;  in  1821  settled  at  Spring 
Green  as  an  agriculturist;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  from  1821  to  1829;  State  Senator  in  1831; 
Governor  from  1833  to  1838;  State  Senator  in  1842; 
United  States  Senator  in  1*844  and  1845;  State  Sen 
ator  again  from  1849  to  1856;  Trustee  in  Brown  Uni 
versity  from  1828  to  1857;  Chancellor  from  1841  to 
1854.  Died  at  Warwick,  Rhode  Island,  August  9, 
,1864. 

Francis,  John  M.;  was  born  at  Prattsburgh, 
Steuben  County,  New  York,  March  6,  1823;  received 
a  common  school  and  academic  education;  learned 
the  printer's  trade;  was  editor  of  the  Wayne  Sentinel, 
at  Palmyra,  New  York,  from  1843  to  1845;  studied 
law;  was,  for  a  short  time,  editor  of  the  Rochester 
(New  York)  Daily  Advertiser;  editor  of  the  Troy 
(New  York)  Daily  Budget  from  1846  to  1848;  in  1851 
established  the  Daily  Times  at  Troy,  New  York,  and 
continued  the  controlling  owner  and  editor  of  that 
journal  after  his  withdrawal  from  its  active  manage 
ment;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1867;  was  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Greece  in  1871;  resigned  in  1873;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1880;  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Portu 
gal  in  1882. 


Francis,  William  H.;  was  born  at  South  Nor- 
walk,  Connecticut,  August  29,  1839;  was  educated  at 
the  village  school  in  South  Norwalk,  at  Schenck's 
Military  Academy,  at  Danbury,  Connecticut,  and  at 
Oberlin  College,  Ohio;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  June,  1865,  and  was  in  the  active  practice 
of  law  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  until  August,  1882; 
from  1861  until  1882  took  a  prominent  part  in  New 
Jersey  politics  and  was  a  member,  and  for  some  time 
chairman,  of  the  Young  Men's  Central  Club  and  the 
Republican  Central  Committee  of  Newark,  and  of  the 
Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  'Republican  Committee; 
was  Corporation  (City)  Counsel  of  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  from  1871  to  1875;  represented  Essex  County 
in  the  New  Jersey  Senate  in  1879,  1880,  and  1881; 
in  May,  1881,  as  one  of  the  Delegates  from  New 
Jersey,  attended  the  unveiling  of  a  monument  to 
commemorate  the  battle  of  the  Cow  Pens,  at  Spar- 
tansburg,  South  Carolina,  (on  the  one  hundredth  an 
niversary  of  the  battle)  and  on  that  occasion  delivered 
the  oration  in  behalf  of  the  States  of  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware:  in  1882  was 
appointed  Receiver  of  the  United  States  Land  Office 
at  Bismarck,  Dakota  Territory;  July  5,  1884,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  Territory. 

Frank,  Augustus ;  was  born  in  Warsaw,  Wy 
oming  County,  New  York,  July  17,  1826;  early  be 
came  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  to  which  he 
was  devoted  for  many  years;  in  1852  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Patents;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Library  and  on 
Mileage;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  when  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Library,  serving  also  on  the  Committee  on 
Mileage,  and  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Bank 
rupt  Law;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1867. 

Franklin,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Jan 
uary  17,  1706;  after  various  vicissitudes,  when  seven 
teen  years  of  age  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  became 
a  printer;  with  the  help  of  Governor  Sir  William 
Keith,  visited  England,  where  he  remained  nearly 
two  years;  on  his  return  became  a  clerk;  then  en 
gaged  in  business  on  his  own  account;  in  1732  com 
menced  the  publication  of  "Poor  Richard's  Alma 
nac,"  which  he  continued  until  1737;  after  that  es 
tablished  a  newspaper;  held  the  various  offices  of 
State  Printer,  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly,  and 
Postmaster  of  Philadelphia;  was  the  father  and  pa 
tron  of  the  Philosophical  Society,  and  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  University  and  Hospital;  in  1741  published 
the  General  Magazine;  in  1744  was  elected  to  the 
Provincial  Assembly,  holding  the  office  ten  years ;  in 
1758  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Indians  at  Carlisle; 
in  the  following  year  was  sent  to  Albany,  New  York, 
to  meet  a  Congress  of  Commissioners  to  arrange  means 
of  defense  against  the  French  and  Indians;  subse 
quently  became  Postmaster-General  of  America;  was 
sent  to  England  as  an  advocate  and  agent  for  the 
province  on  two  occasions,  remaining  there  eleven 
years;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution  returned 
to  America,  and  took  an  active  and  important  part 
in  public  affairs;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  in  1775  and  1776;  in  1778  was  sent  to  France  in 
a  diplomatic  capacity,  where  he  remained  until  1785; 
was  next  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  the 
qualities  of  his  mind  were  remarkably  versatile,  but 


180 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


he  stood  pre-eminent  as  a  philosopher  and  benefactor 
of  mankind;  he  made  important  discoveries  in  elec 
tricity  ;  wrote  and  published  much  on  a  variety  of 
themes,  and  his  "Life,  "Writings,  and  Correspond 
ence,"  issued  in  ten  volumes,  are  an  important 
feature  in  all  the  best  libraries  of  the  country.  Died 
April  17,  1790. 

Franklin,  B.  J.;  was  born  in  Mason  County, 
Kentucky;  was  educated  at  Bethany  College,  West 
Virginia;  subsequently  taught  school;  studied  law, 
and  on  coming  to  the  bar  settled  at  Leavenworth, 
Kansas;  in  1860  removed  to  Missouri;  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army  as  a  Captain;  in  1871  was  elected 
Circuit  Attorney  for  the  Twenty -fourth  Circuit  of  the 
State;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Franklin,  Jesse ;  was  born  in  Surry  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1758;  served  with  credit  in  the 
Revolutionary  War,  as  a  Major;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  that  State  in  1794;  represented 
that  State  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1797,  and  then 
returned  to  the  Legislature;  from  1799  to  1805,  and 
from  1807  to  1813,  was  United  States  Senator,  offici 
ating  in  the  Eighth  Congress  as  President  pro  tern,  of 
the  Senate;  having  been  superseded  by  F.  Locke,  in 
1816,  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison  a  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Chickasaws;  in  1820  was 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina.  Died  in  Surry 
County,  in  1823,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Franklin,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Worcester 
County,  Maryland,  May  6,  1820;  graduated  at  Jef 
ferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1836;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  of  Maryland  in  1843,  and  also  in 
1849,  when  he  was  elected  Speaker;  in  1851  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of 
the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1853  to  1855. 

Franklin,  Meshack ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1807  to  1815; 
served  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  that  State  in 
1800;  in  the  State  Senate  in  1828  and  1829;  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  North  Carolina, 
and  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  for  revising  the 
State  Constitution.  Died  in  Surry  County,  Decem 
ber  18,  1839. 

Franklin,  "Walter  S.;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  in  1833  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  National  House 
of  Representatives,  in  which  office  he  remained  until 
1838. 

Fraser,  Philip;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law  and  settled  at 
Jacksonville,  Florida;  in  1862  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  the  Northern  District  of  Florida. 

Frazier,  William  C.;  was  a  citizen  of  Lancas 
ter,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born  in  1776;  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Territory  of 
Wisconsin.  Died  at  Milwaukee,  October  18,  1838. 

Frederick,  Benjamin  Todd;  was  born  at 
Fredericktown,  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  October 
.">,  1835;  received  a  good  education;  settled  at  Mar- 
shalltown,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of 
manufacturing;  served  three  terms  as  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  and  three  terms  as  a  member  of  the 
School  Board  of  Marshalltown;  in  1882  'was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress,  but  only  secured  his  seat  on  March  3,  1885, 
after  a  contest;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 


Freedley,  John  ;  was  born  in  Norristown,  Montr 
gomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  22,  1793;  com 
menced  life  as  a  brickmaker;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820;  entered  extensively  into 
various  kinds  of  business,  especially  that  of  quarry 
ing  marble,  and  was  successful;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1847  to 
1851.  Died  December  8,  1851. 

Freeman,  Chapman;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  October  8,  1832;  graduated  at 
the  high  school  of  his  native  city  in  1850,  having 
been  advanced  six  months  for  proficiency;  began  the 
study  of  law,  but  relinquished  it  to  engage  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits ;  entered  the  navy  as  Assistant  Pay 
master  in  1863,  and  was  attached  to  the  blockading 
squadrons  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  the  Gulf  of  Mex 
ico  ;  was  on  board  of  the  Iron  Age  at  the  time  of  her 
destruction  off  the  coast  of  North  Carolina;  was  on 
special  duty  during  the  attacks  on  Newberne,  Little 
Washington,  and  Plymouth  in  1864;  in  the  latter 
year  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health;  resumed  the 
study  of  law,  came  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  in  Phila 
delphia;  was  a  Commissioner  from  that  city  to  the 
Austrian  Exposition  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Freeman,  Constant;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  in  1816  was  appointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury,  at  that  time  called  "Accountant  of  the 
Navy;  "  in  1817  received  the  title  of  Auditor,  and 
served  as  such  until  1824. 

Freeman,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Jones  County, 
Georgia,  April  1,  1820;  received  a  common  school 
education;  was  a  planter;  was  a  Union  man  before, 
during,  and  since  the  war;  never  held  any  office  until 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Land  Claims. 

Freeman,  John  D.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
removed  to  Mississippi;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Freeman,  Jonathan;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1797  to  1801 ; 
from  1789  to  1797  was  a  State  Councilor;  from  1793 
to  1808  was  one  of  the  Overseers  of  Dartmouth  Col 
lege.  Died  in  1808,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Freeman,  Nathaniel;  -was  born  at  Dennis, 
Massachusetts,  in  April,  1741 ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University;  studied  medicine;  was  a  patriot  in  the 
Revolutionary  War;  performed  various  services  in 
the  Legislature  and  as  a  Brigadier-General  of  Militia; 
was  also  a  Judge  of  Probate  for  forty-seven  years, 
and  a  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for  thirty  years; 
was  twice  married  and  had  twenty  children;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1795  to 
1799.  Died  September  27,  1820. 

Freeman,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Portland,  Prov 
ince  of  Massachusetts,  June  15,  1743;  was  active  and 
zealous  in  the  Revolutionary  struggles;  in  1774  was 
Secretary  of  the  Cumberland  County  Convention; 
member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775;  of  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  1776  and 
1778;  in  1775,  on  the  re-organization  of  the  Courts, 
was  appointed  Clerk,  and  held  that  office  forty-five 
years;  was  Register  of  Probate  until  commissioned 
Judge  in  1804,  continuing  until  1820;  Postmaster  of 
Portland  from  1776  to  1805;  an  efficient  friend  of 
Bowdoin  College;  published  "Town  Officer,"  Ameri 
can  Clerks1  Magazine,  "  The  Massachusetts  Justice," 
8vo,  1803;  "Probate  Directory,"  1803;  and  edited 
the  Journal  of  Rev.  Thomas  Smith  in  1821.  Died  ii» 
Portland.  September  2,  1831. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


181 


Frelinghuysen,  Frederick ;  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  April  13,  1753;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1770;  when  twenty-two  years  of  age  was 
sent  1o  the  Continental  Congress;  as  Captain  of  a 
Volunteer  Corps  of  Artillery  was  at  the  battles  of 
Trenttm  and  Monmouth,  and  it  is  said  that  it  was  he 
who  killed  Rhalle,  the  Hessian  commander  at  Tren 
ton  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1793  to  1796, 
when  he  resigned  on  account  of  domestic  bereave 
ments;  he  stood  among  the  first  at  the  bar  of  New 
Jersey,  and  held  various  State  and  County  offices. 
Died  April  13,  1804. 

Frelinghuysen,  Frederick  T.;  was  born  at 
Millstown,  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  August  4; 
1817;  the  nephew  and  adopted  son  of  Theodore  Fre- 
linghuysen;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College  in  1836; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1839 ;  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  New  Jersey  in  1861,  and 
re-appointed  in  1866;  was  subsequently  appointed  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  William  Wright,  deceased,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary  and  Pensions;  in 
January,  1867,  his  appointment  as  Senator  was  con 
firmed  by  the  election  of  the  Legislature ;  his  term 
terminated  in  1869;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for 
the  term  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Foreign  Relations  and  the  Judiciary,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Agricultural  Committee;  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  England,  but  declined;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  unexpired  term  ending 
in  1877;  in  1881  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  in 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Arthur.  Died  May  20, 1885. 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore ;  was  born  in  Mills- 
town.  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  March  28,  1787, 
and  was  the  son  of  Frederick  Frelinghuysen,  of  the 
Continental  Congress;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  Nassau  Hall,  in  1804;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1808;  was  Attorney-General  of 
New  Jersey  from  1818  to  1829;  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1829;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1829  to  1835;  was  Chancellor  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  New  York  from  1839  to  1850,  when  he  re 
signed;  while  in  that  position  was  the  candidate  of 
the  Whig  party,  for  V ice-President  upon  the  ticket 
with  Henry  Clay;  in  1850  was  elected  President  of 
Rutgers  College,  where  he  officiated  until  his  death, 
devoting  much  of  his  time  and  means  to  the  benevo 
lent  and  educational  interests  of  his  native  State,  of 
New  York,  and  of  tlie  Union;  resided  for  many  years 
at  Newark.  New  Jersey,  and  was  Mayor  of  that  city 
in  1837  and  18:58;  also  served  as  President  of  the 
American  Temperance  Union,  of  the  American  Tract 
Society,  the  Hoard  of  Foreign  Missions,  and  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  during  his  residence  in  New 
York.  In  the  church,  lie  was  for  many  years  recog 
nized  as  a  great  leader,  in  all  the  moral  movements 
of  the  country,  and  was  universally  beloved.  He 
had  a  rare  command  of  thought  and  language,  and 
was  considered  an  eloquent  speaker.  Died  at  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  April  12,  1862. 

Fremont,  John  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Savan 
nah,  Georgia,  January  21,  1813;  his  father  was  an 
emigrant  from  France;  received  a  good  education, 
though  left  an  orphan  at  four  years  of  age;  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  graduated  at  Charleston  College;  from 
teaching  mathematics  turned  his  attention  to  civil 
engineering,  and  was  recommended  to  the  Govern 
ment  for  employment  in  the  Mississippi  Survey; 
was  afterwards  employed  at  Washington  in  con 
structing  maps  of  that  region;  having  received  the 
commission  of  a  Lieutenant  of  Engineers,  proposed 
to  the  Secretary  of  War  to  penetrate  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  his  plan  was  approved,  and  in  1842, 


with  a  few  men,  he  explored  the  South  Pass;  im 
patient  of  quiet,  he  planned  a  new  expedition  to  the 
Territory  of  Oregon;  approached  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains  by  a  new  line,  scaled  .the  summits  south  of  the 
South  Pass,  deflected  to  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and 
connected  his  survey  with  that  of  Wilkes's  Ex  pic  ring 
Expedition;  also  in  another  expedition  revealed  the 
grand  features  of  Alta  California,  its  great  basin,  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  the  valleys  of  the  San  Joaquin  and 
Sacramento,  and  established  the  geography  of  the 
western  portion  of  the  continent;  in  August,  1844, 
was  planning  a  third  expedition,  while  writing  the 
history  of  the  second,  and  before  its  publication,  in 
1845,  was  again  on  his  way  to  the  Pacific,  collecting 
his  mountain  comrades,  to  examine  in  detail  the 
Asiatic  slope  of  the  continent,  which  resulted  in  giv 
ing  a  new  volume  of  science  to  the  world,  and  Cali 
fornia  to  the  United  States;  after  the  conquest  of 
California,  in  which  he  bore  a  part,  was  the  victim  of 
a  quarrel  between  two  American  commanders,  and 
was  stripped  of  his  commission  by  court-martial ;  the 
President  re-instated  him,  but  he  declined  returning; 
he  determined  to  retrieve  his  honor;  one  line  more 
would  complete  his  survey — the  route  for  a  great  road 
from  the  Mississippi  to  San  Francisco ;  again  appeared 
in  the  Far  West;  refitted  his  expedition,  and  started 
again;  pierced  the  country  of  the  Apaches;  met,  awed, 
or  defeated  savage  tribes,  and  in  a  hundred  days  from 
Santa  Fe  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Sacramento ;  the 
people  of  California  reversed  the  judgment  of  the 
court-martial,  and  he  was  made  the  first  Senator  of 
the  Golden  State,  serving  from  1849  to  1851 ;  was  sub 
sequently,  in  1856,  a  candidate  for  President,  in 
opposition  to  Mr.  Buchanan,  but  was  defeated;  in 
1861,  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Major-General;  by 
the  "Cleveland  Convention"  of  1864  was  again  nomin 
ated  for  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States, 
but  was  again  defeated. 

French,  A.  C.;  Avas  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
after  graduating  at  Harvard  University,  removed  to 
Illinois  and  entered  into  the  public  service  of  that 
State  in  1835 ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  for  sev 
eral  years  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
McEndree  College,  and  Professor  of  Law  in  that  insti 
tution;  was  Governor  of  Illinois  from  1846  to  1853. 
Died  in  Lebanon,  Illinois,  September  4,  1864. 

French,  Benjamin  B.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  removed  to  Washington  City,  and  became  inter 
ested  in  politics;  in  1845  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  held  the  position  until 
1847;  was  greatly  distinguished  as  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  Fraternity;  in  1853  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  Public  Buildings  in  Washington,  serving  in 
that  capacity  many  years.  Died  in  Washington. 

French,  C.  E.  Gr.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Cali 
fornia;  was  appointed  from  that  State,  in  1875,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Utah. 

French,  Charles  Grafton  Wilberton  ;  was 
born  at  Berkeley,  Bristol  County,  Massachusetts, 
August  22^1820;  received  a  classical  education,  grad 
uating  from  Brown  University,  Providence,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1842;  taught  school;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  in 
1848,  and  commenced  practice  at  Boston,  in  that 
State;  removed  to  California  in  1851,  and  practiced 
for  a  time  in  Placer  County,  subsequently  settling  in 
Sacramento  County,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
was,  for  many  years,  Trustee  of  the  State  Library; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1872;  in  1875  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Arizona,  and  was  re-appointed  in 
1880. 


182 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


French,  Ezra  B.;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
received  a  common  school  education ;  settled  in  Maine ; 
became  Secretary  of  State  of  Maine;  was  a  Represent 
ative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures ; 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Second  Auditor 
of  the  United  States  Treasury;  served  until  his  death, 
April  24,  1880. 

>  French,  Henry  Flagg ;  was  born  at  Chester, 
New  Hampshire,  August  14,  1813;  received  an  aca 
demic  education ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1834;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Chester;  was  County  Solicitor  from  1838  to  1848;  in 
1841  removed  to  Portsmouth,  and  in  1842  to  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire;  was  Bank  Commissioner  from  1848 
to  1852;  was  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
from  1855  to  1859;  in  the  latter  year,  opened  a  law 
office  in  Boston,  Massachusetts;  removed  his  family 
to  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1860;  was  appointed 
Assistant  District  Attorney  for  Suffolk  County  in 
1862,  and  held  the  office  until  1865,  when  he  was 
elected  the  first  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Agri 
cultural  College ;  removed  to  Amherst,  where  the  col 
lege  was  established  in  September,  1865;  being  una 
ble  to  organize  the  college  in  accordance  with  his 
ideas  of  what  such  an  institution  should  be,  he  re 
signed,  in  October,  1866,  and  resinned  the  practice  of 
law  in  Boston;  in  1867  purchased  a  farm  at  Concord, 
Massachusetts,  where  he  took  up  his  residence,  prac 
ticing  his  profession  in  Boston;  in  1876  was  appointed 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury,  at 
Washington,  and  continued  in  that  office  under  suc 
cessive  administrations;  received  the  degree  of  M.  A. 
from  Dartmouth  College  in  1852,  and,  in  1861,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Phi-Beta-Kappa  Society  of 
that  institution ;  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
Agriculture;  was  President  of  the  Rockiugham  Agri 
cultural  Society  from  1852  to  1859;  was,  for  many 
years,  a  regular  contributor  to  several  agricultural, 
and  horticultural  papers  and  magazines;  in  1857  pub 
lished  a  treatise  on  "Farm  Drainage." 

French,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Gilmanton,  New 
Hampshire,  May  28,  1819;  was  apprenticed  to  the 
printing  business;  published  for  five  years  the  Herald 
Oj  Freedo  n;  edited  for  two  years  the  Eastern  Journal, 
in  Maine;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1854,  and  there  edited 
newspapers  called  the  Telegraph,  the  Press,  and  the 
Cleveland  Leader;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legisla 
ture  in  1858  and  1859;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Gov 
ernment  Clerk  in  Washington;  in  1864  a  Tax  Com 
missioner  for  North  Carolina;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  War  De 
partment. 

French,  Richard;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  became  a  prominent 
Judge  in  that  State,  and  the  town  of  Freuchburg 
Avas  named  for  him;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  Clark  County  in  1820  and  1822:  a  Presidential 
Elector  for  Jackson  in  1829;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1835  to  1837;  and  again  from  1847  to 
to  1849. 

French,  Theophilus;  was  a  resident  of  Ohio; 
was  Commissioner  of  Railroads  in  the  Department  of 
the  Interior  from  July,  1878,  to  February,  1882. 

Frey,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831. 


Frick,  Henry;  was  born  in  Northumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1795;  was  educated  as  a 
printer;  became  an  editor  of  a  newspaper  at  Milton; 
served  for  three  sessions  in  the  State  Legislature;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Washington 
City,  March  1,  1844. 

Fries,  George;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  re 
moved  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  a 
second  term  ending  in  1849.  Died  November  13, 
1866. 

Fromentin,  Eligius ;  was  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Louisiana  from  1813  to  1819;  in 
1821  was  Judge  of  the  Criminal  Court  of  New 
Orleans,  and  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Western 
District  of  Florida;  soon  resigned  his  office  and  re 
turned  to  the  practice  of  law  at  New  Orleans.  Died 
of  the  yellow  fever,  October  6,  1822. 

Frost,  George  ;  was  born  April  26,  1720;  in 
1740  left  the  counting-house  of  his  uncle,  Sir  Wil 
liam  Pepperrill,  at  Kittery  Point,  Maine,  and  entered 
one  of  his  vessels  as  supercargo,  following  the  sea  for 
about  twenty  years;  becoming  a  partner  with  Gen 
eral  Richards  of  London,  sailed  to  and  from  that 
part;  about  1760  returned  and  resided  at  New  Castle 
for  four  years;  then  removed  to  Durham;  was  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Stafford  County, 
from  1773  to  1791;  was  for  many  years  Chief  Justice; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1777  to  1779,  and  Councilor  from  1781  to  1784.  Died 
June  21,  1796.  His  father  was  a  commander  in  the 
Royal  Navy  of  England. 

Frost,  Joel;  was  born  in  New  York;  serve;!  in 
the  State  Assembly  in  1806  and  1808;  was  a  R  -pre- 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  18J3  to 
1825. 

Frost,  Richard  G-raham  ;  was  born  at  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  December  29,  1851;  received  a  col 
legiate  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1876; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Frost,  Rufus  S.;  was  born  in  Maryborough,  New 
Hampshire,  July  18,  1826;  removed  to  Boston  in 
1838;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Newton  Academy;  began  mercantile  life  as  a  clerk, 
and  entered  the  dry  goods  commission  business, 
which  he  followed  successfully;  was  elected  Mayor 
of  Chelsea  in  1867.  and  re-elected  in  1868,  with  only 
five  votes  against  him;  was  state  Senator  in  1871  and 
1872;  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  in 
1873  and  1875;  was  for  many  years  a  Director  of  the 
North  National  Bank  of  Boston,  and  a  Trustee  of  the 
Boston  Five  Cent  Savings  Bank;  built  a  fire-proof 
building  in  his  native  town,  placed  in  it  a  library  of 
valuable  books,  and  presented  it  to  the  town,  with 
the  condition  that  it  should  be  for  the  free  use  of  the 
inhabitants;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Fry,  Jacob,  Jr.;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1835  to  1839;  was  at  one  time  Auditor- 
General  of  the  State.  Died  at  Norristown,  Pennsyl 
vania,  November  28,  1866. 

Frye,  "William  P.;  was  born  in  Lewiston,  Maine, 
September  2,  1831;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1850;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1861,  J862,  and  1807;  Mayor 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


183 


of  Lewiston  in  1866  and  1867;  Attorney-General  of 
the  State  in  1867,  1868,  and  1869;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  and  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving 
on  several  committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on 
the  Library;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Conventions  of  1872,  1876,  and  1880;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses;  was  elected  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Maine,  for  the  term  ending  in  1883,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  James 
G.  Elaine;  was  re-elected  for  the  full  term  of  six 
years. 

Fulkerson,  Abram;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Virginia,  in  May,  1834;  graduated  at  the 
Virginia  Military  Institute;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  from 
1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 

1871  and  1873,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1877  and  1879; 
was  elected   a   Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Puller,  Bartholomew ;  was  born  in  North  Car 
olina;  in  1859  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  Fifth 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  serving  as  such  until  1861. 

Fuller,  Benoni  Stinson  ;  was  born  in  Warrick 
County,  Indiana,  November  13,  1825;  was  reared  on 
a  farm;  received  a  common  school  education;  after 
reaching  his  twenty-first  year  became  a  school 
teacher;  in  1856  was  elected  a  County  Sheriff,  and 
re-elected  in  1858;  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  serving  four  years;  in  1866  and  1868  elected 
to  the  lower  house  of  the  Legislature;  in  1870  and 

1872  to  the  Senate  for  a  second  and  third  term;  was 
then  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Fuller,  George  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Fuller,  Henry  M. ;  was  born  in  Bethany,  Wayne 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  3,  1820;  graduated 
at  Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  in  1839;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  in  1848  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to 
1853,  and  from  1855  to  1857.  Died  in  Philadelphia, 
December  26,  1860. 

Fuller,  Jerome  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Min 
nesota;  in  1851  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Fuller,  Philo  C.;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1830;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1833  to  1837;  the  Second 
Assistant  Postmaster-General  from  1841  to  1843; 
Comptroller  of  New  York  in  1851.  Died  at  Geneva, 
August  16,  1855. 

Fuller,  Thomas  J.  D.;  was  born  in  Hardwick, 
Caledonia  County,  Vermont,  March  17,  1808;  was 
left  an  orphan  when  seven  years  of  age ;  spent  his 
boyhood  and  youth  upon  a  farm;  on  attaining  man 
hood,  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833;  removing  to  Maine 
was  elected  State  Attorney  for  his  county  for  three 
years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty-first,  Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  as  an  active  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Commerce;  in  1857  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Second  Auditor  of  the  Treas 
ury,  which  office  he  held  until  1881.  Died  near 
Upperville,  Virginia,  February  13,  1876. 


Fuller,  Timothy ;  was  born  at  Chilmark,  Mar 
tha's  Vineyard,  Massachusetts,  July  11,  1778;  grad 
uated  at  Harvard  University  in  1801 ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  from  1813  to  1817; 
Speaker  of  the  Lower  House  in  1825;  again  a  State 
Representative  in  1831;  a  State  Councilor  in  1831; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1817  to  1825.  Died  at  Groton,  Massachusetts, 
October  1,  1835,  aged  fifty-seven  years.  He  was  the 
father  of  the  distinguished  authoress,  Sarah  Margaret 
Fuller. 

Fuller,  "William  E.;  was  born  at  Ho  ward,  Centre 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  30,  1846;  removed  to 
Iowa  in  his  youth;  was  educated  at  the  Upper  Iowa 
University  and  the  Iowa  State  University,  graduat-, 
ing  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  latter  in  1870, 
as  the  valedictorian  of  his  class;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1866  and  1867  was  employed  in 
the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  AiFairs  in 
the  Department  of  the  Interior,  at  Washington  City; 
was  a  Representative  in  Iowa  Legislature  in  1876 
and  1877,  and  was  one  of  the  most  active  members 
of  that  body,  as  well  as  a  leading  member  of  its 
Judiciary  Committee;  was  several  times  a  member  of 
Republican  State  and  Congressional  Committees;  re 
sided  at  West  Union;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Fuller,  William  K.;  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York  in  1829  and  1830;  at  one  time 
Adjutant-General  of  the  State  Militia;  from  1833  to 
1837  a  Representative  in  Congress. 

Fullerton,  David ;  was  born  in  1771 ;  was  for 
several  years  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Penn 
sylvania;  represented  that  State  in  Congress  from 
1819  to  1820,  when  he  resigned.  Died  at  Green- 
castle,  Pennsylvania,  February  1,  1843. 

Fulton,  Andrew  S. ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Fulton,  John  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  at  Ab- 
ington,  January  28,  1836. 

Fulton,  "William  S.;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  June  2, 1795;  graduated  at  Baltimore  Col 
lege  in  1813,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law  Avith 
William  Pinckney,  but  before  coming  of  age  served 
with  great  credit  in  a  Volunteer  company,  which  was 
assigned  to  the  defence  of  Fort  McIIenry ;  was  aid  to 
Colonel  Armistead,  taking  charge  of  his  company 
during  the  illness  of  that  commander,  and  returned 
with  it  to  the  city  of  Baltimore;  after  peace  was  re 
stored  in  1815,  removed  to  Tennessee  with  his  father's 
family,  and  resumed  the  study  of  law  with  Felix 
Grundy;  in  1818  volunteered  with  the  Nashville 
Guards,  and  was  Private  Secretary  to  General  Jack 
son  during  the  Florida  campaign;  settled  in  Alabama 
in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1829  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Ar 
kansas,  and  in  1835  Governor  of  the  same,  Avhich 
office  he  held  until  that  Territory  was  admitted  into 
the  Union  as  a  State,  when  he  was  elected  a  Senator 
from  Arkansas,  serving  from  1836  to  1844.  Died  at 
Rosewood,  near  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  August  15, 
1844. 

Funston,  Edward  H.;  was  born  in  Clark  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  in  1836;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  his  early 
education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools;  after 
wards  attended  the  academy  at  New  Carlisle,  Ohio, 
and,  later,  the  Marietta  (Ohio)  College;  in  1861 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Six- 


184 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


teenth  Battery  of  Ohio  Volunteers  and  served 
throughout  the  Civil  War;  in  1867  removed  to  Kan 
sas  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Tola;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Kansas  Legislature  in  1873,  1874, 
and  1875,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1880  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  was 
made  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tempore;  March  1, 
1884,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kansas  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  the 
same  year  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth.  Con 
gress. 

Furnass,  R.  "W.;  was  Governor  of  Nebraska  from 

1873  to  1875. 

Pyan,  Robert  W.;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  11,  1835;  studied  law,  and  was 
'admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857;  in  1858  removed  to  Mis 
souri  and  settled  in  Webster  County  in  the  practice 
of  law ;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Civil 
War,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  at  the  close  of  the 
war  was  appointed  Circuit  Attorney  of  therFourteenth 
Judicial  Circuit  of  Missouri;  in  1866  was  elected 
Judge  of  that  circuit,  and  was  re-elected  in  1868, 
1874,  and  1880;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1875;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Gadsden,  Christopher;  was  born  in  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  in  1724;  elected  to  the  New 
York  Congress  of  1765,  to  petition  against  the  Stamp 
Act;  was  a  Delegate  from  that  State  to  the  Continent 
al  Congress  from  1774  to  1776;  during  the  siege  of 
Charleston,  in  1780,  was  taken  prisoner  and  confined 
for  some  months  at  St.  Augustine;  a  parole  was 
offered  him,  which  he  declined;  on  his  release  by  ex 
change,  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State,  but  de 
clined  to  serve  on  account  of  his  age.  Died  August 
28,  1805.  His  grandson,  bearing  the  same  name,  was 
the  third  Episcopal  Bishop  of  South  Carolina. 

Gadsden,  James;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  May  15,  1788;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1806;  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  till 
the  Warof  1812,  when  he  was  Lieutenant  of  Engineers, 
and  served  in  Canada;  was  confidential  aid  to  General 
Jackson  after  the  war,  and  accompanied  him  in  the 
Seminole  War  in  1818,  in  which,  he  distinguished 
himself  and  was  made  Captain,  having  charge  of  the 
construction  of  works  for  the  defense  of  the  Gulf 
frontier;  on  October  19,  1820,  was  appointed  Inspect 
or  General  of  the  Army,  with  rank  of  Colonel;  after 
the  reduction  of  the  army  in  1822,  was  relieved,  and 
assisted  Mr.  Calhoun,  Secretary  of  War,  for  several 
months;  then  became  a  planter  in  Florida;  was  a 
member  of  the  Territorial  Council,  and  as  Commis 
sioner  effected  a  treaty  for  the  removal  of  the  Semi- 
noles  from  Northern  to  Southern  Florida;  was  after 
ward  occupied  in  commerce  and  rice  culture  near 
Charleston;  was  appointed  Minister  to  Mexico  in 
1853,  and  negotiated  the  "  Gadsden  Purchase,"  now 
known  as  Arizona,  for  ten  million  dollars.  Died  in 
Charleston,  December  26,  1858. 

Gage,  Joshua  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  1805  to  1808,  in  1813,  1814,  1820,  and  1821;  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1817  to  1819;  was  a  State  Councilor  in  1822  and 
1823. 

Gaillard,  John ;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  South  Carolina  from  1804  to  1826;  voted 
for  the  War  of  1812;  was  repeatedly  called  to  pre 
side  over  the  Senate  in  the  absence  of  th«  Vice-Presi 
dent.  Died  at  Washington,  February  26,  1826. 


Gaillard,  Theodore ;  was  one  of  the  earliest 
Judges  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  having, 
in  1801,  been  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Fifth 
Circuit;  in  1813  was  appointed,  by  President  Jeffer 
son,  a  District  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  Louis 
iana,  thereby  making  a  transfer  of  position  which  is 
not  common  among  the  Judiciary. 

Gaines,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1849;  was  subsequently  appointed  Governor  of 
Oregon  Territory;  served  as  a  Major  in  the  Mexican 
War  as  Aid  to  General  Scott,  and  suffered  imprison 
ment.  Died  in  Oregon  in  1858. 

Gaither,  Nathan ;  was  born  at  Columbia,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1785 ;  adopted  the  medical  profession ;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  Adair  County 
in  1815,  1816,  1817,  and  1818;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1829;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Twenty-first  and  Twenty-second 
Congresses ;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  State  in  1849;  was  again  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1861. 

Galbraith,  John ;  was  born  in  Peiinsylvania; 
was  bred  a  lawyer;  served  several  terms  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837,  and 
again  from  1839  to  1841.  Died  at  Erie,  June  15, 
1860,  while  holding  the  office  of  United  States  Presi 
dent  Judge  for  the  Sixth  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Galbraith,  William  J.;  was  born  atFreeport, 
Pennsylvania,  February  18,  1837;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Dartmouth  College,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1857;  studied  law  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that 
city  in  1861;  served  as  an  officer  in  the  United  States 
Signal  Corps  from  1861  to  1864;  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession;  removed  to  Iowa;  in  1879  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  Territory  of  Montana,  and  was  re-appointed 
in  1883. 

Gale,  George ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1789  to  1791;  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  to  locate  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac. 

Gale,  Levin;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1827 
to  1829. 

Gale,  William  H.;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Colorado. 

Gale,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Eckington,  England, 
April  10,  1786;  his  father,  bearing  the  same  name, 
was  a  printer,  a  personal  friend  of  the  poet  Mont 
gomery,  and  after  corning  to  Philadelphia  in  1792, 
became  the  first  reporter  of  proceedings  in  the 
American  Congress,  and  in  1799  founded  the  Raleigh 
Register  in  North  Carolina;  the  son  went  with  his 
father  to  Raleigh ;  obtained  a  good  education,  acquired 
the  art  of  stenography,  and  a  knowledge  of  printing 
affairs  j  went  to  Washington  City  in  1807,  and  joined 
as  an  assistant  in  the  Intelligencer,  which  was  a  new 
name  for  the  Gazetteer,  established  by  the  father  in 
Philadelphia,  and  was  removed  with  the  Government; 
became  one  of  the  proprietors  in  1809,  and  from  that 
time  until  his  death,  in  conjunction  with  his  brother- 
in-law,  William  W.  Seatou,  was  the  ruling  spirit  of 
the  great  journal  known  to  the  world  as  The  National 
Intelligencer;  also  held  many  local  offices  of  trust  and 
honor,  and  was  repeatedly  chosen  Mayor  of  Washing- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


185 


ton;  for  many  years  he  was,  with  Mr.  Seaton,  the 
official  publisher  of  the  General  Government.  Died 
at  Washington,  July  21,  1860. 

Gallaher,  John  S.;  was  appointed  Third  Aud 
itor  of  the  Treasury  in  1849,  and  re-appointed  in 
1850,  remaining  in  office  until  1853. 

Gallatin,  Albert;  was  born  at  Geneva,  in  Switz 
erland,  January  29,  1761;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  his  native  city  in  1779;  the  next  year  emi 
grated  to  America;  commenced  his  career  in  Maine, 
then  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  having  been  placed  in 
command  of  a  small  fort  at  Machias;  while  there, 
contributed  largely  from  his  private  funds  to  the  sup 
port  of  the  American  troops;  was  appointed  a  tutor 
at  Harvard  University  in  1782;  removed  t«  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1783,  where  he  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  State  Convention  of  1789,  and  served  in  the 
lower  branch  of  the  Legislature  in  1790  and  1791; 
also  spent  several  years  in  Virginia,  and  in  that  State 
took  the  oath  of  allegiance;  in  1793  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  but  his  seat 
was  vacated  in  1794,  by  a  resolution  of  the  Senate, 
on  the  ground  of  want  of  citizenship  for  a  sufficient 
length  of  time;  soon  after,  without  his  knowledge, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  serving  from  1795  to  1801;  was  in  the 
latter  year  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
President  Jefferson,  and,  as  an  executive  Councilor, 
and  subsequently  diplomatist  and  statesman,  ob 
tained  a  very  high  reputation;  in  1813  went  to  St. 
Petersburg  as  one  of  the  Envoys  Extraordinary  to 
negotiate  with  Great  Britain,  under  the  mediation  of 
Russia,  and,  during  the  following  year,  with  Adams, 
Bayard,  Clay,  and  Russell,  signed  the  Treaty  of 
Ghent;  assisted  also  in  concluding  the  Commercial 
Convention  with  England  at  London  in  1815,  and  re 
sided  at  Paris,  as  Minister  of  the  United  States,  from 
1816  to  1823;  in  1827  obtained  full  indemnification 
from  England  for  injuries  sustained  by  our  citizens, 
for  violating  the  Treaty  of  Ghent;  President  Mad 
ison  tendered  him  a  seat  in  his  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of 
State;  President  Monroe  offered  him  the  post  of  Sec 
retary  of  the  Navy;  he  was  also  nominated  for  Vice- 
president:  all  of  which  honors  he  declined;  in  1828  be 
came  a  citizen  of  New  York,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
promoting  the  literary  and  commercial  interests  of  the 
Empire  City,  and  of  the  Union  at  large;  in  1831  was 
a  member  of  the  "Free  Trade  Convention,"  and 
drew  up  the  memorial  to  Congress,  which  embodied 
the  views  of  the  Democratic  party;  was  President  of 
the  National  Bank  of  New  York,  and  also  of  the 
New  York  Historical  Society  and  the  Ethnological 
Society,  and  advocated  the  establishment  of  the  New 
York  University;  just  before  his  death,  became  iden 
tified  with  the' Smithsonian  Institution;  was  a  fine 
scholar,  and  published  many  papers  on  the  Currency 
and  Finance,  on  Indian  Languages,  and  other  import 
ant  subjects.  Died  at  Astoria,  Long  Island,  August 
12,  1849. 

Gallegos,  Jose  M.;  was  born  in  Rio  Arriba 
County,  New  Mexico,  November  14,  1815;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Academy  of  Taos;  studied  theology  at 
the  College  of  Durango,  Mexico,  where  he  graduated 
in  1849;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
of  Mexico  in  1843,  1844,  1845,  and  1846;  a  member 
of  the  first  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of 
New  Mexico  in  1850  and  1851 ;  was  elected  Delegate 
to  Congress  in  1854;  was  Speaker  of  the  Territorial 
House  of  Representatives  in  I860,  1861,  and  1862; 
Quartermaster-General  of  the  Territorial  Militia,  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Territory  for  five  years;  was  made 
prisoner  of  war  by  the  Texas  Confederate  Troops,  in 
1862,  and  subjected  to  close  confinement:  was  Super 


intendent  of  Indian  Affairs  in  New  Mexico  in  1868; 
was  elected  Delegate  to  the  Forty-second  Congress. 

Gallinger,  Jacob  H.;  was  born  at  Corn  wall,  On 
tario,  March  28,  1837;  being  the  son  of  a  farmer  and 
one  of  twelve  children,  his  time  was  occupied  in  as 
sisting  his  father,  and  his  early  education  was  lim 
ited;  at  the  age  of  twelve  he  became  a  printer's 
apprentice,  and  served  four  years;  at  the  expiration 
of  his  apprenticeship  he  went  to  Ogdensburg,  New 
York,  and  worked  as  a  journeyman  for  one  year, 
when  he  returned  to  Cornwall  and  took  charge,  as 
editor  and  foreman,  of  the  paper  upon  which  he 
had  served  as  apprentice,  at  the  same  time  receiving 
instruction  from  a  competent  teacher;  in  1855  went 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  began  the  study  of  medicine, 
graduating  in  1858,  as  valedictorian  of  his  class;  his 
vacations  were  passed  in  various  capacities  in  the 
office  of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  and  in  study  and 
literary  work;  after  practicing  in  Cincinnati  for  a 
year,  in  1860,  he  removed  to  New  Hampshire,  and 
settled  at  Concord  in  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
was,  for  seven  years,  President  of  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Homeopathic  Medical  Society;  in  1868  received 
an  honorary  degree  from  the  New  York  Homeo 
pathic  Medical  College,  and  has  also  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Dartmouth  College; 
in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1873;  in  1876  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention; 
in  1878  was  elected  State  Senator,  and  re-elected  in 
1879;  was  President  of  the  Senate  during  his  second 
term;  in  1882  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  State 
Committee,  and  was  thrice  re-elected;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Galloway,  Joseph;  was  born  in  1730;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania  in  1764, 
officiating  as  Speaker;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1774  and  1775,  and  a  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  subsequently  de 
serted  the  American  cause  and  joined  the  British  in 
New  York;  in  1779  was  examined  before  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  his  testimony  was  not  creditable 
to  the  British  commander  in  America;  died  in  En 
gland  in  1803.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
political  pamphlets  bearing  upon  the  conduct  and 
the  consequences  of  the  war,  which  were  published 
in  London,  and  attracted  much  attention. 

Galloway,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1811;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1819; 
graduated  at  the  Miami  University  in  1833;  was  a 
Professor  in  that  institution,  as  well  as  in  Hanover 
College,  in  Indiana;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1842;  was  at  one  time  Secretary  of  State;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  a  benevolent  man,  and  noted  for  his  elo 
quence  as  an  orator. 

Gallup,  Albert ;  was  at  one  time  Sheriff  of 
Albany  County,  New  York ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1841 ;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Collector  of  Albany. 
Died  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  November,  1851. 

Galusha,  Jonas ;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  in  1753;  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and 
served  at  Bennington,  Vermont;  was  a  member  of 
the  Council  from  1793  to  1798,  and  again  from  1801 
to  1805:  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
1800;  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  from  1795 
to  1797,  and  from  1800  to  1806;  Governor  of  Vermont 
from  1809  to  1813,  and  from  1815  to  1820.  Died  at 
Shaftsbury,  Vermont,  October  8,  1834. 


18G 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Gamble,  Hamilton  R.;  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Missouri  at  the 
opening  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861,  and  was  made 
Acting  and  Provisional  Governor  of  that  State,  when 
the  regular  Governor,  C.  F.  Jaekson,  joined  the 
Confederacy.  Died  January  31,  1874. 

Q-amble,  James;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
'was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Gamble,  Roger  L.;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  from  1841  to  1843;  afterwards 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  State.  Died 
December  20,  1847. 

Gannett,  Barzilla  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni- 
•versity  in  1785;  served  four  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1809  to  1811. 

Gannt,  E.  W.;  was  born  in  Tennessee,  March 
17,  1832;  received  a  good  education;  removed  to  Ar 
kansas  in  1850;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con- 
-gress  in  1860,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  taken  his 
seat;  in  1873  prepared  a  digest  of  the  laws  of  Ar 
kansas;  soon  afterwards  was  appointed  Commissioner 
to  the  Centennial  Exhibition.  Died  at  his  home, 
June  10,  1874. 

Gansevoort,  Leonard ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
New  York  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1787  and 
1788. 

Ganson,  John ;  was  born  in  Le  Roy,  Genesee 
.'County,  New  York,  January  1,  1818;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1839;  adopted  the  profession  of 
ithe  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
,1862:  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
[the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Comniit- 
'tee  on  Elections;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago 
Convention"  of  1864.  Died  in  "Buffalo,  New  York, 
September  28,  1874. 

Garber.  Silas ;  was  Governor  of  Nebraska  from 
1875  to  1879. 

Garcelon,  Alonzo;  was  born  at  Lewiston, 
Maine,  in  1813;  was  educated  at  Bowdoin  College, 
graduating  therefrom  in  1836;  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Medical  College  in  1839;  in  the  same  year  com 
menced  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Lewiston,  Maine; 
was  Mayor  of  Lewiston  for  a  time;  served  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Maine  Legislature; 
was  Surgeon-General  on  the  staff  of  the  Governor  of 
Maine  during  the  Civil  War;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Congress  in  1868  and  for  Governor  in 
1878;  there  having  been  no  choice  for  Governor  at 
the  election  in  1878 — no  candidate  having  received  a 
majority  of  all  the  votes  cast — under  the  Constitution 
of  Maine  the  election  of  a  Governor  devolved  upon 
the  Legislature,  which,  being  Democratic  by  a  small 
majority,  elected  Mr.  Garcelon  to  the  office. 

Gardenier,  Barent;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1807  to  1811. 

Gardiner,  Mills ;  was  born  in  Russellville,  Ohio, 
January  30, 1830;  in  1854  removed  to  Fayette  Count}', 
Ohio;  received  a  common  school  education;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855  and  began 
practice;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Fayette  Coun 
ty  for  four  years;  a  State  Senator  from  1862  to  1864; 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864;  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  from  1866  to  1868;  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1873;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con- 
gre-w. 


Gardner,  Charles  K.;  was  born  in  Morris  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  in  1787;  was  Ensign  in  the  Sixth 
Infantry  in  1808;  Captain  in  1812;  Brigade-Major  in 
1812;  Assistant  Adjutant-General  in  1813;  Major  of 
Twenty-fifth  Infantry  in  1813:  Adjutant-General  in 
1814;  Brevet  Lieutenant -Colonel  for  distinguished 
service  in  1815;  Major  of  Third  Infantry,  and  Adju 
tant-General  of  Division  of  the  North;  resigned  in 
1818;  w  as  in  the  battles  of  Chrystlers  Fields,  Chip- 
pewa,  and  Niagara,  and  at  the  siege  and  defense  of 
Fort  Erie;  in  1822  and  1823  edited  the  New  York 
Patriot]  was  the  author  of  a  "Compendium  of  In 
fantry  Tactics"  in  1819;  "Dictionary  of  the  Army 
of  the  United  States,"  in  1853;  Second  Edition,  1860; 
was  Senior  Assistant  Postmaster-General  in  1829; 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury  from  1836  to  1841;  Post 
master  at  Washington  City  from  1845  to  1849;  Sur 
veyor-General  of  Oregon  from  1849  to  1853;  was 
afterwards  in  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washing 
ton  until  1867;  he  was  the  father  of  General  Frank 
Gardner,  who  surrendered  Port  Hudson  to  the  Fed 
eral  Army  in  1863.  Died  in  Washington,  November 
1,  1869. 

Gardner,  Francis ;  was  born  in  Leominster, 
Massachusetts.  December  27,  1771;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1807  to  1809.  Died  at  Rox- 
bury,  Massachusetts,  June  25,  1835. 

Gardner,  Gideon;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1809  to  1811. 

Gardner,  Henry  J.;  was  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts  from  the  year  1855  to  1858. 

Gardner,  Joseph  ;  was  a  Delegate  from   Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental   Congress  in  1784  and 
'  1785. 

Garfleld,  James  A.;  was  bom  in  Orange,  Cuy- 
ahoga  County,  Ohio,  November  19,  1831 ;  graduated 
at  Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  in  1856;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1859  and  1860  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Senate;  in  1861  entered  the 
army  as  Colonel  of  the  Forty-second  Regiment  of 
Volunteers;  was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in 
1862,  the  day  that  he  fought  in  the  battle  of  Middle 
Creek,  Kentucky;  subsequently  served  at  Shiloh, 
Corinth,  and  in  Alabama,  and  early  in  1863  was 
appointed  Chief  of  Staff  to  General  Rosecrans,  with 
whom  he  served  until  alter  the  battle  of  Chickamau- 
ga;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  before  taking 
his  seat  in  Congress  wyas  appointed  a  Major-General 
of  Volunteers  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Georgia,  from  Septem 
ber  19,  1863;  "  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ways  and 
Means,  on  the  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York,  and  as 
Chairman  of  that  on  a  Bureau  of  Education;  was  also 
a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of 
1866,  and  to  the  "Soldiers'  Convention,"  held  in 
Pittsburg;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  old  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the  four 
succeeding  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Banking  and  Currency,  the  Census, 
and  the  Committee  on  Appropriations,  and  as  Regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  in  1872  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Williams  College,  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses; 
in  1880  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881;  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year  was  elected  President  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


187 


United  States,  and  resigned  the  positions  of  member 
of  Congress  and  Senator;  was  installed  in  the  Presi 
dency  on  March  4,  1881;  on  July  second,  of  that  year, 
as  he  was  passing  through  the  railroad  depot  at 
Washington,  was  shot  in  the  back  by  an  assassin; 
after  a  lingering  illness  the  wound  proved  fatal, 
causing  death  on  September  19,  1881. 

G-arfielde,  Selucius ;  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
Vermont,  December  8,  1822;  removed  to  Kentucky 
in  early  life ;  was  educated  at  Augusta  College ;  read 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1849  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution;  spent  the  following  year  in  South 
••America;  emigrated  to  California  in  1851;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State-in 
1852,  and  in  1853  was  selected  to  codify  the  laws  of 
the  State;  returned  to  Kentucky  in  1854;  was  a 
member  of  the  Cincinnati  National  Convention  in 
1856;  an  Elector  in  that  canvass;  removed  to  Wash 
ington  Territory  in  1857,  where  he  filled  the  position 
of  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in  1860;  was  Sur 
veyor-General  from  1866  to  1869 ;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  and  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress.  Died  at  Washington,  D. 
C.,  April  13,  1883. 

Garland,  A.  H.;  was  born  in  Tipton  County, 
Tennessee,  June  11,  1832;  was  taken  to  Arkansas  in 
the  following  year;  graduated  at  St.  Joseph's  College, 
Bardstown,  Kentucky,  in  1849;  studied  law,  and 
after  coining  to  the  bar  settled  at  Little  Rock;  op 
posed  the  early  movements  of  the  Rebellion,  but 
finally  joined  the  State  in  the  Southern  cause;  served 
in  the  Confederate  Congress;  was  subsequently  chos 
en  to  the  United  States  Senate,  but  refused  admis 
sion;  in  1874  was  for  a  short  time  Acting  Secretary 
of  State  of  Arkansas;  was  elected  Governor  of  that 
State  in  1874;  in  1876  was  elected  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Arkansas  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March,  1877;  was  re-elected  for  another  term  in  1882, 
receiving  the  entire  vote  of  his  own  party  and  of  the 
Republicans  in  the  State  Legislature;  but  three  votes 
being  cast  against  him;  in  March,  1885,  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Cabinet  of  President  Cleveland. 

Garland,  David  S.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  in 
October,  1841. 

Garland,  Hugh  A.;  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  June  1,  1805;  was  grandson  of  General 
John  Garland;  graduated  at  Hampden  Sidney  Col 
lege  in  1825;  was  Professor  of  Greek  in  that  college 
for  five  years;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1841;  served  five  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was 
Clerk  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives  from 
1838  to  1841;  acquired  a  competence  by  his  profes 
sion,  but  by  various  misfortunes  was  reduced  to 
poverty;  when  in  his  fortieth  year  removed  to  Mis 
souri,  and  was  again  successful  in  his  profession; 
two  books  which  he  published  (the  Lives  of  John 
Randolph  and  Thomas  Jefferson)  were  eminently 
successful.  Diediat  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  October  14, 
1854.  His  son,  bearing  his  name,  was  killed  in  one 
of  the  battles  in  Tennessee  during  the  Rebellion, 
whilst  fighting  against  the  Union. 

Garland,  James  ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

Garland,  Rice  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  removed 
to  Louisiana;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1834  to  1840;  resigned  to  become 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Louisiana. 


Garnett,  James  M.;  was  born  at  Elm  wood,  in 
Essex  County,  Virginia,  June  8,  1770;  served  for 
several  years  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his 
native  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia,  from  1805  to  1809;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  assembled  at  Richmond  in  1829  to  revise 
the  Constitution  of  Virginia;  was  interested  in  the 
cause  of  education,  and  devoted  to  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture,  having  presided  over  the  Agricultural 
Society  of  Fredericksburg  for  more  than  twenty 
years,  and  toiled  laboriously  for  the  formation  of  a 
National  Agricultural  Society.  Died  at  El  in  wood, 
May,  1843,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Garnett,  Muscoe  R.  H.;  Avas  born  in  Essex 
County,  Virginia;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Virginia;  studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  the  State  in  1850;  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  in  1853,  1854,  1855,  and 
1856,  and  during  the  latter  session  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Finance;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  as  a  Representative  from  Virginia, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Conventions  at  Baltimore 
and  Cincinnati,  in  18,52  and  1856  respectively;  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Garnett,  Robert  S.;  was  a  native  of  Essex 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1827. 

Garnsey,  Daniel  G.;  was  born  in  Saratoga 
County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1830. 

Garrard,  James  ;  was  born  in  Stafford  County, 
Virginia,  January  14,  1749;  was  an  officer  of  the 
Revolution;  afterward  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia,  where  he  was  an  advocate  of  the  Relig 
ious  Freedom  Bill;  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Kentucky ;  in  1782  settled  near  Paris,  Bourbon  County ; 
was,  for  several  terms,  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
Legislature;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1796 
to  1804.  Died  at  Mount  Lebanon,  Bourbon  County, 
January  19,  1822.  The  hero  of  the  battle  of  "  Wild 
Cat,"  in  1802,  was  his  son. 

Garrett,  Abraham  E. ;  was  born  in  Overton, 
March  6,  1830;  received  his  education  in  country 
schools  and  at  Poplar  Spring  College,  Kentucky; 
studied  law,  but  became  a  farmer;  served  in  the 
army  during  the  war;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Tennessee  in  1865,  and  to  the  State  Senate  in  1867; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Garrison,  Daniel;  was  born  in  Salem  County, 
New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Jersey  from  1823  to  1827. 

Garrison,  George  Tankard ;  was  born  in  Ac- 
comae  County,  Virginia,  January  14,  1835;  graduated 
at  Dickenson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1853,  and  at 
the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1857; 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  and,  subsequently,  a  State 
Senator  during  the  existence  of  the  Confederacy;  was 
Circuit  Judge  from  1870  to  1880;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Garrow,  Nathaniel;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829. 

Garth,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Morgan  Coun 
ty,  Alabama,  October  28,  1827;  was  educated  at  La 
Grange,  and  at  Emory  and  Heury  College,  Virginia; 


188 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


studied  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Gartlin,  Alfred;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1823  to  1825. 

G-artrell,  Lucius  J. ;  was  born  in  Wilkes  County, 
Georgia,  January  7,  1821 ;  educated  at  Randolph 
Macon  College,  Virginia,  and  Franklin  College, 
Athens,  Georgia;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1843  was  elected,  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
Georgia,  Solicitor-General  of  the  Northern  Judicial 
Circuit;  resigned  in  1847,  on  being  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Legislature;  was  re-elected  in  1849; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  of  Georgia  in 
1856;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Georgia;  was  one  of  the 
Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treas 
ury  Department;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections ;  with 
drew  in  1861,  and  retired  to  Georgia. 

G-arvin,  William  S.;  was*  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1845  to  1847. 

Gaston,  William ;  was  born  in  Newberne,  North 
Carolina,  September  19,  1778;  his  early  education 
was  conducted  by  his  mother;  advanced  at  the  Cath 
olic  College  of  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1796;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1798;  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  one  term  as 
Speaker;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1808;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from 
1813  to  1817;  in  1834  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court;  in  1835  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Convention  to  amend  the  Constitution;  continued  on 
the  bench  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
January  23,  1844;  was  an  able  and  successful  law 
yer,  and  an  upright  judge,  had  a  taste  for  polite  lit 
erature,  and  is  remembered  in  North  Carolina  as  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  citizens  of  that  State. 

Gates,  Seth  Merrill ;  was  born  in  Winfield, 
Herkimer  County,  New  York,  October  16,  1800;  was 
self-educated;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice 
in  1827;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1832, 
declining  a  re-election;  in  1838  purchased,  and  be 
came  editor  of  the  Le  Roy  Gazette;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty -sixth  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Twenty-seventh  Con 
gress.  In  his  paper  and  in  Congress  he  advocated 
the  right  of  petition,  and  on  account  of  his  hostility 
to  slavery  a  reward  of  five  hundred  dollars  was 
offered  by  a  southern  planter  for  his  person.  At  the 
close  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress  he  drew  up  a 
protest  against  the  annexation  of  Texas,  which  was 
signed  by  twenty-two  Representatives — John  Quincy 
Adams  heading  the  list  of  names;  in  1848  was  the 
Free-soil  candidate  for  Lieu  tenant-Governor  of  New 
York. 

Gause,  Lucien  Cotesworth ;  was  born  at 
Laurel  Hill  Place,  Brunswick  County,  North  Caro 
lina,  December  25,  1838;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Lauderdale  County,  Tennessee,  when  quite  young; 
was  educated  at  a  county  school  until  sixteen  years 
of  age,  and  then  at  the  University  of  Virginia; 
studied  law  at  Cumberland  University,  Tennessee; 
graduated  there;  removed  to  Jacksonport,  Arkansas, 
to  practice,  in  1859;  enlisted  in  the  infantry  service 
of  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861;  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel ;  surrendered  at  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  May 


26,  1865;  returned  to  Jacksonport  in  July,  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1866  served  one  term 
in  the  General  Assembly,  and  was  appointed  one  of 
the  State  Commissioners  to  visit  Washington,  in  sup 
port  of  the  existing  State  Government;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  in  1872  by  the  Demo 
crats,  but  his  seat  was  contested  by  his  competitor, 
and  the  case  was  never  determined;  in  1874  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Gay,  Edward  J.;  was  born  at  Liberty,  Bedford 
County,  Virginia,  February  3,  1816;  in  1820  r^ 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Illinois,  and  thence  tc 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  1824;  his  early  education  was 
acquired  from  a  private  tutor,  and  in  1833  and  1834 
he  attended  Augusta  College,  Kentucky;  was  early 
familiarized  with  business  affairs,  by  assisting  his 
father  in  important  commercial  transactions,  and  was 
largely  interested  in  commercial  affairs  at  St.  Louis 
from  1838  to  1860;  in  1855  removed  to  Louisiana, 
finally  settling  at  Plaqiiemine,  in  that  State;  became 
largely  engaged  in  commercial,  manufacturing,  and 
agricultural  pursuits;  in  1883,  upon  the  foundation 
of  the  Louisiana  Sugar  Exchange,  at  New  Orleans, 
was  elected  its  first  President;  in  1884  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Gayarre,  Charles  E.  A.;  was  born  in  Louisi 
ana,  January  3,  1805;  was  educated  at  the  College  of 
New  Orleans;  in  1826  went  to  Philadelphia  and  stud 
ied  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829,  and  re 
turned  home;  in  1830  was  elected  to  the  Legislature; 
in  1831  was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney-General;  in 
1833  Presiding  Judge  of  the  City  Court  of  New  Or 
leans;  and  in  1835  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
but  ill  health  prevented  him  from  taking  his  seat; 
went  to  Europe,  where  he  spent  a  number  of  years, 
and  on  his  return,  in  1843,  was  again  returned  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1846  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State,  in  which  capacity  he  served  seven 
years;  as  an  author  he  acquired  a  high  position,  his 
leading  works  being  "History  of  Louisiana,"  "Ro 
mance  of  the  History  of  Louisiana,"  "  Spanish  Dom 
ination  in  Louisiana, ' '  a  dramatic  novel  called  ' '  The 
School  of  Politics,"  and  a  work  on  "The  Influence 
of  the  Mechanic  Arts." 

Gayle,  John;  was  born  in  Sumter  District, 
South  Carolina,  September  11,  1792;  was  educated 
at  South  Carolina  College;  emigrated  to  Alabama  in 
1813;  in  1817  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Terri 
torial  Legislature;  was  Solicitor  of  the  First  Judicial 
District  on  the  organization  of  the  State  Government; 
in  1823  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State;  in  1829  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1831  was 
elected  Governor,  and  re-elected  in  1833;  was  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1836  and  in  1840;  in  1847  was 
elected  from  Mobile  County  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress;  in  1849  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  Alabama.  Died  near  Mobile, 
July  21,  1859. 

Gaylord,  Augustine  S.;  was  born  in  1825;  was 
a  successful  lawyer  in  Michigan  for  many  years;  in 
November,  1875,  was  appointed  an  Assistant  Attor 
ney-General  of  the  United  States  for  the  Interior  De 
partment. 

Gaylord,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Gazley,  James  W.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1825. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


189 


Gear,  John  H.;  was  Governor  of  Iowa  Iroin  1878 

to  1882. 

G-eary,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  about  1820;  taught  school: 
was  a  merchant's  clerk  in  Pittsburg;  afterwards 
studied  at  Jefferson  College,  and  became  a  civil  en 
gineer,  and  was  several  years  connected  with  the 
Allegheny  Portage  Railroad;  was  Lieutenant-Colo 
nel  of  Roberts'  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers 
in  the  Mexican  War,  and  commanded  his  regiment 
at  Chapultepec,  where  he  was  wounded,  but  resumed 
his  command  the  same  day  at  the  attack  on  Belen 
Gate;  for  meritorious  conduct  on  that  occasion,  was 
made  first  Commander  of  the  city  of  Mexico  after  its 
capture,  and  Colonel  of  his  regiment;  in  1849  removed 
to  California,  and  was  Postmaster  of  San  Francisco; 
was  first  Alcalde  of  that  city,  and  its  first  Mayor;  in 
1852  returned  to  his  farm  at  Westmoreland  County, 
Pennsylvania;  from  July,  1856,  to  March,  1857,  was 
Governor  of  Kansas;  in  1861  returned  to  Pennsyl 
vania  and  raised  and  equipped  the  Twenty-eighth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  commanded  in  several  en 
gagements  in  that  year;  occupied  Leesburg,  Virginia, 
in  March,  1862;  was  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers 
in  1862;  was  wounded  in  the  arm  at  Cedar  Mount 
ain  ;  led  the  Second  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  at 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  and  Gettysburg  in 
1863;  commanded  the  Second  Division  of  the  Twen 
tieth  Corps  in  Sherman's  Georgia  and  South  Carolina 
campaigns;  was  appointed  Military  Governor  of 
Savannah  on  its  capture  in  1864;  was  chosen  Gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania  in  1867.  Died  at  Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  February  8,  1873. 

G-ebhard,  John;  was  born  in  Claverack,  New 
York ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1821  to  1823. 

Geddes,  George  "W.;  was  born  at  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Ohio,  July  16,  1824;  received  a  common-school 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1845,  and  engaged  in  practice;  was  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  Dis 
trict  from  1856  to  1866,  and  again  from  1868  to  1873; 
was  the  candidate  of  his  party  for  Supreme  Judge  in 
1871,  but  was  defeated;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh, 
Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Geddes,  James ;  was  born  near  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  July  22,  1763;  obtained  a  limited  ed ideation 
while  working  upon  a  farm;  removing  to  New  York, 
he  organized,  in  1794,  a  company  for  the  manufacture 
of  salt  at  Onondaga;  in  1800  was  elected  a  magistrate; 
in  1804  and  in  1821  was  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1809  was  an  Associate  County  Justice;  in  1812  Judge 
of  the  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815;  in  1822  was 
appointed  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Ohio  Canal;  in  1827 
assisted  in  locating  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal, 
as  well  as  the  Pennsylvania  Canal.  Died  August  19, 
1838. 

Geddes,  John  ;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina 
from  1818  to  1820;  Speaker  of  the  South  Carolina 
House  of  Representatives.  Died  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  March  5,  1828,  aged  about  fifty-five  years. 

Gentry,  Meredith  P.;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1811;  studied  law  and  settled  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Tennessee;  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  1835  and  1837;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1843,  and  from  1845  to  1853;  took  part  in  the  Re 
bellion  as  a  member  of  the  "Confederate  Congress." 
Died  November  3,  1866.  He  was  quite  distinguished 
us  an  orator,  and  very  popular  as  a  man. 


George,  James  Z.;  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1828; 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Mississippi,  when  a  lad ; 
received  a  public  school  education;  served  in  the 
army  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  practice;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  in  command  of  a 
regiment;  was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State 
Committee  of  1875  and  1876;  was  elected  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Mississippi  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881. 

George.  M.  O.;  was  born  in  Noble  County, Ohio, 
May  13,  1849;  received  a  good  education,  completing 
it  at  Willamette  University,  Oregon;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  practice  at 
Portland,  Oregon,  in  1877;  was  a  State  Senator  for 
four  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon 
to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty -eighth  Congresses. 

German,  Obadiah  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1809  to  1815.  Died  September 
24,  1842. 

Gerry,  Elbridge ;  was  born  at  Marblehead,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July,  1744:  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1762;  devoted  himself  for  several  years  to 
commercial  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1773,  and  was  appointed  on  the  Committee 
on  Correspondence;  from  1776  to  1785  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence;  also  the  Articles  of 
Confederation;  while  in  Congress  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  of  Public  Safety  and  Supplies,  and 
when  the  Committee  were  in  session  at  Menotomy, 
he,  with  Colonel  Orne,  escaped  from  the  British  troops 
at  night  by  fleeing  to  a  cornfield,  while  the  house  was 
searched  for  them;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
but  declined  subscribing  to  it;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1793 ;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Federal 
Congress  from  1789  to  1793;  in  1797  was  appointed 
Minister  to  France;  in  1804  was  one  of  the  Presiden 
tial  Electors;  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1810 
and  1811;  in  1813  was  inaugurated  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States;  and  filled  the  office  until  his 
his  death,  which  took  place  at  Washington,  Novem 
ber  23,  1814. 

Gerry,  Elbridge ;  was  born  in  Water  ford,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine,  December  6,  1815;  received  an 
academic  education ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1839;  in  1840  was  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Maine;  in  1842  was  appointed 
State's  Attorney  for  Oxford  County,  and  elected  the 
following  year;  in  1846  was  elected  to  the  State  Leg 
islature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maine  from  1849  to  1851.  The  signer  of  the  Declar 
ation  of  Independence,  bearing  the  same  name,  was 
his  grandfather. 

Gerry,  James ;  was  born  in  Maryland ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Gervais,  John  L.;  was  a  Delegate  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782  to 
1783. 

Getz,  J.  Lawrence ;  was  born  in  Reading,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  14,  1821;  received  an  academic 
education  in  Reading  and  in  Nottingham,  Maryland; 
read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  having  turned 
his  attention  to  the  newspaper  business,  was  for 
twenty  years  the  editor  of  the  Reading  Gazette  and 
Democrat;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1857  re-elected  and  made  Speaker  of  thfr 


190 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


House;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Mileage,  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Bounties,  and  Public  Expenditures;  re-elected  to  the 
two  subsequent  Congresses,  serving  on  important 
Committees. 

Greyer  Henry  S.;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Maryland,  in  1798;  early  in  life  removed  to  Missouri; 
served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  Captain  of  the 
first?  Militia  company  formed  in  the  State  of  his  adop 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  became 
eminent  as  a  practitioner;  took  an  active  part  in  pol 
itics,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  a  State  Constitution ;  was  an  active  member 
of  the  first  two  sessions  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  chosen  Speaker  during  his  second  term;  suc 
ceeded  Mr.  Benton  in  the  United  States  Senate,  where 
he  served  from  1851  to  1857;  while  in  Washington 
participated  as  Attorney  in  the  Dred  Scott  case; 
was  a  man  of  ability,  of  pleasing  manners,  and  of 
high  character.  Died  at  St.  Louis,  March  5,  1859. 

Gholson,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  18:20;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1833  to 
1835.  Died  at  Brunswick,  Virginia,  July  2,  1848, 
aged  fifty  years. 

Gholson,  S.  J. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi  from  1837  to  1838 ;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Mississippi. 

G-holson,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1808  to  1816. 

Gibbons,  Thomas  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Georgia;  in 
1801  was  appointed  District  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  State  of  Georgia. 

Gibbons,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Geor 
gia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1786. 

Gibbs,  Addison  C.;  was  born  at  East  Otto, 
Cataraugus  County,  New  York,  July  9,  1825;  was 
educated  at  Griffith  Institute,  Springville,  and  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Albany,  New  York,  from 
which  latter  he  graduated;  taught  scaool  and  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Albany  in  1849,  and 
commenced  practice  in  Jefferson  County,  New  York ; 
in  1850  removed  to  Oregon;  in  1851  was  a  volunteer 
in  the  Indian  War  in  Oregon;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  Legislature  during  the  session  of  1852-53;  was 
Collector  of  Customs  for  the  Southern  District  of 
Oregon  from  1853  to  1857;  in  1858,  against  his  wish, 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  First  Judi 
cial  District,  but  declined  to  qualify,  and  the  office 
was  filled  by  appointment  of  the  Governor;  in  the 
fall  of  1858  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  con 
tinued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1862  was 
elected  Governor  of  Oregon,  and  served  four  years; 
was  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  revise  the  State 
Code  in  1863;  at  the  close  of  his  term  as  Governor 
was  nominated,  by  his  party,  for  United  States  Sen 
ator;  in  order  to  harmonize  differences  and  unite  the 
party,  after  nineteen  ballots  had  been  taken,  during 
which  time  he  came  within  one  vote  of  an  election, 
withdrew  from  the  contest;  resumed  the  practice  of 
law,  and  was  twice  elected  District  Attorney;  was 
Deputy  United  States  District  Attorney  for  four 
years,  and  United  States  District  Attorney  for  two 
years. 

Gibbs,  Richard;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  April,  1875,  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  to  Peru. 


Gibbs,  "William  Channing ;  was  Governor  of 
Rhode  Island  from  1821  to  1824.  Died  in  Newport, 
Rhode  Island,  February  21,  1871,  aged  eighty-four 
years. 

Gibson,  Charles  Hopper;  was  born  in  Queen 
Anne  County,  Maryland,  January  19,  1842  ;  was 
educated  at  the  Archer  School,  in  Harford  County, 
Maryland,  at  Centreville  Academy,  and  at  Washing 
ton  College,  Chestertown ;  was  a  clerk  in  the  insur 
ance  office  of  an  uncle  in  Baltimore  for  two  years;  in 
1862  began  the  study  of  law  at  Easton,  Maryland; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Easton;  in  1867  was  nominated, 
by  President  Johnson,  to  be  a  Collector  of  Internal 
Revenue,  but  was  not  confirmed  by  the  Senate;  in 
1869  was  appointed  Auditor  and  Commissioner  in 
Chancery;  in  1870  resigned  to  accept  the  office  of 
State's  Attorney  for  Talbot  County,  Maryland,  to 
which  he  was  appointed  by  the  Court;  was  elected  to 
the  office,  in  1871,  for  a  full  term,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1875;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Gibson,  Eustace  ;  Avas  born  at  Culpeper,  Vir 
ginia,  October  4,  1841;  was,  to  a  large  extent,  self- 
educated,  having  left  school  at  the  age  of  thirteen 
years;  in  1856  went  to  Kansas,  and  was  on  the 
Southern  side  of  the  "John  Brown  War";  returned 
to  Virginia  in  1857;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1860;  in  1861  volunteered  as  a  private 
in  the  Confederate  Army,  and  was  elected  a  First 
Lieutenant;  in  1863  was  disabled  by  wounds,  and 
was  placed  on  the  retired  list  with  the  rank  of  Cap 
tain;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1867;  in  1871  settled  at  Huntington,  West 
Virginia,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  which 
he  speedily  acquired  eminence;  in  1876  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  West  Virginia  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Gibson,  James  King  ;  was  born  in  Abington, 
Virginia,  February  18,  1812;  received  a  common 
school  education;  went  to  Alabama  in  1833,  and  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  returned  to  Virginia 
and  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Washington  County  in 

1834  and  1835;    was  a  merchant  in  Abington  from 

1835  to  1840;  Postmaster  at  Abington  from  1838  until 
1849;   was  teller  in  the  Exchange  Bank  of  Virginia 
at  Abington  in   1849,  and  Notary  Public:  after  the 
war  became  a  farmer;    was  elected  to  the  Forty -first 
Congress,  serving  on  several  committees. 

Gibson,  John ;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pennsyl 
vania,  May  23,  1740;  received  a  classical  education; 
was  an  Indian  trader  at  Fort  Du  Quesne,  where  he 
was  captured  by  the  Indians,  and  his  life  was  saved 
by  becoming  the  adopted  son  of  a  squaw;  in  1774 
rendered  good  service  in  the  Dunrnore  Expedition 
against  the  Shawnees,  securing  peace  and  the  release 
of  many  prisoners;  served  with  credit  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  Army  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  on  the 
frontiers;  in  1788  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Constitutional  Convention;  long  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  a  General  of  Militia;  in 
1800  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  In 
diana,  holding  the  position  until  it  became  a  State; 
was  Acting  Governor  of  Indiana  from  1811  to  1813. 
Died  near  Vincennes,  April  10,  1822.  His  brother, 
George,  also  distinguished  himself  as  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolution. 

Gibson,  Randall  Lee  ;  was  born  in  Springfield, 
Kentucky,  September  10,  1832;  began  his  education 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


at  Lexington  with  a  private  tutor;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1853,  and  in  the  Law  Department  of  the 
University  of  Louisiana  in  1855;  spent  three  years  in 
study,  and  traveled  in  Europe;  was  settled  as 
a  planter  in  Louisiana  when  the  Civil  War  began, 
and  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  private 
soldier;  rose  to  the  command  of  a  division;  after  the 
war  began  the  practice  of  law  in  New  Orleans;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty  -  seventh  Congresses;  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  from  Louisi 
ana,  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1883. 

Giddings,  De  "Witt  C.;  was  born  in  Susque- 
hanna  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  18,  1827;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law  at  Honesdale; 
removed  to  Texas;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852, 
and  practiced ;  entered  the  Confederate  service,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1866;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Land  Claims  and  Indian  Affairs;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Giddings,  Joshua  R.;  was  born  at  Athens, 
Bradford  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  6,  1795;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  practiced  in  Ohio;  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1826;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1838  to  1859;  was 
for  many  years  recognized  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Anti-slavery  party,  and  was  the  author  of  a  book  on 
Florida,  and  also  of  a  "  History  of  the  Great  Rebel 
lion";  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
Coiisul-General  of  British  North  America.  Died  at 
Montreal,  suddenly,  May  27,  1864. 

Giddings,  Marsh;  was  appointed  Governor  of 
New  Mexico  in  1871 ;  held  the  office  four  years.  Died 
in  June,  1875. 

Gi?ford,  Oscar  Sherman ;  was  born  at  Water- 
town,  New  York,  October  20,  1842;  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  his  youth ;  received  a  common  school  and  aca 
demic  education;  served  in  the  Union  Army  as  pri 
vate  in  the  Elgin  (Illinois)  Battery  from  1863  to  1865; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Canton,  Dakota; 
was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Lincoln  County  in 
1874;  in  1882  and  1883  was  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Can 
ton  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  Dakota  which  convened  at  Sioux  Falls  September 
7,  1883;  was  elected  Delegate  from  Dakota  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Gilbert,  Abijah ;  was  born  in  Gilbertsville, 
Otsogo  County,  New  York,  June  18,  1806,  the  eldest 
of  eighteen  children ;  was  a  student  at  Hamilton  Col 
lege,  but  ill-health  prevented  him  from  graduating; 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  New  York  and 
elsewhere;  removed  to  Florida  for  the  health  of  his 
family;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  for  the  term  commencing  in  1869  and  ending 
in  1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture 
and  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Gilbert,  Edward  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  California  from  1850  to  1851. 

Gilbert,  Ezekiel ;  was  born  in  1755,  in  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1778;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1793  to  1797.  He  suffered,  for  thirty  years,  from 
a  stroke  of  paralysis,  and  died  at  Hudson,  New  York, 
in  July,  1842. 


Gilbert,  Sylvester;  was  born  in  1756,  at  He 
bron,  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1775;  str.died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1777,  at  Hebron;  in  1780  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly,  being  the  youngest  member  in 
the  House;  in  1788  was  appointed  State's  Attorney 
for  Tolland  County,  and  filled  that  office  twenty-one 
years;  in  1807  was  appointed  Chief  Judge  of  the 
County  Court  and  Judge  of  Probate,  which  offices  he 
held  until  1825,  with  the  exception  of  his  term  as 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  in  1818 
and  1819;  in  1810  was  a  teacher  of  a  law  school, 
which  he  continued  about  seven  years,  during  which 
time  fifty-six  students  were  prepared  for  the  bar  un 
der  his  tuition;  in  1826  was  again  elected  to  the  Leg 
islature,  and  was  then  the  oldest  member  in  the 
House,  to  which  body  he  had,  from  the  year  1780, 
been  re-elected  thirty  times.  Died  in  January,  1846. 

Gilbert,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
removing  to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Gilchrist,  John  James ;  was  born  at  Medford, 
Massachusetts,  February  16,  1809;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1828,  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in 
Charlestown,  New  Hampshire;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature ;  Register  of  Probate ;  Associate  Judge  in 
1840;  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  in 
1848,  and  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Claims  in 
1855;  published  a  "  Digest  of  New  Hampshire  Re 
ports."  Died  in  Washington,  April  29,  1858. 

Gilchrist,  Robert  B.;  was  a  native  of  South  Car 
olina;  resided  in  Charleston  ;  about  1841  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  South 
Carolina;  for  a  time  held  the  same  position  in  Georgia. 

Giles,  John ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  about  the  year  1788;  graduated  at  Chapel 
Hill  University  in  1808;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  for  more  than  thirty 
years;  in  1829  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina, 
but  resigned  before  taking  his  seat,  on  account  of 
ill-health;  in  1835  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  met  to  revise  the  Constitution;  died  March  2, 
1846,  in  Stanley  County,  North  Carolina,  where  his 
professional  duties  required  his  attendance  before  the 
Circuit  Court. 

Giles,  William  Branch ;  was  born  in  Amelia 
County,  Virginia,  August  12,  1762;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1781;  studied  law,  but  aban 
doned  the  profession  after  practicing  about  six  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1790  to  1798, 
and  again  from  1801  to  1802;  in  1801  and  1805  was 
a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  United  States  Senator 
from  1804  to  1816;  was  subsequently  a  member  of 
the  Legislature;  a  few  months  after  his  first  appoint 
ment  to  the  Senate  he  was  superseded  by  A.  Moore, 
but  was  immediately  re-appointed  for  the  longer 
term;  from  1826  to  1829  was  Governor  of  his  native 
State.  Died  in  Albemarle  County,  Virginia,  Decem 
ber  4,  1830. 

Giles,  William  Fell;  was  born  in  Harford 
County,  Maryland,  April  8,  1807;  received  an  aca 
demic  education  in  Baltimore  and  his  native  place; 
studied  law  in  Baltimore,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1829;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1837 
to  1839;  in  1845  was  elected  to  Congress;  declined  a 
re-nomination;  in  1853  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Maryland. 

Gilflllan,  O.  W.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that 


192 


B I O  G  li  A  P  H  1  C  A  L     ANNALS. 


State;  in  1857  was  elected  Superintendent  of  Public- 
Instruction  for  Mercer  County,  holding  the  office 
two  years;  in  1859  was  Transcribing  Clerk  in  the 
State  House  of  Representatives;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  District  Attorney  for  Venango  County;  in 
18C2  was  elected  to  the  same  position,  and  held  the 
office  for  three  years;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Gilfillan,  James ;  was  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  from  July,  1877,  to  March,  1883. 

Gilfillan,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Barnet,  Cale 
donia  County,  Vermont,  February  11,  1835;  gradu 
ated  at  the  Caledonia  County  Academy  in  1855,  and 
removed  to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July,  1860,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Minneapolis;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Education  from  1860  to  1868;  was 
an  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis  from  1865  to 
1869;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Hennepin  County 
from  1863  to  1867,  and  from  1869  to  1873;  was  City 
Attorney  of  Minneapolis  from  1861  to  1864 ;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Minnesota  from  1875 
to  1885;  became  Regent  of  the  State  University  of 
Minnesota  in  1880,  and  continued  in  that  office;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Gill,  Charles  B.;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin; 
was  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  the  Department  of 
the  Interior  from  February  10  to  March  28,  1876. 

Gill,  Moses ;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Massachusetts  in  1797;  was  acting  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1799  to  1800,  in  the  place  of  Increase 
Sumner. 

Gillespie,  James ;  was  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress  of  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  United  States  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1793  to  1799,  and  from  1803  to  1805.  Died  January 
10,  1805. 

Gillet,  Ransom  H.;  was  born  in  New  Lebanon, 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  January  27,  1800;  his 
early  employment  was  on  his  father's  farm,  in  Sara 
toga  County,  in  the  summer,  and  lumbering  in  the 
pine  forest  during  the  winter;  in  1819  removed  to  St. 
Lawrence  County,  where  he  was  employed  to  teach 
school  during  the  winter,  and  attended  the  St.  Law 
rence  Academy  during  the  summer;  in  1821  engaged 
in  the  study  of  law  with  Silas  Wright,  at  Canton, 
still  continuing  to  teach  for  his  support;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  Ogdensburg,  where  he  con 
tinued,  devoted  to  his  profession,  for  about  twenty 
years;  in  1827  was  appointed  Brigade-Major  and  In 
spector  of  Militia;  in  February  27,  1830,  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  of  Ogdensburg,  which  office  he 
tilled  three  years;  in  1832  was  a  member  of  the 
Baltimore  Convention,  which  nominated  Generel 
Jackson  for  President;  was  elected  the  same  year  a 
Representative  in  Congress;  re-elected  in  1834,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce ; 
in  1837  was  appointed,  by  President  Van  Buren,  a 
Commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Indian  tribes  in  New 
York,  and  continued  in  that  service  until  1839;  in 
1840  was  a  member  of  the  Baltimore  Convention 
which  re-nominated  Mr.  Van  Buren;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1845  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Register  for  the  Treasury,  serving  until  1847, 
when  he  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  in 
which  office  he  continued  until  the  autumn  of  1849 ; 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York;  in  1855 
became  Assistant  to  the  Attorney-General  of  the 


United  States,  and  continued  in  that  office  until  he 
resigned  in  1858,  and  President  Buchanan  appointed 
him  Solicitor  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  which  position 
he  held  until  1861;  subsequently  devoted  himself  to 
literary  labors. 

Gillette,  Edward  H.;  was  born  at  Bloomfield, 
Connecticut,  October  1, 1840;  completed  his  education 
at  the  New  York  State  Agricultural  College  in  1862; 
in  1863  removed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in 
various  pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Gillette,  Francis;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut,  during  the  session  of  1854  and 
1855,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Truman  Smith, 
resigned. 

Gillis,  James  L.;  was  born  at  Hebron,  Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  October  2,  1792;  received  a 
common  school  education;  served  an  apprenticeship 
to  the  currying  and  tanner's  trade;  during  the  cam 
paigns  of  1812  and  1813,  served  as  a  volunteer  from 
New  York;  in  1814  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant 
by  the  Governor  of  New  York;  having  been  taken 
prisoner  by  the  British,  was  transported  to  Halifax, 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war;  subse 
quently  returned  to  Ontario  County,  and  established 
himself  as  a  farmer;  in  1823  removed  to  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  in  1842  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of 
Jefferson  County;  in  1845  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1851  again  re-elected  to  the  lower  House; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

Gillon,  Alexander;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1793  to  1794. 
Died  during  the  latter  year. 

Gilman,  Charles  J.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1854; 
removed  to  Maine;  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  that  State,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Gilman,  John  Taylor;  was  born  in  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire,  December  19, 1753:  was  a  volunteer 
in  the  Revolutionary  Army;  a  Delegate  from  New 
Hampshire,  in  1780,  to  the  Hartford  Convention;  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782  and 
1783,  in  the  latter  year  succeeding  his  father  as 
Treasurer  of  New  Hampshire;  this  office  he  resigned 
to  become  a  Commissioner  to  settle  certain  accounts 
for  the  States,  but  was  re-elected  in  1791 ;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1794  to  1805,  and 
again  from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  Died  September  1,  1828. 

Gilman,  Joseph ;  was  appointed  in  1796  a  Ter 
ritorial  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  Northwest  of  the  Ohio  River. 

Gilman,  Nicholas ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New- 
Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to 
1788;  a  member  of  the  Convention  that  framed  the 
Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1789  to  1797;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1805  to 
1814.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  May  2, 
1814,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Gilmer,  George  B.;  was  born  in  Wilkes 
County,  (now  Oglethorpe),  Georgia,  April  11, 
1790;  received  an  academic  education;  studied 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNULS. 


193 


law,  and  settled  at  Lexington,  Cglethorpe  County, 
Georgia;  in  1813,  as  First  Lieutenant  of  the  Forty- 
third  Regiment,  United  States  Army,  participated 
in  the  Creek  War;  in  1818  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1818,  1819,  and  1824;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1821  to  1823,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  from  1833  to  1835;  was  Governor  of  the 
.State  for  the  terms  commencing  in  1829  and  1837, 
land  during  the  latter  term  removed  the  Cherokee 
Indians  from  Georgia;  was  President  of  the  Board  of 
Presidential  Electors  in  1836;  was  also  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1840;  for  thirty  years  performed  the  duties 
of  Trustee  of  the  Georgia  College;  was  the  author  of 
a  book,  published  in  1855,  entitled  "Georgians,'.' 
which  contains  much  useful  and  interesting  informa 
tion  touching  the  early  settlement  of  his  native 
State.  Died  at  Lexington,  Georgia.  November  15. 
1859. 

G-ilmer,  John  A. ;  was  born  in  Guilford  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  4,  1805;  acquired  a  good 
English  education  at  winter  schools,  working  on  a 
farm  and  in  the  shop  during  the  summers;  taught 
school,  and  thus  obtained  the  means  to  enter  the 
;  academy  at  Greeusborough  for  three  years;  became 
.  a  good  linguist  and  mathematician,  and  taught  for 
three  years  in  a  grammar  school;  afterwards  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1846  to  1856,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions;  in  1856  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Governor 
of  North  Carolina,  but  was  defeated;  was  re-elected 
'to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  made  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Elections;  withdrew  in  1861;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866.  Died  in  Greensborough,  May 
14.  1868. 

Gilnier,  Thomas  W. ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
received  a  limited  education;  studied  law,  and  while 
practicing  the  profession  edited  a  newspaper;  served 
frequently  in  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of 
the  House ;  held  many  positions  of  prominence ;  was 
Governor  of  the  State  in  1840;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1841  to  1843;  was 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  President  Tyler;  was 
killed  by  an  accident  on  board  the  United  States 
steamer  Princeton,  February  28,  1844. 

G-ilmore,  Alfred ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Gilmore,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1833.  Died 
May  18,  1845. 

Gilmore,  Joseph  Atherton;  was  born  in 
Weston,  Vermont,  June  10,  1811;  wras  brought  upon 
a  farm:  went  to  Boston  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  en 
tered  a  store;  became  interested  in  railroads  and 
mining,  and  acquired  a  large  fortune;  returned  to 
New  Hampshire  in  1843;  was  Superintendent  of  the 
Manchester  and  Lawrence  Railroad  from  1853  to 
1856,  and  also  of  the  Concord  and  other  connecting 
lines  until  1866;  was  State  Senator  in  1858  and  1859; 
President  of  that  body  in  1859 ;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1863  to  1865.  Died  in  Concord, 
New  Hampshire,  April  17,  1867. 

Gilpin,  Henry  D.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1801 ;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1819;  studied  law,  and  began  to  practice  in  Phila 
delphia  in  1822;  was  United  States  Attorney  for  his 
State  in  1832;  Solicitor  of  the  United  States  Treasury 

13 


in  1837;  United  States  Attorney-General  in  1840  and 
1841;  published  a  volume  of  reports  of  cases  in  the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania  in  1837,  and  "Opin 
ions  of  the  Attorney-Generals"  in  1840;  from  1826  to 
1832  edited  the  Atlantic  Souvenir;  was  President  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Historical  Society;  wrote  several  of 
the  biographies  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  other  biographies  and  discourses, 
and  supervised  ' '  The  Madison  Papers, ' '  when  pub 
lished  by  Congress.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  Decem 
ber  29,  1869. 

Gist,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Union  District,  South 
Carolina,  in  1775;  was  educated  at  the  Charleston 
College;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1799;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1809;  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  his  native  State  for  eighteen  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1821  to  1827;  served  as  a  Trustee  of  the 
State  College.  Died  May  8,  1835. 

Gist,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Sout'i  Carolina, 
and  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1858  to  1860. 

Glass,  Presley  T.;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  October  18,  1829;  in  1828  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Weakley  County,  West  Tennessee, 
then  almost  a  wilderness;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  was 
chiefly  educated  at  the  "old  field  schools"  of  the 
county,  and  at  the  Dresden  Academy;  labored  on  his 
father's  farm  until  he  reached  the  age  of  eighteen; 
then,  for  two  and  a  half  years,  received  private  in 
struction  from  the  principal  of  the  County  Academy; 
read  law,  and  attended  the  Law  School  of  Transyl 
vania  University,  of  Kentucky,  during  one  session; 
on  his  return  from  college,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature; 
in  the  same  year,  1847,  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  the 
year  previous  he  had  been  elected,  and  commissioned 
by  the  Governor,  a  Colonel  of  Militia;  at  the  expira 
tion  of  his  legislative  term  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law;  in  1849  removed  to  Landerdale  County,  Ten 
nessee;  soon  abandoned  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  and  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  a  merchant; 
in  the  autumn  of  1849  was  appointed  Trustee  of  the 
County  Male  Academy,  serving  five  years;  was  for 
some  time  an  Alderman  of  the  town  of  Ripley,  in 
which  he  resided ;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Magistrate, 
serving  for  several  years  as  Chairman  of  the  County 
Court;  was  re-elected,  but  resigned  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  second  term;  in  May,  1861  was  appointed 
Major  and  Commissary  of  Subsistence  in  the  Confed 
erate  service,  serving  throughout  the  Civil  War;  at 
the  close  of  the  war  returned  to  his  home  in  Ripley; 
in  February,,  1866,  removed  to  Memphis,  Tennessee, 
and  engaged  in  the  commission  business;  two  years 
later  sold  out  to  his  partner,  and  went  to  Trenton, 
Tennessee,  where  he  joined  his  brother  John  in  the 
newspaper  business,  and  became  editor  of  the  Tren 
ton  Gazette ;  in  December,  1868  he  was  married,  and 
soon  after  settled  on  his  farm  in  Haywood  County, 
Tennessee ;  in  the  autumn  of  1869  returned  to  his  old 
home  in  Ripley,  Tennessee,  and  resumed  business  as 
a  merchant;  in  1871  was  again  elected  a  Magistrate; 
was  re-elected,  and  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Board 
and  Judge  of  the  County;  in  1881  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Glasscock,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Panola  Coun 
ty,  Mississippi,  August  25,  1845;  removed  to  Virginia 
in  1854,  and  to  California  in  1856;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  from  the  College  of 
California  (now  the  University  of  California)  in  1865; 


194 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


studied  law,  and  graduated  from  the  Law  School  of 
the  University  of  Virginia  in  1888;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Virginia  and  California  in  that  year  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  the  latter  State;  in 
1875  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  Alameda 
County,  and  served  one  term,  declining  a  re-nomina 
tion;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  California  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Glascoek,  Thomas ;  was  a  soldier  and  states 
man  of  Georgia;  served  at  the  siege  of  Savannah, 
under  Count  Pulaski,  as  Lieutenant,  and  exhibited 
great  skill  and  bravery;  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
troops  ordered  out  by  the  Legislature,  in  defense  of 
the  State  against  the  Indians,  on  the  western  frontier, 
and  was  afterwards  elected  General  of  Militia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1836 
to  1839,  and  highly  respected  for  his  talents  and 
character.  Died  at  Decatur,  Georgia,  May  9,  1841. 

Glasgow,  Hugh. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1817. 

Gleason,  William  E.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
emigrated  to  Dakota,  where  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  that  Territory,  residing  at  Yankton. 

Glen,  John;  was  a  native  of  Maryland;  was  lib 
erally  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  for  many  years  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Maryland.  Died  in  Baltimore,  July 
8,  1853. 

Glenn,  Elias;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
State. 

Glenn,  Henry ;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  War;  was  a  Representative  from  New  York 
in  Congress  from  1793  to  1801.  Died  at  Schenectady 
in  1814,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Glick,  George  W.;  was  born  near  Greencastle, 
Fairfield  County,  Ohio,  July  4,  1827;  received  a 
thorough  English  education,  and  was  well  advanced 
in  the  classics;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1850;  in  1859  removed  to 
Kansas,  settling  at  Atchison,  in  that  State,  in  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and,  by  re-elections,  served 
nine  sessions  in  the  House  and  Senate;  in  1872 
abandoned  his  profession  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-raising;  in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Kansas 
fir  the  term  of  two  years  from  January,  1883. 

Gloninger,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  from  that  State  in  the  Twelfth 
Congress;  resigned  before  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
and  E.  Crouch  was  elected  in  his  place. 

Glossbrenner,  Adam  J.;  was  born  in  Hagers- 
town,  Maryland,  August  31,  1810;  apprenticed  at  an 
early  age  to  the  printing  business,  which  was  his 
school;  when  seventeen  years  of  age  traveled  in  the 
West;  became  foreman  in  the  office  of  the  Ohio  Monitor, 
and  afterwards  of  the  Western  Telegraph;  in  1829  re 
turned  to  Maryland;  went  thence  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  settled  at  York,  where  he  published  the  York 
(lazettc,  and  held  various  offices  of  trust  and  responsi 
bility;  in  1849  was  elected  Sergeaut-at-Arnis  of  the 
National  House  of  Representatives  for  the  Thirty -first 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  by  the 
four  following  Congresses;  in  1861  was  Private  Sec 
retary  to  President  Buchanan ;  in  1863  became  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Philadelphia  Age;  in  1864  was 
Delected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
'Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 


Public  Lands  and  Engrossed  Bills;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department  and  Execu 
tive  Mansion. 

Glover,  John  Milton ;  was  born  in  Saint  Louis, 
Missouri,  June  23,  1835;  was  educated  at  Washing 
ton  University,  Saint  Louis,  Missouri;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  at  Saint  Louis;  held  no  public  office  prior  to 
his  election  as  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Glover,  John  Montgomery;  was  born  in 
Mercer  County,  Kentucky,  September  4,  1824;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education,  but  left  college  before 
graduating;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  but  practiced  only  a  short  time;  was  appointed 
a  Colonel  of  Cavalry;  commissioned  Colonel  of  the 
Third  Missouri  Volunteer  Cavalry  in  1861;  resigned, 
in  1864,  on  account  of  impaired  health;  in  1866  was 
appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Third 
District  of  Missouri;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Education 
and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fourth  and 
Forty-fifth  Congresses. 

Goddard,  Calvin ;  was  born  in  Shrewsbury, 
Massachusetts,  July  17,  1768;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  in  1786;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  in  1790;  settled  at  Plainfield,  from 
which  place  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature  for  nine  sessions,  during  three  of  which 
he  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  removed  to  Norwich 
in  1807;  from  1801  to  1805  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress;  from  1808  to  1815  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Council;  in  1813  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 

1814  a  Delegate  to  the  Hartford  Convention;  from 

1815  to  1818  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  was  State's 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  New  London  for   five 
years,  and  Mayor  of  Norwich  for  seventeen  years. 
Died  at  Norwich,  May  2,  1842. 

Godshalk,  "William ;  was  born  at  East  Not 
tingham,  Pennsylvania,  October  25,  1817;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education ;  engaged  in 
the  occupation  of  a  miller;  was  Associate  Judge  of 
Bucks  County  from  1871  to  1876;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Goff,  Nathan.  Jr.;  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Virginia  (now  West  Virginia)  February  9,  1842;  at 
tended  the  common  schools  and  the  Northwestern 
Academy;  in  1859  entered  Georgetown  College,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  left  college  in  1861,  and  entered 
the  Union  Army;  served  throughout  the  war,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General ;  graduated 
from  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1867;  re- 
elected  in  1868;  before  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  January,  1881;  was  an 
unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1870,  and  for 
Governor  in  1876;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Conventions  of  1868,  1872,  1876,  and  1880; 
in  January,  1881,  became  Secretary  of  the  Navy  in 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Hayes,  serving  until  March, 
1881;  upon  retiring  from  the  Cabinet,  was  re-ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Attorney,  which 
office  he  resigned  in  1882;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


195 


Goforth,  John;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  in 
1873  was  appointed  an  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States. 

G-ogfgln,  "William  L.;  was  born  in  Bedford 
County,  Virginia,  May  31,  1807;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  studied  law  in  Winchester;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828,  and  practiced  in  several 
of  the  Circuit  and  District  Courts  of  the  State;  in 
1836  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in  1837 
declined  a  re-election;  in  1839  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1841,  1843,  and  1847;  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads  during 
his  last  term;  was  afterwards  appointed  one  of  the 
Visitors  to  West  Point,  under  the  administration  of 
President  Fillmore;  in  1859  was  nominated  as  the 
Whig  candidate  for  Governor  of  Virginia.  Died  in 
Richmond,  January  5,  1870. 

Gold,  Thomas  R.;  was  a  native  of  New  York; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  from  1797  to  1802;  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1808;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1809  to  1813,  and  aeain  from  1815  to 
1817.  Died  in  1826. 

Goldsboroug-h,  Charles  "W.;  was  Governor  of 

the  State  of  Maryland ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1805  to  1817.  Died  at  Shoal  Creek,  Mary- 
laud  December  13,  1834. 

G-oldsborougii,  Robert ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to 
1775;  at  the  time  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  signed,  he  was  at  home  on  a  sick-bed,  and  soon 
afterwards  died,  at  his  residence  in  Maryland;  he  was 
by  profession  a  physician. 

Goldthwaite,  George ;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  December  10,  1809;  received  a  good 
education;  removed  to  Alabama;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826;  was  on  the  Bench 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  afterward  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  of  which  he  was  Chief  Justice  for  some  years ; 
was  Adjutant-General  of  Alabama  during  the  war; 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1870  for 
the  term  ending  in  1877;  when  elected,  his  residence 
was  Montgomery,  Alabama;  served  on  the  Committee 
on  Claims  and  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Golladay,  Edward  I.;  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
Tennessee,  September  9,  1831;  graduated  at  Cumber 
land  University;  taught  school;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1857;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1860;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  Colonel, 
and  participate'!  in  several  important  engagements; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Golladay,  Jacob  S.;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  from 
Logan  County  in  1850,  1851,  and  1853;  a  State  Sen 
ator  from  1853  to  1855;  in  1867  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  Judge  Hise;  resigned  in  1870;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy. 

Gooch,  Daniel  W.;  was  born  in  Wells,  State  of 
Maine,  in  January,  1820;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846; 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Boston ; 
in  1852  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Massachu 
setts;  in  1853  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  the 
State,  and  subsequently  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  for  an  un- 


expired  term;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of 
the  War;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims 
and  Foreign  Aifairs;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -ninth 
Congress,  but  in  1865  was  appointed,  by  President 
Johnson,  Navy  Agent  for  the  port  of  Boston;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  again  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Goode,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Virginia,  May  27,  1829;  was  a  student  at  the  New 
London  Academy;  graduated  at  Emory  and  Henry 
College  in  1848;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  Virginia  in  1851,  and  again  in  1866;  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Convention  which  adopted 
the  Ordinance  of  Secession  in  1861;  was  elected  to 
the  Confederate  Congress  in  1861;  re-elected  in  1863, 
and  served  in  that  position  until  the  close  of  the  war; 
was  a  member  of  the  Electoral  College  in  1852,  and 
again  in  1856;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Demo 
cratic  Convention  in  1868,  and  was  appointed,  by 
that  body,  a  member  of  its  Executive  Committee,  and 
re-appointed  at  Baltimore  in  1872;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-fourth, 
Forty-fifth,  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses;  in  1885  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Solicitor-General 
of  the  United  States,  and  served  several  months,  but 
his  nomination  was  finally  rejected  by  the  Senate. 

Goode,  Patrick  G.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1837  to  1843. 

Goode,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1799  to  1801. 

Goode,  "William  O.;  was  born  at  Inglewood, 
Mecklenburg  County,  Virginia,  September  16,  1798; 
was  educated  at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary; 
studied  law,  and  commenced  the  practice  in  1821 ; 
was,  early  in  life,  elected  for  several  terms  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1829  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Reform  Convention  of  Virginia;  in  1832 
was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  debates  on  slavery  of  that  year; 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1838;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia 
in  1841,  serving  until  1843;  was  subsequently  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  for  several  sessions;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Reform  Convention  of  1850,  and  was 
chosen  Chairman  of  the  Legislative  Committee;  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  called  to  put  the 
New  Constitution  into  operation,  and  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Finance:  in  1853  was  again  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  was 
regularly  re-elected  until  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
in  which  he  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia.  Died  near  Boydtown,  Vir 
ginia,  July  3,  1859. 

Goodenow,  John  M.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1829  to  1831.  Died  in  1838, 
aged  fifty-six  years. 

Goodenow,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Farmington, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1800;  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1821;  was  County  Attorney  from  1828  to  1834,  and 
in  1841;  having  taken  up  his  residence  in  Maine,  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1851  to  1853;  in  1857  was  appointed  Bank  Commis 
sioner  for  the  State. 


196 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


G-OOdenow,  Rufus  K.;  was  born  in  Henniker, 
New  Hampshire,  April  24,  1790;  removed  with  his 
father  to  Brownfield,  Maine,  where  he  was  educated 
in  a  country  school ;  was  a  farmer,  and  for  many  years 
a  common  sailor;  entered  the  army  in  1812  as  Captain 
in  the  Thirty-third  Regiment  of  United  States  In 
fantry,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1815;  upon 
the  organization  of  a  State  Government  was  ap 
pointed  Clerk  of  the  Courts  for  Oxford  County,  and 
removed  to  Paris;  held  this  office  sixteen  years ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine  Legislature;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1840;  represented  his  District  in  the  Thirty- 
first  Congress.  Died  at  Paris,  March  24,  1863. 

G-oodhue,  Benjamin ;  was  born  at  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  1,  1748;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1766;  received  literary  honors  from  Yale 
College  in  1804;  early  in  life  engaged  in  commercial 
pursuits;  was  a  Whig  during  the  Revolution;  repre 
sented  his  native  county  in  the  State  Senate  from  1784 
to  1789,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
Congress  under  the  new  constitution,  and,  assisted 
by  Mr.  Fitzsimmons,  of  Philadelphia,  formed  our 
code  of  revenue  laws,  the  majority  of  which  have 
never  been  abrogated;  in  1796  was  elected  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  and  became  distinguished  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  in  1800 
resigned  his  seat  and  retired  from  public  life.  Died 
at  Salem,  July  28,  1814. 

G-oodin,  John  R.;  was  born  at  Tiffin,  Ohio, 
December  14, 1836;  removed  to  Kenton,  Ohio,  in  1844; 
received  a  collegiate  education ;  studied  law ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  commenced  practice  at 
Kenton;  in  1859  removed  to  Humboldt,  Kansas;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  in  1867  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Seventh 
Judicial  District  for  the  term  of  four  years;  was  re- 
elected  in  1871 ;  resigned  in  1875,  to  take  his  seat  as 
a  Representative  from  Kansas  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Goodloe,  William  C.;  was  a  resident  of  Ken 
tucky;  in  1878  was  appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Belgium. 

G-oodrich,  Aaron;  was  a  native  of  Tennessee; 
received  a  good  education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law ;  in  1849  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  State's  District  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Minnesota,  and  was  the  first  Judge  appointed  for 
that  District. 

G-oodrich,  Chauncey;  was  born  at  Durham, 
Connecticut,  October  20,  1759;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1776,  with  a  high  reputation  for  genius 
and.  acquirements;  after  spending  several  years  as 
tutor  in  that  institution,  established  himself  as  a 
lawyer  at  Hartford  in  1781,  and  soon  attained 
eminence  in  the  profession;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  in  1793;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1795  to  1801;  from  1802  to  1807  was  a  Councilor 
of  the  State;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from 
1807  to  1813;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Hartford  in  1812, 
and  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress;  was  elected  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor  of  the  State  in  1813;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Hartford  Convention  in  1814.  Died  at  Hart 
ford,  August  18,  1815. 

G-oodrich,  Elizur ;  belonged  to  the  Washington 
school  of  Federalists,  and  his  removal  from  the  office 
of  Collector  of  Customs  at  New  Haven,  immediately 
on  the  accession  of  Jefferson  to  the  Presidency,  gave 
occasion  for  the  famous  letter  in  which  Jefferson 
avowed  his  principle  of  removal  for  political  opinions; 
besides  being  honored  with  various  offices  of  trust 
and  responsibility,  was,  for  some  time,  professor  of 


Law  in  Yale  College,  and  for  many  years  the  efficient 
Mayor  of  New  Haven;  was  twice  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  County  and  Probate 
Courts  for  fifteen  years;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1797;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1799  to  1801.  Died  in  New  Haven, 
November  1,  1849. 

G-oodrich,  John  Z.;  was  born  in  Sheffield,  Mas 
sachusetts,  September  27,  1801 ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law,  but  turned  his  attention  to  manu 
facturing;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1841;  served 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1848  and  1849;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1851  to  1855,  from  his 
native  State;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Collector  of  Boston;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861. 

G-oodrich,  Milo ;  was  born  in  Homer,  New  York, 
January  3,  1820;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1867;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary. 

Goodwin,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  De  Ruyter, 
Madison  County,  New  York,  June  25,  1824;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1846;  in  1847  was  elected  District 
Attorney  of  Madison  County,  and  held  the  office 
three  years;  was  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty -third  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims.  Died  at 
Hamilton,  Madison  County,  New  York,  November 
12,  1860. 

Good-win,  Ichabod;  was  born  in  South  Ber 
wick,  Massachusetts  Province,  May  25,  1743;  ac 
companied  his  father,  who  was  wounded,  in  1758,  to 
Ticonderoga;  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Con 
gress  in  1775  and  1777;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
Gerrish's  York  County  regiment,  having  charge  of  the 
Saratoga  prisoners;  was  Major-General  of  Militia 
from  1783  to  1815;  a  member  of  the  General  Court  in 
1792;  sheriff  of  York  County,  Maine,  from  1793  to 
1820.  Died  in  South  Berwick,  May  25,  1829. 

Goodwin,  Ichabod ;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1860  to  1861. 

G-oodwin,  John  N.;  was  born  in  South  Ber 
wick,  Maine;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1844;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice  in  South 
Berwick;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Maine; 
in  1860  was  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  Militia  and  Invalid  Pensions;  was  subse 
quently  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  and  afterwards  Gov 
ernor;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Arizona  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress. 

Good-win,  Peterson ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1803  to  1818.  Died  in 
November  of  the  latter  year. 

Goodyear,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Cobleskill, 
Schoharie  County,  New  York,  April  26,  1805;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College  in  1824;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1827,  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly  in  1839;  in  1841  was  appointed  First 
Judge  of  Schoharie  County;  was  a  Representative 
from  New  York  in  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress;  dis 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  1852,  and 
turned  his  attention  to  the  business  of  private  bank 
ing  in  Schoharie  and  the  city  of  New  York;  in  1864 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


197 


was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress;  during  his  first  term  in  Con 
gress  he  served  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions,  and  during  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  on  the 
Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims,  Revolutionary 
Pensions,  uud  on  a  Bureau  of  Education;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Conven-* 
tion  "  of  1866,  and  that  of  New  York  in  1868. 

Gordon,  James  ;  was  for  seven  years  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  of  New  York;  twelve  years  in  the 
State  Assembly;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1791  to  1795. 

Gordon,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Upson  County, 
Georgia,  February  6,  1832;  was  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia;  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  at  the 
beginning  of  the  war  entered  the  Confederate  Army 
as  Captain  of  Infantry,  and  was  promoted,  by  regu 
lar  grades,  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Army 
Corps;  commanded  one  wing  of  General  Lee's  army 
at  Appomattox  Court  House ;  was  wounded  in  battle 
eight  times;  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  of  Georgia  in  1868,  and  his  party  claimed  his 
election  by  a  large  majority,  but  his  opponent  was 
declared  elected;  was  a  member  of  the  National 
Democratic  Convention  of  1868;  was  a  Delegate  from 
the  .State  at  large  to  the  National  Democratic  Con 
vention  of  1872;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868 
and  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Agricul 
ture,  and  Education  and  Labor;  was  re-elected  for 
the  term  ending  in  1885;  resigned  in  1880. 

Gordon,  Samuel;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  in  the  State  Assembly  in  1834 ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847;  in  1863  was  ap 
pointed  Provost-Marshal  for  the  Nineteenth  District 
of  New  York. 

Gordon,  William ;  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College  in  1779;  was  Attorney-General  for  the  State 
of  New  Hampshire;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1797  to  1800,  when  he  re 
signed.  Died  in  Boston,  May,  1802,  aged  thirty- 
nine  years. 

Gordon,  William  F.;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1828  to  1835;  he  is  said  to  have  been  the  orig 
inator  of  the  Sub-Treasury  System.  Died  in  Albe- 
marle  County,  July  2,  1858. 

Gore,  Christopher;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1758;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1776;  settled  in  Boston  as  a  lawyer,  and  in  1789  was 
appointed  District  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  under  the  new  Constitution  of  the  United 
States;  in  1796  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  under 
the  fourth  article  of  Jay's  Treaty;  this  appointment 
compelled  him  to  go  to  London,  where  he  remained 
eight  years,  during  the  last  of  which  he  was  Charge. 
iV  Affaires;  was  chosen  Governor  in  1809;  in  1813 
was  chosen  a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  1816,  when,  after  serving  as 
a  Presidential  Elector  during  that  year,  he  retired 
to  private  '/ife.  Died  March  1,  1827,  aged  sixty- 
eight.  Having  no  children,  Mr.  Gore  left  valuable 
bequests  to  the  American  Academy  and  the  Histori 
cal  Society,  of  which  he  was  a  member,  and  made 
Harvard  College,  of  which  institution  he  had  been  a 
Fellow  and  Trustee,  his  residuary  legatee.  He  was 
for  a  time  the  legal  tutor  and  adviser  of  Daniel 
Webster. 


Gorham,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Charlestown, 
Massachusetts,  February  13,  1775:  graduated  at  Cam 
bridge  in  1795;  studied  law  with  Theophilus  Parsons, 
of  Newburyport,  and  rose  to  eminence  at  the  bar  of 
Boston;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the 
Suffolk  District  from  1820  to  1823,  and  from  1827  to 
1831,  and  from  1833  to  1835;  was  afterwards  for  a 
short  time  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  but 
spent  the  closing  years  of  his  life  in  retirement. 
Died  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  September  27,  1855. 

Gorham,  Charles  T.;  was  Assistant  Secretary 
of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  at  Washington, 
from  March,  1876,  to  April,  1877. 

Gorham,  George  C.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
removed  to  California,  where  he  entered  into  politics, 
and  was  defeated  for  two  or  three  elective  offices;  in 
1868  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  in  which  position  he  continued  until  1881. 

Gorham,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Charlestown, 
Massachusetts,  May  27,  1738;  received  a  common 
school  education;  settled  in  business  in  his  native 
town;  was  its  Representative  in  the  Legislature  from 
1771  to  1775;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Provincial  Con 
gress  in  1774  and  1775 ;  again  a  member  of  the  Leg 
islature,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  War  from 
1778  until  its  dissolution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1779;  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782  and  1783,  and 
from  1785  to  1787,  and  was  chosen  President  of  that 
body  in  1786;  was,  for  several  years,  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  framing  the  Federal  Constitution,  and 
was  called  by  Washington  to  fill  the  chair  in  the 
Committee  of  the  WThole  for  three  months;  was 
afterwards  influential  in  its  adoption  by  the  State; 
in  connection  with  Oliver  Phelps  he  purchased  an 
immense  tract  of  land  on  the  Genesee  River,  now 
comprising  ten  or  twelve  counties  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  of  which  tract  his  eldest  son  was  a  pioneer 
settler.  Died  at  Canandaigua,  October  22,  1826. 

Gorman,  Arthur  P.;  was  born  in  Howard 
County,  Maryland,  March  11,  1839;  received  a  lim 
ited  education ;  in  1852  was  appointed  a  Page  in  the 
United  States  Senate;  continued  in  the  service  of 
that  body  until  1866,  at  which  time  he  was  Post 
master  of  the  Senate;  in  that  year  was  removed  from 
office,  and  was  immediately  appointed  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fifth  District  of  Maryland, 
remaining  in  office  until  1869;  in  that  year  was  ap 
pointed  a  Director  in  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal 
Company;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Delegates;  was  re-elected  in  1871, 
and  was  made  Speaker;  in  1872  was  elected  President 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal  Company,  and 
continued  in  that  position  by  successive  re-elections; 
was  a  State  Senator  from  1875  to  1880,  when  he  re 
signed,  having  been  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Maryland  for  the  term  of  six  years,  from 
March  4,  1881.  ' 

Gorman,  Willis  Arnold ;  was  born  near 
Flemingsburg,  Kentucky,  January  12,  1814;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in  1825  at  Bloomiiig- 
ton,  Indiana;  in  1837  and  1838  was  Clerk  of  the 
Indiana  Senate:  was  several  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  was  Major  of  the  Third  Indiana 
Volunteers  in  the  Mexican  War;  commanded  an 
independent  battalion  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista; 
in  1847  raised  the  Fourth  Indiana  Volunteers,  which 
he  commanded  in  several  battles;  in  1848  was  Civil 
and  Military  Governor  of  Puebln;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853,  from  Kentucky; 


198 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


•was  Governor  of  Minnesota  from  1853  to  1857;  mem 
ber  of  its  Constitutional  Convention  in  1857;  prac 
ticed  law  at  St.  Paul  until  1861;  when  he  was  chosen 
Colonel  of  the  First  Minnesota  Volunteers;  appointed 
Brigadier-General,  September,  1861 ;  was  in  the  bat 
tles  of  Ball's  Bluff  and  West  Point;  led  a  bayonet 
charge  at  Fair  Oaks,  and  commanded  a  brigade  in 
Howard's  division  of  Second  Corps  at  Antietam. 

G-orshire,  William  B.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
rejnoved  to  Colorado,  where  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Colorado, 
residing  at  Denver. 

Gross,  James  H.;  was  born  at  Union  Court 
House,  South  Carolina,  August  9,  1820;  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

GrOtt,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  on  re 
moving  to  New  York  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1847  to  1851. 

Gould,  Herman  D.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to"  1851.  Died  in  Delhi,  New  York,  in 
1852. 

Gourdin,  Theodore ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1813  to  1815. 
Died  January  17,  1826. 

GrOvan,  A.  B.;  was  born  in  Orangeburg,  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1822  to  1827,  having  first  been 
elected  for  the  unexpired  term  of  James  Overstreet. 

Gove,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  in  Weymouth, 
Massachusetts,  March  9,  1822;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  Georgia  in  1838,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  Captain  and 
Assessor  of  Taxes  for  Bibb  County  in  the  Confederate 
service;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1837;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  servingonthe 
Conmr.ttee  on  the  Navy  Department. 

Graham,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  in 
1847  was  appointed  Register  of  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment,  remaining  in  office  until  1849. 

Graham,  James  ;  was  born  in  Lincoln  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  January,  1793;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  that  State  in  1814;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  with  success  for  many  years;  served  four 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1833  to  1843, 
and  from  1845  to  1847;  passed  the  closing  years  of  his 
life  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Died  Septem 
ber  25,  1851. 

Graham,  James  H.;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Graham,  John ;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia;  in 
1819  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Por 
tugal;  also  went  to  Brazil  on  diplomatic  business; 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1820.  Died  July  31 
of  that  year. 

Graham,  "William;  was  born  in  1783;  received 
a  limited  education;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  .State  Constitution  of  Indiana; 
served  many  years  in  both  branches  of  the  State  Leg 


islature,  and  was  Speaker  in  1820;  was  a  Represent* 
ative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1837  to  1839J 
Died  near  Valonia,  Indiana,  in  1857. 

Graham,  "William  A.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina,  September  5,  1804,  and  was  the  son  of  General 
*  Joseph  Graham  of  the  Revolution;  was  educated  a# 
Chapel  Hill  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1824;, 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  at  Newberne;  served- 
in  the  State  Legislature  from  1833  to  1836,  and  also1 
in  1839  and  1840;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1841  to  1843;  in  1844  was  elected1 
Governor  of  the  State,  and  re-elected  in  1846;  was> 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  President  Filmore;  sub 
sequently  was  nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice-Presi-' 
dent  on  the  ticket  with  Winfield  Scott;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention" 
of  1866;  subsequently  held  the  position  of  Arbitrator 
between  the  States  of  Virginia  and  Maryland.  Died 
at  Saratoga,  New  York,  August  11,  1875. 

Granger,  Amos  P.;  was  born  in  Suffield,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  in  June,  1789;  received  a 
common  school  education;  in  1811  removed  to  Man- 
lius,  New  York,  and  was  for  a  time  President  of  that 
corporation ;  served  as  a  Captain  of  Militia  at  Sackett's 
Harbor  in  1812;  subsequently  became  a  General  of 
Militia;  in  1820  removed  to  Syracuse,  and  for  many 
years  devoted  himself  to  agricultural  and  mercantile 
pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories;  in  early 
life  became  zealously  attached  to  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  by  his  liberality  and  knowledge  of 
ecclesiastical  history  did  much  for  the  prosperity  of 
the  church  in  his  section  of  the  country;  was  a  cousin 
of  Francis  Granger.  Died  in  Syracuse,  New  York. 
August  20,  1866. 

Granger,  Bradley  F.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Granger,  Francis  ;  was  born  December  1, 1792, 
in  Suffield,  Hartford  County,  Connecticut;  graduated' 
at  Yale  College  in  1811;  on  removing  to  New  York 
was,  for  five  years  from  1826,  a  member  of  the  Gen- 
erai  Assembly  of  that  State;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1835  to  1837,  and  again 
from  1839  to  1841,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  from 
President  Harrison,  the  appointment  of  Postmaster- 
General;  after  that  time  lived  in  retirement;  was  a 
member  of  the  Peace  Convention  of  1861.  Died  at 
Canandaigua,  New  York,  August  28,  1868. 

Granger,  Gideon;  was  born  in  Suffield,  Con 
necticut,  July  19,  1767;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1787;  in  the  following  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut,  where  he  prac 
ticed  with  great  distinction;  in  1793  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  continued  in  that 
body  several  years;  to  his  exertions  the  State  is 
principally  indebted  for  its  school  fund;  in  1801  was 
appointed  Postmaster-General  of  the  United  States, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1814,  when  he  re 
moved  to  the  State  of  New  York;  in  1819  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  which  position  he  resigned  in 
1821,  on  account  of  ill-health ;  did  much  to  promote 
internal  improvements  in  the  State;  and  gave  one 
thousand  acres  of  land  in  aid  of  the  canal.  Died  in 
Canandaigua,  December  31,  1822.  His  writings  were 
confined  almost  entirely  to  political  subjects;  his 
principal  publications  were  vritten  in  favor  of  the 
administrations  of  President  J  ^fferson  and  Governor 
Clinton,  and  on  the  School  Fund  of  Connecticut.  H*/ 
was  an  able  speaker  and  a  powerful  writer. 


-~ 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


199 


Grant,  Abraham  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Grant,  James  Benton ;  was  born  in  Russell 
County,  Alabama,  January  2,  1848;  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army  from  January  to  April,  1865;  re 
moved  to  Iowa  in  1870;  attended  the  Iowa  Agricul 
tural  College  three  years,  Cornell  University  one  year 
and  the  School  of  Mines,  at  Freiberg,  Saxony,  two 
years;  then,  in  1876,  visited  Australia  and  New 
"Zealand,  making  a  critical  examination  of  the  ore 
mines  of  those  countries;  settled  at  Leadville,  Colo 
rado,  in  1877,  and  engaged  in  the  business  of  smelt 
ing;  in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Colorado. 

Grant,  Ulysses  S. ;  was  born  in  Point  Pleasant, 
Clermont  County,  Ohio,  April  27,  1822.  Although 
originally  named  Hiram  Ulysses,  the  Congressman 
who  nominated  him  for  the  West  Point  Academy 
gave  his  name  by  mistake  as  Ulysses  S.,  and  by  that 
name  he  has  ever  been  recognized;  graduated  at  the 
Military  Academy  in  1843,  and  as  Second  Lieutenant 
was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Infantry;  continued  in 
the  army  for  eleven  years,  and  participated  in  most 
of  the  battles  of  the  Mexican  War,  serving  under 
Generals  Scott  and  Taylor,  and  receiving  two  brevets 
for  gallantry  at  Molino  del  Key  and  Chapultepec; 
while  serving  in  Oregon,  in  1852,  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Captain;  in  1854  resigned  his  commis 
sion,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
in  1859  was  a  real  estate  agent  in  St.  Louis;  early  in 
1860  removed  to  Galena,  Illinois,  where  he  joined  his 
father  and  a  brother  in  the  manufacture  of  leather. 
When  the  Rebellion  commenced  he  raised  and  took 
command  of  a  company  of  Volunteers;  before  the 
close  of  1861  was  Colonel  of  the  Twenty-first  Illinois 
Regiment,  and  was  made  a  Brigadier-General  of  Vol 
unteers;  in  1862  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major- 
General  of  Volunteers,  from  which  time  his  military 
history  is  to  be  traced  in  his  achievements  at  Fort 
Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth,  luka,  Vicksburg,  and 
Chattanooga,  in  the  west  and  south,  and  at  the 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  and  Peters 
burg  in  Virginia,  culminating  in  the  surrender  of 
General  Robert  E.  Lee,  on  April  9,  1865;  on  July  4, 
1863,  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Major- 
General  in  the  Regular  Army;  was  appointed  Lieu 
tenant-General  March  2,  1864,  receiving  his  commis 
sion  directly  from  the  hands  of  the  President;  the 
full  title  of  General  was  conferred  upon  him  July  25, 
1^(16;  after  the  close  of  the  Rebellion  took  command 
oi'  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  with  his  head 
quarters  at  Washington.  In  December,  1863,  Con 
gress  passed  a  joint  resolution  thanking  him  and  the 
soldiers  who  fought  under  him  for  their  gallant 
services,  and  awarding  him  a  gold  medal;  on  De 
cember  12,  1867,  was  appointed,  by  President  John 
son.  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim,  in  the  place  of  E. 
M.  Stanton,  suspended,  which  position  he  held  until 
the  November  following,  when  the  Senate  refused  to 
sanction  the  suspension  of  Mr.  Stanton;  in  1868  was 
elected  President  of  the  United  States;  inaugurated 
as  such  on  March  4,  1869;  was  re-elected  in  1872  for  the 
term  ending  in  1877.  Died  at  Mt.  McGregor,  July 
23,  1885. 

Grantland,  Seatori ;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
having  taken  up  his  residence  near  Milledgeville,  in 
Georgia,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1835  to  1839;  was  also  a  Presi 
dential  Elector. 

Gravely,  Joseph  J.;  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
Virginia,  in  1828;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  passed  his  youth  chiefly  on  a  farm;  in  1853 and 


1854  was  elected  to  the  Virginia  Legislature;  during 
the  latter  year  removed  to  Missouri;  was  elected  to 
the  Convention  of  that  State  in  1860;  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  State,  and  re-elected  in 
lH(jl;  during  a  part  of  the  Rebellion  was  Colonel  of 
the  Eighth  Regiment  of  Missouri  Cavalry;  after  the 
close  of  the  war  turned  his  attention  to  the  practice 
of  law;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Militia  and  Education  and  Labor. 

Graves,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Mississippi, 
August  29,  1844 ;  when  the  Civil  AVar  broke  out  was 
attending  Centre  College,  Kentucky;  left  college,  and 
entered  the  Confederate  Army,  serving  throughout 
the  war;  in  1865  resumed  his  studies,  and  graduated 
from  Oakland  (now  Alcorn)  University,  Mississippi, 
in  1867;  studied  law,  and  graduated  from  the  Law 
Department  of  the.  University  of  Virginia  in  1869; 
settled  at  Lexington,  Missouri,  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  in  1872  was  elected  City  Attorney  of  Lex 
ington;  in  1874  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Lafayette  County;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress. 

Graves,  Edward  O.;  was  born  in  Herkimer 
County,  New  York,  August  3,  1843;  was  educated  at 
Fairfield  Seminary  and  at  Hobart  College,  Geneva, 
New  York;  on  leaving  college,  June  1,  1863,  was  ap 
pointed  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  at  Washington  City;  was  promoted 
through  the  intermediate  grades  and  on  May  15, 
1868,  was  appointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Treasurer's 
office;  in  April,  1872,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Grant,  a  member  of  the  Treasury  Board  of  Civil  Ser 
vice  Examiners;  in  October,  1873,  was  appointed 
Chief  Examiner  of  the  Civil  Service;  July  1,  1874, 
was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  newly-created 
National  Bank  Redemption  Agency;  in  1877  was 
Chairman  of  a  committee  appointed  to  examine  the 
Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  in  the  Treasury 
Department;  April  1,  1883,  was  appointed  Assistant 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Washington ;  June 
1,  1885,  was  appointed  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  En 
graving  and  Printing  in  the  United  States  Treasury 
Department  at  Washington. 

Graves,  "William  J.;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature  from  Henry  County  in  1834;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1835 
to  1841 ;  in  1838  engaged  in  a  duel  at  Bladensburg, 
Maryland,  with  Jonathan  Cilley,  in  which  the  latter 
was  killed;  was  again  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1843  from  Jefferson  County;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1848.  Died  at  Louisville,  September  27, 
1848.  aged  forty-three  years. 

Gray,  Edward ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1799  to  1813. 

Gray,  George ;  was  born  at  New  Castle,  Dela 
ware,  May  4, 1840;  graduated  from  Princeton  College 
in  1859,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  in  1862 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M. ;  after  studying  law  with 
his  father,  Andrew  C.  Gray,  spent  a  year  in  the 
Harvard  Law  School;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1863,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  New  Castle; 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of 
Delaware,  in  1879,  by  Governor  Hall,  and  re-ap 
pointed,  in  1884,  by  Governor  Stockley;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1876, 
1880,  and  1884;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  appointment 
of  Thomas  F.  Bayard  as  Secretary  of  State,  and  took 
his  seat  March  19,  1885. 


200 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Gray,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  April  10.  1802;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1821;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1823;  settled  in  Elmira,  and  there  practiced  his 
profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1837  to  1839;  in  1846  was  Judge  of 
the  Sixth  Judicial  District;  in  1847  one  of  the  Justices 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  serving  in  that  capacity  until 
1860 

Gray,  Horace ;  was  born  at  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  24,  1828;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1845;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Boston;  was 
Reporter  of  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court 
of  Massachusetts  from  1854  to  1861 ;  in  1864  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  that  Court,  and  in 
1873  became  Chief  Justice  of  the  same  Tribunal;  in 
1881  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Gray,  Isaac  P.;  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania;  his  ancestors  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  his  great-grandfather  having 
come  to  America  with  William  Penn,  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  from  1684  to  1692, 
when  Penn  was  Governor  and  proprietary  of  the 
province;  in  1836  Mr.  Gray's  parents  removed  to 
Ohio,  he  being  but  a  child  at  that  time;  received  a 
common  school  education;  in  1855  removed  to  Union 
City,  Indiana;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  engaged  in  practice  at  Union  City;  in  1857  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council;  in  1862  was 
appointed,  by  Governor  Morton,  Colonel  of  the  Fourth 
Indiana  Cavalry;  in  1864  raised  the  One  Hundred 
and  Forty-seventh  Regiment  of  Indiana  Infantry;  in 
1866  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  July,  1870,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Grant,  Consul  to  St. 
Thomas,  but  declined  the  position;  in  1872  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Liberal  Republican  National  Con 
vention  and  was  appointed,  by  the  Convention,  the 
Indiana  Representative  on  the  National  Committee; 
in  1876  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana; 
became  Governor  on  the  death  of  Governor  James  D. 
Williams;  was  re-nominated  in  1880,  but  was  not 
elected;  in  1881  received  the  complimentary  vote  of 
his  party  in  the  Legislature  for  United  States  Sena 
tor;  in  1884  was  elected  Governor  of  Indiana  for  the 
term  of  four  years. 

Gray,  John  O.;  was  born  in  Southampton  Coun 
ty,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1820  to  1821,  for  the  unexpired  term 
of  James  Johnson. 

Gray  son,  William ;  was  born  in  Prince  William 
County,  Virginia;  educated  at  the  University  of  Ox 
ford,  England ;  studied  law  at  the  Temple,  London, 
and  settled  in  Dumfries,  Virginia;  was  appointed 
Aid-de-camp  to  General  Washington,  August  24, 
17  6;  Colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  January  1, 
1777;  Commissioner  of  the  Board  of  War  in  1780 
and  1781;  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with  Sir  William 
Howe  respecting  prisoners,  while  the  army  Avas  at 
Valley  Forge,  and  at  Monmoitth  commanded  his  reg 
iment  with  valor;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1784  to  1787-,  member  of  the  Virginia 
Convention  to  consider  the  Federal  Constitution  in 
1788,  but.  with  Henry,  opposed  its  adoption ;  in  1789 
and  1790  was  United  States  Senator  from  Virginia. 
Died  at  Dumfries,  while  on  his  way  to  the  Seat  of 
Government,  March  12,  1790. 

Grayson,  "William ;  was  born  in  Maryland  in 
1786;  was  a  planter;  served  in  both  branches  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  suc 


cessful  struggle  to  obtain  a  new  State  Constitution  in 
1838;  was  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1838  to  1841. 
Died  in  Queen  Anne  County,  July  9,  1868. 

Grayson,  "William  J.;  was  born  in  Beaufort, 
South  Carolina,  in  1788;  graduated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  in  1809;  was  bred  to  the  legal  pro 
fession;  was  a  Commissioner  in  Equity  of  South  Car 
olina  for  many  years;  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1813;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1833 
to  1837;  was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Collec 
tor  of  the  Customs  of  Charleston,  holding  the  office 
until  1853;  subsequently  devoted  himself  to  plant 
ing;  published  "The  Hireling  and  the  Slave," 
"  Chicora,  and  other  Poems,"  and  was  the  author  of 
a  "Life  of  J.  L.  Petigru."  Died  in  Newberne,  Octo 
ber  4,  1863;  son  of  William  Grayson. 

Greeley,  Horace ;  was  born  at  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire,  February  3,  1811;  until  the  age  of  four 
teen  attended  a  common  school  during  winter,  work 
ing  in  summer  on  his  father's  farm;  in  1826,  his  par 
ents  having  removed  to  Vermont,  Horace,  who  had 
early  shown  a  fondness  for  reading,  especially  of 
newspapers,  and  had  resolved  to  be  a  printer,  en 
deavored  to  find  employment  as  an  apprentice  in  a 
printing-office  in  Whitehall,  but  without  success; 
afterwards  applied  at  the  office  of  the  Northern  Spec 
tator  in  Poultney,  Vermont,  where  his  services  were 
accepted,  and  where  he  remained  until  1830,  when 
the  paper  was  discontinued,  and  he  returned  to  work 
on  his  father's  farm;  during  the  following  year  went 
to  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  obtained  work  as 
a  journeyman  printer,  and  was  employed  in  various 
offices,  with  occasional  intervals,  for  the  next  eight 
een  months;  in  1834,  in  connection  with  Jonas  Win 
chester,  started  the  New  Yorker,  a  weekly  journal  of 
literature  and  general  intelligence,  and  became  its 
editor;  after  struggling  on  several  years  the  journal 
was  abandoned;  during  its  existence,  Mr.  Greeley 
published  several  political  campaign  papers,  the 
Constitution,  the  Jeffersonian,  and  the  Log  Cabin;  in 
1841  commenced  the  publication  of  the  New  York 
Tribune;  in  1848  was  chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
Thirtieth  Congress,  and  served  through  the  short  term 
preceding  President  Taylor's  inauguration;  in  1851 
visited  Europe,  and  was  chosen  Chairman  of  one  of 
the  juries  at  the  World's  Fair;  gave  an  account  of  his 
travels  in  a  series  of  letters  to  the  Tribune,  which 
were  afterwards  collected  into  a  volume;  also  pub 
lished  a  collection  of  his  addresses,  essays,  etc. ,  un 
der  the  title  of  "Hints  toward  Reforms";  and  a 
work  entitled  "The  American  Conflict";  in  1S64 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866,  and 
to  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention"  of  1867; 
was  one  of  those  who  gave  bail  for  Jefferson  Davis  in 
May,  1867;  in  November,  of  that  year,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Minister  to  Austria, 
and  was  confirmed,  but  declined  the  position;  in  1872 
was  nominated  by  the  Conservative  party  for  the 
office  of  President,  but  was  defeated.  Died  near 
Pleasantville,  Westchester  County,  New  York,  No 
vember  29,  1872.  His  most  popular  book  was  "  Rec 
ollections  of  a  Busy  Life." 

Green,  Byram;  was  born  in  New  York;  served 
five  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  was  sub 
sequently  Judge  of  a  County  Court.  Died  at  Sodus, 
W'ayne  County,  New  York,  October  18,  1865. 

Green,  Duff ;  was  born  in  Georgia  about  the  year 
1794;  was  a  resident  of  St.  Louis,  Territory  of  Mis 
souri,  a£  early  as  1817;  in  1824  became  the  editor  of 
a  paper  called  the  Inquirer;  left  it  before  the  close  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


201 


the  year;  went  to  Washington  City,,  and  in  1826 
became  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  United  States 
Telegraph,  which  he  conducted  until  1835;  he  advo 
cated  the  interests  of  John  C.  Calhoun  against  those 
of  Andrew  Jackson,  while  holding  the  position  of 
Government  Printer,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1829, 
whereby  he  lost  an  annual  income  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars;  carried  his  hostility  against  the  President  so 
;far,  that  he  refused  to  take  his  hand;  from  1835  to 
1838  edited  a  paper  called  the  Reformation;  after  that 
•  went  to  Europe  and  engaged  in  various  schemes  for 
.making  money,  in  which  he  was  eminently  successful; 
•in  1844  edited  a  journal  in  New  York,  called  the 
'Republic,  which  lost  much  money  for  its  proprietors; 
was  subsequently  engaged  wholly  in  private  enter 
prises;  in  1830  had  a  personal  difficulty  with  James 
AVatson  Webb  on  the  steps  of  the  Capitol,  which  at 
tracted  much  attention  in  the  political  world,  but 
resulted  in  no  personal  harm  to  either  party;  the  man 
•who  succeeded  him  as  Public  Printer  in  Washington 
was  Frank  P.  Blair,  and  it  is  a  little  singular  as  an 
incident  in  their  lives,  that  both  these  men  had  a 
habit,  after  they  became  advanced  in  years,  of  ap 
pearing  on  the  streets  of  Washington,  carrying  long 
staffs  instead  of  common  canes,  while  supporting  their 
feeble  steps.  Mr.  Green  died  in  Dalton,  Georgia, 
which  was  his  home,  June  9,  1875. 

Green,  Frederick  W. ;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
removed  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to  1855. 

Green,  I.  L.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1781;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1805  to 
1809,  and  again  from  1811  to  1813.  Died  in  1841. 

Green,  Innis  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1827 
to  1831. 

Green,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  February  28,  1817;  in  1836,  with  no  fortune, 
and  but  a  common  English  education,  removed  to 
Alabama,  where  he  remained  one  year;  then  took  up 
his  residence  in  Missouri ;  after  many  struggles  with 
the  world,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and  soon 
thereafter  acquired  a  lucrative  practice;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1844;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  held  in  1845  for  the  revision  of  the  Constitu 
tion  of  Missouri;  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress 
in  1846,  serving  through  two  terms;  argued  a 
boundary  dispute  case  in  the  Supreme  Court  by  ap 
pointment  of  the  Governor  of  Missouri;  in  1849  took 
the  stump  against  the  late  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Benton ; 
in  1853  President  Pierce  appointed  him  Charge 
d1  Affaires,  and  subsequently  Minister  Resident,  at 
Bogota,  New  Granada;  was  again  elected  a  member 
o*f  Congress  in  1856,  but  before  taking  his  seat  was 
chosen  by  the  Legislature  to  represent  the  State  of 
Missouri  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  where  he 
remained  until  1861;  during  the  first  session  of  the 
Thirty -fifth  Congress  was  a  member  of  the  Coinmit- 
.  tees  on  the  Judiciary  and  on  Territories,  and  at  the 
•commencement  of  the  second  session  of  that  Congress 
was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Territories. 
Died  at  St.  Louis,  January  19,  1870. 

G-reen,  Robert  S.;  was  born  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  March  25,  1831;  graduated  from  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  1850;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  New  Jersey  as  an  attorney  in  1853,  and  as 
Councilor  in  1856;  was  City  Attorney  of  the  City  of 
Elizabeth,  New  Jersey,  from  1857  to  1868;  was  Sur 
rogate  of  Union  County  from  1862  to  1867;  was 
Presiding  Judge  of  Union  County  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  from  1868  to  1873;  was  a  member  of  the  Com 


mission  to  suggest  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of 
New  Jersey  in  1873;  became  a  member  of  the  bar  of 
New  York  in  1874;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Conventionsof  1860  and  1880;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  . 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Green,  Wharton  J.;  was  born  near  St.  Mark's, 
Florida,  whither  his  parents  had  removed  from  North 
Carolina;  was  educated  at  Georgetown  College,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  and  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy,  remaining  three  years  at  the  latter  institu 
tion;  read  law  and  political  economy  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Virginia  and  Cumberland  University,  Ten 
nessee;  upon  his  admission  to  the  bar  became  a 
partner  in  the  law  firm  of  Robert  J.  Walker  and 
Louis  Janin,  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia; 
relinquished  the  profession  soon  afterwards  and  en 
gaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  which  he  has  since 
followed;  upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War 
enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  promoted  to 
Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  taken  prisoner  at  Roanoke 
Island;  wounded  at  Washington;  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner  at  Gettysburg;  at  the  close  of  the  war 
resumed  the  management  of  his  farm  in  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Con 
ventions  of  1868  and  1876;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1868;  purchased  the  famous  Tokay  Vineyard,  in 
Cumberland  County,  North  Carolina,  and  settled 
there;  was  elected  first  President  of  the  Society  of 
Ex-Confederate  Soldiers  and  Sailors  of  North  Caro 
lina;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Green,  "Willis;  was  born  in  the  Shenandoah  Val 
ley,  Virginia;  represented  Kentucky  County  in  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia;  was  Clerk  of  the  Court  for 
many  years:  was  a  member  of  the  Danville  Conven 
tion  in  1785,  and  of  the  first  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1792;  was  a  Surveyor  for  locating  land  , 
warrants;  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature  in  1836  and  1837;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1845. 

Greene,  Albert  C.;  was  born  in  East  Greenwich, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1792;  read  law  in  New  York,  where 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  returned  to  his  native 
State,  and  there  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  in  1815  was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  State;  in  1816  was  elected  a  Brigadier-General 
of  Militia,  and  subsequently  became  a  Major-General ; 
from  1822  to  1825  served  again  in  the  Legislature  of 
the  State,  and  was  chosen  Speaker;  from  1825  to 
1843  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State;  from  1845  to 
1851  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island; . 
having  again  served  a  term  in  each  of  the  two  Houses 
of  the  State  Legislature,  retired  from  public  life  in 
1857;  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from. 
Brown  University  in  1827.  Died  at  Providence, 
January  8,  1863. 

Greene,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York,  July  4,  1831;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania;  was  a  teacher  in  several  academies 
in  Pennsylvania  for  several  years;  was  appointed  a 
School  Commissioner  for  Orange  County  in  1856;  read 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1860;  in  1861  was 
elected  Judge  of  Orange  County  for  three  years;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Freed- 
men's  Affairs. 

Greene,  Bay;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1784 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Rhode  Island  from  1797  to  1801,  when  he 
resigned.  Died  in  1849. 


202 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Greene,  Roger  Sherman ;  was  born  in  Rox- 
bury  (now  Boston),  Massachusetts,  December  14, 
1840;  removed  to  Westborough,  Massachusetts,  in 
1849,  and  to  Windsor,  Vermont,  in  1851;  received  a 
classical  education,  graduating  from  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1859;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Evarts, 
Southmayd  &  Choate,  New  York  City;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  there  in  May,  1862,  and  engaged  in  prac 
tice;  entered  the  Union  Army  for  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  in  September,  1862,  under  commission  as 
Second  Lieutenant  of  Company  I,  Third  Missouri 
Infantry;  in  March,  1863,  was  promoted  to  First 
Lieutenant  in  the  same  company;  was  made  Captain 
of  Company  C,  Fifty-first  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry,  in 
August,  1863,  and  serving  as  officer  of  that  regiment 
till  the  close  of  the  war;  was  honorably  discharged, 
by  acceptance  of  resignation,  November,  1865;  was 
Judge  Advocate  of  the  District  of  Vicksburg  at  the 
close  of  1864  and  beginning  of  1865,  and  Judge  Ad 
vocate  of  the  Western  Division  of  Louisiana  from 
June,  1865,  until  retirement  from  service;  received  a 
severe  gunshot  wound  through  his  right  arm  in  the 
general  assault  on  Vicksburg,  while  in  command  of 
his  company,  May  22,  1863;  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  January,  1866;  in 
July,  1870,  while  residing  at  Kenosha,  Wisconsin,  was 
appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Washington  Territory,  residing  at  Olympia;  was 
twice  re-appointed,  holding  the  office  until  January, 
1879,  when  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
same  court,  residing  at  Seattle,  Washington  Terri 
tory;  in  1883,  was  re-appointed  Chief  Justice. 

Greene,  Thomas  M.;  was  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress  from  the  Territory  of  Mississippi  from  1802  to 
1803. 

Greenleaf,  Halbert  S.;  was  born  at  Guilford, 
Vermont,  April  12,  1827;  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education ;  taught  school  for  three  years; 
at  the  age  of  twenty-three  shipped  before  the  mast  on 
a  whaling  vessel  and  made  one  voyage;  in  1852  re 
moved  to  Shilburne  Falls,  Massachusetts,  and  was 
employed  in  a  cutlery  manufactory;  at  the  expiration 
of  nine  months  engaged  in  manufacturing  pursuits 
on  his  own  account;  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  1856;  served  two  years  as  a  Captain  of  State 
Militia;  in  1861  organized  the  Yale  and  Greenleaf  Lock 
Company,  of  which  he  became  Business  Manager;  in 
1862  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army;  served  with  con 
spicuous  gallantry,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel,  arid 
frequently  commanding  a  Brigade;  in  1882  was  elected 
Commander  of  the  First  New  York  Veteran  Brigade, 
with  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  and  was  unani 
mously  re-elected  in  1883;  became  very  successful  in 
the  manufacture  of  locks;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress. 

Greenup,  Christopher  ;  was  Governor  of  Ken 
tucky  from  1804  to  1808;  was  a  patriot  of  the  Ameri 
can  Revolution,  and  participated  in  the  perils  of  the 
war;  was  at  various  times  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Kentucky ;  was  a  Representative  of  that  State 
in  Congress  from  1792  to  1797;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1809;  was  a  man  of  great  usefulness  in  his 
native  State.  Died  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  April 
24,  1818. 

Greenwood,  A.  B.;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  July  11,  1811 ;  graduated  at  the  Athens 
University,  Georgia;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Arkansas 
from  1842  to  1845;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  said 
State  from  1845  to  1851;  Circuit  Judge  from  1851  to 
3:  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 


Arkansas  from  1853  to  1858,  serving  a  portion  of  the 
time  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs; 
in  1859  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Com 
missioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 

Gregg1,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  June  10,  1755;  received  a  good  classical  edu 
cation,  and  for  several  years  was  tutor  in  the  Univers 
ity  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1783  opened  a  country  store 
in  Middletown,  Dauphin  County,  whence  he  removed 
in  1789  to  a  wilderness  valley,  where  he  commenced 
agricultural  pursuits;  in  1790  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  serving 
from  1791  to  1807;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1807  to  1813,  serving  for  a  time  as  President 
pro  1cm.  of  the  Senate;  in  1814  removed  to  Bellefonte; 
in  1816  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  remai-kable  for  a  sound  and  discrimina 
ting  mind,  agreeable  and  dignified  manners,  and  per 
formed  his  duties  with  talent  and  integrity.  Died 
at  Bellefonte,  May  20,  1835.  % 

Gregg,  David  L.;  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois;  in 
1853  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  with  diplomatic 
powers  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  where  he  remained 
until  1858. 

Gregg,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Patrick  County, 
Virginia,  June  26,  1806;  received  a  common  school 
education;  was  a  practical  farmer;  studied  law;  in 
1830  settled  in  Hendrick  County,  Indiana;  from  1834 
to  1837  was  County  Surveyor;  was  then  chosen  Clerk 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  serving  until  1845;  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Expendi 
tures. 

Gregory,  Dudley  S.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  at  one  time  engaged  in  the  iron  business  among 
the  Adirondack  Mountains  of  New  York;  settled  in 
New  Jersey;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1849;  held  many 
positions  of  trust  and  honor.  Died  in  Jersey  City, 
December  8,  1874. 

Gregory,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  in  1842  and  1843. 

Greig,  John ;  was  born  in  Dumfriesshire,  Scot 
land,  August  6,  1779;  educated  at  the  Edinburgh 
High  School;  emigrated  to  America  in  1797;  settled 
in  Canandaigua,  New  York;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1804;  practiced  his  profession  until 
1820,  when  he  became  Presideutof  the  Ontario  Bank, 
which  position  he  held  until  1856;  was  for  many 
years  a  Regent  of  the  New  York  University,  and  also 
a  Vice-Chancellor;  was  long  the  active  head  of  an 
Agricultural  Society,  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  corporators  of  the  Ontario  Female  Seminary;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1841 ;  resigned  at  the  close  of  the  first 
session.  Died  at  Canandaigua,  April  9,  1858. 

Greiner,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  re 
moved  to  Ohio  when  young;  was,  for  eight  years, 
Librarian  of  the  State  Library;  became  editor  of  the 
Ohio  State  Journal,  and  was  a  writer  of  popular 
political  songs,  among  the  most  noted  of  which  were 
those  entitled,  "Old  Zip  Coon,"  "  Tippecanoe  and 
Tyler  Too,"  and  "  The  Wagoner  Boy";  in  1849  was 
appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  an  Indian  Agent  in 
New  Mexico;  afterwards  became  Governor  of  the 
Territory;  in  1865  settled  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  and 
edited  the  Times  of  that  city;  was  very  popular  as  a 
member  of  various  societies.  Died  at  Toledo,  May  13, 
1871,  in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


203 


Grennell,  George ;  was  born  in  Greenfield, 
Franklin  County,  Massachusetts,  December  25,  1786; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1808;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1811;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Franklin  County  from  1829  to  1818;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1824  to  1827;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1829  to  1839;  was  for  many  years,  from  1838  to 
1859,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Amherst 
College,  and  in  1854  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  that  institution;  from  1849  to 
1853  was  Probate  Judge  for  his  county,  and  subse 
quently  settled  down  as  Clerk  of  the  Franklin  Coun 
ty  Court;  was  the  first  man  who  proposed  and 
advocated  on  the  floor  of  Congress  the  recognition  of 
Hayti. 

Gresham,  Walter  Q.;  was  born  in  Harrison 
County,  Indiana,  March  17,  1833;  attended  the  State 
University,  at  Bloomington,  Indiana,  but  did  not 
graduate;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in 
1855,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Coryden,  Indiana; 
entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861  as  Lieutenant-Col 
onel;  was,  soon  afterwards,  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy, 
and  was  made  a  Brigadier-General  after  the  fall  of 
Vicksburg;  was  wounded  in  July,  1864,  while  in 
command  of  a  Division  before  Atlanta,  and  was 
brevetted  a  Major-General  from  that  date;  was  Finan 
cial  Agent  of  Indiana  at  New  York  City  from  1867  to 
1869,  when  he  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Indiana,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  until  April,  1883,  when  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General  in  the  Cabinet  of.  President 
Arthur;  in  1884  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
United  States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Seventh  Judicial 
Circuit. 

Grey,  Benjamin  E.;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  from 
Logan  County  in  1838  and  1839;  was  State  Senator 
from  1847  to  1851;  was  Speaker  of  the  Senate  and 
Acting  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1850;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1851  to 
1855. 

Grider,  Henry;  was  born  in  Garrard  County, 
Kentucky,  July  16,  1796;  received  a  good  education 
at  Bowling  Green  and  elsewhere;  studied  law,  and 
while  engaged  in  practice,  also  devoted  some  atten 
tion  to  farming;  rendered  his  first  public  service  as  a 
private  in  the  army,  during  the  last  war  with  En 
gland,  serving  with  Shelby  in  his  campaign  to  Cana 
da;  in  1827  and  1831  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Kentucky,  and  in  1833  to  the  ate  Senate,  where 
he  served  four  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1843  to  1847;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  on 
Mileage;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress; 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Territories; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Territories.  Mileage,  and  Recon 
struction  Died  in  Warren  County,  Kentucky,  Sep 
tember  14,  1866. 

Grier,  Robert  C.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  5,  1794 ;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1812;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1817,  practicing  his  profession  in  North 
umberland,  Columbia,  Lycoming,  Union,  and  Schuyl- 
kill  Counties;  was  appointed  President  Judge  of  Al 
legheny  County  in  1833,  when  he  became  a  resident 
of  Pittsburg;  in  1846  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States;  removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1848. 
Died  in  Philadelphia,  September  25,  1870. 


Griffin,  Cyrus;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1749; 
was  educated  in  England;  returning  to  Virginia,  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1781,  and 
in  1787  and  1788,  and  was  its  President  in  1788;  was 
President  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Admiralty;  a' 
Commissioner  in  1789  to  the  Creek  Nation;  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  for  Virginia  from 
1789  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Yorktown, 
Virginia,  December  14,  1810. 

Griffin,  Isaac;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

Griffin,  John  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Indiana; 
in  1800  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  that  Territory;  in  1806  was  appointed  to 
the  same  position  for  the  Territory  of  Michigan, 
where  he  remained  for  many  years. 

Griffin,  John  K.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1831  to  1841.  Died 
at  Milton,  South  Carolina,  August  1,  1841. 

Griffin,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1789  to  1795,  and  was  one 
of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  seat  of  Govern 
ment  on  the  Potomac. 

Griffin,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1 803  to  1805. 

Griffith,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Wales,  Great 
Britain,  February  14,  1816;  was  educated  at  Alle 
gheny  College,  Meadville;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  practiced;  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Forty-second  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Freed- 
men's  Affairs. 

Griffith,  "William  ;  was  one  of  the  earliest 
Judges  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court;  in  1801 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  to  the  Third 
Circuit. 

Grimes,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Deering,  Hills- 
borough  County,  New  Hampshire,  October  16,  1816; 
commenced  his  education  at  Hampton  Academy, 
and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1836;  soon 
after  that  time  emigrated  to  the  West;  in  1838  was 
elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of 
Iowa,  to  which  he  was  frequently  re-elected;  was 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Iowa  from  1854  to  1858;  in 
1 859  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that 
State  for  six  years,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  also  of  that 
on  Naval  Affairs,  and  as  a  member  of  those  on  Pub 
lic  Lands  and  Public  Buildings;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "  Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1865,  and  ending 
in  1871;  in  1865  received  from  the  Iowa  College  the 
degree  of  LL.  D. ;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Special 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Rebellious  States,  and  the 
Committees  on  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate 
and  on  Appropriations;  and  was  one  of  the  Senators 
designated  by  the  Senate  to  attend  the  funeral  of 
General  Scott  in  1866.  Died  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
February  7,  1872. 

Grinnell,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  November  17,  1788;  his  early  educa 
tion  was  received  at  private  schools,  and  was  molded 
in  view  of  a  mercantile  life;  commenced  business  in 
New  York  as  a  commission  merchant  in  1809,  and 
continued  there  until  1829,  for  five  years  being  con 
nected  with  John  H.  Rowland,  eleven  with  Preserved 


204 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Fish,  and  four  years  with  his  brothers,  Moses  H. 
and  Henry  Grinnell;  in  182JJ  retired  from  the  New 
York  concern,  and  visited  Europe;  on  his  return  set 
tled  in  his  native,  place,  devoting  himself  to  com 
merce  generally,  and  especially  to  the  whale  fishery; 
among  the  laborious  positions  which  he  long  held  in 
New  Bedford  were  those  of  President  of  the  Marine 
Bank,  of  the  New  Bedford  and  Taunton  Railroad, 
and  of  the  Wamsutta  Cotton  Mill;  in  1839,  1840,  and 
1841  was  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  of 
Massachusetts;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  in  1843,  and  was  three  times  re-elected,  serving 
on  the  Post  Office  and  Commerce  Committees;  orig 
inated  the  idea  of  a  reduction  of  postage  and  the 
establishment  of  life  boats;  indeed,  so  great  was  Mr. 
Grinnell's  influence  on  the  floor  of  Congress,  as  every 
measure  he  proposed  seemed  to  succeed,  he  was  play 
fully  designated  by  his  friends  as  one  of  the  most 
dangerous  men  in  the  House. 

Grinnell,  Josiah  B.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Vermont,  December  22,   1821;  received  a  collegiate 
and  theological  education;  went  to  Iowa  in  1855,  and 
turned  his  attention   to  farming,  becoming  the  most 
extensive  wool-grower  in  the  State,  to  which  indus 
try  he  devoted  special  attention;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  for  four  years;  a  special  agent  for 
the  General  Post  Office  for  two  years;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con- 
,  gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and 
'  Post  Roads;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
i  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Freedmen,  on  Agricul 
ture,  and  on  the  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York;  in  June. 
.  1866,  L.  H.  Rousseau,  a  fellow-member,  made  a  per 
sonal  assault  upon  him  for  words  spoken  in  debate, 
which  resulted  in  a  resolution  which   was  passed, 
•  reprimanding  the  assailant  for  "  violating  the  rights 
and  privileges  of  the  House." 

G-rinnell,  Moses  H.;  was  born  in  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  March  3,  1803;  was  educated  at  pri 
vate  schools  and  at  Friends'  Academy;  was  bred  a 
merchant,  and  frequently  went  abroad  as  supercargo ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York, 
from  1839  to  1841;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856; 
Moses  H.,  &  Henry  Grinnell,  and  Robert  B.  Minturn, 
were  the  gentlemen  com  posing  the  distinguished  firm 
of  Grinnell,  Minturn  &  Co.,  the  house  taking  that 
title  in  1829,  though  in  reality  founded  many  years 
before  by  Joseph  Grinnell  and  Preserved  Fish;  in 
1869  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of  New 
York. 

Griswold,  G-aylord ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1787;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly 
from  1796  to  1798;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1803  to  1805.  Died  in  1809. 

G-riswold,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York,  about  the  year  1822;  was  edu 
cated  for  the  mercantile  profession;  settled  himself  in 
the  iron  trade,  and  also  engaged  in  banking;  served 
one  term  as  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Troy;  in  1862  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thir 
ty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Death  of 
President  Lincoln  and  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means. 

G-riswold,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Greene  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1827;  after  acquiring  a  good  edu 
cation  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1856  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  Greene 
County,  and  held  the  position  for  three  years;  in  1864 


was  elected  County  Judge,  and  continued  in  the 
office  four  years;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Coinage. 

G-riswold,  Rog-er ;  was  born  in  Lyme,  Connec 
ticut,  May  21,  1762;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1780,  and  studied  law,  in  the  practice  of  which  he 
became  eminent;  from  1795  to  1805  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut:  in  1801  declined 
the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  War,  tendered  him  by 
President  Adams,  a  few  days  previous  to  the  accession 
of  President  Jefferson ;  in  1807  was  chosen  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  from  1809  to  1811;  was  then  elected  Gov 
ernor;  while  holding  that  office  he  refused  to  place 
four  companies  under  General  Dearborn,  at  the  requi 
sition  of  the  President,  for  garrison  purposes,  deem 
ing  the  requisition  unconstitutional,  as  they  were 
not  wanted  to  "repel  invasion";  in  1809  was  a 
Presidential  Elector;  a  scene  that  occurred  between 
him  and  Matthew  Lyon,  on  the  floor  of  Congress, 
caused  great  excitement;  he  received,  from.  Harvard 
College,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  1812. 

Griswold,  Stanley;  was  born  in  Torringfbrd, 
Connecticut,  November,  1768;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1786,  and  became  a  clergyman ;  in  1804  be 
came  the  editor  of  a  Democratic  paper  in  Walpole, 
New  Hampshire;  was  soon  after  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Michigan; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Ohio  in  1809,  but  was 
superseded  by  A.  Campbell;  was  United  States  Judge 
for  the  Northwestern  Territory.  Died  at  Shawnee- 
town,  Illinois,  August  21,  1814. 

Groesbeck,  William  S.;  was  born  in  New 
York  about  the  year  1826;  studied  law,  and  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  in  1851  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Con 
stitutional  Convention";  in  1852  was  a  member  of 
the  Commission  appointed  to  codify  the  laws  of  Ohio; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs;  was  a  member  of  the  "Peace  Congress"  of 
1861;  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  was  one  of  the  counsel  for  Andrew 
Johnson  during  his  Impeachment  Trial  in  1868. 

Groome,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Elkton,  Cecil 
County,  Maryland,  April  4,  1838;  studied  law  with 
his  father,  John  C.  Groome,  who  was  a  prominent 
lawyer;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861 ;  in  1867  was 
elected  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in 
1871  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
re-elected;  in  1874  was  elrtjted  Governor  of  Mary 
land  ;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  Mary 
land  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1879. 

Gross,  Ezra  C.;  was  born  in  Windsor  County, 
Vermont;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in 
1806;  practiced  law  in  Elizabethtown,  New  York; 
was  Surrogate  of  Essex  County  from  1815  to  1819; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1821;  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of 
that  State  in  1828  and  1829.  Died  before  the  close 
of  his  second  term. 

Gross,  Samuel;  was  a  native  of  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1823. 

Grosvenor,  Charles  Henry;  was  born  at  Pom- 
fret,  Connecticut,  September  20,  1833 ;  descended 
from  Colonel  Thomas  Grosvenor,  of  the  Second  Regi- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


205 


meat  of  the  Connecticut  line  in  the  Revolutionary 
Army,  who  was  his  grandfather,  and  his  father  was 
an  officer  in  the  army  during  the  war  of  1812;  when 
five  years  of  age — in  1838 — he  was  taken,  by  his 
parents,  to  Ohio,  settling  in  Athens  County;  his  edu 
cation  was  confined  to  two  terms  in  an  infant  school 
at  Pomfret,  when  he  was  four  years  of  age,  and  three 
winter  terms  in  a  log  school  house  in  Ohio — 1840  to 
1849;  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  reached  his  major 
ity;  studied  law  and  taught  school  for  three  winters, 
in  Athens  County;  was  clerk  in  a  store  for  portions 
of  six  years;  Avas  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Athens,  in 
1857,  and  engaged  in  practice  there ;  was  elected 
Township  Clerk  in  1855  and  1856;  was  a  member  of 
the  Town  Council  of  Athens  in  1859  and  1860:  en 
listed  in  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  and  served 
throughout  the  war  as  Major,  Lieutenant-Colonel  and 
Colonel,  and  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  in  1865; 
was  Solicitor  of  Athens  in  1867  and  1868;  Presidential 
Elector  in  1872  and  1880;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1873  and  re-elected 
in  1875,  serving  as  Speaker  in  1876  and  1877;  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home  in  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Grosvenor,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  in  Pomfret, 
Connecticut,  in  1780;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1800;  after  studying  law,  removed  to  New  York; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1817.  Died  April  25,  1817. 

Grout,  Jonathan ;  was  born  in  Lunenburg, 
Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  July  23,  1737; 
was  an  officer  in  the  colonial  service  in  the  French 
and  Indian  War  of  1757  to  1760;  studied  law  and 
settled  in  Petersham,  Worcester  County,  Massachu 
setts;  was  an  active  and  energetic  Whig  through  the 
Revolutionary  War;  served  for  a  short  time  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army;  was  for  some  years  a  member 
of  the  ' '  General  Court, ' '  or  House  of  Representatives 
of  Massachusetts;  in  1789  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  First  Congress,  in  which  he  served  from  1789  to 
1791;  subsequently  devoted  himself  to  his  profession. 
Died  while  attending  Court  at  Dover,  New  Hamp 
shire,  September  8,  1807. 

Grout,  William  W.;  was  born,  of  American 
parents,  at  Compton,  Province  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
May  24,  1836;  returned,  with  his  parents,  to  the  old 
homestead,  in  Kirby,  Caledonia  County,  Vermont,  in 
1846;  received  a  common  school  and  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  was  graduated  from  the  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York,  Law  School,  with  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Laws  in  1857;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Caledondia  County,  Vermont,  in  December  of  that 
year ;  settled  at  Barton,  Orleans  County,  Vermont,  in 
August,  1858,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in 
1862  was  nominated,  by  the  Republican  party,  for 
State's  Attorney,  but  declined  the  candidacy,  and  in 
the  succeeding  September  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army ;  was  made  Captain  on  the  organization  of  the 
company,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  on  the  organization 
of  the  regiment;  served  until  musteredout,  in  August, 
1863;  in  July,  1864,  was  commissioned,  by  the  Gov 
ernor  of  Vermont,  -to  recruit  colored  troops  at  New- 
berne,  North  Carolina,  and,  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year, 
was  appointed,  by  the  same  authority,  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  provisional  forces  upon  the  Canadian 
frontier,  after  the  St.  Albans  Raid ;  the  same  fall  was 
elected,  by  the  Legislature,  a  Brigadier-General,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Brigade 
of  Vermont  Militia;  also,  the  same  fall,  was  elected 
State's  Attorney  for  Orleans  County  for  a  term  of  two 


years;  in  1868  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention;  in  1868,  1869,  1870,  and  1874 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Vermont  Legislature;  in 
1876  was  a  member,  and  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
State  Senate;  in  1878  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  Congress;  in  1880  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Vermont  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  and  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress;  in  1876  became  a  Director  in  the  Barton 
National  Bank,  in  which  position  he  continued. 

Grove,  William  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1791  to  1803. 

Grover,  Asa  P.;  was  born  in  Ontario  County, 
New  York,  in  1819;  was  educated  at  Centre  College, 
Kentucky,  of  which  State  he  became  a  resident  in 
1847;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1857;  re-elected  in  1861,  holding  the 
position  eight  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  on  the  Public  Build 
ings. 

Grover,  Lafayette;  was  born  in  Bethel,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine;  educated  at  Bowdoin  College; 
studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1850,  and  soon  afterwards  took  up  his 
residence  in  Salem,  Oregon  Territory;  in  1851  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Territory;  in 
1852  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts ;  served  three  years 
in  the  Territorial  Legislature;  saw  some  service  in  the 
Indian  wars  of  Oregon ;  in  1854  was  a  Commissioner 
to  adjust  the  claims  of  citizens  in  Oregon  against 
the  United  States;  in  1856  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  investigate  the  Indian  war  claims 
against  the  General  Government;  having  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Convention  of  1857  to  form  a 
State  Constitution,  was  subsequently  elected  the  first 
Representative  in  Congress  from  the  prospective 
State,  and  took  his  seat  as  such  in  February,  1859; 
subsequently  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  from  1867 
to  1870  was  engaged  in  the  milling  business;  was 
Chairman  of  the  State  Central  Democratic  Commit 
tee;  in  1870  was  elected  Governor  of  Oregon,  and 
re-elected  in  1874;  resigned  in  1877  to  take  his  seat 
as  a  United  States  Senator  from  Oregon  for  the  term 
ending  in  1883. 

Grover,  Martin ;  was  a  native  of  New  York; 
was  bred  a  lawyer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  from  1857  to  1859; 
was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  from  1859  for  a 
full  term;  was  elected  an  Associate  Judge  in  1870  for 
fourteen  years.  Died  in  Allegany  County,  New 
York,  August  23,  1875.  He  acquired  a  fortune  by 
his  profession,  and  would  never  accept  more  than 
7  per  cent,  interest  for  money  loaned. 

Grow,  Galusha  A.;  was  born  in  Ashford,  Wind- 
ham  County,  Connecticut,  August  31,  1823;  was  edu 
cated  at  Amherst  College,  graduating  in  1844; 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1847;  having  settled  among  the  moun 
tains  of  Pennsylvania,  and  hishealth  being  delicate,  he 
amused  himself  by  surveying  wild  land  and  rafting; 
in  1850  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  where  he  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories  and  Public  Printing; 
when  Mr.  Banks  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives,  Mr.  Grow  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories;  during  one  of  the  recesses  of 
Congress  visited  Europe;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Territories;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of 


206 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Representatives;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore 
Convention  "  of  1864;  subsequently  resided  for  sev 
eral  years  in  Texas,  engaged  in  important  business 
enterprises;  returned  to  Pennsylvania  in  1875,  and 
again  took  an  interest  in  political  affairs. 

G-rundy,  Felix ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  Septem 
ber  11,  1770;  removed  with  his  father  to  Kentucky, 
and  was  educated  at  Bardstown  Academy:  studied 
law,  and  soon  became  distinguished  at  the  bar;  com- 
irfenced  his  public  career,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two, 
as  a  member  of  the  Convention  for  revising  the  Con 
stitution  of  Kentucky;  was  afterwards,  for  six  or 
seven  years,  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  'in  1806  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  and  was  soon  after  Chief 
Justice;  in  1807  removed  to  Nashville,  Tennessee,  and 
became  eminent  as  a  lawyer;  from  1811  to  1814  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee,  and  dur 
ing  several  years  after  was  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State;  from  1829  to  1838  was  United 
States  Senator,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed, 
by  President  Van  Buren,  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States;  in  1840  resigned  this  position,  and  was 
again  elected  Senator.  Died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
December  19,  1840. 

Guenther,  Richard ;  was  born  at  Potsdam, 
Prussia,  November  30,  1845;  received  a  collegiate 
education;  studied  pharmacy  in  the  Royal  Pharmacy 
at  Potsdam;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1866; 
settled  at  Oshkosh.  Wisconsin,  in  1867;  was  elected 
State  Treasurer  in  1876  and  re-elected  in  1878;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty -ninth  Congresses. 

G-uerard,  Benjamin ;  was  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1783  to  1785;  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1783.  Died  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  January, 
1789. 

Guion,  John  J.;  was  the  son  of  Major  James 
Guion,  of  the  regular  army,  and  was  born  in  Natchez, 
Mississippi,  in  1801;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  and  President  of  that  body ;  also  a  Judge  of 
the  Criminal  Court;  in  1851  Governor,  pro  tern.,  of  the 
State;  subsequently  a  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
the  State.  Died  at  Vicksburg,  June  26,  1855. 

Gunckel,  Louis  B.;  was  born  in  Germantown, 
Ohio,  October  15,  1826;  sruduated  at  Farmer's  College 
in  1848,  and  the  law  school  of  Cincinnati  College  in 
1851;  came  to  the  bar  the  same  year;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  National  Republican  Convention  in  1856;  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  Ohio  in  1862,  1863,  1864,  and 
1865,  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  Congress,  one  of  the  Managers  of  the 
National  Asylum  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  in 
1864,  and  re-appointed  in  1870;  was  appointed  United 
States  Commissioner  to  investigate  Indian  frauds, 
in  1871:  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Aifairs. 

Gunn,  James ;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Georgia  from  1789  to  1801.  Died  in 
Louisville,  in  that  State,  July  30,  1801.  He  was  one 
of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Govern 
ment  on  the  Potomac. 

Gunter,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Middle  Ten 
nessee,  September  18,  1826;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  graduating  from  Irving  College  in  1850; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced 
practice  at  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  in  1853;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Convention  of  1861;  served  in 
the  Confederate  Army  as  a  Colonel;  was  Prosecuting 


Attorney  from  1866  to  1868;  successfully  contested 
the  seat  of  W.  W.  Wilshire  in  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty -fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Gurley,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Con 
necticut,  in  1787;  was  educated  at  Williamstown 
College;  studied  law,  and  settled  at  an  early  day  in 
Louisiana;  was  a  Representative  in>  Congress  from 
that  Slate  from  1823  to  1831;  previously  held  the 
office  of  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  Court 
of  Louisiana.  Died  in  1832. 

Gurley,  John  A.;  was  born  in  East  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  December  9, 1813;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  for  the  ministry;  was  settled  as 
a  preacher  at  Methuen,  Massachusetts,  from  1834  to 
1837,  when  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where, 
for  fifteen  years  he  published  a  paper  called  the  Star 
of  the  West;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  officiating  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Printing;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce,  and  on  Roads  and  Canals. 
Died  at  Cincinnati,  August  19,  1863,  Avhile  holding 
the  office  of  Governor  of  Arizona,  conferred  upon  him 
by  President  Lincoln. 

Gustine,  Amos ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1843.  Died  in 
Lost  Creek  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  March  3,  1844. 

Guthrie,  James ;  was  born  near  Bardstown, 
Nelson  County,  Kentucky,  December  5,  1792;  edu 
cated  at  the  Bardstown  Academy;  when  twenty 
years  of  age  commenced  trading  with  New  Orleans 
as  the  owner  of  flat-boats;  studied  law,  and  in  his 
twenty-fifth  year  settled  at  Louisville  as  a  lawyer; 
for  a  time  held  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the  county  in  which  he  lived,  and  for  many  years 
practiced  his  profession  with  success;  during  that 
period  was  shot  by  a  political  opponent,  and  was,  in 
consequence,  confined  to  his  bed  for  thro  •  years; 
served  nine  years  in  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  and 
six  years  in  the  State  Senate;  was  President  of  the 
"  State  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1851;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  banking  business  of  Louisville, 
and,  after  originating,  became  President  of  the  Nash 
ville  and  Louisville  Railroad;  in  1853  went  into 
President  Pierce's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treas 
ury  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  ' '  Chicago  Convention  ' ' 
of  1864 ;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky,  in  1865,  for  the  term  ending  in  1871,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Finance,  Agriculture,  Patents, 
Appropriations,  and  Mines  and  Mining:  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  resigned  in  February,  1868,  on  ac 
count  of  his  health.  Died  in  Louisville,  March  13, 
1869. 

Guyon,  James,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Richmond 
County,  New  York,  in  1777;  represented  Staten  Island 
in  the  Legislature  of  New  York  a  number  of  years; 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1819  to  1821.  Died 
on  Staten  Island,  March  8,  1846. 

Gwin,  "William  M.;  was  born  in  Summer  County, 
Tennessee,  October  9,  1805;  graduated  at  Transyl 
vania  University,  Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  studied 
medicine;  was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for 
Mississippi ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  serving  from  1841  to  1843;  was  Com 
missioner  of  Public  Buildings  to  superintend  the 
erection  of  the  New  Orleans  Custom-House;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  framing  the  Constitu 
tion  of  California;  was  one  of  the  first  United  States 
Senators  from  that  State,  having  been  elected,  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1850,  for  six  years,  and  re-elected,  in  1856,  for  the 
term  which  expired  in  1861;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Finance,  and  on  Post  Offices  and 
Post  Roads;  during  the  Rebellion  was  arrested  and 
imprisoned  for  his  opposition  to  the  Federal  Govern 
ment,  but  was  released  on  his  parole  by  President 
•Johnson  in  1866;  after  the  war  retiirned  to  Califor 
nia,  where  he  was  largely  interested  in  mining. 
Died  September  3,  1885. 

Grwinnett,  Button ;  was  born  in  England  in 
1732;  received  a  good  education;  came  to  America  in 
1770,  and  settled  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina;  was 
devoted  first  to  commercial  pursuits,  and  afterwards 
to  planting,  in  Georgia;  joined  the  popular  party, 
and  was  conspicuous  at  Revolutionary  committees; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1775  to  1776,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declar 
ation  of  Independence;  in  1777  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  form  a  State  Constitution  for  Georgia; 
was  re-elected  to  Congress,  but,  having  fought  a  duel 
with  General  Mclntosh,  was  mortally  wounded,  and 
died  May  27,  1777. 

Habersham,  John;  was  born  in  1754;  was  a 
member  of  the  first  regiment  ever  formed  in  Georgia; 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress  in  1785  and 
1786;  Collector  of  the  port  of  Savannah  from  1789  to 
1799.  Died  in  Chatham  County,  Georgia,  Novem 
ber  19,  1799. 

Habersham,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Georgia  in 
1750;  served  with  distinction  in  the  Revolutionary 
War  as  a  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to 
1786;  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  Postmaster-Gen 
eral  in  1795,  and,  having  been  continued  in  office  by 
Presidents  Adams  and  Jefferson,  resigned  in  1802, 
when  he  became  a  President  of  the  Branch  Bank  of 
the  United  States  at  Savannah,  which  he  held  until 
his  death.  Died  in  Georgia  in  1815. 

Habersham,  Richard  W.;  was  born  in  Savan 
nah  Georgia  in  1786;  was  educated  at  Nassau  Hall, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  graduated  in  1805;  distin 
guished  himself  as  a  lawyer,  and  occupied  many  sta 
tions  of  trust  in  his  native  State;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1839  to  1843,  where  he  com 
manded  great  respect  for  his  political  integrity.  Died 
in  Habersham  County,  Georgia,  December  2,  1844. 

Hackett,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  Georgia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Indian  Affairs.  Died  at  Marietta,  Georgia, 
October  8,  1851. 

Hackley,  Aaron,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  in  1814,  1815,  and  1818;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1821. 

Haddock,  Charles  Brickett ;  was  bor.n  in 
Franklin,  New  Hampshire,  June  20,  1796;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1816,  and  Andover  Semi 
nary  in  1819;  was  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles 
Lettres  at  Dartmouth  from  1819  to  1838,  and  of  In 
tellectual  Philosophy  and  Political  Economy  from 
1838  to  1844;  was  Charge  d' Affaires  from  the 'United 
States  to  Portugal  from  1851  to  1855;  was  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  Hampshire  four  years;  intro 
duced  the  present  common  school  system  of  the  State, 
and  was  the  first  school  commissioner  under  it;  was 
the  originator  of  the  railroad  system  of  New  Hamp 
shire;  published  a  volume  of  addresses,  etc.,  includ 


ing  occasional  sermons;  was  a  contributor  to  the 
Biblical  Repertory,  the  Bibliothcca  Sacra,  and  other 
periodicals,  and  for  fifteen  years  made  reports  on 
education.  Died  at  West  Lebanon,  New  Hampshire, 
January  15,  1861. 

Hadley  O.  A.;  was  cx-officio  Governor  of  Arkan 
sas  in  the  years  1872  and  1873. 

Hager,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Morris  County, 
New  Jersey,  March  12,  1818;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1836;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840, 
and  practiced  at  Morristown,  New  Jersey;  went  to 
California  in  1849;  in  1852  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  served  two  years;  in  1855  was  elected 
State  Judge  for  the  District  of  San  Francisco,  and 
served  six  years;  in  1865  and  in  1867  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  and  served  six  years;  in  1871  was 
elected  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  California;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Eugene  Casserly,  resigned  in  1874,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures  and  Territories. 

Hagner,  A.  B.;  was  born  at  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  July  13,  1826;  graduated  from 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1845;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1850 
was  Judge- Advocate  of  a  Naval  Court  of  Inquiry;  in 
1864  was  a  Special  Judge  in  Prince  George's  County, 
Maryland;  in  1876  was  Judge- Advocate  of  a  General 
Court-Martial  held  at  San  Francisco,  California;  in 
1854  was  a  Representative  in  the  Maryland  Legisla 
ture;  in  1857  and  1874  was  an  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  Congress;  in  1861  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
in  1879  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Hagner,  Peter ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Oc 
tober  1,  1772;  was  the  son  of  Valentine  Hagner,  who 
served  with  credit  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  was  for 
a  time  clerk  in  a  counting-house;  in  1792  received, 
from  President  Washington,  the  appointment  of 
Accountant  of  War;  removed  to  Washington  City  with 
the  Government;  in  1817  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Monroe,  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment;  continued  in  the  public  service  for  fifty-seven 
years,  under  every  President  from  Washington  to 
Taylor,  and  was  frequently  complimented  on  the 
floor  of  Congress  for  his  official  faithfulness;  was 
twice  honored  by  direct  votes  in  the  two  Houses  of 
Congress;  resigned  his  office  in  October,  1849.  Died 
in  Washington  City  in  July,  1850.  He  was  frequent 
ly  called  upon  to  settle  important  claims  for  the  Gov 
ernment  outside  of  his  regular  duties,  because  of  his 
exceptional  efficiency;  was  also  connected  with  the 
city  Government  of  Washington. 

Haygood,  Johnson ;  was  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1880  to  1882. 

Hahn,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

Hahn,  Michael ;  was  born  on  the  Rhine,  in  Ba 
varia,  November  24,  1830;  when  ten  years  of  age 
came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Louisiana; 
attended  the  common  schools  of  New  Orleans  and 
graduated  from  the  High  School;  supported  himself, 
while  studying  law,  by  attending  to  the  care  of  real 
estate;  in  addition  to  his  reading  he  attended  the 
Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Louisiana  and 
was  graduated  therefrom,  in  1851,  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B. ;  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  New 
Orleans;  when  but  twenty-two  years  of  age  was 


208 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


elected  a  School  Director;  served  several  terms  in 
this  capacity,  being,  at  one  time,  President  of  the 
Board;  was  a  Union  man  throughout  the  secession 
troubles,  and  opposed  secession  with  vigor;  in  1862 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  serving  but 
a  short  time;  was  Prize  Commissioner  in  New  Or 
leans  in  1863;  in  January,  1864,  became  the  owner 
and  editor  of  the  Daily  True  Ddta  newspaper,  at  New 
Orleans,  and  advocated  the  abolition  of  slavery 
through  its  columns;  in  1864  was  elected  Governor 
of  Louisiana  for  four  years;  in  1865  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator  and  resigned  the  office  of  Gov 
ernor,  but  never  took  his  seat  in  the  Senate;  started 
the  New  Orleans  Republican  in  1867,  and  was  its 
editor  until  1871 ;  removed  to  his  plantation  in  that 
year,  and  was  made  a  School  Director  of  St.  Charles 
Parish;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1874  and 
1876,  serving  a  short  time  as  Speaker;  in  1878  was 
unanimously  elected  a  Police  Juror  for  his  parish; 
was  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Mint  at  New 
Orleans  for  a  short  time;  in  1879  was  elected  District 
Judge,  and  in  1884  was  re-elected  for  four  years;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress,  and  resigned  the  Judge- 
ship.  Died  at  Washington  City,  March  15,  1886. 

Haight,  Charles;  was  born  at  Colt's  Neck, 
Monmouth  County,  New  Jersey,  January  4,  1838; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1857;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1862  as  an  attorney,  and  in 
1864  as  a  counselor;  was  elected  to  the  New  Jersey 
Legislature  in  1861  and  1862,  and  was  chosen  Speaker 
in  the  latter  year;  was  a  Delegate  to  State  Conven 
tions  in  1864  and  1865;  was  commissioned  a  Briga 
dier-General  of  Militia  in  1861,  and  rendered  effective 
service  in  raising  troops  for  the  war;  in  1866  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-tirst  Congress. 

Haight,  Ed-ward ;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
March  26,  1817;  was  educated  at  a  private  school; 
entered  a  counting  house,  and  turned  his  whole  at 
tention  to  mercantile  pursuits:  became  a  Director  in 
the  National  Bank  of  New  York;  subsequently  Vice- 
President  of  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  and 
finally  its  President;  besides  acting  as  a  director  in 
six  or  seven  banks  and  insurance  companies,  he  fre 
quently  served  as  an  officer  in  various  benevolent 
institutions;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Haight,  Fletcher  M.;  was  an  emigrant  to  Cali 
fornia;  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  that 
District. 

Haight,  Henry  Huntly  ;  was  born  in  Roch 
ester,  New  York,  May  20,  1825;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1844;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  October,  1846; 
settled  to  practice  in  San  Francisco  in  1850;  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  of  California, 
by  President  Lincoln;  was  elected  Governor  of  Cali 
fornia  in  1867,  serving  until  1871. 

Haile  William  ;  was  born  in  1897;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  from  Mississippi,  from  1826  to  1828. 
Died  at  Woodville,  Mississippi,  March  7,  1837. 

Hailey,  John ;  was  born  in  Smith  County,  Ten 
nessee.  August  29,  1835;  received  a  common  school 
education;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1848;  went  to 
Oregon  in  1853;  settled  in  Idaho  in  1863;  was  elected 
Delegate  from  Idaho  to  the  Forty-third  Congress;  in 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun 


cil  of  Idaho,  and  was  President  of  the  Council;  in 
1884  was  elected  Delegate  from  Idaho  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Haines,  Daniel;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey; 
was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1843,  serving 
one  year;  in  1848  was  again  elected,  and  continued 
in  office  until  1851. 

Haines,  Townsend ;  was  appointed  Register  of 
the  United  States  Treasury  in  1850,  but  only  held 
the  position  until  1851. 

Haldeman,  Jacob  S.;  was  a  citizen  of  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1861  was  appointed  Minister  Resident 
to  Sweden  and  Norway,  where  he  remained  until 
1864. 

Haldeman,  Richard  J.;  was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  May  19,  1831;  studied  at  Part 
ridge's  Military  School;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1851 ;  the  same  year  visited  Europe,  and  studied 
a  short  time  in  the  universities  of  Berlin  and  Heidel 
berg;  in  1853  went,  as  Attache  of  Legation,  to  Paris, 
and  also  to  St.  Petersburg;  traveled  throughout 
Scandinavia,  Central  and  Southern  Europe,  and  the 
Far  East;  in  1857  purchased  the  Daily  and  Weekly 
Patriot  and  Union,  in  Harrisburg,  and  edited  it  until 
1860;  in  1860  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  and 
Baltimore  Conventions;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-lirst 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Census,  Land 
Claims,  and  Agriculture. 

Halderman,  John  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Missouri; 
in  July,  1882,  was  appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Siam. 

Hale,  Artemas ;  was  born  in  Winchendon, 
Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  October  20,  1783; 
pursued  the  occupation  of  a  farmer  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age;  received  a  common  school  education; 
was  a  teacher  in  Hiugham  for  ten  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Bridgewater,  where  he  engaged  in  man 
ufacturing;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature 
for  several  years,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1833  and 
1834;  in  1853  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1845  to  1849;  in  1864  was  a 
Presidential  Elector. 

Hale,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  June  7,  1831;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1850;  in  1852  established  and  edited  To-day,  a 
literary  journal;  was  subsequently  editor  of  the 
Boston  Daily  Advertiser;  was  United  States  Consul  to 
Egypt  from  1864  to  1870;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of 
State  from  1872  to  1874;  contributed  to  the  Xorth 
American  Rcuieic  and  the  American  Almanac. 

Hale,  Eugene ;  was  born  in  Turner,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  June  9,  1836;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1857;  during  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney  for  Hancock  County,  and  was  three 
times  re-appointed;  in  1866  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  serving  two  years;  in  1868  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty-lirst  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  A  Hairs  and  the 
State  Department;  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Appropria 
tions;  in  1874  was  tendered  the  office  of  Postmaster- 
General,  by  President  Grant,  but  declined;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions  of 
1868,  1876,  and  1880;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
rifth  Congress;  was  tendered  a  Cabinet  appointment 
by  President  Hayes,  but  declined  it;  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator  from  Maine  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1881. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


209 


Hale,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Bradford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  October,  1810;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
Ihe  bar  in  1832;  in  1851  was  appointed  President 
Judge  of  the  Twentieth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Claims  and  on  Roads  and  Canals;  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims.  Died  at  Bellefonte,  Penn 
sylvania,  April  7,  1865. 

Hale,  John  Blackwell;  was  born  in  Brooks 
(now  Hancock)  County,  West  Virginia,  February  27, 
1831;  was  educated  at  a  common  country  school; 
studied  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Carrollton,  Missouri;  was 
'a  Representative  in  the  Missouri  Legislature  from 
1856  to  1858;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  Missouri 
'in  1860;  was  Colonel  of  the  Sixty-fifth  Regiment  Mis 
souri  Militia,  and  of  the  Fourth  Provisional  Regiment 
lot'  Missouri  Militia  in  the  United  States  service 
i during  the  Civil  War;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Conventions  of  1864  and  1868;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1872;  was  a  member  of  the 
(Missouri  Constitutional  Convention  of  1875;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hale,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Rochester,  Strafford 
County,  New  Hampshire,  March  31,  1806;  after  pre 
paring  himself  at  Exeter  Academy,  entered  Bowdoin 
College,  and  graduated  in  1827;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  in  1832  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1834  Avas  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  District  Attorney  for  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  re-appointed  by  President  Van  Buren;  in 
1843  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress;  in 
1846  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
chosen  Speaker;  in  1847  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  and  after  serving  until  1853,  devoted  him 
self  for  two  years  to  his  profession;  was  again  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1855;  and  in  1859  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1865,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and 
member  of  that  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  in 
1852  was  the  Free-Soil  candidate  for  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States;  soon  after  leaving  the  Senate, 
March  10,  1865,  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  Minister  to  Spain.  '  Died  at  Dover,  November 
18,  1873. 

Hale,  Robert  S.;  was  born  in  Chelsea,  Orange 
County,  Vermont,  September  24,  1822;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  1842;  studied  law,  and 
after  coming  to  the  bar  settled  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Elizabethtown,  Essex  County,  New 
York;  was  Judge  of  Essex  County  from  1856  to  1864; 
in  1859  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the  University  of 
New  York;  in  1860  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thir 
ty-ninth  Congress,  in  the  place  of  Orlando  Kellogg, 
deceased,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Militia, 
Manufactures,  and  Retrenchment;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "National  Union  Convention  "  at  Philadelphia, 
in  1866;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress;  was, 
for  several  years,  engaged  by  the  United  States  as 
Special  Counsel  under  the  Treaty  of  Washington. 

Hale,  Salma  ;  was  born  at  Alstead,  New  Hamp 
shire,  March  7,  1787;  was  a  printer  at  Walpole,  New 
Hampshire;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  edited,  in  that 
place,  the  Political  Observatory;  subsequently  studied 
law;  from  1812  to  1834,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 

14 


years,  was  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Cheshire; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1817  to  1819; 
afterwards  practiced  at  the  bar;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  from  1823  to  1825;  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent; 
in  1825  published  "History  of  the  United  States," 
for  schools;  in  1826,  "  Annals  of  Keene  ";  "History 
of  the  United  States,"  London,  1826,  and  other  lit 
erary  works.  Died  at  Keene,  November  18,  1806. 

Hale,  William  ;  was  one  of  the  most  influential 
men  in  New  Hampshire;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  1809  to  1811,  and  again  from  1813  to  1817. 
Died  at  Dover,  November  8,  1848,  aged  eighty-four 
years. 

Hale,  "William ;  was  born  in  Iowa,  November 
18,  1839;  received  a  good  education;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  in 
1858;  in  that  year  settled  at  Glenwood,  Iowa,  in  the 
practice  of  law ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1863,  and  re-elected  in  1864, 
1865,  and  1866;  during  the  latter  year  was  elected 
Speaker  pro  tern,  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
acted  as  Speaker  the  greater  part  of  the  session ;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Republican  Central  Committee  of  the  Eighth  and 
Ninth  Congressional  Districts  for  a  number  of  years; 
in  August,  1883,  was  appointed,  by  the  President, 
Governor  of  Wyoming  Territory. 

Haley,  Elisha  ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Hall,  Allen  A.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
practiced  law  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  and  was,  for 
thirty  years,  connected  with  the  leading  papers  there; 
was  Charge  d'  Affaires  to  Venezuela  from  1841  to  1845; 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury  in 
1849  and  1850;  edited  the  Republic  at  Washington ; 
afterward  edited  the  Daily  News  from  1857  to  1859, 
at  Nashville;  was  Minister  to  Bolivia  from  1863  to 
1867.  Died  at  Cochabamba,  Bolivia,  May  18,  1867. 

Hall,  Augustus;  was  born  in  Batavia,  New 
York,  April  29,  1814;  educated  at  Middlebury  Acad 
emy  in  that  State;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1836;  removed  to  Marysville,  Ohio,  in 
1837;  was  County  Attorney  from  1840  to  1842;  re 
moved  to  Kessauque,  Iowa,  in  1844;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1852;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress  from  Iowa;  was  admitted  to 
practice  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  in  1857;  the  same  year  was  Chief  Justice  of 
Nebraska.  Died  near  Bellevue,  Nebraska,  February 
1,  1861. 

Hall,  Benjamin  P.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
appointed,  from  that  State,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Colorado,  residing 
at  Denver  City. 

Hall,  Benton  J.;  was  born  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Knox  County,  Ohio,  January  13,  1835;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Iowa  in  December,  1839;  was 
educated  at  Knox  College,  Illinois,  and  at  Miami 
University,  Ohio,  at  which  latter  institution  he  was 
graduated  in  June,  1855;  studied  law  in  the  office  of 
his  father,  Hon.  J.  C.  Hall,  at  Burlington,  Iowa; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Burlington ;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Iowa  in  1872 
and  1873;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  Iowa  for  a  term  of  four  years,  from 
January,  1882;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


no 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Hall,  Boiling;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1811  to  1817.  Died  near  Montgomery 
'Alabama,  March  25,  1836,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

Hall,  Chapin ;  was  born  in  Ellicott,  Chautauqu 
County,  New  York,  July  12,  1816;  received  a  gooc 
English  education;  devoted  himself  to  mercantil 
pursuits  in  connection  with  lumbering;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  ths  Thirty 
sijcth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  tl  e  Co  limit 
tee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Hall,  David;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  from 
1802  to  1805. 

Hall,  Dominick  Augustine ;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1765;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina;  was  District  Judge  o 
Orleans  Territory  from  1809  until  1812,  when  it  be 
came  the  State  of  Louisiana;  was  then  appointee 
United  States  Judge  of  the  State,  in  which  position 
he  continued  during  his  life;  owing  to  the  military 
operations  against  New  Orleans,  his  court  was  ordered 
to  be  adjourned  for  two  months  from  December  15, 
1814;  in  March,  1815,  while  the  city  was  under  Mar 
tial  Law,  Judge  Hall  was  arrested  by  General  Jack 
son  for  having  granted  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  to  a 
person  arrested  by  his  authority;  was  released  March 
14,  and  immediately  summoned  General  Jackson  to 
answer  for  a  Contempt  of  Court,  resulting  in  a  judg 
ment  against  him,  and  a  fine  of  one  thousand  dollars, 
which  he  paid;  it  was,  however,  refunded  to  him, 
with  interest,  in  1844,  by  an  Act  of  Congress.  Died 
in  New  Orleans,  December  19,  1820. 

Hall,  George;  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York  in  1816,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  1821. 

Hall,  Henry  O.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York;  was 
for  many  years  in  the  Consular  Service  in  Cuba, 
serving  as  Consul  at  Matanzas,  Vice  Consul-General 
at  Havana,  and,  from  1873  to  1882,  as  Consul-General 
of  the  United  States  at  Havana;  in  1882  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  to  the  Central  American 
States ;  served  until  188  6. 

Hall,  Hiland;  was  born  in  Bennington,  Vermont, 
July  20,  1795;  passed  his  boyhood  on  his  father's 
farm,  receiving  a  good  English  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  in  1827 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  afterwards, 
for  several  years,  was  State's  Attorney;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  1833  to 
1843,  officiating  for  several  sessions  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  was  Bank 
Commissioner  for  Vermont  from  1843  to  1846;  four 
years  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1850  Second 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  and  in  1851  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  Land  Commissioner 
for  California,  where  he  remained  until  1854;  subse 
quently  resided  on  the  farm  where  he  was  born,  and 
was  elected  Governor  of  Vermont  in  1858;  in  1859  re 
ceived  from  the  University  of  Vermont  the  degree  of 
LL.D. ;  served  as  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Congress" 
of  1861.  Died  December  18,  1885. 

Hall,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland  to 
the  Constitutional  Convention  from  1775  to  1786,  and 
fiom  1783  to  1784. 

Hall,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Frederica,  Delaware, 
January  1,  1817;  received  a  good  education;  was  left 
an  orphan  at  an  early  age;  the  failure  of  his  guardian 
threw  him  upon  his  own  resources  at  the  age  of  six 


teen,  and  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  house; 
invested  his  savings  in  outside  business,  which  pros 
pered,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty -one  commenced  busi 
ness  for  himself;  engaged  in  a  variety  of  pursuits,  in 
all  of  which  he  succeeded;  finally  confined  himself  to 
farming  and  ship-building;  was  State  Director  in  the 
Farmer's  Bank  from  1861  to  1878;  Stock  Director 
from  1867  to  1871;  was  a  State  Senator;  was  a  Dele-, 
gate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1876; 
was  Governor  of  Delaware  from  1879  to  1883. 

Hall,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Essex  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  June  26,  1793;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion  at  Andover  Academy;  went  to  Maine,  and  was  a 
clerk  in  a  store  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age; 
served  as  Lieutenant  of  Militia  in  18i3  and  1814; 
from  1817  until  1819  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits;  was  Sheriff  of  two  counties  for  twelve  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from 
1833  to  1837;  was  the  first  Northern  man  who  voted 
against  receiving  slavery  petitions;  before  entering 
Congress  was  for  four  years  Postmaster  of  Camden, 
Maine;  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk,  Navy 
Agent  of  Boston  in  1849. 

Hall,  Joshua  G-. ;  was  born  at  Wakefield,  New 
Hampshire,  November  5,  1828;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1851;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1855;  was  Solicitor  of  Stratford  County 
from  1862  to  1874;  was  Mayor  of  Dover,  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1866  and  1867;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1871 
and  1872,  and  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  in  1874;  was  United  States  District  At 
torney  from  1874  to  1879;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  Hampshire  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Hall,  Lawrence  W.;  was  born  in  Lake  County, 
Ohio,  in  1819;  was  educated  in  that  State;  graduated 
at  Hudson  in  1839;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843; 
practiced  his  profession  until  1851,  when  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  which 
position  he  held  until  1856;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Agricul 
ture  and  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds;  during 
the  troubles  of  1862  was  imprisoned  for  alleged  dis 
loyalty.  Died  soon  after  his  release,  in  Ohio,  Janu 
ary  26,  1863. 

Hall,  Lyman;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1725; 
jraduated  at  Yale  College  in  1747;  studied  medicine, 
and  established  himself  in  Sunbury,  Georgia;  early 
spoused  the  American  cause;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1779,  and  signed 
;he  Declaration  of  Independence;  his  property  was 
confiscated  by  the  British;  in  1783  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Georgia.     Died  in  that  State  in  1791. 

Hall,  Nathan  K.;  was  born  March  28,  1810,  at 
Marcellus,  Onondaga  County,  New  York;  read  law 
n  the  office  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Pres;dent)  Fillmore, 
ind  became  his  partner  in  the  practice  of  their  pro 
fession  at  Buffalo,  Erie  County,  New  York,  in  1832; 
leld  different  administrative  and  j  udicial  offices  in 
lis  native  State;  served  as  a  member  of  the  State 
legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
847  to  1849;  on  Mr.  Fillmore's  accession  to  the 
'residency,  in  July,  1850,  was  appointed  to  the 
ffice  of  Postmaster-General;  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for 
iVestern  New  York.  Died  in  Buffalo,  March  2,  1874. 

Hall,  Obed ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
om  New  Hampshire  from  1811  to  1813. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


211 


Hall,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  January  28,  1812;  was  educated  for  the  minis 
try;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in 
1855;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress  in  that  year,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  in  1857,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Hall,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Edgecombe 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1773;  was  educated  for 
the  medical  profession ;  was  a  Representati  ve  in  Con 
gress  from  1817  to  1825,  and  again  from  1827  to  1835; 
in  1836  served  as  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and 
voted  against  the  acceptance  of  any  of  the  surplus 
revenue  of  the  United  States  Treasury  by  the  State 
of  North  Carolina.  Died  in  Tarborough,  June  30, 
1853. 

Hall,  Willard;  was  born  in  Westford,  Massa 
chusetts,  December  24,  1780;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1799;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1803;-  removed  to  Delaware  and  practiced 
his  profession  there;  in  1811  was  elected  Secretary  of 
State  in  Delaware,  and  held  that  office  three  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1816, 
and  re-elected  in  1818;  was  again  Secretary  of  State 
in  1821;  in  1822  was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  in 
1823  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  District 
Judge  of  the  United  States  for  Delaware;  in  1829 
revised  the  State  Laws  of  Delaware;  in  1831  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  was 
also  a  man  of  influence  in  the  religious  world;  was  a 
Sunday-school  teacher  for  forty^  years;  the  father  of 
the  public  school  system  of  th'e  State,  and  was  an 
earnest  advocate  of  the  idea  that  lawyers  ought  al 
ways  to  be  religious  men.  Died  in  Wilmington,  in 
May,  1875. 

Hall,  Willard  Preble ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1825;  received  a  good  education;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  removed  to  Missouri,  where 
he  became  eminent  in  his  profession;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirtieth,  Thirty-first 
and  Thirty-second  Congresses;  was  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  of  Missouri  from  1861  to  1865,  and  was  Acting 
Governor  for  a  portion  of  the  time.  Died  at  St.  Jo 
seph,  Missouri,  November  1,  1882. 

Hall,  William;  was  born  in  1774;  was  a  Gen 
eral  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1831  to  1833.  Died  in  Surnner 
County,  Tennessee,  in  October,  1856. 

Hall,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was 
taken  to  Virginia  in  early  childhood;  emigrated  to 
Missouri  in  1841;  in  1844  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
in  1847  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court; 
was  a  member  of  the  "Missouri  Convention"  of 
18(51;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  in  place  of  J.  B.  Clark, 
expelled;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Roads  and  Ca 
nals,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Conven 
tion  ' '  of  1864,  and  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  National 
Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Hallett,  Moses ;  was  born  in  Illinois;  received 
a  good  education;  studied  law  and  engaged  in  prac 
tice;  removed  to  Colorado;  in  1874  was  appointed 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
Territory  of  Colorado;  in  1877  was  appointed  United 
States  District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Colorado. 

Hallock,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 


York  State  from  Orange  County,  in  1816  and  1817, 
and  from  1820  to  1821 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1825  to  1829. 

Halloway,  Ransom ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  Eighth  Congressional  District  of 
New  York,  from  1849  to  1851.  Died  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  Prince  George  County,  Maryland,  April  6, 
1851. 

Hallyburton,  James  D.;  was  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  about  the  year  1844  was  appointed 
United  States  Judge  for  the  Eastern  District  of 
Virginia. 

Halsell,  John  E.;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
Kentucky,  September  11,  1826;  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools,  and  attended  Cumberland  Univers 
ity,  Tennessee,  from  1845  to  1849;  engaged  in  agri 
cultural  pursuits  until  1857,  then  settled  at  Bowling 
Green,  Kentucky,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1869  was 
elected  Circuit  Judge ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Halsey,  George  A.;  was  born  in  Springfield, 
Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  December  7,  1827;  in  1844 
settled  in  Newark  and  engaged  in  the  manufacturing 
business;  in  1861  and  1862  was  elected  to  the  State 
Assembly;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  Assessor 
of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fifth  District  of  New 
Jersey,  which  office  he  held  until  1866;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Retrenchment 
and  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1864  was  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  at  Newark,  New  Jersey;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress. 

Halsey,  Jehiel  H.;  was  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Twenty-first  Congress;  was  a  State 
Senator  from  1832  to  1835. 

Halsey,  Nicoll ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  from  Tompkins  County  in  1 824 ;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to 
1835. 

Halsey,  Silas;  was  a  resident  of  New  York;  was 
'a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  for  several 
years;  was  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Ninth  Congress;  was  a  State  Senator  for  one  year. 

Halsted,  William ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1812;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1837  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843;  was  a  candidate 
for  election  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  but, 
although  he  came  with  a  certificate  under  the  seal  of 
his  State,  was  not  admitted. 

Ham,  John;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  was  Charge 
dj Affaires  to  Chili  from  1830  to  1833. 

Hambleton,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Talbot  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  in  1812;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1833;  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  in  1834,  1835,  and 
1853;  to  the  State  Senate  from  1844  to  1850;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1844 ;  President  of  the  Chesa 
peake  and  Ohio  Canal  in  1853  and  1854;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Build 
ings  and  Territories;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Hamer,  Thomas  L. ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
removed  to  Ohio  when  quite  young;  taught  school; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1821;  served  sev- 


212 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


eral  sessions  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  once 
elected  Speaker;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Ohio  from  1833  to  1839;  entered  the  army  as  a 
private,  and  was  promoted  at  once  to  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-General;  it  has  been  said  to  his  credit  that 
he  was  the  Representative  who  nominated  General 
U.  S.  Grant,  as  a  Cadet  to  West  Point.  Died  at 
Monterey,  Mexico,  while  serving  in  the  army,  De 
cember  3,  1846. 

Hamill,  Patrick ;  was  born  in  Alleghany  Coun 
ty,,  Maryland,  April  28,  1817;  received  a  private  and 
common  school  education;  settled  in  Cumberland; 
was  bred  to  the  trade  of  a  carpenter,  but  never 
worked  as  such;  in  1841  was  appointed  Tax  Collector 
for  his  County,  and  held  the  office  two  years;  devoted 
some  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Assembly  in  1843  and  1844;  was  seven 
years  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court  of  Allegheny 
County;  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  stock- 
raising  on  his  farm  known  as  "Cranberry  Glade"; 
in  1867  was  again  elected  Judge  of  Probate;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public 
Expenditures  and  the  Navy  Department. 

Hamilton,  A.  H.;  received  a  common  school  ed 
ucation;  studied  law,  and  devoted  himself  to  that 
profession  and  politics;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Hamilton,  Alexander  ;  was  born  in  the  island 
of  St.  Croix,  of  American  parents,  in  1757;  when 
sixteen  years  of  age  came  to  New  York,  and  spent 
three  years  in  King's  College;  two  years  afterwards 
entered  the  army  as  an  officer  of  artillery  and  be 
came  an  Aid-de-camp  to  Washington,  with  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  acquitted  himself  with  credit 
at  the  siege  of  Yorktown ;  after  the  war  quitted  the 
army  and  turned  his  attention  to  the  law  in  New" 
York ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in 
1782  and  1783,  and  in  1787  and  1788;  in  1786  was 
elected  to  the  State  Assembly;  was  elected  to  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Federal  Constitution; 
by  his  writings,  signed  Publius,  did  much  to  secure  its 
adoption,  but  was  the  only  member  from  New  York 
who  signed  that  instrument;  in  1789  was  appointed, 
by  President  Washington,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  1795,  when  he  re 
signed;  in  1798  was  associated  with  Washington  in 
command  of  the  army;  in  1804  had  a  difficulty  with 
Aaron  Burr,  which  resulted  in  a  duel,  which  took 
place  at  Hoboken,  when  he  received  a  fatal  shot,  and 
died  on  the  following  day,  July  12,  1804;  he  was  the 
author  of  a  great  variety  of  able  essays  on  politics 
and  finance,  and  especially  of  the  largest  number  of 
chapters  published  in  the  Federalist;  his  collected 
writings  were  published  in  an  edition  of  seven  vol 
umes  in  1850. 

Hamilton,  Andrew  J.;  was  born  in  Madison 
County,  Alabama,  January  28,  1815;  received  a  good 
common  school  education;  passed  his  earlier  years 
on  his  father's  farm;  for  some  years  held  the  position 
of  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  did  business  as  a 
merchant;  subsequently  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  in  1846  removed  to  Texas,  and 
devoted  himself  to  his  profession ;  in  that  State  held 
the  office  of  Attorney-General ;  served  frequently  in 
the  Legislature;  in  1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Select  Committee  of  Thirty -three ;  in  1862  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Military  Governor  of 
Texas,  and  in  1865,  by  President  Johnson,  Provis 


ional  Governor  of  the  same  State;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1H66, 
and  to  the  "Soldiers'  Convention,"  held  at  Pitts- 
burg;  was  also  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State;  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention;  was  a  brother  of  Morgan  C.  Hamilton.  Died 
at  Austin,  Texas,  April  11,  1875. 

Hamilton,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Clinton 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  November,  1840;  in  1801 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private,  participated  in 
sixteen  battles,  and  was  wounded  three  times — at 
Games'  Mill,  Antietam,  and  Fredericksburg;  was 
for  a  time  confined  in  Libby  Prison;  in  October,  1863, 
was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Veteran  Reserve 
Corps;  was  appointed  a  Judge  Advocate,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  1865;  was  subsequently  a 
Commissioner  of  Refugees  in  Florida;  on  being  mus 
tered  out  of  service,  early  in  1868,  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  practice  of  law;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Florida  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Educa 
tion  and  Labor. 

Hamilton,  Cornelius  S.;  was  born  in  Muskin- 
gum  County,  Ohio,  January  2,  1821;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  studied  law,  but  in  addition 
to  practicing  that  profession  paid  some  attention  to 
farming  and  banking,  and  edited  a  newspaper;  in 
1850  was  elected  to  the  "State  Constitutional  Con 
vention";  in  1856  to  the  Senate  of  the  State;  was 
subsequently  appointed  an  Assessor  of  Internal  Rev 
enue;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Private  Land  Claims  and  Invalid-  Pensions; 
he  was  called  from  his  duties  in  Washington  to  at 
tend  upon  a  son,  who  had  suddenly  become  insane, 
and  by  that  son,  in  an  unguarded  moment,  was 
killed,  at  Marysville,  Ohio,  December  21,  1867. 

Hamilton,  James ;  was  born  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  1789;  was  liberally  educated,  and 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession;  in  1812  served  with 
distinction  on  the  Canadian  frontier;  was  for  several 
years  Mayor  of  Charleston ;  in  1823  was  elected  to 
•the  State  Legislature ;  from  that  position  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  National  House  of  Representatives, 
where  he  remained  until  1829;  was  subsequently 
chosen  Governor  of  South  Carolina;  becoming  inter 
ested  in  the  Republic  of  Texas,  helped  to  promote 
her  independence,  and  went  to  Europe  as  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  from  that  Republic;  did  much  to 
promote  the  interests  of  his  native  city  and  State; 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Southern  Quarterly  Re 
view,  and  also  of  the  Bank  of  Charleston;  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  a  Senator  elect  in  Congress  from 
Texas;  was  drowned  on  his  passage  to  Texas,  No 
vember  15,  1857,  by  a  collision  between  the  steamers 
Galvcston  and  Opelousas,  being  a  passenger  on  board 
the  latter  steamer. 

Hamilton,  John;  was  at  one  time  High  Sheriff 
of  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Repre- 
entative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1805  to 
1807.  Died  at  his  home,  August  31,  1837. 

Hamilton,  John  Marshall;  was  born  near 
Richwood,  Ohio,  May  28,  1847;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Marshall  County,  Illinois,  in  1854;  was 
reared  on  a  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  having 
no  advantages  of  education  except  those  afforded  by 
the  country  schools  during  the  winter  months,  but 
studied  diligently  at  home;  attended  an  academy  at 
Henry,  Illinois,  two  terms;  entered  the  Union  Army 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


213 


in  1864,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  in 
1865  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  and  in 
1868  graduated  with  the  degree  of  B.A. ;  was  princi 
pal  of  the  academy  at  Henry,  Illinois,  in  1868  and 
1869;  in  the  latter  year  became  a  Professor  of  Latin 
at  the  Illixiois  Wesleyan  University;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  at  Bloomington, 
Illinois,  and  at  once  entered  upon  a  very  successful 
practice  there;  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University ;  was  elected  a  State  Sen 
ator  in  1876;  was  made  President  pro  tern,  of  the 
Senate  in  January,  1879;  was  elected  Lieuteuant- 
Goveruor  in  1880;  by  the  election  of  Governor  Cullom 
to  the  United  States  Senate  in  January,  1883,  be 
came  Governor  of  Illinois  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
two  years. 

Hamilton,  Morgan  C.;  was  born  near  the  town 
of  Huntsville,  in  the  State  of  Alabama,  February  25, 
1809;  received  a  country  school  education;  was 
brought  up  to  mercantile  pursuits;  removed  to  the 
republic  of  Texas  in  1837;  was  a  clerk  in  the  War 
Department  from  1838  until  1845,  acting  as  Secretary 
of  War  a  portion  of  the  time;  was  appointed  Comp 
troller  of  the  Treasury  of  the  State  in  1867;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention 
in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  on 
the  reconstruction  of  Texas,  and  took  his  seat  in  1870; 
was  also  elected  for  the  term  commencing  in  1871  and 
ending  in  1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pen 
sions  and  Railroads. 

Hamilton,  Paul ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution;  in  1799  was  ap 
pointed  Comptroller  of  South  Carolina,  which  office 
he  held  over  live  years;  in  1804  was  elected  Governor 
of  the  State;  in  1809  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  and  held  the  office  until  1812,  when  he  re 
signed.  Died  at  Beaufort,  June  30,  1816. 

Hamilton,  Robert;  was  born  in  Hamburg,  Sus 
sex  County,  New  Jersey,  December  5,  1816;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1836,  and  as  a  counselor  in  1840; 
was  Prosecutor  of  Pleas  fifteen  years ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1863  and  1864,  serving  the 
last  year  as  Speaker ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Hamilton,  "William  T.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Maryland,  September  8,  1820;  educated 
at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1846;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland 
from  1849  to  1855;  in  1861  declined  the  nomination 
for  Governor  of  Maryland;  was  United  States  Senator 
from  Maryland  from  1869  to  1875;  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Maryland  for  the  term  of  four  years  from 
1880. 

Hamlin,  Edward  S.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1844  to  1845. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal ;  was  born  in  Paris,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  August  27,  1809;  prepared  himself 
for  a  collegiate  education,  but,  owing  to  his  father's 
death,  was  obliged  to  take  charge  of  his  farm,  where 
he  remained  until  he  was  of  age;  then  spent  a  year 
in  a  printing  office  as  a  compositor;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833,  and  continued  in 
active  practice  until  1848;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  from  1836  to  1840;  Speaker  of  the 
House  in  1837,  1839,  and  1840;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Twenty-eighth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress;  was  again  a 


member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1847;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  May  26,  1848,  for  four  years,  to  fill  a  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  decease  of  John  Fairfield;  was  re- 
elected  for  six  years  in  1851 ;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Maine,  January  7,  1857,  resigning  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  and  being  inaugurated  Governor  the  same 
day;  on  the  16th  of  the  same  month  was  re-elected 
United  States  Senator  for  six  years,  and  resigned  the 
office  of  Governor,  February  20,  1857;  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  on  the 
District  of  Columbia;  in  1860  was  nominated  by  the 
Republican  party  as  their  candidate  for  the  office  of 
Vice- President,  and  was  elected;  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Collector  of  Customs 
for  the  port  of  Boston;  in  1869  took  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  for  the  fourth  term,  serving  on  various  im 
portant  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on 
Mines  and  Mining;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1881;  in  June  of  that  year  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain;  resigned  in  1882 
and  returned  home. 

Hammet,  "William  J.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
studied  divinity;  was  Chaplain  of  the  University  of 
Virginia,  when  he  finished  his  education ;  was  at  one 
time  Chaplain  of  Congress;  was  a  Representative  La 
Congress  from  Mississippi,  from  1843  to  1845. 

Hammond,  Abram  A.;  was  born  in  Brattle- 
boro,  Vermont,  in  March,  1814;  went  to  Indiana  when 
a  youth;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1835; 
after  residing  in  various  places,  in  1850  was  made  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Indianapolis; 
emigrated  to  California  in  1852,  but  returned  to  In 
diana  in  1854,  locating  at  Terra  Haute;  in  1860  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State,  serving  until  1861; 
having  gone  to  Colorado  for  his  health,  died  in  Den 
ver,  August  27,  1874. 

Hammond,  Edward ;  was  born  in  Maryland ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Hammond,  Eli  Shelby ;  was  born  at  Brandon, 
Mississippi,  April  21,  1838;  passed  his  infancy  in 
Alabama,  and  his  childhood  at  Galveston,  Texas; 
settled  in  Shelby  County,  Tennessee,  in  1850;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  University,  Tennessee,  in  1857,  and  at. 
the  Lebanon  Law  School  in  1858;  in  the  latter  year 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced  practice  at 
Ripley,  Mississippi;  in  1859  removed  to  Memphis, 
Tennessee;  served  in  the  Con  federate  Army  from  1861 
to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Regimental  Adjutant; 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Ripley,  Mississippi; 
in  1868  again  removed  to  Memphis,  Tennessee;  in 
1878  was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for 
the  Western  District  of  Tennessee. 

Hammond,  Jabez  D.;  was  a  lawyer  and  popu 
lar  political  writer  of  New  York;  did  not  receive  a 
collegiate  education,  but  Union  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  A.  M. ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1815  to  1817,  and, 
on  the  expiration  of  his  term,  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  of  which  he  was  a  member  until  1821 ; 
in  1830  visited  Europe  to  restore  his  health;  was 
elected  County  Judge  in  1838,  and  about  that  time 
commenced  his  "Political  History  of  the  State  of 
New  York";  in  1845  was  elected,  to  succeed  Mr. 
Van  Buren,  as  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  held  the  office  until  his  death;  after  his 
return  from  Europe,  having  withdrawn  in  a  measure 
from  public  and  professioual  life,  devoted  himself  to 
literary  pursuits,  and  published  works  entitled 
"Julius  Melbourn,"  "The  Political  History  of  New 


214 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


York,"  and  the  "  Life  and  Times  of  Silas  Wright." 
Died  August  18,  1855,  in  Cherry  Valley,  New  York, 
his  place  of  residence. 

Hammond,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Newbury 
District,  South  Carolina,  November  15,  1807;  gradu 
ated  at  the  State  College,  Columbia,  in  1827;  prac 
ticed  law  from  1828  to  1830;  was  editor  of  the  South 
ern  Times;  served  his  native  State  in  Congress  from 
1835  to  1837,  after  which  he  visited  Europe  for  his 
health;  in  1841  was  appointed  a  General  of  Militia; 
in  1842  was  elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina;  after 
spending  about  fifteen  years  in  the  quiet  enjoyment 
of  his  plantation  on  the  Savannah  River,  devoting 
himself  to  agricultural  and  literary  pursuits,  he  was, 
in  November,  1857,  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate  in  place  of  A.  P.  Butler,  but  withdrew  in  Decem 
ber,  1860.  Died  at  his  residence,  November  13,  1864. 

Hammond,  John;  was  born  at  Crown  Point, 
New  York,  August  27,  1827;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  graduated  at  the  Troy  Polytechnic 
Institute,  New  York;  went  to  California  in  1849;  re 
turned  to  New  York  and  became  an  iron  manufac 
turer;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865, 
rising  from  the  ranks  to  Brigadier-General;  was 
elected  President  of  the  Crown  Point  Iron  Company; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Hammond,  Nathaniel  J.;  was  born  in  Elbart 
County,  Georgia,  December  26,  1833;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia  in  1852;  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  1853;  was  Solicitor-General  from 
1861  to  1865;  was  Reporter  of  the  State  Supreme 
Court  from  1867  to  1872;  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  from  1872  to  1877;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Conventions  of  1865  and  1877:  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hammond,  Robert  H.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 

State  from  1837  to  1841.     Died  June  2,  184-7. 

• 

Hammond,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Richmond 
County,  Virginia,  September  21,  1757;  received  as 
good  an  education  as  the  country  afforded  at  the 
time;  when  quite  young  volunteered  in  an  expedition 
against  the  Indians  under  Governor  Dunmore,  and 
acquired  distinction  at  the  battle  of  the  Kanawha; 
when  the  Revolution  broke  out  he  displayed  great 
bravery  and  ability  at  the  battle  of  Long  Bridge;  at 
the  siege  of  Savannah,  where  he  was  made  Assistant 
Quartermaster;  at  the  battle  of  Black  Stocks  had 
three  horses  shot  under  him,  and  was  wounded;  was 
a  member  of  the  "Council  of  Capitulation"  at 
Charleston;  was  at  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain; 
was  also  at  the  siege  of  Augusta;  at  the  battle  of 
Cowpens;  the  battle  of  Eutaw,  where  he  was  again 
badly  wounded;  was  also  in  many  other  battles; 
after  the  war  settled  at  Savannah,  and  held  many 
positions  of  trust  and  honor;  in  1793  headed  a  vol 
unteer  corps,  and  did  good  service  in  the  Creek  coun 
try;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Georgia  Legis 
lature;  was  one  of  the  early  Governors  of  the  State; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1803  to  1805;  was  appointed,  by  President  Jef 
ferson,  Military  and  Civil  Commandant  of  Upper 
Louisiana  and  Receiver  of  Public  Money  in  Missouri; 
was  also  President  of  the  Bank  of  St.  Louis;  in  1824 
returned  to  South  Carolina,  and  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  that  State;  was  appointed  Surveyo:- 


General,  and,  in  1831,  Secretary  of  State;  retired  from 
public  life  in  1835.     Died  September  11,  1842. 

Hammons,  David  ;  was  born  in  Oxford  County, 
Maine,  in  1807;  received  a  limited  education;  studied 
law  and  commenced  the  practice  in  Lovell,  Oxford 
County,  in  1836;  was  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
Maine  in  1840  and  1841;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  1847  to  1849. 

Hammons,  Joseph ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1829  to  1833. 
Died  at  Farmington,  in  that  State,  April,  1836. 

Hampton,  James  G.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1835;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1845 
to  1849. 

Hampton,  Moses  ;  was  born  in  Beaver  County' 
Pennsylvania,  October  28,  1803;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  so  that  his  oppor 
tunities  for  even  a  common  school  education  were 
limited;  he,  however,  by  his  own  exertions,  obtained 
a  classical  education,  and  graduated  at  Washington 
College,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law  at  Uniontown; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829,  and  commenced  to 
practice  in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1838;  then  went  to  Pittsburgh,  and 
practiced  his  profession;  from  1847  to  1851,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
declined  a  re-election;  in  1853  was  elected  President 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  for  Allegheny  County. 

Hampton,  "Wade  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1765;  took  an  active  part  in  the  War  of  the  Revo 
lution;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  17i>5  to  1797,  and  from  1803  to  1805;  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1800;  also  in  1828;  commanded 
a  brigade  in  1812  on  the  northern  frontier;  spent  the 
larger  part  of  his  life  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits,  by  which  he  amassed  a  very  large  fortune, 
having  been  called  the  richest  planter  in  the  United 
States.  Died  at  Columbia.  South  Carolina,  February 
4,  1834. 

Hampton,  "Wade;  was  born  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  March  28,  1818;  graduated  from  the 
South  Carolina  College;  at  different  times  served  in 
both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  being  a  State  Sena 
tor  at  the  time  the  State  seceded;  resigned  from  the 
Senate  and  entered  the  Confederate  Army;  served 
with  conspicuous  gallantry,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
Major-General;  was  elected  Governor  of  South  Caro 
lina  in  1876,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878;  in  Decem 
ber  of  the  latter  year  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March 
4.  1879 ;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term. 

Hanback,  Lewis ;  was  born  at  Winchester,  Illi 
nois,  March  27,  1839;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  served  three  and  a  half  years  in  the  Union 
Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  studied  Jaw, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866;  was  Probate 
Judge  of  Shawnee  County,  Kansas,  for  four  years; 
was  Assistant  United  States  Attorney  for  the  District 
of  Kansas  for  more  than  two  years;  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  Salina,  Kansas; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kansas  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Hanchett,  Luther  ;  was  born  in  Portage  County, 
Ohio,  October  25,  1825;  received  a  good  education  at 
Fremont;  studied  law,  and  commenced  the  practice 
when  twenty -one  years  of  age;  emigrated  to  Wiscon 
sin  in  1849;  was,  for  some  time,  engaged  in  the  lead 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


215 


and  lumbering  business;  was  four  years  District  At 
torney  for  Portage  County  in  his  adopted  State;  from 
1858  to  1860  was  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  Senate; 
in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wiscon 
sin  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  Private 
Land  Claims.  Died  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  Novem- 
26,  1862. 

Hancock,  George  :  served  as  a  Colonel  in  the 
Revolution;  was  greatly  beloved  by  his  associates; 
was  a  Representative  ill  Congress  from  Virginia  from 
1793  to  1797.  Died  at  Fotheringay,  Virginia,  August 
1,  1820,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

Hancock,  John  ;  was  born  near  Quincy,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1737;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1754;  was  bred  to  commercial  pursuits  in  the 
counting-house  of  an  uncle;  visited  Europe  in  1760; 
became  a  successful  merchant;  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  selectman  of  Boston ;  in  1766  went  into  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State,  where  he  became  dis 
tinguished  for  his  ability;  was  among  the  first  to 
repel  the  policy  of  England,  and  the  first  vessel  seized 
by  the  revenue  officers  was  his  property;  in  1774  was 
unanimously  elected  President  of  the  Provincial 
Congress,  and  having  been  elected  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1775,  Avas  chosen  President 
of  that  body,  serving  as  such  two  years  and  a  half, 
and  as  a  Delegate  from  1775  to  1780,  and  from  1785 
to  1786;  was  the  first  man  to  sign  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  his  peculiar  signature  is  univers 
ally  known;  he  also  signed  the  Articles  of  Confeder 
ation  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  form  a 
State  Constitution;  was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  for 
live  years,  after  the  adoption  of  its  Constitution,  and, 
under  the  Federal  Constitution,  from  1789  until  his 
death,  on  October  8,  1793;  he  was  a  bold  and  high- 
toned  patriot,  and  possessed  all  the  personal  quali 
ties  of  a  good  man  and  a  true  gentleman. 

Hancock,  John  ;  was  born  in  Jackson  County, 
Alabama,  October  29,  1824:  was  educated  in  Ala 
bama  and  Tennessee;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1846;  settled  in  Texas  in  1847,  practic 
ing  his  profession  until  1851,  when  he  was  elected  to 
the  District  Bench  of  the  State;  served  as  Judge 
until  1855,  when  he  resigned;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1860  and  1861;  refused  to  take 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Confederate  States,  and 
was  expelled;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1866;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  stock  raising;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations 
and  the  Centennial;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  also  elected  a  Representative 
from  Texas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Hand,  Augustus  C.;  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
Addison,  County,  Vermont,  in  1806;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law;  settled  at  Elizabethtown,  Essex 
County,  New  York;  was  Surrogate  of  that  county 
from  1831  to  1839;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1839  to  1841;  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  from  1845  to  1848;  was  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  from  1848  to  1856,  after  which  he 
was  wholly  devoted  to  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Hand,  Edward;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Continental  Congress,  in  1784  and  1785. 

Handley,  "William  A.;  was  born  near  Franklin, 
Georgia,  December  15,  1834;  removed,  when  young, 
to  Alabama,  where  he  was  educated  at  a  village 
school;  was  a  United  States  mail-carrier  for  two 
years;  a  Post  Office  Clerk;  for  many  years  a  Mail 


Contractor;  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in 
the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  as  a  civil  and 
military  officer,  from  1861  to  1865;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress  as  Representative  from  Ala 
bama,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

Hanks,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Helena,  Arkan 
sas,  February  12,  1833;  received  a  common  school 
education;  was  a  student  at  the  Colleges  of  New  Al 
bany,  Indiana,  and  Columbia,  Tennessee;  studied 
law;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Louisville  in 
1855;  commenced  practice,  and  continued  it  at  Hele 
na  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war;  was  opposed  to 
secession;  was  elected  Judge  of  the  First  District  of 
Arkansas  in  1864,  and  remained  upon  the  bench  until 
1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress  as 
Representative  from  his  native  State,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Insurrectionary  States. 

Hanna,  John  ;  was  born  in  Marion  County,  In 
diana,  September  3,  1827;  graduated  at  Asbury  Uni 
versity,  Indiana,  in  1850;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
was  Mayor  of  Greencastle  from  1851  to  1854;  re 
moved  to  Kansas,  and  was  a  Representative  in  its 
Territorial  Legislature  in  1857  and  1858;  returned  to 
Indiana;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in  1861 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Indiana,  and  was 
re-appointed  in  1865;  was  removed  by  President 
Johnson;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Hanna,  John  A.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1797  to  1805. 

Hanna,  Robert ;  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1816;  a  General  of 
Militia;  was  for  many  years  in  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Indiana,  by  appoint 
ment,  from  1831  to  1832;  took  an  active  part  for 
many  years  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  State;  was 
killed  by  the  cars,  while  walking  on  the  track  of  a 
railroad  at  Indianapolis,  November  19,  1858. 

Hanneg-an,  Edward  A.;  was  born  in  Ohio,  but 
passed  his  boyhood  in  Kentucky;  received  a  good 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  his  twenty-third  year,  settling  in  Indiana;  was 
frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1833  to 
1837;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1849,  offi 
ciating  part  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Roads  and  Canals  and  on  Enrolled  Bills;  on 
his  retirement  from  the  Senate  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Prussia,  and  on  his  return  from  Europe 
took  up  his  residence  in  Missouri.  Died  at  St.  Louis, 
February  25,  1859. 

Hanson,  Alexander  Contee ;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1789  and 
1793;  at  one  time  edited  a  political  newspaper  called 
the  Federal  Republican,  first  at  Baltimore  and  then  at 
Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia;  was  a  bitter  op 
ponent  of  the  administration,  and  in  1812  published 
an  article  which  so  irritated  the  populace  that  his 
printing-office  in  Baltimore  was  destroyed;  resolved 
to  re-issue  the  paper,  and  took  possession  of  a  house 
for  that  purpose,  supported  by  several  political 
friends,  well  armed ;  the  paper  appeared  next  morn 
ing  with  an  article  against  the  people  and  police  of 
Baltimore,  and  in  the  evening  the  house  was  attacked 
by  a  mob,  wl  ich  was,  however,  repelled;  but  Mr. 
Hanson  and  his  friends  were  obliged  to  surrender  to 
the  civil  authorities  for  security,  and  were  conducted 
to  jail;  that  building  was  also  attacked,  and  Mr. 
Hanson  was  thrown  in  front  qf  the  jail,  with  others, 


216 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


and  left  by  the  inob,  supposed  to  be  dead ;  it  was 
after  this  that  he  issued  his  paper  in  Georgetown; 
afterwards  settled  in  Baltimore,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  serving  from  1813  to 
1816,  when  he  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Maryland.  Died  in  Belmont,  April  2'3, 
1819. 

Hanson,  John  ;  was  distinguished  as  a  friend  of 
his  country;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1781  to  1783;  President  of 
that  body  during  the  first  session,  and  a  signer  of 
the  Articles  of  Confederation.  Died  in  Prince 
George  County,  November  13,  1783. 

Haralson,  Hugh  A.;  was  born  in  Greene  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  November  13,  1805;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Georgia  in  1825 ;  adopted  the  law  as  a 
profession,  bavin-;*,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  been 
permitted  to  practice  before  he  was  twenty-one;  was, 
for  many  years,  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1851; 
participated  in  the  military  affairs  of  the  State,  and 
was  a  Major-General  of  Militia;  when  in  Congress 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 
Died  at  his  home  in  October,  1854. 

Haralsson,  Jeremiah  ;  was  born  in  Muscogee 
County,  Georgia,  April  1,  1846,  of  slave  parents;  in 
1865  became  free  by  the  close  of  the  Rebellion,  and 
settled  in  Alabama;  acquired  a  knowledge  of  English 
by  means  of  his  own  personal  efforts;  in  1868  took 
an  interest  in  politics;  in  1870  presided  over  the  Con 
vention  which  nominated  B.  S.  Turner  for  Congress; 
in  the  same  year  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature ; 
in  1871  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  was  for  three  years 
President  of  the  ' '  Alabama  Labor  Union ' ' ;  also 
elected  to  a  Convention  of  his  own  people  held  in 
New  Orleans;  in  1872  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  from 
the  State  of  Alabama. 

Hard,  Gideon ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1833  to  1837,  and  a  State 
Senator  from  1842  to  1847. 

Hardeman,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Eatonton, 
Georgia,  January  12,  1825;  graduated  at  Emory  Col 
lege,  Georgia,  in  1845 ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1847;  engaged  in  the  warehouse  and 
commission  business;  in  1853  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1855  was  elected 
State  Senator;  in  1857  was  again  elected  to  the  As 
sembly;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia;  served  with  distinction  in  the 
Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil  War;  was  again 
elected  to  the  Assembly  in  1863,  and  was  Speaker  of 
the  House;  was  re-elected  in  1864,  and  was  again 
made  Speaker;  was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
State  Executive  Committee  for  four  years;  in  1874 
was  again  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Leg 
islature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House;  in 
1876  became  President  of  the  Georgia  State  Agricul 
tural  Society,  and  continued  to  be  annually  re-elected ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Hardenbergh,  Augustus  A.;  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  May  18,  1830;  was  educated 
at  Rutgers  College;  spent  several  years  in  a  counting 
house  in  New  York  City;  in  1853  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1858  became  cashier  of  the 
Hudson  County  Bank  in  Jersey  City;  in  1868  was 
elected,  by  the  Legislature,  State  Director  of  Rail 
roads;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1868;  President  of  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 


New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  declined  re-nom 
ination;  in  1878  was  elected  president  of  the  Hudson 
County  National  Bank;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress;  declined  a  further  re-nomination. 

Hardin,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1784;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Washington  County,  Kentucky,  in  1787; 
received  his  education  from  private  tutors;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1806;  settled  at 
Elizabethtown,  but  removed  to  Bardstown  in  1808; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1810,  1811,  1824, 
and  1825;  State  Senator  from  1828  to  1832;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky,  from 
1815  to  1817,  from  1819  to  1823,  and  from  1833  to 
1837;  was  Secretary  of  State  of  Kentucky  from  1844 
to  1847;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1849;  in  the  summer  of  1852  was  crip 
pled  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  and  died  soon  after  at 
Bardstown,  September  24,  1852. 

Hardin,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Boone  County, 
Missouri,  in  1820;  graduated  at  the  Miami  Univers 
ity.  Ohio;  studied  law;  in  1848  was  elected  a  County 
Attorney  in  Missouri;  in  1851  became  one  of  the 
Managers  of  the  State  Lunatic  Asylum;  in  1852  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected  in 
1855;  was  one  of  a  Commission  to  revise  the  State 
Laws;  in  1858  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  in  1860  to  the  State  Senate;  again  elected  to  the 
Senate  in  1872;  in  the  following  year  was  elected 
Governor  of  Missouri;  devoted  much  of  his  attention, 
as  a  public  man,  to  the  cause  of  education,  and 
through  his  liberality  a  college  was  established  in 
Mexico,  bearing  his  name,  and  having  an  endowment 
of  nearly  forty  thousand  dollars. 

Hardin,  E.  R.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Nebraska. 

Hardin,  John  J.;  was  born  at  Frankfort,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1810;  was  the  son  of  M.  D.  Hardin,  pre 
viously  a  member  of  Congress;  graduated  at  the 
Transylvania  University;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  removed  to  Illinois,  and  located  in  Jackson 
ville,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  with  success; 
held  the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  Cir 
cuit;  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature  from 
1836  to  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Illinois,  from  1843  to  1845;  commanded  a  regiment 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Buena  Vista,  while  leading  his  men,  with  heroic 
gallantry,  in  a  final  charge,  February  23,  1847. 

Hardin,  Martin  D.;  was  born  on  the  Mouonga- 
hela  River,  Western  Pennsylvania,  June  21,  1780; 
was  educated  chiefly  at  Transylvania  Seminary,  in 
Kentucky;  studied  law;  served  for  several  years  in 
the  Legislature  of  Kentucky*,  was  at  one  time  Sec 
retary  of  State  ior  Kentucky;  served  in  the  North 
western  army  as  a  Major;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1816  and  1817;  he  had  a  superior 
mind,  and  as  a  lawyer  was  eminently  successful. 
Died  in  Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  October  8,  1823. 

Harding,  Aaron ;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Kentucky;  passed  his  boyhood  on  a  farm;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1833,  locating  in  Greene 
County;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post 
Office  and  Po>t  Roads;  re-elected  to  the  Thirth-ninth 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


217 


Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Banking  and 
Currency  and  Invalid  Pensions;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of 
1866. 

Harding',  Abner  O.J  was  born  in  East  Hamp 
ton,  Middlesex  County,  Connecticut,  February  10, 
1807;  was  educated  chiefly  at  Hamilton  Academy, 
New  York;  practiced  law  in  Oneida  County,  of  that 
State,  and  fifteen  years  in  Illinois;  managed  farms  in 
that  State  for  twenty -five  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
Illinois  Constitutional  Convention  of  1848;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1848,  1849,  and  1850;  was  for 
ten  years  engaged  in  managing  railroads;  in  1862 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Eighty-third  Illinois  In 
fantry,  and,  having  been  appointed  its  Colonel,  served 
with  success  at  Fort  Donelson ;  was  made  a  Brigadier- 
General,  and  had  command  at  Murfreesborough  in 
1863;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures,  and  on  the  Militia; 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Union  Prisoners,  Claims,  and  the 
Militia.  Died  at  Monmouth,  Warren  County,  Illi 
nois,  July  19,  1874. 

Harding,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  Wyoming 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  4,  1823;  studied  law 
in  his  native  county,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1847; 
emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1848,  and  during  the  follow 
ing  year  settled  in  Oregon;  in  1850  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly;  in  1851  was 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  Legislative  Assembly;  in  1852  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Legislature  and  made 
Speaker;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  the  Territory  of 
Oregon;  in  1854  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Ter 
ritory,  which  office  he  held  until  Oregon  was  ad 
mitted  as  a  State;  from  1859  to  1862  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  serving  the  last  two  years 
as  Speaker;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Oregon;  took  his  seat  during  the  third  session 
of  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Naval  Affairs  and  that  on  Public  Lands. 

Harding,  Stephen  S.;  was  born  in  Indiana; 
removed  to  Utah;  was -appointed  from  that  Territory 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
the  Territory  of  Colorado,  residing  in  Denver  City. 

Hardy,  John ;  was  born  in  Scotland,  September 
19,  1835;  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  with  his 
parents,  when  a  child ;  graduated  from  the  College  of 
the  City  of  New  York  in  1853,  and  became  a  tutor  in 
that  institution ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1861 ;  in  that  year  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives;  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1863, 
1864,  1867,  1868,  and  1869;  was  Clerk  of  the  Com 
mon  Council  in  1870  and  1871;  was  Chief  Clerk  in 
the  office  of  the  Mayor  in  1877  and  1878;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Fernando  Wood;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Hardy,  Samuel ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1783  to  1785. 

Haring,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1775,  and 
again  from  1785  to  1788. 

Harlan,  Aaron ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  September  8,  1802;  received  a  good  English 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
\vas  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1825;  in  1831  was  elected 


a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1838  and  1839 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector,  in  1844,  from  Ohio;  in  1849  was  again  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention";  in  1852  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  where 
he  continued  to  serve  the  people  of  his  native  district 
until  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims. 

Harlan,  Andrew  J.;  was  born  in  Chester,  Clin 
ton  County,  Ohio,  March  29, 1815;  received  a  limited 
education ;  studied  law,  but  abandoned  the  practice 
for  politics;  in  1842  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Indiana 
House  of  Representatives;  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1846,  1847,  and  1848;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1849  to  1851, 
and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

Harlan,  James;  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
Kentucky,  June  22,  1800;  received  a  good  English 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  from  1817 
to  1821 ;  then  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1823;  in  1829  was  ap 
pointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Circuit  in  which 
he  resided,  and  held  the  office  four  years;  in  1835 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky,  and  in  1837  was  re-elected;  during  the  last 
session  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  for  Investi 
gating  Defalcations;  from  1840  to  1844  was  Secretary 
of  State  of  Kentucky ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1841 ;  in  1845  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature;  in  1850  was  appointed  Attorney-General 
of  that  State,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  February 
18,  1863. 

Harlan,  James  ;  was  born  in  Clarke  County, 
Illinois,  August  25,  1820;  graduated  at  the  Indiana 
Asbury  University  in  1845;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  wras  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
for  lowain  1847;  was  President  of  the  Iowa  Wesleyan 
University  in  1853;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Iowa  in  1855,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands;  on  January  12,  1857, 
because  of  informality  in  his  appointment,  and  after 
long  debate,  his  seat  was  declared  vacant,  but  on  the 
17th  of  the  same  month  he  was  elected  by  the  Legis 
lature  for  the  term  ending  in  1861;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "Peace  Convention"  of  1861;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1867;  in  March, 
1865,  was  invited,  by  President  Lincoln,  to  succeed 
Mr.  Usher  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department; 
after  the  death  of  President  Lincoln  he  waived  his 
right  to  a  seat  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Johnson, 
but  the  appointment  of  the  former  was  confirmed  by 
the  latter,  and  on  May  15,  1865,  he  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  Senate  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as  Secre 
tary  of  the  Interior;  in  January,  1866,  was  again 
re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1867  and  ending  in  1873,  and  in  July  resigned  his 
position  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  resignation 
to  take  effect  in  the  September  following;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven-; 
tion"  of  1866;  in  1867  wasmade  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  serving  on  those  on 
Foreign  Relations,  Post  Office,  and  Pacific  Railroad; 
in  1869  was  appointed  President  of  the  Iowa  Univers 
ity;  after  leaving  the  Senate  in  1873  became  pro 
prietor  and  editor  of  the  Washington  Chronicle. 

Harlan,  John  Marshall ;  was  born  in  Boyle 
County,  Kentucky,  June  1,  1833;  graduated  from 
Centre  College,  Kentucky,  in  1850;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853;  in  1858  was  elected 


218 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


County  Judge  of  Franklin  County,  Kentucky;  in 
,1859  was  defeated  for  Congress  as  the  candidate  of  the 
Whig,  or  anti-Democratic  party;  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  War  entered  the  Union  Army  as  Colonel 
of  the  Tenth  Kentucky  Infantry;  in  1863  was  elected, 
on  the  Union  ticket,  Attorney-General  of  Kentucky; 
•was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor  of  the 
'State  in  1871  and  1875;  in  1877  was  appointed,  by 
President  Hayes,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 

'Harmanson,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Norfolk, 
"Virginia,  in  January,  1803;  was  educated  at  Jefferson 
College,  Mississippi;  having  removed  to  Louisiana, 
devoted  himself  first  to  one  of  the  mechanic  arts,  then 
•to  law,  and  afterwards  to  agriculture;  served  in  the 
State  Senate  in  1844;  was  elected  to  the  National 
-House  of  Representatives  in  1845,  and  re-elected  in 
1847  and  1849,  ever  keeping  a  watchful  eye  upon  the 
interests  of  his  adopted  State;  proposed,  in  Congress, 
a  project  to  secure  a  grant  from  the  United  States  to 
Louisiana  of  all  the  submerged  lands  in  that  State, 
with  a  view  to  their  redemption  from  that  condition, 
thus  promoting  the  public  health.  Died  in  New 
Orleans,  October  25,  1850. 

Harmar,  Josiah;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1753;  educated  chiefly  at  Robert 
Proud's  Quaker  School;  was  made  Captain  of  the 
First  Pennsylvania  Regiment  in  October,  1776 ;  was 
Lieutenant-Colonel  from  1777  until  the  close  of  the 
•war;  was  in  Washington's  Army  from  1778  to  1780; 
•with  General  Greene  in  the  South  in  1781  and  1782; 
made  Brevet-Colonel  of  the  First  United  States  Regi 
ment  in  1783;  in  1784  took  the  Ratification  of  the 
Treaty  of  France;  was  Indian  Agent  for  the  North 
west  Territory  in  1785,  and  was  present  when  the 
treaty  was  made  at  Fort  Mclntosh;  was  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  Infantry  in  1784;  brevetted  Brigadier- 
General  by  Congress  in  1787,  and  General-in-Chief  of 
the  Army  in  1789;  commanded  an  expedition  against 
the  Miami  Indians  in  1790,  and  partially  defeated 
them;  resigned  in  1792;  was  Adjutant-General  of 
Pennsylvania,  from  1793  to  1799,  and  furnished  the 
troops  for  Wayne's  campaign  in  1793  and  1794.  Died 
in  Philadelphia,  August  20,  1813. 

Harmer,  Alfred  O.;  was  born  in  Germantown, 
Pennsylvania,  August  8,  1825;  received  a  public 
school  education;  commenced  business  as  a  shoe 
manufacturer  and  became  a  wholesale  dealer;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  City  Councils  of  Philadelphia 
in  1856,  and  served  four  years;  was  elected  Recorder 
of  Deeds  for  Philadelphia  in  1860,  and  served  three 
years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Convention  at 
Chicago;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  as  a  member  of 
that  on  Weights  and  Measures;  was  again  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty -sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty- 
ninth  Congresses. 

Harriett,  Cornelius;  was  a  Delegate  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1780,  and  signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

Harper,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Ireland; 
having  emigrated  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1839,  from  1843  to 
1847,  and  again  from  1851  to  1853. 

Harper,  Francis  J.;  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  but  died  before  taking 
his  seat,  March  18,  1837,  aged  thirty-eight  years. 


Harper,  James;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1779; 
was  a  brickmaker;  having  emigrated  to  Pennsyl 
vania,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1833  to  1837;  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  March  31, 
1872. 

Harper,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  6,  1819;  removed 
to  Ohio  in  1831;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  in  1840  removed  to  Cald- 
well  County,  North  Carolina,  where  he  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  but  afterwards  in  farming;  filled 
various  county  offices;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1865,  1866,  and  1868;  was  barred  by 
the  fourteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  but  his  disabilities  were  removed  by 
Congress  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad. 

Harper,  John  A.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1811  to  1813. 

Harper,  Joseph  M.;  was  born  in  Limerick, 
Maine,  June  21,  1787;  commenced  active  life  by 
working  on  his  father's  farm  in  summer,  and  going 
to  the  district  school  in  winter;  was  also  at  the  Frye- 
burg  Academy;  taught  school;  studied  medicine  and 
law,  and  practiced  both  professions;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1831  to  1835;  in  1858  Avas  President  of  the  Me 
chanics'  Bank,  Concord;  for  a  short  time,  in  1831, 
officiated  as  Acting  Governor  of  New  Hampshire. 
Died  in  Canterbury,  New  Hampshire,  January  14, 
1865. 

Harper,  Robert  Goodloe ;  was  bom  near  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Virginia,  in  1765;  was  a  graduate  of 
Princeton  College  in  1785,  and  for  a  time  a  teacher 
in  that  institution;  removing  to  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  that  State;  was  a  leading  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1794  to  1801;  subse 
quently  removed  to  Baltimore,  Maryland;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State  during  the  years 
1815  and  1816;  in  1819  visited  p]urope,  and  on  his 
return  devoted  himself  to  the  cause  of  the  Coloniza 
tion  Society  and  to  literary  pursuits,  publishing  a 
number  of  interesting  addresses  and  papers,  which 
were  subsequently  collected  in  a  volume;  served 
with  credit  in  the  war  of  1812,  attaining  the  rank  of 
Major-General.  Died  suddenly,  January  15,  1825, 
having  been  engaged  the  preceding  day  in  the  Cir 
cuit  Court.  Received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
from  Princeton  College. 

Harper,  Samuel  H;  was  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  Louisiana. 

Harper  "William  ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  born  January  17.  1790;  graduated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  in  1808;  became  one  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  that  institution  in  1813;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  served  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Lower  House;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  during  the 
year  1826;  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  that  State  in 
1835;  in  1830  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,  and  for  a  time  State  Reporter;  for  domestic 
reasons,  he  spent  a  few  years  in  Missouri  from  1818 
to  1823,  and  while  there  was  made  Chancellor  of 
the  State;  was  an  eminent  jurist.  Died  October  10. 
1847. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Harriman,  "Walter ;  was  born  at  Warner,  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  school  teacher,  and  subsequently 
a  trader,  and  being  an  active  politician,  held  several 
important  offices ;  in  August,  1862,  became  Colonel 
of  the  Eleventh  New  Hampshire  Regiment,  which  he 
led  through  the  Civil  War;  was  Secretary  of  State  of 
New  Hampshire  from  1865  to  1867,  and  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1867  to  1869.  Died  July  25,  1884. 

Harrington,  George ;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  became  a  citizen  of  Georgia;  was  for  many 
years  a  Clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department  at  Wash 
ington;  Chief  Clerk  under  his  personal  friend,  S.  P. 
Chase;  in  1861  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of 
that  department;  between  the  years  1865  and  1869. 
was  Minister  Resident  to  Switzerland;  was  subse 
quently  President  of  a  telegraph  company  in  New 
York  City. 

Harrington,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  September  12, 1825;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1849;  in  1856  took  up  his 
residence  in  Indiana,  and  continued  the  prosecution 
of  his  profession  there;  after  serving  in  a  local  conven 
tion,  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Con 
vention  in  1860;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868;  was 
subsequently  appointed  an  Assessor  of  Internal  Rev 
enue  in  Indiana. 

Harris,  Benjamin  Gwinn;  was  born  near 
Leonardstown,  St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland,  De 
cember  13,  1806;  after  receiving  an  academic  educa 
tion  at  Charlotte  Hall,  spent  a  few  months  in  St. 
Mary's  College,  and  went  to  Yale  College,  from  which 
he  was  dismissed,  with  one  hundred  and  forty  others, 
in  1829,  on  account  of  their  seceding  from  Commons 
Hall;  although  a  compact  was  entered  into  that  they 
would  not  return  unless  their  wishes  were  respected, 
all  of  them  did  return,  excepting  Mr.  Harris  and  one 
other,  a  Georgian;  subsequently  spent  fourteen 
months  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School,  and  then  set 
tled  in  his  native  county  as  a  lawyer;  in  1832  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Maryland,  and 
re-elected  in  1833,  1836,  1849,  1852,  and  1856;  with 
his  profession  and  public  duties  he  combined  agri 
cultural  pursuits;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention  "  of  1864;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  in  May,  1865, 
was  arrested  and  tried  by  court  martial  for  violating 
the  56th  Article  of  War,  and,  although  declared 
guilty,  the  President,  on  a€count  of  additional  testi 
mony,  ordered  the  sentence  of  the  court  to  be  re 
mitted  in  full. 

Harris,  Benjamin  W.;  was  born  in  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts,  November  10,  1823;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law  at  the  Dane  Law- 
School,  Cambridge;  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Bos 
ton  in  1850;  removed  to  East  Bridge  water  in  1850; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1857,  and  a 
Representative  in  1858;  was  District  Attorney  from 
1858  to  1866;  was  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for 
the  Second  District  from  1866  until  1873,  when  he 
resigned;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected 
a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty -sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  de 
clined  a  re-nomination. 


Harris,  Gary  A..;  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  Indian  Affairs  in  July,  1836,  but  only  held  the 
office  until  October  of  the  same  year. 

Harris,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Munfordsville, 
Hart  County,  Kentucky,  April  10.  1821;  received  a 
common  school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  having  become  a  citizen  of  Illinois,  was 
elected,  in  1862,  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  on  Expenditures  in 
the  War  Department. 

Harris,  Edward ;  was  one  of  the  earliest  mem 
ber  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  after 
its  organization,  and  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Fifth  Circuit  in  1802,  by  President  Jefferson. 

Harris,  Elisha  ;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island 
for  two  years,  beginning  with  the  year  1847. 

Harris,  George  E.;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
North  Carolina,  January,  1827;  was  reared  in  Car 
roll  County,  Tennessee;  removed  to  Mississippi  in 
1844;  studied  law  and  practiced  from  1854  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861;  was  opposed  to  se 
cession,  but  when  his  State  severed  its  connection 
with  the  Union,  joined  the  Confederate  Army,  and 
remained  until  the  close  of  the  war;  came  home  and 
favored  reconstruction ;  was  elected  District  Attorney 
in  1865  and  1866;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -first 
and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Military  Affairs  and  Accounts;  was  sul>se- 
quently  chosen  Attorney -General  for  the  State  of 
Mississippi. 

Harris,  Henry  R.;  was  born  in  Sparta,  Georgia, 
February  2,  1828;  removed  to  Greenville,  Meriwetiier 
County,  in  1833;  graduated  at  Emory  College  in 
1847;  engaged  in  planting;  was  a  member  of  the 
Georgia  Convention  in  18(»1 ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mines  and 
Mining;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  also  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Harris,  Henry  S. ;  was  born  at  Belvidere,  New 
Jersey,  December  27,  1850;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1870;  studied  law;  was  licensed  as  an  at 
torney  in  1873,  and  as  Counselor  in  1876;  in  1877  was 
appointed  Prosecutor  of  the  Pleas  for  Warren  County; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Harris,  Ira;  was  born  in  Charleston,  Montgom 
ery  County,  New  York,  May  31,  1802,  tracing  his 
lineage  to  the  colony  of  Roger  Williams;  when  a  boy 
worked  upon  a  farm  in  summer,  and  attended  school 
in  winter;  in  his  seventeenth  year  entered  Cortland 
Academy  to  prepare  for  college;  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1824;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Albany,  where  he  settled;  for  seventeen 
years  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  his  profession, 
in  which  he  was  eminently  successful,  avoiding  all 
political  entanglements;  in  1844  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature;  re-elected  in  1845;  was  a  Delegate, 
in  1846,  to  the  Convention  for  revising  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  State;  before  the  Convention  adjourned 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1847  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  held  the  position 
twelve  and  a  half  years;  in  1861  was  elected,  for  six 
years,  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  York,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Private-  Land 
Claims,  and  member  of  the  Committees  on  the  Judi- 


220 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


ciary,  Foreign  Relations,  and  Public  Lands;  was  a 
member  of  the  Special  Joint  Committee  on  the  Rebel 
lious  States;  was  also  a  member  of  the  National  Com 
mittee  appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  during  his  sojourn  in  Wash 
ington  he  delivered  an  occasional  Lecture  before  the 
Law  Students  of  Columbia  College,  by  invitation  of 
the  Faculty;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
''Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866,  and  to  the  "State 
Constitutional  Convention"  of  1867;  received,  from 
Union  College,  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  and,  in  1869,  was 
acting  President  of  that  institution.  Died  in  Albany, 
December  2,  1875. 

Harris,  Isham  GK;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Tennessee;  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced  prac 
tice  at  Paris,  Tennessee,  in  1841;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1847;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty- 
first  and  Thirty-second  Congresses;  declined  a  re 
election;  removed  to  Memphis,  Tennessee;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  was  elected  Governor  in 
1857,  and  re-elected  in  1859  and  1861;  served  three 
years  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  Staff  Officer;  was 
elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  Tennessee  for 
the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1877,  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1889. 

Harris,  J.  Morrison ;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Baltimore,  in  1821;  was  educated  at  Lafayette  Col 
lege,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1843;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1848 ;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  returned  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  in  1857,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage;  also  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Naval  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Harris,  John;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1807 
to  1809. 

Harris,  John  A.;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1826; 
in  1846  settled  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, devoting  him 
self  to  mercantile  pursuits;  was  President  of  the  Marine 
Bank  of  Milwaukee;  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1864; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Registration ; 
also  of  the  State  Senate;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Louisiana  for  the  term  ending  in 
1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  Printing. 

Harris,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Albemarle  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  May  8,  1825;  received  a  good  English 
education,  attending  school  and  working  on  his 
father's  farm  alternately;  taught  school  for  a  while; 
studied  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  in  1845; 
was  a  State  Elector  in  1848,  1851,  and  1855;  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1852  and  1856;  was  twice  elected 
Attorney  for  the  Commonwealth;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  on 
the  Public  Buildings;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Claims  and  War  Claims;  in  De 
cember,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Hirris,  Leavitt ;  in  1813  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  Legation  to  Russia,  and  while  there,  acted  also  as 
Secretary  of  the  Mission  Extraordinary,  for  entering 
into  negotiations  with  England;  in  1833  was  made 
Charge  tf  Affaires  to  France. 


Harris,  Mark ;  was  born  in  Ipswich,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1779;  removed  to  Portland  in  1800;  became 
a  grocer;  took  an  active  part  in  politics;  held  the 
offices  of  County  and  State  Treasurer  for  twenty 
years;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1816  and  1819;  a  State 
Counselor  in  1820;  served  also  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine 
from  1822  to  1823,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  E. 
Whitman.  Died  in  New  York,  March  2,  1843. 

Harris,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1823  to  1827. 

Harris,   Sampson    W.;    was    born    in  Elbert  ' 
County,  Georgia,  February  23,   1809;  graduated  at  ' 
Franklin  College  in  1828;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  served  one  term  in  the  Georgia  Legislature; 
removed  to  Alabama;  was  there  appointed  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney  for  the   State;  in   1847  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama,  where  he 
continued  until  his  death.     Died  in  Washington,  D.    ; 
C.,  April  1,  1857. 

Harris,  Thomas  K. ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1813  to  1815. 

Harris,  Thomas  L.;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  October  29,  1816;  graduated  at  Trinity  Col 
lege,  Hartford,  in  1841;  studied  law  in  Connecticut 
with  Governor  Isaac  Toucey ;  was  admitted  to  the  . 
bar  in  Virginia  in  1842,  and  during  that  year  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Petersburg, 
Menard  County,  Illinois ;  in  1 845  was  chosen  School 
Commissioner  for  his  county;  in  1846  raised  and  com 
manded  a  company,  and  joined  the  Fourth  Regiment 
of  Illinois  Volunteers,  to  serve  in  the  war  with  Mex 
ico;  was  afterwards  elected  Major  of  the  regiment, 
and  owing  to  the  sickness  of  his  superior  officers, 
was  chief  in  command  during  most  of  the  campaigns; 
was  at  the  taking  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  served  in  the 
navy  battery  with  a  detachment  during  the  day  of 
its  terrible  fire;  was  also  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and  after 
the  wounding  of  General  Shields,  took  command  of 
the  regiment;  was  honorably  mentioned  in  govern 
ment  dispatches  for  placing  a  twenty-four  pounder 
cannon  on  the  heights  of  Cerro  Gordo,  during  the 
night  preceding  the  battle;  while  absent  in  the  army, 
in  1846,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  the  Illinois  Legisla 
ture;  in  1848  was  chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress;  was  again  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress ; 
during  his  second  term  officiated  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Elections;  took  a  special  interest  in 
the  election  in  Illinois,  when  he  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  it  is  supposed  that  owing 
to  his  declining  health,  the  efforts  he  made  were  the 
immediate  cause  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Springfield,  Illinois,  November  24,  1858;  his  disease 
was  pulmonary  consumption. 

Harris,  Townsend  ;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  1855  went  to  Japan  as  Consul  General,  and  two 
years  afterwards  was  authorized  to  negotiate  a  treaty 
with  that  empire;  in  1868  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Minister  Resident,  and  succeeded  in  negotiating  a 
treaty,  and  by  his  diplomacy  won  special  credit  from 
his  government;  in  1871  was  re-commissioned  to  the 
same  office,  and  is  credited  with  having  done  much  to 
cement  the  existing  friendship  between  the  United 
States  and  Japan.  Died  February  25,  1878. 

Harris,  W.  L.;  was  appointed,  by  the  Acting 
Governor  of  Mississippi  in  1851,  to  fill  a  vacancy  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  caused  by  the  resignation 
of  J.  Davis,  but  it  does  not  appear  from  the  Journal 
of  the  Senate  that  he  took  his  seat. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


22  f 


Harris,  "Wiley  P.;  was  born  in  Mississippi ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1853  to  1855.  Took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Harris,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  Augusts,  1805;  received  a  classical 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
practiced  it  for  ten  years;  was  twice  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1641;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia 
from  1841  to  1843;  was  editor,  for  several  years,  of  a 
journal  called  the  Spectator,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Constitution,  published  in  Washington;  in  1845  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  remained  until  1851;  after 
the  election  of  Mr.  Buchanan  to  the  Presidency,  be 
came  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Washington 
Union,  which  continued  in  his  possession  until  he  was 
elected  Printer  to  the  United  States  Senate,  which 
office  he  held  for  two  years;  in  1854  removed  to 
Missouri.  Died  in  Pike  County,  March  28,  1864. 

Harrison,  Albert  GK;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
>   was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Missouri  from  1835  to  1839.     Died  at  Fulton, 
Missouri,  September  7,  1839,  highly  esteemed. 

Harrison,  Benjamin;    was  born    in  Berkeley 
County,  Virginia;  was  educated   at  the  College  of 
':  William  and  Mary;  after  performing  important  duties 
i  on  local  committees,  was  elected  to  the  Will iamsburg 
j  Convention  of  1774;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1778,  and  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Independence;  in  1775  was  a  member  of  the  Rich 
mond  Convention;  took  an  important  part  in  organiz 
ing  means  of  defense;  while  in  Congress  he  served 
I  conspicuously  on  the  most  important  committees, 
and  was  very  popular  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Whole;  was  a  Counselor  of  Virginia  under  the 
new  form  of  government;   was  considered  a  Colossus 
in  the  cause  of  liberty  and  human  rights;  was  amem- 
|   ber,  and  Speaker,  of  the  House  of  Burgesses;  in  1782 
j   was  elected   Governor  of  Virginia,    and    twice  re- 
I   elected;  subsequently  served  in  the  Legislature;  was 
|   a  member  of  the  Convention   called   to  ratify  the 
Federal  Constitution.     Died  in  April,  1791.     He  was 
the  warm  personal   friend  of  Washington,  and  the 
father  of  President  William  Henry  Harrison. 

Harrison,  Benjamin ;  was  born  at  North  Bend, 
Hamilton  County,  Ohio,  August  20,  1833;  received 
a  classical  education,  graduating  at  Miami  Univers 
ity,  Ohio,  in  1852;  studied  law:  in  1854  removed  to 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession ;  in  1860  was  elected  Reporter  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  entered  the  Union  Army 
in  1862,  as  a  subaltern  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel, 
and  Brevet  Brigadier-General,  serving  until  1865; 
while  in  service  was  re-elected  Reporter  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  and,  after  leaving  the  army,  served  four 
years  in  that  position;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  Governor  of  Indiana  in  1876;  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  a  member  of  the  Mississippi  River  Commis 
sion;  was  elected  a  Senator  for  the  United  States 
from  Indiana  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1881. 

Harrison,  Carter  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1799. 

Harrison,  Carter  H.;  w^  born  in  Fayette 
County,  Kentucky,  February  15,  1825;  his  early  edu 
cation  was  obtained  from  his  mother,  but  he  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1845;  prepared  himself  for  the 
legal  profession,  but  became  a  farmer;  subsequently 
traveled  in  Europe;  graduated  at  the  Law  School 
of  Transylvania,  and  settled  in  Chicago,  Illinois; 


after  the  great  fire,  in  1871,  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  County  Commissioners;  in  1874,  after 
his  return  from  a  second  trip  to  Europe,  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress; 
in  1879  was  elected  Mayor  of  Chicago,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1881,  1883,  and  1885. 

Harrison,  Henry  B.;  was  born  at  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  September  11,  1821;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Yale  College  in  1846; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  New  Haven 
in  1848,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  there,  in 
which  he  continued  until  1880,  when  he  retired  from 
business;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Con 
necticut  in  1854;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Connecticut  in  1865,  1873,  and  1884;  in  the 
latter  year  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  two  years 
from  January,  1885. 

Harrison,  Horace  H.;  was  born  in  Wilson 
County,  Tennessee,  August  7,  1829;  was  liberally 
educated;  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1851;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1857;  removed  to  Nashville  in  1859;  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Middle  Tennessee 
in  1863;  was  elected  Chancellor  in  the  Nashville 
Chancery  Division  in  1866;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee  in  1867;  resigned  in 
1868;  was  an  Elector  for  the  State  at  large;  was  again 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  in  1872; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Harrison,  John  Scott ;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1853  to  1857.  He  was  the  sou  of  William  Henry 
Harrison. 

Harrison,  Richard;  was  born  in  1750;  wa» 
Auditor  of  the  United  States  for  fifty-five  years;  and 
five  years  Consul  to  Cadiz.  Died  in  Washington, 
July  10,  1841. 

Harrison,  Richard  A.;  was  born  in  England 
in  1827;  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1836;  received  a  good 
English  education;  served  for  a  time  in  a  printing 
office  in  Clarke  County;  graduated  at  the  Cincinnati 
Law  School  in  1846;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
House  of  Representatives;  subsequently  to  the  State 
Senate;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Invalid  Pensions  and  on  the  Militia. 

Harrison,  S.  S.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1833  to  1837. 

Harrison,  William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1787. 

Harrison,  William  Henry ;  was  born  in  Charles 
County,  Virginia,  February  9,  1773;  was  educated 
at  Hampden  Sidney  College;  afterwards  studied  medi 
cine;  received,  from  President  Washington,  a  mili 
tary  commission  in  1791,  and  fought  under  Wayne 
in  1792;  after  the  battle  of  Miami  Rapids,  was  made 
Captain  and  placed  in  command  of  Fort  Washington; 
in  1797  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Northwest 
Territory;  in  1799  and  1800  was  a  Delegate  to  Con- 
;ress;  being  appointed  Governor  of  Indiana,  was  also 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  and  negotiated 
thirteen  treaties;  gained  a  great  victory  at  the  battle 
of  Tippecanoe,  November  7,  1811;  in  the  war  with 
Great  Britain  was  Commander  of  the  Northwest 
Army,  and  was  distinguished  in  the  defense  of  Fort 


223 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Meigs,  and  the  victory  of  the  Thames;  from  1816  to 
1819  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1821  and  1825;  from  1825  to 
1828  was  United  States  Senator;  in  1828  was  Minis 
ter  to  the  Republic  of  Columbia;  on  his  return,  re 
sided  upon  his  farm,  at  North  Bend,  Ohio;  in  1840 
was  elected  President  of  the  United  States,  by  two 
hundred  and  thirty-four  votes  out  of  two  hundred  and 
ninety-four,  and  was  inaugurated  March  4,  1841. 
'Died  in  the  Presidential  Mansion,  April  4,  1841. 

Hart,  Alphonso ;  was  born  at  Vienna,  Trumbull 
County,  Ohio,  July  4,  1830;  received  a  good  educa* 
tion  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Grand  River  Insti 
tute,  Austiuburgh,  Ohio;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  practice;  was 
editor  of  the  Portage  (Ohio)  Sentinel  from  1854  to 
1857;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Portage 
County  in  1861,  and  re-elected  in  1863;  in  1864  re 
signed  and  was  elected  State  Senator;  was  again 
elected  State  Senator  in  1871 ;  in  1872  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector;  in  1873  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor;  removed  from  Ravenna  to  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
in  1878  settled  at  Hillsboro,  Highland  County,  Ohio; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Hart,  Emanuel  B.;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
October  29,  1811;  entered  early  upon  a  mercantile 
occupation;  went  to  the  Spanish  Main  as  a  super 
cargo;  settled  in  New  York  as  a  commission  mer 
chant;  served  for  a  time  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to  1853; 
was  at  one  time  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  State 
Militia;  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Sur 
veyor  of  the  Port  of  New  York;  was  also  frequently 
a  member  of  the  State  and  National  Conventions  of 
the  Democratic  party. 

Hart,  E.  Kirke ;  was  born  at  Albion,  Orleans 
County,  New  York,  April  8,  1841;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  engaged  in  the  banking  business  in 
1860,  and  became  Cashier  of  the  Orleans  County  Na 
tional  Bank;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1872; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Hart,  John ;  was  born  at  Hopewell,  New  Jersey, 
1708;  received  an  ordinary  education;  was  a  farmer, 
and  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Legis 
lature  of  New  Jersey;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1774  to  1777;  suffered  much 
from  the  loyalists,'  who  used  special  exertions  to  take 
him  prisoner;  fled  from  his  family,  and  wandered 
through  the  woods  from  cottage  to  cottage,  and  from 
cave  to  cave,  constantly  hunted  by  his  enemies,  so 
that  he  never  ventured  to  sleep  twice  in  the  same 
place;  the  capture  of  the  Hessians  by  Washington 
allowed  him  to  return  to  his  estate,  where  he  passed 
the  rest  of  his  life;  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  great  confidence 
was  reposed  in  the  wisdom  and  judgment  of  "  honest 
John  Hart."  Died  at  Hopewell,  in  1780. 

Hart,  O.  B.;  was  born  in  the  North;  emigrated 
to  Jacksonville,  Florida;  was  made  Associate  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  in  1868;  was  elected  Governor 
of  Florida  in  1872.  Died  at  his  home,  March  18 

1874. 

Hart,  Roswell ;  was  born  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  in  1824;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1843; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847,  but 
never  practiced  the  profession;  devoted  himself  to 
mercantile  pursuits;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs, 


Expenditures  in  the  State  Department,  and  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress.  Died  April  20,  1883. 

Hartley,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  for 
many  years  a  Clerk,  and  °lso  Chief  Clerk,  in  the 
Treasury  Department;  in  1865  was  appointed  Assist 
ant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  resigned  in  May,  1875; 
his  reputation  was  that  of  a  most  capable  officer. 

Hartley,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Reading,  Penn 
sylvania;  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War  as  a 
Colonel,  from  1776  to  1779;  was  a  lawyer  of  emi 
nence;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1789  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
York,  Pennsylvania,  in  1800.  He  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  for  locating  the  seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac. 

Hartranft,  John  Frederick;  was  born  in 
Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  16, 
1830;  graduated  at  Union  College  in  1853;  studied  ! 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1859;  entered  the  Volun-  , 
teer  Army  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion, 
and,  as  Colonel  of  the  Fourth  Pennsylvania,  was  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run;  was  also  in  the  battles  at 
Roanoke  Island,  at  Newberne,  in  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  and  many  other  engagements;  from  1864 
was  a  Brigadier-General,  and  had  command  of  a 
brigade  at  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness;  was  brevet- 
ted  a  Major-Gen eral;  his  troops  were  the  first  that 
entered  Petersburg;  in  1865  was  elected  Auditor- 
General  of  Pennsylvania,  and  re-elected  in  1868;  in 
1872  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1875. 

Hartridge,  Julian;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia;  received  a  collegiate  education ;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  was  Solicitor-General  of  the  Eastern 
Judicial  Circuit  of  Georgia;  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature;  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Demo 
cratic  Convention  of  1860;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army;  was  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tion  of  1872;  Presidential  Elector  in  that  year;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress.  Died  January  8,  1879. 

Hartzell,  William ;  was  born  upon  a  farm  in 
Stark  County,  Ohio,  February  20,  1837;  in  1840  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Illinois;  in  1844  re 
moved  to  Texas,  where  he  remained  until  1853,  when 
he  returned  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in  Randolph 
County;  graduated  at  McKendree  College  in  1859; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Forty-  fourth  Congress  from  Illinois;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Harvey,  James  E.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
February  4,  1820;  was  chiefly  educated  by  the  Right 
Rev.  Bishop  England,  in  Charleston;  paid  some  at 
tention  to  law;  in  1842  was  appointed  to  the  charge 
of  the  Loan  Office  in  the  United  States  Treasury, 
which  he  organized;  in  1844  became  connected  with 
the  North  American  and  United  States  Gazette,  of  Phil 
adelphia,  as  one  of  its  editors,  and  was  its  Washing 
ton  correspondent  for  seventeen  years;  also  corre 
sponded  with  the  New,  York  Tribune  and  other  jour 
nals;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
Minister  to  Portugal,  and  remained  in  the  position 
eight  years,  the  Senate  having  confirmed  him  with 
out  a  single  opposing  vote;  in  1870  established  a 
Democratic  paper  in  Washington  called  the  Patriot, 
which  he  managed  for  one  year,  when  his  health 
compelled  him  to  retire. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


223 


Harvey,  James  M. ;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Virginia,  September  21,  1833;  studied  in  the  public 
schools  of  Indiana,  Iowa,  and  Illinois;  practiced  sur 
veying  and  civil  engineering  as  a  profession  until  he 
removed  to  Kansas,  in  1859;  was  Captain  in  the 
Fourth  and  Tenth  Regiments  of  Kansas  Volunteer 
Infantry  from  1861  until  1864;  was  a  member  in  the 
lower  House  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1865  and 
1866;  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1867  and  1868; 
was  Governor  of  Kansas  from  1869  to  1871;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  fill  the  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Alexander  Caldwell, 
and  took  his  seat  in  1874,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and  Min 
ing,  Mississippi  Levees,  and  Public  Lands. 

Harvey,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Merrimack 
County,  New  Hampshire;  served  seven  years  in  the 
two  Houses  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  President 
of  the  Senate  from  1817  to  1823;  was  a  State  Coun 
selor  from  1823  to  1825;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1825  to  1831,  during 
his  last  term  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce.  Died  in  Sutton,  New  Hampshire, 
August  23,  1859,  aged  seventy-nine  years. 

Harvey,  Louis  P.;  was  born  in  East  Haddam, 
Connecticut,  July  22,  1820;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Ohio  in  1828;  was  educated  at  the  Western 
Reserve  College;  in  1840  settled  at  Kenosha,  Wiscon 
sin,  where  he  taught  an  academy  and  edited  a  news 
paper;  in  1850  removed  to  Rock  County  and  entered 
into  active  business;  was  a  member  of  the  first  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  was  in  the  State  Senate 
from  1855  to  1857;  was  chosen  Secretary  of  State 
soon  afterwards;  was  elected  Governor  of  Wisconsin 
in  1861 ;  while  going  to  the  army  with  supplies  for 
the  wounded  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  was  drowned 
in  the  Tennessee  river,  April  19,  1862. 

Harvey,  Matthew  ;  was  born  in  Hillsborough 
County,  New  Hampshire,  in  1781;  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature ; 
Speaker  of  the  House  from  1818  to  1821;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1821  to  1825;  President  of  the  State  Senate  from  1825 
to  1828;  was  a  State  Counselor  in  1828;  Governor  of 
the  State  in  1830;  in  1831  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court.  Died  at  Concord,  New 
Hampshire,  April  7,  1866. 

Harvie,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1778  to  1779,  and 
signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

Hasbrouck,  Abraham  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  from  Ulster  County  in  1781  and 
1782,  and  again  in  1811;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1813  to  1815 ;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1822. 

Hasbrouck,  Abraham  B.;  was  a  native  of 
Ulster  County,  New  York;  spent  a  few  years  of  his 
life  in  New  Jersey;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in 
1810;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1825  to  1827;  was  President  of  Rutgers 
College,  which  office  he  resigned. 

Hasbrouck,  Josiah  ;  was  for  four  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1803  to  1805, 
and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 

Hascall,  Augustus  P.;  was  born  in  Massa 
chusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1851  to  1853. 


Haskell,  Dudley  C.;  was  born  at  Springfield, 
Vermont,  March  23,  1842;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  removed  to 
Kansas  in  1855;  served  as  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1872,  1875,  and  1876,  the  last 
term  as  Speaker;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses.  Died,  at  Washington, 
December  16,  1883. 

Haskell,  "William  T.;  wavS  born  in  Tennessee; 
received  a  liberal  education;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  commanded,  as  Colonel,  a  Regiment  of 
Tennessee  Volunteers  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and 
distinguished  himself  at  Medelin  and  at  Cerro  Gordo ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1847  to  1849;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852. 
Died  at  Hopkinsville,  Tennessee,  March  20,  1859. 

Haskin,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Fordham,  West- 
chester  County,  New  York,  August  7,  1821 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  a  public  school  in  New  York  City;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  held  several  important  city 
offices  from  1846  to  1856;  was  then  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  New  York, 
officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Navy  Department;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Haslett,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Delaware,  and 
was  the  son  of  John  Haslett,  who  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Princeton  in  1777 ;  was  Governor  of  Dela 
ware  from  1811  to  1814.  and  again  in  1823  and  1824. 

Hassaurek,  Frederick;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio; 
from  1861  to  1866  was  Minister  Resident  to  Ecuador. 

Hastings,  George  ;  was  born  in  Clinton,  Onei- 
da  County,  New  York,  March  13,  1807;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1826;  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  was  District  Attorney  for 
Oneida  County  nine  years;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1853  to  1855;  late  in 
the  latter  year  was  elected  Judge  for  Livingston 
County,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death.  Died 
at  Mount  Morris,  Livingston  County,  New  York, 
August  29,  1866. 

Hastings,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1839  to  1843.  Died  at  Colum 
bus,  December  29,  1854. 

Hastings,  Samuel  Clinton ;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Iowa  from  1846  to  1847;  was  at  one  time  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa;  having  emigrated  to  Cal 
ifornia,  practiced  his  profession  in  San  Francisco. 

Hastings,  Seth  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1782;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1801  to  1807;  after  his  ser 
vice  in  Congress,  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1810 
and  1814;  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court 
of  Sessions.  Died  at  Mendon,  Massachusetts,  in  1831, 
aged  seventy  years. 

Hastings,  "William  Soden ;  was  frequently  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  was  in 
the  Senate  from  1829  to  1834 ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837  to  1842.  Died 
at  the  Sulphur  Springs,  Virginia,  June  17,  1842. 

Hatch,  Herschel  Harrison ;  was  born  at  Mor- 
risville,  Madison  County,  New  York,  February  17, 
1837;  received  a  common  school  education;  in  1854 
became  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  New  York  City; 
graduated  from  the  Law  School  of  Hamilton  College, 


224 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


New  York,  in  1858,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  county;  in 
1863  removed  to  Bay  City,  Michigan,  and  practiced 
his  profession;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first 
Board  of  Aldermen  of  Bay  City  in  1865;  elected 
Judge  of  Probate  in  1868;  appointed  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Commission  in  1872,  and  of 
the  State  Tax  Commission  in  1881;  was  elected  a 
Eepresentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Hatch,  Israel  T.;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
18Q8:  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in 
1852;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Engraving;  in  1859  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  working 
of  the  Reciprocity  Treaty;  a  few  weeks  later  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Buffalo.  Died  at  Buffalo, 
September  24,  1875. 

Hatch,  William  Henry ;  was  born  in  Scott 
County,  Kentucky,  September  11,  1833;  was  educated 
at  Lexington,  Kentucky;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1854,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  removed  to 
Missouri;  was  elected  Circuit  Attorney  of  the  Six 
teenth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1858,  and  re-elected  in 
1860;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  Captain  and 
Assistant  Adjutant-General  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri 
to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Hatcher,  Robert  A.;  was  born  in  Buckingham 
County,  Virginia,  February  24, 1819;  was  educated  in 
Lynchburg;  studied  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practice 
in  Kentucky;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1847;  there  fol 
lowed  his  profession;  was,  for  six  years,  Circuit 
Attorney  of  the  Tenth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Missouri; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1850  and 
1851 ;  a  member  of  the  State  Convention  in  1862;  of 
the  Confederate  Congress  in  1864;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
several  Committees;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress.  Died  at  Charleston,  Missouri,  December 
18,  1886. 

Hathaway,  Samuel  G-.;  was  born  in  Freetown, 
Bristol  County,  Massachusetts,  July  18, 1780;  received 
a  common  school  education;  tried  the  sea  as  a  sailor, 
but  gave  it  up;  in  1830  settled  in  Chenango  County, 
New  York;  was,  for  eight  years,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace; 
in  1814  and  1818  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1822  to  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Twenty-third  Congress;  in  1852  was 
a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Cin 
cinnati  Convention"  of  1856;  was  for  many  years 
deeply  interested  in  military  affairs,  and  attained  the 
rank  of  Major-General  of  Militia;  besides  holding  a 
great  variety  of  local  offices,  became  one  of  the 
most  extensive  land  proprietors  and  farmers  in  his 
county. 

Hathorn,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Greenfield, 
New  York,  November  28,  1813;  received  an  academic 
education;  was  a  merchant  at  Saratoga  from  1839  to 
1849;  was  largely  interested  in  the  hotel  business 
there,  as  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Congress  Hall,  and 
also  owner  of  the  Hatliorn  Spring;  was  Supervisor 
for  Saratoga  four  years;  was  elected  Sheriff  of  the 
County  in  1853  and  1862,  serving  six  years;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  from  New  York; 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Hathorn,  John;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate  of  New  York  in  1787;  was  a  Representative  in 


Congress  from  New  York  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
again  from  1795  to  1797;  was  again  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1804;  during  the  latter  year  was  a 
Presidential  Elector. 

Hatton,  Frank ;  was  born  at  Cambridge,  Ohio, 
April  28,  1846;  in  early  boyhood  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Cadiz,  Ohio,  where  his  father  published 
the  Republican  newspaper;  in  1857  entered  his  father's 
office  as  an  apprentice;  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  in 
1861,  became  foreman  of  the  publishing  office;  in 
1863  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army;  in  1864  was  com 
missioned  a  First  Lieutenant;  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
in  1865,  settled  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa,  whence  his 
father  had  preceded  him,  and,  in  partnership  with 
his  father,  published  the  Journal  newspaper  there; 
in  1874  removed  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  purchased 
a  controlling  interest  in  the  Burlington  Hawkeyc,  and 
there  gained  a  national  reputation  as  a  political 
writer;  was  appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Post 
master  at  Burlington;  in  October,  1881,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Arthur,  First  Assistant  Post 
master-General  ;  on  the  appointment  of  Postmaster- 
General  Gresham  as  United  States  Circuit  Judge,  in 

1884,  Mr.  Hatton  was  promoted  to  the  vacancy  thus 
created,  and  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being,  with 
the  single  exception   of  Alexander  Hamilton,   the 
youngest  person  who  had  ever  held  a  Cabinet  office; 
on  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  in  March, 

1885,  resumed  the  profession  of  journalism  as  prin 
cipal  owner  and  editor  of  the  Mail,  at  Chicago,  Illi 
nois. 

Hatton,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Sumner  County, 
Tennessee,  in  1827;  graduated  at  Cambridge  Uni 
versity;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1849;  served  in  the  Tennessee  Legislature  in  1856; 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy  Department;  served  in 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Fair  Oaks,  before  Richmond,  in  1862. 

Haughey,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Glasgow, 
Scotland  in  1826;  emigrated  to  this  country  and  set 
tled  in  Alabama  in  1840,  where  he  received  a  clas 
sical  education;  studied  medicine  and  surgery,  and 
graduated  as  a  physician  in  New  Orleans  in  1858; 
served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the  army  of  the  United  States 
from  1862  to  1865;  was  subsequently  Staff'  Surgeon 
in  the  Military  Hospital  at  Chattanooga;  was  twice 
compelled  to  leave  his  home  on  account  of  his  devo 
tion  to  the  Union  cause;  was  a  Delegate,  in  1867,  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  and  in  Febru 
ary,  18C8,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings. 

Haun,  H.  P.;  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Ken 
tucky;  read  law  at  the  Transylvania  University,  of 
that  State,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839;  was 
for  a  time  Attorney  for  his  native  county;  removed 
to  Iowa  in  1845,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  Constitution  of  that  State  in 
1846;  removed  to  California  in  1850,  and  was  there 
elected  a  County  Judge;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  California,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  late  Mr.  Broderick,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  on  Territories.  Died 
at  Marysville,  California,  May  6,  1860. 

Haven,  Nathaniel  A.;  was  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1779;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1809  to  1811.  Died  in  March,  1831,  aged  sixty- 
nine  years. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


225 


Haven,  Solomon  &.',  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1857.  Died  at  Buffalo,  New  York,  De 
cember  24,  1861. 

Havens,  Harrison  B.;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Ohio,  December  15,  1837;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law  in  Illinois,  and  prac 
ticed  in  that  State  and  in  Iowa;  removed  to  Spring 
field,  Missouri  in  1867,  and  became  editor  of  the 
/  Springfield  Patriot;  returned  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
1873;  held  several  unimportant  civil  offices,  and 
served  for  a  short  time  as  Captain  in  the  army;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories. 

Havens,  Jonathan  N.;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1777,  and  was  for  nine  years  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  from  Suffolk  County,  and  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1799,  the  year 
of  his  death. 

Hawes,  Albert  GK;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1831  to  1837,  and  died 
in  Davis  County,  Kentucky,  April  14,  1849. 

Hawes,  Aylett ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1811  to  1817;  was  a  phy 
sician  by  profession,  and  died  in  Culpepper  County, 
Virginia,  August  31,  1833. 

Hawes,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Caroline  County, 
Virginia,  February  6,  1797;  removed,  with  his 
family  to  Kentucky  in  1810;  received  a  good  col 
legiate  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  was 
a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  1828,  1829 
and  1836,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1837  to  1841. 

Hawk,  Robert  M.  A.;  was  born  in  Hancock 
County,  Indiana,  April  23,  1839;  was  educated  at  the 
local  schools  and  at  Eureka  College,  Illinois;  removed 
to  Illinois;  served*  three  years  in  the  Union  Army, 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  Major;  was  Clerk  of  the  County  Court  of  Carroll 
County,  Illinois,  from  1865  to  1879,  by  successive 
elections;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 
Died  June  29,  1882. 

Hawkes,  James  ;  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1811  to  1823. 

Hawkins,  Alvin ;  was  a  resident  of  Hunting 
don,  Tennessee,  and  served  in  the  Senate  of  that 
State;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1881  to  1883. 

Hawkins,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Yates  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  August  15,  1754;  was  educated  at 
Princeton  College,  and  was  an  excellent  French 
scholar,  which  occasioned  his  becoming  a  personal 
friend  of  Washington,  that  he  might  act  as  inter 
preter  in  his  intercourse  with  the  French  officers 
of  his  army;  was  with  him  at  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth;  in  1780  was  chosen  Commercial  Agent  by  the 
Legislature  of  North  Carolina;  from  1781  to  1784, 
and  1786  to  1787,  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress;  as  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  under  the  Constitution, 
from  North  Carolina,  served  from  1789  to  1795;  hav 
ing  been  appointed,  by  President  Washington,  Agent 
for  Superintending  of  all  the  Indians  south  of  the 
Ohio,  retained  that  office  until  his  death,  having 
tendered  his  resignation,  without  its  being  accepted, 
to  each  successive  President  from  1796  to  1816.  He 
was  a  man  of  superior  abilities  and  lofty  character, 
and  left  behind  him  some  valuable  writings  on 

15 


Topography"  and   "  Indian  Character."      He  was 
one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Gov- 
xnment  on  the  Potomac.     Died  June  6,  1816. 

Hawkins,  Isaac  R.;  was  born  in  Maury  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  May  16,  1818;  served  as  a  Lieutenant 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  present  at  the  cap 
ture  of  Vera  Cruz;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Congress"  of 
1861;  was  in  1862  elected  a  Judge,  but  on  account  of 
the  war  was  not  commissioned;  from  1862  to  1865 
served  as  an  officer  in  the  Union  Army,  and  had 
command  of  the  Seventh  Tennessee  Cavalry;  was 
captured  by  Confederates  in  March,  1864,  and  con 
fined  in  two  different  prisons  in  Macon,  Georgia;  was 
one  of  the  fifty  officers  placed  under  the  fire  of  the 
Federal  guns  in  Charleston;  in  1865,  after  having 
been  mustered  out  was  commissioned  Chancellor  for 
the  Sixth  Division  of  Tennessee;  in  that  year  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  taking  his  seat  near  the 
close  of  the  first  session,  and  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia  and  the  Debts  of  Loyal  States; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs, 
and  Chairman  of  that  on  Mileage. 

Hawkins,  George  S.;  was  born  in  New  York, 
and  having  become  a  citizen  of  Florida,  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth 
Congresses  from  that  State,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Private  Land  Claims  and  on  Naval  Affairs; 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Select  Committee  of  Thir 
ty-three  on  the  Rebellious  States;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of 
1866. 

Hawkins,  Joseph;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1851. 

Hawkins,  Joseph  H;  was  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  from  1810  to  1813:  and  Speaker 
of  that  body  in  1812  and  1813;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  in  1814  and  1815. 

Hawkins,  M.  T.;  entered  public  life  in  1819  as  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  of  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1823  to 
1827;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1831  to  1841 ;  served  again  in  the  State 
Senate  in  1846;  was  also  at  one  time  a  General  of 
Militia. 

Hawkins,  Philemon ;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina,  December  3,  1752;  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  from  Bute  County  before  he  was  of  age,  and  rep 
resented  the  counties  of  Bute  and  Granville  for  thir 
teen  years,  with  but  two  years'  intermission ;  his  last 
term  was  at  Fayetteville  in  1789;  was  a  member  of  a 
troop  of  cavalry  at  the  battle  of  Allamance,  May  16, 
1771;  raised  the  first  Volunteer  company  in  Bute 
County  for  the  War  of  Independence;  in  1776  was 
elected  Colonel  of  a  Regiment,  and  in  that  capacity 
performed  much  service;  was  the  last  surviving  signer 
of  the  State  Constitution  of  North  Carolina;  in  1776 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the 
United  States  Constitution;  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council.  Died  at  Pleasant 
Hill,  Warren  County,  North  Carolina,  January  28, 
1833. 

Hawkins,  William ;  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
1805  and  was  Speaker;  took  an  active  part  in  the 
War  of  1812;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina  from 
1811  to  1814.  Died  about  that  time. 


226 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Hawley,  Cyrus  M.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Illinois;  was  appointed  from  that  State 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Utah,  residing  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

Hawley,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Fairfield  County 
Connecticut,  February  9,  1831;  Avent  to  Illinois  witl 
his  parents  when  quite  young;  studied  law,  and  or 
coming  to  the  bar  in  1852,  settled  at  Rock  Island;  it 
i856  was  elected  State's  Attorney,  serving  four  years 
in  1861  entered  the  Volunteer  Army,  and  as  a  Cap 
tain  took  an  active  part  in  the  battles  of  Forts  Henry 
and  Donaldson,  receiving  injuries  in  the  last  engage 
ment  which  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  retire  Iron 
military  duty  in  1862;  in  1865  was  appointed,  try 
President  Lincoln,  Postmaster  of  Rock  Island,  and 
removed  the  year  following  by  President  Johnson 
in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lauds  and  Freedmeu's  Affairs;  re-elected 
to  the  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was  Assistant  Sec 
retary  of  the  Treasury  from  December,  1877,  to  April, 
1880. 

Hawley,  Joseph. ;  was  born  in  Northampton, 
Massachusetts,  in  1724;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1742;  began  public  life  as  a  preacher,  but  devoted 
himself  to  the  law;  practiced  many  years  in  Hamp 
shire  County,  and  became  distinguished  as  a  lawyer 
and  politician,  and  an  advocate  of  American  liberty; 
from  1764  to  1776  held  a  seat  in  the  Legislature,  and 
was  a  member  of  all  the  important  Committees  ol 
the  time,  refusing  an  election  as  member  of  the  Coun 
cil;  in  1770  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Cor 
respondence;  in  1774  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
to  Consider  the  State  of  the  Country,  in  the  Provin 
cial  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  that  body  in 
1775;  continued  a  member  of  the  General  Court  as 
long  as  health  would  permit;  was  an  opponent  of 
Jonathan  Edwards,  and  effected  his  removal  from 
Northampton,  but  afterwards  became  his  warm  advo 
cate,  and  in  1760  wrote  a  remarkable  letter  deploring 
the  part  he  had  originally  taken  against  him.  Died 
in  Northampton,  May  10,  1788. 

Hawley,  Joseph  Bos-well ;  was  born  at  Stew- 
artsville,  North  Carolina,  October  31,  1826;  removed 
to  Connecticut  in  1837;  graduated  at  Hamilton  Col 
lege,  New  York,  in  1847;  studied  law  at  Cazenovia, 
New  York,  and  Farmington,  Connecticut;  commenced 
practice  at  Hartford,  September  1,  1850;  became  edi 
tor  of  the  Hartford  Evening  Press  in  1857;  enlisted  in 
th?,  First  Regiment  Connecticut  Volunteers,  1861, 
and  was  commissioned  a  Captain ;  served  three  months,' 
and  engaged  in  recruiting  the  Seventh  Connecticut 
Volunteers,  in  which  he  was  commissioned  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel;  became  Colonel  in  1862,  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  in  1864,  brevetted  Major-General  in  1865,  and 
mustered  out  in  1866;  was  elected  Governor  of  Con 
necticut  in  1866,  holding  the  office  one  year;  returned 
to  journalism  as  editor  of  the  Hartford  Courant;  was 
President  of  the  National  Republican  Convention  in 
1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress  to 
succeed  James  L.  Strong,  deceased,  in  1873;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Centennial  Exhibition  ;  was  made 
President  of  the  Centennial  Commission;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from 
<  onnecticut  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4 
1881. 

Haws,  J.  H.  Hobart;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 


Hay,  Andrew  K.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
having  become  a  resident  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1851. 

Hay,  G-eorge;  was  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  Virginia  Legislature;  was  for  many  years  United 
States  Attorney,  in  which  capacity  he  was  the  prose 
cutor  of  Aaron  Burr;  was  subsequently  Judge  of  the 
United.  States  Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Vir 
ginia;  his  political  writings,  signed  "  Hortensius," 
gave  him  some  celebrity;  he  wrote  a  treatise  against 
the  Usury  Laws,  "Life  of  John  Thompson,"  and  a 
treatise  on  Emigration  in  1814.  Died  in  Richmond, 
September,  1830. 

Hay,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Belleville,  Illinois, 
January  8,  1834;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  worked  on  a  farm,  and  then  in  a  printing- 
office;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was,  for 
eight  years,  a  District  Attorney  for  the  State;  served 
in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Rebellion;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions 
and  the  Post  Office.  , 

Hay,  Malcolm  ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1842;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  in  1859  removed  to  Missouri  and  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1862  began  the 
study  of  law  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  there  in  1865  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law:  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his 
profession ;  became  Presidentof  the  Mercantile  Library 
Association,  of  Pittsburg;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Dollar 
Savings  Bank;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1872;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Delegation  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  in  1880;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  in  1884;  in  March,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  First  Assistant 
Postmaster-General;  resigned  in  July  of  t^e  same 
year  on  account  of  ill-health.  Died  October  20,  1885. 

Hayden,  Ed-ward  Daniel ;  was  born  at  Cam- 
Bridge,  Massachusetts,  December  27,  1833;  was  edu- 
ated  at  Lawrence  Academy,  Groton,  Massachusetts, 
md  at  Harvard  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1854; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced 
aw  until  1862,  when  he  entered  the  United  States 
Navy  as  Assistant  Paymaster;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  of  Massachusetts  in 
1880,  1881,  and  1882;  settled  at  Woburn,  Massachu 
setts;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress.  ' 

Hayden,  Moses ;  was  born  in  Hampshire 
'ounty,  Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Williams  Col- 
ege  in  1804;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Senate  in  1829  and  1830,  and  a  Representative  in 
'ongress  from  New  York,  from  1823  to  1827.  Died 
ebruary  14,  1830,  aged  forty-four  years. 

Hayes,  Philip  C. ;  was  born  at  Granby,  Connec- 
icut,  February  3,  1833;  removed,  with  his  father's 
amily,  to  La  Salle  County,  Illinois,  the  same  year; 
>assed  his  childhood  and  youth  on  a  farm;  grad- 
lated  at  Oberlin  College,  Ohio,  in  1860;  entered 
he  Union  Army  in  1861  as  a  private,  and  served 
hroughout  the  war,  rising  to  the-  rank  of  Colonel, 
md  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  after  the  close  of  the 
var  became  a  journalist;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Na- 
ional  Republican  Convention  in  1872;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con- 
;rcss;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 


BIOGEAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


227 


Hayes,  Rutherford  B.;  was  born  in  Delaware, 
Ohio,  October  4,  1822 ;  graduated  at  Kenyon  College, 
Ohio,  and  at  the  Law  School  of  Cambridge;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  City  Solicitor  of  Cin 
cinnati  from  1858  to  1861;  Major  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Ohio  Volunteers  in  1861; 
Colonel  of  the  same  from  1862  to  1864,  when  he  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General;  during  the  same  year 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Library;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress; 
resigned  in  the  summer  of  1867,  and  was  soon  after 
wards  elected  Governor  of  Ohio;  in  1868  the  degree 
ofLL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Gambier  Col 
lege;  in  1875,  after  a  severe  contest,  was  again 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio,  the  opposing  candidate 
being  William  Allen,  who,  as  Governor,  had  recently 
appointed  him  a  Commissioner  to  the  Centennial; 
was  President  of  the  United  States  from  1877  to 
1881. 

Hayes,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Haymond,  Thomas  S.;  was  born  in  Virginia, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1851. 

Haymond,  W.  S.;  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Virginia,  February  20,  1823;  gained  his  education 
mostly  by  his  own  industry,  with  some  instruction 
at  the  common  schools;  in  this  way  mastered  the 
higher  branches  of  mathematics;  taught  school  for 
two  years,  also  devoted  some  time  to  civil  engineer 
ing;  studied  medicine,  and  removed  to  Indiana  in 
1851,  and  became  successful  in  his  profession;  in 
1831  entered  the  army  as  a  Surgeon,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1863 ;  defeated  for  the  State  Senate  in 
1866;  was  elected  President  of  the  Indianapolis, 
Delphi  and  Chicago  Railroad  Company  in  1872,  1873, 
and  1874;  and  was  the  projector  of  a  railroad  from 
Chicago  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  elected 
President  of  the  company  in  1873;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
fjurth  Congress. 

Hayne,  Arthur  P.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  March  12,  1790;  received  a  good  edu 
cation,  and  commenced  active  life  in  a  counting- 
house;  early  formed  an  attachment  for  military  life, 
and  on  entering  the  army,  rendered  good  service  dur 
ing  the  last  war  with  England  at  Sackett's  Habor,  as 
First  Lieutenant;  on  the  St.  Lawrence  as  Major  of 
Cavalry;  in  the  Creek  Nation  as  Inspector-General, 
and  also  at  the  storming  of  Peusacola  and  at  New 
Orleans;  after  the  war  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Pennsylvania;  during  the  Florida  war 
was  again  called  into  the  field,  and  had  command  of 
the  Tennessee  Volunteers,  and  after  receiving  three 
brevets,  retired  from  the  army  in  1820;  subsequently 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina,  and  was 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1828,  voting  for 
Jackson;  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States 
Senate  from  South  Carolina  in  May,  1858,  in  the 
place  of  J.  J.  Evans.  Died  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  January  7,  1867.  His  brother,  E.  Y. 
Hayne,  was  also  a  Senator  in  Congress. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.;  was  born  near  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  November  10,  1791;  his  early  advan 
tages  of  education  were  limited;  studied  law  with 
Langdon  Cheves,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before 
he  was  twenty -one  years  of  age,  attaining  high  rank 
as  a  lawyer;  in  the  war  of  1812  held  the  commission 


of  Lieutenant;  in  1814  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  in  1818  Speaker,  and  was  also  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1823,  and  continued  thereuntil  1832,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs; 
in  1832,  as  a  member  of  the  "Union  and  State  Rights 
Convention"  of  South  Carolina,  reported  the  Ordi 
nance  of  Nullification,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
elected  Governor  of  the  State,  serving  until  1834;  was 
subsequently  Mayor  of  Charleston,  and  President  of 
the  Charleston,  Louisville,  and  Cincinnati  Railroad 
Company.  Died  at  Ashville,  North  Carolina.  Sep 
tember  24,  1839.  His  abilities  were  of  a  high  order, 
and  he  acquired  distinction  by  his  participation  in  a 
debate  in  the  Senate  with  Daniel  Webster. 

Haynes,  Charles  E.,  was  born  in  Brunswick, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1835  to 
1839. 

Haynes,  Martin  A. ;  was  born  at  Springfield, 
New  Hampshire,  July  30,  1845;  received  a  common 
school  education;  adopted  the  occupation  of  a  printer; 
served  three  years  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
Civil  War;  in  1868  established  the  Lake  Village  Times; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1872  and  1873;  Clerk  of  the  State  Supreme 
Court  for  Belknap  County  from  1876  to  1883;  Presi 
dent  of  the  New  Hampshire  Veteran  Association  in 
1880  and  1881;  Department  Commander  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  in  1881  and  1882;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth 
Congress. 

Hays,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Alabama,  February  2,  1834;  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia  and  the  University  of  Virginia; 
devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  was  one 
of  the  largest  planters  in  Alabama;  elected  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  Alabama  in  1867,  and 
was  one  of  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  of  that 
State;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  Alabama  in 
1868;  and  while  a  member  was  elected  to  the  Fortv- 
first  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Af 
fairs,  and  Cha~irman  of  that  on  Agriculture. 

Hays,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  September  10,  1840;  removed,  Avith 
his  parents,  to  Wisconsin  in  1847;  attended  the  public 
schools,  the  parish  school  at"  Delafield,  Wisconsin, 
and  the  Wisconsin  State  University,  until  1860;  in. 
1861  began  the  study  of  the  law  at  Horicon.  Wiscon 
sin;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865;  was  Clerk  of 
Courts  for  Dodge  County,  Wisconsin,  from  1863  to 
1867;  was  District  Attorney  for  Dodge  County  for 
eight  years;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Secre 
tary  of  State  of  Wisconsin  in  1877;  in  July,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Idaho. 

Hays,  L.  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Hayt,  Ezra  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York;  was 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Afl'airs,  in  the  Department 
of  the  Interior,  from  September,  1877,  to  March, 
1880. 

Hayward,  Elijah  ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
and  in  1830  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Laud  Office  in  Washington,  holding  the  posi 
tion  six  years. 


228 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Haywood,  William  H.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Wake 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1801;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1819;  studied  law 
entered  public  life  as  a  member  of  the  Houseof  Com 
mons  in  1834,  continuing  there  three  years;  in  1836 
was  Speaker  of  the  House;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1843  to  1846. 

Hazard,  Ebenezer  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1745;  graduated  at  the  New  Jersey 
College  in  1762;  was  the  last  Postmaster-General 
under  the  old  Government,  having  served  as  such 
from  1782  to  1789:  was  the  author  of  two  volumes  of 
Historical  Collections,  and  also  of  a  Report  on  the 
Western  Indians.  Died  in  Philadelphia.  June  13. 
1817. 

Hazard,  Jonathan ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Rhode 
Island  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1787  and  1788. 

Hazard,  Nathaniel;  was  born  in  Newport, 
Rhode  Island;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1792;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  1821.  Died  December  18, 
1820,  in  Washington  City. 

Hazeltine,  Abner ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1829  and  1830;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837. 

Hazeltine,  Ira  S.;  was  born  at  Andover,  Ver 
mont,  July  13,  1821;  received  a  common  school  and 
academic  education;  taught  school  in  Wisconsin  for 
three  years;  studied  law;  engaged  in  various  enter 
prises  for  developing  the  resources  of  that  State;  was 
commissioned  a  Colonel  of  State  troops  in  1852;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1867;  in  1870  removed  to  Missouri  and  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Hazelton,  Gaorge  O.;  was  born  in  Chester, 
New  Hampshire,  January  3,  1833;  graduated  at 
Union  College,  New  York,  in  1858;  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  settled  in  Boscobel,  Wis 
consin,  in  1863;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in 
1864  and  re-elected  in  1866;  was  elected  State  Sena 
tor  in  1867,  and  chosen  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Sen 
ate;  re-elected  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Hazelton,  Gerry  W.;  was  born  in  Chester, 
New  Hampshire,  February  24,  1829;  was  educated  at 
the  Pinkerton  Academy,  New  Hampshire,  and  was  a 
private  tutor  there;  studied  law  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1856;  was  electeH  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1860,  and  twice  chosen  President  pro  tern.; 
elected  District  Attorney  in  Columbia  County;  was 
appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1866,  and 
removed;  was  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for 
the  District  of  Wisconsin  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  War  Claims,  Elections,  and  the 
Navy  Department. 

Hazelton,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Mullica  Hill, 
New  Jersey,  December  10,  1819;  attended  the  high 
school  at  Burlington;  was  a  practical  farmer;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention  at 
Chicago  in  1868;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  that 
year;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Hazen,  Abraham  D.;  was  born  at  Centreville, 
Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  24,' 
1841;  was  prepared  for  college  by  a  private  tutor; 


graduated  from  Lafayette  College,  at  Easton,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1863;  in  August,  1866,  was  appointed  a 
first-class  clerk  in  the  Post  Office  Department,  at 
Washington  City;  was  successively  promoted  to  a 
clerkship  of  the  second  class  in  March,  1868;  of  the 
third  class  in  July,  1869,  and  of  the  fourth  class, 
with  an  assignment  as  Acting  Chief  of  the  Stamp 
Division,  in  May,  1870;  in  April,  1872,  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Grant,  a  member  of  the  Civil  Ser 
vice  Examining  Board  of  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment;  in  July,  1874,  was  appointed  Chief  of  the 
Stamp  Division  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  being 
the  first  person  to  hold  that  office;  in  July,  1877,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Third  Assistant 
Postmaster-General;  studied  law  while  serving  in  the 
Department,  and  in  June,  1877,  graduated  from  the 
Law  Department  of  the  Columbian  University,  at 
Washington  City;  in  July,  1877,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
but  never  practiced  law;  in  1884,  without  resigning  his 
post  in  the  Post  Office  Department,  was  a  member  of 
the  Government  Board  of  the  New  Orleans  Exposi 
tion,  by  appointment  of  President  Arthur. 

Hazzard,  David;  was  Governor  of  Delaware 
from  1830  to  1833. 

Head,  Natt ;  was  born  at  Hooksett,  New  Hamp 
shire,  May  20,  1828;  received  a  common  school  and 
partial  academic  education;  at  an  early  age  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  bricks  and  in  the  lumber  busi 
ness,  in  which  he  became  very  successful;  was  a 
Director  in  several  banks  and  railroads;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1861  and  1862; 
was  Adjutant-General,  Inspector-General,  and  Quar 
termaster-General  of  the  State  from  1863  to  1870, 
rendering  most  efficient  service;  was  defeated  for  the 
State  Senate  in  1875;  was  State  Senator  in  1876  and 
1877,  and  was  President  of  the  Senate  in  the  latter 
year;  was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1878 
to  1880.  Died  at  Hooksett,  November  12,  1883. 

Healy,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Cheshire,  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  1825  to  1829,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  was 
also  a  State  Counselor  from  1829  to  1832,  and  State 
Senator  in  1824.  Died  at  Washington,  New  Hamp 
shire,  October  10,  1861,  aged  eighty-five  years. 

Heard,  John  T. ;  was  born  at  Georgetown,  Pettis 
County,  Missouri;  was  educated  at  the  common 
sehools  of  Pettis  County  and  at  the  State  University 
at  Columbia,  Missouri,  graduating  from  the  Univers 
ity  in  1860;  read  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Sedalia,  Missouri ; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  of  Missouri  in 
1872;  in  1861  was  elected,  without  opposition,  a  State 
Senator,  and  served  four  years;  in  1881  was  em 
ployed  by  the  Fund  Commissioners  of  the  State  to 
prosecute  and  adjust  all  claims  of  the  State  against 
the  General  Government;  resigned  that  position  on 
being  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hearst,  George  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Missouri,  September  3,  1820;  received  a  public  school 
education;  passed  his  early  manhood  on  his  father's 
:'arm;  in  1850  went  to  California,  where  he  worked 
in  the  mines  and  located  and  purchased  mining  prop 
erty;  engaged  in  mining,  stock-raising  and  farming; 
in  1865  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Califor 
nia  State  Legislature;  in  1885  the  Democrats  who 
were  in  the  minority  in  the  State  Legislature,  gave 
him  their  unanimous  vote  for  United  States  Senator; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


on  March  23,  1886,  Avas  appointed,  by  the  Governor, 
United  States  Senator  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  John  F.  Miller. 

Heath,  James  E.;  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1850 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  holding 
the  oflice  until  1853. 

Heath,  James  P.;  was  born  in  Delaware,  De 
cember  21,  1777;  in  1799  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant 
in  the  Regiment  of  Artillerists  and  Engineers,  which 
he  resigned  in  1802;  was  Register  in  Chancery  at 
Annapolis  at  the  commencement  of  the  War  of  1812; 
served  through  the  whole  war  as  Aid-de-camp  to 
General  Winder;  in  1838  was  wrecked  on  the  steamer 
Pula»ki,  and  spent  live  days  and  nights  afloat  upon  a 
piece  of  the  wreck;  when  nineteen  years  of  age 
fought  a  duel  with  John  Knight,  and  received  a* 
wound,  from  which  the  ball  was  never  extracted; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland 
from  1833  to  1835,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce.  Died  in  Georgetown,  District 
of  Columbia,  June  12,  1854. 

Heath,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1797. 

Heath,  Upton  S.;  was  a  native  of  Maryland; 
reccive.l  a  liberal  education;  several  of  his  kinsmen 
were  prominent  in  public  life,  and  he  himself  held 
various  local  offices  connected  with  the  profession  of 
the  law;  was  for  many  years  United  States  Judge  for 
the  District  of  Maryland. 

Heaton,  David;  was  born  in  Butler  County, 
Ohio,  March  10,  1823;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1855 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Senate;  in  1857  removed  to 
Minnesota;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  that  State: 
was  twice  re-elected;  in  1863  removed  to  Newbern, 
North  Carolina,  where  he  held  a  position  under  the 
Treasury  Department;  in  1867  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in  18(J8 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Census;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  that  on  Coinage,  Weights,  and  Measures. 
Died  in  Washington,  June  25,  1870.  His  last  words 
•were — "  God  bless  the  colored  people." 

Hebard,  William;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
settled  in  Vermont;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1849  to  1853,  was 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  1842  to  U845; 
Judge  of  Probate  for  seven  years;  served  seven  years 
in  the  two  Houses  of  the  Legislature;  was  two  years 
Attorney  for  Orange  County. 

Heflin,  Robert  S.;  was  born  in  Madison, 
Georgia,  April  15,  1815;  received  a  good  education; 
served  in  the  Creek  War  in  1836;  was  elected  Clerk 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  Fayette  County  in  1836,  and 
re-elected  in  1838;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1840;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1840 
and  1841 ;  removed  to  Randolph  County,  Georgia,  in 
1844;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1849,  and 
1860;  was  a  Union  man  during  the  war  of  the  Re 
bellion,  and  in  1864,  was  compelled  to  leave  his  home 
to  save  his  life,  passing  through  the  lines  to  the 
Union  Army  at  Rome,  Georgia,  accompanying  Gen 
eral  Sherman's  command  to  Savannah;  was  appointed 
Judge  of  Probate  in  1865,  and  subsequently  elected 
to  that  office,  which  he  held  until  the  State  was  ad 
mitted  into  the  Union;  was  a  Republican  Elector 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
several  Committees. 


Heilman,  "William ;  was  born  at  Albig,  Rhein- 
rlessen,  Germany,  October  11,  1824;  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1843  and  settled  at  Evansville,  Indi 
ana;  became  President  of  a  large  cotton  mill,  and 
owner  of  other  manufacturing  establishments  there; 
served  six  years  in  the  City  Council;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1870;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1876;  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Repub 
lican  National  Convention  of  that  year;  resigned  his 

eat  in  the  State  Senate  in  1879,  having  been  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con- 

ress. 

Heister,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Berks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1747;  received  a  good  English  edu 
cation;  became  a  thorough  business  man;  settled  in 
Montgomery  County,  where  he  was  active  during  the 
Revolution,  being  Colonel,  and  afterwards  Brigadier- 
General  of  the  Militia,  and  in  service;  in  1784  was 
elected  to  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1787  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  of 
the  Connecticut  Land  Claims;  was  a  member  of  the 
First,  Second,  Third,  and  Fourth  Congresses,  from 
Pennsylvania;  after  this  removed  to  Hagerstown, 
Maryland;  was  elected  from  that  State  a  member  of 
the  Seventh  and  Eighth  Congresses.  Died  at  Wash 
ington,  March  8,  1804.  He  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac. 

Heister,  Daniel;  son  of  John  Heister;  suc 
ceeded  his  father  in  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the 
Eleventh  Congress. 

Heister,  John;  brother  of  Colonel  Daniel 
Heister;  was  born  April  9,  1746;  was  a  member  of 
the  Tenth  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania.  Died  Oc 
tober  15,  1821. 

Heister,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Bern  Township, 
Berks  County,  November  18,  1752;  was  brought  up 
to  conduct  a  farm  and  a  store;  inheriting  a  good 
fortune,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  equipped 
a  company  himself,  with  which  he  joined  the  army; 
became  a  Colonel;  was  a  prisoner  in  the  Jersey 
prison-ship,  where  he  exercised  a  liberal  generosity 
in  alleviating  the  sufferings  of  his  fellow-prisoners; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  of  1776;  served  five  years  in  the  House 
and  four  in  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1790;  was  a  member  from  Pennsylvania  of  the  Fifth, 
Sixth,  Seventh,  Eighth,  and  Ninth  Congresses;  in 
1807  was  appointed  one  of  the  two  Major-Generals  to 
command  the  Pennsylvania  contingent,  called  for  by 
the  President.  After  this  he  retired  from  public  life, 
but  in  1814  his  old  constituency  of  Berks  again 
elected  him  to  the  Fourteenth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  him  to  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Con 
gresses;  in  1817  ran  for  Governor  unsuccessfully,  but 
three  years  afterwards  was  elected,  and  served  in 
that  office  until  1823,  with  great  credit  for  a  wise  and 
honest  administration  of  public  affairs.  Declining 
all  solicitations  to  the  contrary,  he  now  finally  re 
tired  from  office,  and  spent  the  serene  evening  of  an 
honorable  life  in  the  midst  of  the  people  who  loved 
him.  Died  at  Reading,  June  10,  1832. 

Heister,  "William ;  nephew  of  John  and  of  Col 
onel  Daniel  Heister;  was  born  in  Bern  Township, 
Berks  County;  established  himself  in  Lancaster 
County,  where  he  cultivated  a  farm,  and  by  his  in 
dustry,  honesty,  and  good  sense,  recommended  him 
self  to  the  popular  regard;  was  a  member  of  the 
Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fourth  Congresses,  of  the 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Convention  of   1837*  to  revise  the  Constitution  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  State  Senate.     Died  Octo 
her  15,  1853,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Helm,  John Larue  ;  was  born  in  Hardin  County, 
Kentucky,  July  4,  1802;  when  a  lad  was  employed 
in  the  office  of  the  Circuit  Clerk;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  was  made  County  Attorney; 
in  1826  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  State,  and  was  a  member  of  that  body  eleven 
years;  was  elected  State  Senator  from  1844  to  1S4B, 
and  from  1865  to  1869;  resigned  in  1867  to  run  for 
Governor;  presided  in  the  Legislature  seven  yea 
was  elected  lieutenant-Governor  in  1848;  and  was 
Governor  from  1850  to  1852;  in  1854  was  made  Pres 
ident  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad;  in 
1867  ill-health  prevented  his  being  inaugurated  at 
Frankfort,  and  the  ceremony  was  performed  at 
residence  in  Elizabethtown,  September  3,  where 
died  September  8,  1867. 

Helmick,  William;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County  Ohio,  September  6,  1817;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education,  and  taught  school  for  seven 
years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1845;  in  1851  was  elected  a  Prosecuting  Attorney; 
in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  ol 
the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  sub 
sequently  accepted  a  Chief  Clerkship  in  the  Interior 
Department. 

Helms,  "William ;  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  Army;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1801  to  1811;  removing  to 
Tennessee,  died  there  at  an  advanced  age. 

Hemphill,  John;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Texas,  from  1859  until  that  State  seceded,  when 
he  became  identified  with  the  great  Rebellion;  ex 
pelled  from  the  Senate  July  10,  1861. 

Hemphill,  John  J.;  was  born  at  Chester,  South 
Carolina,  August  25,  1849;  received  his  early  educa 
tion  at  the  schools  of  Chester,  and  graduated  from 
the  South  Carolina  University  in  1869;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870;  commenced 
practice  at  Chester  in  1871;  was  an  unsuccessful 
Candidate  for  the  State  Assembly  in  1874;  in  1876 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878  and  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the 
Forty -eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Hemphill,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Delaware  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  leading  member  of  the  old 
Federal  party;  was  a  Representative  iu  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1801  to  1803,  again  from  1819  to 
1827,  and  from  1829  to  1831;  distinguished  himself 
particularly  by  a  speech  on  the  Judiciary  Bill  in 
1801;  was  for  some  time  Judge  of  the  District  Court 
of  Philadelphia.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  May  29, 
1842,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Hempstead,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  New  Lon 
don,  Connecticut,  June  3,  1780;  received  a  classical 
education  from  private  tutors,  and  having  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1801;  after  spend 
ing  'three  years  in  Rhode  Island  practicing  his  pro 
fession,  removed,  in  1804,  to  the  Territory  of  Louis 
iana,  traveling  on  horseback,  and  tarrying  for  a  time 
at  Vincennes,  Indiana  Territory;  first  settled  at  St. 
Charles,  on  the  Missouri  River,  but  in  1805  removed 
to  St.  Louis,  where  he  afterwards  resided;  in  1806 
was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  for  the  Dis 


trict  of  St.  Louis  and  St.  Charles,  and  in  1809  Attor 
ney-General  for  the   Territory  of  Upper  Louisiana, 
which  office  he  held  until  1811;  was  the  first  Dele 
gate  to  Congress  from  the  western  side  of  the  Missis 
sippi   River,  representing    Missouri  Territory   from! 
1811  to  1814;  after  his  service  in  Congress,  went  upon, 
several  expeditions  against  the  Indians;  was  elected! 
to  the  Territorial  Assembly,  and  chosen  Speaker;  died 
August  10,  1817.     He  was  a  man  of  ability,  pure  and 
without  reproach,  and  his  loss  was  deeply  lamented 
by  all  who  knew  him. 

Hempstead,  Stephen  ;  was  Governor  of  lowap 
from  1850  to  1854.  Died  February  16,  1883. 

Hemsley,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782  to  1784. 

Hendee,  George  Whitman;  was  born  in 
Stow,  Vermont,  November  30,  1832 ;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar;  was  Prosecuting  attorney  in  1858;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1861 
and  1862;  of  the  State  Senate  in  186(>,  1807,  and 
1868,  and  President  pro  tern,  the  last  year;  was  Lieu 
tenant-Governor  of  Vermont  in  1869;  was  Governor, 
in  1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  in  the  former  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Henderson,  Archibald ;  was  born  in  Granville 
County,  North  Caroliua,  August  7,  1768;  was  edu 
cated  in  his  native  county;  studied  law,  and  rose  to 
a  high  position  at  the  bar  of  his  State;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799 
to  1803;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  General  As 
sembly  for  several  terms.  Died  October  21,  1822. 

Henderson,  Bennett  H.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817. 

Henderson,  David  B.;  was  born  at  Old  Deer, 

Aberdeenshire,  Scotland,  March  14,  1840;  emigrated, 
with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1846,  lo 
cating  in  Illinois;  settled  permanently  in  Iowa  in 
1849;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the 
Upper  Iowa  University;  entered  the  Union  Army 
a  private  iu  1861  and  served  with  distinction,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  several  times  wounded, 
losing  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Corinth;  was,  for  a  time, 
Commissioner  of  Enrollment  for  the  Third  District 
of  Iowa;  was  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  from  1865 
to  1869,  when  he  resigned  to  engage  in  the  practice 
of  law,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865;  in 
1869  and  1870  was  Assistant  United  States  District 
Attorney;  was  Chairman  of  the  Iowa  delegation  in 
the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1880;  was 
Secretary  of  the  Republican  Congressional  Commit 
tee  in  1832;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Henderson,  John;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;, 
a  General  of  Militia  in  Mississippi;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1839  to  1845;  during  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  practiced  his  profession  in. 
Louisiana;  after  his  service  in  Congress,  was  engaged 
in  an  unlawful  expedition  against  Cuba,  for  which 
he  was  tried,  but  acquitted  by  a  New  Orleans  jury. 
Died  at  Pass  Christian,  in  1857,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

Henderson,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Virginia, 
November  16,  1826:  in  1836  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  Missouri;  spent  a  part  of  his  boyhood  on  » 
farm;  while  obtaining  an  academic  ednc  ition,  taught 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


231 


school  for  his  support;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1848;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  re-elected  in  1856,  and  in  the  same  year 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector;  also  in  1860;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Convention  in  1860;  com 
manded  for  a  time  a  Brigade  of  Militia;  on  the  ex 
pulsion  of  Trusten  Polk  from  the  United  States 
Senate,  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and  in 
1863  was  elected  for  the  full  term  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post  Office  and 
Post  Roads;  and  those  on  the  District  of  Columbia, 
Finance,  Expenses  of  the  Senate,  Foreign  Relations, 
and  Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs;  was  also  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  hostile  tribes  of  Indians  in  1867;  in  1875  was  ap 
pointed  to  assist  the  District  Attorney  at  St.  Louis  to 
prosecute  certain  men  who  had  conspired  to  defraud 
the  Government,  when  he  reflected  on  the  President 
in  severe  language,  and  was  at  once  removed. 

Henderson,  John  H.  D.;  was  born  in  Salem, 
Livingston  County,  Kentucky,  July  23,  1810;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  education;  commenced  active 
life  by  adopting  the  trade  of  a  printer;  was  subse 
quently  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel,  and  for  several 
years  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits;  in  1864 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Pacific  Railroad,  Mines  and  Mining,  Indian  Af 
fairs,  and  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Death  of 
President  Lincoln. 

Henderson,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
Rowan  county,  North  Carolina,  January  6,  1846,  and 
always  resided  there;  was  prepared  for  College  at  a 
private  institute,  and  entered  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  January,  1862;  pursued  his  studies 
there  until  1864,  when  he  entered  the  Confederate 
Army,  and  served  as  a  private  until  the  close  of  the 
Civil  War;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1866;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Salis 
bury;  was  Register  of  Deeds  for  Rowan  County  from 
1866  to  1868,  when  he  resigned;  in  1871  was  elected 
a  Delegate-to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention, 
and  again  in  1875;  in  1876  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1877  was  elected,  by 
the  General  Assembly,  a  Trustee  of  the  University 
of  North  Carolina,  and  held  the  office  for  eight  years; 
was  a  Director  in  the  Western  North  Carolina  Rail 
road  Company  from  1877  to  1880;  in  1879  was 
elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1880  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention;  in  1883  was 
appointed  a  Director  of  the  Western  Insane  Asylum 
of  the  State,  and  held  the  position  until  1884;  in  the 
latter  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Henderson,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837. 

Henderson,  J.  Pinckney ;  was  born  in  Lincoln 
County,  North  Carolina,  March  31,  1808;  received  a 
liberal  education,  but  did  not  graduate;  adopted  the 
law  as  a  profession,  first  visiting  Cuba  for  his  health, 
and  settling  in  Mississippi;  emigrated  to  Texas  in 
1836;  his  firstcivil  oflQcewas  that  of  Attorney-General 
of  the  Republic  of  Texas,  having  been  appointed  by 
Presideut  Houston  in  1836;  in  1837  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  Republic;  soon  afterwards 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  England  and  France, 
clothed  with  the  additional  powers  of  Commissioner 
to  solicit  the  recognition  of  the  independence  ol 
Texas;  in  1838  made  a  commercial  arrangement  with 
England,  and,  in  1839,  a  commercial  treaty  with 
France;  in  1884  was  appointed  a  Special  Minister  to 


ihe  United  States,  which  mission  resulted  in  the  an 
nexation  of  Texas;  in  1845  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  Slate 
of  Texas;  in  November  of  the  same  year  was  elected 
Governor  of  that  State;  when  the  Mexican  war  broke 
out  in  1846,  as  Governor  of  the  State,  and  by  per 
mission  of  the  Legislature,  he  took  command  in  per 
son  of  the  volunteer  troops  called  for  by  General 
Taylor,  served  six  months  as  Major-General,  and 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Monterey,  sub 
sequently  receiving  from  Congress,  for  his  services, 
a  vote  of  thanks  and  a  sword  valued  at  fifteen  hun 
dred  dollars;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Texas,  but,  owing  to  ill-health,  did  not 
take  an  active  part  in  its  proceedings.  Died  in 
Washington  City,  June  4,  1858,  deeply  lamented  by 
all  who  knew  him. 

Henderson,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1814  to  1815,  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Jonathan  Roberts. 

Henderson,  Thomas ;  was  a  graduate  of  Prince 
ton  College  in  1761 ;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas;  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1779  to  1780;  was  a  Representative  from  New 
Jersey  in  Congress,  under  the  Constitution,  from 
1795  to  1797;  was  once  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of  that 
State. 

Henderson,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Browns 
ville,  Haywood  County,  Tennessee,  November  29, 
1824;  in  1836  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Illinois; 
received  an  academic  education,  and  spent  one  year 
at  the  University  of  Iowa;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  from  1847  to  1849  was  a  Clerk  for  County 
Commissions;  served  four  years  as  the  Clerk  of  the 
County;  was  a  Master  in  Chancery;  in  1854  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1856  was  chosen 
a  Senator,  serving  four  years;  raised  a  regiment  of 
volunteers  in  1862,  of  which  he  became  Colonel; 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  for  a  consider 
able  time  had  command  of  a  brigade;  in  1864  was 
severely  wounded  at  Resaca;  was  brevetted  a  Briga 
dier-General,  in  1865,  for  services  in  Georgia  and 
Tennessee;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  18G8;  in 
1871  was  appointed  a  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue, 
holding  the  office  two  years;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Henderson,  "William  F.;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Cleveland,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  for  the  term  of 
four  years;  resided  at  Santa  Fe. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  in  Muskin- 
gum  County,  Ohio,  September  7,  1819;  was  edu^/^d 
at  South  Hanover  College;  studied  law,  and  com 
pleted  his  legal  studies  at  Chambersburg,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  IS  13;  settled  in  Indiana,  and  practiced  his 
professioi.  with  success,  in  1848  was  chosen  to  the 
State  Legislature;  declined  a  re-election;  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Indiana  "Constitutional  Con 
vention  "  of  1850;  Avas  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Indiana  from  1851  to  1855;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Pierce,  in  1855,  Commissioner  of  the  Gen 
eral  Land  Office,  in  which  lie  was  continued  by 
President  Buchanan  until  1859,  when  he  resigned; 
was  subsequently  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1 863  and  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Claims,  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds,  the  Judiciary,  Public  Lands  and 


232 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Naval  Affairs;  in  1872  received  a  majority  of  the 
Democratic  votes  for  the  office  of  President  of  the 
United  States;  in  1876  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  Vice-President  of  the  United  States;  in  1884  was 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  United  States.  Died 
November  24,  1885. 

Hendricks,  William ;  was  born  in  Westmore 
land  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1783;  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Madison,  Indiana,  having  removed 
there  in  1814;  during  his  residence  in  that  State  filled 
many  high  and  important  offices;  was  Secretary  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  present  Constitution  of 
the  State;  was  the  first  and  sole  Representative  of 
Indiana  in  Congress  from  1816  to  1822;  was  Governor 
of  the  State  from  1822  to  1825,  when  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  and  served  until 
1837;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and 
Canals.  Died  in  Madison,  May  16,  1850. 

Henkle,  Eli  Jones;  was  born  in  Baltimore 
County,  Maryland,  November  24,  1828;  received  an 
academic  education;  taught  school  three  years; 
studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Maryland  in  1850;  devoted  himself  to  his  profession 
and  to  agricultural  pursuits;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Delegates  of  Maryland  in  1853;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1864;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1867, 1868, 
and  1870;  re-elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  in 
1871  and  1873;  in  1872  was  Delegate  to  the  National 
Democratic  Convention;  was  one  year  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Natural  History  in  the 
Maryland  Agricultural  College,  which  position  he 
resigned  in  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress ;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty -sixth  Congresses. 

Henley,  Barclay  ;  was  born  in  Clark  County, 
Indiana,  March  17,  1842;  at  the  age  of  ten  years  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  California;  returned  to 
Indiana,  and  was  educated  at  Hanover  College,  in 
that  State;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1864;  returned  to  California  and  settled  at  Santa 
Rosa;  was  District  Attorney  of  Sonoma  County  for 
four  years';  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1869;  was  a  candidate  for  Presidential 
Elector  in  1876  and  was  defeated;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
California  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress ;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Henley,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Indiana  in 
1810;  was  educated  at  the  Indiana  State  College;  pur 
sued  the  occupation  of  a  farmer;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  from  1832  to  1842;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1843  to 
1849,  having  been  the  first  native  of  that  State  elected 
to  that  office;  in  1849  emigrated  to  California;  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Legislature  of  that  State;  Avas  for 
seven  years  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for 
California;  was  subsequently  appointed  Postmaster 
of  San  Francisco. 

Henn,  Bernhart;  was  born  in  New  York;  emi 
grated  to  Iowa;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1849  to  1853. 

Hennegan,  B.  K.;  was  Acting  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  in  1840. 

Henry,  Daniel  M. ;  was  born  in  Dorchester 
County,  Maryland,  February  19,  1823;  was  educated 
at  Cambridge  Academy  and  at  St.  John's  College, 
Annapolis;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1844,  and  commenced  practice;  was  elected  a  Repre 


sentative  in  the  Legislature  in  1846,  and  again  in 
1849;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1869;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

Henry,  James ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Virginia  to 
the  Continental  •  Congress,  from  1780  to  1781 ;  was  a 
lawyer  and  a  Judge.  Died  in  Virginia  in  January, 
1805. 

Henry,  John;  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1769;  was  for  several  years,  from  1778,  a  Del 
egate  to  the  Old  Congress;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
under  the  Constitution,  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1797,  when  he  resigned;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Maryland  in  the  latter  year;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Po 
tomac.  Died  at  Easton,  December,  1798. 

Henry,  John  P. ;  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Ken 
tucky,  January  17,  1793;  received  a  large  part  of  his 
education  at  the  Georgetown  Academy  of  Kentucky; 
studied  medicine,  and  in  1813  was  appointed  Sur 
geon's  Mate  in  Boswell's  Regiment  of  Kentucky 
troops,  serving  at  Fort  Meigs;  graduated  from  the 
New  York  University;  settled  in  Hopkinsville,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1822;  was  the  brother  of  Robert  P.  Henry; 
was  elected  to  Congress  from  Kentucky,  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  the  same,  from  1826  to  1827;  subse 
quently  removed  to  Burlington,  Iowa. 

Henry,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  Albany,  New  York, 
December  17,  1797;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion  in  Saratoga  County;  as  an  apprentice,  pursued, 
for  a  short  time,  the  occupation  of  a  watch-maker; 
was  attached  to  a  surveying  party,  to  mark  out  a. 
State  road  from  the  Hudson  River  to  Lake  Erie;  in 
1826  entered  the  Albany  Academy  as  Professor  of 
Mathematics,  and  soon  after  began  a  series  of  experi 
ments  in  electricity;  made  various  discoveries  in 
electro-magnetism,  which  were  described  in  Silliman's 
Journal  as  early  as  1831 ;  in  1832  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  Princeton  College;  in 
1835  was  oftered  a  Professorship  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  but  declined;  in  1837  visited  Europe,  \vhere 
he  remained  one  year,  and  his  discoveries  connected 
with  the  electro-magnet  were  recognized,  and  result 
ed  in  establishing  the  wonders  of  what  is  now  called 
the  telegraph;  in  1846  resigned  his  honorable  posi 
tion  at  Princeton,  and  became  the  Secretary  or  Direc 
tor  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution ;  his  scientific 
writings,  including  his  elaborate  Smithsonian  con 
tributions,  reports,  scientific  investigations,  and  dis 
coveries,  and  numbering  more  than  fifty,  have  given 
him  a  world-wide  reputation;  the  great  institution 
under  his  charge  was  entirely  organized,  and  has  ever 
been  conducted  according  to  his  individual  opinions, 
sustained  by  a  Board  of  Regents;  made  a  second  visit 
to  Europe  for  his  health,  and  received  all  the  atten 
tion  from  the  scientific  world  which  was  so  eminently 
his  due;  without  extra  compensation,  he  served  the 
General  Government  in  manifold  departments,  but 
chiefly  as  the  Executive  head  of  the  Light  House 
Board,  of  which  he  was  a  member  for  more  than 
twenty  years;  as  the  head  of  several  scientific  socie 
ties,  his  influence  was  universally  recognized  and  ap 
preciated;  long  before  he  became  identified  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  he  publisflbd  many  valua 
ble  papers  on  electricity  and  magnetism  in  the 
"American  Philosophical  Transactions,"  Silliman's 
Journal  of  Science,  and  the  Journal  of  the  American 
Institute;  the  two  principal  learned  societies  over 
which  he  was  called  to  preside  as  President,  were 
the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  the  American- 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Education. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


233 


Henry,  Patrick;  was  born  in  Studley,  Hanover  • 
County,  Virginia,  May  29,  1736;  his  education  was  ' 
neglected  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of  manhood, 
and  was  a  husband  and  father;  then  it  was  that  he 
began  to  study  law,  and  was  soon  admitted  to  prac-v 
tice;  in  1764  made  his  first  striking  effort  as  an  ad 
vocate  and  an  orator,  and  from  that  year  became 
famous;  was  the  first  man  of  mark  in  Virginia  to 
declare  against  the  usurpations  of  Great  Britain;  in 
1765  was  chosen  to  the  Virginia  Assembly,  and  there 
introduced  a  set  of  remarkable  resolutions,  support 
ing  them  with  a  speech  of  surpassing  ability;  from 
that  time  he  was  hailed  as  the  great  advocate  of 
human  rights  and  rational  liberty;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  from  Virginia  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1774  to  1776;  there  distinguished  himself  as  an 
orator;  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  "Richmond  Convention"  of  1777, 
and  again  electrified  the  people  by  his  eloquence;  in 
1776  was  elected  Governor  of  Virginia,  re-elected, 
and  then  declined  a  re-election;  from  1780  to  1791 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  the  State;  in  1788  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  ratify  the  Federal  Con 
stitution,  to  which  he  was  opposed;  in  1795  Wash 
ington  tendered  to  him  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
State,  but  he  preferred  the  retirement  of  home,  and 
declined  it;  was  again  elected  Governor  in  1796,  but 
declined  to  serve;  in  1799  President  Adams  tendered 
him  the  mission  to  France,  but  his  declining  health 
compelled  him  to  decline  that  honor  also,  and  on 
June  6,  of  that  year,  he  died;  evidence  of  his  splendid 
intellect  are  abundant  and  "familiar  as  household 
words,"  and  a  tribute  that  he  paid  to  the  Christian 
religion  in  his  will  is,  for  beauty  and  force,  without 
a  parallel  in  the  English  language. 

Henry,  Robert  P.;  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Kentucky,  November  24,  1788;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Transylvania;  studied  law  with  Henry 
Clay,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  served 
that  year  as  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  District; 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  as  an  Aide-de-camp  to  his 
father,  Major-General  William  Henry;  subsequently 
settled  in  Christian  County,  and  became  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  that  Circuit;  was  a  Director  of  the 
Princeton  Branch  of  the  Commonwealth  Bank;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky,  from 
1823  to  1827;  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals,  he  obtained  the  first  appropria 
tion  ever  granted  for  improving  the  Mississippi 
River;  while  in  Congress  received  the  appointment 
of  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  which  he  declined. 
Died  of  fever,  August  25,  1826,  before  the  expiration 
of  his  term  in  Congress. 

Henry,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1785; 
served  his  adopted  State,  Pennsylvania,  in  Congress 
from  1837  to  1843.  Died  in  Beaver  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  February  27,  1849. 

Henry,  William;  was  a  Delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1784  to 
to  1786. 

Henry,  William  ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
settled  in  Vermont;  devoted  himself  to  mercantile 
pursuits;  was  for  many  years  Cashier  of  the  Bank  of 
Bellows  Falls,  where  he  resided ;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Vermont,  from  1847  to 
1853,  accomplishing  much  work  as  a  member  of  sev 
eral  Committees. 

Henshaw,  David ;  was  born  in  Leicester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  2,  1791;  his  father  was  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution;  received  a  common  school  education; 
while  yet  a  young  man  engaged  in  the  drug  business, 


but  devoted  much  of  his  attention  to  writing  on  poli 
tics;  was  for  nine  years  Collector  of  Customs  for  the 
port  of  Boston;  in  1843  was  appointed,  by  President 
Tyler,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  after  holding  the 
office  for  nearly  a  year,  was  rejected  by  the  Senate; 
took  an  important  part  in  the  earlier  railroad  opera 
tions  of  his  State,  and  was  one  of  the  projectors  of 
the  Boston  and  Worcester  and  Providence  Railroads. 
Died  in  Leicester,  November  11,  1852. 

Henson,  Abraham;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin; 
in  1863  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  and  Consul- 
General  to  Liberia.  Died  at  his  post  of  duty,  July 
20,  1866. 

Hepburn,  William  Peters ;  was  born  in  Co- 
lumbiana  County,  Ohio,  November  4,  1833;  removed 
to  Iowa  in  1840;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Marshall  County  in  1856; 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in 
1858;  District  Attorney  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
District  of  the  State  in  the  same  year;  entered  the 
Union  Army,  in  1861,  as  Captain,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  serving  much  of  the 
time  on  staff  duty;  commanded  a  cavalry  brigade  in 
1864;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Herbert,  Hilary  A.;  was  born  at  Lanrensville, 
South  Carolina,  March  12,  1834;  in  1846  removed  to 
Greenville,  Alabama;  received  a  collegiate  education; 
studied  law,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  at  Green 
ville;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel;  in  1872  removed  to  Montgomery, 
Alabama;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty -seventh,  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Herbert,  John  C.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1815  to  1819,  and  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1824. 

Herbert,  Paul;  was  born  in  Louisiana;  gradu 
ated  first  in  his  class  at  West  Point  in  1840;  entered 
the  engineers;  was  acting  Professor  of  Engineering 
at  West  Point  in  1841  and  1842;  resigned  in  1845; 
was  Chief  Engineer  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  from 
1845  to  1847;  re-entered  the  service  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Fourteenth  Infantry;  was  brevetted 
Colonel  for  gallantry  at  Molino  del  Rey,  and  com 
manded  his  Regiment  after  his  Colonel  was  killed  at 
Chapultepec;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana  from  1853 
to  1858;  was  made  Brigadier-General  in  the  Southern 
Army  in  1861 ;  commanded  the  Louisiana  forces,  and 
was  taken  prisoner  at  the'battle  of  Pea  Ridge  in  1862. 

Herbert,  Philip  T.;  was  born  in  Alabama;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  California  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Hereford,  Frank ;  was  born  in  Fauquier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  July  4,  1825;  was  liberally  educated; 
studied  law  and  removed  to  California;  was  District 
Attorney  of  Sacramento  County  from  1855  to  Octo 
ber,  1857;  settled  in  West  Virginia;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-sec 
ond,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands,  Militia,  and 
Territories;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  in  1876  was 
elected  United  States  Senator,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1881,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Allen 
T.  Caperton.  / 


234 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Herkimer,  John  ;  was  born  in  Herkimer  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1773;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Judg 
of  the  Circuit  Court;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again 
from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at  Danube,  New  York,  Jun 
8,  1845. 

Hermann,  Binger;  was  born  at  Lonaconing 
Allegheny  County,  Maryland,  in  February,  1843;  re 
ceived  his  early  education  in  the  common  schools 
while  a  youth,  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Balti 
more,  Maryland;  completed  his  studies  at  Manches 
ter  Academy  (afterward  Irving  College)  near  Balti 
more;  in  1859  accompanied  his  parents  to  Oregon, 
where  they  settled;  taught  school  until  1864;  in  thai 
3rear  was  made  a  Lieutenant  in  a  Volunteer  Regimenl 
then  recruiting,  but  the  war  ended  without  the  regi 
ment  being  called  into  service;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1866;  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature; 
went  to  San  Francisco  and  continued  his  legal  studio: 
until  the  spring  of  1867;  then  returned  to  Oregon  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  in  the  fall  of  1867 
was  appointed  a  Deputy  Collector  of  Internal  Rev 
enue,  in  which  office  he  continued  until  1871;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1871  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at 
Roseburg,  Oregon;  in  1873  resumed  his  law  practice, 
and,  later,  also  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  and 
banking;  in  1882  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor  of 
Oregon,  Judge  Advocate  of  the  State  Militia  with 
the  rank  of  Colonel;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Oregon  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hernandez,  Joseph  M.;  was  one  of  the  promi 
nent  Spanish  citizens  who  remained  in  the  Territory 
of  Florida  at  the  time  of  its  transfer  to  the  United 
States;  was  the  first  Delegate  to  Congress  from 
Florida,  and  subsequently  a  leading  member  and  pre 
siding  officer  of  the  Territorial  Legislature;  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Indian  hostilities,  was  made  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  United  States  service.  He 
w°  ,  a  man  of  refined  and  elegant  manners;  resided  at 
St.  Augustine.  Died  near  Matanzas,  Cuba,  June  8, 
1857,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Herndon,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Greene  (now 
Hale)  County,  Alabama,  July  1, 1828;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Alabama;  attended  the  Law  School 
of  Cambridge  University,  Massachusetts;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native  State  and  commenced 
practice;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1857  and  1858;  was  a  Trustee  of  the 
University  of  Alabama  in  1858  and  1850;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Secession  Convention  of  1861 ;  entered 
the  Confederate  Army  and  r,ose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1875;  was  again  in  the  Legislature  in  1876  and 
1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama 
to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses.  Died  at  Mo 
bile,  March  28,  1883. 

Herndon,  William  S.;  was  born  at  Rome, 
Georgia,  November  27,  1837;  removed  with  his  father 
to  Texas,  in  1852;  was  educated  at  McKenzie  College, 
Texas;  studied  law,  and  began  to  practice  in  I860'; 
enlisted  in  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861,  and  re 
mained  until  the  close  of  the  war;  resumed  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  Smith  County;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses.  scTvin"- 
on  the  Committees  of  Agriculture  and  Public  Lands. 

Herod,  William  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1837  to  1839. 


Herrick,  Anson ;  was  born  in  Lewiston,  Maine, 
January  21,  1812;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  was  apprenticed  to 
the  business  of  a  printer;  settled  in  New  York  City 
»in  1836,  and  continued  in  the  same  employment  un 
til  1838,  when  he  commenced  the  publication  of  a 
weekly  journal  now  called  the  New  York  Attas;  in 
1853  was  chosen  one  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  City, 
and  served  three  years;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Naval  Storekeeper  for  New  York,  which 
office  he  held  until  1861 ;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolution 
ary  Pensions,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Na 
tional  Union  Convention  "  of  1866.  Died  in  New 
York,  February  6,  1868.  Ebenezer  Herrick,  who 
served  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1827,  was  his  father. 

Herrick,  Ebenezer;  was  born  in  Lincoln  Coun 
ty,  Maine;  in  1820  held  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the 
State  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maine  from  1821  to  1827;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1828 
and  1829.  Died  at  Lewiston,  Maine,  May  7,  1839. 

Herrick,  Joshua ;  was  born  in  Beverly,  Essex 
County,  Massachusetts,  in  1794;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  Maine,  and  became  a 
Sheriff'  in  that  State;  was  Deputy  Collector  of  the 
port  of  Kennebunk  from  1829  to  1841;  was  Chairman 
of  a  Board  of  County  Commissioners  from  1842  to 
1843;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine 
from  1843  to  1845,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs  and  Accounts;  was  again  Deputy  Col 
lector  of  Kennebunk  from  1847  to  1849,  and  from 
1850  to  1854;  in  1856  was  Register  of  Probate  for 
York  County,  State  of  Maine. 

Herrick,  Richard  P.;  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York,  in  1791;  was  a  man  of  remarkable 
business  enterprise;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Washington,  June  22,  1846. 

Herrick,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Dutchess  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  April  14,  1779;  read  law  at  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1805; 
in  1810  settled  at  Za^nesville,  Ohio,  and  was  appoint- 

d  Collector  of  Taxes  for  that  County;  soon  after 
wards  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  same  county,  and 
soon  alter  that,  by  President  Madison;  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Ohio ;  in  1812  was 
appointed  one  of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  set- 

•ling  the  North-western  boundary  line:  in  the  au- 

umu  of  that  year  succeeded  Lewis  Cass  as  Prose- 

:uting  Attorney  for  Muskingum  County;  in  1814  was 
appointed  to  the  same  office  in  Licking  County;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1817  to 

821;  alter  his  first  election  his  seat  was  contested  by 
Charles  Hammond,  but  the  House  sustained  his 

lairn;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1828;  in  1829 
»vas  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Ohio;  the  remainder  of  his  life 
vas  spent  in  retirement,  and  he  died  in  December 

851. 

Hersey,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  at  Snmncr, 
laine,  April  12,  1812;  received  an  academic  edu- 
ation;  was  ?  merchant,  and  engaged  in  banking, 
nd  was  largely  interested  in  the  lumber  business  in 
laine,  Minnesota,  and  Wisconsin;  was  u  member  of 
he  Legislature  of  Maine  in  1842,  1857,  1865,  1867, 
nd  1869,  and  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1851  and 
852;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Republican 
Convention  at  Chicago  in  1860;  also  at  Baltimore  in 
864;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Republican 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


235 


Committee  from  1864  to  1868;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
important  Committees.  Died  at  Bangor,  February 
3,  1875. 

Hewes,  Joseph  ;  was  born  near  Kingston,  New 
Jersey,  in  1730;  was  educated  at  the  Princeton 
School;  settled  in  Philadelphia  as  a  merchant;  when 
thirty  years  of  age  located  at  Edenton,  North  Caro 
lina;  served  in  the  Assembly  of  the  Province;  was  a 
Delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1777,  and  again  in  1779,  and 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was  de  facto 
the  first  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  Died  in  Philadel 
phia,  November  10,  1779. 

Hewitt,  Abram  Stevens ;  was  born  in  Rock- 
land  County,  New  York,  July  30,  1822;  attended  the 
common  schools;  on  competition  gained  a  scholarship 
in  Columbia  College,  whence  he  graduated  in  1842; 
was,  for  a  time,  tutor  of  mathematics;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  on  account  of  impaired  vision 
gave  up  the  profession;  in  connection  with  Peter 
Cooper  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron ;  in  con 
nection  with  Edward  Cooper,  his  brother-in-law, 
established  extensive  steel  and  iron  works  in  New 
Jersey  and  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Scientific  Commis 
sioner  to  the  Paris  Exposition  in  1867;  during  the 
Rebellion,  in  1862,  was  sent  to  England  on  a  con 
fidential  mission  to  learn  the  process  of  making  gun- 
barrel  iron;  at  a  heavy  loss  to  his  firm  furnished  the 
Government  with  much  war  material;  in  185!) 
organized  the  Cooper  Union  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  and  Art,  which  has  been  eminently  successful: 
was  somewhat  active  in  politics,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Democratic  General  Committee  of  the  City  of  New 
York;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the 
Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress;  in  1886  was 
elected  Mayor  of  New  York  City  and  resigned  his 
seat  in  Congress  to  accept  that  position. 

Hewitt,  C.  O.;  was  born  in  New  York;  having 
emigrated  to  Washington  Territory,  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  dis 
trict,  residing  at  Vancouver. 

Hewitt,  Goldsmith  W.;  was  born  in  Jeiferson 
County,  Alabama,  February  14,  1834;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1856;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861;  Avas  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  in 
1863;  in  1870  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1872  was  made  State  Senator,  and  served  two  ses 
sions;  resigned  in  1874,  to  accept  the  nomination  as 
Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  and  was  elected  to  that  position ;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  also  elected 
to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Heyward,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  the  Parish  of 
St.  Luke,  South  Carolina,  in  1746;  received  a  classical 
education,  and  studied  law,  finishing  his  legal  studies 
at  the  Temple,  in  London;  on  his  return  from  a  tour 
in  Europe  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  in  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1776  to  1798,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  and  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  sub 
sequently  a  Judge  of  the  Civil  and  Criminal  Courts  of 
the  State;  commanded  a  company  of  artillery  at  the 
battle  of  Beaufort,  and  was  wounded ;  served  also  at 
Savannah  and  Charleston;  at  the.  latter  place  was 
taken  prisoner,  and  while  confined  at  St.  Augustine 
his  property  was  pillaged  and  his  wife  died ;  was  sub 


sequently  a  member  of  the  Convention  that  formed 
the  Constitution  of  South  Carolina  in  1790.  Died  in 
March,  1809. 

Heyward,  'William,  Jr. ;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1808;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1823  to  1825. 

Hibbard,  Ellery  A.;  was  born  in  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vermont,  July  31,  1826;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  Clerk  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1852,  1853,  and 
1854;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1865 
and  1866;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress; 
at  the  close  of  his  term  in  Congress,  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
served  as  such  until  1874;  declined  a  new  appoint 
ment  under  the  revised  judiciary  system,  preferring 
to  follow  his  profession. 

Hibbard,  Harry ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1835;  was  Assistant 
Clerk  of  the  New  Hampshire  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  1839;  Clerk  of  the  same  from  1840  to  1843; 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  1844  and  1845;  in  the  State 
Senate  from  1846  to  1849,  officiating  two  years  as 
President;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1849  to  1855.  Died  at  Som- 
ersville,  July  27,  1872. 

Hibshman,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  Lancaster, 
Pennsvlvania;  Avas  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

Hickman,  John ;  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  near  the  Brandywine  battle  ground, 
September  11, 1810;  received  a  thorough  mathematical 
and  classical  education ;  commenced  the  study  of  medi 
cine,  but  finding  his  heal th  too  feeble  for  the  dissecting- 
room,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Baltimore 
Convention  of  1844;  in  1845  was  appointed  District 
Attorney  for  Chester  County,  holding  the  office  fif 
teen  months;  in  1854  Avas  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh 
Congress,  again  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary 
Committee;  declined  a  re-election  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  but  was  subsequently,  in  1867,  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature.  Died  at 
Westchester,  March  23,  1875. 

Hicks,  Thomas  Holly  day ;  was  born  in  Dor 
chester  County,  Maryland,  September  2,  1798;  re 
ceived  a  plain  English  education;  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  when  a  boy;  served  for  a  time  as  Con 
stable  and  Sheriff  of  his  county;  subsequently  de 
voted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1836  was  a 
Presidential  Elector;  Avas  also  a  member  of  the  Gov 
ernor's  Council;  in  1838  was  appointed  Register  of 
Wills;  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitutional 
Convention  "  of  1849;  frequently  served  in  the  Leg 
islature  of  the  State;  was  Governor  from  1858  to 
1862;  Avas  appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  the 
place  of  James  A.  Pearce,  deceased,  taking  his  seat 
during  the  third  session  of  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  and  was  elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  that, 
on  Claims.  Died  in  Washington  City,  February  13, 
1865.  He  will  ever  be  remembered  as  a  true  patriot 
for  his  firmness  during  the  earlier  troubles  of  tfie 
Rebellion. 


236 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Hiestand,  John  A.;  was  born  in  East  Donegal 
Township,  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  Octobei 
2,  1824;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  attended  the  common 
schools  and  academies  of  the  neighborhood  and  Penn 
sylvania  College  at  Gettysburg;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  to  the  State  House  of  Representatives  of 
Pennsylvania  as  a  Whig  in  1852,  1853,  and  185G;  in 
October,  1858,  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Lancaster 
Examiner  newspaper  and  printing  establishment, 
with  which  he  became  editorially  connected;  was 
elected  a  State  Senator  in  1860,  for  a  term  of  three 
years;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864,  and  was 
appointed  by  the  Electoral  College  the  messenger  to 
carry  the  vote  to  Washington;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Grant,  in  1871,  Naval  Officer  at  the  Port 
of  Philadelphia,  and  was  re-appointed  in  1875,  serv 
ing  eight  years;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hiester,  Isaac  Ellmake.r;  was  born  in  Lan 
caster  County,  Pennsylvania;  received  a  classical 
education;  graduated  with  honors  at  Yale  College; 
studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Thirty -third  Con 
gress,  in  which  he  expressed  opinions  upon  the  slav 
ery  question  not  in  harmony  with  those  of  his  con 
stituency;  at  the  next  election  was  defeated,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  with  distinguished  suc 
cess;  was  the  son  of  William  Heister,  M.  C.,  but 
changed  the  orthography  of  his  surname.  Died  at 
Lancaster,  February  6,  1871. 

Higby,  William;  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
New  York,  August  18,  1813;  passed  his  boyhood  on 
a  farm;  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  iron  business; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1840: 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  which  he  practiced 
in  his  native  county  until  1850;  during  that  year 
emigrated  to  California;  was  District  Attorney  of 
Calaveras  County  from  1853  to  1859;  in  1862  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate;  in  1863  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  California  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Special  Committee  to  visit  the  Indian  tribes 
of  the  West  in  1865,  and  of  the  Committees  on  the 
Death  of  President  Lincoln  and  Appropriations;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad', 
and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mines  and 
Mining. 

Higginson,  Stephen;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  178° 
and  1783. 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.;  was  born  in  Jasper  County, 
Georgia,  September  14,  1823;  received  a  classical 
education;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in 
1844;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  in  1851 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1855,  and  for  Gov 
ernor  in  1857;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1859  and  1860;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1861;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State 
Convention  of  1861,  and  opposed  secession;  was  a 
Delegate  from  Georgia  to  the  Confederate  Provisional 
Congress,  and  afterwards  a  Senator  from  that  State 
in  the  Confederate  Congress;  in  1875  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Garrett  McMillan:  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 


from  Georgia  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1877,  and  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Lower  House. 
Died,  at  his  home,  August  16,  1882L 

Hill,  Clement  S. ;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  a 
Representative  in.  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Hill,  David  Bennett;  was  born  at  Havana, 
Schuyler  (then  Chemung)  County,  New  York,  August 
29,  1845;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at 
the  Havana  Academy;  became  a  clerk  in  a  lawyer's 
office  in  Havana;  in  1863  went  to  Elmira,  New  York, 
and  began  the  study  of  law;  in  November,  1864,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law  at  Elmira;  a  month  later  was  appointed  City 
Attorney;  entered  the  field  of  politics,  in  which  he 
took  great  interest;  in  1868  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  State  Convention;  in  1870  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature,  serving  on 
important  Committees;  was  re-elected  in  1871;  from 
1868  he  was  annually  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Dem 
ocratic  State  Conventions  of  succeeding  years,  and  in 
1877  and  1881  was  elected  President  of  the  respective 
conventions;  in  1876  and  1884  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Conventions  of  those  years;  in 
1881  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Common  Council 
of  Elmira;  in  1882  was  elected  Mayor  of  Elmira;  in 
the  fall  of  the  same  year  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  New  York;  in  1884,  upon  the  resignation 
of  Governor  Cleveland,  Mr.  Hill  became  Governor  of 
the  State  of  New  York;  in  1885  was  elected  Presi 
dent  of  the  State  Bar  Association  of  New  York;  in 
1886  was  elected  Governor  for  a  full  term,  of  four 
years. 

Hill,  Hugh  Clement ;  was  born  in  Massachu- 
letts;  in  1870  was  appointed"  an  Assistant  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States. 

Hill,  Hugh  L.  W.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Hill,  Isaac  ;  was  born  at  Somerville,  Massachu 
setts,  April  7,  1788;  in  1798  his  parents  removed  to 
a  farm  in  Ashburnham,  Massachusetts;  his  educa 
tion  was  exceedingly  limited,  and  at  the  early  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  in  a  printing-office';  in 
1809,  at  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship,  went  to 
Concord,  New  Hampshire,  and  purchased  the  Ameri 
can  Patriot,  which  was  afterwards  issued  as  the  New 
Hampshire  Patriot,  and  became  a  paper  of  immense 
circulation  and  influence  during  the  twenty  years  of 
his  editorship;  during  that  time  was  twice' chosen 
Clerk  of  the  State  Senate;  was  once  a  Representative 
in  the  Legislature;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1820,  1821,  1822,  and  1827;  in  1828  was  a 
candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate,  but  not 
elected;  in  1829  was  appointed,  by  President  Jack 
son,  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  and  held 
Mie  office  until  April,  1830;  returned  to  New  Hamp- 
hire,  and  was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  United 
States  Senator  for  six  years,  from  1831 ;  in  1836  re 
signed  his  Senatorship,  after  being  elected  Governor 
)f  New  Hampshire;  was  re-elected  in  1837  and  1838; 
11  1840  was  appointed,  by  President  Van  Bureu,' 
Sub-Treasurer  at  Boston,  and  in  that  year  established^ 
n  connection  with  his  two  oldest  sons,  HiWs  New 
Hampshire  Patriot,  which  they  published  and  edited 
until  1847,  when  that  paper  Avas  united  with  the 
Patriot :  also  published  the  Farmer*'  Monthly  Visitor, 
an  agricultural  paper,  for  ten  years;  during  the  last 
fifteen  years  of  his  life  devoted  much  attention  to 
igriculture.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  March  22,  1851. 


BIOCJRAPHICA  L     ANNALS. 


237 


Hill  John ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in.  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to 
1841. 

Hill,  John ;  was  born  in  Stokes  County,  North 
Carolina;  served  many  years  in  the  Legislature  of  the 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1839  to 
1841;  in  1850  held  the  position  of  Reading  Clerk  in 
the  State  Senate. 

Hill,  John ;  was  born  in  Catskill,  New  York,  June 
10,  1821;  received  a  common  school  education;  was 
for  seven  years  a  clerk  and  book-keeper  in  his  native 
place;  removed  to  Boonton,  Morris  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  and  pursued  the  same  business  for  three  years; 
subsequently  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits; 
held,  for  many  years,  a  number  of  local  offices;  in 
1860  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  twice 
re-elected,  and  was  made  Speaker  of  the  Assembly; 
took  an  active  part  in  raising  troops  during  the  Re 
bellion;  was  foremost  among  his  neighbors  in  pro 
moting  the  moral  and  social  welfare  of  his  fellow- 
citizens;  in  I860  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Post  Offices  and  Weights  and 
Measures;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty- 
second  Congresses;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1875  to 
1878;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress.  Died  July  25,  1884. 

Hill,  Joshua ;  was  born  in  Abbeville  District, 
South  Carolina,  January  10,  1812;  had  not  a  collegi 
ate  education;  studied  law  as  a  profession;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
from  Georgia,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lauds;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs: 
withdrew  in  February,  1861,  and  returned  to  Georgia; 
did  not  take  an  active  part  in  the  Rebellion;  in  1866 
was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Collector  for 
the  Port  of  Savannah;  in  1876  was  appointed  a  Visit 
or  to  the  West  Point  Academy,  as  well  as  a  Register 
in  Bankruptcy;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1873. 

Hill,  Mark  L.;  was  born  in  Biddeford,  Maine, 
June  30,  1772;  from  the  year  1792  to  the  close  of  his 
life,  was  almost  constantly  in  the  exercise  of  some 
public  employment,  either  by  popular  election  or 
executive  appointment;  though  denied  the  advant 
ages  of  a  liberal  education,  he  succeeded,  by  assidu 
ous  self-culture,  in  making  himself  useful  to  his 
country  and  gaining  honor  in  the  various  posts  of 
high  responsibility  to  which  he  was  successively  ele 
vated;  was,  at  various  periods,  a  member  of  the  Sen 
ate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  Massachusetts, 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  member  of 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
from  Maine  from  1821  to  1823;  Postmaster  at  Phipps- 
burg,  Maine,  Collector  of  the  port  at  Bath,  and  held 
several  town  and  county  offices ;  was  one  of  the  Over 
seers  of  Bowdoin  College  from  its  foundation  until 
1821,  when  he  became  a  Trustee,  in  which  office  he 
continued  until  his  decease;  during  the  whole  period 
of  forty-nine  years,  he  regularly  attended  every  meet 
ing  except  one.  Died  at  Phippsburg,  Maine,  Novem 
ber  26,  1842,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of  his  age. 

Hill,  Nathaniel  P.;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York,  February  18,  1832 ;  was  educated  at 
Brown  University,  Rhode  Island;  was  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  that  institution  from  1860  to  1864; 
studied  metallurgy  in  the  universities  of  Europe  for 
two  years;  settled  in  Colorado  as  manager  of  a  smelt 
ing  company  in  1867;  was  a  member  of  the  Council 


of  Colorado  Territory  in  1872  and  1873;  was  elechd 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Colorado  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1879. 

Hill,  Ralph ;  was  born  in  Johnson,  Trumbull 
County,  Ohio,  October  12,  1827;  after  receiving  an 
academic  education,  studied  law  at  the  New  York 
State  and  National  Law  School,  and  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  in  1851;  on  removing  to  Indiana,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ter 
ritories  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  De 
partment. 

Hill,  Robert  Andrews ;  was  born  in  Iredell 
County,  North  Carolina,  March  25,  1811;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Tennessee;  received  a  limited 
education;  in  1833  was  elected  a  Constable,  and  in 
1836  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  having  adopted  the  pro 
fession -of  the  law,  in  1847  was  elected  a  Circuit  At 
torney-General,  and  held  the  office  until  1854;  soon 
afterwards  removed  to  Mississippi,  and  was  made  a 
Judge  of  Probate;  during  the  war  he  did  what  he 
could  to  help  both  sides  in  the  way  of  kindness  and 
charity;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Convention  of 

1865.  and  in  1866  was  appointed  United  States  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Mississippi. 

Hill,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Penn ....  .vania;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1824 
to  1826. 

Hill,  Whitmell;  was  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina,  February  12,  1743;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Congresses  at  Hillsborough  and  Halifax  in  1775  and 
1776;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Coventry  Mili 
tia,  and  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1778  to  1781 ;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  House 
and  Senate  of  North  Carolina  previous  to  1785.  Died 
at  Hill's  Ferry,  Martin  County,  North  Carolina,  Sep 
tember  26,  1797. 

Hill,  William  D.;  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  October  1,  1833;  was  educated  in  country 
schools,  and  attended  Antioch  College,  Ohio,  two 
years;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
Springfield,  Ohio,  in  1860;  was  Mayor  of  Springfield; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 

1866,  1867,  1868,  and  1869;  was  an  unsuccessful  can 
didate  for  Congress  in  1870;  in  1875  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Insurance  for  the  State,  and  served 
three  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Hill,  William  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1799  to  1803;  was- 
also  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  the  District  of  North  Carolina.  Died  in 
1809. 

Hillegas,  Michael ;    was  the  first  United  States 
Treasurer.      Died  in  Philadelphia,  September,  1804,  « 
aged  seventy-six  years. 

Hillen,  Solomon,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Baltimore 
County,  Maryland,  in  1813;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1S41;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Georgetown  College;  studied  law;  served 
in  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1834  and  1838;  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Baltimore  in  3842,  for  an  ur.expired 
term;  was  re-elected  for  two  years,  but  resigned  on 
account  of  his  health,  and  devoted  himself  to  agri- 
cultural  pursuits. 


2;)8 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Hillhouse,  James  ;  was  born  at  Montville,  Con 
necticut,  October  21,  1754;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1774;  after  due  preparation,  entered  upon 
tlie  practice  of  law;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  struggle,  and  when  New  Haven  was  in 
vaded  by  the  British,  was  Commander  of  the  Gover 
nor's  Guards;  became  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  1791,  and  three  years  afterwards  was  chosen  a 
Senator  of  the  UnLed  States  from  Connecticut,  where 
He  continued  a  distinguished  member  for  sixteen 
years,  and  in  the  Sixth  Congress  was  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate;  in  1810  resigned  his  seat  m  the 
Senate,  and  accepted  the  office  of  Commissioner  of 
the  School  Fund  of  Connecticut,  which  he  managed 
with  great  ability  and  fidelity  for  fifteen  years;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Hartford  Convention  of  1814;  in 
1825  undertook  to  conduct  the  construction  of  the 
Farmington  and  Hampshire  Canal;  was  chosen 
Treasurer  of  Yale  College  in  1782,  and  continued  to 
hold  the  office  until  his  death,  doing  much  to  pro 
mote  the  interests  of  that  institution.  Died  at  New 
Haven,  December  29,  1832. 

Hillhouse,  "William;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Connecticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to 
1786. 

Hilliard,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  passed  his  boyhood  in  South  Carolina,  at  the  Col 
lege  of  which  State  he  graduated ;  studied  law,  and  re 
moved  to  Georgia;  in  1836  became  a  citizen  of  Ala 
bama,  occupying  for  several  years  a  Professorship  in 
the  University  of  that  State;  in  1833  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1840  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1842  was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler, 
Minister  to  Belgium;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Alabama  from  1843  to  1851;  was  also  a 
Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  devoted 
some  attention  to  the  pursuits  of  literature;  a  vol 
ume  of  his  speeches  was  published  in  1855;  in  1877 
was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Brazil. 

Hillyer,  Edgar  "Winters;  was  born  in  Gran- 
ville,  Licking  County,  Ohio,  December  3,  1830; 
graduated  at  what  is  now  called  Dennison  University; 
went  to  California  in  1851;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1856;  practiced  in  Placer  County  until 
1861;  served  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  Colonel;  in  1865  became  Acting  Judge- 
Advocate  for  the  Department  of  the  Pacific;  in  1863 
had  command  of  the  Carnp  at  Los  Angeles,  during 
the  troubles  there;  from  1864  to  1865  was  stationed 
at  Fort  Yuma;  underorders  from  General  McDowell, 
investigated  the  conduct  of  certain  persons  who  had 
exulted  over  the  death  of  President  Lincoln;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1862;  in  1866  was 
elected  Attorney  for  Storey  County,  holding  the 
office  until  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  District  of  Nevada. 

Hillyer,  Junius ;  was  born  in  "Wilkes  County, 
Georgia,  April  23,  1807;  graduated  at  the  State  Uni 
versity  at  Athens,  in  1828;  having  studied  law  while 
in  college,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  within  one  week 
after  graduating;  in  1834  was  elected,  by  the  Legis 
lature,  Solicitor-General  for  the  Western  District  of 
the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Geor 
gia  from  1851  to  1855,  during  his  second  term  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims ; 
in  1857  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  So 
licitor  of  the  United  States  Treasury,  remaining  in 
office  until  1861. 

Hindman,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  1818;  served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  a  Second 
Lieutenant  of  Mississippi  Volunteers;  was  a  Repre 


sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirl  \  ,v  •  onth  Congress, 
but  when  the  Rebellion  broke  out  he  entered  the 
Confederate  service;  was  at  once  made  a  Brigadier- 
General,  and  subsequently  a  Major-General.  Died 
at  Helena,  Arkansas,  October  22,  1868. 

Hindman,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1792  to  1799;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  during  the  years  1800  and  1801.  Died 
January  26,  1822. 

Hinds,  James  ;  was  born  in  TTebron,  "Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  December  5,  1833;  graduated 
at  the  Cincinnati  Law  College  in  1856;  removed  to 
Minnesota,  and  practiced  his  profession  there;  was 
District  Attorney  for  the  State  until  1860;  served  in 
the  war  for  the  Union  as  a  private,  after  which  he 
settled  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  present  Constitu 
tion  of  the  State;  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to 
codify  the  laws  of  the  State;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Fortieth  Congress; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1868; 
in  October  of  the  same  year  was  assassinated  at  Mon 
roe,  Arkansas,  by  a  political  opponent. 

Hinds,  Thomas ;  was  born  about  the  ye  ir  1775; 
was  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  battle  of  New  Or 
leans;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  fnrn  Missis 
sippi  from  1823  to  1831.  Died  in  Jefferson  County, 
Mississippi,  August  23,  1840. 

Hines,  Richard ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1825  to  1827. 

Hires,  G-aorge;  was  born  in  Salem  County,  New 
Jersey,  January  26,  1835;  received  a  common  school 
and  commercial  education;  engaged  in  the  mercan 
tile  business  and  manufacturing;  was  elected  Sheriff 
of  Salem  County  in  1867,  1868,  and  1859;  in  1831 
was  elected  a  State  Senator  for  a  term  of  three  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Hiscock,  Frank ;  was  born  at  Pompey,  New 
York,  September  6,  1834;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1855,  and  commenced  practice  at  Tully,  New  York; 
was  District  Attorney  of  Onondaga  County  from 
1860  to  1863;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1867;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty -sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Hise,  Elijah;  was  born  in  Kentucky,  July  4, 
1802;  in  1848  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Guatemala;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
H.  Grider,  deceased,  serving  on  the  Committee  oa 
Reconstruction;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  but  died,  by  suicide,  at  Russellville,  Kentucky, 
May  8,  1867.  In  personal  appearance  he  bore  a  re 
markable  resemblance  to  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  whom 
he  was  a  warm  admirer. 

Hitchcock,  Peter;  was  born  in  Cheshire,  Con 
necticut,  October  19,  1780;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1801 ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1804,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  town ;  in 
1806  removed  to  Geauga  County,  Ohio;  in  1810  was 
elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of  that  State;  from 
1812  to  1816  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


239 


President  of  that  body  one  session ;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1817  to  1819;  was  then  chosen 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  for  seven  years; 
was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  1826;  retired  from 
the  Bench  in  1852,  after  a  judicial  service  of  twenty- 
eight  years,  having  been  for  a  portion  of  that  time 
Chief  Justice;  from  1833  to  1835  was  again  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate,  and  once  again  President;  in 
1850  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Constitutional  Conven 
tion  "  of  the  State.  Died  in  Painesville,  Ohio,  May 
11,  1853. 

Hitchcock,  Phineas"W.;  was  born  in  New  Leb 
anon,  New  York,  November  30,  1831;  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  in  1855;  studied 
law;  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar  emigrated  to 
Nebraska  Territory,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Omaha  in  1857;  in  1861  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  Marshal  of  the  Territory, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  election  from  Nebraska, 
as  Delegate  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to  ac 
company  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illi 
nois;  in  March,  1867,  was  appointed  Surveyor-Gen 
eral  of  Nebraska;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1877,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Territories,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Hitchcock,  Samuel ;  was  a  lawyer  of  high 
character  and  a  citizen  of  Vermont;  in  1793  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Vermont;  in  1801  was  pro 
moted,  by  President  Adams,  to  the  Bench  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Second 
Circuit. 

Hitt,  Robert  Roberts;  was  born  at  Urbana, 
Ohio,  January  16,  1834;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1837; 
received  a  collegiate  education;  engaged  in  various 
pursuits;  was  First  Secretary  of  the  American  Lega 
tion  at  Paris,  France,  from  1874  to  1881,  serving  as 
Charged' Affaires  ad  interim  for  a  portion  of  the  time; 
was  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  in  1881 ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
R.  M.  A.  Hawk;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth 
and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Hoag,  Truman  H.;  was  born  in  Manlius,  Onon- 
daga  County,  New  York,  April  9,  1816;  received  a 
public  school  education;  from  1832  to  1839  was  clerk 
in  a  store  and  in  a  canal  office  at  Syracuse;  in  1842 
engaged  in  the  steamboat  business  on  Lake  Ontario; 
removed  to  Toledo  in  1848,  and  established  himself 
there  in  the  transportation  and  produce  business;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Buildings.  Died  in  Washington,  February  5, 
1870. 

Hoagland,  Moses;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849 
to  1851;  was  subsequently  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Washington. 

Hoar,  Ebenezer  Rockwood;  was  born  in  Con 
cord,  Massachusetts,  in  1816;  the  son  of  the  late 
Samuel  Hoar,  and  brother  of  George  F.  Hoar;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1835,  and  spent  two 
years  at  the  Cambridge  Law  School ;  soon  afterwards 
engaged  in  teaching  school  at  Pittsburgh  and  other 
western  cities;  came  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  State;  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
but  after  serving  several  years,  resigned  to  resume 


the  practice  of  his  profession;  »was  for  ten  years  a 
member  of  the  Corporation  of  Harvard  College,  and, 
in  1868,  was  appointed  an  overseer  of  that  institution; 
in  1859  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
on  the  5th  of  March,  1869,  entered  the  Cabinet  of 
President  Grant,  as  Attorney-General;  in  1871  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Joint  High  Commission  for 
making  a  Treaty  between  England  and  the  United 
States;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  declining  a  re 
election  ;  served  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Af 
fairs  and  Revision  of  Laws;  on  the  maternal  side  was 
a  grandson  of  Roger  Sherinan. 

Hoar,  George  Frisbie ;  was  born  in  Concord, 
Massachusetts,  August  29,  1826;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1846;  after  going  through  a  course  of 
legal  studies  at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  and  settled  at  Worcester,  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1852  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  General  Court;  in  1857,  to  the 
State  Senate;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Education  and  Labor,  and 
Revision  of  Laws;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  suc 
ceeding  Congresses,  serving  on  various  important  Com 
mittees;  declined  a  re-nomination;  was  President  of 
the  Republican  State  Conventions  of  1871  and  1877; 
was  Overseer  of  Harvard  College  from  1874  to  1880; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions 
of  1876  and  1880;  President  of  the  Convention  in 
1880;  was  a  member  of  the  Electoral  Commission  in 
1876;  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  Mas 
sachusetts  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1877;  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  of  six  years. 

Hoar,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Lincoln,  Massachu 
setts,  May  18,  1788;  graduated  at  Cambridge  in 
1802;  was,  for  two  years  thereafter,  a  private  tutor 
in  Virginia;  studied  law  with  Artemas  Ward;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1805,  and  opened  an  office  in 
Concord;  soon  attained  high  rank,  and  was  for  forty 
years  one  of  the  most  eminent  and  successful  prac 
titioners  in  the  State;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  for  revising  the  State  Constitution  in  1820;  State 
Senator  in  1825  and  1833;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1835  to  1837;  in  1844  was  appointed  by 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  to  proceed  to  South 
Carolina  and  aid  the  colored  citizens  of  Massachu 
setts,  imprisoned  by  the  authorities  of  South  Caro 
lina,  by  testing,  in  the  Courts  of  the  United  States, 
the  Constitutionality  of  the  acts  of  South  Carolina 
authorizing  the  imprisonment  of  colored  persons  who 
should  enter  that  State;  his  appearance  in  Charles 
ton  caused  great  excitement,  and  he  was  expelled 
from  that  city  by  its  citizens,  December  5,  1844,  the 
Legislature  having  passed  resolutions  on  that  day 
authorizing  the  Governor  to  expel  him;  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  in  1845  and  1846;  State 
Representative  in  1850 ;  was  a  member  of  various  re 
ligious  and  charitable  societies,  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  one 
of  the  Overseers  of  Harvard  College,  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws  having,  in  1838,  been  conferred  upon 
him  by  that  institution.  Died  in  Concord,  Massa 
chusetts,  November  2,  1856. 

Hoard,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Springfield,  Ver 
mont,  June  28,  1805;  was  a  mechanic,  and  for  several 
years  in  early  life  a  clerk  in  a  private  land  office  in 
Antwerp,  New  York;  was  Postmaster  under  Presi 
dents  Jackson  and  Van  Buren ;  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  several  years;  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  in  1838,  and  County  Clerk  of  Jefferson  County, 
New  York,  in  1844,  1845,  and  1846;  was  an  active 


2-10 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


politician,  and  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Pep  irtment;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Hobart,  Aaron  ;  was  born  in  Abiugton,  Ply 
mouth  County,  Massachusetts,  June  26,  1787;  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1805;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  served  in  the  State  Senate;  was  a 
State  Counselor;  was  Judge  of  Probate:  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1821 
to  1827.  Died  at  East  Bridgewater,  September  19, 
1858. 

Hobart,  John  Sloss  ;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1757;  was  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  New 
York,  and  held  several  important  positions  in  that 
State  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  after  which  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  three  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate  from 
February  to  April,  1798,  in  the  place  of  P.  Schuyler, 
but  resigned,  and  was  then  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  of  New  York.  Died 
February  4,  1805,  aged  sixty-six. 

Hobble,  Selah  R.;  Avas  born  at  Newbur'g,  New 
York,  March  10,  1797;  at  an  early  day  established 
himself  at  Delhi,  Delaware  County,  in  the  practice 
of  law,  where  he  was  soon  appointed  District  Attorney 
and  Brigade  Major  and  Inspector;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829, 
when,  on  the  accession  of  General  Jackson  to  the 
Presidency,  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  which  position  he  held  until  1850,  when  he 
retired  on  account  of  ill-health,  but  resumed  the 
duties  of  the  office  under  President  Pierce.  Died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  March  23,  1854. 
He  was  the  son-in-law,  and  at  one  time  the  law 
partner,  of  Erastus  Root. 

Hoblitzell,  Fetter  S.;  was  born  in  Cumber 
land,  Maryland,  October  7, 1838;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  commenced  practice  at  Balti 
more,  Maryland,  in  1859;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  School  Commissioners;  was 
Trustee  of  St.  Mary's  Industrial  School;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in 
1870,  again  in  1876,  and  was  re-elected  in  1878,  serv 
ing  the  last  term  as  Speaker;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Hodges,  Asa;  was  born  January  22,  1823;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  and  continued  to  prac 
tice  until  1860;  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1859;  in  1866 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  under 
the  reconstruction  acts  of  Congress;  in  1868  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly;  in 
1870  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Senate ;  and 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  from  Arkansas. 

Hodges,  Charles  D.;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Illinois,  and  took  his  seat  during 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 

Hodges,  George  T.;  was  born  in  Clarendon, 
Vermont,  July  4,  1789;  was  bred  to  active  business, 
and  was  a  merchant  in  Rutland  for  many  years; 
served  frequently  in  both  Houses  of  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ver 
mont  during  the  third  session  of  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  was 
President  of  the  Bank  of  Rutland;  was  a  large  con 
tributor  to  the  success  of  the  Burlington  Railroad, 
and  a  warm  supporter  of  the  Vermont  Agricultural 
Society.  Died  at  Rutland,  September  9,  1860. 


Hodges,  James  L.;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1823 
and  18:24;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1827  to  1831.  Died  March  8t 
1846,  aged  fifty-six  years. 

Hodges,  S.  H.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  removed 
to  Washington;  in  1852  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  the  Patent  Office,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1853; 
in  1861  was  appointed  Examiner-in-Chief  in  the 
Patent  Office,  where  he  remained  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  April  20,  1875. 

Hoffman,  Henry  W.;  Avas  born  in  Maryland; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1855  to  1857;  was  subsequently  elected  Sergeant-at- 
Arms  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  in  1861  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Collector  of  the 
port  of  Baltimore. 

Hoffman,  John  T.;  was  born  at  Sing  Sing;,  New 
York,  January  10,  1828;  graduated  at  Union  College 
in  1846;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  January,  1849; 
acquired  an  extensive  practice  in  New  York  City; 
connected  himself  with  Tammany  Hall  in  1854;  was 
elected  Recorder  of  the  city  in  I860  and  1863;  ren 
dered  himself  conspicuous  for  his  severity  to  the 
rioters  of  July,  1863;  was  elected  Mayor  in  1865,  and 
re-elected  in  1867;  was  Democratic  candidate  for 
Governor  in  1866,  but  was  defeated  by  Fenton;  was 
chosen  Governor  in  1869,  serving  until  1872. 

Hoffman,  Michael ;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Clifton  Park,  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  in  1788; 
was  educated  as  a  physician;  afterwards  studied  law 
and  settled  in  Herkimer  County,  where  he  occupied 
a  high  position ;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1824,  and 
continued  a  member  for  eight  years,  serving  a  por 
tion  of  the  time  as  Chairman  of  the  Committea  on 
Naval  Affairs;  was  appointed  a  Canal  Commissioner 
for  the  State  of  New  York,  wrote  several  able  reports, 
and  resigned  the  office  in  1835;  in  1841  went  into  the 
House  of  Assembly  from  Herkimer  County,  and  ac 
complished  much  good  for  the  service  and  credit  of 
his  State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Constitutional  Con 
vention"  of  1846,  aud  was  Naval  Officer  in  the  City 
of  New  York;  was  a  powerful  and  effective  debater, 
and,  as  a  man,  unselfish  and  of  high  character.  Died 
at  Brooklyn,  September  27,  1848. 

Hoffman,  Ogden ;  was  born  in  New  York  City 
in  1794;  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1812;  soon 
after  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman,  but  in  three 
years  resigned,  rmd  studied  law;  commenced  practice 
in  Orange  County,  and  was  appointed  District  Attor 
ney;  removed  to  New  York  City  in  1826;  was  a  part 
ner  of  Hugh  Maxwell,  and  became  eminently  success 
ful  in  his  profession;  in  1828  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature;  from  1829  to  1835  was  District  Attor 
ney;  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney, 
by  President  Harrison;  from  1837  to  1841  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  was  again  elected  to 
Congress  in  1848;  in  1854  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  was  remarkable  for  his  elo 
quence  and  learning,  and  for  more  than  a  quarter  oi 
a  century  occupied  a  high  position  at  the  bar  of  New 
York.  Died  in  that  city,  May  1,  1856. 

Hoffman,  Ogden;  was  born  at  Goshen,  Orange 
County,  New  Dfork,  October  16,  1822;  graduated  from 
Columbia  College  in  1840;  studied  law  at  Dane  Law 
School,  Harvard  University;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  then  traveled  in  Europe  for  fourteen  months; 
in  1850  removed  to  California,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1851  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Cali 
fornia,  and  continued  in  that  position. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


241 


Hogan,  John ;  was  born  in  Mallow,  County  of 
Cork,  Ireland,  .January  2,  1805;  emigrated  to  Balti 
more,  Maryland,  with  his  father  in  1817;  in  that 
city  was  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  shoemaker; 
during  his  term  of  service  did  what  he  could  to  ob 
tain  an  education,  and  was  an  attendant  of  the  As- 
bury  Sunday-school;  in  1826  emigrated  to  the  West; 
in  1831  opened  a  store  in  Madison  County,  Illinois; 
in  1836  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1838 
was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  Commissioner  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works;  re-elected  and  made  Presi 
dent  of  the  Boaid;  in  1841  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison,  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at  Dixon, 
Illinois,  where  he  remained  until  1845;  soon  after 
wards  settled  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  resuming  the 
mercantile  business;  became  engaged  with  insurance 
companies;  organized  and  was  President  of  a  savings 
institution  and  a  bank;  in  1857  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Postmaster  of  St.  Louis;  in  1864 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means  and  the  Special  Committee  on  Civil 
Service;  was  the  author  of  two  publications,  on  the 
"Resources  of  Missouri"  and  on  the  "Commerce 
aud  Manufactures  of  St.  Louis";  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of 
1866. 

Hogan,  William ;  was  born  in  1792;  when  quite 
young  went,  with  his  father,  to  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  then  a  Dutch  colony,  where  he  acquired  the 
Dutch  language;  returned  to  America  and  graduated 
at  Columbia  College;  studied  law,  but  having  pur 
chased  land  in  Black  River  Country,  New  York,  set 
tled  in  that  region;  as  a  pioneer,  did  much  to  develop 
the  country,  and  a  thriving  town  on  the  St.  Lawrence 
received  the  name  of  Hogansport;  was  for  many  years 
a  County  Judge:  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1831  to  1833;  in  1850  became  an  Examiner  of 
Claims  in  the  Department  of  State,  which  position 
was  soon  exchanged  for  that  of  Translator,  his  studies, 
while  traveling  abroad,  having  made  him  a  thorough 
scholar  in  the  languages  of  Europe,  and  he  remained 
in  that  position  until  1869. 

Hoge,  John;  was  born  near  Carlisle,  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  10,  1760;  received 
the  greater  part  of  his  education  from  a  private  tutor; 
entered  the  army  of  the  Revolution  in  1776,  and  was 
made  Ensign  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiment; 
in  1782  emigrated  to  the  western  part  of  the  State, 
and  with  his  brother  William,  founded  the  town  of 
Washington;  in  1789  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conven 
tion  wrhich  formed  the  State  Constitution;  from  1790 
to  1795  served  in  the  State  Senate;  in  1799  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  "American  Philosophical 
Society";  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  in  1804  and  1805  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  his  brother,  William  Hoge;  was  a  man  of 
culture  and  literary  tastes.  Died  near  Washington, 
Pennsylvania,  August  4,  1824. 

Hoge,  John  Blair ;  was  born  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  February  2,  1825;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1845;  became  President  of  the 
Bank  of  Berkeley,  Virginia,  in  1853;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  from  1855  to 
1859;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  at  Charleston  and  Baltimore  in  1860; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  commissioned 
officer  throughout  the  war  of  the  Rebellion ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
West  Virginia  in  1871 ;  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
National  Committee  from  1871  to  1872;  Circuit  Judg^ 
from  1872  to  1880,  when  he  resigned  to  take  his  seat 

16 


in  the  Forty-seventh  Congress  as  a  Representative 
from  West  Virginia. 

Hoge,  Joseph  P.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  having  re 
moved  to  Illinois,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1843  to  1847. 

Hoge,  Solomon  L.;  was  born  in  Logan  County, 
Ohio;  received  a  liberal  education;  graduated  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  College  in  1859;  practiced  at  Belle- 
fontaine  until  1861 ;  entered  the  army  as  First  Lieu 
tenant  in  the  infantry;  was  promoted  to  a  Captaincy; 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull 
Run;  was  twice  brevetted  for  gallant  conduct  in 
battle,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  received  a  com 
mission  in  the  Regular  Army;  materially  aided  in 
the  reconstruction  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  elected 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State 
by  the  General  Assembly;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses. 

Hoge,  William ;  was  born  in  Cumberland  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania;  in  1782  settled  in  the  western  part 
of  the  State,  and,  with  his  brother  John,  founded  the 
town  of  Washington;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1801  to  1804,  when  he 
resigned,  and  again  from  1807  to  1809.  Died  on  his 
estate  in  the  town  of  Washington. 

Hogeboom,  James  L.;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  "Constitutional  Convention"  of  1821  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Hogg,  Samuel ;  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Hogg,  a 
Major  in  the  army  during  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  was  born  in  Halifax,  North  Carolina,  April  18, 
1783;  studied  medicine,  and  practiced  the  profession 
in  Tennessee;  served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the  army  during 
the  Creek  War,  and  was  with  General  Jackson  at 
New  Orleans,  where  he  acquitted  himself  with  great 
credit  in  the  hospitals;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  declined  a  re-election;  in  1828  set 
tled  in  Nashville,  where  he  practiced  his  profession 
until  his  death,  excepting  two  years  which  he  spent 
in  Mississippi  for  his  health;  was  President  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  Tennessee,  and  received  honorary 
degrees  from  the  Universities  of  Maryland  and  Penn 
sylvania.  Died  at  Nashville,  May  28,  1842.  It  was 
the  mother  of  Dr.  Hogg,  who,  when  Tarlton  sneer- 
ingly  said  that  he  would  like  to  see  the  Colonel 
Washington  of  whom  he  had  heard  so  much,  replied: 
"You  would  have  had  that  pleasure  if  yon  had  only 
taken  the  time  to  look  behind  you  in  your  flight 
from  the  battle  of  Cowpens." 

Holbrook,  E.  D.;  was  born  in  Elyria,  Lorain 
County,  Ohio,  in  1833;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  having  emigrated  to  Idaho,  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  from  that  Territory  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress. 

Holbrook,  Frederick ;  was  born  in  East  Wind 
sor,  Connecticut,  in  1813;  was  Governor  of  Vermont 
from  1861  to  1863. 

Holcomb,  George ;  was  born  in  Lambertsville, 
Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey,  in  1786;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1805;  adopted  the  medical 
profession,  and  practiced  it  with  success  in  Allen- 
town;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1815;  received  from  the  University  of  Maryland  the 
degree  of  M.  D. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1821  to  1828.  Died  at  Allen- 
town,  January  14,  1828. 


242 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Holden.  William  W.;  was  for  many  years  con 
nected  with  the  press  of  North  Carolina,  especially 
tlie  Raleigh  Register,  and  noted  as  a  politician;  was 
Provisional  Governor  of  the  State  in  1865;  was 
elected  Governor  in  1869,  but  was  impeached  for 
malfeasance  in  office,  and  in  April,  1872,  was  removed 
from  the  Governorship  by  a  two-thii  ds  vote  of  the 
Senate  of  North  Carolina,  sitting  as  a  Court  of  Im 
peachment. 

Holladay,  Alexander  R.;  was  bora  in  Vir 
ginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1853,  and  during  his  first  term 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Navy  Department. 

Holland,  Cornelius;  was  born  July  9,  1782; 
established  himself  as  a  physician  at  Canton,  Maine; 
•was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1819;  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1820  and  1821;  a  State  Senator  in  1822,  1825,  and 
1826;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine, 
from  1830  to  1833,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Elections,  as  well  as  the  Committee  on  Representa 
tion  under  the  Fifth  Census. 

Holland,  James  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1795  to  1797;  and 
again  from  1801  to  1811. 

Holleman,  Joel ;  was  bom  in  the  County  of  Isle 
of  Wight,  Virginia,  October  1,  1799;  was  educated 
at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina;  taught  school  for 
some  years,  and  then  studied  law,  in  the  practice  of 
which  he  was  successful;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1839  to  1840,  when  he 
resigned,  "  because  he  could  not  represent  the  feel 
ings  and  wishes  of  a  majority  of  his  constituents"  ; 
was  subsequently  in  the  State  Legislature  for  several 
years,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House  when  he  died, 
August,  1844. 

Holley,  Alexander  H.;  was  a  native  of  Con 
necticut;  received  a  good  education;  was  Governor  of 
his  native  State  for  one  year,  beginning  in  1857. 

Holley,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Con 
necticut,  in  November,  1802;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1822;  removed  to  New  York  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1825;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly 
from  1838  to  1841;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to  1848.  Died  at 
Jacksonville,  Florida,  March  8,  1848,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term. 

Holliday,  Frederick  "W.  M.;  was  Governor  of 
Virginia  from  1878  to  1882. 

Hollister,  Gideon  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  Connec 
ticut;  in  1868  was  Consul-Genera]  and  Minister  Resi 
dent  to  Hayti,  where  he  remained  until  1869,  when 
he  returned  to  the  United  States. 

Hollister,  Madison  E.;  was  born  in  Cayuga 
County,  New  York,  in  1808;  received  a  common 
'  school  education  while  working  on  his  father's  farm; 
studied  Jaw,  and  settled  in  Illinois  in  1836;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  in  1855  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  of  the  State, 
•continuing  in  the  office  until  1866;  in  that  year  was 
appointed  Consul  to  Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1869,  and  then  resumed  his  profession; 
in  1861  was,  without  solicitation,  appointed  Associate 
Justice  of 'th'e  United  States  Territorial  Court  of 
Idaho,  and  was  soon  afterwards  made  Chief  Justice. 


Holloway,  David  P.;  was  born  in  Waynesville 
Warren  County,  Ohio,  December  6,  1809;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Cincinnati  in  1813;  in  1823  went 
to  Richmond,  Indiana,  and  learned  the  printing  busi 
ness;  subsequently  served  four  years  in  the  office  of 
the  Cincinnati  Gazette;  commenced  the  publication 
of  the  Richmond  P«MK//«HI  in  1832,  editing  it  for 
many  years;  in  1843  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch 
of  the  State  Legislature  of  Indiana,  and  in  1844  to 
the  State  Senate,  serving  nine  years;  in  1855  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture, 
during  that  term;  was  eight  years  President  of  the 
Agricultural  Society  of  Wayne  County;  in  1861  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Commissioner  of 
Patents.  Died  September  9,  1883. 

Holly,  Charles  F.;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Color 
ado. 

Holman,  Jesse  Li.;  was  a  citizen  of  Indiana;  re 
sided  at  Lawrenceburg;  about  the  year  1836  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Indi- 


Holman,  "William  S.;  was  born  in  Verdstown, 
Indiana,  September  6,  1822;  received  a  good  English 
education  at  common  schools;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  re 
vise  the  Constitution  of  Indiana  in  1850;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1851;  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1852  to  1856;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  Committee;  elected  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Enrolled 
Bills  and  Claims;  re-elected  to  the  four  succeeding 
Congresses,  making  a  total  service  of  sixteen  years, 
during  which  time  he  served  upon  nearly  all  the  im 
portant  Committees;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  For 
ty-ninth  Congresses. 

Holmes,  A.  J.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Ohio,  March  2,  1842;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
Wisconsin  in  1853;  received  a  good  academic  educa 
tion,  which  was  interrupted,  in  1862,  by  his  enlist 
ment  in  the  Union  Army ;  served  throughout  the  war, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant;  was  taken 
prisoner  in  1864,  and  was  confined  in  various  South 
ern  prisons  for  several  months,  being  finally  ex 
changed;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  in  1866;  graduated  from  the 
Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in 
1867;  removed  to  Boone,  Iowa,  and  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1881;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Holmes,  David ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1797  to  1809;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  Gov 
ernor  of  the  Territory  of  Mississippi,  which  position 
he  held  until  1817;  was  Governor  of  the  State,  by 
election,  from  1817  to  1819;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Mississippi  from  1820  to  1825,  when  he 
resigned.  Died  August  20,  1832. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


243 


Holmes,  Elias  B.;  was  born  at  Fletcher,  Ver 
mont,  May  27,  1807;  commenced  life  as  a  teacher: 
at  the  age  of  twenty  emigrated  to  Monroe  County, 
New  York;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1830;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  1849. 

Holmes,  Gabriel ;  was  born  in  Sampson  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  educated  at  Harvard  University ; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  in  the  State  Senate 
in  1807;  governor  of  the  State  in  1621;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1825 
to  1828.  Died  September  26,  1829,  in  Sampson 
County,  North  Carolina,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Holmes,  Isaac  E.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  April  5,  1786;  was  educated  at  the 
best  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  graduated  with 
honors  at  Yale  College  in'  1815;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818,  in  Charleston; 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  "South  Carolina 
Association";  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1826;  for  a  time  devoted  himself  to  planting;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1839  to  1851,  during  which  period  he  served  with 
ability  at  the  head  of  the  Committees  of  Commerce 
and  the  Navy,  and  also  of  that  on  Foreign  Affairs; 
subsequently  took  up  his  residence  in  California; 
having  returned  to  his  native  State,  died  in  Charles 
ton,  February  25,  1867. 

Holmes,  John ;  was  born  on  Cape  Cod  in  March, 
1773;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1796;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  the  practice  in  Alfred,  Maine, 
in  1799;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature  in  1802,  1803,  and  1812;  was  a  Boundary 
Commissioner  under  the  Treaty  of  1815;  a  State 
Senator  from  1813  to  1815;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  from  1817  to  1820;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  form  the  Constitution 
of  Maine,  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee  that 
drafted  the  document  in  1820;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  1820  to  1827,  and  from 
1829  to  1833;  during  a  part  of  1829,  and  from  1835  to 
1838,  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature;  was 
United  States  District  Attorney,  and  District  Judge 
for  Maine  from  1841  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Portland,  July  7,  1843.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  for  forty  years,  and  distinguished 
for  his  eloquence  and  wit. 

Holmes,  Sidney  T.;  was  born  in  Schaghticoke, 
Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  in  August,  1815;  set 
tled  with  his  father  in  Morrisville,  Madison  County, 
in  1819,  where  he  afterwards  resided;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar 
in  1841,  prior  to  which  date  he  spent  five  years  as  a 
Civil  Engineer;  was  twice  appointed  Loan  Commis 
sioner  for  Madison  County,  in  1848  and  1850;  in  1851 
was  elected  Judge  and  Surrogate  for  the  same  county, 
and  re-elected  in  1855  and  1859,  serving  until  1864, 
altogether  a  period  of  twelve  years;  in  1864  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands  and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Holmes,  Uriel ;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in 
1784;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1817  to  1818,  when  he  resigned.  Died 
in  1827. 

•Holsey,  Hopkins;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1799; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia,  from 
1837  to  1839 ;  subsequently  edited  the  Athens  Banner, 
and  filled  a  large  space  in.  the  politics  of  Georgia. 
Died  in  Columbus,  Georgia,  March  31,  1859. 


Holt,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Breckeuridge  County. 
Kentucky,  January  6,  1807;  was  educated  at  the  St. 
Joseph  and  Centre  Colleges  of  that  State;  studied 
law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1828,  and  settled  in  Louis 
ville;  for  two  years  was  Attorney  for  the  Common 
wealth;  was  a  visitor  to  West  Point  in  1835,  ap 
pointed  by  President  Jackson;  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Baltimore  Convention"  of  that  year,  in  which  he 
vindicated  R.  M.  Johnson  from  certain  political  im 
putations  made  against  him;  from  1835  to  1840 
resided  in  Mississippi,  practicing  his  profession;  re 
turned  to  Louisville;  from  1848  to  1851  traveled  in 
Europe  and  the  East,  going  up  the  Nile  and  visiting 
Jerusalem;  in  1857  settled  in  Washington  City,  and 
was  soon  afterwards  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Commissioner  of  Patents;  in  1859  went 
into  the  Cabinet  as  Postmaster-General;  in  1860  was 
placed  ad  interim  at  the  head  of  the  War  Department, 
and  subsequently  continued  as  Secretary;  in  1861  was 
a  Commissioner  for  adjusting  the  war  claims  of 
Missouri;  early  in  1862  was  a  Commissioner  on  Ord 
nance;  in  the  latter  part  of  year  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  Judge  Advocate  General;  in  1864 
was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Bureau  of  Military 
Justice;  in  November,  1864,  President  Lincoln  in 
vited  him  into  the  Cabinet  as  Attorney-General, 
which  invitation  he  declined;  on  the  first  of  Decem 
ber,  1875,  was  retired  at  his  own  request,  and  a  suc 
cessor  was  appointed. 

Holt,  Orrin ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  in  1836 
to  fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  again  from  1837  to 
1839. 

Holten,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Danvers,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  9,  1738;  was  bred  a  physician;  during 
the  Revolution  he  zealously  espoused  the  cause  of  his 
country,  and  was  a  member  of  the  old  Congress,  from 
1778  to  1787,  officiating  at  one  time  as  its  President; 
also  signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  a  Rep 
resentative,  under  the  Constitution,  from  1793  to 
1795;  spent  the  closing  years  of  his  life  as  Judge 
of  Probate  for  Essex  County.  Died  January  2, 
1816. 

Holton,  Hart  B.;  was  a  resident  of  Maryland; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  ^he 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  in  1883  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Governor  of  Maryland. 

Hook,  Enos  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Hooker,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Union  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  Cambridge 
Law  School;  settled  at  Jackson,  Mississippi,  in  the 
practice  of  law;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in 
1850;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature;  resigned  to  enter  the  Confederate 
Army,  in  1861;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  in  1865 
was  elected  Attorney-General  of  Mississippi,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1868 ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Mississippi  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Hooks,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina;  served  for  many  years  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  during 
the  years  1816  and  1817,  and  from  1819  to  1825;  sub 
sequently  removed  to  Alabama,  where  he  died  in 
1851. 

Hooper,  Benjamin  S.;  was  born  in  Bucking 
ham  County,  Virginia,  March  6,  1835;  received  a 
common  school  education;  engaged  in  mercantile 


244 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


pursuits  early  in  life,  and  continued  it  in  connection 
with  the  manufacture  of  tobacco;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Hooper,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Marblehead, 
Massachusetts,  February  3,  1808;  received  his  educa 
tion  in  that  town;  spent  four  years  in  a  counting- 
room  in  Boston;  subsequently  made  repeated  visits 
'to  Europe  and  the  West  Indies,  attending  to  com 
mercial  business;  in  1832  settled  finally  in  Boston  as 
a  merchant,  chiefly  engaged  in  the  China  trade,  the 
last  house  of  which  he  formed  a  part,  having  been 
long  known  as  William  Applcton  &  Co. ;  in  1851  was 
elected  to  the  State  House  of  Representatives,  served 
three  years,  and  declined  a  re-election ;  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  declined  to  serve  a 
second  term;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  William  Appleton,  in  the  Thirty-sev 
enth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means;  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Ways  and  Means,  Banking  and 
Currency,  and  the  War  Debts  of  the  Loyal  States;  in 
July,  1866,  received  from  Howard  University  the  de 
gree  of  Master  of  Arts,  as  founder  of  the  ' '  School  of 
Mines  ";  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loy 
alists'  Convention"  of  1866;  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth,  Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty -third  Con 
gresses;  declined  a  re-nomination.  Died  in  Wash- 
ington,  February  15,  1875. 

Hooper,  William  ;  was  born  in  Boston,  June  17, 
1742;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1760; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1766 
settled  at  Wilmington,  North  Carolina;  in  1770  had 
the  courage  to  instigate  severe  measures  against  three 
thousand  Regulators  in  that  State,  which  caused  their 
dispersion;  in  1773  was  elected  to  the  State  Assem 
bly;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1774  to  1777,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence;  in  1776  was  a  member  of  the  "Hills- 
borough  and  Halifax  Convention";  in  1787  retired 
from  public  life.  Died  in  October,  1790. 

Hooper,  W.  H.;  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Dor 
chester  County,  Maryland,  December  25,  1813;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  was,  for  several 
years,  a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Baltimore ;  when  seven 
teen  years  of  age  built  a  schooner;  was,  for  some 
years,  a  merchant  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland; 
emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1835,  from  which  time  until 
1849  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  and 
steamboating  on  the  Mississippi;  in  1850  removed  to 
Utah;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  Acting 
Secretary  of  the  Territory;  in  1859  entered  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress  as  a  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of 
Utah;  was  re-elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
and  Fortieth  Congresses;  was  re-elected  to  the  two 
succeeding  Congresses. 

Hopkins,  Albert  J.;  was  born  in  DeKalb  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  August  15,  1846;  graduated  at  Hillsdale 
College,  Michigan,  in  June,  1870;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  practice  at  Au 
rora,  Illinois;  was  State's  Attorney  of  Kane  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  from  1872  to  1876;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Central  Committee  from  1878  to 
1880;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1884;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Hon.  Reuben  Ellwood. 


Hopkins,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  April  22,  1829;  received  a 
good  English  education;  removed  to  Wisconsin  and 
engaged  in  general  business  pursuits;  was  Private 
Secretary  to  the  Governor  of  Wisconsin  for  one  term; 
was  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the  Legislature; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Enrolled  Bills  and  Public  Lands. 
Died  in  Madison,  January  3, 1870. 

Hopkins,  Q-eorge  "W.;  was  born  in  Goochland 
County,  Virginia,  February  22,  1804;  was  educated 
at  the  "old  field  schools"  of  that  day,  and  for  some 
years  alternately  taught  school  and  studied  law;  dur 
ing  the  years  1833  and  1834  served  in  the  House  of 
Delegates;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  1835,  and  was  re-elected  until  1847,  serving  dur 
ing  one  session  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  after  which  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk,  Charge  d' Affaires  of  the  United  States  to 
Portugal;  on  his  return  from  Europe,  in  1849,  went  a 
second  time  into  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia, 
and  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House:  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court;  in 
1857  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations. 
Died  March  2,  1861,  at  which  time  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  Legislature. 

Hopkins,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
settled  in  Wisconsin ;  in  1870  Avas  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Wisconsin, 
residing  at  Madison. 

Hopkins,  James  Herron  ;  was  born  in  Wasn- 
ington  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  3, 1831 ;  was 
educated  at  Washington  College;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Pittsburgh  before  he  was 
of  age;  continued  engaged  in  his  profession  so  closely 
as  to  impair  his  health  and  compel  him  to  visit 
Europe;  a  year  after  his  return  he  retired  from  prac 
tice;  engaged  in  banking,  as  President  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Bank,  and  Director  of  other  institutions  of 
the  kind;  in  1872  was  candidate  for  Congress  for  the 
State  at  Large;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was 
also  elected  Grand  Master  of  Knight  Templars  in  the 
United  States  in  1874;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Centen 
nial;  was  also  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-l 
eighth  Congress. 

Hopkins,  Moses  Aaron ;   was  born,  of  slaves 
parents,  in  Montgomery  County,  Virginia,  December 
25,  1846;    after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  in  1865,';' 
went  to   Pittsburgh,   Pennsylvania,   and   entered  s 
night    school;    then    took    an    academic    course    iul 
Avery  College;  in  1870  entered  Lincoln  University  ir 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  graduating,  in  1874. 
as  Valedictorian  of  his  class;    then  entered  Auburt 
Theological  Seminary,  in  Cayuga  County,  New  York 
from  which  he  graduated  with  honor  in  1877;  wa,'j 
the  first  colored  graduate  from  that  institution;    th<< 
same  year  was  ordained  a  Presbyterian  minister,  anc 
entered  the  missionary  field,  as  teacher  and  preacher.ji 
at   Franklinton,    in    Franklin   County;  in    Octoberji 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Min 
ister   Resident   and   Consul-General    of  the   Unitec 
States   to    Liberia.      Died   at   his  post,    August    1( 
1886. 

Hopkins,  Samuel;  was  bora  in  Albemarlt 
County,  Virginia;  served  with  distinction  in  tin 
Revolutionary  War;  fought  at  Princeton,  Trenton 
Monmouth,  Braudywine,  and  Germautown,  and  als< 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


245 


as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  a  Virginia  regiment  at  th 
siege  of  Charleston  ;  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1797 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
•  1812  led  two  thousand  troops  against  the  Kickapoo 
Indians;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1813  to  1815.  Died,  at  an  advanced  age 
in  October,  1819. 

Hopkins,  Samuel  M.;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1791  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
|  New  York,  from  1813  to  1815;  was  an  eminent 
!  lawyer,  and  much  respected  as  a  philanthropist  and 
|  a  Christian.  Died  at  Geneva,  New  York,  October  8, 
|  1837,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Hopkins,  Stephen  ;  was  born  in  Scituate,  Mas 
sachusetts,  March  7,  1707;  was  reared  a  farmer;  in 
1742  removed  to  Providence  and  entered  the  mercan- 

i  tile  business;  from  1751  to  1754  was  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Superior  Court;  in  1755  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State,  and,  with  the  exception  of  four  years, 
served  until  1768;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 

I  Congress  from  1774  to  1777,  and  also  in  1778,  and  a 
signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  in  1765 
published,  by  order  of  the  Assembly,  "Rights  of  the 
Colonies  Examined,  and  an  Account  of  Providence,  " 
in  two  volumes.  Died  July  13,  1785. 

Hopkinson,  Francis;  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
in  1738;  his  father  died  when  he  was  fourteen  years 
of  age,  and  after  having  been  taught  by  his  mother, 
he  entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
graduated;  studied  law,  but  was  fond  of  fine  arts, 
and  indulged  in  humorous  satire;  in  1765  visited 
England,  and  remained  there  two  years;  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Revolution  rendered  good  service 
to  the  American  cause  by  the  power  of  his  pen;  was 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  a  Dele 
gate  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Continental  Congress  in 
1776  and  1777;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court; 
subsequently  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court.  Died  of  apoplexy,  May  9,  1791. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  November  12,  1770;  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  his  native  State,  from  which  Insti 
tution.  as  well  as  from  Nassau  Hall  and  Harvard 
University,  he  subsequently  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  ;  studied  law,  and  commenced  to  practice  at 
the  age  of  twenty  at  Easton;  afterwards  practiced  at 
Philadelphia,  and  became  eminent  in  his  profession; 
was  the  leading  counsel  of  Dr.  Rush  in  his  famous 
suit  against  William  Cobbett  in  1799,  and  was  also 
engaged  by  Judge  Chase  in  his  impeachment  case 
before  the  United  States  Senate;  in  1815  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  and  served 
until  1819,  after  which  he  resided  in  Bordentown, 
New  Jersey,  until  appointed,  by  President  John 
•Quincy  Adams,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  when  he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  held 
this  office  until  his  death;  in  1837  was  a  member  of 
Ihe  Constitutional  Convention  of  the  State;  was  one 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
•was  President  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  :  n  1  Vice-President  of  the  American  Philosophi 
cal  So  ie  y;  published  many  interesting  addresses, 
and  wroie  the  song  "  Hail  Columbia."  Died  at  Phil 
adelphia,  January  15,  1842. 

Hopp'n,  "William  W.  ;  was  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  ibr  three  years,  beginning  with  1854,  and  was 
otherwise  honorably  identiiied  with  the  State. 


.,  Henry  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
Irom  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to  1833. 


Hornbeck,  John  W.;  was  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  and  a  graduate  of  Union  College,  New  York; 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  turned  his  attention 
to  the  profession  of  law;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1847  to  1848.  Died  at  Allentown,  Pennsylvania, 
January  16,  1848. 

Hornblower,  Josiah;  was  born  in  Stafford 
shire,  England,  in  1729;  did  not  receive  a  University 
education,  but  was  a  great  student  and  made  himself 
acquainted  with  many  important  branches  of  science- 
adopted  the  profession  of  civil  engineer;  in  1751  came 
to  America  to  build  a  steam  engine  at  the  copper 
mines  near  Belleville,  New  Jersey;  this  is  said  to 
have  been  the  first  engine  built  in  North  America- 
became  interested  in  mineralogy  and  mining;  es 
poused  the  cause  of  American  Independence;  was 
several  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  serving  as 
Speaker;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1785  to  1786;  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  a  long 
period;  in  1798  was  appointed  Judge  of  Essex  County- 
Court,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  January  '."A,  1809. 

Horr,  Roswell  GK;  was  born  at  Waitsfield,  Ver 
mont,  November  26,  1830;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Ohio  in  1834;  graduated  at  Antioch  College  in 
1857;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Lorain  County,  and  served 
six  years;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1864  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Elyria,  Ohio;  in  1866  removed  to 
Missouri  and  engaged  in  mining;  in  1872  removed  to 
East  Saginaw,  Michigan;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty -sixth,  Forty-seventh, 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Horsey,  Outerbridge ;  was  a  native  of  Dela 
ware;  born  in  1777;  after  completing  a  classical  edu 
cation,  studied  law  under  James  A.  Bayard,  and 
rose  to  eminence  in  his  profession;  was  for  many 
years  Attorney-General  of  the  State;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1810  to  1821.  Died 
at  Needwood,  Maryland,  June  9,  1842. 

Horton,  Thomas  R.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Horton,  Valentine  B.;  was  born  at  Windsor, 
Vermont,  January  29,  1802;  was  educated  at  Part 
ridge's  Military  Academy,  in  that  State,  and,  after 
that  institution  was  removed  to  Middletown,  Con 
necticut,  became  a  teacher  therein;  studied  law  at 
Middletown,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830, 
ifter  which  he  removed  to,  and  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in,  Pittsburg;  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in 
1833,  where  he  followed  his  profession  for  two 
years,  and  in  1835  removed  to  Pomeroy,  Ohio,  where 
ic  engaged  in  mining  and  manufacturing;  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  "  Constitutional  Convention  "  of 
1850;  in  1854  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ifth  Congress,  but  declined  a  nomination  for  the 
next  Congress;  was,  however,  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means;  in  1861  was  a  member  of  the  "Peace 
Congress,"  held  in  Washington;  was  also  a  Delegate 
o  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of 
1866. 

Hosford,  Jedediah;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
laving  removed  to  New  York,  was  elected  a  Repre- 
entative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to 
853. 


246 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Hoskins,  George  G.;  was  born  in  Bennington, 
New  York,  December  24,  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  wa^, 
elected  Clerk  of  his  native  town  in  1849,  and  held 
the  office  three  years;  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
twelve  successive  years;  in  1862  was  Supervisor; 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Bennington,  and  re 
tained  the  office  under  three  Presidents;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  tha  State  in  1860,  1865,  and 
1866,  and  in  1865  was  chosen  Speaker;  in  1868  was 
appointed  State  Commissioner  of  Public  Accounts, 
and  held  the  office  three  years;  in  1871  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue;  resigned  in  1873, 
having  been  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress; 
served  on  the  Committee  on  Accounts;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Hosmer,  Hezekiah  L.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1797  to  1799. 

Hosmer,  H.  L.;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Idaho. 

Hosmer,  Titus  ;  was  born  at  Middletown,  Con 
necticut,  in  1736;  was  a  member  of  the  Council;  of 
the  Assembly  from  1773  to  1778;  Speaker  in  1777; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775 
to  1779;  in  January,  1780,  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Maritime  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  United  States; 
was  a  signer  of  the  Articles  of  •  Confederation ;  was 
a  patron  of  Joel  Barlow,  who  wrote  a  poem,  on  his 
death,  inscribed  to  his  widow.  Died  at  Middletown, 
August  4,  1780. 

Hostetler,  Abraham  J.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Indiana,  November  22,  1818;  received  a 
common  school  education;  was  raised  on  a  farm; 
learned  the  trade  of  a  blacksmith;  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  from 
1854  to  1858;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Hostetter,  Jacob  ;  was  born  in  York,  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  in  1814,  in  the  place  of  J.  Spaugler,  resigned, 
and  again  from  1819  to  1821. 

Hotchkiss,  Giles  W.;  was  born  in  Windsor, 
Broome  County,  New  York,  October  25,  1815;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  and  on  Private  Land  Claims;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Claims,  and  Private  Land  Claims;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  Civil  Service,  and  on  the 
Committee  on  Claims.  Died  July  5,  1878. 

Hotchkiss,  Julius ;  was  born  in  Middletown, 
Connecticut,  in  1810;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits, 
which  he  subsequently  merged  into  the  manufactur 
ing  business;  when  his  native  place  was  organized 
into  a  city,  was  elected  its  lirst  Mayor;  was  twice 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1854  was  a  can 
didate  for  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  the  State;  in 
1867  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Connecticut 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Territories  and  Freedmen's  Affairs;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-iirst  Congress. 

Houck,  Jacob,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843. 


Houck,  Leonidas  C.;  was  born  in  Sevier  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  June  8,  1836  ;  was  self-educated; 
studied  law  while  working  at  the  trade  of  a  cabinet 
maker;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and  com 
menced  practice;  served  in  the  Union  army  from  1861 
to  1863,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  resigned  be 
cause  of  ill  health;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1865;  was  Judge  of  the 
Seventeenth  Judicial  Circuit  from  1866  to  1870:  then 
removed  to  Knoxville,  Tennessee;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1868;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1872  and  1876;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1872;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Hough,  David ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1803  to  1807. 

Hough,  William  J.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1835  and 
1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1845  to  1847. 

Houghton,  Sherman  O.;  was  born  in  New 
York,  April  10,  1828;  was  educated  at  a  commercial 
institute;  entered  the  army  as  a  private  in  184(>,  and 
was  sent  to  California  and  afterwards  to  Mexico, 
where  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war  with  that 
country,  having  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieu 
tenant;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  Mayor 
of  San  Francisco  in  1855;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  Weights  and  Measures. 

House,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Williamson  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  January  9,  1827;  graduated  at  Leb 
anon  Law  School  in  1850,  and  settled  in  Clarksville, 
Tennessee,  to  practice  law;  Avas  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1853;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1860;  in  1861  was  a  member  of  the  Pro 
visional  Congress  of  Confederate  States;  entered  the 
Southern  Army  and  remained  until  the  close  of  the 
war;  was  paroled  at  Columbus,  Mississippi,  soon 
after  the  surrender;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
the  Tennessee  Constitutional  Convention  of  1870; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Houseman,  Julius ;  was  born  at  the  village  of 
Zeckendorf,  in  the  Kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Germany, 
December  8,  1832;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  a  commercial  training,  in  his  native  village; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1851,  settling  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  in  1852;  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  filled  several  local  positions,  among 
them  being  those  of  Alderman  and  Mayor;  was  n, 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1871  and 
1872;  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor  in  1876;  in  that  year  retired  from  mercan 
tile  business  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lum 
ber;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Houser,  Samuel  T.;  was  born  in  1832;  was  an 
early  settler  in  the  Territory  of  Montana;  became 
largely  interested  in  mining,  and  was  successful; 
settled  at  Helena,  Montana;  became  President  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Helena;  in  July,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Montana  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Houston,  George  S.;  was  born  in  Williamson 
County,  Tennessee,  January  17, 1811;  removed,  when  ' 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


247 


quite  young,  to  the  Fifth  Congressional  District  of 
Alabama,  where  he  was  educated,  and  continued  to 
reside:  soon  after  attaining  the  age  of  twenty-one 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  elected  to  the  Alabama 
Legislature  and  served  two  sessions;  was,  for  a  time, 
Attorney  for  the  State,  or  Solicitor;  was  a  second 
time  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress  in  1841,  and  continued  to  serve, 
by  successive  re-elections,  until  1849,  when  he  volun 
tarily  retired,  for  the  purpose  of  resuming  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  again  elected  to  Congress,  in  1851, 
and  subsequently  re-elected,  serving  on  several  of 
the  leading  Committees,  and  officiating,  during  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary;  during  a  former  Congress  acted  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means; 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Special  Committee  of 
Thirty- three;  withdrew  in  February,  1861;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  was  Governor  of  Alabama  from 
1874  to  1876;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from 
Alabama  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1879.  Died  December  31,  1879. 

Houston,  James;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
liberally  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1806  was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Maryland. 

Houston,  John  ;  was  early  distinguished  in  the 
Revolutionary  movement,  and  was  one  of  the  four 
persons  to  call  the  first  meeting  of  the  Friends  of 
Liberty,  in  1774,  at  Savannah;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1777,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Naval  Committee;  would  have 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence  had  he  not 
been  called  home  to  counteract  the  influence  of  Dr. 
Zubly  in  opposition  to  it;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Council  in  May,  1777;  Governor  of  Georgia  from 
1778  to  1784;  in  1787  was  Commissioner  for  settling 
the  boundary  between  Georgia  and  South  Carolina; 
in  1792  was  appointed  first  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Georgia.  Died  in  Savannah,  July  20,  1796. 
He  was  the  son  of  Sir  Patrick  Houston. 

Houston,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Delaware;  studied  at  Newark  Academy,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1834;  studied  law  with  John 
M.  Clayton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837; 
was  Secretary  of  State  in  1841 ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Delaware  from  1845  to  1851;  in  1856 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Dela 
ware  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  ' '  Peace  Congress ' '  of 
1861. 

Houston,  Sam ;  was  born  in  Rockbridge  County, 
Virginia,  March  2,  1793;  lost  his  father  when  quite 
young,  and  his  mother  removed  with  her  family  to 
the  banks  of  the  Tennessee,  at  that  time  the  limit  of 
civilization;  received  but  a  scanty  education;  passed 
several  years  among  the  Cherokee  Indians,  and,  in 
fact,  through  all  his  life  seems  to  have  held  opinions 
with  Rousseau,  and  retained  a  predilection  for  life 
in  the  wilderness;  served  for  a  time  as  clerk  to  a 
country  trader,  and  taught  school;  in  1813  enlisted 
in  the  army  and  served  under  General  Jackson  in 
the  war  with  the  Creek  Indians;  distinguished 
himself  on  several  occasions,  and,  at  the  conclu 
sion  of  the  war,  had  risen  to  the  rank  of  Lieu 
tenant,  but  soon  resigned  his  commission  and 
commenced  the  study  of  law  at  Nashville;  it  was 
about  this  time  he  began  his  political  life;  after 
holding  several  minor  offices  in  Tennessee,  he  was, 
in  1823,  elected  to  Congress,  and  continued  a  mem 
ber  of  that  body  until  in  1827,  he  became  Governor 
of  Tennessee;  in  1829,  before  the  expiration  of  his 


gubernatorial  term,  resigned  his  office,  and  went  to 
take  up  his  abode  among  the  Cherokee  Indians,  in 
Arkansas;  during  his  residence  among  the  Indians, 
became  acquainted  with  the  frauds  practiced  upon 
them  by  the  Government  agents,  and  undertook  a 
mission  to  Washington  for  the  purpose  of  exposing 
them;  in  the  execution  of  this  project  he  met  with 
little  success;  became  involved  in  lawsuits,  and  re 
turned  to  his  Indian  friends;  during  a  visit  to  Texas, 
was  requested  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used  in  the 
canvass  for  a  Convention  which  was  to  meet  to  form 
a  Constitution  for  Texas,  prior  to  its  admission  into 
the  Mexican  Union;  consented,  and  was  unanimously 
elected;  the  Constitution  drawn  up  by  the  Conven 
tion  was  rejected  by  Santa  Anna,  at  that  time  in 
power,  and  the  disaffection  of  the  Texans,  caused 
thereby,  was  still  further  heightened  by  a  demand 
upon  them  to  give  up  their  arms;  they  determined 
upon  resistance;  a  militia  was  organized,  and  Austin, 
the  founder  of  the  colony,  was  elected  Commander- 
in-Chief,  in  which  office  he  was  shortly  after  suc 
ceeded  by  General  Houston;  he  conducted  the  war 
with  vigor,  and  finally  brought  it  to  a  successful  ter 
mination  by  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  which  was 
fought  in  April,  1836,  in  May,  1836  he  signed  a 
treaty  acknowledging  the  independence  of  Texas, 
and  in  October  of  the  same  year  was  inaugurated  the 
first  President  of  the  Republic;  at  the  end  of  his 
term  of  office,  as^the  same  person  could  not  constitu 
tionally  be  elected  President  twice  in  succession,  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Texas  Congress;  in  1841, 
however,  was  again  elevated  to  the  Presidential 
chair;  during  the  whole  time  that  he  held  that  office 
it  was  his  favorite  policy  to  effect  the  annexation  of 
Texas  to  the  United  States,  but  he  retired  from  office 
before  the  consummation  of  his  wishes;  in  1846 
Texas  became  one  of  the  States  of  the  Union,  and 
General  Houston  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  of  which  body  he  remained  a  member  until 
1859,  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  in  1859  was 
elected  Governor  of  Texas;  in  a  letter  that  he  ad 
dressed  to  the  compiler  of  this  volume  he  said,  in  his 
characteristic  manner,  that  he  "had  risen  from  a  Ser 
geant  up  to  President  of  a  Republic,  and  down  to  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States. "  Died  in  Huntsville, 
Texas.  July  25,  1863.  His  name  was  Sam — not 
Samuel,  as  generally  printed. 

Houston,  William  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Geor 
gia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1787, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  Federal  Constitution,  but  did  not  sign  the  instru 
ment. 

Houston,  "William  C.;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1768;  was  a  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
the  same;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1779  to  1782,  and  again 
in  1784  and  1785.  Died  in  1788. 

Hovey,  AlvinP.;  was  born  in  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio,  May  8,  1821 ;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1843;  entered  the  volunteer  service  during  the 
Rebellion  as  a  Major;  served  with  distinction  as 
Colonel  and  Brigadier-General  at  Shiloh,  Corinth, 
Champion  Hill  and  Vicksburg,  and  was  made  a 
brevet  Major-General;  after  the  war  resigned  ;  was 
appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Peru  in  1866. 

Howard,  Benjamin;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1807  to  1810,  when  he 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Indiana  Territory;  was 
appointed  Brigadier-General  in  the  United  States 
Army  in  1813;  was  once  Governor  of  Missouri  Ter 
ritory.  Died  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  September  18, 
1814. 


2-18 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Howard,  Benjamin  C.;  was  born  in  Maryland 
in  1791;  graduated  from  Princeton  College  in  1809; 
commanded  a  volunteer  company  at  the  battle  of 
North  Point  in  1814;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1828;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mary 
land  from  1829  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1839; 
from  1835  to  1850  was  a  General  of  Militia;  was  a 
Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  from  1843  to  18(52;  was  Democratic 
candidate  for  Governor  of  Maryland  in  1861;  was 
also  a  Delegate,  to  the  "  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861 ;  son 
of  John  E.  Howard.  Died  in  Baltimore  in  1872. 

Howard,  George;  was  a  native  of  Maryland; 
became  acting  Governor  in  183,J;  in  1832  was  elected 
Governor  of  Maryland,  remaining  in  office  until  1833. 

Howard,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Cranston,  Rhode 
Island,  April  2,  1826;  studied  law  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1851;  after  practicing  eight  years,  Avent  into 
commercial  business;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National 
Convention  of  1856,  which  nominated  Fremont;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872;  in  1873,  without  solic 
iting  the  honor,  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Is 
land,  and  re-elected  in  1874;  declined  a  re-nomina 
tion  for  1875. 

Howard,  Jacob  M.;  was  born  in  Shaftsbury, 
Vermont,  July  10,  1805;  was  educated  at  the  Acad 
emies  of  Bennington  and  Brattleborough,  and  at 
Williams  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1830; 
studied  law,  and  taught  in  an  academy  in  Massachu 
setts  for  a  time;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1833,  and 
came  to  the  bar  of  that  Territory  in  1833;  in  1838 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State;  from 
1841  to  1843  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Michigan;  in  1854  was  elected  Attorney-General  of 
the  State;  twice  re-elected,  serving  in  all  six  years, 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in  place  of 
K.  S.  Bingham,  deceased,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1865,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Military  Affairs,  the  Judiciary,  and  Private  Land 
Claims;  was  re  elected  Senator  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1865  and  ending  in  1871,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Claims,  Private  Land  Claims,  the  Li 
brary,  the  Special  Joint  Committee  on  the  Rebellious 
States,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Ordnance;  re 
ceived  from  Williams  College,  1866,  the  degree  of 
LL.D. ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyal 
ists'  Convention ' '  of  the  same  year.  Died  at  Detroit, 
April  2,  1871.  As  an  author  he  published,  in  1847, 
a  translation  from  the  French  of  the  "Secret  Memoirs 
of  the  Empress  Josephine."  He  drew  up  the  plat 
form  of  the  first  convention  of  the  Republican  party 
in  1854,  and  is  said  to  have  given  it  its  name. 

Howard,  John  Eager;  was  born  June  4,  1752, 
in  Baltimore  County,  Maryland;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College;  entered  the  army  in  1776  as  a  Captain  in 
the  regiment  of  Colonel  J.  C.  Hall ;  in  the  following 
year  was  promoted;  finally  succeeded  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Second  Maryland  Regiment;  was  an 
efficient  coadjutor  of  Greene  during  the  campaign  of 
the  South,  distinguishing  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Cowpens,  when,  said  Lee,  "He  seized  the  critical 
moment,  and  turned  the  fortune  of  the  day";  also  at 
Guilford,  and  the  Entaws;  was  in  the  engagement  of 
White  Plains,  Germantown,  Monrnouth,  Camden,  and 
Hobkirk's  Hill;  having  been  trained  to  the  infantry 
service,  he  was  remarkably  apt  at  charging  into 
close  battle  with  fixed  bayonet;  at  Cowpens 
this  mode  of  fighting  was  resorted  to  for  the 


first  time  in  the  war,  and  in  this  battle  he 
had  in  his  hands  at  one  time  the  swords  of 
seven  officers  who  had  surrendered  to  him  personally; 
on  this  occasion  he  saved  the  life  of  the  British  Gen 
eral  O'Hara,  whom  he  found  clinging  to  his  stirrup 
and  asking  quarter;  when  the  army  was  disbanded 
he  retired  to  his  patrimonial  estate  near  Baltimore; 
in  1787  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress; 
in  1788  was  chosen  Governor  of  Maryland,  and  held 
the  office  three  years;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1792;  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Maryland 
from  1796  to  1803,  and  was  President  pro  1cm.  of  the 
Senate  in  the  Sixth  Congress.  Died  October  12, 
1827. 

Howard,  Jonas  Gr.;  Avas  born  in  Floyd  County, 
Indiana;  removed  to  Jeffersonville,  Clark  County; 
Indiana;  Avas  educated  at  Asbury  College,  Green- 
castle,  Indiana;  "graduated  in  the  laAv  from  the  State 
University  at  Bloomington,  Indiana,  in  1851;  en 
gaged  in  the  practiceof  laAv  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana; 
Avas  elected  a  RepresentatiAre,  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1862,  and  again  in  1864;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1868,  and  again  in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representa- 
tiA'e  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Howard,  Robert  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Arkansas; 
studied  laAv,  and  engaged  in  practice,  attaining  emi 
nence  in  his  profession;  in  June,  1885,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Cleveland,  Assistant  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States  in  the  Department  of  Justice,  at 
Washington. 

Howard,  Tilghman  A. ;  was  born  near  Pickens- 
ville,  South  Carolina,  November  14,  1797;  received  a 
limited  education,  and  commenced  active  life  as  a 
clerk  in  a  store,  and  as  a  schoolmaster;  removed  to 
Tennessee  and  deAroted  himself  to  the  law;  Avhen 
twenty-seven  years  of  age  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Tennessee  Legislature;  Avas  a  Jackson  Elector  in 
1830;  during  that  year  removed  to  Indiana,  and  Avas 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  District  Attorney 
for  that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Indiana  from  1839  to  1841;  was  appointed  (.-liaise 
(P Affaires  to  Texas  in  1844,  in  which  Republic  lie 
died,  August  16,  1844. 

Howard,  Volney  E. ;  was  born  in  Norridge- 
Avock,  Maine;  studied  laAv;  emigrated  to  Mississippi, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  as  an  editor,  and 
fought  two  duels,  first  Avith  S.  S.  Prentiss,  and  next 
with  Governor  McNutt;  emigrated  to  Texas;  Avas 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1853. 

Howard,  William;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revisal 
and  Unfinished  Business. 

Howard,  "William  A.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1839;  having 
taken  up  his  residence  in  Michigan,  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Ways  and  Means;  successfully  contested  the 
seat  of  G.  JB.  Cooper,  in  1860,  and  became  a  member 
of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Select  Committee  of  Thirty-three;  in  18(51  Avas 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Postmaster  at  De 
troit;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
ConA'entiorr'  of  18S6;  in  1869  was  appointed  Minister 
to  China,  but  defined  the  position;  Avas  Governor  of 
Dakota  from  1878  to  1880. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Howe,  Albert  R.;  was  born  in  Brookfield,  Mas 
sachusetts,  January  2,  1840;  was  well  educated: 
served  in  the  Forty-seventh  Massachusetts  Infantry 
as  Sergeant,  Lieutenant,  and  Acting  Adjutant,  par 
ticipating  in  the  campaign  in  North  Carolina;  was 
commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Mas 
sachusetts  Cavalry;  promoted  to  be  Major,  serving 
in  Virginia  and  Texas  until  November,  1865;  settled 
in  Mississippi,  on  a  cotton  plantation,  in  1865;  was 
a  member  of  the  Mississippi  State  Convention  in 
1868 ;  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  National  Convention  in 
1868;  was  appointed  Treasurer  of  Panola  County  in 
1869;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1870,  1871, 
and  1872;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Howe,  James  H. ;  was  born  in  Maine;  removed 
to  Wisconsin ;  in  1873  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Wisconsin,  resid 
ing  in  Kenosha. 

Howe,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
having  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1853. 

Howe,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  set 
tled  in  Pennsylvania;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1851  to  1855;  was  for  many  years 
Cashier,  and  then  President,  of  the  Exchange  Bank, 
of  Pittsburg. 

Howe,  Thomas  Y.,  Jr.;  was  a  native  of  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.;  was  born  in  Livermore, 
Oxford  County,  Maine,  February  7,  1816;  received 
an  academic  education  at  the  Readfield  Seminary; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839; 
settled  at  Readfield;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Maine  in  1845;  in  the  latter  part  of  that  year  re 
moved  to  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin;  was  elected  a  Cir 
cuit  Judge  in  that  State,  in  1850,  holding  the  office 
until  1855,  when  he  resigned;  in  1861  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Wisconsin,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1867,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Fi 
nance,  Commerce,  Pensions  and  Claims,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills  and  of  those 
on  the  Library  and  Claims,  and  subsequently  on 
those  on  Appropriations  and  Revolutionary  Claims; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' 
Convention  "  of  1866;  in  January,  1867,  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1873; 
and  again  for  the  term  ending  in  1879,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Claims  and  the  Li 
brary  of  Congress;  in  January,  1882,  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General  in  the  Cabinet  of  President 
Arthur.  Died,  suddenly,  at  Keuosha,  Wisconsin, 
March  25,  1883. 

Ho  well,  David ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  Jan 
uary  1,  1747;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1766;  removed  to  Rhode  Island,  and  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  Mathematics  in 
1796,  and  from  1790  to  1824  was  Professor  of  Law  in 
Brown  University;  practiced  law  in  Providence,  and 
became  eminent;  was  for  some  time  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1782  to  1785;  after  the  re-organization  of  the  General 
Government,  was  appointed  Commissioner  to  settle 
the  Eastern  Boundary  of  the  United  States;  was  sub 
sequently  District  Attorney;  from  1812  to  his  death, 
was  District  Judge  for  Rhode  Island;  was  a  dis 
tinguished  classical  scholar  and  political  writer. 
Died  July  29,  1824. 


Ho  well,  Edward ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
j  York    Assembly  in   1832;  was   a   Repi'esentative   in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

Howell,  Elias  ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey ;  having 
taken  up  his  residence  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1835  to 
1837. 

Howell,  James  B. ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
July  4,  1816;  removed  to  Newark,  Licking  County, 
Ohio,  in  1819;  graduated  at  Miami  University  in 
1837;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1839;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1841,  where  he  practiced 
law  for  several  years;  in  1845  purchased  a  paper  and 
engaged  in  the  newspaper  business;  removing  to 
Keokuk  in  1849.  started  the  Daily  Whig,  afterwards 
the  Daily  Gate  City;  took  a  prominent  part  in  or 
ganizing  the  Republican  party  in  Iowa  in  1855  and 
1856;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Fremont  Convention  in 
1856;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  W.  Grimes, 
in  January,  1870;  in  1871  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Southern  Claims  Commission. 

Howell,  Jeremiah  B.;  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1789;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1811 
to  1817.  Died  in  1822,  aged  fifty  years. 

Howell,  Nathaniel ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1788;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815.  Died  at  Canan- 
daigua,  New  York,  October  16,  1851,  aged  eighty- 
one  years. 

Howell,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Delaware,  1754; 
practiced  law;  commanded  a  company  of  Grenadiers 
before  the  Revolutionary  War;  in  1775  was  appointed 
Captain  of  the  Second  New  Jersey  Regiment;  distin 
guished  himself  at  Quebec;  was  promoted  to  Major 
in  1776,  and  commanded  his  regiment  until  1779; 
was  appointed  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Army  in  1782, 
but  declined;  resuming  the  practice  of  law,  was 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  1778  to  1793;  was 
Governor  from  1794  to  1801.  Died  at  Trenton,  New 
Jersey,  April  28,  1802. 

Howell,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Michigan; 
removed  to  New  York,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Howey,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  at  Pleasant 
Meadows,  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  March 
17,  1828;  received  an  academic  education  in  addition 
to  the  instruction  of  private  tutors;  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  engaged  in  the  grain  and  flour  commission 
business  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania;  in  1855  re 
moved  to  Warren  County,  New  Jersey,  and  engaged 
in  the  business  of  quarrying,  and  manufacturing, 
roofing  and  school  slates;  was  a  Captain  in  the  Union 
Army  in  1862  and  1863;  was  elected  Sheriff  in  1878; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Howland,  Benjamin ;  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1804  to  1809.  Died  May  6,  1821. 

Howley,  Richard ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Geor 
gia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1781. 

Hoyt,  Henry  Martyn  ;  was  born  at  Kingston, 
Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  June,  1830;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education,  graduating  from  Wil 
liams  College  in  1849;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 


250 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


the  bar  in  1853,  and  commenced  practice  at  Wilkes- 
barre,  Pennsylvania;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from 
1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  of  Luzerne  County  in  1867;  was  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1879  to  1883;  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  from  Lafayette  College;  upon  the  expiration  of 
his  gubernatorial  term  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  the 
practice  of  law. 

Hoyt,  John  P.;  was  born  at  Austinburg,  Ashta- 
bula  County,  Ohio,  October  6,  1841;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  Civil  War;  studied  law,  and 
graduated  from  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law  Col 
lege  in  1867;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  same 
year,  and  removed  to  Michigan,  where  he  practiced 
law  for  nine  years;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Mich 
igan  Legislature  in  1873  and  1875;  was  Speaker  the 
latter  term;  in  1876  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Ari 
zona  Territory,  and  in  1877  became  Governor  of  that 
Territory;  in  1878  was  tendered  the  appointment  of 
Governor  of  Idaho  Territory,  but  declined  it;  in  1879 
was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Washington  Territory,  and  was  re-appointed 
in  1883. 

Hoyt,  John  W.;  was  a  resident  of  Wisconsin, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  literary  pursuits;  was,  for 
a  time,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Railroad  Commis 
sioners  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin ;  in  1878  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Governor  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Wyoming  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Hubard,  Edmund  "W.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1847. 

Hubbard,  Asahel  W.;  was  born  in  Haddam, 
Connecticut,  January  18,  1819;  received  a  district 
school  education;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1838,  and 
taught  school  for  a  time;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1841;  in  1847  was  elected  to  the  Indiana 
Legislature,  and  served  three  years;  in  1857  removed 
to  Iowa,  and  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judi 
cial  District  of  that  State;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  and  of  the  Special  Committee  to  visit  the 
Indian  Tribes  of  the  West;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures  and  Indian  Affairs;  also  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  his  old  Com 
mittees. 

Hubbard,  Chester  D.;  was  born  in  Hamden, 
Connecticut,  November  25,  1814;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Western  Pennsylvania  in  1815;  thence  to 
Wheeling,  Virginia,  in  1819;  graduated  at  the  Wes- 
leyan  University  in  1840;  was  engaged  in  the  lumber, 
iron,  and  banking  business;  in  1852  and  1853  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Legislature;  was  a  member 
of  the  "Richmond  Convention  "  of  1861;  and  also  of 
the  "  Wheeling  Convention  "  of  the  same  year;  served 
one  term  in  the  Senate  of  West  Virginia,  after  its 
organization;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Baltimore  Con 
vention  "  of  1864;  was  the  Commissioner  from  West 
Virginia  to  the  Soldiers'  National  Cemetery;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures,  and  on  Banking  and  Currency;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  old 
Committees  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Interior  De 
partment  Expenses. 


Hubbard,  David;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  for  a  second  term  from  1849  to  1851. 

Hubbard,  Demas,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Winfield, 
County  of  Herkimer,  New  York,  January  17,  1806; 
received  an  academic  education;  was  devoted  to  farm 
ing  and  the  practice  of  law;  was  for  many  years 
Supervisor  of  Chenango  County,  and  four  years  Chair 
man  of  the  Board  ;  from  1838  to  1840  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office 
and  Post"  Roads.  Died  in  Smyrna,  New  York  Sep 
tember  2,  1873. 

Hubbard,  Henry;  was  born  in  Charlestown, 
New  Hampshire,  May  3,  1784;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1803;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Charlestown;  entered  early  into  public 
life;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  for  some  years  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
Judge  of  Probate  for  Sullivan  County  from  1827  to 
1829;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to 
1835,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1841; 
was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1842  and  1843; 
from  1846  to  1849  was  United  States  Assistant  Treas 
urer  in  Boston;  for  a  part  of  the  time  during  the 
Twenty-eighth  Congress,  he  acted  as  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Died  at  Charlestown, 
New  Hampshire,  June  5,  1857. 

Hubbard,  John  ;  was  born  in  Readfield,  Maine, 
March  22,  1794;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1816;  was  a  supporter  of  the  Maine  Liquor  Law; 
taught  at  Hallo  well  Academy,  Maine,  for  two  years; 
and  in  Dinwiddie  County,  Virginia,  two  years;  prac 
ticed  medicine  in  the  latter  place  from  1822  to  1829; 
removed  to  Hallowell  in  1830;  was  State  Senator  in 
1842  and  1843;  Governor  of  Maine  from  1850  to  1853; 
agent  for  the  United  States  Treasury  for  the  New 
England  States  from  1857  to  1859,  and  from  1859  to 
1861  a  Commissioner  under  the  Reciprocity  Treaty 
with  Great  Britain;  received  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1822-  and 
LL.  D.  from  Wat  College  in  1851.  Died  at  Hallowell, 
February  6,  1869. 

Hubbard,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Salisbury 
Litchfield  County,  Connecticut,  in  1805;  received  a, 
good  common  school  education;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826,  and  was  a  regular 
practitioner  of  his  profession  until  1855;  for"  live 
years  was  Attorney  for  the  County  of  Litchfield  •  was 
twice  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1863  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Patents  and  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Roads  and  Canals  and 
on  Patents;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Hubbard,  Jonathan  H.;  was  born  in  1768- 
was  one  of  the  most  esteemed  citizens  of  Vermont' 
and  was  distinguished  as  a.  jurist;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1809  to  1811,  and  for  many 
years  was  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont.  His  death  occurred  where  most  of  his 
s  spent,  at  Windsor,  Vermont,  September  20, 


Hubbard    Levi;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  in  1804  and  1805:  a  State  Sena 
tor  in  1806,  1807,  1811,  and  1816;  was  a  Repr^. 
tive   m  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


251 


1815;  for  some  years  a  County  Treasurer;  a  State 
Counselor  in  1829;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1820  and 
1828. 

Hubbard,  Lucius  F.;  was  born  in  Troy,  New 
York,  January  26,  1836;  was  left  an  orphan  at  the 
age  of  three  years;  received  an  academic  education; 
learned  the  trade  of  a  tinsmith ;  in  1854  removed  to 
Chicago  Illinois;  in  1857  removed  to  Minnesota,  and 
established  the  Republican  newspaper,  at  Eed  Wing; 
in  1858  was  elected  Register  of  Deeds,  and  served  two 
years;  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  and  was 
made  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  promoted  to  a  Col 
onelcy  in  1862;  took  part  in  twenty -four  battles,  and 
was  a  Brigadier-General  when  mustered  out  of  ser 
vice;  returned  to  Red  Wing,  and  engaged  in  the 
milling  business;  in  1872  was  elected  State  Senator; 
was  re-elected  in  1874;  in  1881  was  elected  Governor 
of  Minnesota,  for  a  term  of  three  years;  in  1884  was 
re-elected. 

Hubbard,  Richard  Bennet;  was  horn  in 
Walton  County,  Georgia,  November  1,  1832;  received 
a  classical  education,  graduating  from  Mercer  Uni 
versity,  Georgia,  in  1850;  studied  law  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  at  Harvard  University,  Mas 
sachusetts,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution 
with  the  degree  of  LL.  B. ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1853;  immediately  thereafter  emigrated  to 
Texas  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a 
Deletrate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  of 
1856;  was  United  States  District  Attorney  from  1856 
to  1858;  was  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1858;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  of  1860;  was  a  Colonel  in  the  Confederate 
Army;  in  1874  was  President  of  the  Democratic  State 
Convention;  in  that  year  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Texas,  and  was  ex-officio,  President  of 
the  State  Senate;  in  1876,  by  the"  election  of  Gov 
ernor  Coke  to  the  United  States  Senate,  became  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State,  serving  as  such  until  1879;  deliv 
ered  the  Centennial  Address,  on  behalf  of  Texas,  at 
Philadelphia,  in  1876,  by  special  designation;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  State  and  National  Con 
ventions  of  1880;  in  the  latter  seconding  the  nomina 
tion  of. the  successful  candidate,  and  taking  a 
prominent  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the  Convention ; 
retired  from  active  political  life  and  engaged  in  de 
veloping  the  resources  of  the  State;  in  April,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Ex 
traordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Japan. 

Hubbard,  Richard  Dudley ;  was  born  at  Ber 
lin,  Connecticut,  September 7,  1818;  graduated  from 
Yale  College  in  1839;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1842,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Hartford,  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1842,  1843,  1855,  and  1858; 
was  State's  Attorney  for  Hartford  County  from  1864 
to  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Connecti 
cut  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  and  declined  a  re-nom 
ination  ;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor 
in  1872;  in  1876  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecti 
cut,  and  served  two  years;  was  re-nominated  in  1878, 
but  was  defeated  at  the  polls.  Died  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  February  28,  1884. 

Hubbard,  Samuel  Dickinson;  was  born  at 
Middletown,  Connecticut,  August  10,  1799;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1819;  studied  law,  but  did 
not  practice,  devoting  himself  chiefly  to  the  nianu- 
facturingbusiness;  served  asa  Representative  through 
the  Twenty-ninth  and  Thirtieth  Congresses;  in  1852 
was  appointed  Postmaster-General,  and  held  the 
office  until  the  close  of  President  Fillmore's  admin 
istration,  after  which  he  retired  to  private  life;  was 


zealous  in  the  cause  of  education,  and  assisted  in  the 
establishment  of  the  City  High  School  at  Middle- 
town.  Died  October  8,  1855. 

Hubbard,  Thomas  H.;  was  a  native  of  New 
Haven,  Connecticut,  and  a  graduate  of  Yale  College 
in  1798;  studied  law;  settled  at  Hamilton,  in  Madi 
son  County,  New  York,  and  was  there  Surrogate  for 
ten  years;  in  1823  removed  to  Utica;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from  1817  to 
1819,  and  from  1821  to  1823;  was  Presidential  Elector 
in_1812,  1844,  and  1852.  Died  in  Utica,  May  22, 
1857,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Hubbell,  Edwin  N.;  was  born  in  Coxsackle, 
New  York,  August  13,  1815;  received  an  academic 
education;  was  chiefly  devoted  to  the  pursuits  of 
manufacturing  and  farming;  held,  for  a  time,  the 
office  of  County  Supervisor;  in  1864  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufac 
tures,  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department,  and 
Free  Schools  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Hubbell,  James  R.;  was  born  in  Delaware 
County,  Ohio,  in  1824;  received  an  ordinary  educa 
tion;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  four 
times  in  the  State  Legislature,  twice  as  Speaker  of 
the  House;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in 
1834  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  War  Department  and  Agriculture;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of 
1866. 

Hubbell,  Jay  A.;  was  born  in  Avon,  Michigan, 
September  15,  1829;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Michigan  in  1853;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855; 
removed  to  Ontonagon,  Michigan,  in  1855;  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  the  Upper  Peninsula  in 
1857  and  1859;  removed  to  Houghton  in  1860;  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1861,  1863,  and  1865; 
was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  until  1870;  was 
elected  to  the  forty-third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Banking  and  Currency,  District  of  Columbia, 
and  Mines  and  Mining:  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  de 
clined  a  further  re-nomination. 

Hubbell,  Sidney  A.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
emigrated  to  New  Mexico;  was  appointed  an  Associ 
ate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  Terri 
tory,  residing  at  Santa  Fe. 

Hubbell,  William  S.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1841 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845. 

Hubbs,  Orlando  ;  was  born  in  New  York,  Feb 
ruary  18,  1840;  received  a  good  education;  settled  at 
Newberne,  North  Carolina;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress. 

Hubley,  Edward  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1835  to  1839. 
Died  February  23,  1856,  in  Philadelphia. 

Hudd,  Thomas  R.;  was  born  at  Buffalo,  New 
York,  October  2,  1835;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
1853,  and  settled  in  Appleton,  from  whence,  in  1868, 
he  removed  to  Green  Bay;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  printing  office  and  Lawrence  Univers 
ity;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  District  Attorney  oi 
Outagamie  County,  Wisconsin,  in  1856  and  1857- 


252 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


was  City  Attorney  of  Green  Bay  in  1873  and  1874 : 
was  State  Senator  from  the  Twenty-second  District 
in  1862  and  1863;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assem 
bly  in  1868  and  1875;  was  State  Senator  in  1876, 
1877,  1878,  and  1871);  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  1880;  was  again  a 
State  Senator  in  1882  and  1883,  and  was  re-electe 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress  as  a  Democrat,  to  rill  the  va 
cancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Honorable  Joseph 
Rahkin,  and  took  his  seat  March  8,  1886. 

Hudson,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Marlborough. 
Massachusetts,  November  14,  1795;  passed  his  youth 
as  a  student  in  a  village  school,  and  also  as  a  teacher, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  was  a  day  laborer  on  a 
farm;  in  1819  was  licensed  as  a  preacher  of  the  Uni- 
versalist  persuasion;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  from  1828  to  1833;  a  State  Senator 
from  1833  to  1839;  a  State  Counselor  from  1839  to 
1841;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1841,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1849;  was  subsequently  appointed 
Naval  Officer  for  Boston,  Massachusetts,  by  the  Fed 
eral  Government,  serving  from  1849  to  1853;  in  1864 
was  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  at  Lexington, 
Massachusetts. 

Hudson,  Silas  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Iowa;  in 
1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Guatemala, 
where  he  remained  until  1872. 

Hufty,  Jacob;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1809  to  1814 

Huger,  Benjamin ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1799  to  1805,  and 
for  a  second  term  from  1815  to  1817. 

Huger,  Daniel;  was  a  member  of  the  Conti 
nental  Congress;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Con 
gress  of  the  United  States  from  South  Carolina  from 
1789  to  1793. 

Huger,  Daniel  Elliot ;  was  a  citizen  of  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1798;  for  nearly  half  a  century  was  identified  with 
the  public  service  of  his  State  as  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  State  Senate,  and  Judge  of  her  Courts; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1843  to  1846.  Died  in  Charleston  in  August,  1854. 

Hughes,  Charles;  was  born  in  Georgia;  settled 
in  New  York;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855;  iu  1862  was 
appointed  Provost-Marshal  for  the  Sixteenth  District 
of  New  York. 

Hughes,  Christopher;  was  a  native  of  Mary 
land;  was  a  man  of  education  and  culture,  and  held 
the  following  diplomatic  appointments:  Secretary  of 
Legation  to  England  in  1814;  same  to  Sweden  and 
Norway  in  1816;  acted  as  Charge  d?  Affaires  in  1817, 
and  commissioned  as  such  in  1819;  from  1825  to 
1830  Cliarge  (V  Affaires  to  the  Netherlands,  with  spe 
cial  instructions  to  Denmark;  from  1830  to  1840  was 
Charge  dj  Affaires  to  Sweden  and  Norway;  re-commis 
sioned  in  1842;  returned  to  this  country  in  1845. 
Died  in  Baltimore,  September  18,  1849. 

Hughes,  George  W.;  was  born  in  New  York 
in  1806;  was  educated  at  the  West  Point  Academy, 
where  he  graduated  in  1827;  adopted  the  profession 
of  civil  engineer,  and  was  employed  as  such  for  some 
years  in  New  York;  in  1830  was  appointed  a  Civil 
Engineer  in  the  General  Government,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  remained  until  1838,  when  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Corp.?  of  Topographical  Engineers  in  the 


Regular  Army;  resigned  in  1851,  and  was  made 
President  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad;  in  1«59 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the 
Thirty -sixth  Congress;  visited  Europe  to  perfect 
himself  in  his  studies;  helped  to  locate  the  railroad 
across  the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  served  with  distinc 
tion  in  the  War  with  Mexico,  receiving  two  brevets. 
Died  at  West  River,  Maryland,  in  1870. 

Hughes,  James  ;  was  born  at  Hampstead,  Mary- 
laud,  November  24,  1823;  was  educated  at  the  State 
University  of  Indiana;  began  the  practice  of  law  at 
Bloomington,  Indiana,  in  1842;  was  appointed  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  Sixteenth  Regiment  of  United 
States  Infantry,  one  of  the  ten  regiments  in  the  Mex 
ican  War,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  then 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law  iu  Bloomington ;  in 
1852  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  for  six  years;  in  1853 
was  elected  Professor  of  Law  in  the  University  of 
Indiana,  and  served  three  years;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Indiana  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Claims,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  in  1865;  in  May,  1866,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  a  Cotton  Agent  for  the  Treas 
ury  Department;  subsequently  settled  in  Washington 
City  as  an  Attorney-at-law,  but  was  soon  afterwards 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Indiana. 

Hughes,  James  M.;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
wa^  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Hughes,  Robert  W.;  was  born  in  Powhatan 
County,  Virginia,  June  6,  1821;  was  chiefly  educated 
at  the  Caldwell  Institute,  North  Carolina;  was,  for  a 
time,  a  tutor  in  the  Bingham  High  School;  studied 
law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846,  locating  in  Rich 
mond;  from  1853  until  1857  was  the  editor  of  the 
Richmond  Examiner;  wrote  for  two  years  for  the 
Washington  Union;  attended  the  Charleston  Conven 
tion  of  1860;  subsequently  wrote  for  the  Republic  and 
State  Journal  in  Richmond;  in  1873  was  the  Republi 
can  candidate  for  Governor  of  Virginia,  but  not 
elected;  in  1874  was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Judge  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Virginia;  was 
the  author  of  two  biographies — of  Secretary  of  War 
John  B.  Floyd,  and  of  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston; 
in  1879  published  a  popular  treatise  on  the  currency 
question,  which  was  commended  by  the  Comptroller 
of  the  Currency;  between  the  years  1877  and  1882 
published  five  volumes  of  Reports  of  Decisions  in 
United  States  Courts  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit; 
the  third  of  these  Reports  contains  the  decision  of 
Judge  Hughes  in  the  famous  case  of  the  Arlington 
estate,  which  decision  was  sustained  by  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court. 

Hughes,  Simon  P.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1830;  attended  school  and  college  in  his  native  Slate 
until  1849,  at  which  time  he  went  to  Arkansas,  set 
tling  in  Monroe  County;  was  Sheriff  oi  Monroe 
County  in  1854  and  1855;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1857  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law;  in  1861  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  Cap 
tain;  soon  after  became  a  Lieutenant-Colonel;  on  the 
re-organization  of  his  regiment  was  left  out,  and  re- 
entered  the  service  as  a  private  soldier;  served 
throughout  the  war;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  of  Arkansas  in  1866  and  1867;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  At- 
t  >rney-General  of  Arkansas,  in  which  office  he  served 
two  years;  in  1884  was  elected  Governor  of  Arkansas 
for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  in  1886  was  re-noin- 
inated  by  acclamation,  and  re-elected. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


253 


Hughes,  Thomas  H.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1829  to  1833. 

Hughston,  Jonas  A.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress;  in  1845  was  District  Attorney  for 
Delaware  County ;  was  subsequently  Marshal  of 
Shanghai,  China,  where  he  died  in  1862. 

Hugunin,  Daniel,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  New  York;  was  distinguished  as  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  participated  in  the  stirring 
events  on  the  Niagara  frontier,  -and  the  battle  of 
Queenstown,  with  General  Scott,  where  he  was  taken 
prisoner;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1825  to  1827;  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature,  and  at  a  later  period  United  States  Marshal 
for  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  under  an  appointment 
from  President  Harrison.  Died  at  Kenosha,  Wiscon 
sin,  June,  1850,  aged  fifty-nine  years. 

Hulbert,  John  "W.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1814  to  1817,  hav 
ing  succeeded  Daniel  Dewey,  resigned. 

Hulburd,  Calvin  T.;  was  born  in  Stockholm, 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York,  June  5,  1809; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  in  1829; 
read  law  at  Yale  College;  adopted  the  occupation  of 
farming;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
from  1842  to  1844,  and  again  in  1862;  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Agriculture,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Library,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Expenditures,  and  also  of  that  on  the  Custom 
House  Frauds  in  New  York;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Foitieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Re 
construction;  in  1867  received,  from  Hamilton  Col 
lege,  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Hulburd,  Hiland  R.;  was  appointed  Deputy 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency  in  1865,  and  in  1867 
was  made  Comptroller,  remaining  in  office  until 

1872. 

Hull,  Noble  A.;  was  born  in  Camden  County, 
Georgia,  March  11,  1827;  was  educated  in  his  native 
county  and  at  Savannah;  became  a  merchant;  re 
moved  to  Florida;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Florida  Legislature  in  1860  and  1861 ;  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army  as  Captain;  was  elected  Lieu 
tenant-Governor  of  Florida  in  1876;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Florida  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Hull,  "William ;  was  born  in  Derby,  Connecticut, 
June  24,  1753;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1772; 
came  to  the  bar  in  1775,  but  soon  entered  the  Revo 
lutionary  Army  as  a  Captain;  was  rapidly  promoted, 
and  became  Inspector  of  the  Army  under  Baron 
Steuben;  was  present  at  the  battles  of  White  Plains, 
Trenton,  Princeton,  Stillwater,  Saratoga,  Monmouth 
and  Stony  Point,  and  for  his  services  at  Morrisiana 
received  the  thanks  of  Washington;  two  years  after 
his  surrender  to  the  British  at  Detroit  was  tried  by 
court-martial  and  sentenced  to  be  shot,  but  on  ac 
count  of  his  age  and  public  services  the  sentence  was 
remitted  by  President  Madison,  by  whom  he  had 
been  made  Commander-in-Chief ;  it  is  now  agreed 
among  historians  that  his  reasons  for  giving  up  De 
troit  to  the  British  General  Brock  were  not  cowardice 
or  disloyalty;  in  1824  he  published  a  series  of  letters 
in  vindication  of  himself.  Died  at  Newtown,  Massa 
chusetts,  November  29,  1625. 


Humphrey,  Charles;  was  born  in  Haverford, 
Pennsylvania,  about  1712;  was  brought  up  in  the 
milling  business,  in  which  he  was  long  and  exten 
sively  engaged;  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution;  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  Assembly  from  1764  to 
1774,  and  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1774  to  1776;  although  he  opposed  the  measures 
of  Great  Britain,  he  voted  against  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Died  in  Haverford  in  1786. 

Humphrey,  Herman  L..;  was  born  at  Candor, 
New  York,  March  14, 1830:  received  a  common  school 
and  academic  education;  became  a  merchant's  clerk; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854;  removed 
to  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  and  commenced  practice  in 
1855;  was  appointed  District  Attorney;  in  1860  was 
appointed  County  Judge,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  in 
1861  was  elected  to  the  same  office  for  a  full  term; 
was  elected  State  Senator,  and  resigned  the  Judge- 
ship  in  1862;  was  Mayor  of  Hudson  one  year;  was 
Circuit  Judge  from  1867  to  1877;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty -sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Humphrey,  James;  was  born  inFairfield,  Con 
necticut,  October  9,  1811;  in  1831  graduated  at  Am- 
herst  College,  of  which  his  father,  Rev.  Heman 
Humphrey,  was  for  many  years  President;  in  1832 
had  charge  of  Plainfield  Academy,  Connecticut ; 
studied  law  and  commenced  practice  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  where  he  remained  only  one  year;  in  1838 
removed  to  the  City  of  New  York,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs, 
and  of  the  Select  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the 
Rebellious  States;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -ninth 
Congress;  during  the  summer  of  1865  visited  Europe 
on  a  tour  of  pleasure;  in  the  Thirty -ninth  Congress 
served  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy 
Department.  Died  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  June 
16,  1866. 

Humphrey,  J.  M.;  was  born  in  Holland,  Erie 
County,  New  York,  September  21,  1819;  received  a 
common  school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law;  was  District  Attorney  for  Erie  County  in  1857, 
1858,  and  1859;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
from  1863  to  1865;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Commerce  and  the  Special  Com 
mittee  on  the  Civil  Service;  in  1865  was  President  of 
the  "Democratic  State  Convention";  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  additional 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Depart 
ment. 

Humphrey,  Reuben;  was,  for  four  years,  a- 
Senator  in  the  Legislature  of  New  York  from  Onon- 
daga  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1807  to  1809. 

Humphreys,  Andrew;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  James 
D.  Williams,  serving  from  December,  1876,  to  March, 
1877. 

Humphreys,  Charles;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774 
to  1776. 

Humphreys,  David ;  was  born  in  Derby,  Con 
necticut,  in  1753;  educated  at  Yale  College;  in  1780 
became  a  Colonel  and  Aid-de-camp  to  Washington, 
with  whom  he  resided  for  a  considerable  time;  in 


254 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1784  accompanied  Thomas  Jefferson  to  Europe  as 
Secretary  of  Legation;  in  1786  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Connecticut;  was  Minister  to  Portugal 
in  1791;  to  Algiers  in  1793,  and  to  Spain  in  1796; 
commanded  two  Connecticut  Regiments  in  the  War 
of  1812;  acquired  considerable  fame  as  a  writer,  es 
pecially  of  poetry,  and  a  collection  of  his  writings 
was  published  in  New  York  in  1804.  Died  in  New 
Haven,  February  21,  1818. 

Humphreys,  David.  C.;  was  born  in  Alabama; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  from  that  State 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Humphreys,  Jacob;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1819  to  1821. 

Humphreys,  Perry  W.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1813  to  1815. 

Humphries,  Benjamin  G-.;  was  Governor  of 
Mississippi  from  1866  to  1868. 

Hung-erford,  John  N.;  was  born  at  Vernon, 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  December  31,  1825;  grad 
uated  at  Hamilton  College  in  1846;  became  a  banker 
in  1848,  and  continued  in  that  vocation;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention  of  1872; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died  at  Corning,  New  York, 
April  2,  1883. 

Hungerford,  John  P.;  was  born  in  1769;  was 
an  officer  of  the  Revolution ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1813  to  1817;  Brigadier- 
General  of  Virginia  Militia  on  the  Potomac  in  1814; 
commanding  in  support  of  Commodore  Porter's  artil 
lery  at  the  "White  House,"  in  September  of  that 
year.  Died  at  Twiford,  Westmoreland  County,  Vir 
ginia,  December  21,  1833. 

Hungerford,  Orville ;  was  born  in  Connecticut 
in  1790;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1843  to  1847.  Died  at  Watertown.  April 
6,  1855. 

Hunt,  Carleton;  was  born  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  January  1,  1836;  graduated  from  Harvard 
College  in  1856;  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
that  institution  in  1859;  received  the  degree  of  LL.B. 
from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Louisi 
ana  in  1858,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that 
year;  in  1860  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  of  the 
Constitutional  Union  Party  at  Baton  Rouge,  Louisi 
ana;  served  as  an  officer  in  the  Confederate  Army; 
was  State  Administrator  of  the  University  of  Louisi 
ana  in  1866;  later  was  appointed,  by  the  State  Su 
preme  Court,  a  member  of  the  Committee  to  examine 
applicants  for  admission  to  the  bar;  in  1878  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  to  organize  the  American 
Bar  Association,  and  after  organization,  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Legal  Education;  in  1872 
and  1879  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Con 
ventions  of  those  years;  in  1879  was  Professor  of  Civil 
Law  in  the  University  of  Louisiana;  in  1880  was 
made  Doctor  of  Laws  by  the  same  University;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Hunt,  Hiram  P.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1843. 

Hunt,  James  B.;  was  a  native  of  New  York,  and 
for  many  years  law  partner  with  Michael  Hoffman ; 
removed  to  Michigan  about  the  time  of  its  admission 


into  the  Union,  and  was  soon  called  to  responsible 
public  trusts;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  Michi 
gan  from  1843  to  1847.  Died  in  Washington,  August 
15,  1857,  aged  fifty -eight  years. 

Hunt,  Jonathan ;  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
College  in  1807;  represented  the  State  of  Vermont  in 
Congress  from  1827  to  1832,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Lands.  Died  at  Washington,  May  14,  of 
the  latter  year. 

Hunt,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1802  to  1805. 

Hunt,  Theodore  G.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress 
from  Louisiana. 

Hunt,  Ward  ;  was  born  in  Utica,  New  York, 
June  14,  1810;  always  resided  in  his  native  place; 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1828;  turning  his  at 
tention  to  law,  attended  the  law  lectures  of  Judge 
Gould  at  Litchneld,  Connecticut;  in  1838  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1839;  in  1844  was  elected  Mayor  of  Utica;  in  1865 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  which  position  he  held  until  1872, 
when  he  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States;  received  from  Union  Col 
lege  and  Rutgers  College  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws.  Died  March  24,  1886. 

Hunt,  Washing-ton;  was  born  at  Windham, 
Greene  County,  New  York,  August  5,  1811;  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  entered  upon,  the  study  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Lockportiu  1834;  in  1836 
was  appointed  first  Judge  of  Niagara  County;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1849,  serving 
during  his  last  term  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce;  in  1849  was  elected  Comptroller  of 
New  York,  and  in  1850  Governor  of  the  State;  was 
temporary  Chairman  of  the  last  "Whig  National 
Convention"  ever  held,  in  1856;  in  1860  was  tend 
ered  the  nomination  for  the  office  of  Vice-Presi 
dent,  but  declined;  after  that  time  lived  in  retire 
ment  upon  a  farm  near  Lockport,  dividing  his  atten 
tion  between  his  friends,  his  books,  and  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  ' '  Chicago  Con 
vention  "  in  1864,  and  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National 
Union  Convention"  of  1866.  Died  in  New  York 
City,  February  2,  1867. 

Hunt,  William  H;  was  born  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  June  12,  1824;  (his  mother  was  Lou 
isa  Gaillard,  of  a  Huguenot  family,  sister  of  the  Hon. 
John  Gaillard,  who  was,  for  more  than  eighteen 
years,  a  United  States  Senator  from  South  Carolina, 
serving,  the  greater  portion  of  the  time,  as  President 
pro  iem.  of  the  Senate;  his  father,  Thomas  Hunt,  was 
a  lawyer  and  planter  in  the  same  State,  to  which  he 
removed,  in  early  life,  from  the  Bahama  Islands, 
where  his  ancestors,  for  several  generations,  had  . 
filled,  alternately,  the  offices  of  Governor  and  Chief 
Justice  of  those  possessions) ;  he  received  a  classical 
education,  chiefly  at  Hopkins  Grammar  School,  New 
Haven,  Connecticut;  was,  for  several  years,  a  student 
in  Yale  College,  but  left  before  graduating;  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  at  the  Yale  Law  School, 
and  finished  it  in  his  brother's  office  in  New  Orleans; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845,  and  engaged  in 
practice  at  New  Orleans;  was  Acting  Professor  and 
Lecturer  on  Commercial  and  Criminal  Law  in  the 
University  of  Louisiana  in  1865  and  1866;  in  1876 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  Louisiana,  to  fill 
a  vacancy,  and  was  subsequently  elected  to  that 
office,  serving  until  April,  1877;  in  1878  was  ap- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     A.  N  N  A  L  8 . 


235 


pointed,  by  President  Hayes,  a  Judge  of  the  United 
•States  Court  of  Claims;  resigned  in  1881,  to  become 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  the  Cabinet  of  President 
.Garfield ;  declined  the  appointment  of  United  States 
Circuit  Judge  tendered  him  by  President  Hayes;  in 
May,  1882,  resigned  his  post  in  the  Cabinet  to  accept 
the  appointment  of  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minis 
ter  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Kussia. 
Died  at  his  post,  February  27,  1884. 

Hunter,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1793  to  1795,  and  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1795  to  1796. 

Hunter,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  the  village  of 
Bedford,  Kings  County,  New  York  (now  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn),  October  15,  1807; 
after  devoting  himself  in  various  ways  to  measures 
which  looked  to  the  progress  and  advancemeiit-of  his 
•native  city,  became  identified  with  the  New  York 
Custom  House  as  clerk  in  1831,  and  in  1837  as  As 
sistant  Auditor,  in  which  position  he  continued  until 
'his  resignation  in  1865;  in  1864  his  name  was  forged 
to  two  checks  for  six  thousand  six  hundred  dollars, 
and  four  thousand  two  hundred  dollars,  on  the  As 
sistant  Treasurer  of  New  York,  and  although  a  suit 
was  instituted  by  that  officer,  the  entire  innocence  of 
Mr.  Hunter  was  triumphantly  vindicated,  and  the 
Treasurer  not  only  acknowledged  his  error  in  the 
premises,  but  out  of  his  own  pocket  paid  all  the  ex 
penses  of  the  trial;  this  was  considered  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  cases  of  the  kind  on  record,  and 
only  tended  to  brighten  the  fair  fame  of  the  tempo 
rary  victim;  in  1865  accepted  the  position  of  Secre 
tary  of  a  Banking  Institution  in  Brooklyn ;  in  1866 
was  elected,  by  a  large  majority,  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  in  the 
place  of  James  Humphrey,  deceased,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  Banking  and  Currency, 
and  Expenses  in  the  Navy  Department. 

Hunter,  Morton  O.;  was  born  in  Versailles, 
Ripley  County,  Indiana,  February  5,  1825  ;  went 
through  a  scientific  course  of  studies  in  the  Indiana 
State  University;  studied  law  and  graduated  as  a 
lawyer  at  the  above  institution ;  in  1858  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1860  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1852  raised  the  Eighty-second  Regiment 
of  Indiana  Volunteers,  and  as  Colonel  commanded  it 
until  the  fall  of  Atlanta  in  1864;  also  had  command 
of  a  brigade  under  General  Sherman  in  his  march  to 
the  sea,  and  continued  with  the  Fourteenth  Army 
Corps  until  its  arrival  in  Washington;  in  March, 
1865,  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ter 
ritories  and  Mines  and  Mining;  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Hunter,  Naisworthy  ;  was  a  Delegate  in  Con 
gress  from  the  Territory  of  Mississippi  from  1801  to 
1802.  Died  March  11,  1802. 

Hunter,  Robert  M.  T.;  was  born  in  Essex 
County,  Virginia,  April  21,  1809;  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  Virginia;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1830;  served  three 
years  in  the' State  Legislature;  was  first  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  in 
1837,  when  he  served  two  terms;  was  again  elected 
in  1845,  officiating  during  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress 
as  Speaker;  in  1847  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  a  long  term,  and  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1859,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Finance,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  the 


Library,  and  on  the  Pacific  Railroad;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  in  1859,  for  another  term,  but  was  ex 
pelled,  July,  1861;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  as 
Secretary  of  State,  and  a  member  of  Congress  in  the 
Confederate  Government;  after  the  Rebellion  was  ar 
rested  as  a  prisoner  of  State,  but  was  released  on  his 
parole;  in  1867  was  pardoned  by  President  Johnson. 

Hunter,  Taliaferro  ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
in  1860  was  appointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treas 
ury,  which  position  he  held  until  1861. 

Hunter,  "William ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1807  and  1809;  a  State  Counselor  in 
1809,  1814,  and  1815;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1817  to  1819. 

Hunter,  William ;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  November  23,  1775;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1791 ;  went  to  London  and  studied  medi 
cine,  but  soon  changed  to  the  law,  and  entered  at  the 
Inner  Temple  in  London ;  on  his  return  to  Newport, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in 
1799  was  a  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  re-elected  at  different  periods 
from  that  time  to  the  year  1811,  when  he  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  held  his  seat  until  1821 ; 
his  speeches,  especially  those  on  the  acquisition  of 
Florida,  and  the  Missouri  Compromise,  won  him  a 
high  reputation  as  a  sagacious  statesman  and  a 
finished  orator;  in  1824  was  Charge,  d' Affaires  to 
Brazil,  an  office  which  was,  in  1842,  raised  to  a  full 
mission,  and  he  was  continued  as  Minister  until 
1845,  when  he  retired  from  public  life;  resided  at 
Newport  until  his  death,  which  occurred  December 
3,  1849. 

Hunter,  "William;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  November  8,  1805;  was  the  son  of  the  former 
Senator  bearing  the  same  name;  in  his  fifteenth  year 
entered  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  as  a 
Cadet,  but  after  two  years  was  obliged  to  resign  on 
account  of  an  affection  of  the  eyes;  subsequently  re 
sumed  study  in  his  father's  office  and  prepared  him 
self  for  the  legal  profession,  devoting  special  atten 
tion  to  the  French  and  Spanish  languages;  in  1826 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Orleans,  where  he 
had  long  intended  to  locate;  in  1827  was  attacked  by 
the  yellow  fever,  and  returned  to  Newport  to  recruit 
his  health;  practiced  law  in  Providence  until  1829, 
when  various  circumstances  induced  him  to  accept  a 
clerkship  in  the  Department  of  State  at  Washington, 
acting  chiefly  as  a  translator;  in  1852  was  made 
Chief  Clerk  by  Daniel  Webster;  in  1853  was  offered 
the  position  of  First  Assistant  Secretary,  but  de 
clined  ;  in  1866  was  appoi  nted  Second  Assistant  Sec 
retary  of  the  Department,  in  which  he  continued 
until  his  death  July  22,  1886. 

Hunter,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  December  10,  1808;  had  few  educational 
advantages;  practiced  the  trade  of  a  cabinet-maker 
until  1840;  having  studied  law,  removed  to  Ohio; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1853,  after  which  he  devoted  himself  to 
his  profession. 

Hunter,  "William  H. ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1837  to  1839. 

Huntingdon,  Abel ;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut;  at  an  early  age  removed  to  East  Hampton, 
Long  Island,  and  for  sixty  years  was  a  practicing 
phvsician;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1833  to  1837;  was  Collector  of  Sag 
Harbor  under  President  Polk;  member  of  the  "  New 
York  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1846.  Died  at 
East  Hampton,  May  18,  1858,  aged  eighty-two  years. 


256 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Huntington,  Benjamin  ;  was  a  native  of  Nor 
wich.  Connecticut:  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1701; 
practiced  law  in  his  native  town;  was  a  member  of 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1784,  and  also 
from  1787  to  1788;  a  Representative  in  Congress  under 
the  Constitution  from  1790  to  1791;  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  State  from  1793  to  1798; 
was  Mayor  of  Norwich  for  twelve  years;  received 
from  Dartmouth  College  the  degree  of  LL.B.  Died 
in  1800. 

Huntington,  Ebenezer;  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  December  26,  1754;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1775;  joined  the  army  the  same  year  as  a 
volunteer;  was  soon  commissioned  as  a  Lieutenant; 
in  1776  was  appointed  a  Captain,  and  also  Deputy 
Adjutant-General;  in  1777  a  Major;  in  1779  a  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel;  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Coru- 
wallis,  at  Yorktown ;  was  twice  elected  to  Congress 
from  Connecticut,  serving  from  1810  to  1811,  and 
again  from  1817  to  1819;  in  1799  he  was,  at  the 
recommendation  of  "Washington,  appointed  a  Brig 
adier-General  in  the  army  raised  by  Congress  when 
expectations  were  entertained  of  a  war  with  France: 
he  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  officers  in  the  army. 
Died  June  17,  1834. 

Huntington,  Elisha  M.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
in  1841  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office,  holding  the  position  until  1842. 

Huntington,  E.  M. ;  was  an  emigrant  from  New 
England  to  Indiana,  and  about  the  year  1844  was 
appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  In 
diana,  residing  at  Terre  Haute. 

Huntington,  Jabez  W.;  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  November  8,  1788;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1806;  studied  law  at  Litchrield,  and  com 
menced  to  practice  there,  where  he  remained  thirty 
years;  in  1828  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1829  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  which 
office  he  rilled  until  1834,  when  he  removed  to  Nor 
wich  ;  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Er 
rors,  and  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  his  State:  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1840 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Norwich,  Novem 
ber  1,  1847. 

Fu  rtington,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Windham, 
Con  lecticut,  July  3,  1732;  although  not  liberally 
educated,  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  law  and  early 
came  to  the  bar;  settled  in  Norwich  and  became  emi 
nent  in  his  profession;  in  1764  was  elected  to  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  State;  in  1765  was  appointed 
King's  Attorney;  in  1774  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court;  in  1775  elected  to  the  Council; 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and 
of  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1767  to  1784,  serving 
as  President  in  1779;  in  1784  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice;  was  Governor  of  the  State  o(  Connecticut 
from  1786  to  1796.  Died  January  5,  in  the  latter 
year. 

Huntington,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Connecticut,  October  4,  1765;  was  educated  by  his 
nncle,  Governor  Samuel  Huntington,  of  Windham, 
Connecticut,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1785; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1793;  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1800  and  settled  near  Painesville;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1802  and  1803;  member  of 
the  Convention  that  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  in  1802;  a  Senator  in  the  first  Legislature  and 
chosen  Speaker;  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  ap 
pointed  April  2,  1803;  afterwards  Chief  Justice; 


Governor  from  1808  to  1810;  member  of  the  Legis 
lature  in  1811  and  1812;  District  Paymaster  in  the 
war  of  1812,  with  rank  of  Colonel.  Died  in  Paines 
ville,  Ohio,  June  8,  1817. 

Huntington,  Samuel ;  was  a  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Michigan. 

Hunton,  Eppa;  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  September  23,  1823;  studied  and  practiced 
law:  was  State  Attorney  for  tha  county  of  Prince 
William  from  1849  to  1862;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Convention  in  1861;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as 
Colonel  of  the  Eighth  Virginia  Infantry;  was  pro 
moted  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  and  served 
through  the  war  as  Brigadier-General;  was  captured 
at  Sailor's  Creek,  in  1865,  and  imprisoned  in  Fort 
Warren;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Military  Affairs  and  Monuments:  in  December,  1875, 
was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Hunton,  Jonathan  G.;  was  born  at  Unity, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1781;  was  Governor  of  Maine  in 
1830  and  1831.  Died  in  Fairrield,  Maine,  October 
14,  1851. 

Huntsman,  Adam;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1835  to  1837. 

Kurd,  Frank  Hunt ;  was  born  at  Mount  Ver- 
non,  Ohio,  December  25,  1841;  graduated  at  Kenyon 
College  in  1858;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  made  a  County  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1863;  a 
State  Senator  in  1H66;  codified  the  Criminal  Code  of 
Ohio  in  1868,  which  was  duly  published:  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
Iburth  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty -eighth  Congresses. 

Hurlbut,  Stephen  A.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  November  29,  1815;  liberally  edu 
cated;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1837;  removed  to  Illinois,  settling  at  Belvidere;  was 
elected  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1847;  wag 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  in  1859,  1861,  and  1867;  Presidential 
Elector  in  1868;  appointed  Brigadier-General  of 
Volunteers  in  1861 ;  commanded  the  Fourth  Division 
at  Pittsburg  Landing,  in  1862;  was  promoted  Major- 
General  in  1862;  assigned  to  the  commands  of  the 
Sixteenth  Army  Corps  at  Memphis,  and  of  the  De 
partment  of  the  Gulf  in  1864;  was  Minister  Resident 
to  the  United  States  of  Columbia  from  1869  to  1872: 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Rail 
ways  and  Canals,  Civil  Service  and  Mississippi 
Levees;  in  1881  was  app  .ited  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  to  Peru.  Died  at  his  post  April  3,  1882. 

Hutchins,  John;  was  born  in  Vienna  Township. 
Ti'umbull  County,  Ohio,  July  25,  1812;  was  chiefly 
educated  by  private  tutors,  although  he  spent  one 
year  at  the  Western  Reserve  College.;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837;  in  1838  was 
appointed  Olerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 
Trumbull  County,  holding  the  position  five  years:  in 
1849  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature;  served  a 
number  6f  years  as  a  Bank  Director;  in  1858  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  COD 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


257 


gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Hutchins,  "Waldo  ;  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  Con 
necticut,  in  1823;  graduated  at  Amherst  College; 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  New  York  City;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives  of  New  York  in 
1852,  and  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1867;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty -seventh,  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Hutchins,  "Wells  A.;  was  born  in  Hartford, 
Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  Octobers,  1818;  received.a 
common  school  education ;  taught  school  for  several 
years  in  Ohio  and  Indiana;  studied  law,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  his  twenty-third  year;  was  elected  to 
the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1851 ;  in  1862  was  appointed 
one  of  the  six  Provost- Marshals  for  Ohio;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Hutson,  Richard;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1765;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1779,  and 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion. 

Hutton,  John  B.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Huyler,  John;  was  born  in  New  York;  having 
become  a  citizen  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  that  State, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 
Died  in  New  York,  January  9,  1870. 

Hyde,  Ira  B.;  was  born  in  Guilford,  New  York, 
January  18,  1838;  received  his  education  at  Oberliu 
College,  Ohio;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
the  spring  of  1861,  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  entered 
the  Union  Army  in  a  Minnesota  Cavalry  regiment  in 
18(52;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1866,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law;  was  appointed  Secretary  and  At 
torney  of  a  railroad  in  1868;  was  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Hyman,  John  Adams ;  was  born  in  Warren  - 
ton,  North  Carolina,  of  slave  parents,  July  23,  1840; 
was  self-educated,  and  after  his  emancipation,  in 
1865,  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  in  the 
year  last  named  became  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  for  Warren  County;  was  a  member  of  the 
Equal  Rights  Convention  of  1866;  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1868;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  from  1868  to  1874;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  was  Vice-President  of  the  State  Council  of 
the  Union  League  during  its  existence  in  North  Car 
olina,  and  a  Delegate  to  numerous  Republican  State 
Conventions. 

Hyneman,  John  M.;  was  a  member  of  the  Leg 
islature  of  Pennsylvania  in  1809;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1811  to 
1813,  when  he  resigned,  and  D.  Udree  was  elected  in 
his  place;  in  1810  was  commissioned  Clerk  of  the 
Orphans'  Court  of  Berks  County,  and  remained  in 
that  office  for  six  years;  in  1814  was  commissioned 
County  Surveyor,  and  remained  in  that  office  for  ten 
years. 

Hynes,  William  J.;  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Clare,  Ireland,  March  31,  1843;  came  to  the  United 

17 


States  in  1854;  was  educated  in  public  and  private 
schools  until  sixteen  years  of  age;  learned  the  art  of 
printing  in  the  office  of  the  Springfield  Republican, 
Massachusetts,  and  became  a  printer,  lecturer,  and 
editor;  was  a  student  at  the  law  lectures  at  Columbia 
College  in  1869;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas,  in  1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public 
Expenditures  and  Territories;  in  1875  removed  to 
Illinois,  locating  in  Chicago  as  a  lawyer. 

Ihrie,  Peter;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1829  to  1833. 

Ilsley,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Falmouth,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1740;  was  a  distiller  by  occupation; 
served  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature:  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1807  to  1809.  Died  in  1813. 

Inilay,  James  H.;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1786;  was,  for  a  time,  Tutor  in  that  institu 
tion;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1797  to  1801. 

Ing-alls,  John  James ;  was  born  in  Middleton, 
Massachusetts,  December  29,  1833;  educated  at  Wil 
liams  College;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1857;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1858;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Wyandotte  Convention  of  1859;  Secretary 
of  the  Territorial  Council  in  1860;  Secretary  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1861;  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1832;  editor  of  The  Atchison  Champion  in  1863;  was 
defeated  for  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1862,  and  again 
in  1864;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1873  and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Pensions,  Education  and  Labor,  and  Indian 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  of  six  years; 
in  1885  was  again  re-elected  for  six  years. 

Inge,  Samuel  "W.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
on  removing  to  Alabama,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1851; 
then  removed  to  California  and  practiced  law. 

Inge,  "William  M.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative 'in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Ingersoll,  Charles  Anthony;  was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Connecticut,  in  1798;  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  his  brother,  Ralph  J.  Ingersoll;  attained  em 
inence  in  his  profession;  held  several  offices  of  honor; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Con 
necticut.  Died  in  New  Haven,  February  9,  1860. 

Ingersoll,  Charles  J.;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  October  3,  1782;  received  a  lib 
eral  education;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Penn 
sylvania,  which  position  he  held  until  1829;  in  1837 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Prussia;  was 
afterwards  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1841  to  1847,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs;  he  published  a  "History  of  the 
Second  American  War  with  Great  Britain,"  and  sev 
eral  other  works  of  minor  importance,  including 
some  poetry ;  also  served  as  a  member  of  various  In 
ternal  Improvement  Conventions;  in  1847  was  nom 
inated,  by  President  Polk,  Minister  to  France,  but 
was  rejected  by  the  Senate.  Died  in  Philadelphia 
May  14,  1862.  Was  brother  of  Joseph  R.  Ingersoll. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Ingersoll,  Charles  R.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
18-10;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  was 
frequently  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Connecticut  from  1873  to  1876;  his  father, 
Ralph  J.,  and  his  brother,  Colin  M.,  were  both  Rep 
resentatives  in  Congress. 

Ingersoll,  Colin  M.;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
182,0;  received  a  liberal  education,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  at 
St.  Petersburg,  by  appointment  of  President  Polk; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Ingersoll,  Ebon  C.;  was  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York,  December  12,  1831;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Illinois,  in  1843;  finished  his  education  at 
Paducah,  Kentucky;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1854;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Leg 
islature;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Owen  Lovejoy;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  continu 
ing  at  the  head  of  his  old  committee,  while  serving 
on  various  others.  Died  June  1,  1879. 

Ingersoll,  Jared;  was  born  in  1749;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1766;  attained  high  rank  as  a 
lawyer;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1780  and  1781;  Member  of 
the  Convention  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  for  many 
years  Attorney-General  for  Pennsylvania;  was  Judge 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1822;  in  1812  was 
the  Federal  candidate  for  the  office  of  Vice-Presi 
dent;  received  from  Yale  College  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  R.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
June  14,  178H;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1804;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1835  to 
1837,  and  from  1842  to  1849,  and  for  a  time  Chair 
man  of  the  Judiciary  Committee;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Fillmore,  in  1852,  Minister  to  England; 
the  titles  of  LL.D.  and  D.C.L.  Oxon.,  were  conferred 
upon  him.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  February  20, 1868. 

Ingersoll,  Ralph  J.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1808; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut  several 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1825  to  1833;  in  that  year  was  appointed 
Attorney  for  the  State;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Russia.  Died  in 
New  Haven,  August  27,  1872. 

Ingharn,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Hebron,  Con 
necticut,  September  5,  1793;  received  a  good  En 
glish  education  in  Vermont;  studied  law  in  Connecti 
cut,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815 ;  in  1817 
settled  at  Say  brook;  from  1827  to  1835  was  State's 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  again  in 
1843  and  1844;  was  a  Judge  of  Probate  from  1829  to 
1833;  Judge  of  the  Middlesex  County  Court  from 
1849  to  1853;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Connecticut  from,  1835  to  1839,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  also  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  Connecticut;  three  years  as  Speaker,  and 
was  one  year  Clerk  of  the  House;  in  1837  was  ap 


pointed,  by  the  State,  as  agent  to  prosecute  certain 
claims  against  the  United  States,  and  was  successful; 
in  1854  was  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  United  States 
Senator,  and  received  the  entire  vote  of  his  party  in 
the  Legislature,  but  Senator  Foster  was  elected;  in 
1857  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Com 
missioner  of  Customs. 

Ingham,  Samuel  D.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
September  16,  1779;  received  a  good  education;  was 
lor  some  years  manager  of  a  paper-mill  in  Eastern 
New  Jersey;  served  three  years  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature;  held  for  a  time  the  office  of  Prothonotary 
to  one  of  the  Courts  of  that  State;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1818, 
and  from  1822  to  1829,  serving  as  Chairman  of  several 
Committees;  was  then  appointed,  by  President  Jack 
son,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  Died  at  Trenton, 
New  Jersey,  June  5,  1860. 

Innes,  Harry;  was  born  in  Caroline  County, 
Virginia,  in  1762;  in  1776  and  1777  was  employed  by 
the  Committee  of  Safety  of  Virginia  to  superintend 
Chipil's  lead  mines;  in  1779  was  appointed,  by  the 
Virginia  Legislature,  to  settle  land  claims  in  the  Ab- 
ingdon  district;  in  1783  was  chosen  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  for  the  District  of  Kentucky;  in  1785 
and  1787  was  Attorney -General  of  that  State;  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Kentucky 
from  1787  until  his  death;  in  1791  was  one  of  the 
Local  Board  of  War  to  call  out  the  militia  on  expedi 
tions  against  the  Indians.  Died  in  Frankfort,  Ken 
tucky,  September  20,  1816. 

Iredell,  James ;  was  born  in  Chowan  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1788;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1806;  was,  for  several  years,  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State;  part  of  the  time  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1812  commanded  a  Company  of  Volunteers 
which  went  to  Norfolk  to  repel  the  British;  in  1819 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  in  1827 
was  elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  1828  to  1831;  toward  the  close  of 
his  life  was  a  Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  Died  at  Edenton,  April  13,  1853. 

Ireland  John ;  was  born  on  the  banks  of  Nolinn, 
in  Hart  County,  Kentucky,  January  1,  1827;  was 
eduratjtl  in  the  common  schools  of  that  period 
and  added  largely  to  his  information  and  knowledge 
by  self-instruction;  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriff" of 
Hart  County,  while  yet  a  minor;  was  made  of  legal 
age  by  special  act  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in 
order  that  he  might  fill  the  office  of  Constable,  to 
which  he  was  appointed  in  1847,  by  the  County  Court 
of  Hart  County;  studied  law;  in  1852  removed  to 
Texas  and  settled  at  Seguin,  where  he  continued  to 
reside  and  practiced  the  proi'ession  of  the  law;  in  1856 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Seguin ;  in  1861  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Convention,  by  whose  authority 
the  State  seceded;  in  1862  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  private  soldier;  served  throughout  the 
war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieu  ten  aat-Colonel;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  that  year;  in  the  summer  of  the  same 
year  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Second  Judicial  District 
of  Texas;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1873  was  elected  a  State 
Senator;  in  1875  was  appointed  an  Associate  Judge 
of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  in  1882  was  unanimously 
nominated  a  candidate  for  Governor  of  Texas  and  was 
elected;  in  1884  was  re-nominated  by  acclamation, 
receiving  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  Convention,  and 
was  re-elected  Governor  by  a  majority  of  100,000 
votes. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


259 


Irion,  Alfred  B. ;  was  born  in  Avoyelles  Parish, 
Louisiana,  February  18,  1833;  his  early  education 
was  acquired  at  a  private  boarding  school;  in  1851 
entered  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  at  Chapel 
Hill,  in  that  State,  and  in  1855,  was  graduated  there 
from;  the  same  year  began  the  study  of  law;  in  185' 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Marksville,  in  his  native  parish;  in 
1864  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  in  1879  six  new  Judicial  Circuits  were  estab 
lished,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  the  tribunals  for 
which  were  styled  "Circuit  Courts  of  Appeal,"  and, 
in  1880,  Mr.  Irion  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  for 
the  'Third  District,  for  the  term  of  four  years;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Irvin,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Irvin,  David;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin  in  1837, 
and  although  the  records  show  that  David  Erwin 
had  previously  been  a  Judge  for  the  Territory  ol 
Michigan,  it  is  persumed  the  two  names  represent 
the  same  man. 

Irvin,  James  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania:  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1841  to  1845. 

Irvin,  "William  W.;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  of  Ohio;  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1829  to  1833.  Died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
April,  1842. 

Irvine,  William  ;  was  born  in  Ireland;  educated 
for  the  medical  profession;  served  as  Surgeon  on 
board  a  British  ship,  in  the  war  which  began  in  1754, 
and  after  the  peace  of  1763,  settled  at  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1774  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
vention  ;  in  1776  served  in  Canada,  and  accompanied 
Colonel  Thompson  from  Sorelle  to  dislodge  the 
enemy  from  Trois  Rivieres;  was  taken  prisoner  June 
16,  and  remained  such  at  Quebec  until  exchanged  in 
1778:  on  his  release  was  promoted  to  the  command  of 
the  Second  Pennsylvania  Regiment;  in  1781  the  de 
fense  of  the  North-western  frontier  was  intrusted  to 
him,  and  he  attained  the  rank  of  Major-General;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1793  to  1795;  was 
a  Commissioner  during  the  Whisky  Insurrection  of 
1794;  removed  shortly  after  to  Philadelphia,  and  was 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Military  Stoics;  was  a 
Delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress°from  1786  to  1788;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1797.  Died  July  30,  1804,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Irvine,  William ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Irving,  Washington ;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  April  3,  1783;  received  an  ordinary 
school  education;  in  his  sixteenth  year  began  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  in  his  nineteenth  year  became 
a  writer  for  the  local  press;  in  1804  visited  Europe 
for  his  health,  where  he  spent  two  years;  on  his  re 
turn  to  America,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  but  never 
practiced  law;  in  1807  began  his  career  as  an  author 
by  projecting  a  serial  work  called  "Salmagundi," 
and  his  last  work,  the  "  Life  of  George  Washington, " 
was  completed  and  published  in  1859;  between 
these  two  dates,  .he  produced  a  large  number  of 
works,  in  all  the  departments  of  polite  literature, 
which  were  eminently  successful,  and  placed  him  in 


the  front  rank  of  American  authors;  the  only  public 
positions  ever  accepted  by  Mr.  Irving  were  those  of 
Secretary  of  Legation  to  England  in  1829,  and  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain  in  1842,  and  it  was 
during  his  prolonged  residence  in  this  latter  country 
that  he  collected  the  materials  for  several  of  his  more 
important  productions;  by  his  pure  character  and 
rare  abilities  he  won  the  universal  respect  and  affec 
tion  of  his  ^countrymen,  and  died  on  November  28, 
1859,  at  his  residence,  known  as  "Sunnyside," 
beautifully  located  on  the  Hudson  River,  which  was 
the  theme  of  some  of  his  most  delightful  writings. 
His  writings  are  too  numerous  even  to  be  specified 
in  a  brief  record  like  the  present. 

Irving',  William ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  August  16,  1766;  from  1787  to  1791  was  an 
Indian  trader  on  the  Mohawk;  was  subsequently  a 
merchant  in  New  York  City;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1813  to  1819,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce  and  Manufactures;  was  a 
brother  of  Washington  Irving,  for  whose  "Salma 
gundi"  he  wrote  several  poems  and  essays;  was  dis 
tinguished  for  his  colloquial  powers,  and  was  a  pop 
ular  as  well  as  an  influential  member  of  Congress; 
resigned  before  the  expiration  of  his  term,  on  account 
of  his  health.  Died  November  9,  1821. 

Irwin,  Jared ;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1751 ;  removed  to  Georgia  at  the 
age  of  seven;  was  for  many  years  on  the  Indian  fron 
tier,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  the  Revolutionary 
War,  was  actively  employed  against  the  Tories  and 
Indians;  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  of  the  Convention  which 
adopted  the  United  States  Constitution  in  1789;  was 
Governor  of  the  State  from  1796  to  1798 ;  President 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1798;  was 
many  years  a  member,  and  President  of  the  State 
Senate;  was  again  Governor  from  1806  to  1809.  Died 
at  Union,  Washington  County,  Georgia,  March  1, 
1818. 

Irwin,  Jared;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1817. 

Irwin,  John  N.;  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Idaho  for  the  term  of  four  years  from 
March,  1883. 

Irwin,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1829  to  1831;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  United  States  Judge  of  the  Wes 
tern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Irwin,  "William;  was  born  in  Ohio;  after  re 
ceiving  a  good  education,  graduated  from  Marietta 
College;  taught  school  for  a  time;  removed  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1852;  turned  his  attention  to  the  newspaper 
business,  and  became  editor  of  the  Yreka  Union; 
served  several  times  in  the  State  Legislature;  when 
a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  Governorship  in  February, 
1875,  was  chosen  President  of  the  Senate,  and  acting 
Lieutenant-Governor;  at  the  ensuing  election,  in 
September,  was  elected  Governor  of  California.  Died 
March  15,  1886. 

Irwin,  William  W.;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1841  to  1843;  from  1843  to 
1847  was  Charge  d' Affaires  of  the  United  States  to 
Denmark.  Died  in  Pittsburg,  September  15,  1856. 

Isacks,  Jacob  O.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1823  to  1833. 


260 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS 


Ittner,  Anthony  ;  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
October  8.  1837;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  learned  the  trades  of  bricklayer  and  builder 
and  pursued  those  avocations;  was  elected  to  the 
City  Council  of  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  in  186 /,  and 
re-elected  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  State  House  ot 
RepSntatives  in  1808;  was  elected  a  State  Senator 
in  1870  and  re-elected  in  1874;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congree 

IVerson,  Alfred;  was  born  in  Burke  County, 
Georgia,  December  3,  1798;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1820:  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  served 
three  years  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  and  one  year  as  Senator  in  the  Legislature  oi 
Georgia;  was  twice  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State  for  terms  of  three  and  four  years; 
was  one  of  the  Electors-at-Large  in  the  Presidential 
Election  of  1844;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirtieth  Congress;  in  1854  was  elected  to  theUmted 
States  Senate  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1855,  and 
for  a  Ion"-  time  acted  as  Chairman  ot  the  Committee 
on  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs  and  the  Pacific  Railroad;  withdrew 
in  February,  1861,  and  joined  the  great  Rebellion. 

Ives,  Willard;  was  born  in  Water  town,  New 
York,  July  7,  1806;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion; 'was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1851  to  1853: 
in  1846  was  elected,  by  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  a  Delegate  to  the  "Christian  World's  Con 
vention,"  which  was  held  in  London. 

Izard,  George  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1777;  received  a  classical  education,  and  made  a  tour 
of  Europe;  was  appointed  Lieutenant  of  Artillery  in 
1794;  Engineer  of  Fortifications  in  Charleston  Har 
bor  in  1798;  Captain  in  1799;  aid  to  General  Hamil 
ton  in  1799;  resigned  in  1803;  on  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war  of  1812  was  appointed  Colonel  of  Second 
Artillery;  Brigadier-General  in  1813;  Major-General 
in  1814;  disbanded  1815;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas 
Territory  from  1825  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Little  Rock,  November  22,  1828.  He  published 
"Official  Correspondence  with  the  War  Department 
in  1814  and  1815";  was  the  son  of  Ralph  Izard. 

Izard,  Mark  W.;  was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Nebraska  in  1854,  and  remained  in  office 
until  1857. 

Izard,  Ralph  ;  was  born  near  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  in  1742;  graduated  at  Cambridge  Univers 
ity,  England;  his  grandfather  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  South  Carolina,  and  he  inherited  a  large  es 
tate  in  land  and  slaves;  visited  England  in  1771,  and 
the  Continent  in  1774;  made  a  second  visit  to  France; 
was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Commissioner  at  the 
Court  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  and  resided  in 
Paris;  sided  with  Arthur  Lee  against  Silas  Deane; 
Franklin,  and  the  other  American  agents  in  France; 
returned  to  America  July  10,  1780;  was  instrumental 
in  obtaining  General  Greene's  appointment  to  the 
Southern  Army,  and  pledged  his  large  estate  for  the 
purchase  of  ships  of  war  in  Europe;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782  and  1783;  United 
States  Senator  from  1789  to  1795;  President  of  the 
Senate  pro  tern,  during  the  first  session  of  the  Third 
Congress;  was  a  distinguished  and  eloquent  states 
man;  in  the  judgment  of  Washington  no  man  was 
more  honest  in  public  life;  his  correspondence  from 
1774  to  1784,  with  a  memoir,  was  published  by  his 
daughter  in  1844.  Died  at  South  Bay,  near  Charles 
ton,  May  30,  1804. 


Jack,  William  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Jackson,  Andrew;  was  born  at  Warsaw  Settle 
ment,  North  Carolina,  March  15,  1767;  when  four 
teen   years  of  age  left  the  academy  where  he  had 
been  placed  and  entered  the  Revolutionary  Army;  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  established  himself  as  a  law 
yer  in  Western  North  CaroliLa;  when  that  part  of 
the  country  became  a  Territory  in  1790,  President 
Washington  appointed  him  Attorney  of  the  United 
States  lor  the  new  district;  at  the  time  that  Terri 
tory  was  formed  into  the  State  of  Tennessee,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  drew  up  the  new 
Constitution;  was  immediately  chosen  a  Representa 
tive   in   Congress,  serving  one   term,  when   he.  was 
transferred  to  the  United  States  Senate,  where  he 
continued  until  1798;  his  next  public  position  was 
that  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  having  been 
chosen  Major-General  of  one  of  the  divisions  of  the 
Tennessee  Militia,  he  retained  the  office  until  1814, 
when  he  went  into  the  Regular  Army  with  the  same 
rank;  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  army  at 
New  Orleans,    and   January   8,    1815,    obtained   his 
famous  victory  over  the  British;  in   1817  and  1818 
conducted  the  Seminole  War  in  Flov'da,   and  soon 
after  retired  from  the  army;  in  1823  was  again  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  remained  there  two  years, 
having  declined  the  mission  to  Mexico  in  the  same 
year;  in  1828  was  elected  President  of  the   United 
States,    and  re-elected   in   1832;    the  events   which 
marked  his  administration  were  the  difficulties  with 
France,    the  suppression  of  the  nullification  move 
ment  in  South  Carolina,  the  Indian  War  in  Florida, 
and  the  removal  of  the  deposits  from   the   United 
States  Bank;  retired  to  private  life  in  1836,  and  in 
the  peaceful  shades  of  the  Hermitage  in   Tennessee 
died,  June  8,  1845. 

Jackson,  Charles;  was  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  for  one  year,  beginning  with  1845.  Died  in 
Providence,  January  21,  1876,  in  the  seventy-ninth 
year  of  his  age. 

Jackson,  Claiborne  F.;  was  born  in  Fleming 
County,  Kentucky,  April  4,  1807;  emigrated  to  Mis 
souri  in  1822;  served  as  Captain  in  the  Black  Hawk 
War;  served  for  twelve  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
for  a  time  as  Speaker;  was  a  prime  mover  in  organ 
izing  the  banking  institutions  of  that  State,  and  was 
a  Bank  Commissioner;  in  1860  was  elected  Governor 
of  Missouri;  left  the  State  on  the  approach  of  the 
Federal  Army,  and  was  deposed  by  a  State  Conven 
tion;  afterwards  served  for  a  short  time  as  a  General 
in  the  Confederate  Army.  Died  at  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas,  December  6,  1862. 

Jackson,  David;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1786. 

Jackson,  David  S.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1847  to  1848. 

Jackson,  Ebenezer,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Connecti 
cut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State,  to  fill  an  uuexpired  term,  from  1834  to  1835. 

Jackson,  Edward  B.;  was  born  in  Harrison 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1820  to  1823,  his  first  term 
having  been  in  continuation  of  that  of  James  Pin- 
gale,  resigned.  Died  September  8,  1826. 

Jackson,  Hancock ;  was  acting  Governor  of 
Missouri  in  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


2(31 


Jackson,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Devonshire,  En 
gland  in  1778;  emigrated  to  America  at  the  age  of 
twelve  years;  was  educated  by  his  brother,  General 
James  Jackson;  was  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Georgia 
from  1811  to  1814,  and  from  1817  to  1828;  was  Sec 
retary  of  Legation  to  France  under  William  H. 
Crawford,  Minister;  on  his  return,  and  the  appoint 
ment  of  Gallatin  to  France,  he  remained  in  the  Lega 
tion  as  Charge  d1  Affaires  until  1817,  during  which 
interval  Gallatin  was  engaged  in  special  negotiations 
with  Great  Britain;  received  the  degrees  of  LL.D. 
and  M.D.  from  Philadelphia  College.  Died  near 
Athens,  Georgia,  April  26,  1840. 

Jackson,  Henry  Rootes ;  was  born  in  Athens, 
Georgia,  June  24,  1820;  commenced  his  education  at 
Franklin  College,  Athens,  Georgia;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1839;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  was 
several  years  United  States  District  Attorney  for  the 
State;  was  also  at  one  time  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Savannah  Georgian;  was  Colonel  of  a  Georgia  Regi 
ment  in  the  Mexican  War;  was  a  Judge  of  the  East 
ern  Circuit  from  1849  to  1853,  when  he  was  appointed 
Charge  d'  Affaires  to  Vienna,  Austria;  from  1854  to 
1858  was  Minister  Resident;  was  a  Southern  Briga 
dier-General  during  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion, 
and  had  a  command  on  the  Upper  Potomac;  was  the 
author  of  "  Tallullah  "  and  other  poems;  in  March, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico. 

Jackson,  Howell  E.;  was  born  at  Paris,  Ten 
nessee,  April  8,  1832;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  at  West  Tennessee  College  in  1848;  grad 
uated  at  the  Lebanon  Law  School  in  1856,  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Jackson,  Tennessee;  removed  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  1859;  was  twice  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  returned  to 
Jackson  in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Tennessee  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1881 ;  in  March,  1886,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United  States  Dis 
trict  Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Tennessee. 

Jackson,  Isaac  Band  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1841  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Denmark,  and  died  in  office,  July  27,  1843. 

Jackson,  Jabez ;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1836 
to  1839. 

Jackson,  Jacob  B. ;  was  born  at  Parkersburg, 
Virginia,  (now  West  Virginia)  April  6, 1829;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
as  a  profession;  from  1852 to  1861  was  Commonwealth 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  Pleasants,  and  from  1871 
to  1877  held  the  same  position  in  the  County  of  Wood ; 
was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  West 
Virginia  during  the  years  1875  and  1876;  Mayor  of 
the  City  of  Parkersburg  in  1879;  in  1880  was  elected 
Governor  of  West  Virginia  for  the  term  of  four  years 
from  March  4,  1881. 

Jackson,  James ;  was  born  in  Devon,  England, 
in  1757,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1772;  early  in 
the  American  Revolution  joined  the  army;  in  1778 
was  made  Brigade-Major;  in  1781  commanded  the 
Legionary  Corps  of  the  State  of  Georgia;  when  the 
British  evacuated  Savannah,  July  12,  1782,  he  re 
ceived  the  keys;  for  his  various  services,  the  Assem- 
Lly  of  the  State  presented  him  with  a  house  and  lot 


in  Savannah;  on  the  return  of  peace  he  engaged  with 
success  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1780  fought  a  duel 
with  Lieuten  ant-Governor  Wells,  whom  he  killed, 
but  was  himself  wounded  in  both  knees;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  first  Consti 
tution  of  Georgia;  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1789  from  Georgia,  and  after  the  close  of 
his  first  term  successfully  contested  the  seat  of 
Anthony  AVayne;  in  1793  was  chosen  a  Senator, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1795;  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on 
the  Potomac;  was  Major-General  of  the  Georgia 
Militia;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1798  until 
his  election  as  United  States  Senator  in  1801.  Died 
March  18,  1806. 

Jackson,  James  ;  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Georgia,  in  1819;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1837;  studied  law;  commenced  the  practice 
in  1840;  in  1842  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Senate 
of  Georgia,  holding  the  office  one  year;  in  1845  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1847;  in  1849  was  chosen,  by  the 
Legislature,  Judge  of  the  Western  Circuit  of  his 
State,  and  was  elected  to  the  same  office  by  the  people 
in  1853,  and  again  in  1857;  in  June  of  that  year  was 
nominated  for  Congress,  resigning  his  judgeship,  and 
in  October  following  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims  and  Revolutionary  Claims; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  resigned 
in  February,  1861,  and  returned  to  Georgia. 

Jackson,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Madison  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  a  Captain  of  Volun 
teers;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  while  the  Re 
bellion  was  progressing,  recruited  a  regiment  of 
Kentucky  Cavalry;  was  subsequently  appointed  a 
Brigadier-General,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Perryville  in  1862,  while  fighting  in  the  service  of 
his  country. 

Jackson,  John  GK;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1795  to  1797,  from  1799  to 
1810,  and  again  from  1813  to  1817. 

Jackson,  John  J.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in 
August,  1861,  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  West  Vir 
ginia,  residing  at  Parkersburg;  had  previously  held 
the  same  office  in  Virginia. 

Jackson,  Jonathan ;  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1743;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1761;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782;  United 
States  Marshal  from  1789  to  1791 ;  Treasurer  of  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1802  to  1806;  was  Treasurer  of  Har 
vard  College  from  1807  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  1810. 

Jackson,  Joseph  "W.;  was  frequently  a  member 
of  the  City  Council  of  Savannah;  at  one  time  Mayor 
of  the  city;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1850  to  1853.  Died  at  Savannah,  De 
cember  28,  1854. 

Jackson,  Oscar  L. ;  was  born  in  Lawrence 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  2,  1840;  was  reared 
on  a  farm;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  at 
Tansy  Hill  Select  School,  and  at  Darlington  Acade 
my;  was  clerk  in  a  store  for  a  time;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  entering  as  Captain, 
and  receiving  the  promotions  of  Major,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  Colonel  by  brevet;  took  part  with  the 


262 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Army  of  the  Tennessee  in  the  campaigns  in  Missouri, 
Tennessee,  and  Mississippi;  also  from  Chattanooga 
to  Atlanta,  the  inarch  to  the  sea,  and  through  the 
Carolinas,  commanding  his  regiment  during  the  lat 
ter  part  of  the  war;  was  very  severely  wounded  in 
battle  at  Corinth,  Mississippi.  October  4,  18(i2 ; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  New  Castle, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1867,  and  there  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law;  was  District  Attorney  from  1868  to 
1871,  was  County  Solicitor  from  1874  to  1880;  was  a 
member  of  the  Commission  to  codify  laws  and  devise 
a  plan  for  the  government  of  cities  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1877  and  1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Jackson,  Richard,  Jr.;  was  born  in  1764;  was 
a  member  of  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  18U8 
to  1815;  in  early  life  was  engaged  in  mercantile  busi 
ness,  and  was  among  the  first  in  this  country  who 
embarked  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton;  he  filled 
several  important  public  offices,  and  was  distin 
guished  for  his  benevolence.  Died  at  Providence, 
April  18,  1838. 

Jackson,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
18:57  to  1841;  was  also  for  three  years  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  New  York. 

Jackson,  "William ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
September  6,  1783;  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  rail 
road  enterprise  in  Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  from  1829  to  1832;  from  1834 
to  1837,  and  1841  to  1843  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State;  at  the  time  of  his  death 
•was  President  of  the  Newton  Bank.  Died  at  New 
ton,  Massachusetts,  February  27,  1855.  He  was  an 
earnest  advocate  of  Temperance  and  Anti-Slavery. 

Jackson,  W.  T.;  was  born  in  Chester,  Orange 
County,  New  York,  December  29,  1794;  received  a 
common  school  education;  was  chiefly  engaged  in 
mercantile  business;  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  several 
years  in  Havana,  New  York;  held  the  office  of  County 
Judge  four  years;  in  1848  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  and  served  one  term. 

Jacob,  Charles  D.;  was  a  resident  of  Kentucky ; 
in  October,  1885,  was  appointed  Minister  Resident 
of  the  United  States  to  Colombia,  serving  until  Octo 
ber,  1886. 

Jacob,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Hampshire  County, 
Virginia  (now  West  Virginia),  December  9,  1829; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1849;  studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  for  several  years  connected  with  the  State  Uni 
versity  of  Missouri;  was  a  member  of  the  West  Vir 
ginia  Legislature  in  1869;  in  1870  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  West  Virginia  for  two  years;  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  of  four  years,  beginning  with  1873. 

Jacobs,  Ferris,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Delhi,  New 
York,  March  20,  1836;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Delhi;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
from  1861  to  1865,  rising  from  the  rank  of  Captain  to 
that  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  was 
elected  District  Attorney  in  1865,  and  was  re-elected; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress. 

Jacobs,  Israel ;  was  born  in  Germany ;  was  a 
Ro-v-esentntive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1791  to  1793. 


Jacobs,  Orange  ;  was  born  in  Livingston  Coun* 
ty,  New  York,  in  1829;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Michigan  in  1831;  was  educated  there;  became  a 
lawyer;  in  1852  emigrated  to  Oregon;  was  appointed 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Washing 
ton  Territory  in  1869,  and  settled  there;  in  1871 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory;  re- 
appointed  in  1874,  and  held  that  position  when 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Jacobs,  S.  D.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina;  in 
1851  was  appointed,  from  Tennessee,  First  Assistant 
Postmaster  General,  which  position  he  held  until 
1853. 

Jadwin,  Cornelius  C.;  was  born  at  Carbondalet 
Pennsylvania.  March  27,  1835;  received  a  common 
school  education;  taught  school  and  studied  civil 
engineering  and  pharmacy;  was  a  civil  engineer  from 
1857  to  1861 ;  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  locating 
at  Honesdale,  Pennsylvania,  in  1862;  served,  for  nine 
years,  as  a  member  of  the  District  Board  of  Edu 
cation,  tfiree  years  as  President  of  the  Board;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

James,  Amaziah  B.;  was  born  at  Stephentown, 
New  York,  July  1,  1812;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Sweden,  Monroe.  County;  studied 
law;  wras  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1838  and  commenced 
to  practice  at  Ogdensburg,  New  York;  in  1853  was 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  re 
signed  in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses. 

James,  Charles  P.;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  December  10,  1879. 

James,  Charles  T.;  was  born  in  West  Green 
wich,  Rhode  Island,  in  1806;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation;  early  turned  his  attention  to  mechanics  as 
connected  with  the  cotton  interest;  wrote  a  series  of 
papers  oil  the  culture  and  maTiufacture  of  cotton  in 
the  South;  received  the  degree  of  M.  A.  from  Brown 
University  in  1838;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1851  to  1857,  from  Rhode  Island;  subsequently  in 
vented  a  rifled  cannon,  and  met  his  death  from  the 
explosion  of  a  shell  of  his  own  invention,  while  try 
ing  experiments  at  Sag  Harbor,  New  York,  October 
17,  1862. 

James,  Darwin  B.;  was  born  at  Williamsburgh, 
Massachusetts,  May  14,  1834,  his  ancestors  having 
been  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  St:\te;  in  1847 
his  parents  removed  to  Williamsburgh,  then  a  sub 
urb  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  leaving  him  at  school 
at  Amherst,  where  he  remained  three  years;  in  1851 
became  a  clerk  in  a  wholesale  silk  house  on  Broad 
way,  New  York  City;  in  1858  engaged  in  the  im 
porting  and  jobbing  of  East  Indian  goods,  in  which 
his  firm  prospered  and  became  one  of  the  leading 
houses  of  the  country  in  that  line;  in  1868  made  the 
tour  of  the  world;  devoted  much  time  to  charitable 
and  religious  works;  became  a  manager  in  many  be 
nevolent  societies;  President  of  a  savings  bank;  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  a  dispensary ;  one  of  the  found 
ers,  and  Treasurer,  of  the  Bureau  of  Charities  of 
Brooklyn;  served  six  years  as  Park  Commissioner; 
became  a  Director  in  a  Marine  insurance  company; 
Secretary  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Trade  and  Trans 
portation;  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  New  York  Anti-Monopoly  League,  and  an  active 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


263 


worker  iu  ic  .isting  the  encroachments  of  large  cor 
porations;  always  declined  political  preferment;  de 
clined  being  a  candidate  for  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress;  accepted  a  unanimous  nomination,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

James,  Francis ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1839  to  1843. 

James,  Thomas  L. ;  was  born  at  Utica,  New 
York,  March  29,  1831;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  was  apprenticed  to  a  printer;  in  1851  removed 
to  Hamilton,  New  York,  and  took  charge  of"  the 
Madison  County  Journal,  which  was,  in  1856,  con 
solidated  with  the  Democratic  Republican;  was  made 
Collector  of  Canal  Tolls,  at  Hamilton,  in  1854  and 
1855;  was  appointed  Inspector  of  Customs  in  the  New 
York  Custom  House  in  1861;  Weigher  in  1863,  and 
Deputy  Collector  in  1870;  was  appointed  Postmaster 
at  New  York  City,  by  President  Grant,  in  1873,  and 
was  re-appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  in  1877;  was 
appointed  Postmaster-General  iu  the  Cabinet  of 
President  Garlield,  in  March,  1881,  :uul  continued  in 
that  position  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Arthur,  un 
til  January,  1882,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the 
Presidency  of  the  Lincoln  National  Bank  of  New 
York  City. 

James,  "William  H.;  was  Governor  of  Nebraska 
from  1871  to  1873. 

Jameson,  John;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from  1830 
to  1831;  again  from  1843  to  1845,  and  for  another 
term  from  1847  to  1849. 

Janes,  Henry  F.;  was  born  at  Brimfield,  Hamp- 
den  County,  Massachusetts,  in  October,  1792;  stud 
ied  law  in  Montpelier,  Vermont;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Washington  County  in  1817,  and  commenced  to 
practice  at  Waterbury  in  that  year;  from  1820  to 
ls;}()  was  Postmaster  at  Waterbury;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  from  1830  to  1834;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  1834 
to  1837;  was  State  Treasurer  from  1838  to  1841;  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  Censors  in  1848;  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  from  Waterbury  in  1855. 

Jarnagin,  Spencer ;  was  born  in  Granger  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee;  graduated  at  Greenville  College  in 
1813:  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1817;  was  United  States  Senator  from  Tennessee 
from  1841  to  1847.  Died  in  Memphis,  Tennessee, 
June  24,  1851. 

Jarvis,  Leonard;  was  born  in  1782;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1800;  was  Sheriff  of  Han 
cock  County  from  1821  to  1829;  Collector  of  Customs 
for  the  Penobscot  District  from  1829  to  1831;  a  Rep- 
resertative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1831  to 
1837,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affiiirs;  from  1838  to  1841  held  the  office  of  Navy 
Agent  for  the  port  of  Boston.  Died  in  Surrey,  Maine, 
September  18,  1854. 

Jarvis,  Thomas  Jordan ;  was  born  in  Curri- 
tuck  County,  North  Carolina,  January  18,  1836; 
graduated  from  Randolph  Mason  College  in  1860;  in 
1861  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  private;  in 
August,  1861,  was  made  a  first  Lieutenant;  in  1863 
was  promoted  Captain;  on  May  14,  1864,  his  right 
arm  was  shattered  by  a  bullet  and  he  was  compelled 
to  jetire  from  the  service;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  North  Carolina  in  1865; 


from  1866  to  1868  was  a  merchant;  meantime  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  1868;  in  the  same  year  was  a  Presidential 
Elector,  and  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature  of  North  Carolina;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  1870  and  was  made  Speaker  of  the 
House;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872;  in  1875 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con  vent  ion; 
in  1876  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  North 
Carolina;  in  1879  become  Governor  by  the  election 
of  Governor  Vance  a  United  States  Senator;  in  1880 
was  elected  Governor;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to 
Brazil. 

Jay,  John ;  was  born  in  New  York,  December 
12,  1745;  graduated  at  King's  College  in  1764;  stud 
ied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1768;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1777, 
and  from  1778  to  1779:  in  1776  was  recalled  from 
Congress  to  aid  in  forming  the  Government  of  New 
York,  and  for  that  reason  was  not  present  to  sign 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  from  1777  to  1779 
was  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  but  resigned  to  fill  the 
post  of  President  of  Congress;  in  1779  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Spain ;  was  a  Commissioner  to  negotiate 
peace  with  England;  signed  the  definite  treaty  at 
Paris  in  1783;  was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Secretary 
of  State;  though  not  a  member,  he  aided  at  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Federal  Constitution;  also 
assisted  Hamilton  and  Madison  in  editing  the  Fed 
eralist;  in  1789  wasappointed,  by  President  Washing 
ton,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1794  to  accept  the 
mission  to  England,  when  he  negotiated  the  treaty 
which  bears  his  name;  was  Governor  of  New  York 
from  1795  to  1801,  after  which  he  retired  to  private 
life.  Died  in  1829. 

Jay,  John  ;  was  born  in  New  York  City,  June 
23,  1817;  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1836;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839  and  practiced  law;  was 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Union  League  Club  of 
New  York ;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Manager  and  Cor 
responding  Secretary  of  the  New  York  Historical 
Society,  and  a  member  of  the  American  Geographical 
and  Statistical  Society;  was  the  author  of  many  anti- 
slavery  addresses  and  pamphlets,  and  pamphlets  on 
matters  connected  with  the  Episcopal  Church;  also 
egal  arguments,  political  addresses,  reports,  etc. ; 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Austria,  April,  1867. 

Jayne,  William  ;  was  born  at  Springfield,  Illi 
nois,  October  8,  1826;  adopted  the  profession  of 
medicine,  and  practiced  eleven  years  in  Springfield; 
n  1859  was  elected  Mayor  of  that  city;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1860  and  1861 ;  during  the  lat- 
«r  year  was  appointed  Governor  of  Dakota  Territory; 
n  1862  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Dakota  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress.  After  occupying  his  seat 
or  some  time,  he  was  superseded  by  J.  B.  S.  Todd. 

Jefferson,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Shadwell, 
Virginia,  in  1743;  his  education  was  chiefly  acquired 
rom  private  tutors,  although  he  passed  two  years 
it  the  College  of  William  and  Mary;  adopted  the 
"aw  as  his  profession;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
;ure  of  Virginia  from  1769  to  the  commencement  of 
;he  American  Revolution;  in  1775  was  a  Delegate  in 
Congress;  on  May  15,  1776,  the  Convention  ofVir- 
inia  instructed  their  Delegates  to  propose  a  Decla 
ration  of  Independence;  in  June  Mr.  Lee  accord- 
ngly  made  the  motion,  and  it  was  voted  that  a  com 
mittee  be  appoint***!  to  prepare  one;  the  committee 
vas  elected  by  ballot,  and  consisted  of  Thomas  Jef- 


264 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


ferson,  John  Adams,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Roger 
Sherman,  and  Robert  R.  Livingston;  the  Declaration 
was  exclusively  the  work  of  Jefferson,  to  whom  the 
right  of  draughting  it  belonged,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee,  although  alterations  and  amendments 
were  made  in  it  by  Adams,  Franklin  and  other 
members  of  the  Committee,  and  afterwards  by  Con 
gress;  Jefferson  retired  from  Congress  September, 
1776,  and  took  a  seat  in  the  Legislature  of  his  State 
in'October;  in  1779  was  chosen  Governor,  and  held 
the  office  two  years ;  declined  a  foreign  appointment 
in  1776,  and  again  in  1781;  accepted  the  appoint 
ment  as  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  negotiating 
peace,  but  before  he  sailed  news  was  received  of  the 
signing  of  the  provisional  treaty,  and  he  was  excused 
from  proceeding  on  the  mission;  returned  to  Con 
gress;  in  1784  wrote  notes  on  the  establishment  of  a 
money-unit,  and  of  a  coinage  for  the  United  States; 
in  May  of  that  year  was  appointed,  with  Adams  and 
Franklin,  a  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  negotiate 
treaties  of  commerce  with  foreign  nations;  in  1785 
was  Minister  to  the  French  Court;  in  1789  returned 
to  America,  and  received  from  Washington  the  ap 
pointment  of  Secretary  of  State,  which  he  held  until 
December,  1793,  and  then  resigned;  in  September, 
1794,  when  an  appointment  was  offered  him  by 
Washington,  he  replied,  "No  circumstance  will  ever 
more  tempt  me  to  engage  in  anything  public  ";  not 
withstanding  this  determination,  he  suffered  himself 
to  be  a  candidate  for  President,  and  was  chosen  Vice- 
President  in  1796;  at  the  election,  in  1801,  he  and 
Aaron  Burr  having  an  equal  number  of  electoral 
votes  for  President,  the  House  of  Representatives, 
after  a  severe  struggle,  finally  determined  in  his 
favor;  was  re-elected  in  1805;  at  the  end  of  his  sec 
ond  term  he  retired  from  office.  Died  July  4,  1826, 
at  one  o'clock  in  the  afternooon,  just  fifty  years  from 
the  date  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  is 
a  most  remarkable  fact  that  on  the  same  day  John 
Adams,  a  signer  with  Jefferson  of  the  Declaration, 
the  second  on  the  Committee  for  draughting  it,  and 
Jefferson's  immediate  predecessor  in  the  office  of 
President,  also  died.  Jefferson's  publications  were: 
"Summary  View  of  the  Rights  of  British  America," 
1774;  "Declaration  of  Independence,"  1776;  "Notes 
on  Virginia,"  1781;  "Manual  of  Parliamentary 
Practice,  for  the  Use  of  the  Senate";  "  Life  of  Cap 
tain  Lewis,"  1814;  and  some  papers  of  a  philosophical 
character.  His  works,  chiefly  letters,  were  first  pub 
lished  by  his  grandson,  Thomas  Jefferson  Randolph, 
1829,  and  a  complete  edition,  by  order  of  Congress, 
in  nine  volumes,  in  1853. 

Jeffords,  Elza ;  was  born  in  Lawrence  County, 
Ohio,  near  the  present  town  of  Ironton,  in  1826;  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Portsmouth,  Ohio',  in 
1828;  received  a  common  school  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847;  settled  in 
Mississippi  in  1864;  was  Judge  of  the  High  Court  of 
Errors  and  Appeals  of  the  State  in  1868  and  1869; 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  in 
planting;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  License 
Commissioners  for  District  No.  2  for  four  years;  was 
ele-ted  a  Representative  from  Mississippi  to  the 
Fony-eighth  Congress. 

Jeffries,  Noah  L..;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1828;  was  educated  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Ohio, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  until  1861,  when 
lie  entered  the  Union  Army  and  served  during  the 
Rebellion;  was  Assistant  Provost  Marshal  General  of 
the  United  States  during  1864  and  1865;  was  Regis 
ter  of  the  United  States  Treasury  from  September 
18G7  to  March,  1869. 


Jenckes,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1818;  graduated  at  Brown  Univers 
ity  in  1838;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profes 
sion  until  elected,  in  1863,  a  Representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents,  and  the 
Special  Committee  on  the  Bankrupt  Law,  having 
drawn  up  the  bill  on  that  subject;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Retrenchment,  the  Death  of  President  Lin 
coln,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents, 
and  also  Chairman  of  a  Special  Committee  on  the 
Civil  Service;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Retrenchment  and  Revision  of  Laws;  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  important 
Committees.  Died  in  Cumberland,  Rhode  Island, 
November  4,  1875. 

Jenifer,  Daniel,  of  St.  Thomas ;  was  a  Dele 
gate  from  Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1778  to  1782;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  signed 
that  instrument;  his  son,  bearing  the  same  name, 
was  a  member  of  the  Federal  Congress. 

Jenifer,  Daniel ;  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  of  Maryland;  represented  that 
State  in  Congress  from  1831  to  1833,  and  from  1835 
to  1841;  during  the  administrations  of  Presidents 
Harrison  and  Tyler  was  the  United  States  Minister 
to  Austria.  Died  December  18,  1855,  near  Port  To 
bacco,  Maryland. 

Jenison,  Silas  H.;  was  born  in  Shoreham, 
Vermont,  in  1791 ;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1835; 
was  Governor  of  Vermont  from  1835  to  1841.  Died 
at  Shoreham,  Vermont,  September  30,  1849. 

Jenkins,  Albert  G-.;  was  born  in  Cabell  County, 
Virginia,  November  10,  1830;  graduated  at  Jefferson 
College,  Pennsylvania,  and  in  law  at  Cambridge,  in 
1850;  never  practiced  law,  but  devoted  himself  to 
agricultural  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  the  Cincin 
nati  "National  Convention"  in  1856;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  Committee;  subsequently  served 
as  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Confederate  service, 
and  was  killed  at  the  Battle  of  the  Wilderness. 

Jenkins,  Charles  J.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina  in  1805;  graduated  at  Union  College,  New  York, 
in  1825;  served  several  terms  as  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  four  terms  as  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1831  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  in  1853  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Governor;  in  1858  was  tendered  the  post  of  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Buchanan, 
but  declined;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  Southern  Confederacy;  in  1865  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Georgia  for  the  term  of  two  years.  Died  at 
Somerville,  Georgia,  June  14,  1883. 

Jenkins,  Lemuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1823  to  1825. 

Jenkins,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Jenkins,  Timothy;  was  born  in  Barre,  Worces 
ter  County,  Massachusetts,  January  29,  1799;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1824,  practicing  his  profession 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


265 


in  Oneida  County,  New  York;  was  District  Attorney 
for  that  county  six  years,  and  resigned  the  office  on 
being  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirtieth  and  Thirty- 
second  Congresses.  Died  at  Martinsburg,  New  York, 
December  24,  1859. 

Jenks,  G-eorg-e  A.;  was  born  in  Jefferson  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  March  20,  1836;  graduated  at 
Jefferson  College  in  1858;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  the  town  of  Brookville;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions';  on 
July  1,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior. 

Jenks,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Pawtucket,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1656;  was  Deputy  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island;  was  Governor  from  1727  to  1732;  he  was 
the  tallest  man  in  Rhode  Island,  standing  seven  feet 
and  two  inches  in  his  stockings.  Died  June  15, 
1740. 

Jenks,  Michael  H.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Jenness,  Benning  W.;  was  Judge  of  Probate  in 
Strafford  County,  New  Hampshire,  from  1841  to  1845; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  dur 
ing  the  years  1845  and  1846. 

Jennings,  David ;  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1825  to  1826. 

Jennings,  Jonathan ;  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  the  first  Governor  in 
Indiana;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1809  to  1816,  and  from  1822  to 
1831;  in  1818  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
Indian  Commissioner.  Died  near  Charlestown, 
Clarke  County,  Indiana,  July  26,  1834. 

Jerome,  David  Howell;  was  born  at  Detroit, 
Michigan,  November  17,  1829;  passed  his  infancy  in 
the  State  of  New  York;  returning  to  Michigan,  with 
his  widowed  mother,  in  1834,  and  locating  in  St. 
Olair  County;  in  1853  went  to  Californiaand  remained 
one  year;  in  1854returnc  .  to  Michigan  and  settled  at 
Saginaw  in  the  business  of  merchandizing;  was  a 
State  Senator  from  1862  to  1868;  in  1865  and  1866  was 
Military  Aid  to  the  Governor;  was  President  of  the 
State  Military  Board  from  1865  to  1873;  in  the  latter 
year  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Commission;  in  1875  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  United  States  Indian  Commissioners; 
was  Governor  of  Michigan  from  1881  to  1883. 

Jeter,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  1825;  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Union,  South  Carolina;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  served  several  terms  as  State  Senator;  was 
President  of  the  Senate  at  the  time  of  the  resignation 
of  Governor  Simpson,  in  August,  1880,  and,  by  virtue 
of  his  office,  became  Governor  of  the  State;  resigned 
in  December,  1880,  to  accept  the  position  of  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  in  1883  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Railroad  Commissioners  of  the 
State.  Died  at  his  home  May  20,  1883. 

Jewell,  Marshall ;  was  born  in  Winchester,  New 
Hampshire,  October  20,  1825;  was  brought  up  a  tan 
ner;  studied  telegraphy  and  electricity  in  Boston, 
and  superintended  the  construction  of  lines  between 


Louisville  and  New  Orleans;  in  1850  commenced,  in 
Hartford,  the  business  of  manufacturing  leather-belt 
ing;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut  from  1868  to  1870; 
was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Russia  in 
1873;  in  1874  was  appointed  Postmaster-General  in 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Grant.  Died  February  10, 
1883. 

Jewett,  C.  O.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Ark 
ansas;  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  that  Territory;  after  it  became  a  State, 
continued  on  the  Bench  as  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court. 

Jewett,  Freeborn  G?;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1826 
and  1827;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1831 
to  1833;  from  1846  to  1856  was  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  York.  Died  February  23,  1858, 
aged  sixty -eight  years. 

Jewett,  Hugh  J.;  was  born  at  Deer  Creek, 
Harford  County,  Maryland;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  studied  law  in  Cecil  County;  left  Maryland  in 
early  manhood,  and  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  prac 
ticed  his  profession;  held  no  public  position  until 
1872,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  soon  resigned  to 
accept  the  position  of  President  of  the  Erie  Railroad 
Company. 

Jewett,  Joshua  H. ;  was  born  at  Deer  Creek, 
Harford  County,  Maryland,  September  13,  1812; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  removed  to  Ken 
tucky;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Jewett,  Luther ;  was  born  in  Cantei'mry,  Con 
necticut,  December  24, 1772;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1795;  was  both  a  clergyman  and  a  physi 
cian;  was,  for  fifteen  years,  a  member  of  the  Vermont 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  from  1815  to  1817.  Died  March  8,  1860, 
aged  eighty-seven  years. 

Jewitt,  Albert  GK;  was  a  citizen  of  Maine;  in 
1845  was  appointed  Charge  &  Affaires  to  Peru,  where 
he  remained  until  1847,  when  he  returned  home. 

Johns,  Kensey  ;  was  born  in  Delaware,  Decem 
ber  10,  1791;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1810; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1813; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from 
1827  to  1831;  in  1832  was  appointed  Chancellor  of 
the  State  of  Delaware,  in  Avhich  capacity  he  was  still 
serving  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
New  Castle,  March  28,  1857;  a  person  bearing  this 
name  was  appointed  to  the  Senate  from  Delaware  in 
1794,  but  was  not  admitted;  he  was  the  father  of 
the  above,  and  also  filled  the  position  of  Chancellor 
of  the  State. 

Johnson,  Alexander  S.;  was  born  in  Utica,  in 
1822;  received  a  liberal  education ;  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  New  York  City;  in  1852  was  elected  to  the 
Bench  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  removed  to  Al 
bany,  serving  one  term;  subsequently  returned  to 
his  native  town;  in  1873  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  of  Appeals,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  before  the  close 
of  the  year  was  re-appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals,  holding  the  office  until  December,  1874; 
in  October,  1875.  was  appointed  United  States  Judge 
for  the  Second  Circuit,  in  the  place  of  L.  B.  Wood 
ruff,  deceased. 


266 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Johnson,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  Raleigh,  Nortl1 
Carolina,  December  29,  1808;  when  ten  years  of  age 
was  apprenticed  to  a  tailor,  and  worked  at  that  busi 
ness,  in  his  native  town,  until  his  seventeenth  year 
never  attended  school,  but  acquired  a  good  Englisl: 
education  by  studying  alone;  removed  to  Greenville, 
Tennessee;  was  elected  Mayor  of  that  place  in  1830; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1835;  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1841 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1843  to  1853,  serving  on 
various  important  committees;  during  the  latter  yeai 
w'as  chosen  Governor  of  Tennessee,  and  re-elected  in 
1855;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1857  for 
the  term  ending  in  1863,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Lands  and  the  District  of  Columbia;  in 
1862  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  was  .ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Military  Governor  of 
Tennessee;  "by  the  "Baltimore  Convention  "  of  1864 
was  nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States,  and  duly  elected;  on  the  death   of 
Abraham  Lincoln,  April  15,  1865.  took  the  prescribed 
oath  and  entered  upon  his  duties  as  President  of  the 
United  States;  his  life  and  speeches  have  been  pub 
lished  in  a  variety  of  editions;  in  1866  received  from 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  the  degree  of  LL.D. ; 
on  February  22,  1868,  the  House  of  Representatives 
adopted  articles  of  impeachment  against  him,  found 
ed  chiefly  upon  his  alleged   misconduct  under  the 
Tenure-of-Office  Bill;  only  one  Republican,  S.  F.  Gary, 
and  one  Conservative  Republican,    T.    E.    Stewart, 
voted  against  the  measure;  on   being  tried  by  the 
Senate,  organized  as  a  High  Court  of  Impeachment, 
the  necessary  two-thirds  vote  could  not  be  secured, 
and  he  was  acquitted;  the  Democrats  who  voted  for 
his  acquittal  were  Senators  Bayard,  Buckalew,  Davis 
McCreery,  Hendricks,  Johnson,  Patterson  of  Tennes 
see,  Saulsbury,  and  Vickers;  and  those  elected  to  the 
Senate  as  Republicans,  who  voted  with  them,  were 
Senators  Dixon,  Doolittle,  Fessenden,  Fowler,  Grimes, 
Henderson,  Norton,  Ross,  Trumbull,  and  Van  Win 
kle;  the  Republicans  who  voted  for  conviction  were 
Senators  Anthony,  Cameron,  Cattell,  Chandler,  Cole, 
Conkling,    Conness,     Corbett,    Cragin,    Drake,    Ed 
munds,    Ferry,    Frelinghuysen,     Harlan,    Howard, 
Howe,    Morgan,    Morrill   of   Vermont,    Morrill    of 
Maine,  Morton,   Nye,  Patterson  of  New  Hampshire, 
Porneroy,  Ramsey,  Sherman,  Sprague,  Stewart,  Sum- 
ner.  Thayer,  Tipton,  Willey,  Williams,  Wilson,  Yates, 
and  Wade,  the  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern.;  Mr. 
Johnson  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875;  occupied  his 
seat  during  the  extra  session  of  the  Senate.     Died  in 
Carter  County,  Tennessee,  July  31,  1875. 

Johnson,  Benjamin  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
the  Territory  of  Arkansas;  in  1821  was  appointed 
United  States  Judge  for  that  Territory,  serving  in 
that  capacity  until  1833. 

Johnson,  Cave  ;  was  born  in  Robertson  County, 
Tennessee,  January  11,  1793;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
Circuit  Judge  for  several  years;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1829  to  1837,  and 
again  from  1839  to  1845,  after  which  he  went'  into 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Polk,  as  Postmaster-General- 
also  held,  for  many  years,  the  position  of  President 
of  the  Bank  of  Tennessee,  which  he  resigned  in 
1859.  Died  in  Clarksville,  Tennessee,  November  23 
1866. 

Johnson,  David;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1782- 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  South  Carolina  in  1805; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in 
1812;  Solicitor  of  the  Middle  Circuit,  Unbn  District 


from  1812  to  1815;  Circuit  Judge  from  1815  to  1824; 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  from  1824  to  1835; 
Chancellor  from  1835  to  1846;  Governor  of  South  Car 
olina  from  1846  to  1848.  Died  at  Limestone  Springs, 
South  Carolina,  January  7,  1855. 

Johnson,  D.  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  for 
the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  at  Santa  Fe. 

Johnson,  Francis;  was  born  in  Caroline  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky  in  1820,  in  the  place  of  D.  Walker,  deceased, 
and  from  1821  to  1827. 

Johnson,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  at  Glens 
Falls,  New  York,  January  2,  1833;  received  a  com 
mon  school  and  academic  education;  became  a  clerk 
in  the  Glens  Falls  Bank  in  1852;  was  afterwards 
Cashier  of  the  Commercial  Bank  of  Glens  Falls;  in 
1871  engaged  in  the  business  of  private  banking  at 
Glens  Falls;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Johnson,  Harvey  H.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  re 
moved  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Johnson,  Henry;  was  born  in  Tennessee,  Sep 
tember  14, 1783;  studied  law  in  Louisiana;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Second  Superior  Court  of  Orleans  Territory  in 
1809;  Judge  of  the  Parish  Court  of  St.  Mary,  May  1, 
1811;  member  of  the  " Constitutional  Convention" 
of  Louisiana  in  1812;  ran  for  Congress  in  1812,  but 
was  defeated;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in 
1818  for  the  unexpired  term  of  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne, 
deceased,  and  held  that  position  until  1824,  in  which 
year  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Louisiana;  in  1826 
was  re-elected,  holding  that  office  for  four  consecu 
tive  years;  in  1829  was  defeated  for  the  United 
States  Senate,  by  Edward  Livingston;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Twenty-fourth  and 
Twenty-fifth  Congresses;  in  1842  was  a  candidate  for 
Governor,  but  was  defeated  by  Alexander  Mouton; 
in  1844  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  United 
States  Senate  caused  by  the  death  of  A.  Porter,  under 
which  election  he  sat  in  the  Senate  until  March, 
1849;  was  the  head  of  the  Whig  party  in  Louisiana 
Died  July  31,  1861. 

Johnson,  Henry  C.;  was  born  at  Pittsburgh 
Pennsylvania,  March  29,  1826;  his  father  being°at 
that  time  an  officer  of  the  army  and  stationed  at  That 
post;  in  1837  removed  to  Meadville,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  received  an  academic  and  collegiate  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Meadville;  at  an  early  age  entered 
politics  and  at  once  became  a  leader;  was  frequently 
a  Delegate  to  County  and  State  Conventions;  held  a 
number  of  important  public  positions,  among  which 
were  those  of  Attorney-General  of  New  Mexico,  Dis 
trict  and  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania;  Representative  in  the  State  Le«risl'a- 
ture  for  several  terms,  during  one  of  which  he"  was 
Speaker  of  the  House;  was  Chairman  of  the  Judi 
ciary  Committee  of  the  House,  and  one  of  the  Joint 
Jommittee  to  revise  the.  work  of  the  Commission  for 
the  Codification  of  the  Laws;  was  one  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Seven  for  conducting  Mr.  Lincoln's  second 
canvass  in  Pennsylvania;  was  President  of  the  State 
Convention  which  nominated  General  Hartranft  for 
Auditor-General;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872- 
n  April,  1874,  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Cus 
toms  in  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington  in 
which  office  he  served  until  April,  1885,  when  he  re 
signed. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


2G7 


Johnson,  Herschell  V.;  was  born  in  Burke 
County,  Georgia,  September  18,  1812;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Georgia  in  1834,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  a  presidential  Elector  in 
18-14;  in  1848  was  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  Senate;  in  1849  was  elected  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court;  in  1860  was  a  candidate  for  the 
office  of  Vice-President,  on  the  ticket  with  S.  A. 
Douglas,  but  was  defeated ;  subsequently  served  in 
the  Confederate  Senate;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866;  after 
the  Rebellion  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Georgia.  Died  August  17,  1880. 

Johnson,  Hezekiah  S.;  was  born  in  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  September  12,  1828;  was  educated 
chiefly  at  the  Allegheny  College,  Meadville;  learned 
the  printing  trade;  removed  to  New  Mexico  in  1849; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854;  held  the 
offices  of  District  Attorney,  Clerk  of  Court,  and 
Treasurer  of  the  Territory;  in  1863  was  elected  to 
the  Territorial  Legislature;  edited  newspapers  in 
Meadville,  Santa  Fe,  and  Albuquerque;  in  1869  was 
appointed,  by  President  Grant,  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Mexico,  and  was  re-ap 
pointed  in  1871. 

Johnson,  Isaac ;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1845  to  1850.  Died  in  New  Orleans,  March  15, 
1853. 

Johnson,  James;  was  born  in  Virginia:  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1813 
to  1820,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  the  ports  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth,  Vir 
ginia;  also  served  in  the  State  Legislature.  Died  at 
Norfolk,  December  7,  1825. 

Johnson,  James ;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
Virginia;  served  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  under  Colonel 
R.  M.  Johnson  at  the  Battle  of  the  Thames;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  during  the 
years  1825  and  1826;  his  death  was  announced  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  December,  1826. 

Johnson,  James ;  was  born  in  Robinson  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1811;  graduated  at  the  State  Uni 
versity  in  1832;  taught  school  for  a  time,  and  studied 
law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to 
1853;  in  1865  was  appointed  Provisional  Governor  of 
Georgia;  in  1866  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs 
at  Savannah,  where  he  remained  until  1869,  when  he 
resigned;  was  subsequently  made  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  the  State. 

Johnson,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Spartanburg, 
South  Carolina,  May  16,  1829;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  medicine  and  law;  removed 
to  California;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1859;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  California  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post  Office  and  Post  Roads,  and  Agriculture;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress. 

Johnson,  James  H.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1839;  was  a  State  Coun 
selor  in  1842  and  1843;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1845  to  1847,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures. 

Johnson,  James  L.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1851. 

Johnson,  Jeromus  ;  was  born  in  Kings  County, 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  City  from  1825  to  1829.  Died  in  Goshen, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  September  7,  1846. 


Johnson,  John ;  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1808;  received  a  common  school 
education;  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1824,  where  he  was 
devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits;  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  Senate;  also,  in  the  last  Constitutional 
Convention  of  that  State;  was  a  Representative  m 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1851  to  1853. 

Johnson,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Kentucky;  was  a  brother  of  Richard  M.  Johnson; 
was  once  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Ken 
tucky-  represented  that  State  in  Congress  from  1821 
to  182o;  for  thirty  years  was  a  preacher  of  the  Gospel,, 
without  receiving  a  salary.  Died  in  Lexington^ 
Missouri,  December  18,  1857. 

Johnson,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Orange  County,. 
NewYork,  December  19, 1785;  on  removing  to  Virginia, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1823 
to  1827,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  from  1845  to  1847; 
was  Governor  of  Virginia  from  1852  to  1856. 

Johnson,  J.  Neely ;  was  Governor  of  California 
from  1856  to  1858. 

Johnson,  Noadiah ;  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  New  York;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1833  to 
1835.  Died  at  Albany,  April  4,  1839. 

Johnson,  Perley  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  Irom  that  State  from  1843- 
to  1845. 

Johnson,  Philip ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
New  Jersey,  January  17,  1818;  his  grandfather  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  in  1839  removed 
with  his  father  to  Pennsylvania,  settling  in  North 
ampton  County;  was  educated  at  Lafayette  College, 
where  he  spent  two  years,  after  which  he  spent  two- 
years  teaching  school  in  the  South;  on  his  return 
home  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848, 
and  soon  afterwards  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Sessions  and  of  Oyer  and  Terminer;  in  1853  and  1854 
was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly;  in  1857  was- 
Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Convention;  in 
1860  was  the  Revenue  Commissioner  for  the  Third 
Judicial  District  of  the  State;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Roads  and 
Canals,  and  on  Patents;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Con 
vention  of  1864;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post  Office 
and  Post  Roads,  and  Expenditures  on  the  Public 
Buildings.  Died  in  Washington,  January  31,  1867. 

Johnson,  Reverdy;  was  born  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  May  21,  1796;  was  educated  at  St.  John's. 
College,  Annapolis;  studied  law  with  his  father,  and 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  practiced  his  pro 
fession;  his  first  appointment  was  that  of  State  At 
torney;  in  1817  removed  to  Baltimore;  in  1820  was 
appointed  Chief  Commissioner  of  Insolvent  Debtors, 
which  office  he  held  until  1821,  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  serving  five  years;  was  re-elected 
and  resigned  in  the  second  year  of  that  term;  in  1845- 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he  remained 
until  1849,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  post  of  At 
torney-General  of  the  United  States,  tendered  him  by 
President  Taylor;  leaving  the  latter  position,  he 
turned  his  whole  attention  to  his  profession,  prac 
ticing  chiefly  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Johnson  also  took  an  active  part  in  the 
preparation  of  seven  volumes  of  Reports  of  Decisions- 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland ;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  "Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  was  subsequently 


268 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Maryland  by  th 
voters  of  Baltimore  County;  in  18(32  was  again  electe 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  his  native  State,  for  th 
term  commencing  March,  1863,  and  ending  in  186£ 
serving  on  the  Library  Committee,  those  on  the  Ju 
diciary  and  Foreign  Relations,  and  also  the  Specia 
Joint  Committee  on  Reconstruction;  was  one  of  th 
Senators  designated  by  the  Senate  to  attend  th 
funeral  of  General  Scott  in  1866;  was  a  Delegate  t 
the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  o 
1866,  taking  a  leading  part  in  its  proceedings.  In  ar 
address  to  the  law  students  of  Columbia  College  ii 
June,  1875,  he  made  the  statement  that  he  had  beei 
a  practicing  lawyer  for  sixty  years;  in  the  latter  par 
of  1875,  notwithstanding  his  advanced  age,  he  mad< 
a  professional  visit  to  England;  on  February  10,  1876 
while  visiting  Annapolis,  his  native  town,  he  was 
found  dead  near  the  threshold  of  the  Governor's 
mansion,  where  he  had  been  dining  with  a  fev 
friends.  He  was  not  feeling  well,  and  had  left  the 
table  for  a  few  moments  to  obtain  a  little  fresh  air 
when,  at  a  moment  when  no  one  was  near,  he  fell,  a; 
was  supposed,  and  immediately  expired. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.;  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1780;  in  1807  was  chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky,  which  post  he  held  until  1813 
in  1813  raised  a  volunteer  regiinent  of  cavalry  of  one 
thousand  men  to  fight  the  British  and  Indians  on  the 
Lakes,  and  during  the  campaign  that  followed  served 
with  great  credit  under  General  Harrison  as  Colonel 
of  that  regiment;  greatly  distinguished  himself  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  and  the  chief,  Tecumseh, 
is  said  to  have  been  killed  by  his  hand;  in  1814  was 
appointed  Indian  Commissioner,  by  President  Madi 
son;  was  again  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1813  to  1819;  in  1819  went  from  the  House  into  the 
United  States  Senate  to  fill  an  unexpired  term;  was 
re-elected,  and  served  as  Senator  until  1829;  was 
again  elected  to  the  House,  and  remained  there  until 
1837,  when  he  became  Vice  President,  and  as  such 
presided  over  the  Senate;  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature.  Died 
from  a  second  attack  of  paralysis.  He  was  a  kind- 
hearted,  courageous,  and  talented  man. 

Johnson,  Robert;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
in  1836  was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Postmaster 
General,  holding  the  office  until  1841. 

Johnson,  Robert  W.;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1814;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Arkansas  in  1847,  and  served  until  1853,  when  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Printing,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on.  Military  Affairs,  and  on  Public 
Lands;  withdrew  in  1861,  and  took  part  in  the  Re 
bellion. 

Johnson,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Calvert  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  in  1732;  was  educated  by  private 
tutors  and  studied  law;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1775  to  1777,  when  he  left  that 
body  to  raise  an  army,  with  which,  as  Commander, 
he  went  to  assist  Washington  in  New  England;  was 
the  first  Republican  Governor  of  Maryland,  servin^ 
as  such  from  1777  to  1779,  and  residing  in  Frederick 
City;  was  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  the  State  of  Maryland;  member  of  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Locating  the  District  of 
Columbia;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  from  1791  to  1793,  when  he  re 
signed;  he  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Washington, 
,and  was  frequently  honored  with  a  visit  by  thePres- 
lident  at  "  Rose  Hill,"  near  Frederick;  was  the  Dele 
gate  in  Congress  who  proposed  that  the  General 


should  be  declared  Commander-in-Chief,  and  when 
Jefferson  left  the  Cabinet  of  Washington,  Mr.  John 
son  was  offered  the  position  of  Secretary  of  State, 
which  he  declined;  his  abilities  as  a  lawyer  were  of 
a  high  order,  and  he  was  a  successful  practitioner; 
on  one  occasion,  when  John  Adams  was  questioned 
as  to  how  it  was  that  so  many  Southern  men  should 
have  participated  in  the  war,  he  replied  that  if  it 
had  not  been  for  such  men  as  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Thomas  Jefferson,  Samuel  Chase,  and  Thomas  John 
son,  there  would  never  have  been  any  Revolution. 
He  died  on  his  estate  near  Frederick  City,  which 
had  been  his  home  for  forty-three  years,  October  6, 
1819. 

Johnson,  Waldo  P.;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Missouri  in  1861,  for  the  term  ending 
in  1867,  but  was  expelled  by  the  Senate  January  10, 
1862. 

Johnson,  William ;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  December  27,  1771;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1790;  studied  law  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1792;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1794;  was  re-elected  and  made  Speaker;  was  sub 
sequently  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the 
State;  in  1804  was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
which  position  he  held  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  New  York,  August  4,  1834,  from  the  effects 
of  a  surgical  operation ;  in  1819  was  appointed  and 
confirmed  as  Collector  of  Charleston,  which  office  he 
declined;  in  1822  published  the  "Life  and  Services 
of  Nathaniel  Greene,"  in  two  volumes. 

Johnson,  William  ;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1819; 
removed  to  Ohio  in  early  life;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  held  a  variety  of  local  offices  in  Richmond 
County,  where  he  long  resided;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  on  Ex 
penditures  on  the  Public  Buildings.  Died  at  Mans 
field,  Ohio,  May  3,  1866. 

Johnson,  William  Cost ;  was  born  in  Freder 
ick  County,  Maryland,  in  1806;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  in  1831;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1833  to  1835,  and  from 
1837  to  1843;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  before 
entering  and  after  he  left  Congress;  was  a  member  of 
the  last  Convention  for  revising  the  Constitution  of 
Maryland;  was  President  of  the  National  Convention 
of  Young  Men  which  met  in  Washington  to  nomin 
ate  Henry  Clay  for  President;  when  in  Congress,  Mr. 
Johnson  officiated  for  a  number  of  years  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and  also  as  a 
member  of  the  Judiciary  Committee.  Died  in  Wash- 
"ngton,  April  16,  1860. 

Johnson,  William  S.;  was  born  in  Stratford, 
Connecticut,  October  7,  1727;  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
ege  in  1744;  studied  law  at  Cambridge,  and  acquired 
listmction  as  a  pleader  and  orator;  in  1765  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Congress  at  New  York;  in  1766  an 
-gent  for  the  Colony,  to  England,  where,  during  a 
esidence  of  four  years,  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
he  Royal  Society;  in  1772  was  appointed  Judge  of 
he  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut;  in  1780  was  a 
a  ember  of  the  Council  of  Connecticut;  was  again  a 
delegate  to  the  New  York  Congress  in  1785;  in  1787 
vas  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
onstitution  of  the  United  States;  was  a  Senator  in 
ongress  from  1789  to  1791,  and  from  1792  to  1800 
'resident  of  Columbia  College  in  New  York,  after 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


269 


which  he  returned  to  his  native  village,  where  he 
died,  November  14,  1819.     He  received  from  Oxford 
the  degree  of  LL.D.,  and  will  always  be  remembered 
as  one  of  the  great  men  of  this  country;  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  appointed  to  revise  the  lan 
guage  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  corrections  in  the 
original  copy  are  in  his  handwriting;    he  was  the 
son  of  Samuel  Johnson,  the  eminent  Episcopal  divine 
.  and  first  President  of  King's  College  (subsequently 
Columbia),  and  among  his  intimate  friends  and  cor- 
;  respondents  were  Samuel  Johnson,  the  great  English 
;  writer,  and  Benjamin  Franklin,  while  his  father  had 
been  the  warm  personal  friend  of  Bishop  Berkeley. 

Johnston,  Charles :  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York, . 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Johnston,   Charles ;     was    born    in    Chowan 

County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  member  of  the  State 

Legislature  for  many  years;  was  a  Representative  in 

Congress  during  the  years  1801  and  1802;  died  before 

I  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

Johnston,  Charles  C.;  Avas  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1831  to  1832,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Imprisonment  for 
Debt.  Was  found  drowned  in  the  Potomac,  near 
Alexandria,  June  18,  1832. 

Johnston,  James  T.;  \vas  born  in  Putnam 
County,  Indiana,  January  19,  1839;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  commenced  the  study  of  the 
law  in  1861;  in  July,  18G2,  enlisted  as  a  priA'ate  in 
Company  C,  Sixth  Indiana  Cavalry;  in  September, 
1863,  Avas  transferred  to  Company  A,  Eighth  Ten 
nessee  Cavalry,  and  commissioned  as  Second  Lieu 
tenant;  served  in  that  capacity  until  January,  1864, 
resigning  on  account  of  disability;  afterwards  served 
as  Commissary  Sergeant  of  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
third  Indiana  Infantry;  Avas  commissioned  Lieuten 
ant  and  Assistant  Quartermaster  of  the  One  Hundred 
and  Forty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  and  was  mustered 
out  with  the  Regiment  in  September,  1865;  studied 
law;  Avas  admitted  to  the  bar  in  March,  1866;  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Rockville,  Indiana; 
was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney,  serving  two  years; 
was  elected  as  Representative  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1868;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1874, 
serving  four  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Johnston,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Panicello, 
near  Abington,  South  Carolina,  September  9,  1818; 
was  educated  at  the  South  Carolina  College,  Colum 
bia;  studied  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  prac 
ticed  until  1839,  when  he  was  made  Judge  of  the 
Tenth  Judicial  District;  was  a  member  of  the  Senate 
of  the  State  of  Virginia  in  1847  and  1848;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Northwestern  Bank  at  Jeffersonville, 
Virginia,  from  1850  to  1859;  in  1870  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  from  Virginia,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1871 ;  Avas  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures, 
Patents,  and  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  in  Janu 
ary,  1876,  Avas  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1877  and  ending  in  1883. 

Johnston,  Joseph  E.;  was  born  at  Longwood, 
Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia,  in  1809;  passed 
his  boyhood  near  Abingdon,  Virginia,  his  father 
being  Judge  of  that  Circuit  under  the  old  system  of 
the  State;  was  educated  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy,  at  West  Point,  New  York,  graduating 
therefrom  in  1829;  was  appointed  a  Second  Lieuten 
ant  in  the  United  States  Army;  became  a  First 


Lieutenant  in  1837,  served  in  the  Florida  War  from 
1836  until  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1843;  Avas  brev- 
etted  Captain  in  1838;  in  1846  Avas  Captain  of  Topo 
graphical  Engineers,  and  served  in  Mexico  as  such, 
and  as  Lieutenant-Colonel,  during  the  Mexican  War; 
was  brevetted  Colonel  for  gallantry  on  the  field  of 
battle;  in  1853  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  Cavalry;  in  1860  Avas  promoted  to  Quarter 
master-General;  relinquished  that  post  in  April, 
1861,  to  enter  the  Confederate  service  as  General;, 
served  throughout  the  Civil  War  Avith  marked  ability 
and  distinction;  after  the  close  of  the  war  became 
President  of  an  insurance  company  at  Richmond, 
Virginia;  in  1878  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress;  declined  a  re- 
nomination;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Pres 
ident  Cleveland,  Commissioner  of  Railroads  in  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  at  Washington. 

Johnston,  Josiah  S.;  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
Connecticut,  November  25,  1784;  was  taken,  by  his 
father,  in  infancy,  to  Kentucky;  graduated ^vt  Tran 
sylvania  University;  studied  law;  removed  to  Louisi 
ana  in  1805,  and  commenced  his  professional  career 
at  Alexandria,  on  the  Red  River;  in  1812  AAras  a  lead 
ing  man  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  next  appointed 
District  Judge;  represented  Louisiana  in  Congress 
from  1821  to  1823;  in  1824  Avas  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  retaining  that  position  until  his  death, 
Avhich  occurred  May  19,  1833,  by  the  explosion  of 
gunpowder  on  board  the  steamboat  Lioness  on  Red 
RiArer.  Some  of  his  reports  and  speeches  were  highly 
appreciated,  and  published  for  the  benefit  of  his  con 
stituents. 

Johnston,  Samuel;  was  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  from  1787  to  1789;  Avas  President  of  the 
Convention  of  that  State  which  ratified  the  Federal 
Constitution;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1780 
to  1782,  in  1789  was  appointed  a  Senator  from  North 
Carolina,  and  served  until  1793;  was  afterAvards  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Law  and  Equity;  was 
one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  seat  of  Gov 
ernment  on  the  Potomac;  was  a  native  of  Edenton, 
and  died  at  Shenvarkey,  August  18,  1816,  aged 
eighty-three  years. 

Johnston,  Thomas  Dillard;  was  born  at 
Waynesville,  Haywood  County,  North  Carolina, 
April  1,  1840;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  prepared  for  college  at  the  school  of  Colonel 
Stephen  Lee,  near  Asheville;  after  four  years  study 
in  Colonel  Lee's  school,  he  entered  the  State  Uni 
versity,  as  a  sophomore,  but  ill-health  compelled  him 
to  withdraw  before  the  close  of  the  session;  entered 
the  Confederate  Army  in  1861  and  Avas  soon  after 
elected  Lieutenant;  was  subsequently  detailed  as 
Adjutant  of  his  regiment;  at  the  battle  of  Malvern 
Hill  was  severely  wounded,  and  although  he  after- 
Avards  served  as  Captain  and  Quartermaster,  he  was 
compelled  by  ill-health  to  leave  the  service;  after  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867 ;  in  1868  was  nominated  for 
Solicitor  of  his  district,  but  was  not  declared  elected, 
the  State  being  under  military  rule;  in  1869  Avas 
elected  Mayor  of  Asheville,  North  Carolina;  in  1870- 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
and  was  re-elected  in  1872;  he  was  re-nominated  in 
1874,  but  declined;  in  1876  was  elected  State  Senator; 
in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Johnston,  "William  F.;  was  elected  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until 
1852.  Died  in  Pittsburg,  October  30,  1872. 


270 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Jonas,  Benjamin  F. ;  was  born  at  Williams- 
town,  Kentucky,  July  19,  1834;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Illinois,  and  was  educated  there;  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  in  1853;  graduated  at 
the  Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Louisiana  in 
1855;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1865;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1868;  was  elected 
a  State  Senator  in  1872;  was  elected  City  Attorney 
in  1874  and  re-elected  in  1876;  was  again  in  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  in  1876  and  1877;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  National  Committee;  wa 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Louisi 
ana  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1879. 

Jones,  Alexander  H.;  was  born  in  Ashe*rille, 
Buncombe  County,  North  Carolina,  July  21,  1822 
received  an  academic  education ;  was  a  farmer,  a 
merchant,  and  an  editor;  sided  with  the  Union  cause 
during  the  Rebellion;  while  recruiting  for  the  army 
was  arrested  and  imprisoned  in  Asheville  and  in 
Richmond  by  the  Confederate  authorities;  made  hi 
escape  in  1864;  after  the  war  returned  to  North  Car 
olina;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1865;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  but  refused  admittance;  was  re-elected  a 
Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Expenditures, 
and  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Jones,  Allen ;  was  a  Revolutionary  patriot  of 
Halifax,  North  Carolina;  was  chosen  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  of  Halifax  District,  in  April,  1776;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  that 
year;  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1779 
and  1780;  State  Senator  from  1784  to  1787;  member 
of  the  Convention  to  adopt  the  United  States  Consti 
tution  which  he  advocated. 

Jones,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837. 

Jones,  Burr  W.;  was  born  at  Union,  Rock 
County,  Wisconsin,  March  9,  1846;  received  a  classi 
cal  education,  graduating  from  the  Wisconsin  State 
University  in  1870,  and  afterwards  from  the  Law 
School  of  that  Institution ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1871,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Madison,  Wis 
consin;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in  1872,  and 
re-elected  in  1874;  declined  a  re-nomination;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  For 
ty-eighth  Congress. 

Jones,  Charles  "W".;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1834; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  when  ten  years  of 
age;  spent  some  years  in  Alabama,  Louisiana,  and 
Mississippi;  settling  in  Florida  in  1854;  was  a 
mechanic  by  occupation ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1857;  became  successful  in  the 
profession ;  was  a  member  of  the  Baltimore  Conven 
tion  in  1872;  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic  Lib- 
.  eral  ticket  for  Congress  in  that  year,  but  was  defeated  • 
in  1874  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Lower  House  of 
the  State  Legislature  from  Escambia County;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Florida  for 
the  term  ending  in  1881;  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1887. 

Jones,  Daniel  T.;  was  born  in  Connecticut,  set 
tled  in  New  York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to  1855. 

Jones,  Francis ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1817  to  1823. 


Jones,  Frank ;  was  born  at  Barrington,  New 
Hampshire,  September  15,  1832;  removed  to  Ports 
mouth,  in  the  same  State,  in  1849,  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Ports 
mouth  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1869;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Jones,  George ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  during  the  session  of  1807,  by  appointment 
of  the  Governor,  but  was  superseded  by  W.  H. 
Crawford. 

Jones,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Vincennes,  In 
diana;  graduated  at  Transylvania  University,  Ken 
tucky  in  1825;  was  bred  to  the  law,  but  ill-health 
prevented  him  from  practicing;  was  Clerk  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  in  Missouri  in  1826; 
served  as  an  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Henry  Dodge 
in  the  Black  Hawk  War;  Avas  chosen  Colonel  of 
Militia  in  1832;  subsequently  Major-General;  also 
Judge  of  a  County  Court;  in  1835  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Michigan, 
and  served  two  years;  in  1839  was  appointed,  by 
President  Van  Buren,  Surveyor-General  of  the  North 
west;  was  removed,  in  1841,  for  his  politics,  but  re- 
appointed  by  President  Polk,  and  remained  in  the 
office  until  1849;  in  1848  was  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Iowa  for  six  years,  and  re-elected  in 
1852  for  six  years,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Pensions  and  on  Enrolled  Bills,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Territories;  at  the 
conclusion  of  bis  last  term  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan,  Minister  to  New  Granada;  in  1861 
was  charged  with  disloyalty,  and  imprisoned  in  Fort 
Warren. 

Jones,  George  W.;  was  born  in  King  and 
Queen  County,  Virginia,  March  15,  1806;  began  life 
as  a  saddler;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  three 
years;  in  1834  a  Justice  to  hold  the  Quorum  Court 
in  Lincoln  County;  in  1835  and  1837  was  elected  to 
the  Tennessee  Legislature;  in  1839  to  the  State  Sen 
ate;  in  1840  and  1842  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Lin 
coln  County  Court;  in  1843  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  and  was  for  eight  consecutive 
terms  re-elected,  serving  during  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and 
Canals;  in  1853,  upon  the  inauguration  of  President 
Pierce,  was  appointed  special  bearer  of  dispatches  to 
the  American  Consul  at  Havana,  having  been  au 
thorized  to  administer  the  official  oath  to  the  Vice- 
President,  W.  R.  King,  who  had  visited  Cuba  for  his 
health;  in  1861  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Con- 
ress, ' '  held  in  Washington. 

Jones,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Marion  Count  v, 
Alabama,  September  5,  1828;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  removed 
to  Texas  in  1848,  and  settled  at  Bastrop;  was  elected 
District  Attorney  in  1856;  opposed  secession  in  1861, 
but  yielded  to  the  inevitable,  and  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  until  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1866,  and  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  under  the  new  Constitution,  but  was  re 
moved  by  the  military  authorities;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses.  Died  July  6,  1883. 

Jones,  Horatio ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania-  re- 
noved  to  Missouri,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  United  States 
"Jourt  for  the  Territory  of  Nevada. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


271 


Jones,  Jsaac  D.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1841 
to  1843;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention" 
of  18U4;  in  1867  was  elected  Attorney-General  of 
Maryland. 

Jones,  James;  was  born  in  Maryland;  removed 
to  Georgia  when  young;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Savannah;  was  often  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Georgia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1799 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Washing 
ton,  January  12,  1801. 

Jones,  James  ;  was  born  in  Amelia  County,  Vir 
ginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from,  that 
Stata  from  1819  to  1823. 

Jones,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Wilson  County, 
Tennessee,  June  8,  1809;  received  a  good  education; 
devoted  himself  in  early  life  to  farming;  first  entered 
public  life,  in  1839,  as  a  member  of  the  Tennessee 
Legislature;  was  Governor  of  Tennessee  from  1841  to 
1845,  serving  two  terms;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1840  and  1848;  in  1851  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee,  serving  the  whole  of  his 
term  of  six  years.  Died  at  Memphis,  Tennessee, 
October  29,  1859.  He  was  for  many  years  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  Memphis  and  his  native  State,  and 
was  distinguished  for  his  ability. 

Jones,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Shelby  County, 
Alabama,  September  13,  1830;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
engaged  in  practice;  settled  in  Texas;  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil  War,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel;  for  a  time  was  in  command  of  a 
brigade;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Jones,  James  Kimbroug-h  ;  was  born  in  Mar 
shall  County,  Mississippi,  September  29,  1839;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education;  served  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army;  removed  to  Arkansas;  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  1873;  in  that  year  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Sen 
ate  when  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  was 
called  in  1874;  was  re-elected  under  the  new  Consti 
tution,  and  was  President  of  the  Senate  in  1877;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Jones,  James  Taylor  ;  was  born  at  Richmond, 
Virginia,  in  1832;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Marengo  County,  Alabama,  when  two  years  of  age; 
received  a  classical  education,  graduating  from 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  and  from  the  Law 
School  of  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1855;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law ;  served  as  an  officer  in  the  Confederate 
Army  throughout  the  Civil  War;  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Demopolis,  Alabama;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1865;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1872  and  1873;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress; 
was  again  elected  to  Congress  in  1883  to  fill  the 
vacancy  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  caused  by  the 
death  of  Thomas  H.  Herndon;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Jones,  J.  Glancy ;  was  born  on  the  Conestoga 
River,  Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1811;  by  his  early 
education  was  prepared  for  the  church,  but  preferred 
the  law,  to  which  he  devoted  himself  with  success; 
while  Deputy  Attorney-General  of  the  State  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  serving  (except  a  part  of  the  Thirty-third 


Congress,  when  Henry  W.  Muhlenburg  succeeded 
him)  from  1850  to  1858;  was  the  author,  in  the 
House,  of  the  bill  creating  the  Court  of  Claims,  when 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was  placed, 
by  Speaker  Orr,  at  the  head  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856; 
was  tendered,  by  President  Buchanan,  the  mission  to 
Berlin,  which  he  declined;  in  October,  1858,  was 
offered  the  mission  to  Austria,  and  accepted  the  ap 
pointment. 

Jones,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Barke  County, 
Georgia,  November  13,  1824;  graduated  at  Emory 
College;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1818;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Revisal  and  Unfinished  Business;  resigned  in  Febru 
ary,  1861,  and  returned  to  Georgia. 

Jones,  John  P. ;  was  born  in  Herefordshire,  En 
gland,  in  1830;  came,  with  his  parents,  to  the  United 
States  when  a  child,  settling  in  Ohio;  attended  school 
in  Cleveland  for  a  few  years;  in  the  early  part  of  the 
California  excitement  went  to  that  State,  and  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  mining;  served  in  both  Houses 
of  the  State  Assembly;  went  to  Nevada  in  1867;  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Mines  and  Mining;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1885,  and  also  for  the  term  ending  in  1891. 

Jones,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Champaign  County; 
Ohio,  February  12,  1835;  graduated  at  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  University  in  1855;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1857;  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Delaware  County  in  18(JO;  resigned  in 
1861  and  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Union  Army; 
served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Col 
onel,  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Delaware,  Ohio,  in  1866,  by  a  unanimous 
vote;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Delaware  County 
from  1866  to  1872,  when  he  declined  a  re-nomination; 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Ohio 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home  from  1870  to 
1874;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  College, 
at  Delaware,  from  1865  to  1875;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1872;  received  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  from  Wesleyan  University  in  1875;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Jones,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835 
to  1845;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
during  the  Twenty-eighth  Congress;  was  an  eminent 
politician.  Died  January  29,  1848. 

Jones,  John  "W. ;  was  born  on  Rock  Creek,  Mont 
gomery  County,  Maryland,  April  14,  1806;  when 
quite  young  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  received  a  good  English  and  classical  edu 
cation  at  the  Carlisle  Seminary;  as  his  health  would 
permit,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  medicine, 
attended  lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania  Academy,  and 
from  Jefferson  College  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  Georgia  Leg 
islature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Geor 
gia  from  1847  to  1849;  in  1849  removed  to  Alabama, 
and  devoted  himself  to  agriculture;  returning  to 
Georgia,  was  appointed  a  Medical  Professor  in  the 
Atlantic  Medical  College. 

Jones,'  Joseph ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Virginia  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1778,  and. 
again  from  1780  to  1783. 


272 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Jones,  J.  M.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  California; 
in  1851  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the 
Southern  District  of  California,  residing  at  Los  An 
geles. 

Jones,  J.  Russell;  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois;  in 
1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Belgium; 
on  his  return  to  the  United  States,  was,  in  1875,  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  Customs  at  Chicago. 

Jones,  Morgan ;  was  born  in  New  York  City, 
February  26,  1832;  was  educated  at  the  School  of 
St.  James'  Chdrch  in  New  York ;  early  took  an  in 
terest  in  machinery  and  the  business  of  a  machinist; 
subsequently  adopted  the  business  of  a  plumber,  fol 
lowing  the  same  within  four  hundred  feet  of  the  spot 
where  he  was  born ;  in  1858  was  elected  a  City  Coun 
cilman  for  New  York,  and,  having  been  four  times 
re-elected,  served  as  President  of  the  Board  for  three 
years;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  and  made  President  of  that  body;  in  1864 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from  New  York,  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Expenditures. 

Jones,  Nathaniel ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1827  and  1828;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1841 ;  a 
State  Senator  in  1852  and  1853;  also  held  the  offices 
of  Surveyor-General  of  the  State,  and  Canal  Commis 
sioner.  Died  at  Newburg,  New  York,  July  21,  1866. 

Jones,  Noble  Wimberly ;  was  born  near  Lon 
don,  England,  in  1724;  removed  with  his  father,  Dr. 
Noble  Jones,  to  Georgia,  and  was  associated  with  him 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Savannah,  from  1748 
to  1756;  held  a  military  commission  at  an  early  age; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1761,  and  subse 
quently,  being  several  times  Speaker ;  was  a  leading 
patriot  in  1774;  corresponded  with  Franklin,  the 
agent  of  Georgia,  in  England;  was  Speaker  of  the 
first  Georgia  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  1775  to  1776,  and  from  1781 
to  1783;  lost  a  son  at  the  capture  of  Savannah  in 
1778;  was  himself  made  prisoner  at  the  fall  of 
Charleston,  in  1780,  and  carried  to  St.  Augustine; 
was  exchanged  July,  1781;  practiced  medicine  in 
Philadelphia  until  December,  1782,  when  he  re 
turned  to  Georgia,  and  was  again  a  member  of  the 
Assembly;  practiced  in  Charleston  from  December, 
1783,  to  December,  1788,  after  which  he  lived  in 
Savannah;  was  President  of  the  Convention  which 
revised  the  State  Constitution,  in  1795.  Died  in  Sa 
vannah,  January  9,  1805. 

Jones,  Obadiah ;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  in  1805,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi;  served  one  year  as  Territorial 
Judge  for  Illinois,  in  1809;  was  re-appointed  to  the 
same  position  in  Mississippi,  in  1810;  when  the  State 
Government  was  established,  was  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  that  District,  but  only  held  the 
office  a  short  time. 

Jones,  Owen ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  his  native  State. 

Jones,  Phineas ;  was  born  at  Spencer,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  18,  1819;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  was  a  farmer  and  merchant;  in  1855  removed 
to  Elizabeth  Port,  New  Jersey,  and  engaged  in  man 
ufacturing;  served  two  years  in  the  City  Council  of 
Elizabeth;  in  1860  removed  to  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
and  entered  largely  into  the  business  of  manufactur 
ing;  was  President  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society; 


was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1674  and  1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress. 

Jones,  Roland;  Avas  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress. 

Jones,  Samuel ;  spent  the  early  years  of  his  life 
as  a  sailor;  afterwards  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  New  York  City,  and  acquired  a  lucrative 
practice;  his  office  was  sought  by  law  students, 
among  whom  was  De  Witt  Clinton;  filled  many  im 
portant  public  positions;  in  1778  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion,  and  drew  up  most  of  the  amendments;  was 
Chief  Justice  of  New  York,  and  called  the  "Father 
of  the  New  York  Bar ' ' ;  removed  to  his  farm  at  Rye 
Neck,  where  he  spent  the  latter  years  of  his  life  in 
retirement,  and  wrote  his  various  productions.  Died 
in  1819. 

Jones,  Seaborn  ;  was  born  in  Augusta,  Georgia, 
in  1788;  entered  Princeton  College,  but  was  obliged 
to  leave  before  graduating,  on  account  of  his  father's 
failure  in  business;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  his  twenty-first  year  by  special  act  of  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  made  Solicitor-General  of  the  State  in 
1823;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  from  1845  to  1847.  Died  in  Columbus, 
Georgia,  in  1874.  He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer 
1'or  fifty  years. 

Jones,  Thomas  Laurens ;  was  born  in  Ruth 
erford  County,  North  Carolina,  January  22,  1819; 
graduated  in  the  preparatory  school  at  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  and  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey;  took 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  the  Law  School  of  Harvard 
University;  traveled  ten  years  in  Europe;  on  his  re 
turn  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Charleston  in  1846; 
removed  to  New  York  City  to  practice  in  1847;  sub 
sequently  settled  in  Newport,  Kentucky;  was  a  mem 
ber  ot  the  General  Assembly  of  that  State  in  1853- 
and  1854;  was  a  Delegate  to  many  State  and  National 
Conventions;  was  elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Railways  and  Canals. 

Jones,  "Walter ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1745; 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1760; 
studied  medicine  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  M.  D. ;  on  his  return  to  Vir 
ginia  settled  in  Northumberland  and  became  emi 
nent  as  a  scholar  and  physician;  in  1777  was  ap 
pointed  by  Congress  Physician-General  of  the  hospital 
in  the  middle  department;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1799,  and  again 
from  1803  to  1811;  was  at  one  time  a  "Free Think 
er,"  but  his  views  were  subsequently  entirely 
changed,  and  he  embraced  the  Christian  faith,  after 
which  he  wrote  a  lengthy  volume  denouncing  his 
former  belief,  and  stating  with  great  clearness  the 
grounds  upon  which  he  did  so;  this  was  done  for  the 
satisfaction  of  his  own  conscience  and  the  gratifica 
tion  of  his  children.  Died  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Virginia,  December  31,  1  (_"..">. 

Jones,  William;  was  born  in  Philadelphia; 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle; 
fought  at  Trenton  and  Princeton  as  a  volunteer,  and 
served  on  several  vessels;  was  a  Lieutenant  under 
Commodore  Truxton;  was  twice  wounded  and  twice 
made  prisoner;  in  1790  settled  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  whence  he  returned  to  Philadelphia  in, 
1793;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


273 


sylvania  from  1801  to  1803;  was,  for  a  short  time, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  President  Madison;  was 
President  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States,  Collec 
tor  of  Customs  at  Philadelphia,  and  for  twenty-six 
years  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  before  which  he  read  many  valuable  com 
munications,  which  were  published.  Died  at  Beth 
lehem,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831. 

Jones,  William ;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1754;  was  a  carpenter  in  his  youth;  en 
tered  the  army  in  1775  as  a  Captain  in  Colonel  Lip- 
pitt's  Rhode  Island  Regiment;  afterward  commanded 
a  marine  corps  in  one  of  the  national  frigates;  was 
made  prisoner  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina;  after  the 
war  •was  a  merchant  in  Providence  until  his  death; 
was,  for  several  years,  a  Representative  from  Provi 
dence  in  the  Assembly,  and  also  Speaker  of  that 
body;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island  from  1811  to 
1817.  Died  at  Providence,  April  9,  1822. 

Jones,  William  G.;  was  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  Alabama. 

Jones,  William  T.;  was  born  in  Corydon,  Indi 
ana,  February  20,  1842;  received  his  education  at  the 
Miami  University,  Ohio;  studied  law;  served  in  the 
army  as  Lieutenant,  Captain,  and  Major  of  the  Sev 
enteenth  Indiana  Volunteers;  was  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1868;  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Wyoming,  April  6,  1869;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  from  Wyoming  Territory  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress. 

Jones,  Willie  ;  was  a  brother  of  Allan  Jones; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
State  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  in  1776,  and 
drew  up  the  instrument  which  was  adopted;  was 
President  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  in  1775;  Dele 
gate  to  the  House  of  Commons  of  North  Carolina 
from  1776  to  1778;  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  in  1780  and  1781 ;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Federal  Constitutional  Convention,  but  declined;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
which  rejected  the  United  States  Constitution  in 
1788.  Died  near  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

Jordan,  Conrad  N. ;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  April  20,  1830;  received  his  education  in  pri 
vate  schools,  which  he  attended  until  he  reached  the 
age  of  thirteen  years;  then  entered  a  printing  office 
as  office  boy;  learned  the  art  of  printing  and  fol 
lowed  the  occupation  of  a  compositor  until  his 
twenty-second  year;  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year 
1852,  secured  a  position  in  the  Hanover  Bank,  of 
New  York  City,  as  clerk;  rose  rapidly  through  the 
intermediate  grades  to  the  post  of  Cashier;  served  in 
this  capacity  in  several  different  banks  in  the  City 
of  New  York;  in  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Cleveland,  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Wash 
ington. 

Jordan,  Isaac  M.;  was  born  in  Union  County, 
Pennsylvania,  May  5,  1835;  removed  to  Ohio  when 
a  youth:  received  a  classical  education,  graduating 
from  Miami  University,  Ohio,  in  1857;  studied  law 
in  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  removed  to 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  was  nominated  by  acclamation,  and  elect 
ed  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress ;  had  never  before  been  a  candidate  for 
office. 

Jordon,  Dillon ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Florida;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  United 
States  Judge  for  that  district. 

18 


Jordon,  Edward;  was  born  in  New  York;  in 
1861  was  appointed  from  Ohio  the  Solicitor  of  the 
United  States  Treasury,  which  position  he  held  until 
1869. 

Jorgenson,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  February  11,  1844;  graduated  from 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania;  was  an  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  United 
States  Army  from  1865  to  1868;  settled  in  Virginia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1871  ;  was  Postmaster  of  Petersburg,  Virginia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Joseph,  Antonio  ;  was  born  at  Taos,  New  Mex 
ico,  August  25,  1846;  received  his  early  education  at 
Lux's  Academy,  in  Taos,  and  attended  Bishop  Lam- 
my's  School,  in  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  for  two  years; 
afterwards  attended  Webster  College,  in  Saint  Louis 
County,  Missouri,  for  four  years,  completing  a  com 
mercial  course  at  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial 
College,  in  Saint  Louis,  Missouri;  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  at  Ojo  Caliente,  New  Mexico;  was 
County  Judge  of  Taos  County,  New  Mexico,  for  six 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Territorial  Legis 
lature  for  six  years;  was  a  Senator  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature  when  elected  a  Delegate  from  New  Mex 
ico  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Joslyn,  M.  L.;  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary 
of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  July,  1882. 

Joyce,  Charles  Herbert ;  was  born  near  An- 
dover,  Hampshire  County,  England,  January  30, 
1830;  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  with  his  par 
ents,  in  1836,  and  settled  in  Washington  County, 
Vermont;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1852,  and  began  to  practice  at  Northfield;  was  State 
Librarian  in  1855  and  1856;  County  Attorney  in 
1856  and  1857;  commissioned  Major  of  Second  Ver 
mont  Infantry  (three-years  men)  in  1861,  and  pro 
moted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1862;  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  at  Rutland  after  his  service  in  the 
army;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1869, 1870 
and  1871;  was  Speaker  during  the  latter  term;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Vermont  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Judd,  Norman  B.;  was  born  in  Rome,  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  January  10,  1815;  educated  at 
the  Grammar  School  of  that  town;  studied  law,  and 
removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1836;  became  an 
Alderman  in  the  City  Council ;  was  also  City  Attor 
ney,  Notary  Public,  and  County  Attorney;  was  a 
member  of  the  Illinois  Senate  from  1844  until  1860; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Minister  Pleni 
potentiary  to  Prussia  in  1861,  and  held  the  office  until 
1865;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative,  from  Illi 
nois,  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Banking  and  Currency,  and  Weights  and 
Measures ;  subsequently  appointed  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  at  Chicago. 

Judson,  Andrew  T.;  was  born  at  Eastford, 
Connecticut,  November  29,  1784;  his  education  was 
obtained  at  the  common  schools,  and  under  the  in 
structions  of  his  father  and  brother;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1806,  when  he  removed  to 
Montpelier,  Vermont,  and  practiced  in  that  State; 
afterwards  returned  to  his  native  town,  and  in  1809 
went  to  Canterbury,  which  he  made  his  permanent 
residence;  in  1819  received  the  appointment  of  State's 
Attorney  for  Windham  County,  which  office  he  held 
for  fourteen  years;  was  at  different  times  a  member 


274 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


of  both  branches  of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1839,  when  he  wa* 
elected  Judge  of  the  District  Court,  and  continued  in 
that  position  until  his  death;  in  October,  1850,  was 
designated,  by  the  Circuit  Judge  cf  the  Second  Cir 
cuit,  to  hold  the  Courts  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York  during  the  illness  ol 
the  distinguished  Judge  of  that  district,  and  oiliciated 
at  the  trial  of  Mr.  O'Sullivan,  and  others,  for  the  at 
tempted  Cuban  invasion.  Among  the  causes  which 
we're  brought  before  him  for  adjudication  was  the 
libel  suit  of  the  Amistad  and  the  fifty -four  Africans 
on  board.  Died  at  his  home,  March  17,  1853. 

Julian,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  Ccntreville, 
"Wayne  County,  Indiana,  May  5,  1817;  received  a 
good  common  school  education ;  spent  three  years  as 
school-teacher;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1840;  in  1845  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Indiana;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Buffalo  Conven 
tion  "  of  1848;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Indiana  from  1849  to  1851;  in  1852  was  nominated 
by  the  "  Pittsburg  Convention  "  for  the  office  of  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  ticket  with  J. 
P.  Hale  for  President;  in  1856  was  Vice-President  of 
the  "  Republican  Convention  "  held  at  Pittsburg;  in 
1860  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Lands,  on  Public  Expenditures,  and  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  "War;  in  1862 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
again  at  the  head  of  the  Public  Lands  Committee, 
and  on  that  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy  Department; 
was  also  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  ap 
pointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of  President  Lin 
coln  to  Illinois;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  additional  Committees  on  the  Assas 
sination  of  President  Lincoln,  and  Education  and 
Labor. 

Junkin,  Benjamin  T.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  12,  1822;  educated 
at  Fayette  College;  studied  law  at  Carlisle,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844;  was  elected  District  At 
torney  for  Perry  County  in  1850,  and  held  the  office 
three  years;  was  elected  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Kalbfleisch,  Martin;  -was  born  in  Flushing, 
Netherlands,  February  6,  1804;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  a, 
chemist;  came  to  the  United  States  early  in  life,  and 
his  first  public  position  was  that  of  Health  Warden 
in  New  York  City  in  1832;  in  1836  was  Trustee  of 
one  of  the  common  schools  in  New  York;  in  1852  and 
the  two  succeeding  years  was  Supervisor  of  the  town 
of  Bushwick,  Kings  County;  in  1854  was  appointed 
President  of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  consolidat 
ing  the  cities  of  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  and  Bush- 
wick;  in  1855  was  elected  an  Alderman  of  Brooklyn, 
and,  having  been  re-elected,  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  from  1857  to  1861;  during  the 
latter  year  was  elected  Mayor  of  Brooklyn;  in  1862 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  Expenditures  in  the 
Treasury  Department;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of  18(J6;  in 
1867  was  again  elected  Mayor  of  Brooklyn.  Died  in 
Brooklyn,  February  12,  1873. 

i 

Kane,  Elias  K.;  was  born  in  New  York  State 
about  the  year  1795;  was  bred  to  the  legal  profession; 


at  an  early  period  of  his  life  he  went  to  Tennessee, 
and  finally  settled  in  Kaskaskia,  in  Illinois  Terri 
tory,  in  1815;  in  1818  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  for  framing  a  State  Constitution,  and,  when 
that  Government  was  organized,  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  State;  was  subsequently  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature;  from  18:25  to  1835  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Illinois,  officiating  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims.  Died  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  December  12, 
1835. 

Kane,  John  K.;  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York, 
in  1795;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1814;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia;  in  183:2  was  one  ol' 
a  Board  of  Commissioners  to  settle  certain  claims 
with  France;  in  1845  was  chosen  Attorney-General  of 
Pennsylvania;  in  1846  resigned  to  accept 'the  position 
of  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  State  of  Penn 
sylvania;  was  a  man  of  high  culture,  and  President 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society.  Died  in 
Philadelphia,  February  21,  1858. 

Kasson,  John  A.;  was  born  near  Burlington, 
Vermont,  January  11,  1822;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont  in  1842;  studied  law  in  Massa 
chusetts;  practiced  the  profession  in  St.  Louis,  Mis 
souri,  until  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Iowa;  in  1858 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  report  upon  the 
condition  of  the  Executive  Departments  of  lo wa 
in  1859  assisted  in  organizing  the  State  Bank  of 
Iowa,  and  became  Director  for  the  State;  in  1861 
was  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  which 
office  he  resigned,  in  1862,  when  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;°dur- 
ing  the  summer  of  1863  was  appointed,  by  President. 
Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to  the  International  Postal 
Congress  at  Paris,  returning  in  August;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Appropriations  and  the  Death  of 
President  Lincoln,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Coinage,  Weights  and  Measures;  retiring 
from  Congress  in  1867,  was  appointed  a  Special  Com 
missioner  to  Europe  for  the  Post  Office  Department 
and  on  his  return  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Iowa  for  several  years;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
and  Forty-fourth  Congresses;  was  United  States 
Minister  to  Austria-Hungary  from  1877  to  1881;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-seventh' Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Kaufman,  David  S.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Pennsylvania,  in  1813;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  in  1833;  not  long  after  removed  to  Natchez 
Mississippi,  and  read  law  in  the  office  of  General 
Quitman;  in  1835  settled  in  Natchitoches,  Louisiana- 
in  1837  emigrated  to  Nacogdoches,  in  Texas;  in  1838 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Texan  Congress- 
was  twice  re-elected,  and  twice  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1843  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  and  from 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  in  1844  pre 
sented  a  report  in  favor  of  annexation,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  its  consummation;  in  1845  was  ap 
pointed  Charge  to  this  government,  but  that  office 
was  superseded  by  the  final  act  of  annexation,  and  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  from  Texas,  serving  from  1846  to 
f&l.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
January  13,  1851. 

Kavanag-h,  Edward ;  was  born  April  27  1795- 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of 

he  Maine  Legislature  in  1826,  1828,  1842  and  1843- 
Secretary  of  the  State  Senate  in  1830;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1831  to  1835,  when  he  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


275 


appointed  Charge  d1  Affaires  to  Portugal,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1841;  in  1842  was  a  Commissioner  for 
settling  the  Northeast  Boundary;  was  Acting  Gov 
ernor  of  Maine  from  1843  to  1844,  and  for  a  short  time 
President  of  the  State  Senate.  Died  at  Newcastle, 
Maine,  January  20, 1844. 

Kean,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Carolina 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1787. 

Kean,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Ursino,  Union 
County,  New  Jersey,  December  4,  1852;  graduated  at 
the  Law  School  of  Columbia  College;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  New  Jersey  in  1877;  engaged  in  banking, 
mining,  and  manufacturing  pursuits;  settled  in 
Elizabeth,  New  Jersey;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Kearney,  Dyre ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Delaware 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1788. 

Keese,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Peru,  Clinton 
County,  New  York,  November  23,  1794;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1827  to 
1829;  subsequently  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 

Kehr,  Edward  C.;  was  born  in  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  November  5,  1837;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  St.  Louis  in  1858;  in  1873  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress, 
never  before  having  held  any  public  office. 

Keifer,  J.  "Warren ;  was  born  in  Clark  County, 
Ohio,  January  30,  1836;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  and  at  Antioch  College;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  in  1858; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  and  Brevet  Major- 
General;  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1866  was 
tendered  the  commission  of  Lieutenant -Colonel, 
United  States  Army,  but  declined;  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1868  and  1869;  Trustee  of  the  Ohio 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home  from  1870  to 
1878;  Trustee  of  Antioch  College  for  a  number  of 
years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses,  serving  as  Speaker  in  the  latter 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Keightley,  Edwin  William  ;  was  born  in  La 
Grange  County,  Indiana,  August  7,  1843;  received  a 
common  school  education,  and  attended  the  Val 
paraiso  Collegiate  Institute  one  year;  graduated 
from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Michi 
gan  in  1865,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
Saint  Joseph's  County,  Michigan;  in  1872  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  two  years;  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Fifteenth  Judicial  Circuit;  was  elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1875,  for  the  term  of  six 
years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  Forty -fifth  Congress;  in  May,  1879,  was  ap 
pointed  Third  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treas 
ury. 

Kelly,  A.  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  resided  in 
Richmond;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Richmond; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil 
War;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Cleveland,  United  States  Minister  to  Italy ;  did  not 
enter  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties  for  clerical 
reasons;  in  April,  of  the  same  year,  was  appointed 
Minister  to  Austria,  but  the  same  objections  were 
raised  as  in  the  case  of  Italy,  and  he  was  recalled. 


Keim,  George  May;  was  born  in  Reading, 
Pennsylvania,  March  23,  1805;  was  educated  at 
Princeton  College;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1826;  soon  alter  became  Cashier  of  the  Farmers' 
Bank  at  Reading;  in  1829  became  interested  in  the 
navigation  and  railroad  interests  of  his  District;  be 
came  a  prominent  official  among  the  Masons;  took  an 
interest  in  military  affairs,  and  became  a  Major-Gen- 
eral  of  Militia;  was  an  earnest  student  of  geology 
and  Indian  history,  and  collections  that  he  made 
were  donated  to  public  institutions,  including  the 
Smithsonian  Institution;  in  1835  became  the  head  of 
a  firm  which  established  an  extensive  rolling-mill; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1837;  in  that  year  was  elected  to  Congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy, 'and  was  twice  re-elected;  in  1842  he 
presided  at  a  Congressional  dinner  given  to  Charles 
Dickens  in  Washington;  was  himself  a  writer  of 
verses;  by  President  Taylor  was  appointed  Marshal 
of  Eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  re-appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Polk;  in  1847  was  made  President  of  the  "  Lib 
erty  Union";  was  one  of  the  Managers  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Art  Union;  in  1852  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Reading;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  took  an 
interest  in  raising  troops  for  the  Rebellion.  Died 
suddenly,  June  10,  1861,  while  drilling  a  company 
for  the  war. 

Keim,  William  High;  was  born  near  Read 
ing,  Pennsylvania,  June  13,  1813,  was  educated  at 
the  Mount  Airy  Military  School ;  rose  by  regular  de 
grees  to  the  rank  of  Major-General  of  Militia;  in  1848 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Reading;  in  1859  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress;  was  also  Surveyor- 
General  of  the  State;  was  placed  in  command  of  a 
Division  of  the  Volunteer  Army  in  1861;  after  a  cam 
paign  on  the  Upper  Potomac  was  appointed  a  Brig 
adier-General  in  the  Regular  Army;  served  with 
honor  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Died  at  Harris- 
burg,  May  18,  1862,  of  typhoid  fever,  contracted 
while  in  command  of  his  brigade  on  the  Peninsula. 

Keitt,  Lawrence  M.;  was  born  in  Orangeburg 
District,  South  Carolina,  October  4,  1824;  graduated' 
at  the  College  of  South  Carolina  in  1843;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1845;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1848;  in  1853  was  elected  to 
a  seat  in  the  National  House  of  Representatives;  was 
consecutively  re-elected  until  December,  1860,  when 
he  resigned,  serving  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds;  just  before  leaving  Congress  was  elected  to 
the  Seceding  Convention  of  South  Carolina,  and  sub 
sequently  took  an  active  part  in  the  great  Rebellion 
as  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress;  was  killed 
in  battle,  in  Virginia,  June,  1864. 

Kelley,  William  D.;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  April  12,  1814;  received  a  good  En 
glish  education;  commenced  life  as  a  reader  in  a 
printing-office;  spent  seven  years  as  an  apprentice  in 
a  jewelry  establishment;  removed  to  Boston  and  fol 
lowed  his  trade  there  for  four  years,  devoting  some 
attention  to  literary  matters;  returned  to  Philadel 
phia,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1841 ;  held  the  office  of  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  in  Philadelphia  for  some  years;  in  addi 
tion  to  his  many  political  speeches,  a  number  of  lit 
erary  addresses  have  been  published  from  his  pen; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Expenditures 
on  Public  Buildings;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agri 
culture,  and  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 


276 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  Library,  Naval  Affairs,  and  on  Freedmen;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  186(i;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  old  Committees  and  as  Chairman  of 
that  on  Weights  and  Measures;  was  re-elected  to  the 
four  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Centennial  Celebration;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-sev 
enth,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Kellogg1,  Charles ;  was  a  native  of  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  served  six  years  in  the  New 
York  Assembly  from  Cayuga  County;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1825  to 
1827. 

Kellogg1,  Francis  "W.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton,  Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts,  May  30, 1810; 
received  a  limited  education,  and,  having  removed 
to  Michigan,  entered  into  the  business  of  lumbering; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Michigan;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sev 
enth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public 
Lands  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  De 
partment;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs;  in  1865  was  appointed,  by  President 
Johnson,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  Alabama, 
and  was  elected  from  that  State  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress. 

Kellogg,  Orlando ;  was  born  in  Elizabeth  town, 
New  York,  June  18,  1809;  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1838;  in  1840  was  appointed 
Surrogate  of  Essex  County,  which  office  he  held  for 
four  years;  in  1846  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirtieth  Congress;  also  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Manufactures,  and  on  the  Militia;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  died  at 
Elizabethtown,  August  24,  1865,  before  taking  his 
seat. 

Kellogg,  Stephen  W.;  was  born  in  Shelburne, 
Massachusetts,  April  5,  1822;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1846;  studied  law,  and  practiced  at  Nauga- 
tuck  and  Waterbury;  was  Judge  of  the  New  Haven 
County  Court  in  1854;  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1851;  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1853,  and  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1856;  elected  Judge 
of  Probate  in  1854,  and  held  the  office  six  years;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Conventions 
of  1860  and  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first, 
Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  War  Claims, 
and  Chairman  of  that  on  Reform  in  the  Civil  Ser- 


Kellogg,  William;  was  born  in  Ashtabula 
County,  Ohio,  July  8,  1814;  removed  to  Illinois  in 
1837;  his  education  was  obtained  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  country;  studied  law,  and  acquired  an 
extensive  practice  in  disputed  land  titles  in  Illinois; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850; 
was  three  years  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Illinois; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary 
Committee,  and  on  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty- 
three  on  the  Rebellious  States;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary 
Committee,  and  that  on  Government  Expenditures; 
in  1864  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Min 


ister  to  Guatemala,  and  in  1866,  by  President  John 
son,  Chief  Justice  of  Nebraska  Territory. 

Kellogg,  "William  Pitt ;  was  born  at  Orwell, 
Vermont,  December  8,  1831;  removed  to  Illinois  in 
1848;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856  and  1860,  and  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  Conventions  of  those  years; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Chief  Justice 
of  Nebraska,  which  position  he  resigned  to  take 
command  of  a  cavalry  regiment  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Rebellion  of  1861;  for  his  services  in  Southern 
Missouri  and  in  the  Corinth  campaign,  was  made  a 
Brigadier-General;  left  the  army  on  account  of  im 
paired  health;  was  appointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of 
New  Orleans;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con- 
gressfrom  Louisiana  for  the  term  ending  in  1871,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  Private 
Land  Claims;  was  subsequently  elected  Governor  of 
Louisiana,  his  right  to  be  recognized  as  such  having 
been  contested  with  much  bitterness  between  the 
political  parties  of  the  State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Conventions  of  1863,  1876,  and 
1880;  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1877;  in  1882 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty -eighth  Con 
gress. 

Kelly,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1805  to  1809. 

Kelly,  James  K.;  was  born  in  Centre  County, 
Pennsylvania,  February  16,  1819;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1839;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1842;  went  to  California  in  1849,  and  to 
Oregon  in  1851;  in  1852  was  elected  one  of  three 
commissioners  to  prepare  a  code  of  laws  for  that 
Territory,  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council 
from  1853  to  1857;  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  Oregon  in  1857; 
was  a  Senator  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1860  to 
1864;  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney 
for  Oregon  in  1860,  but  declined;  in  1855  was  chosen 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Oregon 
Mounted  Volunteers,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Yaki- 
ma  Indian  war  in  1855  and  1856;  was  elected  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1871 
and  ending  in  1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post  Offices,  Mines  and  Mining,  and  Military  Affairs. 

Kelly,  John;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
April  21,  1821;  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  in 
that  city ;  was  by  trade  a  mason ;  was  Alderman  of 
the  city  for  two  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  in 
October,  1858,  was  elected  High  Sheriff  for  the  City 
and  County  of  New  York;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Chicago  Convention"  of  1864.  Died  in  New  York 
City,  June  1,  1886. 

Kelly,  Milton;  was  born  in  New  York;  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Idaho.  This  Judge  has 
been  incorrectly  placed  upon  the  records  as  Kellogg. 

Kelly,  "William  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  during  the  years  1821  and  1822, 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress  .from  1822  to  1825. 

Kelsey,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Smyrna,  New 
York,  October  2,  1812;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  in  1840  was  appointed  Surrogate  of  Livingston 
County;  in  1850  District  Attorney  of  the  same  Coun 
ty;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


277 


on  the  Committee  on  Agriculture;  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Appropriations  and  Accounts. 

Kelso,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Ohio,  March  21,  1831;  educated  at  Pleasant  Ridge 
College,  Missouri;  was  for  a  time  the  Principal  of  an 
academy;  served  through  the  war  for  the  Union  as  a 
Lieutenant  and  Captain;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office 
and  Post  Roads;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Kemble,  G-ouverneur  ;  was  born  in  New  York ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Kemper,  James  L.;  was  born  in  Madison  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  in  1824;  was  educated  at  Washington 
College  and  at  the  Virginia  Military  Institute;  be 
came  a  lawyer  in  1846;  served  through  the  war  with 
Mexico  as  a  Captain ;  served  ten  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  his  native  State;  served  as  a  Colonel,  and  be 
came  a  Major-General  in  the  Confederate  Army  dur 
ing  the  Rebellion,  having  been  wounded  and  left  for 
dead  on  the  field  of  battle  at  Gettysburg;  in  1874  was 
elected  Governor  of  Virginia. 

Kempshall,  Thomas;  was  born  in  England; 
having  emigrated  to  New  York,  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1841;  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Rochester,  and  died  in  that 
city,  January  14,  1865. 

Kenan,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Duplin  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1771;  in  1799  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Delegates;  served  in  the  State  Senate 
in  1804;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1805  to  1811 ;  subsequently  re 
moved  to  Alabama,  where  he  served  for  many  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  but  declined  a  re 
election  to  Congress.  Died  near  Selma,  October  22, 
1843. 

Kendall,  Amos ;  was  born  in  Dunstable,  Massa 
chusetts,  August  16,  1789;  commenced  his  education 
while  a  farmer's  boy  at  the  academies  of  New  Ipswich 
and  Groton;  taught  school  at  North  Reading;  with 
the  money  thus  obtained,  entered  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  and  graduated  with  honor;  in  1811  commenced 
the  study  of  law;  in  1814  visited  Washington  City, 
and  thence  went  to  Lexington,  Kentucky,  where  he 
was  a  tutor  for  one  year  in  the  family  of  Henry  Clay; 
in  1816  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Georgetown, 
Kentucky ;  while  practicing  his  profession  edited  a 
newspaper  called  the  Argus,  and  for  many  years  was 
a  constant  writer  for  the  political  press;  became  a 
Director  in  the  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth;  in  1829 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Fourth  Aud 
itor  of  the  Treasury;  in  May,  1835,  was  promoted  to 
the  position  of  Postmaster-General,  in  which  position 
he  continued  under  President  Van  Buren  until  May, 
1840;  subsequently  took  up  his  residence  in  Washing 
ton  City ;  soon  after  the  claims  of  Professor  Morse  in 
regard  to  the  telegraph  had  been  recognized  by  Con 
gress,  he  became  identified  with  the  practical  work 
ings  of  that  invention;  was  also  the  founder  of  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution  in  Washington,  and  at 
the  cost  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  built,  as 
a  memorial  to  his  wife,  the  Calvary  Baptist  Church 
of  Washington;  in  1866  went  to  Europe  on  a  tour  of 
pleasure,  extending  his  travels  to  the  Holy  Land;  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  engaged  in  writing  a  His 
tory  of  his  Life  and  Times;  was  also  the  author  of  a 
Life  of  Andrew  Jackson.  Died  in  Washington,  June 
12,  1869. 


Kendall,  Charles  West ;  was  born  in  Sears- 
mont,  Maine,  April  22,  1828;  was  educated  at  Phil 
lips'  Academy,  Massachusetts,  and  attended  a  par 
tial  course  at  Yale  College;  studied  law  in  Sacra 
mento,  California,  and  practiced  in  Nevada;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  California  in  1861  and 
1862;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses  from  Nevada,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Mines  and  Mining  and  Treasury  Depart 
ment. 

Kendall,  Jonas  ;  was  born  at  Worcester,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1757;  obtained  a  finished  education  by 
his  own  unaided  exertions;  served  thirteen  years  in 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1821. 
Died  in  Leominster,  Massachusetts,  October  22,  1844. 

Kendall,  Joseph  G.;  was  born  in  1788;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1810;  was  a  tutor 
there  from  1812  to  1819;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1829  to  1833;  was 
then  appointed  Clerk  of  the  State  Courts.  Died  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  October  2,  1847. 

Kenna,  John  E.;  was  born  at  Valcoulon,  Vir 
ginia  (now  West  Virginia),  April  10,  1848;  served  in 
the  Confederate  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebel 
lion;  afterwards  attended  St.  Vincent's  College,  at 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1870;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  from 
1872  to  1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  West 
Virginia  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-sev 
enth,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  resigned  in  1883 
to  take  his  seat  as  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  West  Virginia  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1883. 

Kennedy,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1810; 
was  bred  a  blacksmith,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
could  neither  read  nor  write;  subsequently  studied 
law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Indiana; 
represented  that  State  in  Congress  1841  to  1847. 
Died  at  Muncietown,  Indiana,  December  31,  1847. 

Kennedy,  Anthony;  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland  in  1811 ;  when  ten  years  of  age  removed  to 
Virginia;  was  educated  at  Jefferson  Academy,  Charles- 
town,  Virginia;  studied  law,  but  abandoned  it,  and 
subsequently  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton, 
and  in  planting;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Virginia  from  1839  to  1843;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Congress  from  Virginia;  removed  to 
Baltimore  in  1850;  was  elected  to  the  Maryland  Leg 
islature  in  1856,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  six  years  from  March  4,  1857,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims  and  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Kennedy,  James  K.;  was  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wash 
ington. 

Kennedy,  John  P.;.  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
October,  1795;  studied  law,  and  practiced  in  that  city 
until  1838;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  Maryland  in  1820,  1822,  and  1846;  was  Speaker  in 
the  latter  year;  was  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Chili  in 
1823;  in  1838  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Represent 
atives  in  the  Federal  Legislature,  and  served  in  that 
body  through  the  Twenty -fifth,  Twenty-seventh,  and 
Twenty -eighth  Congresses;  his  last  national  position 
was  that  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  under  President 
Fillmore;  in  1849  was  chosen  by  the  Regents  of  the 
University  of  Maryland  to  preside  over  that  institu- 


278 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


tion  as  Provost;  among  his  various  political  tracts, 
speeches,  reports,  and  addresses,  which  have  been 
published,  are  "A  Review  of  Mr.  Cambreling's  Free 
Trade  Report,  by  Mephistopheles,"  in  1830;  "The 
Memorial  of  the  Permanent  Committee  of  the  New 
York  Convention  of  Friends  of  Domestic  Industry," 
in  1833;  an  elaborate  report  on  "The  Commerce  and 
Navigation  of  the  United  States,  by  the  Committee  of 
Commerce"  (of  which  Mr.  Kennedy  was  Chairman), 
in  1842;  and  a  report  from  the  same  Committee  on 
"T.he  Warehouse  .System,"  in  1843;  besides  these,  he 
published  several  pamphlets  and  tracts,  in  defense  of 
the  protective  system;  in  the  field  of  general  literature 
he  is  known  to  the  public  as  the  author  of  "Swallow 
Barn;  a  Sojourn  in  the  Old  Dominion,"  "  Horseshoe 
Robinson,"  "Rob  of  the  Bowl,"  "Quod  Libet," 
"Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  William  Wirt,  late  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,"  sundry  historical, 
biographical  and  literary  discourses,  essays  and  re 
views,  which  have  not  yet  been  collected  into 
volumes;  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  Maryland,  and  for  a  long  time  its  Vice- 
President.  Died  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  in 
August,  1870. 

Kennedy,  Joseph  C.  &.',  was  born  atMeadville, 
Pennsylvania,  April  1,  1813;  was  educated  at  Alle 
gheny  College,  Pennsylvania;  read  law;  at  an  early 
age  became  the  owner  of  two  newspapers;  in  1849  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Census 
Board;  drafted  the  bill  for  the  establishment  of  the 
Census  Bureau,  which  was  passed  by  Congress,  and 
was  appointed  the  first  Superintendent  of  the 
Bureau,  conducting  the  collection  of  statistics  of  the 
Seventh  Census;  in  1851  was  commissioned  to  visit 
Europe  in  the  interest  of  statistics  and  cheap  postage; 
was  a  member  of  the  International  Statistical  Con 
gress  held  at  Brussels  and  Paris;  in  1850  was  Secre 
tary  of  the  United  States  Commission  to  the  W'orld's 
Fair  at  London,  England;  was  again  at  the  head  of 
the  Census  Bureau  in  I860;  was  a  Commissioner  to 
the  International  Exhibition  of  18G1 ;  was  Corre 
sponding  Secretary  of  the  National  Institute,  and  of 
the  United  States  Agricultural  Society,  and  Editor 
of  the  journal  of  the  latter;  was  a  member  of  the 
Statistical  Board  of  Belgium;  of  the  Geographical 
Society  of  Prussia;  of  the  Statistical  Societies  of 
France,  England,  and  Ireland,  and  of  other  European 
and  American  associations;  in  1860  was  presented, 
by  the  King  of  Denmark,  with  a  gold  medal  for  his 
services  in  statistics;  in  1867  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D. 

Kennedy,  "William;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1803  to  1805 
from  1809  to  1811,  and  from  1813  to  1815. 

Kennett,  Luther  M.;  was  born  in  Fal mouth, 
Pendleton  County,  Kentucky,  Marcli  15,  1807;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  and  classical  education;  was, 
for  a  number  of  years,  Deputy  Clerk  of  Pendleton 
and  Campbell  Counties;  studied  law;  in  1825  re 
moved  to  Missouri,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits;  having  settled  in  St.  Louis  in  1842,  was 
elected  to  the  Councils  of  that  city;  in  1849  was 
Chairman  of  the  "  Pacific  Railroad  Convention,"  held 
in  St.  Louis,  and  subsequently  Vice- President  of  the 
company  formed  for  commencing  the  work;  in  1850 
was  elected  Mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  re-elected  in 
1851  and  1852;  in  1853  was  elected  President  of  the 
St.  Louis  and  Iron  Mountain  Railroad;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Missouri  (St.  Louis  Dis 
trict)  from  1855  to  1857. 

Kennon,  William ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
emigrated  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 


Congress  from  that  State  from  1829  to  1833,  from  1833 
to  1837,  and  from  1847  to  1849. 

Kent,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Concord,  New 
Hampshire,  January  8,  1802;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1821;  studied  law  and  attended  a 
course  of  lectures  by  Chancellor  Kent  in  New  York; 
settled  in  practice  atBangor,  Maine,  in  1825,  and  be 
came  eminent  in  his  profession;  in  1827  was  appoint 
ed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Sessions  for  Penob- 
scot  County;  from  1829  to  1833  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature;  was  afterwards  Mayor  of  Bangor  for 
two  years;  was  Governor  of  Maine  from  1838  to 
1840;  in  1843  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  one 
of  the  Commissioners  for  settling  the  Maine  boun 
dary  line  under  the  Ashburton  Treaty;  in  1848  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  nominated  Gen 
eral  Taylor,  and  was  appointed  by  him,  upon  his 
elevation  to  the  Presidency,  Consul  to  Rio  Janeiro;  in 
the  spring  of  1854  returned  to  Bangor  and  resumed 
his  profession;  in  1859  was  appointed  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine;  in  1855  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Wat.  College. 

Kent,  Joseph;  was  born  in  1779  in  Calvert 
County,  Maryland;  was  educated  for  a  physician,  and 
combined  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  the  pur 
suits  of  agriculture;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  his  native  State  from  1811  to  1815,  and 
from  1821  to  1826;  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1H2(> 
to  1829;  United  States  Senator  from  1833  to  1837. 
Died  near  his  residence  in  the  vicinity  of  Bladens- 
burg,  Maryland,  November  24,  1839. 

Kent,  Moss ;  was  the  father  of  James  Kent : 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1807 
and  1810,  from  Jefferson  County;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1813  to  1817. 

Kent,  William  ;  was  born  in  1802  and  was  the 
son  of  James  Kent;  was  for  many  years,  a  success 
ful  lawyer  in  New  York  City,  and  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court;  for  a  short  time  was  a  Professor  in 
Harvard  University.  Died  at  Fishkill,  New  York, 
January  4,  1861. 

Kenyon,  William  S.;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims. 

Ker,  David  ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi,  and  in  1802  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Kernan,  Francis ;  was  born  in  Steuben  County, 
New  York,  January  14,  1816;  received  his  educa 
tion  at  the  Georgetown  College,  District  of  Colum 
bia;  adopted  and  practiced  the  profession  of  law; 
held,  for  a  time,  the  office  of  Reporter  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals;  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary;  was  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  Utica; 
a  Delegate  to  the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  1867.  and  the  National  Convention  held  in  New 
York  in  1868;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1875,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Finance  and  Patents. 

Kerr,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1817. 

Kerr,  John;  was  born  in  North  Carolina;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  his  native  State  from  1853  to  1855;  was  subse 
quently  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons  of  that 
State. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


279 


Kerr,  John  Bozman ;  was  born  at  Eastern,  Tal 
bot  County,  Maryland,  March  5,  1809;  graduated  a 
Harvard  University  in  1830;  studied  law  at  Easton 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833;  was  a  membe 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Maryland  from  1836  t 
1838;  from  1847  to  1849  acted  as  Deputy  for  the  At 
torney-General  of  Maryland  for  Talbot  County;  from 
1849  to  1851  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  anc 
at  the  end  of  the  session  was  appointed,  by  Presides 
Fillmore,  Charge  d'  Affaires  to  the  Republic  of  Nica 
ragua;  during  the  Revolution  of  1851  had  the  gooc 
fortune,  as  the  National  Representative  in  Centra 
America,  to  bring  about  an  armistice,  and  was  instru 
mental  in  saving  the  lives  of  leading  officers  of  the 
revolutionary  party,  for  which  he  received  a  forma' 
expression  of  thanks  from  the  Executive  on  leavinj 
the  country;  in  1853  the  Congress  of  the  United  State; 
voted  him  an  extra  sum  for  services  in  Centra' 
America;  in  1854  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  the  city  of  Baltimore;  subsequently  held  an 
office  under  the  Attorney-General  in  Washington, 
after  which  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Solicitor  of  the 
Court  of  Claims.  He  was  the  son  of  J.  L.  Kerr. 

Kerr,  John  L.;  was  born  at  Greenbury  Point, 
near  Annapolis,  Maryland,  January  15,  1780;  gradu 
ated  at  St.  John's  College  in  1799,  studied  law  with 
John  Leeds  Bozman,  and  practiced  the  profession 
with  success;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831  to 
1833;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843; 
was  a  member  of  the  "  National  Convention"  held  at 
Harrisburg  in  1839;  was  at  the  head  of  the  electoral 
ticket  for  President  during  the  same  year;  before  en 
tering  Congress  was  the  Agent  of  Maryland  in  the 
prosecution  of  militia  claims  against  the  United 
States.  Died  at  his  homestead,  in  Maryland,  Feb 
ruary  21,  1844. 

Kerr,  Joseph ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1814  to  1815,  having  succeeded  Thomas 
\Vorthingtou. 

Kerr,  Michael  C.;  was  born  near  Titusville, 
Crawford  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  15,  1827; 
was  chiefly  self-educated,  but  studied  at  several 
academies;  for  a  time  taught  school;  studied  law  in 
the  University  of  Louisville,  and  received  .the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Laws;  after  a  brief  residence  in  Ken 
tucky  settled  at  New  Albany,  Indiana;  in  1856  was 
elected  for  two  years  to  the  State  Assembly;  in  1862 
was  elected  Reporter  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  and  published  five  volumes;  in  1864  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  and  on  Accounts:  Avas  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Elections,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving 
on  various  important  Committees,  chiefly  the  Judi 
ciary;  having  been  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  was  the  choice-  of  his  party  for  Speaker, 
and  was  duly  elected.  Died  August  20,  1876. 

Kerrigan,  James  E.;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
leaving  his  seat  for  a  time  to  serve  as  Colonel  of  Vol 
unteers  in  the  troubles  of  1861. 

Kershaw,  John ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1813  to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Madison,  one  of  the  three  Commissioners 
to  run  the  Creek  boundary  lines. 


Ketcham,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Dover,  Dutch- 
ess  County,  New  York,  December  21,  1831;  received 
an  academic  education;  adopted  the  occupation  of  a 
farmer;  was  for  two  years  Supervisor  of  his  native 
town ;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1856  and 
1857;  of.  the  State  Senate  in  1860  and  1861;  in  1862 
entered  the  military  service,  and  as  Colonel  of  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  New  York  Volunteers 
served  until  January,  1865,  when  he  was  made  a 
Brigadier-General  by  brevet,  which  position  he  re 
signed  in  March,  1865,  having  previously  been  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress;  served  on  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs;  was  also  one  of  the  Representatives  desig 
nated  by  the  House  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General 
Scott  in  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Post  Office  Department,  and  Military  Affairs;  also 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  various  Committees;  in  1874  was 
appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  the  District 
of  Columbia,  serving  until  1877;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Con- 
resses. 

Ketchum,  Winthrop  W.;  was  born  at  Wilkes- 
jarre,  Pennsylvania,  June  29, 1820;  was  school  teacher 
'or  eight  years;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  was 
?rothonotary  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Lu- 
:erne  County  from  1855  to  1858;  was  a  member  of 
he  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  in  1859; 
State  Senator  in  1860,  1861,  and  1862;  was  appointed 
Solicitor  of  the  United  States  Court  of  Claims,  by 
Mr.  Lincoln,  in  1865;  held  the  office  two  years  and 
•esigned;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Penn- 
iylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Key,  David  M.;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
Tennessee,  January  27,  1824;  studied  law,  and  was 
dmitted  to  practice  in  1850;  was  a  member  of  the 
state  Constitutional  Convention  of  1870;  was  Chaii- 
ellor  of  the  Third  Chancery  Division  of  the  State 
rom  1870  to  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  United 
itates  Senator  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Andrew 
ohnson,  deceased,  serving  until  1877;  was  Postnias- 
er-General  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Hayes  from 
877  to  1880,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  appointed 
Jnited  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern  and 
liddle  Districts  of  Tennessee. 

Key,  Philip;  was  born  in  St.  Mary's  County, 
Maryland,  in  1750;  received  a  classical  and  coinmer- 
ial  education ;  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits; 

rved  a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature  of  Mary- 
and,  and  was  for  one  or  two  terms  Speaker;  also 

ndered  some  service  in  the  Municipal  Courts  of  his 
ative county;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
laryland  from  1791  to  1793.  Died,  in  his  native 
lace,  in  January,  1820. 

Key,  Philip  Barton ;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
laryland,  in  1765;  was  liberally  educated;  entered 
English  Army  as  a  Capta  u,  and  Avhen  the  Revo- 
utionary  War  broke  out  refused  to  bear  arms  against 
e  Colonies;  had  a  small  command,  and  did  some 
rvice  at  Pensacola,  Florida,  where  he  was  a  hard 
;udent;  after  the  peace,  returned  to  Maryland,  where 
e  took  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer;  represented 
Vnnapolis  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a Represent- 
tive  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1807  to  1813. 
)ied  at  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  July  28, 
815. 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Keyes,  Elias ;  was  born  in  Ashford,  Connecti 
cut;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Vermont, 
from  Stockbridge  County,  for  a  period  of  eighteen 
years;  from  1803  to  1818  was  a  State  Councilor;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  1821 
to  1823. 

Kidder,  David  ;  was  born  in  Dresden,  Lincoln 
County,  Maine,  December  8,  1787;  received  a  classi 
cal  education  from  private  tutors;  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  Somerset  County,  where  he  was  County 
Attorney  from  1811  to  1823;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  1823  to  1827;  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1829.  Died  November  1, 
1860. 

Kidder,  Jefferson  P.;  was  born  at  Braintree, 
Vermont,  in  1814 ;  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools;  graduated  at  the  Norwich  University ;  studied 
and  practiced  law;  was  State  Attorney  from  1842  to 
1847;  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  in  1843;  of  the  State  Senate  in  1847  and  1848; 
Lieuteuant-Governor  in  1853  and  1854;  removed  to 
Minnesota  in  1857;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1860,  1862,  and  1863;  was  a  Provisional  Delegate 
from  Dakota  Territory,  while  traveling  there;  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Dakota  in  1865,  and  removed  there;  was  re-ap 
pointed  in  1869,  and  again  in  1873;  after  holding  the 
position  ten  years,  resigned  on  being  elected  a  Dele 
gate  from  Dakota  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress;  in  1883  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Dakota;  died  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  October  2, 
1883. 

Kidwell,  Zedekiah ;  was  born  in  Fairfax  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  January  4,  1814;  was  educated  by  his 
father;  studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Jef 
ferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1839;  after 
practicing  medicine  some  years,  in  1848  commenced 
the  study  of  law,  and  began  to  practice  as  a  lawyer 
in  1849;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia;  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitu 
tional  Convention"  in  1849;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1852;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1853  to  1857;  in  1857  was  elected 
one  of  three  Commissioners  to  superintend  the  pub 
lic  works  for  the  State  of  Virginia,  representing  in 
that  board  the  Third  District.  Died  at  Fairmount, 
April  27,  1872. 

Kilbourn,  James ;  was  born  in  New  Britain, 
Connecticut,  October  19,  1770;  while  apprenticed  as 
a  farmer's  boy  received  instruction  in  Latin  and 
Greek  and  mathematics  from  the  son  of  his  employer; 
was  next  a  mechanic,  then  a  merchant  and  manufac 
turer;  finally  studied  divinity,  and  became  a  clergy 
man  of  the  Episcopal  Church;  in  1803  was  instru 
mental  in  forming  an  emigrating  colony  to  Central 
Ohio,  called  the  "  Scioto  Company";  a  town  was 
soon  organized,  and  named  Worthington;  in  1805  was 
appointed,  by  Congress,  to  the  office  of  United  States 
Surveyor  of  Public  Lands;  in  1806  was  chosen  by  the 
Legislature  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
Ohio  College,  at  Athens;  in  1812  was  appointed,  by 
the  President,  a  Commissioner  to  settle  the  boundary 
between  the  Public  Lands  and  the  Virginia  Reserva 
tion,  and  also  commissioned  as  Colonel  of  the  Fron 
tier  Regiment;  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  for  lo 
cating  Miami  University,  and  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Worthington  College;  from  1813  to 
1817  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio;  in 
1823  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature,  serving  on 
fourteen  committees;  was  re-elected  in  1838;  subse 
quently  devoted  much  attention  to  matters  of  state 
policy.  Died  in  Worthington,  Ohio,  April  24,  1850. 


Kilgore,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1835  to 
1839.  Died  in  New  York,  December  12,  1851. 

Kilgore,  David ;  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Kentucky,  April  3,  1804;  removed,  with  his  father, 
to  Indiana,  in  1819,  and  settled  in  Franklin  County; 
received  a  common  school  education ;  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  1825,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1830;  removed  to  Delaware  County:  in  1833  was 

lected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  served  several 
years;  in  1839  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  Presi 
dent  Judge  of  the  Judicial  Circuit  in  which  he  re 
sided,  and  held  the  office  seven  years;  in  1850  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  the 
State;  in  1854  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1856  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con- 

;ress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Treasury  Department  and  that  on 
the  District  of  Columbia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Kille,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Killinger,  John  W. ;  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  25,  1825;  graduated  at  Marshall 
College  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1846;  was  Attorney  for  Lebanon  County  until  1849; 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
State  in  1850  and  1851 ;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1854,  serving  three  years ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-sev 
enth,  Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revision  of  Laws  and 
Pacific  Railroad;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Kilpatrick,  Judson;  was  born  near  Dicker- 
town,  New  Jersey,  January  14,  1836;  graduated  at 
West  Point  in  1861;  entered  the  First  Artillery,  and 
was  wounded  at  Big  Bethel,  Virginia,  in  June,  1861; 
was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  New  York  Cavalry  in  Sep 
tember,  1861,  and  was  at  the  Battle  of  Manassas; 
Colonel  of  Second  New  York  Cavalry  in  1862;  Com 
mander  of  Cavalry  in  1863,  and  was  brevetted  Major 
after  the  action  at  Aldie;  was  Commander  of  Cavalry 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  in  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  was  wounded  at  Resaca  in  1864; 
was  severely  wounded,  and  brevetted  Colonel  in  the 
"  March  to  the  Sea  ";  was  Captain  of  the  Eighteenth 
Artillery  in  1874;  was  brevetted  Major-General  for 
the  capture  of  Fay etteville,  North  Carolina,  in  March, 
1865;  was  Major-General  of  the  United  State.-;  Army 
for  campaign  in  the  Carolinas;  Major-General  of 
Volunteers  in  June,  1865;  was  Minister  to  Chili  from 
1865  to  1870;  was  again  appointed  Minister  to  Chili 
in  1881.  Died  at  Santiago,  Chili,  December  C,  1331. 

Kilty,  William ;  settled  in  the  city  of  Washing 
ton  in  1800,  and,  in  the  following  year  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Kimball,  Alanson  M.;  was  born  in  Buxton, 
York  County,  Maine,  March  12,  1827;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education;  removed  to 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  and  there  became  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1863  and  1864;  was  by  occupa 
tion  a  merchant;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress. 

Kimball,  James  Putnam ;  was  born  at  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  April  26,  1836;  was  prepared  for  col- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


281 


lege  at  the  Salem  High  School,  and  afterwards  at 
tended  successively  Harvard  University,  the  Uni 
versity  of  Friedrich  \Vilhelm,  at  Berlin,  Germany, 
George  Augusta  University,  at  Goettingen,  and  the 
School  of  Mines,  at  Freiberg,  Saxony;  in  1857  re 
ceived  from  George  Augusta  University  the  degrees 
of  A.  M.  and  Ph.D. ;  returned  from  Europe  in  1859, 
and  became  associated  in  the  geological  survey  of 
the  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Illinois;  in  1860  was  ap 
pointed  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Economic  Geol 
ogy  in  the  New  York  State  Agricultural  College,  at 
Ovid,  New  York,  now  a  part  of  Cornell  University; 
in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  Assistant  Adju 
tant-General,  with  the  rank  of  Captain,  and  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  Chief  of  Staff  under  General  Pat 
rick;  was  in  all  the  principal  engagements  partici 
pated  in  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  Decem 
ber,  1862,  when  ill-health  compelled  him  to  resign 
his  commission  and  retire  to  civil  life;  in  1863  was 
brevetted  Major  for  gallant  conduct;  settled  in  New 
York  City  as  a  geologist  and  mining  engineer,  and 
rapidly  gained  distinction;  in  1873  accepted  the  Hon 
orary  Professorship  of  Geology  in  Lehigh  University, 
at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  and  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  that  place,  still  continuing  his  business  re 
lations  in  New  York  City;  became  President  of  the 
Everett  Iron  Company;  in  June,  1885,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Director  of  the 
United  States  Mints. 

Kimball,  Sumner  I.;  was  born  at  Lebanon, 
Maine,  September  2,  1834;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  graduating  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1855; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1859;  practiced  his  profession  one  year  at  North  Ber 
wick,  Maine,  and  one  year  at  Boston,  Massachusetts; 
in  1861  was  appointed  a  first-class  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the  Second  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury, 
at  Washington;  was  promoted,  through  the  succes 
sive  grades,  to  the  post  of  Chief  Clerk,  now  desig 
nated  Deputy  Auditor;  in  1871  was  appointed  Chief 
of  the  Revenue  Marine  Division,  in  the  Secretary's 
office,  in  charge  of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Service  and 
the  Life-Saving  Stations;  on  the  erection  of  the  Life- 
Saving  Service  into  a  separate  bureau,  by  act  of  Con 
gress,  in  1878,  was  appointed,  by  the  President,  the 
General  Superintendent  of  that  service. 

Kimmell,  William;  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland ;  received  a  collegiate  education ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Baltimore;  be 
came  interested  in  agriculture,  and  was  a  Director  in 
several  railroad  and  commercial  enterprises;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Democratic  Committee  from 
1862  to  1865;  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Convention  in  1864;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1866  to 
1871;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  Forty-tilth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth 
Congress.  Died  December  28,  1886. 

Kincaid,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1829  to  1833. 

King,  Adam ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1827  to  1833.  Died 
May  6,  1835. 

King,  Andrew  ;  was  born  in  Greenbrier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  March  20,  1812;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Mis 
souri;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1846;  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  1858;  was  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  from  1859  to  1864;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Freedmen's  Affairs. 


King,  Austin  A.;  was  born  in  Sullivan  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  September  20,  1801;  received  as  good 
an  education  as  the  Country  then  afforded;  studied 
law,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  on  becoming  of  age; 
removed  to  Missouri  in  1830;  in  1834  was  elected  to 
the  Missouri  Legislature;  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
position  in  1836;  in  1837  was  appointed  a  Circuit 
Judge  for  Ray  County,  which  position  he  held  until 
1848,  when  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Missouri,  the 
term  of  that  office  expiring  in  1853;  in  1862  was 
again  placed  upon  the  bench  in  his  old  Circuit;  dur 
ing  that  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary.  Died  in  St.  Louis, 
April  22,  1870. 

King,  Cyrus;  was  born  in  Scarborough,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  6,  1772;  graduated  from  Colum 
bia  College  in  1794;  was  Private  Secretary  to  Senator 
Rufus  King,  his  half  brother,  in  1796;  studied  law, 
and  practiced  twenty  years  in  Saco;  was  a  Major- 
General  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1813  to  1817.  Died  April 
25,  1817. 

King,  Daniel  Putnam ;  was  born  in  Danvers, 
Massachusetts,  in  1800;  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1823;  at  first  contemplated  the  study  of  law,  but  soon 
abandoned  it  for  the  practice  of  agriculture;  in  1836 
and  1837  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature;  in  1838  and  1839  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate;  in  1840  and  1841  was  President  of 
that  body;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  in  1843;  during 
that  year  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  held  that  position  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  Danvers,  July  25,  1850. 

King,  George  O.;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1825;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1849 
to  1853;  was  Presidential  Elector  in  1849.  Died  at 
Newport,  July  17,  1870. 

King,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Hampden,  Hamp 
shire  County,  Massachusetts;  studied  law  atWilkes- 
Barre,  Pennsylvania,  and  began  practice  at  Allen- 
town,  in  the  same  State,  about  the  year  1815;  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania,  when  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Twenty-second  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Twenty-third  Congress;  separated 
from  the  Democratic  party  on  the  question  of  the  re 
moval  of  the  government  deposits  from  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States;  retired  from  political  life,  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law.  Died  July  13, 1861,  aged 
seventy -one  years. 

King,  Horatio ;  was  born  in  Paris,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  June  21,  1811;  his  grandfather  and 
three  uncles  fought  in  the  Revolution;  received  a 
good  common  school  education;  when  quite  young 
became  identified,  as  printer  and  publisher,  with  a 
newspaper  called  The  Jeffersonian,  which  was  finally 
merged  in  The  Eastern  Argus;  in  1839  settled  in 
Washington  City  as  a  clerk  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment,  where  he  continued,  and  received  various  pro 
motions;  in  1850,  became  connected  with  the  Foreign 
Mail  Service,  in  which  capacity  he  originated  and 
perfected  certain  postal  arrangements  of  great  import 
ance;  in  1854  was  appointed  First  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  and  in  January,  1861,  while  acting 
as  Postmaster-General,  was  questioned  by  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  South  Carolina,  in  regard  to  the 
franking  privilege,  when,  by  his  reply,  he  was  the 
first  officially  to  deny  the  power  of  a  State  to  take 
itself  out  of  the  Union;  from  President  Buchanan  he 
received  the  appointment  of  Postmaster-General, 


282 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


serving  from  the  12th  of  February  until  the  4th  ot 
March  1861 ;  during  the  existence  of  the  Rebellion 
he  was  appointed  one  of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  to 
carry  out  the  Emancipation  Law  for  the  District  o 
Columbia;  also  served  gratuitously  as  Treasurer  ot 
the  Maine  Soldiers'  Relief  Association. 

King  James;  was  born  at  Highwood,  New 
Jersey  in  1791;  was  taken  to  England  by  his  father 
when  American  Minister,  and  was  educated  there; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  m  1610;  was  an  emi 
nent  merchant  and  banker  in  New  York  City;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  trom 
1849  to  1851.  Died  in  Highwood,  New  Jersey, 
October  3,  1853. 

King,  J.  Floyd;  was  born  near  St.  Mary's, 
Georgia,  April  20,  1842;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  Colonel ; 
removed  to  Louisiana,  and  became  a  planter,  studied 
law;  was  appointed  Brigadier-General  of  Militia; 
was  elected  Inspector  of  Levees,  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  School  Directors  of  his  District;  also  Trus 
tee  of  the  University  of  the  South;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty -seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

King,  John;  was  born  in  1775;  served  in  Con 
gress  as  a  Representative  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833.  Died  at  New  Lebanon,  New  York,  Septem 
ber  1,  1836. 

King,  John  A.;  was  born  in  New  York,  January 
3,  1788;  was  educated  at  Harrow,  England;  was 
somewhat  devoted  to  farming;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  from  1819  to  1821;  was  again 
elected  in  1832  and  in  1840  from  Queens  County;  in 
1823  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1849  to 
1851;  was  Governor  of  New  York  from  1856  to  1858: 
Kut us  King,  the  diplomatist,  was  his  father,  and 
James  G.  King,  of  New  Jersey,  was  his  brother;  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  at  London  in  1826, 
and,  on  the  return  of  his  father  to  the  United  States, 
acted  as  Charge  <V  Affaires;  in  1859  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "State  Convention"  held  at  Saratoga;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866,  and  to  the 
State  "Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1867.  Died 
at  Jamaica,  Long  Island,  July  7,  1867.  He  was  de 
voted  to  farming,  and  President  of  the  State  Agri 
cultural  Society  for  many  years. 

King,  John  P.;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Georgia,  from  1833  to  1837. 

King,  John  W.;  was  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wyoming. 

King,  Perkins ;  was  born  in  New  Marlborough, 
Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  January  12,  1784; 
removed  to  Greene  County,  New  York,  in  1802,  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  legal  profession;  in  1826  was 
made  Judge  of  Greene  County;  and  held  the  position 
until  1850;  served  two  terms  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831.  Died  in  Greene  County, 
November  29,  1875,  being  then  the  oldest  ex-Con 
gressman  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

King,  Preston ;  was  born  in  Ogdensburg,  St. 
Lawrence  County,  New  York,  October  14,  1806; 
graduated  at  Union  College;  studied  law,  and  prac 
ticed  the  profession;  during  the  administration  ol 


Andrew  Jackson  he  established  and  edited  the  St. 
Lawrence  Republican;  in  1834  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Ogdensburg;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Legislature  in  1835,  1836.  1837,  and  1833;  was  ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from 
1843  to  1847,  and  again  from  1849  to  1853;  in  1857 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  which  position  he 
retained  until  1863,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  during  his  service 
in  the  Senate  was  Chairman  of  the  National  Repub 
lican  Committee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Baltimore 
Convention"  in  1864,  and  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
the  same  year;  in  the  summer  of  1865  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  New 
York.  Was  drowned  in  the  harbor  of  New  York. 
November  13,  1865,  having,  as  it  is  supposed,  whilein 
a  fit  of  derangement,  thrown  himself  overboard  from 
a  ferry-boat.  On  the  day  that  his  successor  in  the 
Custom  House  entered  upon  his  duties,  in  May,  1866, 
the  body  of  the  deceased  was  picked  up  in  the  Hud 
son  River,  and  was  buried  with  suitable  honors. 

King,  Rufus ;  was  born  in  Scarborough,  Maine, 
March  24,  1755;  was  educated  at  Dunimer  Academy, 
in  Newbury,  Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard 
L'ollege  in  1777;  in  1778  was  Aid-de-camp  to  Sulli 
van  in  his  expedition  against  the  British  in  Rhode 
Island;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Newbury  port,  Massachusetts,  in  1780;  was  elected 
from  that  town  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1784  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  at  Trenton,  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention  of  Massachusetts 
held  in  1787;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  signed  that  in 
strument;  removing  to  New  York  City  in  1778,  he 
was,  in  1789,  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress;  was 
again  elected  to  the  same  position  in  1813,  remaining 
in  that  capacity  until  1825;  at  the  close  of  his  first 
term  in  the  Senate  he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Washington,  Minister  to  England,  where  he  remained 
through  the  whole  of  President  Adams's  term,  and 
during  two  years  of  President  Jetferson's  term;  in 
1825  President  John  Quincy  Adams  again  appointed 
him  Minister  to  England,  but  bad  health  prevented 
him  from  entering  upon  his  duties,  and,  returning 
home,  he  died  at  Jamaica,  Long  Island.  April  29, 
1827.  As  a  statesman,  diplomatist,  and  political 
writer,  he  displayed  great  ability,  and  was  the  author 
of  many  of  the  papers  written  on  the  British  Treaty 
in  1794,  over  the  signature  of  "Camilius. "  As  a 
man,  he  was  universally  respected  and  beloved. 

King,  Rufus  ;  was  born  in  New  York  City,  Jan 
uary  26,  1814;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1833; 
after  serving  in  the  Engineer  Corps  and  assisting  in 
the  building  of  Fortress  Monroe;  resigned  his  com 
mission  and  became  an  engineer  on  the  Erie  Rail 
way;  was,  for  a  time,  connected  with  the  Albany 
Evening  Journal;  edited  the  New  York  Daily  Adi-er- 
tixcr;  was  appointed  Adjutant-General  of  the  State 
Militia;  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  edited  the  Mil 
waukee  Sentinel  until  1861;  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Rome,  but  relinquished  the  position  so  that  he 
might  enter  the  army;  commanded  a  division  at 
Fredericksburg,  Groveton,  Manassas,  Yorktown  and 
Fairfax;  resigned  in  1863  and  was  re-appointed  to 
Rome,  where  he  remained  until  1867;  he  was  the  son 
of  Charles  King,  of  Columbia  College,  and  grandson 
of  Rufus  King,  the  Senator. 

King,  Rufus  H.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1855 
to  1857;  was  subsequently  President  of  the  New 
York  State  National  Bank  at  Albany,  and  also  of  the 
Albany  Insurance  Company;  a  gentleman  bearing 
the  same  name  was  appointed  Minister  to  Rome. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


King1,  Samuel  W.;  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Rhode  Isla  'd  in  1839;  soon  became  the 
Acting  Governor,  and  from  1840  to  1843  was  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State  by  election. 

King-,  T.  Butler ;  wr  born  in  Hampden,  Hamp- 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  August  27,  1804;  was 
iducated  at  Westfield  Academy;  studied  law  and  re 
moved  to  Georgia  in  18?3,  where  he  devoted  himself 
to  planting;  in  the  years  1832,  1834,  1835,  and  1837, 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1839  to  1843; 
again  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  another  term  ending 
with  1849,  serving  much  of  the  time  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Naval  Affairs,  in  which  he  took  special  inter 
est;  was  also  a  member  in  1833  of  the  "  Milledgeville 
Convention,"  in  1836  of  the  "  Macon  Railroad  Con 
vention,  "  and  in  1840  of  the  "  Young  Men's  Con 
vention  "  at  Baltimore;  besides  serving  as  the  Presi 
dent  of  various  canal  and  railroad  companies;  subse 
quently  became  a  resident  of  California,  and  was  for 
two  years  Collector  of  the  Port  of  San  Francisco; 
returned  to  Georgia,  and  in  1859  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  identified  with  the 
great  Rebellion  as  Commissioner  to  Europe.  l)iedin 
Georgia,  May  10,  1864. 

King1,  'William ;  was  born  at  Scarborough, 
Maine,  February  9,  1768;  removed  to  Topsham,  aud 
then  to  Bath  in  1800;  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  for  some  years;  took  a  promi 
nent  part  in  the  Religious  Freedom  Act,  and  was  the 
originator  of  the  Betterment  Act;  advocated  the 
separation  of  Maine  and  Massachusetts,  which  was 
effected  in  1819;  was  President  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  Maine,  and  was  its 
first  Governor  in  1820  and  1821;  was  United  States 
Commisssoner  for  the  Adjustment  of  Spanish  Claims 
from  1821  to  1824;  was  General  of  Militia  and  Col 
lector  of  Customs  at  Bath,  from  1831  to  1834.  Died 
at  Bath,  Maine,  June  17,  1852. 

King-,  William  R.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
April  7,  1786;  received  a  good  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1806;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State 
from  1811  to  1816;  resigned  that  position,  and  ac 
companied  William  Pinckney  to  Europe  as  Secre 
tary  of  Legation;  on  his  return  from  Europe,  settled 
in  the  Territoiy  of  Alabama,  and  devoted  himself  to 
planting;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  State  Constitution  of  Alabama;  in  1819 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Alabama, 
where  he  continued  until  1844,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands,  Commerce,  and 
other  important  Committees;  in  that  year  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  France,  and  continued  there  two 
years;  in  1846  was  again  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  where  he  remained  until  elected  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States  in  1852.  During  the 
Twenty-fourth,  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-sixth,  Thirty- 
first,  and  Thirty-second  Congresses,  he  officiated  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate,  and  as  a  presiding 
officer  commanded  universal  respect.  At  the  time  of 
his  election  as  Vice-President  his  health  was  feeble, 
and,  when  the  time  arrived  for  taking  the  Constitu 
tional  oath  of  that  office,  he  was  in  Cuba,  and  the 
oath  was  administered  by  the  American  Consul  there. 
He  returned  to  his  plantation  at  Cahawba,  Alabama, 
April  17,  1853,  and  died  the  following  day. 

King,  William  S.;  was  born  in  Malone,  New 
York,  December  16,  1828;  received  a  common  school 
education;  worked  on  a  farm  until  his  eighteenth 
year;  then  engaged  in  the  insurance  business;  in 
1852  began  the  publication,  at  Cooperstown,  of  a 


Free-soil  paper  called  The  True  Democrat;  in  1858  re 
moved  to  Minneapolis,  in  Minnesota,  aud  established 
The  Riate  Allan;  was  subsequently  elected  Postmaster 
of  the  National  House  of  Representatives  lor  the 
Thirty-seventh,  Thirty-eight]],  Fortieth,  Forty-first, 
and  Forty -second  Congresses;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

King,  Yelverton  P.;  was  born  in  Greene  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  in  1794;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Ocrnulgee  bar;  in  1830  was  made  State  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Lands;  was  frequently  elected  to- 
the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1840;  in  1850  was  appointed,  by  President  Fillmore, 
Minister  to  New  Granada,  which  office  he  resigned  at 
the  end  of  two  years,  on  account  of  his  health;  was  a 
member  of  the  Georgia  Constitutional  Convention  in 

1865.  Died  in  Greene  County,  August  5,  1868. 

King-sbury,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Towan- 
da,  Bradford  County,  Pennsylvania,  June  4,  1828; 
was  self-educated;  was  bred  a  farmer;  emigrated  to 
Minnesota;  in  the  year  1855  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Minnesota  Legislature,  and  again  in  1856;  in 
1857  was  Delegate  to  the  Convention  for  framing  a 
Constitution  for  Minnesota;  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 

Kinkead,  John  H.;  was  Governor  of  Nevada 
from  1878  to  1883. 

Kinloch,  Francis ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1780  to 
1781. 

Kinnard,  George  L.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1833  to  1837.  Died  at 
Cincinnati,  November  26,  1838,  from  injuries  re 
ceived  on  the  16th  of  that  month  on  board  the  steam 
boat  Flora,  which  exploded  near  that  city. 

Kinney,  John  Fitch ;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Osvvego  County,  New  York,  April  2,  1816;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law;  settled  in 
Mary  sville,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1837;  in  1839  removed  to  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio, 
where  he  practiced  law  until  1844,  when  he  removed 
to  Lee  County,  Iowa;  held  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
the  Legislative  Council  for  Iowa  Territory,  and  also 
that  of  District  Attorney;  upon  the  admission  of 
Iowa  as  a  State,  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  holding  the  office  two  years, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  same  office  by  the  Legis 
lature  for  six  years;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by  Pres 
ident  Pierce,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Utah,  and  went  to  that  Territory  in  1854;  in  1857 
removed  to  Nebraska  Territory,  and  settled  in  the 
pratice  of  law;  in  1860  was  again  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Utah,  holding  that  office  until  1863,  when, 
by  a  unanimous  vote,  he  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Utah  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Kinney,  "William  B.;  was  a  citizen  of  New- 
Jersey;  was  connected  with  the  press  of  that  State; 
in  1850  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Sardinia, 
where  he  remained  until  1853. 

Kinsella,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1832; 
received  a  common  school  education;  learned  the 
trade  of  a  printer,  graduating  as  editor  of  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle;  held  the  local  offices  (in  Brooklyn)  of  Water 
Commissioner  and  member  of  the  Board  of  Educa 
tion;  was  nominated  as  Postmaster  of  that  city  in 

1866,  and  again  in  1867,  by  President  Johnson,  but 
was  rejected  by  the  Senate;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 


284 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


second  Congress  from  New  York,  serving;  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures.  Died  in  Brook 
lyn,  New  York,  February  11,  1884. 

Kinsey,  Charles ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1817  to  1819,  and  from 
1820  to  1821. 

Kinsey,  James;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1775, 
when  he  resigned  his  seat;  was  active  in  the  cause  of 
the  Revolution,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Correspondence  for  Burlington  County;  in  1789 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  New  Jersey.  Died 
at  Burlington,  January  4,  1802,  aged  seventy  years. 

Kinsley,  Martin ;  was  born  in  Bridge  water, 
Massachusetts,  June  2,  1754;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1778,  and  studied  medicine;  performed 
some  service  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  was 
chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  for  forming  the 
Constitution  of  his  native  State;  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Massachusetts  about  thirty  years;  was  also 
at  different  periods  a  member  of  the  State  Council,  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  Judge  of 
Probate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1819  to  1821.  Died  June  20, 
1835. 

Kirby,  Bphraim ;  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  February  23,  1757;  was  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  serving  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and 
remained  in  active  service  until  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  received  thirteen  wounds,  seven  of 
which  were  saber  cuts  on  the  head  inflicted  by  a 
British  soldier  at  Germantown,  where  he  was  left  on 
the  field  for  dead;  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution  he 
contrived  to  obtain  a  classical  education,  and  Yale 
College  gave  him  the  degree  of  M.  A. ;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1789  published  a 
volume  of  "Reports  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Superior 
Court  and  Court  of  Errors,"  which  was  the  first  of 
that  character  published  in  Connecticut,  and  proba 
bly  in  the  United  States;  from  1791  to  1804  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Legislature;  in  1801  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Supervisor  of  the 
Revenue;  after  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  newly-organized  Territory  of 
Orleans.  Died  at  Fort  Stoddard,  Mississippi,  Octo 
ber  2,  1804. 

Kirk,  Robert  C.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  in  1862 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the  Argentine 
Confederation,  remaining  at  Buenos  Ayres  until  1866; 
in  1869  was  re-commissioned  Minister  Resident,  and 
also  accredited  to  Uruguay,  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1871. 

Kirker,  Thomas ;  was  acting  Governor  of  Ohio 
in  1807. 

Kirkland,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Old  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  in  1771;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1790;  removed  to  Utica,  New  York,  and  was  the 
first  Mayor  of  that  city;  served  frequently  in  the 
State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  at  Utica 
January  26,  1844. 

Kirkpatrick,  Littleton ;  was  born  in  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1815;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1843  to  1845;  was  also  for  five  years  Surrogate 'of  the 
County  of  Middlesex.  Died  August  15,  1859. 


Kirkpatrick,  William  ;  was  born  in  Arnwell, 
Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey,  in  November,  17(58; 
was  educated  at  Princeton  College,  graduating  in 
1788;  studied  medicine,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1795;  in  1806  removed  to  Salina,  New  York, 
and  became  Superintendent  of  the  Salt  Springs;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1807  to  1809  from 
New  York.  Died  of  cholera  at  Salina,  September  2, 
1832. 

Kirk-wood,  Samuel  J.;  was  born  in  Harford 
County,  Maryland,  December  20,  1813;  received  an 
academic  education  in  Washington  City;  in  1835  re 
moved  to  Ohio;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1843;  for  four  years  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Richland  County ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  ' '  Con 
stitutional  Convention"  of  1850;  removed  to  Iowa 
in  1855;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  that  State  in 
1856;  was  Governor  of  Iowa  from  1860  to  1864;  in 
January,  1866,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Iowa  for  the  unexpired  term  of  James  Harlan, 
ending  in  March,  1867,  and  served  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Pensions  and  Public  Lands;  in  1875  was 
again  elected  Governor  of  Iowa;  in  January,  1876, 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1877  and  ending  in  1883;  re 
signed  in  March,  1881,  to  become  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Garrield,  serving 
in  that  position  until  1882. 

Kirtland,  Dorrance ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1789;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1817  to  1819. 

Kitchell,  Aaron ;  was  born  in  Morris  County, 
New  Jersey;  was  a  warm  supporter  of  the  Revolu 
tion;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1791  to  1793,  from  1794  to  1797,  and 
from  1799  to  1801 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1805  to  1809,  when  he  resigned;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature. 

Kitchen,  Bethuel  M.;  was  born  in  Berkeley 
County,  West  Virginia,  March  21,  1812;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  adopted  the  occupation  of 
a  farmer;  in  1861  and  1862  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  Virginia;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
but  was  not  admitted  to  his  seat;  in  1864  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  of  West  Virginia;  in  1866  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture 
and  Expenses  in  the  Treasury  Department. 

j 

Kitchin,  William  H. ;  was  born  in  Lauderdale 
County,  Alabama,  December  22,  1837;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  North  Carolina,  in  1841 ;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education;  served  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1869;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Kittera,  John  W.;  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1776;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1791  to  1801,  when  he  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Kittera,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1826  to  1827. 

Kittredge,  George  W.;  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  physician  by  profession;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  in  1847,  1851,  and  1852,  orifici- 
ating  as  Speaker  in  1852;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


285 


Kleiner,  John  J.;  was  born  in  West  Hanover. 
Pennsylvania,  Februarys,  1845;  while  yet  a  child, 
removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Medina,  Ohio;  there 
his  time  was  divided  between  farm  work  and  attend 
ing  school;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
Civil  War;  in  1868  removed  to  Evansville,  Indiana: 
taught  school  until  1874;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  in  1873;  was  elected  Mayor  in  1874 
for  a  term  of  three  years;  re-elected  in  1877;  was 
nominated  for  Congress  in  1880,  but  was  defeated; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Klingensmith,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
II  .State  from  1835  to  1839. 

Klotz,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Northampton  (now 
i'  Carbon)  County,    Pennsylvania,    October  27,    1819; 
if  received   a  limited   education;  engaged   in   various 
i«  pursuits;  in  1843  was  elected  Register  and  Recorder 
I    of  Carbon  County;  was  a  Lieutenant  of  Volunteers 
i    in  the  war  with  Mexico:  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1848  and  1849;  went  to  Kansas 
in  1855;  was  a  member  of  the  Topeka  Constitutional 
Convention;  Secretary  of  State  under  that  organiza 
tion,  and  Brigadier-General  under  the  Robinson  gov 
ernment;   returning  to   Pennsylvania,    was   elected 
Treasurer  of  Carbon  County  in  1859;  was  elected  a 
Trustee  of  Lehigh  University ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Knapp,  Anthony  L.;  was  born  in  Middletown, 
!  Delaware  County,  New  York,  June  14,  1828;  removed, 
i  with  his  father,  to  Illinois  in  18L.9;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849,  settling  in  the  town 
of  Jersey ville;  in  1858  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of 
Illinois,  attending  the  sessions  of  1859  and  1861;  in 
the  latter  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  in  1862 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Knapp,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Colchester,  Dela 
ware  County,  New  York,  in  1797;  was  bred  a  farmer; 
was  chiefly  educated  at  home;  taught  school  for  a 
time;  entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits  in  1825;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1841 ;  settled  in 
the  town  of  Deposit  in  1848;  organized  the  Deposit 
Bank  in  1854,  which  in  1864  became  a  National 
Bank,  of  which  he  was  President;  in  1868  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  Public  Expenditures,  and  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

Knapp,  Chauncey  L.;  was  born  in  Berlin, 
Vermont,  February  26,  1809;  commenced  active 
business  life  by  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  seven 
years  in  a  printing  office  in  Mpntpelier;  was  elected 
Reporter  for  the  Legislature  in  1833 ;  was  co-proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  State  Journal  for  some  years;  was 
elected  Secretary  of  State  in  1836,  in  which  capacity 
h^ served  four  years;  removing  to  Massachusetts  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1851; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Territories;  to 
him  was  awarded  the  credit,  while  editing  the 
Journal,  of  first  nominating  General  Harrison  for  the 
Presidency,  which  resulted  in  his  obtaining  the 
electoral  votes  of  Vermont  four  years  before  he  was 
really  elected;  Mr.  Knapp's  tastes  led  him  to  the 


study  of  mechanics,  and  in  all  his  public  positions  he 
paid  particular  attention  to  the  mechanical  interests 
of  his  constituents. 

Knapp,  Joseph  G.;  wras  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin, 
from  which  State  he  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  New  Mexico,  residing  at  Santa  Fe. 

Knapp,  Robert  M.;  was  by  profession  a  lawyer; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Revision  of  Laws;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Knickei  bocker,  Herman ;  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1780,  and  was  a  descendant,  in  the  third 
generation,  of  one  of  the  original  emigrants  to  New 
York;  early  engaged  in  politics;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  1809  to  1811,  as  a  Federalist,  but  dur 
ing  President  Jackson's  administration  became  a 
Democrat.  Died  in  Williamsburg,  New  York,  Jan 
uary  30,  1855.  It  was  he  to  whom  Irving  playfully 
alluded  in  the  preface  to  his  "Knickerbocker"  as 
' '  my  cousin  the  Congressman. ' ' 

Knight,  Jonathan ;  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  November  22,  1787;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  in  1801,  to  East  Bethlehem,  Washington 
County;  was  chiefly  self-educated,  and  became  a 
school  teacher  and  surveyor  of  lands;  in  1816  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  State  Government,  to  make  and  re 
port  a  map  of  his  county;  served  three  years  as 
County  Commissioner;  in  1827  was  appointed  a  Com 
missioner  to  extend  the  National  Road  from  Wheel 
ing  through  Ohio  and  Indiana  to  the  eastern  line  of 
Illinois ;  in  1822  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  and 
served  six  years;  in  1828  visited  England  to  acquire 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  civil  engineering,  and  on 
his  return  was  appointed  Chief  Engineer  on  the  Bal 
timore  and  Ohio  Railroad;  in  1854  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania.  Died  in  Washington  County,  November  22, 
1858. 

Knight,  Nehemiah;  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Island;  a  farmer  by  occupation ;  a  prominent  politi 
cian  of  the  Federal  school;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1803  to  1808. 

Knight,  Nehemiah  R.;  was  born  in  Cranston, 
Rhode  Island,  December  31,  1780;  was  chiefly  self- 
educated;  at  the  age  of  twenty -two  years  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1805  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Providence;  in  1812 
was  chosen  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  served 
until  1817;  was  also  for  many  years  President  of  the 
Roger  Williams  Bank;  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1817,  and  re-elected  in  1819  and  1820;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Madison,  during  the  war 
with  England,  Collector  of  the  port  of  Providence;, 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1841;  in  1843 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion,  after  which  he  retired  to  private  life.  Died  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  April  19,  1854.  He  was  a 
man  of  sterling  character,  and  a  true  patriot. 

Knott,  A.  Leo;  was  born  at  Baltimore,  Mary 
land,  in  1829;  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's  College, 
Baltimore;  after  graduation,  tatight  classics  at  St. 
Mary's  College  for  a  time;  studied  law;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Baltimore;  served  twelve  years  as  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  of  the  City  of  Baltimore;  in  1868  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Maryland  Legislature;  was  a 
Delegate  to  several  Democratic  National  Conventions; 
in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-Generdl. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Knott,  J.  Proctor ;  was  bom  in  Marion  County, 
Kentucky,  August  29,  1830;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law ;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1850 ;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1858;  resigned  iu 
1859;  in  1860  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Missouri  Convention" 
of  1861;  returned  to  his  native  State  in  1862;  in  1867 
"was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Mines  and  Mining;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  important  Com 
mittees;  in  January,  1876,  was  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  declined  a  further  re-nomination;  in  1883 
was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky  for  a  term  of  four 
years. 

Knowles,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Maine;  removed 
to  Iowa,  from  which  State  he  was,  in  1872,  appointed 
uu  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the 
Territory  of  Montana. 

Knowles,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island; 
was  a  resident  of  Providence;  in  1870  was  appointed 
United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Rhode  Island. 

Knowlton,  Ebenezer  ;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  educated  for  the  ministry;  was  elected  to 
the  Maine  Legislature  in  1844,  1846,  and  1848,  serv 
ing  during  his  second  year  as  Speaker;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1855  to 
1857. 

Knox,  Henry;  was  born  in  Boston,  July  25, 
1750;  received  his  education  at  the  schools  in  that 
town;  prior  to  the  Revolution  was  made  a  Captain  of 
an  Independent  Company  of  Militia  in  Boston,  and, 
having  had  some  experience,  at  the  commencement 
of  hostilities,  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Artillery; 
in  1776  the  corps  was  increased  to  three  regiments, 
and  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-Gen 
eral;  was  actively  engaged  during  the  whole  contest, 
and  after  the  capture  of  Cornwallis,  in  1781,  received 
the  commission  of  Major-Gen eral;  in  March,  1785, 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  War,  and  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Constitution,  President  Washington  ap 
pointed  him  to  the  same  office;  in  1794  resigned  the 
office  and  retired  to  private  life,  at  which  time 
President  Washington  assured  him  of  his  friendship, 
and  declared  him  to  have  "deserved  well  of  his 
country";  settled  at  Thomaston,  Maine,  where  he 
died  October  25,  1806. 

Knox,  James  ;  was  born  in  Canajoharie,  Mont 
gomery  County,  New  York,  July  4,  1807;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1830;  studied  law  at  Utica,  New 
York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833;  in  1836 
located  at  Knoxville,  Illinois,  giving  his  attention 
chiefly  to  mercantile  and  agricultural  pursuits;  in 
1847  was  a  member  of  the  "Constitutional  Conven 
tion"  of  Illinois;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  he  subsequently  became 
blind  and  visited  Europe  with  a  view  of  recovering 
his  sight.  He  manifested  his  love  for  learning  by 
giving  ten  thousand  dollars  to  Yale  College,  and  the 
same  amount  to  Hamilton  College,  for  schools  of 
Katural  History,  in  connection  with  those  institu 
tions. 

Knox,  John  Jay ;  was  born  Knoxboro,  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  March  19,  1828;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1849;  from  that  year  until  1862 
was  a  private  banker  or  an  officer  of  a  bank;  in  1867 


YT7»s  appointed  Deputy  Comptroller  of  the  Currency; 
had  charge  of  the  Mint  Coinage  Correspondence  of 
the  Treasury  Department;  in  1870  his  report  on  the 
mint  service,  together  with  a  codification  of  the  mint 
and  coinage  laws  of  the  United  States,  with  many 
important  amendments,  was  submitted  to  Congress 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  the  bill  which  he 
proposed  was  subsequently  passed  with  a  few  modi 
fications  and  is  known  as  "  The  Coinage  Act  of  1873  " ; 
in  1872  was  appointed  Comptroller  of  the  Currency; 
resigned  in  1884. 

Knox,  Samuel ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  having 
successfully  contested  the  seat  occupied  by  F.  P. 
Blair,  Jr.,  taking  his  seat  near  the  close  of  the  first 
session. 

Koerner,  Gustavius  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois; 
in  1862  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Spain,  where  he  remained  until  1864. 

Koontz,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Somerset, 
Pennsylvania,  July  15,  1830;  received  a  common 
school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  District  Attorney  for  Somerset  County  for  three 
years  from  1853;  was  Prothonotary  and  Clerk  of  the 
Courts  of  said  County  for  three  years  from  I860;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  having  successfully  contested 
the  seat  of  A.  H.  Coffroth,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  for  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Interior  Department. 

Krebs,  Jacob  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1826  to  1827. 

Krekel,  Arnold ;  was  born  in  Germany,  March 
12,  1815;  came  to  this  country  in  1832;  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  of  Germany  and  at  St.  Charles 
College,  Missouri;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1844;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1852; 
was  President  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
present  Constitution  of  Missouri  in  1865;  in  that  year 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Western  District  of  Missouri,  residing  in  Jefferson 
City. 

Kremer,  George ;  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 
Pennsylvania,,  in  1775;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1829;  he  was 
noted  in  Congress  as  having  replied  in  German  to 
some  sarcastic  remarks  by  John  Randolph,  thereby 
turning  the  argument  in  his  favor.  Died  in  Union 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September  11,  1854. 

Kuhns,  Joseph  H;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania- 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Kunkel,  Jacob  M.;  was  born  in  Frederick 
Maryland,  July  23,  1822;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Virginia  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  1846;  in  1850  was  elected  to  the  Mary 
land  Senate  for  six  years,  but  the  change  in  the  State 
Constitution  cut  short  his  term;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Maryland  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Revolt 
tionary  Claims  and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Accounts- 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention  "  of  1866. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


287 


Kunkel,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fourth  arid  Thirty-filth  Congresses  from  his 
native  State,  and  served  on  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Kurtz,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Kuykendall,  Andrew  Z.;  was  born  in  Gallatin 
County,  Illinois,  March  3,  1815;  was  chiefly  self- 
educated;  studied,  adopted,  and  practiced  the  pro 
fession  of  law;  from  1842  to  184G  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  in  the  State  Senate 
from  1850  to  1H62;  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-first  Regi 
ment  of  Illinois  Infantry,  as  a  volunteer  in  18(J1, 
was  elected  Major,  and  served  until  1862,  when  he 
resigned  on  account  of  his  health;  in  1864  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Post 
Office  and  Post  Roads,  and  on  Mileage;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Con 
vention  "  of  1866. 

Lablanche,  Alcee ;  was  born  in  Louisiana;  in 
1837  was  appointed,  by  President  Van  Buren,  Charge 
d' Affaires  to  Texas,  where  he  remained  until  1840; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845. 

Lacey,  Edward  S.;  was  born  at  Chili,  New 
York,  November  26,  1835;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1842;  was  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  at 
Olivet  College;  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  was 
elected  Register  of  Deeds  in  1860,  and  re-elected  in 
1862;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  State  Insane  Asylum 
from  1874  to  1880;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Lacey,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Randolph  County, 
Indiana,  October  13,  1848;  his  early  education  was 
acquired  in  the  local  schools  of  his  native  county; 
enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  at  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Civil  War,  serving  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-seventh  and  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-second 
Indiana  Volunteer  Regiments,  respectively,  until  its 
close;  then  entered  college,  graduating  with  special 
honors  from  Indiana  Asbury  (now  De  Pauw)  Uni 
versity  in  1871;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Marion,  Indiana,  in  1875,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  that  place;  July  5,  1884,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Wyoming  Territory. 

Lacock,  Abner  ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1770; 
without  the  advantage  of  much  early  education, 
rose  to  eminence  as  a  legislator,  statesman,  and  civil 
ian;  filled  various  public  stations  for  a  period  of 
nearly  forty  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813,  and  United 
States  Senator  from  1813  to  1819.  Died  in  Beaver 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  12,  1837. 

Lacy,  Thomas  J.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Arkansas;  in  1834  was  appointed  a  Judge  for  that 
Territory. 

Ladd,  George  "W.;  was  born  at  Augusta,  Maine, 
September  28,  1818;  received  a  good  education; 
learned  the  business  of  an  apothecary;  at  the  age  of 
twenty  commenced  business  for  himself  at  Bangor, 
Maine;  was  compelled  to  retire  on  account  of  ill- 
health;  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  commission  busi 
ness  and  the  wholesale  grocery  business;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty -sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 


La  Dow,  George  A.;  was  born  in  Cayugn 
County,  New  York,  March  18,  1828,  removed,  with 
his  parents,  from  Syracuse  to  McIIenry  County. 
Illinois;  received  a  common  school  education;  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
1850:  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1851,  and  practiced 
his  profession;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  District 
Attorney,  and  held  the  oflice  two  years;  removed  to 
Minnesota  in  1862,  and  practiced  there;  in  1867  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  that  State: 
re-nominated  the  following  year,  but  declined;  set 
tled  in  Oregon  in  1869;  declined  the  nomination  for 
State  Senator  in  1870;  in  1872  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  Oregon,  and  held  the 
office  until  1874,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress.  Died  in  Oregon, 
in  May,  1875. 

Laffoon,  Polk ;  was  born  in  Hopkins  County, 
Kentucky,  October  24,  1844,  his  parents  having 
removed  there  from  South  Carolina  in  1801,  when 
the  State  was  a  wilderness;  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
working  at  hard  labor  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  War,  and  enjoying  only  the  meagre  school 
facilities  afforded  by  the  country  schools;  being  a 
close  student,  however,  he  was  enabled  to  secure  a 
good  education;  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Kentucky 
Confederate  Infantry  in  1861,  and  was  elected  Second 
Lieutenant;  was  captured  at  Fort  Donelson  in  Feb 
ruary,  1862,  and  was  confined  at  Johnson's  Island 
until  September  of  that  year,  when  he  was  exchanged; 
was  transferred  to  the  Cavalry,  and  joined  Morgan's 
command;  was  again  taken  prisoner  at  Cheshire, 
Ohio,  and  remained  in  confinement  until  the  close 
of  the  war;  upon  his  release  returned  to  Kentucky 
and  taught  school,  studying  law  at  the  same  time; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and  engaged  in 
practice  at  Madisonville,  Kentucky;  was  elected 
County  Attorney  in  1870,  and  served  four  years;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Laflin,  Addison  H.;  was  born  in  Lee,  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts,  October  24,  1823;  graduated 
at  Williams  College  in  1843;  removed  to  Herkimer 
County,  New  York,  and  became  extensively  engaged 
in  the  business  of  manufacturing  paper;  in  1837  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York;  in  1864  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Printing;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty-first  Congresses,  and  was  again  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  Committee  on  Printing,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  that  on  Manufactures;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"State  Republican  Convention"  of  1867;  in  1871 
was  appointed  Naval  Officer  for  the  city  of  New 
York. 

La  Follette,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  the  town 
of  Primrose,  Dane  County,  Wisconsin,  June  14, 
1855;  received  a  collegiate  education,  graduating 
from  the  University  of  Wisconsin  in  June,  1879; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Madison,  Wisconsin;  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  Dane  County  in  1880, 
and  re-elected  in  1882;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con- 
gresa. 

Lahm,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Leitersburg,  Mary 
land,  April  22,  1812;  his  education  was  limited,  yet 
his  first  earnings  were  the  result  of  teaching  school; 
in  March,  1835,  removed  to  Indiana  and  studied  law; 
then  settled  in  Ohio;  in  1837  was  elected  Master  ia 


288 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Chancery;  in  1842  a  State  Senator;  at  various  times 
to  high  positions  in  the  Militia;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1847  to  1849. 

Laird,  James ;  was  born  at  Fowlerville,  Living 
ston  County,  New  York,  June  20,  1849;  was  reared 
in  Michigan,  and  was  educated  at  Adrian  College,  in 
that  State,  and  at  the  Michigan  University;  served 
in  the  Union  Army  from  1862  to  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War;  graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  Michi 
gan  University  in  1871;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  settled  at  Hastings,  Nebraska,  in  the  practice  of 
law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1875;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Nebraska  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Lake,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  grad 
uated  at  Washington  College  in  Pennsylvania;  studied 
law ;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland ;  removed 
to  Mississippi;  practiced  his  profession  there  with 
success ;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  that  State ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi  during 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Lamar,  Henry  Gr.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1829 
to  1833. 

Lamar,  Lucius  Q.  O.;  was  born  in  Putnam 
County,  Georgia,  September  17,  1825;  graduated  at 
Emory  College  in  1845;  studied  law  at  Macon,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1847;  removed  to  Oxford, 
Mississippi,  in  1849;  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  in  the  University  of  that  State ;  returned  to 
Covington,  Georgia,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  in 
1853  ;  in  1854  removed  again  to  Mississippi;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Mississippi  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty -sixth  Congresses;  resigned 
in  1860  to  take  a  seat  in  the  Secession  Convention  of 
his  State;  in  1861  entered  the  Confederate  Army;  in 
1863  was  intrusted,  by  President  Davis,  with  an  im 
portant  diplomatic  mission  to  Russia;  in  1860  was 
elected  Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Mississippi,  and  in  1867  was  made  a  Pro 
fessor  of  Law;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and 
Mississippi  Levees;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  caucus  which 
nominated  M.  C.  Kerr  for  the  Speakership  in  1875; 
in  December,  1875,  was  apointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad;  in  January,  1876, 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Mississippi 
for  the  term  beginning  in  1877  and  ending  in  1883; 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1889;  in  March, 
1885,  became  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet 
of  President  Cleveland. 

Lamar,  Mirabeau  B.;  was  born  in  Louisville, 
Georgia,  August  16,  1798;  was  for  some  years  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  and  agricultural  pursuits;  estab 
lished  the  Columbus  Inquirer,  a  States'  Rights  jour 
nal,  in  1828;  removed  to  Texas  in  1835;  commanded 
a  cavalry  company  at  the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  and 
rendered  effective  service;  in  1836  was  elected  first 
Vice-President  of  Texas,  having  for  some  months 
previous  held  the  rank  of  Major-General;  from  1838 
to  1841  was  President  of  Texas;  in  1846  joined  Gen 
eral  Taylor  at  Matamoras,  and  was  in  the  battle  of 
Monterey;  was  afterwards  engaged  in  checking  the 
incursions  of  the  Comanches ;  was  United  States  Min 
ister  to  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  in  1858.  Died  in 
Richmond,  Texas,  December  19,  1859.  He  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  ' '  Verse  Memo 
rials,"  published  in  New  York  in  1857. 


Lamb,  Alfred  W.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Lamb,  John  E. ;  was  born  at  Terre  Haute,  Indi 
ana.  December  26,  1852;  was  educated  in  private  and 
public  schools  and  graduated  at  the  Terre  Haute 
tligh  School;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1874,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Terre  Haute;  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Fourteenth 
Judicial  District  in  1875,  and  was  elected  to  that 
position  in  1876,  holding  the  office  three  and  one- 
nalf  years;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative 
Tom  Indiana  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Lambert,  John  ;  was  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
during  the  years  1802  and  1803;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1805  to  1809,  from 
1809  to  1815;  was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate;  served  many  years  in  the  Legislature.  Died 
in  February,  1823,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

Lamison,  Charles  N.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1820;  became  a  student  at 
law  when  seventeen  years  of  age;  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  Ohio;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Allen 
County,  Ohio,  one  year  by  appointment,  and  four 
years  by  elections;  raised  a  company  in  1861  and  en 
tered  the  army  as  Captain  in  the  Twentieth  Volun 
teers,  of  which  regiment  he  was  afterwards  elected 
Major,  and  served  under  Generals  McClellan,  Hill, 
and  Rosecrans  in  West  Virginia;  was  afterwards 
Major  of  the  Eighty-first  Volunteer  Infantry;  re 
signed  because  of  ill-health  in  1862;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  State  Department  and 
Naval  Affairs. 

Lament,  George  D.;  was  born  in  Western  New 
York,  in  1823;  received  a  good  education;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  located  himself  at 
Lockport;  in  1862  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Provisional  Court  of  Louisiana,  where 
he  acquitted  himself,  under  trying  circumstances, 
with  ability,  and  remained  until  1865;  subsequently 
returned  to  Lockport;  in  1871  was  elected  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  for  fourteen  years. 
Died  at  Lockport,  January  15,  1876. 

Lamport,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Pittstowc, 
New  York,  May  27,  1811;  received  a  district  school 
education;  was  elected  Supervisor  of  Gorham  in  1848 
and  1849;  was  Sheriff  of  Ontario  County  in  1851; 
elected  to  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1854;  was 
Trustee  of  the  village  of  Canandaigua  in  1866  and 
1867,  and  President;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Agriculture. 

Lancaster,  Columbia ;  was  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress  from  the  Territory  of  Washington  during  the 
years  1854  and  1855. 

Lander,  Edward  :  wr.s  appointed  Chief  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wash 
ington  in  1853. 

Landers,  Franklin  ;  was  born  in  Morgan  Coun 
ty,  Indiana,  March  22,  1825;  received  a  common 
school  education  during  the  winter,  and  worked  on 
his  father's  farm  during  the  summer;  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  taught  school  in  the  winter  and  worked 
by  the  month  in  summer;  having  saved  three  hun 
dred  dollars,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in 
1847;  continued  in  that  employment  for  six  years, 
and  then  purchased  a  tract  of  land  and  located  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


289 


town  of  Brooklyn;  removed  to  that  place  and  re 
sumed  farming  and  mercantile  pursuits  for  twelve 
years;  established  five  churches  of  various  denomina 
tions  on  his  lands,  and  contributed  largely  to  their 
support;  in  all  deeds  of  lots  he  inserted  a  temper- 
Wee  clause  preventing  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors;  then  engaged  in  the  wholesale  dry  goods 
business  in  Indianapolis,  and  also  in  the  pork-pack 
ing  trade;  in  1860  was  elected  State  Senator;  in  1864 
declined  a  nomination  for  Congposs;  was  on  the  elec 
toral  ticket  for  McClellan;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Forty  -fourth  Congress  from  In 
diana. 

Landers,  Gr.  M.;  was  born  in  Lenox,  Massachu 
setts,  February  22,  181.3;  removed  to  New  Britain, 
Connecticut,  in  1829;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1851,  1867,  and  1874;  was  State 
Senator  in  1853,  1869,  and  1873;  was  appointed  Bank 
Commissioner  for  Connecticut  in  1875;  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Landes,  Silas  Z.;  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia,  May  15,  1842;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Paris,  Illinois;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Paris  (Illinois)  Academy,  but  did  not 
graduate;  studied  law  at  Paris,  Illinois,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  at  Paris,  in  August,  1863;  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Mount  Carmel  in  1864; 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1866;  was  elected 
State's  Attorney  for  Wabash  County  in  1872,  1876, 
and  1880;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty  -ninth  Congress. 

Landmm,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Edgefield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  July  3,  1815;  obtained  the 
greater  part  of  his  education  by  his  own  exertions 
after  he  became  of  age;  graduated  at  the  South  Caro 
lina  College  in  1842;  taught  school  and  studied  law 
at  the  same  time;  in  1845  removed  to  Louisiana,  and 
settled  at  Shreveport;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Louisiana  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the 
Post  Office  Department;  resigned  in  February,  1861. 

Landry,  J.  Aristide  ;  was  born  in  Louisiana; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Landy,  James  ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  October  13,  1813;  received  his  education 
in  his  native  city;  devoted  himself  for  a  time  to  the 
occupation  of  a  builder;  studied  law,  but  abandoned 
the  profession,  and  turned  his  attention  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits;  devoted  much  attention  to  the  Public 
School  System  of  Philadelphia,  and  held  the  posi 
tions  of  Commissioner  and  President  of  the  Board  of 
School  Commissioners;  in  1856  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  July  24,  1875. 

Lane,  Amos;  was  born  in  New  York;  emigrated 
to  the  Ohio  River  in  1804;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1833  to  1839,  having  pre 
viously  been  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
served  one  session  as  Speaker;  was  a  lawyer  of  abil 
ity,  and  filled  a  conspicuous  pla<*e  in  the  history  of 
Indiana.  Died  in  Lawie  uvb  r-g.  in  that  State  in 
1850.  He  was  tac  father  ui'.J.  II.  Lane. 


V7.; 


the   Kelt:vl!ion    was 


ti  ieive  the  State  01'  Kfiilncky.  when1  he 
int.  of  his  Unio:i  so  :itim«vits;  wa^  U|>- 


o-  a  - 

u  Unite  1  States  District 


l.irt*  in  Al.ilcunii. 


I/icd  at  I  ouldviile,  Kentucky,  November  12,  IdJJ. 

10 


Lane,  Henry  S.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Kentucky,  February  24,  1811;  received  a 
good  common  school  education,  and,  under  a  tutor, 
some  knowledge  of  the  classics;  studied  law  in  Ken 
tucky,  but  removed  to  Indiana,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  that  State;  in  1837  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Indiana  from  1841  to  1843;  served  as  a  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  Volunteers,  under  General  Taylor, 
in  the  War  with  Mexico,  in  1846;  in  1859  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  to  contest  the  seat  of 
J.  D.  Bright,  but  was  denied  the  seat;  in  1861  was 
elected  Governor  of  Indiana;  two  days  after  his  in 
auguration  was  again  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Indiana  for  the  term  ending  in  1867,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  Pensions,  Pat 
ents  and  the  Patent  Office,  Expenses  in  the  Senate, 
and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills; 
was  one  of  the  Senators  designated  by  the  Senate  to 
attend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott,  in  1866;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866,  and  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1868.  Died  June  18,  1881. 

Lane,  James  Henry;  was  born  in  Lawrence- 
burg,  Indiana,  June  22.  1814;  on  reaching  his  major 
ity  was  elected  to  the  City  Council  of  Lawrenceburg, 
and  frequently  re-elected;  in  a  subordinate  capacity 
took  part  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  in  1849  was  Lien- 
tenant-Governor  of  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1853  to  1855;  settled  in 
Kansas  and  took  an  active  part  in  politics;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Topeka  "  Constitutional  Convention, "  and 
was  elected  by  the  people  Major-General  of  the  Free 
State  troops;  in  1857  was  President  of  the  Leaven- 
worth  "  Constitutional  Convention,"  and  again  chosen 
Major-General  of  the  Territorial  troops;  on  the  ad 
mission  of  Kansas  into  the  Union,  was  chosen  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  In 
dian  Affairs  and  Agriculture;  was  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1871,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture,  and  as  a  member  of  that 
on  Territories;  during  the  early  part  of  the  Rebellion 
he  was  commissioned,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Briga 
dier-General  of  Volunteers;  was  a  member  of  the 
"Baltimore  Convention"  of  1864;  on  July  1,  1866, 
while  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  on  leave  of  absence  from 
the  Senate  on  account  of  ill-health,  he  shot  himself 
with  a  pistol,  and  thus  came  to  his  death.  Was  the 
son  of  Amos  Lane. 

Lane,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Buncombe  County, 
North  Carolina,  December  14,  1801 ;  in  his  fifteenth 
year  became  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  house  in  Indi 
ana;  in  1822  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State,  serving  in  that  capacity,  with 
occasional  intervals,  until  1846;  participated  in  the 
war  with  Mexico,  acquitting  himself  with  credit  at 
Buena  Vista  and  on  other  fields,  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  a  Brigadier-General;  in  1849  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Oregon ,  without 
his  solicitation,  and  organized  the  government;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  in  1851,  where  he 
was  retained  by  his  constituents  until  the  admission 
of  Oregon  as  a  State,  in  1859,  when  he  took  his  seat 
as  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  until  18iil ;  in  ls(j0 
was  nominated  for  Vice-Presideut,  oti  the  ticket 
with  Mr.  Breckenridge,  but  was  dei'cated.  Died 
April  21,  1381. 

La  ie,  La  Fayetta  :  was  Inrn  in  Vanderhnr<» 
Cou.ity,  iniia-i.i.  .NOVCMI'HM'  12.  1812;  w is  educate  I 
in  Vv'asliiiigton  City,  and  in  Sf;uii;brd,  Connecticut.; 
adopted  tiie  profession  of  t!ie  law,  and  removed  to 

e^;r)Uj  WvU>  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State 


290 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


in  1864;  was  defeated  in  1866  as  Candidate  for  Secre 
tary  of  State;  was  a  Code  Commissioner  for  the  State 
in  1874;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress,  in  the  place  of  G.  A.  La  Dow, 
who  died  in  May  of  that  year. 

Lane,  Samuel ;  was  one  of  the  first  men  ap 
pointed  Superintendent  or  Commissioner  of  Public 
Buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  but  the  date 
of  his  appointment  does  not  appear  on  the  public 
records. 

Lang-don,  Chauncey ;  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1787;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Vermont,  from  1815  to  1817;  served  seven  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  the  State;  was  a  State  Coun 
cilor  for  nine  years.  Died  in  1830. 

Langdon.  John ;  was  educated  for  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  afterwards  prosecuted  business  on  the 
sea,  until  the  commencement  of  the  controversy  with 
Great  Britain;  was  one  of  the  party  which  removed 
the  powder  and  military  stores  from  Fort  William 
and  -Mary,  at  New  Castle,  New  Hampshire,  in  1774; 
in  1775  and  1776  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire;  commanding  a  company  of 
volunteers,  he  served,  for  a  while,  in  Vermont  and 
Rhode  Island;  in  his  own  State,  he  was,  in  1776  and 
1777,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  in  1779  was 
Continental  Agent  in  New  Hampshire,  and  contracted 
for  the  building  of  several  ships  of  war;  in  1783  was 
again  appointed  a  Delegate  to  Congress;  was  after 
wards  repeatedly  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
Speaker;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  that 
framed  the  Constitution,  signing  his  name  to  that 
instrument;  in  March,  1788,  was  chosen  Governor  of 
the  State;  from  1789  to  1801  was  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  and  was  President  of  the  Senate  pro 
tern,  during  the  First  Congress,  and  part  of  the  Sec 
ond;  was  one  of  tho=p  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on.  the  Potomac;  from  1805  to 
1808,  and  again  in  IttlO  and  1811,  was  Governor  of 
the  State.  Died  in  Portsmouth,  September  18,  1819, 
aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Langdon,  Woodbury ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1779 
and  17&SO;  was  a  Counselor  from  1781  to  1784;  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1782,  and  from  1786  to  1790.  Died  January  13, 
1805,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Langston,  John  Mercer ;  was  born  near  Louisa 
Court  House,  Louisa  County,  Virginia,  December  14. 
1829;  received  a  collegiate  education,  graduating 
from  Oberlin  College,  Ohio,  in  1849,  and"  from  the 
Theological  Department  in  1853,  receiving  the  degree 
of  A.  M. ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Lorain  County,  Ohio,  in  1855;  practiced  his  pro 
fession  in  Ohio  for  twelve  years,  during  which  period 
he  was  several  times  elected  to  important  local  po 
sitions;  in  1867  was  appointed  General  Inspector  of 
the  National  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and 
Abandoned  Lands,  serving  two  years;  in  1869  was 
elected  Professor  of  Law  in  Howard  University,  and 
was  made  Dean  of  the  Law  Department;  during  the 
last  two  years  of  his  service  was  Vice-President  and 
Acting  President  of  the  University;  for  the  faithful 
performance  of  these  duties  received  the  degree  of 
LL.  D. ;  from  1870  to  1877  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Health  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  its  Attor 
ney;  in  1877  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  and 
Consul-Geuerarof  the  United  States  to  the  Republic 
of  Hayti. 


Langworthy,  Edward;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1 779,  and  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of 
Confederation. 

Lanham,  Samuel  W.  T.;  was  born  in  Spartan- 
burg  District,  (now  county,)  South  Carolina,  July  4, 
1846;  received  a  good  education;  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army  when  a  boy;  in  1866  removed  to  Texas; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1869: 
settled  at  Weatherford,  Texas;  was  District  Attor 
ney;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Lanman,  James  ;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  June  14,  1769;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1788;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1791, 
and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  his  native  town;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  first 
Constitution  of  Connecticut  in  1818;  served  two 
years  in  the  Lower  House  of  the  Legislature  in  1817 
and  1832,  and  one  year  as  a  State  Senator  in  1819; 
was  for  five  years,  from  1814  to  1819,  Attorney  for 
the  State  tor  New  London  County,  acquiring  great 
local  distinction  by  his  abilities.  One  of  the  most 
famous  trials  that  he  conducted  was  that  of  the  Rev. 
Annul  Rogers,  who  was  convicted  of  an  infamous 
crime  against  one  of  his  parishioners,  and  was  im 
prisoned  for  two  years,  and  who  subsequently  pub 
lished  a  book  of  nearly  three  hundred  pages  abusive 
of  said  Attorney;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1819  to  1825,  during  one  Congress  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Roads,  and  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate,  and 
voted  with  the  South  on  the  Missouri  Compromise; 
during  the  Seventeenth  Congress  was  at  one  time 
member  of  four  Committees,  viz.,  that  of  Commerce 
and  Manufactures,  the  Militia,  District  of  Columbia, 
and  the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  Governor,  to  a  second  term  in  the 
Senate,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature,  and  be 
fore  the  vacancy  occurred,  and,  by  a  small  majority, 
the  Senate  decided  that  the  appointment  was  with 
out  authority  of  law;  was  subsequently  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  and  Superior  Courts  of  Connecticut,  for 
three  years,  from  1826  to  1829;  from  1831  to  1834 
was  Mayor  of  Norwich,  where  he  died  August  7, 
1841.  His  son,  Charles  James  Lanman,  also  a  gradu 
ate  of  Yale  College,  was  one  of  the  earliest  emigrant 
lawyers  from  New  England  to  the  Territory  of  Michi 
gan,  where  he  took  part  in  founding  a  number  of  im 
portant  towns,  and  was  for  many  years  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  public  record 
that  on  visiting  Washington,  nearly  thirty  years  after 
retiring  from  office,  he  was  officially  informed  that 
there  was  a  considerable  amount  of  money  standing 
to  his  credit  at  the  Treasury  Department;  was  sub 
sequently  Mayor  of  Norwich,  in  Connecticut.  Died 
in  1870,  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age.  The 
Senator  had  another  sou,  James  1[.  Lanman,  who 
was  a  lawyer,  and  who  acquired  some  reputation  as 
an  author. 

Lansing,  Gerit  Y.;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1783;  served  four  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1837;  Avas,  for  many  years, 
Chancel loi  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Univers 
ity  of  New  Fork.  Died  at  Albany,  January  3,  1862. 

Lansing,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1788;  also  a 
member  of  the  Convention  that  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution,  which  he  opposed,  and  consequently 
left  the  Convention,  defining  his  position  in  a  pub 
lished  letter. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


291 


Lansing,  "William  E.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Sullivan,  Madison  County,  New  York,  in  1822;  stud 
ied  law  at  Utica.  and  commenced  the  practice  in 
1845;  in  1850  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  Madi 
son  County;  in  1857  Clerk  of  the  same  county;  in 
1860  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Claims.  Died  July  29,  1883. 

Lapham,  Elbridge  Gerry ;  was  born  in  Farm- 
ington,  Ontario  County,  New7  York,  October  18,  1814; 
worked  on  a  farm;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  completed  his  studies  at  the  Canandaigua 
Academy;  was  Civil  Engineer  on  the  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844,  and  gained  a  successful  practice;  in 
1867  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  New  York;  had  never  been  a  candidate  for  any 
political  office  until  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses;  was  elected  a  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  New  York,  for  the  term  ending  in  1885,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Roscoe 
Conkling. 

Laporte,  John;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
i\  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1833  to  1837. 

Larned,  Samuel ;  was  a  citizen  of  Rhode  Is 
land:  went  to  Chili  in  1826  as  Secretary  of  Legation; 
in  1828  Avas  appointed  Charge  <V  Affaires  to  Peru;  re- 
commissioned  in  1830,  and  remained  at  that  post  un 
til  1837,  then  returned  to  the  United  States. 

Larned,  Simon  ;  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts; 
served  as  Colonel  of  Militia;  was,  for  a  time,  Sheriff 
of  Berkshire  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  for  the  uuexpired  term  of 
T.  J.  Skinner.  Died  in  Pittsiield,  November  16, 
1817,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

Larrabee,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Rome, 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  November  9,  1820;  when 
quite  young  accompanied  his  father  to  Ohio;  was 
educated  at  Granville  College;  after  devoting  some 
attention  to  practical  engineering,  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  1841,  at  Pontotoc,  Missis 
sippi;  in  1844  settled  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  edited 
for  a  time  the  Democratic  Advocate ;  served  one  term 
as  City  Advocate  for  Chicago;  in  1847  settled  in  WisT 
cousin,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
form  a  State  Constitution;  in  1848  was  elected  a 
Circuit  Judge,  and,  after  serving  ten  years,  resigned; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  War  Department; 
subsequently  entered  the  army  in  the  volunteer  serv 
ice,  and  had  command,  as  Colonel,  of  a  regiment 
from  his  State. 

Larrabee,  "William ;  was  born  at  Ledyard,  Con 
necticut,  January  20,  1832;  received  a  common 
school  education;  in  1853  removed  to  Fayette  County, 
Iowa,  and  engaged  in  fanning;  in  1856  became  inter 
ested  in  milling  and  manufacturing  enterprises;  in 
1867  was  elected  State  Senator  for  a  term  of  four 
years,  and  was  successively  re-elected  four  times;  in 
1872  lie  added  banking  to  his  other  enterprises;  in 
September,  1885.  resigned  his  seat  in  the  State  Sen 
ate  to  accept  the  gubernatorial  nomination,  and  in 
the  succeeding  November  was  elected  Governor  of 
Iowa. 


La  Sere,  Emile  ;  was  born  in  Louisiana;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1846 
to  1851. 

Lash,  Israel  G.;  was  born  in  Bethania,  North 
Carolina,  August  18.  1810;  worked  on  a  farm  until 
he  became  of  age;  then  followed  the  business  of  a 
merchant  and  manufacturer;  became  a  banker  in 
1847;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North  Caro 
lina  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  Treasury  Department;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Banking  and  Currency,  and  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment. 

Latham,  George  B.;  was  born  in  Prince  Wil 
liam  County,  Virginia,  March  9,  1832;  was  educated 
at  country  schools  and  at  home;  studied  law,  while 
teaching  school,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859; 
edited  a  compaign  paper  at  Grafton,  West  Virginia, 
in  1860;  entered  the  army  in  1861,  as  Captain,  and 
was  made  Colonel  of  the  Second  Virginia  Infantry; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  West  Virginia  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Printing  and  Public.  Buildings  and  Grounds; 
in  February,  "1867,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Johnson,  Consul  to  Melbourne,  Australia. 

Latham,  Louis  Charles  ;  was  born  at  Ply 
mouth,  North  Carolina,  September  11,  1840;  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1859;  at 
tended  the  Law  School  of  Harvard  University,  Mas 
sachusetts;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  served  in 
the  Confederate  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Major;  was  elected  a. 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Commons  in  1864;  was 
elected  a  State  Senator  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress. 

Latham,  Milton  S.;  was  born  in  Columbus, 
Ohio,  May  23,  1827;  graduated  at  Jefferson  College. 
Pennsylvania,  in  1845;  soon  afterwards  removed  to 
Alabama,  where  he  studied  law;  i&. ,184.8  was  ap 
pointed  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  RfTssell  County  ; 
removed  to  California  in  1850,  and  was  there  ap 
pointed  Clerk  of  the  Recorder's  Court  in  San  Fran 
cisco;  was  soon  afterwards  chosen  District  Attorney 
lor  the  Counties  of  Sacramento  and  El  Dorado,  which 
office  he  held  in  1851 ;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  declining  a  re-election;  in  1855  was  appointed, 
by  President  Pierce,  Collector  of  San  Francisco, 
which  otiice  he  held  until  1857;  having  been  elected 
Governor  of  California,  three  days  after  his  inaugu 
ration,  in  January,  1860,  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  California,  for  six  years,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  and  on  Post  Offices 
and  Post  Roads;  was  afterwards  President  of  the 
Bank  of  California,  at  San  Francisco.  Died  March 
5,  1882. 

Lathrop,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Hampden  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  in  1771;  graduated  from  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1792;  studied  law  and  attained  a  high  posi 
tion  at  the  bar;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1818  to  1826,  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  for  ten  years,  and 
President  of  that  body  in  1829  and  1830.  Died  in 
West  Springfield,  July  11,  1846. 

Lathrop,  "William ;  was  born  in  Genesee  County, 
New  York,  April  17,  1825;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  and  practiced  law;  removed  td 
Illinois  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that 
State  in  1856;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 


292 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Lattimer,  Henry  ;  was  born  at  Newport,  Dela 
ware,  April  24,  1752;  studied  medicine  at  Philadel 
phia  and  at  Edinburgh,  and  practiced,  on  his  return 
from  the  latter  place,  until  1777,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Surgeon  of  the  Flying  Hospital;  after  the 
war  returned  home,  and  practiced  until  1794;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1793  to  1795; 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1801,  when  he 
resigned.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  December  19,  1819. 

Lattimore,  William;  was  born  at  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  February  9,  1774,  where  he  received  a 
limited  education;  studied  medicine;  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Mississippi;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  that  Territory  from  1803  to  1807,  and  from  1813 
to  1817;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  first  Constitution  of  Mississippi;  after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life.  Died  April  3,  1843. 

Laurance,  John ;  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Cornwall,  England,  in  1750;  emigrated  to  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1767;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1772;  in  1775  was  commissioned  in  the 
First  New  York  Regiment,  and  served  to  the  end  of 
the  Revolutionary  War,  his  several  grades  having 
been  Aid-de-camp  to  his  relative,  Colonel  McDougal, 
Judge  Advocate,  and  General,  in  which  latter  capacity 
he  conductor!  the  court-martial  called  to  try  Major 
Andre;  in  1783  esumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  New  York;  in  1785  and  1786  was  a  member  of  the 
First  Congress;  in  1789  was  elected  a  State  Senator, 
and  during  that  year  was  elected,  by  a  five-sixths 
vote,  a  Representative  in  the  Federal  Congress,  serv 
ing  from  1789  to  1793;  was  appointed,  by  Washington, 
in  1794,  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for 
New  York;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1796  to 
1800,  serving  for  a  short  time  as  President  pro  tern,  of 
that  body,  when  he  resigned  and  retired  to  private 
life.  Died  in  1810. 

Laurens,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  an  early  opponent  of  Great  Britain;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Carolina  Congress  of  1775,  and  elected  its 
president;  was  Vice-President  under  the  temporary 
Constitution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1777  to  1780,  and  chosen  President  of  that 
body  during  the  former  year;  signed  the  Articles  of 
Confederation;  in  1780  was  sent  abroad  to  negotiate 
a  loan  with  Holland,  but,  having  been  captured  by  a 
British  vessel  oft'  Newfoundland,  was  sent  to  England 
and  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  for  more  than  a  year, 
for  high  treason;  the  papers  taken  from  his  person 
caused  a  war  between  England  and  Holland;  he  peti 
tioned  Parliament  for  a  release,  and  when  set  at 
liberty  went  to  Paris,  where  he  signed  the  prelimin 
aries  of  peace  in  1782,  as  a  Commissioner  appointed 
by  Congress;  returned  to  America  in  1783.  Died  in 
Charleston  in  1792,  in  the  sixty -ninth  year  of  his  age. 

Law,  John ;  was  born  in  New  London,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1796;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1814; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut  in  1817;  soon  after 
wards  emigrated  to  the  new  State  of  Indiana,  locating 
at  Vincennes;  soon  after  arriving  in  the  West  was 
elected  a  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  in  1823  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature;  was  again  elected  Attorney 
for  his  district,  and  held  that  position  until  promoted 
to  a  Judgeship,  which  oflice  he  held  by  re-elections 
f.»r  eight  years;  in  18:18  was  :i'»nointcd,  by  President 
"Van  Buren,  Receiver  o!'  I'.iai.c  .vl.m^ys  ;<t  Vimermes. 
holding  the  oiliro  lour  yc.irs:  i  i  1*V,  \\-  is  a;»]»  .inn-  ! 
l>y  President  PUTCC.  .)  .!...»:  <»;'  tin-  ''Ooin-i  of  Land 
t.luimv'  to  adjudicate  the  claims  of  the  old  inli.iin- 
i  Indiana  and  Illinois,  ;iiul  was  re -a pinnated 


in  1856;  subsequently  removed  to  Evansville,  where 
he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  I860 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  Library  and  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Revolutionary 
Pensions,  and  the  Select  Committee  on  Emigration; 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pensions,  he  drew 
up  and  reported  the  bill  giving  to  the  soldiers  of  the 
Revolution,  twelve  only  surviving,  one  hundred  dol-' 
lars  per  annum,  which  bill  passed  unanimously;  was 
partial  to  historical  studies,  and  was  President  of  the 
State  Historical  Society  of  Indiana  until  his  entrance 
into  Congress;  like  Mr.  Charles  F.  Adains,  Mr.  John 
Law  can  mention  the  fact,  with  excusable  pride,  that 
his  father  and  his  grandfather  both  served  their 
country  as  members  of  Congress;  Amasa  Learned, 
who  was  his  grandfather  on  his  mother's  side,  was  in 
the  first  Congress  that  sat  under  the  Constitution. 
Died  at  Evausville,  Indiana,  October  7,  1873. 

Law,  Jonathan;  was  bom  in  Milford,  Con 
necticut,  August  6,  1674;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1695;  studied  law,  and  began  to  practice 
in  Milford  in  1698;  in  1706  was  made  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  Justice  of  the  Quorum  in  1710;  Chief  Judge 
in  1714;  Assistant  Judge  from  1717  until  chosen 
Deputy-Governor  in  1725;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  from  1725  to  1741,  and 
Governor  from  May,  1741,  until  his  death,  which  oc-, 
curred  November  6,  1750. 

Law,  Lyman ;  was  born  at  New  London,  Con 
necticut,  August  19,  1770;  graduated  at  Yale  College, 
in  1791;  studied  law  with  his  father,  Richard  Law 
(who  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress), 
and  practiced  at  New  London;  after  serving  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  and  being  Speaker  of  t he- 
House  of  Representatives,  was  elected  to  Congress 
and  served  from  1811  to  1817.  Died  in  New  London, 
February  3,  1842. 

Law,  Richard. ;  was  born  at  Milford.  Connecti 
cut,  March  17,  1733;  graduated  at  Yale  College  ii> 
1751;  studied  law,  and  practiced  in  New  London,  at 
taining  the  highest  eminence  in  his  profession;  was 
President  Judge  of  the  County  Court,  and  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continen 
tal  Congress  from  1777  to  1778,  and  also  from  1781  to 
1784;  after  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Janu 
ary  26,  1806,  at  New  London,  Connecticut;  was  a 
personal  friend  of  Washington;  was  long  Mayor  of 
New  London,  and,  with  Roger  Sherman,  revised  the 
Code  of  Connecticut;  was  the  sou  of  Jonathan  Law, 
one  of  the  Colonial  Governors. 

Lawler,  Frank;    was  born  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  June  25,  1842;  attended  a  public  school  until 
thirteen  years  of  age,  when,  owing  to  a  serious  acci 
dent  which  befell  his  father,  he  was  compelled  to  i 
leave  school  and  seek  employment  in  a  brick-yard, 
where  he  continued  to  labor  for  two  years;  was  a 
news-agent  on  railroads  for  three  years;  learned  the; 
trade  oi  a  ship-builder;  settled  in  Chicago,  Illinois; 
was  elected   PresMo.nt  of  the  Ship-carpenters'  audj 
S'-iip-caulkor.-'    As  .ua^ition  :    Itecune  a^cnt    lor   the 

1 1',  .Ichi  .//).'»,  ..,/'.<  Aitr.H'iin  ;  from  1-65)  to  1SV7  hcH  :v 
position  in  t'u1  ('iiic.iMO  l/ost  oniri.1:  v  a>  «•!(•<  U\!  :i 
nr.-mbero  Mi"  C'licij.>  Cily  ouunc.l  in  A  ;>..!.  is.o.1 
a. i  1  \vas  n'-c'ecU'ii  i;i  Is.rf.  'iSrSJ,  IbHi  an  I  lss|;  i'n 

I.Si'H  ciig  i •-,<•  i  i:t  l).isine>s  iu-i  a  li(|iao  •  niiMvii  ml;  \v:i-i 
r.cttred  u  Kejir'vstj.iUiLivc  i;\>.;i  liiiiiuU  to  t.:j  «.X»i\y- 
niuth  CoMg.vss. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


293 


Lawler,  Joab  ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  June 
12,  1796;  was  educated  for  the  ministry,  and  became 
a  clergyman  of  the  Baptist  Church;  in  1826  was 
elected  to  the  Lower  House  of  the  Alabama  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  re-elected  until  1831,  in  which  year  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1832  was  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  for  the  Coosa  Land  Dis 
trict,  and  held  the  office  until  1835;  in  1833  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  University  of  Alabama;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from 
1835  to  1838.  Died  in  Washington,  May  8,  1838, 
during  the  first  session  of  his  second  term. 

Lawrence,  Abbott ;  was  born  in  Groton,  Mas 
sachusetts,  December  16,  1792;  his  education  was 
obtained  at  a  district  school  aod  at  Groton  Academy; 
in  1808  went  to  Boston,  and  became  a  clerk  in  the 
store  of  his  brother  Amos;  in  1814  was  admitted  as 
a  partner  in  the  business,  and  for  many  years  the 
twain  prosecuted  a  very  extensive  importing  busi- 
nesss,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  their  several  for 
tunes;  Abbott  was  the  traveling  partner,  and  visited 
Europe  a  number  of  times;  subsequently  became  one 
of  the  foremost  men  in  building  up  American  manu 
factures,  and  the  nourishing  city  of  Lawrence  was 
the  offspring  of  his  enterprise;  in  1827  was  a  Dele- 
ate  to  the  "  Harrisburg  Convention  ";  served  in  the 
Common  Council  of  Boston  in  1831;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1837,  and  again 
in  1839  and  1840;  in  1842  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  to  arrange  the  North-eastern  Boundary  Ques 
tion;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844;  in  1849  was 
invited,  by  President  Taylor,  into  his  Cabinet,  but 
declined;  subsequently  accepted  the  appointment  of 
Minister  to  England,  where  he  acquitted  himself 
with  credit;  founded  a  scientific  school  at  Cambridge, 
.and  his  gifts  and  bequests  to  various  charitable  and 
religions  societies  proved  him  to  be  a  man  of  many 
noble  qualities.  Died  in  Boston  August  18,  1855. 

Lawrence,  Cornelius  Van  Wyck ;  was  born 
in  Flushing,  Long  Island,  February  28,  1791;  passed 
his  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm,  and  acquired  a  good 
English  education;  on  arriving  at  the  age  of  man 
hood,  removed  to  New  York  City;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from.  New  York  City  from  1832  to 
1834;  for  two  years  succeeding  was  Mayor  of  the  city 
of  New  York;  in  1836  was  President  of  the  Electoral 
College;  for  twenty  years  held  the  honorable  posi 
tion  of  President  of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  New 
York ;  among  other  positions  of  trust  and  responsi 
bility  which,  with  the  above,  have  tended  to  give 
him  a  high  reputation,  may  be  mentioned  the  follow 
ing:  Director  of  the  Branch  Bank  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Bank  of  America,  Trustee  of  the  New 
York  Life  and  Trust  Company,  and  of  numerous  Fire 
and  Marine  Insurance  Companies;  in  1856  ill-health 
compelled  him  to  retire  from  business,  and  he  spent 
the  closing  years  of  his  life  in  peace,  on  the  spot 
•where  his  ancestors  resided  for  two  hundred  years. 
Died  at  Flushing,  February  20,  1861. 

Lawrence,  George  V.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  181"*;  received  a  lib 
eral  education;  devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pur 
suits;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1844, 
1847.  1858,  and  1859,  and  to  the  State  Senate  in  1848, 
1849,  1850,  1851,  and  1860,  officiating  as  Speaker 
•during  the  last  term;  frequently  served  in  the  Con 
ventions  of  the  State;  in  1864  was  ejected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
•Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture 
.and  Invalid  Pensions;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  ''Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 


Committee  on  the  Post  Office;  was  again  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Lawrence,  Albert  Gallatin;  was  born  in 
New  York  City,  April  14,  1836;  was  educated  at  the 
Charlier  Institute,  New  York,  the  Anglo-American 
Academy,  Vevay,  Switzerland,  and  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  graduating  from  the  latter  institution  in 
1857;  studied  law  at  the  Harvard  Law  School;  waa 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860;  went,  as  Secretary  of 
Legation,  to  Vienna,  Austria;  returned  in  1861  and 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
Fifty-fourth  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers;  waa 
soon  transferred  to  staff  duty;  was  promoted  to  Cap 
tain,  and  led  the  "forlorn  hope"  at  the  capture  ol 
Fort  Fisher;  received  five  bullet  wounds  during  the 
assault;  for  his  conspicuous  gallantry  on  this  occa 
sion  received  four  brevets;  as  a  result  of  his  wounds 
one  arm  was  amputated;  after  the  close  of  the  war, 
was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Costa  Rica; 
while  there  took  umbrage  at  the  disparaging  com 
ments  of  an  attache  of  the  Prussian  Legation  upon 
the  United  States,  and  challenged  him  to  fight  a 
duel;  after  the  Prussian  had  fired,  without  effect, 
General  Lawrence  fired  in  the  air;  on  his  return  to 
the  United  States,  engaged  in  literary  pursuits. 
Died  in  New  York  City,  January  1,  1887. 

Lawrence,  John  W.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  two  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  from 
Queen's  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1645  to  1847. 

Lawrence,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1788;  served  for  nine  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  two  sessions  as  Speaker;  one  year 
as  State  Treasurer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1841  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  April  17,  1842 

Lawrence,  Philip  K.;  was  a  citizen  of  Louisi 
ana;  about  the  year  1838  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  two  judicial  districts  of  Louisiana,  re 
siding  at  New  Orleans. 

Lawrence,  Samuel;  waa  born  in  New  York; 
served  seven  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  waa 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1823  to  1825. 

Lawrence,  Sidney;  was  born  in  Vermont;  re 
moved  to  New  York;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1849. 

Lawrence,  William ;  was  born  in  Washington, 
Guernsey  County,  Ohio,  September  2,  1814;  gradu 
ated  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  Septem 
ber,  1835;  engaged  in  mercantile  and  agricultural 
pursuits;  served  in  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1843;  waa 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  Ohio  in  1850  and  1851 ;  State 
Senator  in  1856  and  1857;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department. 

Lawrence,  "William ;  was  born  at  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  Jelferson  County,  Ohio,  June  26,  1819;  grad 
uated  at  Franklin  College,  Ohio,  in  1838;  taught 
school  for  a  time,  and  in  1840  graduated  with  the  de 
gree  of  LL.B.  in  the  Law  Department  of  Cincinnati 
College,  coming  to  the  bar  in  that  year;  for  one  year 
was  a  reporter  and  correspondent  at  Columbus  for 
the  Ohio  State  Journal,  and  other  papers;  in  1842  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Bankrupts  for  Logan 
County;  in  1845  was  made  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the  same  county,  resigning  in  one  year;  from  1845  *o 


2D4 


A  I  O  G  R  A  P  H  I C  A  L     ANNALS. 


1847  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Logan  Gazette; 
in  1846  and  1847  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
18 18  was  a  member  of  the  Senate;  in  1851  was  elected 
Reporter  for  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  in  1853 
•was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  Ohio  Free  Banking  Law;  in  1856  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 
five  years;  re-elected  in  1861,  but  resigned  in  1864. 
when  lie  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  during  a  part  of  his  legal 
career  was  editor  of  the  Wextern  Law  Monthly;  in 
1862  was  Colonel  of  the  Eighty-fourth  Ohio  Volun 
teers  for  three  months;  in  1863  President  Lincoln 
tendered  him  a  Judgeship  in  Florida,  which  he  de 
clined;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ''Loyal 
ists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth,  Forty-first,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses;  received  from  Franklin  College  the  degree,  of 
A.  M.  and  LL.D.,  and  from  Wittenberg  College  the 
degree  of  LL.D. ;  in  1880  was  appointed  First  Comp- 


•vol  nines  of  decisions  as  Comptroller,  besides  a  great 
number  of  judicial  decisions,  and  speeches  upon  lit 
erary  and  political  topics,  which,  if  collected,  would 
make  several  volumes;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  Ohio 
Wesleyau  University. 

Lawrence,  "William  Beach ;  was  born  in  New 
York  City,  October  23,  1800;  graduated  at  Columbia 
College  in  1818;  after  a  course  of  legal  and  historical 
study  at  Paris,  he  became  a  counselor  of  the  New 
York  Supreme  Court  in  18:23;  Secretary  of  Legation 
at  London  in  1826;  C/iarye  d' Affaires  in  1827  and 
1828;  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1851 
and  1852,  and  for  a  portion  of  the  time  acting  Gov 
ernor;  was  the  author  of  an  Address  before  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  18:26;  of  a  translation 
of  Marbois'  History  of  Louisiana,  with  Essavs  and 
Notes,  in  1830;  Discourse  before  the  New  York  His 
torical  Society  in  1832,  of  which  society  he  was  Vice- 
President  from  1836  to  1845;  "Two  Lectures  on  Po 
litical  Economy"  in  1832;  "Bank  of  the  United 
States"  in  1831;  "  Inquiry  into  the  Causes  of  Pub 
lic  Distress  "  in  1834;  "History  of  the  Northeastern 
Boundary  Negotiations  "  in  1841;  "Memoir  of  Al 
bert  Gallatin,''  1843;  also,  the  same  year,  of  "Colo 
nization  and  History  of  New  Jersey,"  1843-  "The 
Law  of  Charitable  Uses,"  1845;  Lives  of  Reuben 
Walcott  and  Charles  O'Connor  in  1848;  "  Maine 
Law  Speech  in  the  Rhode  Island  Senate,"  1852; 
''Visitation  and  Search,"  1858;  an  edition  of  "Whea- 
ton's  Internal  Law  with  Additional  Notes,"  1855; 
and  contributed  to  many  journals  and  periodicals' 
was  also  Professor  of  the  Law  of  Nations  in  Columbia 
College,  Washington;  was  made  LL.D.  bv  Brown 
University,  and  Doctor  of  Civil  Law  by  the  Univere- 
ity  of  New  York;  in  1873  received  a  fee  of  forty 
thousand  dollars  for  arguing  the  case  of  the  Circas 
sian  before  Joint  High  Commissioners  in  Washing 
ton.  Died  March  26,  1881. 

Lawrence,  "William  T.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  May  7,  1788;  was  bred  a  merchant,  and  con- 
ttinued  such  until  called  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  War  of  1812,  as  a  Militia  Captain  of 
Artillery;  in  1823  removed  to  Cayuga  County.  New 
York,  and  settled  on  a  farm;  in  1838  was  chosen 
County  Judge;  from  1847  to  1849  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress;  also  served  as  Delegate  to  several 
nominating  Conventions. 

Lawrence,  "William  "W.;  was  an  early  emi 
grant  to  Florida;  wa-s  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
.States  District  Court  of  that  State. 


Lawson,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Montgomery. 
New  York,  February  18,  1816;  was  educated  at  this 
schools  of  his  native  village;  was  a  merchant  in  New 
Vork  for  more  than  twenty-five  years,  and  retired 
from  business  in  1868;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Na 
tional  Republican  Conventions  of  1868  and  1872;  de 
clined  public  office  until  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Af 
fairs. 

Lawyer,  Thomas;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  from  Schoharie  County,  in  1816;  was 
n  R-Mir»«""it'itive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1817  to  1819. 

Lay,  Alfred  Morrison ;  was  born  in  Lewis 
County,  Missouri,  May  20,  1836;  in  1842  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Beuton  County;  received  tin; 
rudiments  of  his  education  at  private  schools,  and 
graduated  from  Bethany  College,  Virginia,  in  Is5<>; 
studied  law  at  Jefferson  City,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1857;  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  United  States  Attorney  for  the  Western 
District  of  Missouri;  resigned  in  1861,  and  entered 
the  Confederate  Army;  served  throughout  the  war, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  Major;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1875;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress.  Died  December  9,  1879. 

Lay,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
liberally  educated;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1833  to  1837;  a. 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  from  Genesee 
County  in.  1840;  in  1842  was  appointed  Chanje 
/'Affaires  to  Sweden  by  President  Tyler.  Died  at 
Batavia,  New  York,  October  21,  1800. 

Lazear,  Jesse;  was  born  in  Greene  Comity. 
Pennsylvania,  December  12,  1804;  received  his  early 
education  from  his  parents,  and  worked  on  a  farm 
until  he  became  of  age;  served  as  a  Clerk  in  the  Re 
corder's  office;  in  1829  and  1832  was  appointed  Reg 
ister  and  Recorder  for  his  county;  from  that  timo 
until  1864  held  the  position  of  Cashier  of  the  Farm 
ers'  and  Drovers'  Bank  of  Waynesburg;  in  l,S;iU  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims,  and  Chairman  of  that  on 
Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  in  1862  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures,  and  again  on 
that  relating  to  Public  Buildings;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Convention" 
of  1866. 

Lea,  John  M.;  was  a  native  of  Tennessee;  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  that  State. 

Lea,  Luke;  was  born  in  Surry  County,  North 
Carolina,  January  26,  1782;  removed,  at  an  early 
age,  with  his  father,  to  Tennessee,  where  he  was,  for 
several  years,  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives; 
served  gallantly  in  Florida  and  in  the  Creek  country 
under  General  Jackson  in  the  Indian  wars;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee,  from 
1833  to  1837;  for  thirty  years  discharged  the  duties 
of  Cashier  of  the  State  Bank,  and  Register  of  the 
State  Land  OHice  of  Tennessee;  in  1849  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Indian  Agent  of  the 
Fort  Leavenworth  Agency,  and  was  highly  esteemed 
by  the  Indians  under  his  charge.  He  was  returning 
to  his  residence,  after  making  the  Indian  payments, 
of  his  agency,  when  he  was  killed  by  a  fall  from  his, 
hoir.e,  June  17,  K51. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


2!'5 


Lea,  Luke ;  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  a 
son  of  the  member  of  Congress  bearing  the  same 
name;  in  July,  1850,  was  appointed,  from  Missis 
sippi.  Commissioner  of  Indian  A  Hairs,  and  held  the 
ollice  until  March,  1853. 

Lea,  Pryor;  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ten 
nessee,  in  1794;  was  educated  at  Greenville  College; 
studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817; 
served  with  General  Jackson  in  the  Creek  War  in 
1813;  was  Clerk  of  the  Legislature  in  1816;  United 
States  District  Attorney  in  1824;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Tennessee,  from  1827  to  1831": 
in  1837  removed  to  Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  in 
1847  to  Goliad,  Texas;  he  projected  the  work  called 
the  "Central  Transit.''  for  b.iilding  a  railroad  from 
Arkansas  Bay  to  Mazatlan,  and  was  President  of  the 
Company. 

Leach,  De  "Witt  C.;  was  born  in  Clarence,  Erie 
County,  New  York,  November  23,  1822;  was  sell- 
educated;  was  bred  a  fanner;  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Michigan  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution 
in  1850;  was  State  Librarian  in  1855  and  1856;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty -lifth  Congress 
from  Michigan,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
teeon  Revisal  and  Unfinished  Business;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Leach,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Landsdowne. 
Randolph  County,  North  Carolina;  received  a  classical 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1842;  served  ten  years  in  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  in  1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1850 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  served  in  the 
Confederate  Army,  and  wa.s  in  the  Confederate  Con 
gress;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  after  the  Re 
bellion;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses. 

Leadbetter,  D.  P.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
removed  to  Ohio:  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Leake,  Shelton  F.;  was  born  in  Albemarle 
County,  Virginia,  November  30,  1812;  received  a 
good  English  education;  taught  for  three  years  an 
"old  field  school  ";  studied  law,  and  in  his  twenty- 
fifth  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1*42  was  elected 
to  the  Virginia  House  ot  Delegates;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1845  to  1847; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1849;  in  1851  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Virginia;  was  a  candi 
date  for  Governor,  in  1854,  but  was  defeated;  in  1859 
was  elected  to  the  Federal  House  of  Representatives 
lor  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures;  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion. 

Leake,  "Walter ;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  War;  served  as  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1817  to  1820;  in  1821  was  elected  Governor  of 
Mississippi.  Died  at  Mount  Salus,  Hinds  County, 
Mississippi,  November  17,  1825. 

Lear,  Tobias ;  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire.  September  19,  1762;  graduated  from 
Harvard  University  in  1783,  became  Private  Secretary 
to  General  Washington  in  1785,  and  was  liberally  re 
membered  by  him  in  his  will;  in  1801  was  Consul- 
General  at  St.  Domingo;  from  1804  to  1812  was  Con 
sul-General  at  Algiers,  and  commissioner  to  conclude 


a  peace  with  Tripoli:  the  latter  duty  he  performed  in 
1805,  much  to  the  dissatisfaction  of  General  Eaton, 
who  was  gaining  important  advantages  over  tie 
Tripolitaus;  Lear's  conduct  was  approved  by  his 
government,  although  censured  by  a  portion  of  the 
public:  at  the  time  of  his  decease  he  was  an  account 
ant  in  the  War  Department.  Died  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  October  10,  1816. 

Learned,  Amasa  ;  was  born  at  Killingly,  Con 
necticut,  November  15,  1750;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1772;  studied  theology,  but  soon  aban 
doned  it  as  a  proi'ession;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States;  served  in  the  State  Assembly  several  terms; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut 
from  1801  to  1805:  in  1818  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention. 

Leary,  Cornelius  L.;  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland.  October  22,  1813;  was  educated  at  St. 
Mary's  College  in  that  city;  in  1835  engaged  in 
business  in  Louisville,  Kentucky;  returned  to  Balti 
more  in  1837;  in  1838  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the 
Maryland  Assembly;  in  1847 came  to  the  bar;  in  1856 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1861,  at  a  special 
election,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

Leaverrworth,  Elias  "Warner ;  was  born  at 
Canaan,  New  York,  December  20,  1803;  removed  to 
Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts,  at  two  years  of 
age;  first  received  an  academic  education,  then  en 
tered  Williams  College  in  1820;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1824;  studied  law  with  William  Cullen 
Bryant,  and  at  Litchfield  Law  School;  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1827;  settled  at  Syracuse;  was  com 
pelled  by  bronchitis  to  abandon  his  profession  in 
1850:  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1835; 
in  1836  was  appointed  Brigadier-General  of  the  State 
Artillery;  was  President  of  the  village  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  in  1846  and  1847;  Supervisor  in  1839  and 
1840;  Mayor  of  Syracuse  from  1849  to  1859;  member 
of  the  Legislature  from  1850  to  1857;  Secretary  of 
State  in  1854  and  1855;  in  1860  was  President  of  the 
State  Convention;  in  1861  was  Commissioner  under 
the  Convention  with  New  Granada;  in  1865  was 
President  of  the  Board  to  locate  the  State  Asylum 
for  the  Blind,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  Asylum  for 
Idiots:  in  1867  was  elected  a  Trustee  for  Hamilton 
College,  but  being  a  Regent  was  ineligible;  in  1872 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Hamilton  College; 
held  various  important  local  positions,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
lourth  Congress. 

Leavitt,  Humphrey  H.;  was  born  in  Suffield, 
Connecticut,  in  June,  1796;  at  an  early  day  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  the  Western  Reserve,  of  Ohio;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature, — in  the  House  in 
1825  and  1826,  and  in  the  Senate  in  1827;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1831  to  1834;  was  for 
many  years  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Ohio; 
having  been  appointed,  bv  President  Jackson,  in 
1834. 

Le  Blond,  Francis  C.;  was  born  in  Ohio,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1851  wag 
elected  for  two  years  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  re- 
elected  in  1853.  and  served  as  Speaker  of  that  body; 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  tc 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  re-elected  to  the 


396 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs  and  Expenditures  on  the  Public  Build 
ings. 

Lecompte,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Wpodford 
County,  Kentucky;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1825  to  1833. 

Lecompte,  Samuel  D.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Kansas,  and  took  a  lead 
ing  part  in  the  affairs  of  that  Territory. 

Le  Due,  "William  G.;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin ; 
was  commissioner  of  Agriculture,  at  Washington, 
from  1877  to  1881. 

Lee,  Arthur;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1740; 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  where 
he  pursued  the  study  of  medicine;  while  pursuing 
the  study  of  law  in  the  Temple,  in  London,  rendered 
important  services  to  his  country  by  obtaining  infor 
mation  bearing  upon  the  Revolution;  in  1775  acted 
as  an  agent  for  his  native  State,  and  presented  to  the 
king  the  second  petition  of  Congress;  from  1776  to 
1779  was  Minister  to  France,  and  negotiated  an  im 
portant  treaty;  performed  the  duties  of  Commis 
sioner  to  Spain  in  1777;  resided  in  Prussia  for  a  time 
in  a  semi-official  capacity,  and  did  much  there  to 
help  the  American  cause;  in  1781  was  elected  to  the 
Assembly  of  Virginia,  but  was  immediately  chosen  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1785;  before  the  expiration  of  his  term 
in  Congress  was  delegated  to  make  several  treaties 
with  the  Indians  on  the  Northern  frontier ;  soon  after 
leaving  Congress  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  which  office  he  held  until  1789.  Died  in 
1792.  He  stood  high  as  a  man  of  integrity  and 
patriotism.  His  life  was  published  in  1829  by  R.  H. 
Lee,  and  his  Public  Letters  were  published  in 
Sparks'  Diplomatic  Correspondence. 

Lee,  Charles  ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  gradu 
ated  at  the  College  of  New  Jersey  in  1775;  was  Secre 
tary  of  an  important  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the 
Continental  Congress;  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  appointed, 
by  Washington,  to  succeed  William  Bradford  as  At 
torney-General  of  the  United  States  in  1795,  serving 
until  1801;  was  subsequently  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Fourth  Circuit,  but  de 
clined  the  office.  Died  in  Farquhar  County,  Vir 
ginia,  June  24,  1815,  aged  fifty-seven  years;  was  the 
brother  of  General  Henry  Lee. 

Lee,  Fitzhugh ;  was  born  at  Clermont,  Fairfax 
County,  Virginia,  November  19,  1835;  his  early  edu 
cation  was  acquired  from  private  tutors;  at  the  age 
of  sixteen  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  at  the  West 
Point  Military  Academy;  in  1856  he  graduated  from 
that  institution  and  was  commissioned  a  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  Second  United  States  Cavalry;  in 
1859  and  1860,  in  engagements  with  Indians  on  the 
Western  frontier,  he  displayed  conspicuous  gallantry 
and  was  severely  wounded;  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Civil  War  resigned  his  commission  and  joined 
the  Confederate  Army;  was,  at  once,  appointed  Ad 
jutant-General  of  a  brigade;  in  September,  1861,  was 
commissioned  a  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  soon  after 
wards  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy;  in  July,  1862,  was 
made  a  Brigadier-General;  in  1863  was  commissioned 
a  Major-General;  in  1885  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
State  of  Virginia. 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot;  was  born  in  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia,  October  14,  1734;  was 


the  brother  of  Richard  Henry  Lee;  was  well  edu 
cated  by  private  tutors;  in  1765  and  1766  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Burgesses,  and  was  a  strong  advocate 
of  equal  rights:  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1775  to  1780;  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  and  also  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion;  served  in  the  State  Legislature.  Died  April, 
1797. 


Lee,  Gideon;  was  born  in  Amherst,  Massachu- 
setts,  in  1777;  in  early  life  removed  to  the  city  of 
New  York,  where  he  became  a  leather  merchant,  and 
amassed  a  large  fortune;  was,  at  one  time,  Mayor  of 
New  York;  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  during  the  years  1836  and  1837.  Died  at 
Geneva,  New  York,  August  21,  1841. 

Lee,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  January  29, 
1756;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1773;  in  1776 
was  appointed  a  Captain  of  Cavalry,  under  Colonel 
Bland,  and  in  September,  1777,  joined  the  main 
army;  his  skill  in  discipline  and  gallant  bearing  at 
tracted  the  notice  of  Washington,  and  he  was  soon 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major,  with  the  command 
of  a  separate  corps  of  cavalry;  then  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  from  1780  to  the  end  of 
the  war  he  served  under  Greene;  the  services  of  Lee's 
Legion  in  various  actions  were  very  important;  par 
ticularly  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  Guil- 
ford;  afterwards  succeeded  in  capturing  Fort  Corn- 
wallis  and  other  forts;  was  also  conspicuous  at  Nine 
ty-six,  and  at  the  Eutaw  Springs;  in  1786  was  ap 
pointed  a  Delegate  in  Congress  from  Virginia,  in 
which  body  he  remained  till  the  Constitution  was 
adopted,  having,  in  the  Convention  of  Virginia,  ad 
vocated  its  adoption;  in  1791  was  chosen  Governor  of 
Virginia,  and  remained  in  office  three  years;  by  ap 
pointment  of  President  Washington,  he  commanded 
the  forces  sent  to  suppress  the  \Yhisky  Insurrection 
in  Pennsylvania;  was  a  member  of  Congress  at  the 
period  of  Washington's  death,  in  1799,  and  was  ap 
pointed  by  Congress  to  deliver  a  eulogy  on  the  occa 
sion;  in  1801  retired  to  privute  life,  and  in  his  last 
years  was  distressed  with  pecuniary  embarrassments; 
in  1809,  while  confined  within  the  bounds  of  Spott- 
sylvauia  County,  for  debt,  he  wrote  his  valuable 
"Memoirs  of  the  Southern  Campaigns";  in  1812, 
during  the  attack  of  the  mob  at  Baltimore,  he  was 
one  of  the  defenders;  was  severely  wounded,  and  car 
ried  to  the  jail  for  safety;  returning  from  the  West 
Indies,  where  he  had  gone  for  health.  He  died  at  Cum 
berland  Island,  near  St.  Mary's,  Georgia,  March  25, 
1818.  His  exploits  during  the  Revolution  gained  for 
him  the  name  of  '•  Light  Horse  Harry  ";  he  was  the 
father  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee. 

Lee,  Henry  B.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Fifteenth  Congress,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat. 

Lee,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1823  to  1825. 

Lee,  Joshua;  was  born  in  New  York;  served 
three  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  state,  from  On 
tario  and  Yates  Counties;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1835  to  1837. 

Lee,  M.  Lindley ;  was  born  in  Minisink,  Orange 
County,  New  York,  May  29,  1805;  passed  his  boy 
hood  working  upon  a  farm  in  summer,  and  attending 
the  district  school  in  winter;  .when  sixteen  years  of 
age  commenced  an  academic  course  of  study,  and 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1827;  studied  medicine 
and  surgery,  and  in  1830  obtained  a  degree  from  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  Western  New 
York;  while  devoting  himself  to  his  profession,  waa 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


237 


appointed  Postmaster  of  Fulton,  Orange  County, 
New  York,  serving  from  1840  to  1844;  in  1846  and 
1847  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  New  York;  sub- 
jequently,  for  three  terms,  held  the  position  of  Com 
missioner  of  Loans  for  the  State;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1855;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  from  New 
York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New 
York  "Constitutional  Convention"  of  1867. 

Lee,  Richard  Bland  ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1789  to  1795; 
was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of 
Government  on  the  Potomac.  Died  iu  1827. 

Lee,  Richard  Henry ;  was  born  at  Stratford, 
Westmoreland  County,  Virginia,  January  20,  1732; 
was  educated  at  Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  England;  had 
a  seat  in  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia  in  1757, 
and  proposed  there,  in  1773,  the  formation  of  a  Com 
mittee  of  Correspondence;  had  the  honor  of  originat 
ing  the  first  resistance  to  British  oppression,  in  the 
time  of  the  Stamp  Act,  in  1765;  was  a  member  of  the 
First  Congress,  in  1774,  and  in  October  prepared  the 
draft  of  the  memorial  to  the  people  of  British  America; 
in  accordance  with  instructions  from  the  "Virginia 
Convention,"  he  first  proposed  in  Congress  a  Declara 
tion  of  Independence,  June  7,  1776,  and  a  Committee 
was  appointed  to  prepare  it;  was  a  signer  of  the 
adopted  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  of  the 
Articles  of  Confederation;  the  second  eloquent  ad 
dress  to  the  people  of  Great  Britain  was  drawn  up  by 
him;  after  the  adoption  of  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion  he  withdrew  from  Congress,  but  was  re-elected 
in  1784,  and  chosen  President  of  that  body,  serving 
till  1787;  contended  for  the  necessity  of  amendments 
to  the  Constitution  previously  to  its  adoption  in  1789; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1789  to 

1792,  serving  one  session  as  President  pro  tern,  of  that 
body;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on   the   Potomac;  he   was   the 
author  of  a  number  of  political  pamphlets,  and  his 
correspondence  was   published    in    1825.      Died  at 
Chantilly,  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia,   June  9, 
1794. 

Lee,  Silas;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1784;  served  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in 

1793,  1797,  and  1798;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1799  to  1802;  Judge 
of  Probate  from  1805  to  1814;  was,  for  some  years, 
Chief  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Adams,  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  Maine.     Died  in  1814. 

Lee,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  frqin  1833  to  1837.  Died  at  Port 
Elizabeth,  November  2,  1855. 

Lee,  Thomas;  was  born  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  December  1,  1769;  studied  and  practiced 
law;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature; 
State  Solicitor  in  1794;  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  in  1804;  Comptroller-General  until  1816; 
President  of  the  State  Bank  in  1817;  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  from  1823  until  his  death.  Died 
at  Charleston,  October  22,  1839. 

Lee,  Thomas  Ludwill ;  was  born  in  Stafford, 
Virginia,  about  1730;  held  a  conspicuous  position  as 
a  patriot  and  lawyer  during  the  Revolution:  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  of  the  Conven 
tions  of  July  and  December,  1775,  and  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Safety;  in  the  Convention  of  1776  was 
placed  on  the  Committee  to  draft  a  Declaration  of 


Rights,  and  a  plan  of  Government;  on  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  State  Government,  was  appointed  one  of 
the  five  Revisors,  and  one  of  the  five  Judges  of  the 
General  Court.  Died  before  the  close  of  the  Revolu 
tion.  He  was  the  second  of  the  brothers  so  famous 
during  the  Revolution. 

Lee,  Thomas  Sim;  was  born  in  1743;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Maryland  from  1779  to  1783;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1783  and  1784;  was 
again  Governor  from  1792  to  1794.  Died  in  1810. 

Lee,  William  ;  was  born  about  1737;  was  sent  to 
London  as  the  agent  of  Virginia,  and  became  a  mer 
chant  there;  being  a  zealous  Whig,  was  elected  Sheriff 
of  London  and  Middlesex  in  1773,  and  in  1775  an 
Alderman,  but  resigned  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  and  went  to  France;  heartily 
joined  his  brothers  in  maintaining  the  Revolutionary 
struggle  in  America,  and  communicated  important 
intelligence;  was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Commer 
cial  Agent  at  Nantes  in  January,  1777;  was  afterwards 
Minister  at  The  Hague,  and  was  United  States  Agent 
at  Vienna  and  Berlin,  but  was  recalled  early  in  1779; 
was  an  able  writer.  Died  at  Greenspring,  Virginia, 
June  27,  1795. 

Lee,  "William ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts;  in 
1817  was  appointed  Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 
being  the  first  incumbent  of  that  office,  in  which  he 
remained  until  1824,  when  he  was  appointed  Fourth 
Auditor,  which  position  he  retained  less  than  one 
year. 

Leedom,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Ohio,  December  20,  1847;  received  a  common  school 
education;  graduated  at  Smith's  Mercantile  College 
in  1868;  taught  school;  engaged  in  farming;  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1874, 
and  re-elected  in  1877;  was  a  member  of  the  Demo 
cratic  State  Committee  in  1879;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Leet,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1802; 
was  for  several  years  in  the  Senate  of  that  State;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1831.  Died 
at  Washington,  Pennsylvania,  June  10,  1844. 

Le  Fevre,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Shelby  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  Octobers,  1838;  was  educated  at  the  Miami 
University;  studied  law;  engaged  in  farming;  served 
in  the  Union  Army'from  1861  to  1865;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1865; 
in  1867  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  at  Nu 
remberg,  Germany;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth, 
and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Le  Fevre,  Joseph  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813. 

Lefferts,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention"  of 
1821;  a  State  Senator  from  1822  to  1825. 

Leffier,  Isaac  ;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  November,  1788;  was  educated  at 
Jefferson  College;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Wheel 
ing,  Virginia;  in  1817  was  elected  to  the  Virginia 
Legislature,  where  he  served  eight  years;  in  1827 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from 
1827  to  1829;  in  1832  was  again  elected  to  the  Vir 
ginia  Legislature;  in  1835  removed  to  Burlington, 
Iowa;  served  two  years  in  the  Legislature  of  Wis 
consin  Territory;  one  year  as  Speaker;  one  year  ia 


298 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  Legislature  of  Iowa;  in  1843  was  appointed  Mai 
shalof  Iowa;  in  1849  Register  of  the  Laud  Office  a 
Still  water,  but  declined;  in  1852  was  appointed  Re 
ceiver  of  the  same  office,  whence  he  was  removed  fo 
opinion's  sake. 

Leffler,  Shepherd  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
was  educated  for  the  law,  but  devoted  himself  t 
farming;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  low 
from  1840  to  1851;  in  1875  was  a  candidate  for  th 
office  of  Governor. 

Lsftwich,  Jabez  ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County 
Virginia,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  tha 
State  from  1821  to  1825. 

LefCwich,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Bedford  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  September  7,  1826;  graduated  at  th 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia  in  1850 
subsequently  settled  in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  as  ; 
merchant  and  cotton-factor;  in  1865  was  elected  i 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-nintl 
Congress,  taking  his  seat  near  the  close  of  the  first 
session  of  that  Congress,  and  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phil 
adelphia  "National  Union  Convention "  of  1866,  am 
to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868.  Died  at 
Lynchburg  in  June,  1870. 

Legara,  Hugh  Swinton ;  was  born  at  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  January  2,  1797;  graduated  at 
the  College  of  that  State  in  1814,  and  after  having 
studied  law  went  to  Europe,  where  he  remained 
until  1820,  occupied  with  the  pursuits  of  literature 
on  his  return  to  Charleston,  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  and  to  agricultural  pur 
suits;  in  1830  was  appointed  Attorney -General  of  the 
State,  and  was  the  principal  editor  of  the  Southern 
Review;  in  1832  was  appointed  Charge  (V Affaires  ol 
the  United  States  to  Belgium;  from  1837  to  1839  was 
a  Representative  of  his  native  State  in  Congress;  in 
1841  was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  and  also  Acting  Secre 
tary  of  State;  died  suddenly  at  Boston,  June  20, 
1843,  while  accompanying  the  President  in  his  jour 
ney  to  attend  the  Bunker  Hill  Celebration:  his  line 
taste  as  a  writer,  his  eminent  acquirements  as  a 
scholar,  and  his  learning  and  eloquence  as  a  lawyer, 
were  known  and  appreciated  throughout  the  Union' 
His  writings  were  collected  and  published  in  1846. 

Leggett,  Mortimer  D.;  was  born  in  Ithaca 
New  York,  April  19,  Iboi;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  Geauga  County,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of  sixteen- 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  settled  in 
Zanesville  in  1857;  was  Superintendent  of  Public 
Schools  until  1801,  when  he  raised  the  Seventy-eighth 
(Ohio  Infantry,  and  was  made  Colonel  in  1862;  was  at 
Fort  Donelson,  and  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  where  he 
was  wounded;  at  the  siege  of  Corinth  commanded  a 
brigade,  and  captured  Jackson,  Tennessee;  at  Boli 
var  repulsed  the  Rebels,  and  was  wounded;  was  ap 
pointed  Brigadier-General  in  1862 ;  was  severely 
wounded  at  Champion  Hills,  and  at  Vicksbur<>-  was 
in  the  battles  of  the  Atlanta  Campaign;  in  Sher 
man's  March  to  the  Sea  commanded  a  division-  was 
Brevet  Major-General  in  1864,  Major-General  in 
1865,  and  was  appointed  United  States  Commissioner 
of  Patents  in  1871. 

Lehlbach,  Herman ;  was  born  in  Baden,  Ger 
many,  July  3,  1845;  adopted  the  profession  of  a  Civil 
engineer;  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  set 
tled  at  Newark,  New  Jersey;  was  a  member  of  the 
.House  of  Assembly  of  New  Jersey  in  1884;  in  that 
year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
io  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 


Lehman,  "William  E.;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia.  August  21,  1822;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1843;  studied  law.  and  after 
practicing  with  success,  retired  from  the  bar  and 
traveled  in  Europe;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  an  Examiner  of  Post  Offices  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts;  his 
family  was  one  of  note  in  Dresden,  his  father  and 
grandfather  having  acquired  distinction  in  the  civil 
and  military  service;  in  1863  was  appointed  a  Pro 
vost  Marshal  in  Pennsylvania. 

Leib,  Michael ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1799  to  1806,  when 
he  resigned;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
1808  to  1814.  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Philadelphia;  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Pennsylvania  both  before  and  after  his  elec 
tion  to  Congress;  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1809.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  December  28,  1£C2, 
aged  sixty-three  years. 

Leib,  Owen  D.;  was  born  in  Schnylkill,  Penn 
sylvania;  was  the  youngestof  nine  brothers;  received 
a  common  school  and  classical  education;  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Medical 
Institution  in  Philadelphia;  practiced  his  profession 
in  Columbia  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1845  to  1847,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  War  Department.  Died  June  17,  1848. 

Leidy,  Paul  ;  was  born  in  Hemlock,  Columbia 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  21,  1813;  was  edu 
cated  at  a  common  school;  the  early  part  of  his  life 
was  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits;  from  the  age 
of  sixteen  to  twenty-four  he  followed  the  business  of 
i  tailor;  taught  school,  and  having  studied  law  at 
the  same  time,  practiced  that  profession;  was  for 
live  years  District  Attorney  for  Montour  County; 
tor  a  short  time  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools 
or  the  same  county;  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  serving 
is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ro'ads  and  Canals. 

Leigh,  Benjamin  Watkins;  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1782;  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  men  of 
lis  State;  well  known  as  a  lawyer  and  public  man- 
Vom  1829  to  1841  was  a  Reporter  of  the  State;  was 
requently  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates;  was 
i  member  of  the  Convention  of  1830  for  revising  the 
tate  Constitution;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  Trom 
1834  to  1837.  Died  at  Richmond,  February  2,  1S40. 

Leiper,  George  G-.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Jongress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Leitsr,  Benjamin  F. ;  was  born  in  Leitersbure 
Vashington  County,  Maryland,  October  13,  1813- 
vas  chiefly  educated  by  his  father;  taught  school  in 
Maryland  from  1830  to  1834;  removed  to  Ohio  and 
aught  there  until  1842,  after  which  he  was  admit- 
ed  to  the  bar,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of 
aw,  in  which  he  was  successful;  was  elected  to  the 
)hio  Legislature  in  1848,  and  was  chosen  temporary 
'hairman,  by  the  Democrats,  acting  as  such  thromrh- 
ut  the  long  contest  of  that  year  between  his  party 
ml  the  Whigs,  which  is  now  spoken  of  in  Ohio  as 
he  days  of  the  Revolution";  in  1849  was  re- 
lected,  and  chosen  Speaker:  in  1854  was  elected  to 
'ongress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress 
erving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 
utairs. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


293 


Le  Moyne,  J.  V.;  was  born  in  Washington  Coun 
ty.  Pennsylvania,  in  1828;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  gradual  ing  from  Washington  College  in  1847; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  in  1852;  removed  to  Chicago, 
Illinois,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law;  was  de 
feated  as  a  candidate  tor  the  Forty-third  Congress; 
successfully  contested  the  seat  of  C.  B.  Farwell  as  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Lent,  James;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1829  to  18153,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Department 
of  State.  Died  in  Washington,  February  24,  1833. 

Leonard,  Georg-e  ;  was  born  in  Boston,  July  4, 
1729;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1748;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1789  to  1793,  and  from  1795  to  1797;  was  a  man  of 
great  wealth;  for  his  learning  was  made  a  Doctor  of 
Laws.  Died  at  Newton,  Massachusetts,  July  26, 
1819.  His  descendants  are  numerous,  and  many  of 
them  distinguished. 

Leonard,  John  Edwards  ;  was  born  in  Ches 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania,  September  22.  1845;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1867;  studied 
the  civil  law  in  Germany  and  received,  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Heidelberg,  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  settled 
in  Louisiana  and  practiced  law;  was,  fora  time,  Dis 
trict  Attorney:  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-lift h  Congress.  Died 
March  15,  1878. 

Leonard,  Moses  G-.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1843  to  1845;  was,  for  several  years,  Commis 
sioner  of  Emigration  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

Leonard,  Stephen  B.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841. 

Leslie,  Preston  H.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Kentucky.  March  2,  1819;  was  left  an  orphan  at  an 
early  age,  and  became  a  cart-driver  in  Louisville,  at 
the  age  of  thirteen:  from  this  and  similar  positions, 
he  succeeded  in  earning  a  living;  studied  law,  and 
began  to  practice  in  Monroe  County,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two:  represented  that  county  in  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1844  and  1850;  was  State  Senator  from  1851 
to  1855;  removed  to  Barren  County;  was  again  Sena 
tor  from  1867  to  1871;  in  1869  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  Senate,  and  acted  as  Lieutenant-Governor;  in 
1871  was  elected  Governor  for  four  years,  by  the  re 
markable  majority  of  37,156. 

Letcher,  John  ;  was  born  in  Lexington,  Rock- 
bridge  County,  Virginia,  March  28,  1813;  commenced 
his  classical  studies  at  Washington  College,  and 
completed  his  education  at  Randolph  Macon  College: 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1839;  during  that  year  established  in 
Lexington,  and  for  a  time  edited,  the  Valley  Star; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1849;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  Reforming  the  Constitution  of 
Virginia  in  1850;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  generally  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  Governor 
of  Virginia  from  1860  to  1864.  Died  at  home,  in 
Lexington,  Virginia,  January  26,  1884. 


Letcher,  Robert  P.;  was  born  in  Goochlancl 
County,  Virginia;  received  a  good  education ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  served  a  number  of  year* 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  at  one  time  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1823  to  1835;  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1837;  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1840  to  1844;  in. 
1849  was  appointed  Minister  to  Mexico.  Died  in 
Frankfort,  Kentucky,  January  24,  1861. 

Levin,  Lewis  C.;  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  November  10,  1808;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  South  Caro 
lina;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  practiced 
in  Maryland,  Louisiana,  Kentucky,  and  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1845  to  1851,  generally  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  to  him  is  generally 
awarded  the  credit  of  having  founded  the  Native 
American  Party.  Died'  in  Philadelphia,  March  14, 
1860. 

Levy,  "William  Mallory ;  was  born  in  the 
County  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Virginia.  October  30r 
1827;  received  a  classical  and  collegiate  education;  in 
1846  volunteered  in  the  First  Louisiana  Regiment  for 
service  in  Mexico,  and  was  made  a  Lieutenant,  serving; 
until  peace  was  declared  in  1848;  returned  to  Virginia,, 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1849;  in  1853  re 
moved  to  Natchitoches,  Louisiana,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1860  and  1861;  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  the  former  year;  served  as  a  Colonel 
in  the  Confederate  service;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Lewis,  Abner;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State  from  Chau- 
tauqua  County  in  1838  and  1839;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1845  to  1847. 

Lewis,  Barbour ;  was  born  in  Alburg,  Vermont, 
in  1824;  graduated  at  Illinois  College  in  1846;  was, 
for  some  years,  a  teacher  at  Mobile,  Alabama;  then 
studied  law  in  Albany,  New  York,  and  at  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts;  entered  the  Army  as  a  Captain  of 
Volunteers  in  1861,  and  served  until  1864;  in  1863; 
was  appointed,  by  the  military  authorities,  Judge  lor 
the  District  of  Memphis,  and  served  as  such  in  1863 
and  1864;  in  March,  1867,  was  appointed  President 
of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  Shelby- 
County,  Tennessee,  and  held  the  office  until  Novem 
ber,  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Railroads  and  Canals. 

Lewis,  Burwell  B.;  was  born  in  Montgomery, 
Alabama,  July  8,  1838;  graduated  at  the  State- 
University  in  1857;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1859;  resided  at  Monticello  and  Tuscaloosa; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  an  officer;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  from  1870  to  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a. 
Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress;  resigned  October  1,  1880. 

Lewis,  Charlss  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  Virginia; 
in  1870  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Portugal, 
where  he  remained  until  1874,  wThen  he  resigned. 

Lewis,  David  P.;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1872  to  1874. 

Lawis,  Dixon  H.;  was  born  in  Dinwiddie  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  in  1802;  was  educated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College;  studied  law;  removed  to  Alabama^ 


300 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


and  became  eminent  in  his  profession;  was  an  able 
and  amiable  man,  and  physically  very  large  and 
portly,  and  the  story  is  related  of  him  that,  when  re 
turning  home  on  one  of  the  Southern  steamers,  which 
was  wrecked,  he  refused  to  take  a  seat  in  a  small 
boat,  because  the  lives  of  several  persons  would 
thereby  be  jeopardized;  for  a  time  he  was  in  great 
danger,  but  was  rescued;  represented  Alabama  in 
Oongress  from  1829  to  1843,  and  from  1844  until  his 
•death,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress.  Died  in  New 
York,  October  25,  1848. 

Lewis,  Edward  Parke  Custis ;  was  born  at 
Audley,  Parke  County,  Virginia,  February  7,  1837; 
•was  educated  in  private  schools  and  at  the  University 
of  Virginia;  studied  law,  but  ill-health  prevented 
his  engaging  in  its  practice,  and  he  continued  in  the 
occupation  of  a  planter;  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  entered  the  Confederate  Army;  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
was,  for  fifteen  months,  a  prisoner  of  war;  in  1809 
•went  to  Europe,  remaining  there  until  1875,  when 
.he  returned  to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in 
Hoboken,  New  Jersey;  in  1877  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  House  of  Delegates;  declined  a 
re-election;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Na 
tional.  Convention  in  1880;  was  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  State  Committee  of  New  Jersey;  in  April, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United 
States  Minister  to  Portugal. 

Lewis,  Edward  T.;  was  born  at  Opelonsas, 
Louisiana,  October  26,  1834;  was  educated  chiefly  by 
a  private  tutor,  and  partly  at  Wesleyan  University, 
Delaware,  Ohio;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1859,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  his  native 
place;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout 
the  Civil  War,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  in  1865 
•was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature; 
resigned  in  1866  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
•caused  by  the  death  of  Andrew  S.  Herron,  who  died 
.soon  after  his  own  election. 

Lewis,  Francis ;  was  born  in  LlandafF,  Wales, 
in  March,  1713;  was  educated  at  Westminster;  emi 
grated  to  America  in  1735,  and  settled  in  New  York 
as  a  merchant;  in  the  prosecution  of  his  business 
visited  Russia  and  other  parts  of  Europe;  as  Agent 
for  supplying  the  British  troops  was  present  at  Fort 
Oswego  when  it  surrendered  to  Montcalm,  and  as  a 
prisoner  was  taken  to  Montreal  and  to  France;  after 
his  release  returned  to  America;  became  one  of  the 
•"Sons  of  Liberty";  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1776  to  1779;  signed  the  Ar 
ticles  of  Confederation;  was  also  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  after  a  long  course 
•of  successful  business  operations,  died  December  30 
1803. 

Lewis,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Clarendon,  Or 
leans  County,  New  York,  October  30,  1819;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  settled  at 
Columbus,  Wisconsin,  in  1845;  was  elected  Probate 
Judge  of  Columbia  County  in  1846;  District  Attor 
ney  in  1847;  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  same  year;  took  an  interest  in  mili 
tary  affairs,  and  was  made  a  General  of  Militia;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1851;  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1852;  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1853;  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  1861 ;  Governor  of  Wisconsin  in  1863, 
declining  a  re-nomination;  took  an  active  part  in 
public  affairs  during  the  Rebellion,  and  did  much  to 
promote  the  Union  cause. 


Lewis,  J.  H.;  was  born  in  Tompkins  County, 
New  York,  July  21, 1830;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1836;  • 
received  a  common  school  education;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1860;  in  that  year 
was  elected  clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Knox 
County;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Lewis,  John  F. ;  was  born  near  Port  Republic, 
Virginia,  March  1,  1818;  was  raised  as  a  farmer, 
which  occupation  he  followed;  in  1861  was  elected  to 
the  Convention  called  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
whether  Virginia  should  remain  in  the  Union  or  cast 
her  lot  with  the  Gulf  States,  and  was  the  only  mem 
ber  of  that  body  who  refused  to  sign  the  Ordinance  of 
Secession;  was  a  Union  candidate  for  Congress  in 
1865,  and  defeated;  in  1869  was  nominated  for  Lieu 
tenant-Governor,  and  elected;  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Virginia  in  1869,  and  took  his 
seat  in  1870  for  the  term  ending  in  1875,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Engrossed  Bills,  r.nd  Chairman  of 
that  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1803  to  1817. 

Lewis,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Barren  County, 
Kentucky,  October  29,  1824;  graduated  at  Centre 
College  in  1843;  studied  and  practiced  law,  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1850,  1851,  1852, 
and  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  I.  S.  Golloday,  resigned;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  ou 
the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Lewis,  Joseph  J.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  in 
1863  was  appointed  from  that  State  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue  in  the  Treasury  Department,  re 
maining  in  office  until  1865.  Died  in  April,  1883. 

Lewis,  Joseph  R.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Washington  Territory;  in  1872  was  appointed  an  As 
sociate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
District. 

Lewis,  Joshua;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Orleans;  in  1806  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  District. 

Lewis,  Meriwether ;  was  born  near  Charlottes- 
ville,  Virginia,  August  18,  1774;  his  father  died  when 
he  was  a  child,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  relin 
quished  his  academic  studies  for  farming,  which  he 
pursued  for  two  years;  was  a  volunteer  daring  the 
Whisky  Insurrection;  was  transferred  to  the  regular 
service  as  Ensign  in  1795,  and  became  Captain  in 
1800;  was  the  Private  Secretary  of  President  Jeffer 
son  for  two  years,  and  in  1803  was  sent  by  him  upon 
an  exploring  expedition  across  the  continent  to  the 
Pacific;  at  his  request  Clarke  was  appointed  to  ac 
company  him,  and  they  returned  in  1816;  was  made 
Governor  of  Louisiana  Territory  in  1807,  and  restored 
the  country  from  strife  and  dissensions  to  order;  was 
subject  to  attacks  of  hypochondria,  and  while  under 
the  influence  of  this  disorder,  put  an  end  to  his  life 
near  Nashville,  October  11.  1809.  A  narrative  of  the 
expedition  of  Lewis  and  Clarke,  from  materials  fur 
nished  by  each  explorer,  was  prepared  by  Nicholas 
Biddle  and  Paul  Allen,  with  a  memoir  of  Lewis  by 
Jefferson,  published  in  2  vols.,  8vo,  1814. 

Lewis,  Morgan ;  was  born  in  New  York,  Octo 
ber  16,  1754;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1773;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  John  Jay;  in  June, 
1775,  joined  the  army  at  Cambridge;  was  made 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


301 


Captain  of  a  rifle  company  in  August;  Major  of  the 
Se^oTrl  New  York  Regiment  in  November;  Colonel 
and  cuief  of  Staff  to  General  Gates  in  .rune,  1776, 
and  soon  after  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Northern 
Department;  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  Bur- 
goyne;  accompanied  General  Clinton  in  the  ex 
pedition  up  the  Mohawk;  at  Stone  Arabia  led  the 
advance  and  routed  the  Indian  foe;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  practiced  in 
Dcrichess  County;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
>,mon  Pleas;  Attorney-General  of  the  State  in  1791; 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1792; 
Chief  Justice  in  1801;  Governor  from  1804  to  1807; 
Member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1808  to  1811; 
\vasappointed  Quartermaster-General  with  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-General  in  1812;  Major-General  in  1813  and 
ordered  to  the  Niagara  frontier;  made  a  successful  de 
scent  on  the  British  side  of  Niagara  River  April  28, 
1813;  in  1814  was  intrusted  with  the  defense  of  New 
York  City;  subsequently  devoted  himself  to  litera 
ture  and  agriculture;  in  1835  was  President  of  the 
New  York  Historical  Society;  February  22,  1832, 
delivered  a  Centennial  address,  in  honor  of  Washing 
ton,  before  the  civil  authorities.  Died  in  New  York, 
October  16,  1854. 

Lewis,  Seth ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Mississippi;  in  1800  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that 
District. 

Lewis,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Donegal  County, 
Ireland,  April  27,  1718;  received  a  liberal  education; 
was  an  excellent  mathematician;  became  surveyor  of 
Augusta  County  in  1745;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Burgesses,  where  he  advocated  the  resolutions  of 
Patrick  Henry  in  1765 ;  also  a  member  of  the  State 
Conventions  of  1775  and  1776,  in  which  he  aided  in 
preparing  the  Declaration  of  Rights  in  the  State  Con 
stitution,  and  of  the  Convention  of  1788  which  rati 
fied  the  Federal  Constitution;  as  a  member  of  the 
First  House  of  Delegates  he  united  with  Jefferson  in 
enacting  religious  toleration;  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  and  one  of  the  boldest  patriots 
of  Virginia.  Died  at  Port  Republic,  Virginia,  Janu 
ary  31, '1790. 

Lewis,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  October  17,  1803,  to  March 
5,  18i>4,  when  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by 
A.  Moore. 

Lewis,  William ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1791  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Lewis,  William  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1817  to  1819. 

L'Hommedieu,  Ezra ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1754;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1779  to  1783,  and  again  in 
1787  and  1788.  Died  in  1811. 

Libbey,  Harry ;  was  born  at  Wakefield,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1843;  received  a  common  school  edu- 
oati.Mij;  iu  !8>1  went  to  Old  Point  Comfort.  Virginia, 
in  fie  '".liiiioy  i.-f't'.e  Adnms  Kxprcss  C«>i;i;mny:  after- 
warl  engaged  in  bvisii.ess  with  his  hrot.'ier.  Joseph 
Li!)!"'y,  in  \£  spU;«:  I  in  l.ii/ubct't  City  County, 
V:r;.nt;i:i,  in  t.."  men  a. :f  Ho  business,  in  which  he  wa.s 
successful;  i.i  .8  ...  \v;;s  appointed  one  of  the  Presid 
ing  .1  ustices  of  the  comity ;  was  ele'-trd  a  l.'epreseuta- 
fivc  1'iom  Yi.gimA  to  ti.e  Forty  eighth  Coii^res-s ;  AA.LS 
,e  e.c  led  t.i  ti.o  Forty  ninth  Coiijji'Ods. 

•b^rtF.:  was  Jiori    in  Clarke  County, 
/.  eel  an  academic  edututiou;  removed  10 


Alabama  when  a  youth;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  a  Captain;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850;  a 
State  Senator  in  1860,  and  again  in  1863;  was  a  Cap 
tain  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  Lieu  tenant-Gov 
ernor  in  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Ligon,  Thomas  Watkins  ;  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  County,  Virginia;  was  placed,  at  an  early 
age,  at  Hampden  Sidney  College,  but  finished  his 
education  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  studied  law; 
after  spending  a  year  and  a  half  at  the  Yale  Law 
School,  settled  in  Baltimore;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1845  to  1849;  in 
1854  was  elected  Governor  of  that  State.  Died  Jan 
uary  13,  1881. 

Lilly,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  York;  adopted 
the  medical  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1853  to  1855. 

Lincoln,  Abraham ;  was  born  in  Hardin  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  February  12,  1809;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Indiana,  in  1816;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation;  worked  at  rail-splitting  for  a  time;  twice 
visited  New  Orleans  as  a  boatman;  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  1830,  and  turned  his  attention  to  agricultural 
pursuits;  served  as  a  Captain  of  Volunteers  in  the 
Black  Hawk  War;  was  at  one  time  Postmaster  of  New 
Salem;  served  four  years  in  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
viz.,  1834,  1836,  1838,  and  1840,  during  which  time 
he  turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  law  with  John 
T.  Stuart,  and  settled  at  Springfield  in  the  practice  of 
that  profession;  was  a  member  of  the  "  National  Con 
vention  ' '  which  nominated  General  Taylor  for  Presi 
dent  in  1848;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Illinois  from  1847  to  1849,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads,  and  on  Expenses 
in  the  War  Department;  in  1858  acquired  distinction 
by  stumping  the  State  of  Illinois  for  the  United 
States  Senate,  against  S.  A.  Douglas;  in  1860  was 
nominated  by  the  Republican  party  as  their  candi 
date  for  President  of  the  United  States,  and  was  duly 
elected  to  that  position  for  the  term  commencing; 
March  4,  1861;  by  the  "  Baltimore  Convention,"  held 
in  1864,  was  nominated  for  re-election  to  the  Presi 
dency,  and  was  triumphantly  elected;  in  December, 
1864,  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Princeton  College;  on  April  14,  1865,  while  seated 
in  a  private  box  at  the  theatre,  he  Avas  shot  in  the 
head  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  an  actor,  and  died  at 
seven  o'clock  on  the  following  morning;  the  circum 
stances  of  his  death  filled  the  whole  land  with  hor 
ror,  and  the  demonstrations  to  his  memory  were 
heartfelt  and  universal;  his  name  was  everywhere 
mentioned,  with  rare  kindness,  as  the  "  Mt»rvj~-ed 
President." 

Lincoln,  Enoch  ;  was  born  in  Worcester,  Massa 
chusetts,  December  28,  1788;  after  studying  law,  set 
tled  in  Fryeburg,  Maine,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Paris;  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  House  of 
Representatives  from  Massachusetts  from  1818  to 
1820,  succeeding  A.  K.  Parris,  resigned,  and  from 
1821  to  1826  from  the  new  State  of  Maine;  was  then 
elected  Governor  of  Maine,  and  re-elected  in  1828; 
he  published,  while  at  Fryeburg,  a  poeni,  entitled 
"  The  Village  ";  was  also  the  author  of  some  histor 
ical  recollections  of  Maine.  Died  at  Augusta,  Octo 
ber  8,  1829. 

Lincoln,  Levi ;  was  born  May  1.".  17<!<\  it  TTi'v-- 
ham,  Massachusetts;  gnidin>t<"l  ;it  lljuvju,,  Co! '<•£<* 
in  I1* 72,  and  setilcl  ;i*  a  hr.vyer  in  Worcester,  v  h  TO 
he  rose  to  distinction:  \v;ts  a  Judge  01'  Pnriau  ,  ;t 
State  Senator  in  l.D,;  Cou.iiy  PiuoecuKu-  in  I.Jo, 


302 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


\vas  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1799  to  1801; 
during  the  administration  of  President  Adams  he 
wrote  a  series  of  political  papers,  called  "Farmer's 
Letters";  in  1801  was  appointed  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States,  and  acted  as  Secretary  of  State 
until  Mr.  Madison  reached  Washington;  was  a  State 
Counselor  in  1806,  1810,  and  1811;  in  1807  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Massachusetts,  acting  as 
Governor  in  1809,  after  the  death  of  Governor  Sulli- 
ran;  in  1811  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  but  declined  the  office.  Died  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  April  14,  1820,  aged  seven 
ty-one  years. 

Lincoln,  Levi ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  Oc 
tober  25,  1782;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1812;  a  State 
Representative  from  1814  to  1823,  and  Speaker  in 
1822;  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Massschusetts  in  1823; 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1824;  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1825  and  1864;  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  from  1825  to  1834;  from  1834  to  1841 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress;  was  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Boston  from  1841  to  1843;  a  State  Senator 
in  1844  and  1845,  and  President  of  the  Senate;  Mayor 
•of  Worcester  in  1848.  Died  at  Worcester,  May  29, 
1868. 

Lincoln,  Robert  T.;  son  of  President  Lincoln; 
was  born  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  August  1,  1843;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education,  graduating  at  Harvard 
College  in  1864;  attended  the  Harvard  Law  School 
for  a  few  months  and  then  entered  the  Union  Army 
as  Captain  and  Assistant  Adjutant-General;  resigned 
in  June.  1865;  continued  the  study  of  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867  and  engaged  in  practice  at 
Chicago.  Illinois;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
in  March,  1881,  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War  in 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Garfield.  and  continued  in 
that  position  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Arthur. 

Lincoln  William  S.;  was  born  in  Newark  Val 
ley,  Tioga  County,  Xew  York,  August  13,  1813;  was 
educated  for  mercantile  pursuits,  and  after  devoting 
his  attention  for  many  years  to  merchandising;  be 
came  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  leather;  was 
Postmaster  of  Newark  Valley  from  1838  to  1866;  was 
also  Supervisor  of  the  town  for  several  years;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New'  York  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Post  Office  and  Post  Roads. 

Lindley,  James  J.;  was  born  at  Mansfield, 
Ohio,  January  1,  1822;  went  with  his  parents  to 
Kentucky  when  a  boy,  and  lived  at  Cynthiana  sev 
eral  years;  was  a  student  in  Woodville  College,  Ohio, 
for  two  years;  studied  law,  and  located  at  Monticello, 
Missouri,  in  1846;  in  1848  was  elected  Circuit  At 
torney  for  eight  counties,  and  re-elected  in  1852;  was 
si  Representative  from  Missouri  in  the  Thirty-third 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  afterwards  removed  to  Davenport,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Lindsay,  Robert  B.;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1871  to  1872. 

Lindsey,  Stephen  D.;  was  born  at  Norridge- 
woek,  Maine,  March  3,  1828;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  commenced  practice  in  1853;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  ShUe  Legislature  in  1856;  Clerk  of  the 
Judicial  Courts  in  Somerset  County  from  1857  to 
I860;  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tions  of  1860  and  1868;  a  State  Senator  from  1868  to 
1870,  and  President  of  the  Senate  in  1869;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  in  1874;  was  elected  a 


Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses.  Died  April  30, 
1884. 

Lindsley,  James  Girard ;  was  born  at  Or 
ange,  New  Jersey,  March  19,  1819,  his  ancestors  hav 
ing  been  among  the  first  settlers  of  Newark,  Ne\v 
Jersey,  in  1666;  was  reared  on  a  farm,  assisting  his 
father  in  his  duties  as  farmer,  men-bant,  and  Post 
master;  attended  the  district  schools,  and  Ixetween 
the  ages  of  twelve  and  sixteen  years,  attended  Ran 
som's  Military  Academy  and  Piersoii's  Classical 
School;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  an  apprentice 
to  the  hatter's  trade,  and  followed  that  occupation 
until  1843;  then  engaged  in  the  business  of  burning 
lime  in  New  York  City;  the  next  year  gave  up  that 
business,  and  began  the  sale  of  lime,  cement,  and 
other  building  materials,  in  connection  with  the 
Newark  Lime  and  Cement  Company,  at  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  in  which  he  continued  two  years;  then 
sold  out  his  business,  and  took  charge  of  the  com 
pany's  works  at  Ron  clout.  New  York;  was  elected 
President  of  the  village  of  Rondout  in  1852;  in  1859 
was  elected  Trustee  of  the  village,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1860,  1861,  1862,  1863,  and  1864;  was  again 
elected  President  of  the  village  in  1867,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1868  and  1869;  in  1872  was  elected  Super 
visor  of  the  town  of  Kingston,  New  York;  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  the  first  Mayor  of  the  city  ol 
Kingston,  and  was  re-elected  for  six  consecutive 
years;  became  President  of  the  Kingston  City  Rail 
road  Company,  President  of  the  Kingston  Water 
Works  Company,  and  President  of  the  Albert  Manu 
facturing  Company,  of  New  Brunswick,  B.  A.:  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Lindsley,  "William  D.;  was  born  in  Connecti 
cut;  removed  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Linn,  Archibald  L.;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1802;  graduated  at  Union  College:  studied  law  in 
Schcnectady,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  that  city;  was 
twice  elected  Mayor  of  the  same;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1841  to  1813; 
in  1844  was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly.  Died  in 
Grassfield,  New  York,  October  10,  1857. 

Linn,  James  ;  graduated  from  Princeton  College 
in  1769;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1799  to  1801.  when  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jefferson,  Supervisor  of  the  Revenue- 
also  for  many  years  held  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
State  of  New  Jersey.  Died  at  Trenton,  December 

,  1-S20. 

Linn,  John;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  Assembly; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1817  to  1821.  Died  January  6,  1821. 

Linn,  Lewis  F.;  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ken- 
;ucky,  November  5,  1796;  was  educated  chiefly  by 
an  elder  brother,  and  studied  medicine;  in  1.-JU9  re 
moved  to  Missouri,  and  in  1814  helped  to  light  the 
aattles  of  his  country;  after  successfully  practicing 
tiis  profession,  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
n  1H27:  in  1833  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
n  which  capacity  he  served  until  his  death,  which 
K-curred  at  St.  Genevieve,  Missouri,  October  3,  1843. 

e  proved  himself  to  be  a  man  of  remarkable  abili- 
ies,  identified  himself  throughout  his  whole  career 
n  Congress  with  the  interests  of  the  Valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  and,  when  he  died,  many  of  the  best 
nen  in  the  country,  eulogized  him  for  his  manifold 
•irtues. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


303 


Lippitt,  Henry  ;  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1875,  and  was  re-elected  in  1876. 

Lispenard,  Leonard ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
York  to  the  Colonial  Congress,  which  met  in  New 
York  City  in  1765. 

Litchfleld,  Elisha ;  was  born  in  Canterbury, 
Connecticut,  in  1795;  served  five  years  in  the  New 
York  Legislature  from  Onondaga  County;  in  1848 
was  Speaker;  was  many  years  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
at  Delphi,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1821  to  1823,  and  again 
from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at  Cazenovia,  New  York, 
A  ugust  4,  1859. 

Little,  Edward  P.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts 
in  1788;  was  a  State  Representative  from  1829  to 
1834,  and  from  1835  to  1838;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1852  to  1853;  was  Collector  at  Ply 
mouth  from  1853  to  1857. 

Little,  John ;  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Ohio, 
in  1*37.  his  parents  having  removed  there,  from  Vir 
ginia,  in  1833,  and  settled  upon  a  tract  of  woodland; 
his  early  days  were  spent  in  assisting  his  father  to 
prepare  his  land  for  cultivation,  and  his  early  educa 
tion  was  obtained  at  the  country  schools,  which  he 
was  required  to  attend  with  great  regularity;  in  1856 
entered  Antioch  College,  Ohio,  and,  after  two  years 
in  the  preparatory  and  four  years  in  the  college  de 
partments,  was  graduated  in  1862;  was  compelled  to 
labor  on  a  farm  and  in  the  shop,  and  to  teach  school 
a  portion  of  the  time  during  his  evenings  and  vaca 
tions,  in  order  to  obtain  means  to  prosecute  his 
studies;  his  father  being  a  cooper  as  well  as  a  farmer, 
young  Little  learned  that  trade;  after  leaving  college 
he  taught  school  for  a  short  time,  and  then  began  the 
study  of  the  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865 
and  engaged  in  practice  at  Xenia,  Obio;  in  1866  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  county  and  was 
re-elected  in  1868;  in  1869  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  resigned  as  Prose 
cuting  Attorney;  was  re-elected  in  1871;  in  1873  was 
elected  Attorney -General  of  Ohio,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1875;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Little,  Peter;  was  born  in  Petersburg,  Pennsyl 
vania;  removed  to  Maryland,  and  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1811  to 
1813;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed,  by  President 
Madison,  Colonel  of  Infantry;  was  again  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1816  to  1829.  Died  Feb 
ruary  5,  1830,  in  Baltimore  County,  Maryland. 

Littlefleld,  Alfred  H.;  was  born  at  Scituate, 
Rhode  Island.  April  2,  1829  ;  received  a  common 
school  education;  was  a  member  of  the  Town  Coun 
cil  of  Lincoln.  Rhode  Island,  for  five  years;  engaged 
in  the  business  of  manufacturing;  served  two  years 
as  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  two 
years  as  a  State  Senator;  was  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  from  1880  to  1883. 

Littlefleld,  Nathaniel  S.;  was  born  in  Wells, 
York  County,  Maine,  September  20,  1804;  received  a 
common  school  education;  studied  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Senate  in  1837,  1838,  and  1839;  President  of  the 
same  apart  of  the  time:  was  a  Representative  from 
Maine  to  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Thiity-first  Con 
gresses;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1854;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 


Littlejohn,  DeWitt  O.;  was  born  in  Bridge- 
water,  Oneida  County,  New  York,  February  7,  1818; 
received  a  thorough  academic  education;  after  1«39 
engaged  largely  in  the  commerce  of  the  lakes  and 
canals,  as  well  as  in  the  manufacture  of  flour;  served 
as  President  of  the  village  of  Oswego,  and  when  it 
became  a  city  became  an  Alderman,  and  was  twice 
elected  Mayor;  was  seven  times  elected  to  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York,  presiding  as  Speaker  during 
five  terms;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions:  after  retiring  from  Congress  was  again  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature. 

Livermore,  Arthur  ;  was  born  in  Londonderry, 
Xew  Hampshire,  July  26,  1776;  was  a  Jxulge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1799  to  1816: 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1801;  from  1825  to  1833 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1817  to  1821,  and  from  1823  to 
1825;  died  at  Campton,  New  Hampshire,  July  1, 
18511  He  was  the  son  of  Samuel  Livermore. 

Livermore,  Edward  St.  Loe ;  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  April  5,  1762;  was  a 
Counselor-at-Law:  was  United  States  Circuit  Attor 
ney;  Judge  of  the  State  Superior  Court  from  1797  to 
1799;  Representative  in  Congress  from  1807  to  1812; 
removed  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  1813.  Died  at 
Lowell,  Massachusetts,  September  22,  1832. 

Livermore,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Waltham, 
Massachusetts,  May  14,  1732;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1752;  came  to  the  bar  in  1769;  was  Judge 
Advocate  of  the  Admiralty  before  the  Revolution; 
subsequently  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New 
Hampshire;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1793  to 
1801,  when  he  resigned;  Avas  President  pro  tern,  of 
that  body  during  two  sessions.  Died  at  Holderness, 
May,  1803. 

Livingston,  Brockliolst;  was  born  in  New 
York,  November  25,  1757;  entered  Princeton  College, 
but  left  in  1776;  served  with  Arnold  at  the  capture  of 
Burgoyne,  in  1779;  was  private  Secretary  to  John 
lay  during  his  mission  to  Spain,  in  1779;  studied 
aw,  and  eame  to  the  bar  in  1783;  in  1802  became 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  in  1806 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  a  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Died  in 
Washington,  March  1 1, 1823.  Was  the  son  of  Governor 
William  Livingston. 

Livingston,  Edward  ;  was  born  at  Claremont, 
Livingston  Manor,  New  York,  in  1764;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1781;  studied  law,  and  was 
Admitted  to  the  bar  in  1785;  pursued  his  profession 
until  1795,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
Congress  from  New  York  City,  serving  until  1802; 
was  then  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for  the 
District  of  New  York,  and  was  also  Mayor  of  the 
ity;  removing  to  New  Orleans  in  1804,  became 
eminent  there  as  a  lawyer;  at  the  invasion  of  Louis 
iana  acted  as  an  aid  to  General  Jackson;  was  em 
ployed  in  negotiations  for  the  exchange  of  prisoners 
ifter  the  war;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1823  to  1829;  was  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  1829  to  1831,  when  he 
>vas  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Secretary  of; 
State;  in  1833  was  made  Minister  to  France;  his 
'''  Penal  Code  "  is  considered  a  monument  of  his  pro 
found  learning.  Died  at  Rhinebeck,  New  York.  May 
>3,  1836. 


S04 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Livingston,  Henry  Walter ;  was  born  m  1764; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786;  was  educated  to 
the  law;  in  1792  was  Secretary  to  Mr.  Morris,  Am- 
bissador  to  France;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
[from  New  York  from  1803  to  1807.  Died  at  Living- 
Btan  Manor,  New  York,  December  22,  1810,  aged 
forty-two  years. 

L'vino-ston,  Philip ;  was  "born  in  Albany,  New 
'  York,  January  15,  1716;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1737-  was  a  successful  merchant  in  New  lork  City; 
fwaa  an  Alderman  for  four  years;  served  several  years 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  corresponded  with  Ld- 
jnond  Burke  on  commercial  matters;  was  President 
of  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775;  with  Lee  and  Jay 
was  appointed  to  memorialize  the  British  Govern 
ment;  was  a  Delegat^  to  Congress  from  1774  to  17/8; 
•was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
subsequently  served  in  the  Senate  of  New  York. 
Died  June  12,  1778.  He  was  noted  for  his  rare  busi 
ness  capacity  and  his  benevolence,  and  was  the 
founder  of  the  Professorship  of  Divinity  in  Yale  Col- 
le^e;  was  also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  Li 
brary,  and  aided  in  establishing  Columbia  College. 

Livingston,  Robert  Le  Boy  ;  graduated  from 
Princeton  College  in  1784;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  the  Sixth  Congressional  Dis 
trict  of  New  York  from  1809  to  1813,  but  resigned 
in  1812,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  T.  P.  Grosvenor; 
was  then  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  of  Infantry. 

Livingston,  Robert  R.;  was  born  in  New  York, 
November  27,  1747;  graduated  at  King's  College  in 
1765;  studied  law,  and  was  appointed  Recorder  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  which  office  he  resigned  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolution;  in  1775  was  elected  to 
the  Assembly  from  Dutchess  County;  the  same  year 
•was  sent  as  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
serving  until  1777,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  for  draughting  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence;  was  also  a  Delegate  from  1779  to  1781,  and  in 
the  latter  year  was  appointed  Secretary  for  Foreign 
Affairs;  on  resigning,  he  received  the  thanks  of 
Congress;  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  New  York 
under  the  new  Constitution,  and  filled  that  office 
•nntil  1801;  in  1788  was  Chairman  of  the  State  Con 
tention  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitution;  in 
1794  declined  the  appointment  of  Minister  to  France, 
tendered  him  by  Washington;  in  1801  accepted  that 
office,  and  proceeded  to  Paris;  after  the  close  of  his 
mission  Napoleon  presented  him  with  a  snuff-box, 
containing  a  miniature  of  himself  by  Isabeyj  with 
the  assistance  of  Monroe  he  made  the  purchase  of 
Louisiana;  in  Paris  he  formed  ah  intimacy  with 
Robert  Fulton,  and  was  instrumental  in  the  intro 
duction  of  steam  navigation  into  the  United  States; 
introduced  merino  sheep  and  gypsum  into  New  York; 
was  President  of  an  Agricultural  Society  and  of  the 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts;  published  an  oration  deliv 
ered  before  the  Cincinnati  Society  in  1787,  and  other 
essays.  Died  in  1813,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

Livingston,  Van  Brugh;  was  a  c'ii.^n  of 
New  York;  in  1848  was  appointed  Minister  Resilient 
to  Ecuador,  but  only  remained  there  .1  ...ml  one  year. 

Iihrngston,  Walter;  was  a  Delegate  l',om 
»  v  Yoric  to  the  Continental  Cou^rco-s  in  1164  and 
l.H.-.. 

L'.v'n^ston.  \\~il ' ir>. m  ;   was  bor-i   in   Allmvy, 
New    York.  Novrm'xv   :!().  172.1:  g  ;ni;i:ile.l   at    Yale 
(!  in  1741 :   was  a  1  iwyer  by  }>r  >ie.ssi,>n,  and  be- 
i-  Oi  tl.c  b..r  oi  New  1'uik 


and  New  Jersey;  from  1752  to  1758  published  sev 
eral  works  on  law  and  politics;  in  1758  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Assembly;  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
in  Elizabethtown,  New  Jersey,  built  a  house  called 
"Liberty  Hall,"  and  removed  there  in  1773,  where 
he  resided  during  the  remainder  of  his  life;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in 
1774;  re-elected  in  1775,  and  served  on  the  most  im 
portant  committees;  was  recalled  June  5,  to  com 
mand,  as  Brigadier-General,  the  State  Militia;  suc 
ceeded  William  Franklin  (deposed)  as  Governor  in 
1776,  and  held  the  office  until  his  death;  he  was 
called  by  the  British  the  "  Don  Quixote  of  the  Jer 
seys  "  from  having  so  frequently  escaped  their  at 
tempts  to  kidnap  him;  in  1787  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention;  refused  the  commission 
to  superintend  the  Federal  Buildings,  and  as  Minis 
ter  to  Holland ;  was  the  author  of  a  poem  called 
"Philosophical  Solitude,"  and  a  variety  of  political 
and  other  tracts.  Died  in  Elizabeth,  New  Jersey, 
July  25,  1780. 

Lloyd,  Edward  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti-i 
nental  Congress  in  1783  and  1784;  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  1806  to  1809;  Governor  of  Maryland  from 
Ts09  to  1811;  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1812;  United 
States  Senator  from  Maryland  from  1819  to  1826, 
when  he  resigned;  was  highly  respected  both  in 
public  and  private  life.  Died  June  2,  1834. 

Lloyd,  Henry ;  was  born  at  Harnbrooke,  Dor 
chester  County,  Maryland,  February  21, '1852; 
passed  his  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm;  in  1860  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Cambridge,  Maryland; 
was  educated  at  the  Cambridge  Male  Academy;  lef 
school  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  the  law;  while  pursuing  his  legal  studies, 
began  teaching  a  country  school,  and  three  months 
later  was  elected  Assistant  Principal  of  the  Cam 
bridge  Academy;  in  1873  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
in  1874  became  Principal  of  the  Cambridge  Academy, 
and  he  continued  in  that  position  until  July,  1880, 
when  he  resigned  to  engage  in  the  practice  of  law  a 
Cambridge,  Maryland;  was  Auditor  of  the  Circui 
Court  for  Dorchester  County,  Maryland,  from  187' 
to  1884,  and  a  portion  of  that  time  was  also  Clerk 
and  Treasurer  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  town  o! 
Cambridge;  in  1881  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  ir 
1884  was  elected  President  of  the  State  Senate;  in 
March,  1885,  upon  the  appointment  of  Governor  Me- 
Lane  as  United  States  Minister  to  France,  became 
Governor  of  Maryland,  cx-officio;  in  January,  1886, 
was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  Governor  of  th< 
State  for  the  unexpired  term  ending  in  1888. 

Lloyd,  James ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  frorr 
Maryland,  from  1797  to  1800,  when  he  resigned. 

Lloyd,  James;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1769;  graduated  from  Harvard  Univers 
ity  in  1787;  devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  resided  in  Russia  a  number  of  years;  devotee 
some  attention  to  literature;  was  elected  a  membe: 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences;  re 
ooived  from  his  Alma  Mater,  in  1826,  the  degree  o 
Doe.lov  o,'  1/r.vs:  uv.s  a  Senator  in  Congress  fron 
M.i-sav'i  IM-: is,  1'nim  IS  ;s  to  Ksl:!,  when  he  resigned 
•vnd  i  ;ii:i.  I'i-om  1SJ2  to  IN);  serving  as  Chairman  o 
the  C  nuiniltees  on  ConuiKMce  and  .Vival  Affairs;  hi: 
ivp.r  uio'i  wu-i  that  01'  a->  abu-  sla:e-;mari.  and  ; 
xvf-i'lhv  -it'll  lonevolc.it  111.111.  Died  in  jv'Jw  Yor] 
City,  \\y.\\  ."),  18.il. 

Loan,  BoEiamiri  F.;  was  boni  in  irarlinsbnrg 
1'reekiiiriuj.e  County,  Kentucky,  in   ISl  ,-;  sett!e,l   ii 
..a,l  uJo^Uxl  the  le^il  proiusoion 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


when  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  in  1861,  he  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  military  affairs,  and  was  appointed 
a  Brigadier-General;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs;  was  subsequently  reported  against  by  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections,  but  the  action  of  the  Committee 
was  not  sustained  by  the  House,  and  he  retained  his 
seat;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad, 
Freedmen,  and  Debts  of  the  Loyal  States;  was  also 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions, 
and  on  that  on  Freedmen's  Affairs;  in  1869  was  ap 
pointed  a  Visitor  to  West  Point. 

Locke,  Francis ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina,  October  31,  1766;  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  in  1803;  having  resigned  was 
chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  years  1814  and 
1815  from  his  native  State,  but  appears  not  to  have 
taken  his  seat;  in  1809  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 
Died  January,  1823. 

Locke,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Wilmington, 
Vermont,  October  30,  1837;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law;  was  in  the  Naval  Ser 
vice  during  the  war  for  the  Union;  after  the  war  prac 
ticed  his  profession  at  Key  West;  in  1866  was  ap- 
pointe  I  Clerk  of  the  United  States  Court  for  South 
ern  Florida;  in  1868  became  Judge  of  Monroe  Coun 
ty;  served  in  the  State  Senate  in  1870  and  1871;  in 
1872  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the 
Southern  District  of  Florida. 


Locke,  Jolin;  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1764;  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1792; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1796,  and  opened  an  office 
in  Ashby;  represented  that  town  in  the  Legislature  in 
1804,  1805,  1813,  and  1823;  in  1820  was  a  member  of 
the  "Constitutional  Convention"  of  the  State;  from 
1823  to  1829  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  Worcester  North  District;  in  1830  was  a  State 
Senator  from  Middlesex  County;  in  1831  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council ;  removed  to  Lowell  in 
1837,  and  thence,  in  1849,  to  Boston,  where  he  died, 
March  29,  1855. 

Locke,  Matthew ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina,  1730;  was  a  member  of  the  Congress 
at  Halifax,  in  1776,  which  formed  the  Constitution  of 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Representative  in  the  Con 
gress  of  the  United  States  from  1793  to  1799;  also 
served  in  the  Legislature,  and  four  of  his  sons  were  at 
one  time  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Died  in  1801. 

Locke,  Powhattan  B.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
removed  to  Missouri ;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Nevada,  re 
siding  at  Carson  City. 

Lockhart,  James ;  was  born  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  February  13,  1806;  removed  to  Indiana  in 
1832;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1834;  in 
1841  and  1842  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney; 
from  1845  to  1851  was  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial 
District  when  he  resigned;  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention"  of  1850;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1851  to  1853.  Died  at  Evansville,  Indiana, 
September  7,  1857. 

Lock-wood,  Daniel  Newton;  was  born  in 
Hamburg,  Erie  County,  New  York,  June  1,  1844; 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1865;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
tc  in  1866,  and  began  practice  in  Buffalo;  in  1874 

20 


was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Erie  County  fnf 
the  term  of  three  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Lockwood,  H.  A.;  was  born  at  Little  Falls, 
Herkimer  County,  New  York,  August  13,  1834;  in 
1839  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Prarieville  (now 
Waukesha),  Wisconsin;  owing  to  the  lack  of  educa 
tional  facilities,  the  surrounding  country  being  then 
a  wilderness,  he  received  his  early  education  from 
his  mother,  supplemented  by  occasional  attendance 
at  the  public  school,  and  by  study  at  night  while  em 
ployed  in  a  country  store  which  he  entered  at  the  age 
often  years;  was  afterward  employed  in  the  local 
post  office  and  the  telegraph  office  at  Waukesha;  in 
1853  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Customs  at  Washington ;  was  com 
missioned  Acting  Commissioner  of  Customs  June  1, 
1871,  during  an  interim,  holding  the  office  until 
July  3d  of  that  year;  July  1,  1875,  was  appointed 
Deputy  Commissioner  of  Customs,  remaining  in  that 
position. 

Lockwood,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Connec 
ticut;  removed  to  Nebraska;  was  appointed  an  As 
sociate  Justice  of  that  Territory,  residing  at  Dakota 
City. 

Lofland,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Milford,  Dela 
ware,  November  2,  1823,  graduated  at  Delaware  Col 
lege  in  1845;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was 
Secretary  of  the  State  Senate  in  1849;  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution  in 
1853;  Secretary  of  State  in  1855  and  1859;  was  ap 
pointed  a  paymaster  in  the  army  in  1863,  and  re 
signed  in  1867;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Logan,  Cornelius  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Kansas; 
was  United  States  Minister  to  Chili  from  1873  to  1877; 
was  Minister  to  Central  America  from  1879  to  1882, 
when  he  was  again  appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Chili. 

Logan,  George  ;  was  born  at  Stanton,  near  Phil 
adelphia,  September  9,  1753;  was  educated,  at  Edin 
burgh,  for  the  medical  profession,  but  devoted  a  great 
portion  of  his  time  to  agriculture,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1798  embarked 
for  Europe  for  the  sole  purpose  of  preventing  a  war 
between  America  and  France,  and  prepared  the  way 
for  a  negotiation  which  terminated  in  peace;  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  1801  to  1807;  went 
to  England  in  February,  1810,  on  the  same  errand 
which  took  him  to  France,  but  not  with  the  same 
success;  was  an  active  member  of  the  Philosophical 
Society  and  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  in 
1797  published  "Experiments  on  Gypsum"  and 
"Rotation  of  Crops. "  Died,  at  Stanton,  April  9, 
1821. 

Logan,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1835  to  1839. 

Logan,  John  Alexander;  was  born  in  Jackson 
County,  Illinois,  February  9,  1826;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  went  with  the  army  as  a 
private  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  made 
Quartermaster  of  his  regiment;  in  1849  was  elected 
County  Clerk  of  Jackson  County,  but  resigned;  in 
1850  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1852,  having 
graduated  at  the  Louisville  University;  in  1852  was 
elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature;  in  1853  was  ap 
pointed  a  Prosecuting  Attorney;  in  1856  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector;  a  second  time  elected  to  the  Legislature; 


306 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Unfinished  Business;  re-elected  to 
Thirty -seventh  Congress;  resigned,  and  served  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Union  Army  in  1861 ;  was  subsequently 
commissioned  a  Major-General;  commanded  with  dis 
tinction  the  Army  of  Tennessee;  in  November,  1865, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Minister  to  the 
Republic  of  Mexico,  but  declined;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "Soldiers'  Convention"  held  in  Pittsburg,  in 
1866;  of  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1868;  was  elected 
to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ordnance,  and  on 
those  on  Retrenchment,  and  Ways  and  Means;  was 
one  of  the  Managers  in  the  Impeachment  trial  of 
President  Andrew  Johnson;  in  1871  took  his  seat  in 
the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1877, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  that  on  Military  Affairs;  was  again  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate  in  1878,  for  the  term  ending 
in  1885;  was  re-elected  in  1885.  Died  in  Washing 
ton,  D.  C.,  December  26,  1886. 

Logan,  William;  was  born  in  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky,  December  8,  1776;  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention"  in  1799;  studied 
IRAV,  and  practiced  with  success;  was  frequently  in 
the  Legislature,  and  officiated  as  Speaker;  was  twice 
chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  during  the  years  1819  and  1820.  Died 
August  8,  1822.  He  was  the  first  white  child  born 
in  Kentucky.  His  father,  Benjamin,  was  a  dis 
tinguished  General  and  Pioneer. 

Long,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Greenville, 
Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  24,  1816; 
was'  educated  at  Gary's  Academy  (now  Farmer's  Col 
lege),  Ohio;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  prac 
ticing  in  Cincinnati;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legisla 
ture  in  1848  and  1819;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1864. 

Long,  Ed-ward  H.;  was  born  in  Maryland  in 
1808;  graduated  at  Yale  College;  adopted  and  prac 
ticed  the  profession  of  law;  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Maryland  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1845  to  1847.  Died 
in  Somerset,  Maryland,  in  October,  1865.  He  was  a 
man  of  ability,  and  at  one  time  was  a  candidate  for 
the  United  States  Senate. 

Long,  John ;  was  born  in  London  County,  Vir 
ginia;  was  a  farmer  by  profession;  entered  public  life 
as  a  Senator  in  the  Assembly  in  1815;  in  1821  was 
elected  to  Congress  as  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina,  where  he  remained  until  1829. 

Long,  John  Davis;  was  born  at  Buckfield, 
Maine,  October  27,  1838;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1857;  taught  school  from  1857  to  1859;  at 
tended  the  Cambridge  Law  School  in  1860  and  1861 ; 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  at  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  in  1867;  became  a  resident  of  Hing- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  in  1869,  still  continuing  to  prac 
tice  in  Boston;  served  in  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  from  1875  to  1879,  the  last  three  years  as 
Speaker;  was  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of  the  State  in 
1879;  Governor  from  1879  to  1882;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Long,  Pierce  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Hamp 
shire  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1786. 


Longfellow,  Stephen;  was  born  in  Gorham, 
Massachusetts,  June  23,  1775;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1798;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1801;  was,  for  many  years,  a  leading 
politician  and  lawyer  in  Maine;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1797;  was  a  member  of  the  "Hartford 
Convention  "  in  1814,  of  which  body,  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  he  was  the  only  surviving  Delegate  from 
Massachusetts;  from  1817  to  1836  was  a  member  of 
the  Corporation  of  Bowdoin  College,  from  which  in 
stitution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  was  a 
member  of  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention"  of 
1819;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from 
1823  to  1825;  a  Representative  in  the  Maine  Legisla 
ture  in  1826.  Died  at  Portland,  August  2,  1849. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  distinguished  poet,  Long 
fellow. 

Longford,  William  GK;  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Ohio,  August  10,  1834;  while  a  child,  was 
taken,  by  his  parents,  to  the  State  of  New  York, 
where  he  remained  until  ten  years  of  age;  then  went 
to  live  with  a  brother  in  Iowa,  with  whom  he  resided 
until  1850,  at  which  time  he  emigrated  to  Oregon; 
first  engaged  as  a  farm  hand  in  the  Wallamette  Val 
ley,  in  Oregon,  for  a  short  time;  then  worked  at  rail- 
splitting  until  he  had  sufficient  means  to  procure  a 
mining  outfit,  when  he  proceeded,  alone,  through  the 
Indian  country,  to  Sou  them  Oregon,  where  he  worked 
until  1854;  his  previous  education  had  been  limited 
to  a  brief  attendance  at  the  common  schools  in  Iowa; 
was  an  inveterate  reader,  and  thus  gained  much  val 
uable  information;  commenced  the  study  of  law;  in 
1856  served,  for  a  short  time,  as  a  volunteer  during 
the  Indian  war;  in  1857  completed  his  legal  studies, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  there;  in  1858 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  of  the  Portland  District;  from  1859  to  1862  was 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Vancouver,  Wash 
ington  Territory;  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  the  Gov 
ernor,  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Watsons  District; 
in  the  fall  of  that  year  removed  to  Walla  Walla, 
where  he  remained  until  1867;  in  1864  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Territorial  Legislature,  serv 
ing  three  years;  in  1868  started  on  a  roving  expedi 
tion,  which  lasted  until  1875;  during  that  time  prac 
ticed  law  in  Mississippi,  Texas,  and  at  San  Francisco, 
California;  in  1875  located  at  Lewiston,  Idaho;  was 
elected  to  the  Upper  House  of  the  Idaho  Legislature; 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  removed  to 
Walla  Walla,  Washington  Territory;  was  elected  City 
Attorney,  and  was  four  times  re-elected;  in  Novem 
ber,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland, 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wash 
ington  Territory. 

Longnecker,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  Allen 
Township,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  April 
17,  1825;  was  educated  at  the  Wilbraham  Academy, 
Massachusetts,  the  Norwich  Military  University,  of 
Vermont,  and  Lafayette  College,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  graduated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
served  as  a  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant  in  the  war 
with  Mexico;  on  his  return  was  elected  District  At 
torney  of  Lehigh  County;  in  1851  was  a  member  of 
a  Democratic  Convention  for  nominating  State 
Judges;  in  1854  was  a  member  of  another  Conven 
tion  for  nominating  State  Officers;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  oti 
Military  Affairs;  as  Colonel  of  the  Ninth  Pennsyl 
vania  Infantry,  commanded  a  brigade  in  Western  Vir 
ginia  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion  in  186 J ; 
subsequently  commanded  a  Brigade  of  Militia  at  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


307 


Battle  of  Antietam;  in  1867  was  appointed  an  Asso 
ciate  Judge  of  Lehigh  County.     Died  September  18, 

1871. 

Longstreet,  James ;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina  about  1823;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Ala 
bama  in  childhood;  received  a  good  education;  in 
1838  was  appointed  a  Cadet  at  the  United  States 
Military  Academy,  at  West  Point,  New  York;  grad 
uated  in  1842,  and  was  commissioned  a  Brevet  Sec 
ond  Lieutenant  in  the  United  States  Army;  in 
March,  1845,  was  commissioned  a  Second  Lieutenant; 
served  with  conspicuous  gallantry  throughout  the 
war  with  Mexico,  and  was  rapidly  advanced  as  a 
reward  for  his  bravery,  being  commissioned  First 
Lieutenant  in  February.  1847;  Brevet  Captain  in 
August,  1847;  Brevet  Major  in  September,  1S47;  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec;  was 
Chief  Commissary  of  the  Department  of  Texas  from 
1849  to  1851;  was  commissioned  Captain  in  Decem 
ber,  1852,  and  Major  and  Paymaster  in  July ,_  1858; 
in  June,  1861,  resigned  his  commission,  and  joined 
the  Confederate  Army;  served  throughout  the  Civil 
War,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Major-General;  after  the 
close  of  the  war  settled  at  Atlanta,  Georgia;  advo 
cated  submission  to  the  reconstruction  laws,  and 
"accepted  the  situation";  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Grant,  United  States  Marshal  for  the  District 
of  Georgia;  in  1880  was  appointed,  by  President 
Hayes,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Turkey;  resigned  in 
1881,  and  returned  home;  was  re-appointed  United 
States  Marshal  for  Georgia,  serving  until  1885. 

Longyear,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Shandaken, 
Ulster  County,  New  York,  October  22, 1820;  received 
a  good  academic  education;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1844;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Com- 
Tnerce,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same  commit 
tees;  waS  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' 
Convention  "  of  1866;  in  1870  became  a  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Michigan. 

Looker,  Othniel ;  was  born  on  Long  Island, 
New  York,  October  4,  1757;  began  life  as  a  weaver, 
and  by  his  own  exertions  received  a  liberal  educa 
tion;  served  five  years  in  the  Revolutionary  Army; 
also  served  in  both  branches  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature;  in  1804  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  served  for 
many  years  in  the  State  Senate;  in  1814  became 
Governor  by  virtue  of  his  office  as  Speaker  of  the 
Senate;  was  for  seven  yfcars  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas.  Died  in  Palestine,  Illinois,  April  5, 
1845. 

Loomis,  Arphaxad;  was  for  three  years  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  York  from  Herki- 
mer  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1837  to  1839. 

Loomis,  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Columbia,  Tol- 
land  County,  Connecticut,  July  27,  1821;  received  a 
common  school  education;  passed  the  most  of  his 
youth  on  a  farm;  taught  school  for  about  one  year; 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in  1844;  finished  his 
legal  studies  at  New  Haven,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1847,  after  which  time  he  practiced  his 
profession  at  Rockville,  Connecticut;  in  1851  was 
elected  to  the  Connecticut  Legislature;  in  1856  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  "People's  Convention"  in  Phila 
delphia;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1857;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Thirty-sixth 


Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Mileage;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and  on  Agri 
culture;  was  subsequently  placed  upon  the  bench  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut. 

Lord,  Frederick  W.;  was  born  in  Lyme, 
Connecticut,  December  11,  1800;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1821;  was  for  two  years  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  Washington  College;  had  charge  for 
three  years  of  an  academy  in  the  city  of  Baltimore; 
devoted  himself  in  Baltimore  for  several  years  to  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  received  a  diploma  from  Yale 
College  in  1829;  spent  fifteen  years  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Sag  Harbor,  New  York,  when  he  re 
tired;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1847  to  1849;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Balti 
more  "National  Convention"  in  1840.  Died  at 
New  York,  May  24,  1860. 

Lord,  Henry  W.;  was  born  at  Northampton, 
Massachusetts,  in  1821;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1839,  and 
to  Pontiac,  Michigan,  in  1843,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  merchandising;  was  United  States  Con 
sul  at  Manchester,  England,  from  1861  to  1867,  and 
devised  valuable  plans  for  perfecting  the  Consular 
Service;  became  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Charities  and  Corrections  in  1871,  and  continued  in 
that  position;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  in 
that  year  removed  to  Detroit;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress. 

Lord,  Scott ;  was  born  in  Nelson,  Madison 
County,  New  York,  December  11,  1820;  received  an 
academic  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  held  the  offices  of  Judge  and  Surrogate  in 
Utica;  practiced  his  profession  with  Roscoe  Conk- 
ling,  as  his  partner;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Lore,  Charles  B.;  was  born  at  Odessa,  Dela 
ware,  March  16,  1831;  graduated  from  Dickinson 
College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1852,  with  the  honors  of 
his  class;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1861;  removed  to  Wilmington,  Delaware,  in  1859, 
and,  after  his  admission  to  the  bar,  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  that  city;  was  Clerk  of  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  in  1857;  Commissioner  of 
the  Draft  in  1862;  Attorney-General  of  the  State  from 
1869  to  1874  ;  Presidential  Elector  in  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Loring,  Edward  Q. ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1802;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1821;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  which  he 
practiced  in  his  native  city;  was  a  Lecturer  on  Law 
at  Harvard  College  for  several  years;  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Claims  in  Washington. 

Loring1,  George  B.;  was  born  at  North  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  November  8,  1817;  attended  Franklin 
Academy,  in  his  native  town;  was  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1838;  received  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
at  Harvard  Medical  College  in  1842;  was  Surgeon  of 
the  Marine  Hospital  at  Chelsea  in  1843;  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  to  Revise  the  United  States 
Marine  Hospital  System  in  1849;  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Salem,  Massachusetts,  in  1853;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Legislature  in  1866  and  1867;  waa 
President  of  the  State  Senate  in  1873,  1874,  1875, 
and  1876;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 


308 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Conventions  of  1868,  1872,  and  1876;  was  a  Commis 
sioner  to  the  Centennial  Exhibition  of  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth 
Congress;  in  July,  1881,  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  Agriculture,  at  Washington. 

Lothrop,  George  Van  Ness;  was  born  at 
Easton,  Bristol  County,  Massachusetts,  August  8, 
1817;  was  a  descendant  of  the  Puritans,  the  family 
having  been  established  in  the  Plymouth  Colony 
about  the  year  1650;  received  his  early  education  in 
the  common  schools;  was  prepared  for  College  at 
Day's  Academy,  Wrentham,  Massachusetts;  attended 
Amherst  College  during  the  term  of  1833-'34;  in 
1835  entered  Brown  University,  at  Providence, 
Ehode  Island,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1838;  immediately  entered  the  Law  School  of 
Harvard  University,  under  the  tuition  of  the  noted 
jurists,  Judge  Joseph  Story  and  Simon  Greenleaf; 
impaired  health  caused  his  removal  to  Michigan,  in 
1839,  where  he  joined  his  brother  upon  a  farm  near 
Schoolcraft;  in  March,  1843,  removed  to  Detroit, 
Michigan,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  the  spring 
of  1844  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  in  which  he 
continued  until  1885,  and  in  which  he  attained  emi 
nence;  was  Attorney-General  of  Michigan  from  1848 
to  1851;  was  Recorder  of  the  city  of  Detroit  from 
1851  to  1853;  was  General  Counsel  for  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad  Company  from  1854  to  1880,  when 
he  resigned  the  position;  was  an  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  Congress  in  1856  and  1860;  was  three  times 
the  unsuccessful  candidate  of  his  party  for  United 
States  Senator;  in  1860  was  a  member  of  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Conventions,  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  and  Baltimore,  Maryland;  in  1867  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention;  in  1882  was  made  a  member  of  the  Com 
mission  in  whose  charge  the  Public  Library  of  De 
troit  was  placed,  resigning  in  1885;  in  May,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Ex 
traordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  St.  Petersburg,  Russia. 

Loughridge,  William;  was  born  in  Youngs- 
town,  Mahoning  County,  Ohio,  July  11,  1827;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years;  re 
moved  to  Iowa,  in  1852;  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  from  1856  to  1860;  in  1861  was 
chosen  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Iowa, 
to  serve  until  January,  1867;  in  1866  was  elected  a 
Kepresentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims, 
Agriculture,  and  Education  in  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropria 
tions  and  the  Judiciary. 

Lounsberry,  William ;  was  born  at  Stone 
Ridge,  New  York,  December  25,  1831;  graduated  at 
Entger's  College  in  1851;  studied  law  at  the  New 
York  University;  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1853; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1868;  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Kingston  in  1878,  and  served  two  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Louttit,  J.  A.;  was  a  resident  of  Stockton,  Cali 
fornia;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
California  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Love,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835. 

Love,  J.  M.|  was  born  in  Fairfax  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1820;  in  1833  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 


Muskingum  County,  Ohio;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  that  county  and  at  an  academy  in  Fair 
fax  County,  Virginia;  studied  law  with  a  brother  in 
Virginia,  and  with  Judge  Richard  Stillwell,  at  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Virginia  and 
Ohio;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Coshoctou 
County,  Ohio,  in  1842;  in  1846  entered  the  army  as 
Captain  of  Company  B,  Third  Regiment  of  Ohio  Vol 
unteers,  for  service  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  went  to 
Vtexico,  and  served  there  until  mustered  out  with 
lis  regiment  at  the  close  of  their  term  of  enlistment, 
in  1847;  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Ohio;  in 
L850  removed  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  he  practiced 
lis  profession;  in  1852  was  elected  a  State  Senator; 
n  1855  was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Iowa,  in  which  position  lie  re 
mained. 

Love,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1807  to  1811. 

Love,  Peter  B.;  was  born  near  Dublin,  Laurens 
County,  Georgia,  July  7,  1818 ;  was  educated  at 
Franklin  College;  studied  medicine  and  attended 
medical  lectures  in  Philadelphia;  relinquished  that 
profession,  and  turned  his  attention  to  the  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1839;  in  1843  was  chosen 
Solicitor-General  for  the  Southern  District  of  Georgia; 
in  1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1853  was 
appointed  a  Judge  for  the  Southern  Circuit  of  Geor 
gia;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to 
bhe  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Expenses  in  the  State  Department,  and  the  Special 
Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious  States. 

Love,  Thomas  C.;  was  Judge  of  Erie  County, 
New  York,  in  1828;  District  Attorney  from  182'J  to 
1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1835  to  1837;  Surrogate  from  1841  to 
1845.  Died  at  Buffalo,  September  17,  1853. 

Love,  William  C.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  of 
which  his  father  was  steward;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1815  to  1817. 

Lovejoy,  Owen ;  was  born  in  Albion,  Kon- 
nebec  County,  Maine,  January  6,  1811;  worked  on 
a  farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age;  taught  school, 
and  thereby  acquired  the  means  for  a  collegiate  edu 
cation,  which  he  received  at  Bowdoin  College;  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Prince 
ton,  Illinois,  from  1838  to  1854;  resigned  his  pastoral 
duties  to  take  a  seat  in  the  Illinois  Legislature  in 
the  latter  year;  in  1856  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-seventh,  and 
Thirty-eighth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commi£tees 
on  Revolutionary  Claims,  Public  Lands,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  on 
the  District  of  Columbia;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Territories.  Died  in  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  March  25,  1864. 

Lovell,  James ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachu 
setts;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1756,  and 
was  for  many  years  associated  with  his  father  as 
teacher  of  the  Latin  School;  in  1760  published 
"  Oratio  ir.  Funero  Thyntii  ";  during  the  Revolution 
was  a  firm  Whig,  devoted  to  the  cause  of  liberty,  and 
was  imprisoned  by  General  Gage;  was  carried  a  pris 
oner  by  the  British  troops  to  Halifax,  where  he  was 
for  a  long  Lime  kept  in  close  confinement;  after  his 
return  to  Boston,  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1776  to  1782,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Correspondence;  also 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


309 


signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  in  1786  was 
Collector  of  Customs  for  Boston,  and  was  subsequently 
Naval  Officer  for  Boston  and  Charlestown,  in  which 
station  he  remained  until  his  death.  Died  in  1814, 
aged  seventy-six  years. 

Levering1,  Henry  B.;  was  born  at  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire,  April  8,  1841;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  in  1842,  and  to 
Lynn,  Massachusetts,  in  1846;  receiver!  a  common 
school  education;  became  connected  with  the  shoe- 
manufacturing  interest,  for  which  Lynn  is  noted ;  in 
1862  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Regiment  of  Massachu 
setts  Volunteer  Militia,  and  served  a  full  term:  upon 
receiving  his  discharge,  immediately  enlisted  in"  the 
Third  Regiment  of  Massachusetts  Cavalry;  lost  a  leg 
at  "Sheridan's"  Battle  of  Winchester,  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  in  1872  and  1874;  a  City  Assessor  of  Lynn  in 
1879  and  1880,  and  Mayor  in  1881  and  -1882;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Lovett,  John;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Connecti 
cut;  graduated  at  Yale  College;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1800  and  1801;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1813  to 
1814,  and  from  1815  to  1817.  Died  in  1818  in  Ohio. 

Low,  Frederick  F.;  was  a  Representative  from 
California  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  taking  his 
seat  during  the  second  session  thereof;  was  Governor 
of  California  from  1863  to  1865;  in  September,  1869; 
was  appointed  Minister  to  China  in  1871;  was  em 
powered  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  Corea. 

Low,  Isaac ;  was  a  merchant  of  New  York;  at 
first  a  prominent  Whig,  and  afterwards  a  Loyalist 
refugee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  1774  and  1775;  a  member  of  the  Committee  of 
Correspondence;  member  of  the  New  York  Provincial 
Congress  in  1775,  but  was  arrested  in  1776  on  sus 
picion  of  holding  correspondence  with  the  enemy;  in 
1782  was  President  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  he  was  attainted  of  treason,  his  property 
was  confiscated,  and  he  went  to  England,  where  he 
died  in  1791. 

Lowe,  David.  P.;  was  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York.  August  22,  1823;  graduated  at  the  Cin 
cinnati  College  in  1851;  practiced  law  until  1861; 
removed  to  Kansas;  was  a  membej  of  the  State 
Senate  in  Kansas  in  1863  and  1834;  Judge  of  the 
Sixth  Judicial  Court  of  Kansas  from  1867  to  1871; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Mines  and  Mining. 

Lowe,  Enoch.  L.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  in  1851 
was  elected  Governor  of  that  State,  serving  until 
1854. 

Lowe,  Ralph  P.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Ohio,  in  1805;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice;  in 
1839  removed  to  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  and  in  farming;  in  1849  re 
moved  to  Keokuk,  Iowa;  in  1853  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  First  Judicial  District;  in  1857,  while  serving  his 
second  term  as  District  Judge,  was  elected  Governor 
of  the  State;  before  the  close  of  his  term  was  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  for  the  term  of 
six  years;  became  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court;  de 
clined  a  re-nomination;  subsequently  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  Died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  Decem 
ber  22,  1883. 


Lowe,  William  Manning ;  was  born  at  Hunts- 
ville,  Alabama;  was  educated  at  Florence,  Alabama, 
at  the  University  of  Tennessee,  and  at  the  Univo.s- 
ity  of  Virginia  as  a  lawyer;  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  private  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  was  Solicitor  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit  ol 
Alabama  in  1865,  1866,  1867  and  1868;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1870;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  ol 
1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Lowell,  James  Russell ;  was  born  at  Cam 
bridge.  Massachusetts,  February  22,  1819;  graduated 
from  Harvard  University  in  1838;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  but  never  practiced; 
was  appointed  Professor,  to  succeed  Longfellow,  in 
1655;  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.  C.  L.  from 
Oxford  University,  in  1872,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from 
Cambridge  (England)  University,  in  1875;  devoted 
himself  to  literary  pursuits,  and  was  the  author  ol 
many  valuable  works;  became  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Spanish  Academy,  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  and  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
of  Philadelphia;  in  1877  was  appointed  United 
States  Minister  to  Spain,  and,  in  1880,  was  trans 
ferred  to  London  as  the  Representative  of  the  United 
States  to  Great  Britain. 

Lowell,  John ;  was  born  in  Newburyport,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1744;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1760,  and  settled  in  Boston  as  a  lawyer;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782  to  1783, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts;  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  District  Court,  for  the  Massachusetts 
District,  by  President  Washington,  in  1789;  in  1801 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  First  Circuit; 
was  a  member  of  the  Corporation  of  Harvard  College 
for  eighteen  years,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  that  institution;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  in  1791 
delivered  a  eulogy  on  its  late  President,  James  Bow- 
doin;  he  wrote  an  English  poem,  No.  3,  in  the 
"Pietas,"  printed  at  Cambridge.  Died  May  10, 
1802. 

Lowell,  John ;  was  born  at  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  October  18,  1824;  was  graduated  from  Harvard 
University  in  1843;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1846,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Boston;  in 
1865  was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for 
the  District  of  Massachusetts;  in  1878  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  It  is  a 
coincidence  that  the  great-grandfather  of  Mr.  Lowell 
held  the  same  positions  since  filled  by  his  great- 
grandson,  those  of  District  Judge  of  Massachusetts, 
and  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court 
for  the  Eastern  Circuit,  corresponding  with  the 
present  Circuit  Court. 

Lowell,  Joshua  A.;  was  born  in  Thoraaston, 
Maine,  March  20,  1801;  his  educational  advantages 
were  limited,  but  he  commenced  active  life  by  teach 
ing  school;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  coming 
to  the  bar  in  1826;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legis 
lature  in  1832,  1833, 1835,  and  1837;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1839  to  1843; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1844.  Died  in  Ma- 
chias,  Maine,  March  13,  1874. 

Lower,  Christian;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1805  to  1807. 

Lowndes,  Lloyd,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Clarksburg, 
West  Virginia,  February  21,  1845;  graduated  from 
Allegheny  College,  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  in  18f55; 


310 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


attended  law  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylva 
nia;  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1867;  removed  to 
Cumberland,  Maryland;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress  from  Maryland,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Lownd.es,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  1765;  received  a  thorough  educa 
tion  ;  was  one  of  the  most  enterprising  citizens  of  his 
native  city;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1801  to  1805,  and  was  distinguished 
for  his  talents.  Died  in  Charleston,  July  8, 1843.  His 
father.  Rawlins  Lowndes,  was  distinguished  for  his 
hostility  to  the  Federal  Constitution. 

Lowndes,  William ;  was  born  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  February  7,  1782;  was  educated  by  a 
private  tutor:  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1806 
and  1808;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  irom 
that  State  from  1811  to  18:22,  when,  from  ill-health, 
he  resigned;  in  1818  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means.  Died  while  on  a  voyage,  with 
his  family,  from  Philadelphia  to  London,  in  the  ship 
Moss,  October  27,  1822,  aged  forty-two  years.  He 
had  a  memory  of  uncommon  retentiveness ;  was  an 
elcquent  debater,  and  stood  in  the  first  rank  of  Amer 
ican  statesmen.  Henry  Clay  once  expressed  the 
opinion  that  Mr.  Lowndes  was  the  wisest  man  he  had 
ever  known  in  Congress. 

Lowrie,  "Walter;  was  born  in  1785;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1819  to  1825; 
was  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Senate  from  1825 
to  183G;  was  subsequently  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
'Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirty  years.  Died  in  New  York,  January  14,  1803. 
He  was  a  man  of  rare  ability,  and  eminent  for  his  de 
votion  to  the  cause  of  Foreign  Missions. 

Lowry,  Robert;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1824; 
emigrated  to  Rochester,  New  York,  in  early  youth; 
was  instructed  in  the  elementary  branches  at  private 
schools,  and  took  a  partial  academic  course,  but  was 
chielly  self-educated;  was  Librarian  of  Rochester 
Atheueum,  and  Young  Men's  Association;  studied 
law;  removed  to  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1843;  while 
yet  a  minor,  was  elected,  by  the  Common  Council,  as 
City  Recorder;  was  re-elected,  but  declined;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  settled  at  Goshen,  Indiana,  in 
the  practice  of  law  in  1846;  in  1852  was  appointed, 
by  the  Governor,  Circuit  Judge,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1856;  in 
1860  was  President  of  the  Democratic  State  Conven 
tion,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention;  in  1861  and  1862,  while  still  retaining 
his  residence  and  practice  in  Indiana,  had  a  law  office 
in  Chicago,  Illinois;  in  1864  was  elected  Circuit  Judge 
for  a  term  of  six  years;  in  1866  and  1868  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  Congress;  in  1867  resumed 
his  residence  in  Fort  Wayne;  in  1870  was  re-elected 
Circuit  Judge  without  opposition;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1872;  in  1875 
resigned  the  Judgeship  and  resumed  practice;  in 
1877,  upon  the  unanimous  recommendation  of  the 
bar,  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  Judge  of  the 
then  recently  created  Superior  Court,  and,  in  1878, 
was  elected  to  that  position,  lor  a  term  of  four  years, 
by  a  unanimous  popular  vote;  in  1879  was  elected  the 
first  President  of  the  Indiana  State  B:ir  Association; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Lowry,  Robert;  was  born  in  Chesterfield  Dis 
trict,  Sou  Hi  Carolina;  at  the  age  of  three  years  was 
removed,  by  his  parents,  to  Tennessee,  and  from 
there  to  Tishomingo  County,  Mississippi;  was  edu 


cated  in  the  common  schools;  while  still  a  lad  en 
tered  the  store  of  an  uncle,  at  Raleigh,  Smith  County, 
Mississippi,  as  a  salesman  and  collector;  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  began  business  for  himself;  at  the  age  of 
twenty,  married  and  settled  at  Brandon,  Rankin 
County,  Mississippi;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1859,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law 
at  Brandon;  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War, 
although  opposed  to  secession,  entered  the  Confed 
erate  Army  as  a  private;  was,  soon  after,  elected 
Major;  in  1862  was  promoted  to  Colonel;  in  1864  was 
promoted  to  Brigadier-General;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  twice 
elected  a  State  Senator;  served  but  one  session  of  bis 
second  term,  when  he  resigned;  in  1872  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1877 
was  the  leading  candidate  of  his  party  for  Governor, 
but  lost  the  nomination  by  the  combination  of  all  the 
opposing  forces;  in  1881  was  elected  Governor  of  Mis 
sissippi  for  a  term  of  four  years;  in  1885  was  re-elected 
without  opposition;  should  he  serve  throughout  his 
second  term,  he  will  have  occupied  the  gubernatorial 
chair  longer  than  any  of  his  predecessors. 

Loyall,  George  ;  was  born  at  Norfolk,  Virginia, 
May  29,  1789;  graduated  from  William  and  Mary 
College  in  1808;  in  1815  visited  England;  on  his  re 
turn,  in  1817,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Virginia,  and  served  ten  years:  in  1829 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  amend  the  State 
Constitution;  from  1831  to  1837  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress;  in  1837  was  appointed  Navy  Agent  at 
Norfolk,  and,  Avith  the  exception  of  two  years  occu 
pied  that  position  until  the  breaking  out  "of  the  Re 
bellion. 

Lubbock,  P.  R.;  was  Governor  of  Texas  from 
1861  to  1865. 

Lucas,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  wae  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  Sin"  °  from  1833 
to  J837:  was  subsequently  appointed  ^.ovormnent 
superintendent  at  Harper's  Ferry,  where  lie  died 
March  4,  1858. 

^  Lucas,  John  B.  C.;  was  born  in  Normandy, 
France,  in  1762;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Caen,  where  he  graduated  as  Doctor  of  Civil  and 
Common  Law  in  1782;  practiced  his  profession  in  his 
native  country  two  years;  then  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  settled  on  a  farm  near  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  where,  in  connection  with  agricultural 
pursuits,  he  do^'oted  himself  to  acquiring  the  English 
language,  and  making  himself  acquainted  with  the 
iiistory,  Constitution,  and  laws  of  his  adopted  coun 
try;  soon  gained  the  confidence  of  the  people,  and  in 
1792  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
served  as  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 

his  District;  in  1802  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
L'ongrcss,  and  re-elected  in  1804;  in  1805  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Jourt  in  Upper  Louisiana,  when  he  resigned  his  seat 

n  Congress,  and  removed  to  St.  Louis;  was  also 
IJonmiissioner  of  Land  Titles  in  that  Territory;  held 
:he  office  of  Judge  until  1820,  when  he  retired  to 
private  life  on  a  farm  adjoining  the  city  of  St.  Louis, 
where  he  died  in  September,  1842. 

Lucas,  Robert ;  was  born  at  Shepherdstown, 
Virginia,  April  1,  1781;  his  father,  a  Captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army,  was  descended  from  William 
Penn;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1800;  was  Major-General 
>f  Militia;  appointed  Captain  of  the  Nineteenth 
United  States  Infantry,  March  14,  1812;  Lieutenani>- 
Colonel,  February  20,  1813;  resigned  June  30,  1813; 
was  Brigadier-General  of  Ohio  Militia  in  defense  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


311 


the  frontier  in  1813;  member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature 
in  1814;  President  of  the  Democratic  National  Con 
vention,  May,  1832;  was  Governor  of  Ohio  from  1832 
to  1836;  first  Territorial  Governor  of  Iowa  from  1838 
to  1841 ;  was  a  prominent  Free  Mason.  Died  at  Iowa 
City,  February  7,  1853. 

Lucas,  "William;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  from  1843  to  1845. 

Ludlow,  George  Craig ;  was  born  at  Milford, 
New  Jersey,  April  6,  1830 ;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  graduating  from  Rutgers  College  in  1850; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  as  a  profession ;  held 
several  county  offices  at  different  periods;  in  1876 
was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  in  the  second  year 
of  his  term  was  made  President  of  the  Senate;  de 
clined  a  re-nomination;  in  1880  was  elected  Governor 
of  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  three  years  from  Jan 
uary,  1881. 

Lumpkin,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Oglethorpe 
County,  Georgia,  June  13,  1812;  was  educated  at 
Franklin  and  Yale  Colleges;  served  for  a  time  as 
Secretary  in  the  Executive  Department  of  Georgia; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1853;  in  1838 
was  Solicitor-General  of  the  Cherokee  Circuit;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1843 
to  1849,  and  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress;  also,  for  three  years,  held  the  office  of  Judge 
of  the  Cherokee  Circuit  Court,  and  that  of  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  Died  in  Rome, 
Georgia,  in  1860. 

Lumpkin,  Wilson;  was  born  in  Pittsylvania 
County,  Virginia,  January  14,  1783;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education,  and  while  engaged  as  a  copy 
ing-clerk  in  his  father's  office,  studied  law;  soon 
after  attaining  the  age  of  twenty-one  was  sent  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  a 
number  of  years;  was  twice  elected  Governor  of 
Georgia;  served  in  the  Federal  House  of  Representa 
tives  from  1815  to  1817,  and  from  1827  to  1831;  in 
1823  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  to  mark  out 
the  boundary  line  between  Georgia  and  Florida;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  a  Commissioner 
under  the  Cherokee  treaty  of  1835;  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  Public  Works;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

Luna  Tranquilino ;  was  born  at  Los  Lunas,  New 
Mexico,  February  23,  1849;  was  elected  the  Delegate 
from  New  Mexico  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Luttrell,  John  K.;  was  born  in  Knox  County, 
Tennessee,  June  27,  1831;  resided  in  California 
twenty -two  years;  was  self-educated;  studied  and 
practiced  law ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Cali 
fornia  in  1863,  1865,  and  1871;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Public  Expenditures  and  Civil  Service;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Lyle,  Aaron;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1809  to  1817.  Died  September  24,  1825. 

Lyman,  Joseph;  was  born  at  Lyons,  Oakland 
County,  Michigan,  September  13,  1840;  when 
eighteen  months  old  his  parents  removed  to  De 
fiance,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  1857,  when, 
nis  father  having  died,  his  family  removed  to  Potta- 


wattamie  County,  Iowa;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  Ohio  and  at  the  Iowa  College,  at 
Grinnell,  Iowa;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861,  as 
a  private  in  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Cavalry; 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Major,  serving  a  portion  of  the 
time  on  stair'  duty,  as  Aid-de-camp;  at  the  time  he 
was  mustered  out  of  service,  in  1865,  was  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Army  of  the  Rio  Grande;  graduated 
from  the  Law  Department  of  the  Iowa  State  Univers 
ity,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Council 
Bluffs,  Iowa;  was  Enrolling  Clerk  in  the  State  House 
of  Representatives  in  1866;  from  1867  to  1870  was 
Deputy  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue;  from  Janu 
ary,  1884,  to  December  of  the  same  year  was  Circuit 
Judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial  District  of  Iowa;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from.  Iowa  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Lyman,  Joseph  S.;  was  born  in  Hampden, 
Massachusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821. 

Lyman,  Samuel ;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1770;  from  1786  to  1788  served  in  the  Legis 
lature,  and  from  1790  to  1793  as  State  Senator;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1795  to  1800,  when  he  resigned.  Died  in  1802. 

Lyman,  Theodore;  was  born  at  Waltham, 
Massachusetts,  August  23,  1833;  graduated  from 
Harvard  University^  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1855,  and 
as  Bachelor  of  Science  in  1858;  afterwards  gave  much 
of  his  time  to  zoological  studies,  which  he  pursued 
both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe;  wrote  a  number 
of  papers  upon  zoological  subjects;  from  1863  to  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  and 
Aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  Meade; 
from  1865  to  1882  was  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  of 
the  State  of  Massachusetts,  during  which  time  he 
conducted  the  first  successful  experiments  in  fish 
culture  carried  out  by  a  State;  became  a  member  of 
the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Science,  of  the 
National  Academy,  and  of  the  Societe  Linnienne  de 
Bordeaux,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  Peabody  Fund ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Lyman,  "William ;  was  a  native  of  Northampton, 
Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1776; 
was  Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1787,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1789; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1793  to  1797; 
was  appointed  Consul  to  London  in  1805,  where  he 
died,  October,  1811,  aged  about  fifty-eight  years. 

Lynch,  Charles;  was  Governor  of  Mississippi 
from  1835  to  1837;  his  uncle,  John  Lynch,  was  the 
founder  of  Lynchburg,  in  Virginia,  and  his  father, 
bearing  his  own  name,  was  a  distinguished  officer  in 
the  Revolutionary  Avar;  the  term  "Lynch  law,"  was 
occasioned  by  his  apprehending  and  punishing,  with 
out  legal  ceremony  or  delay,  a  lawless  band  of  desper 
adoes  and  Tories  who  had  infested  the  country  where 
he  had  command.  Died,  near  Natchez,  February  16 
1853. 

Lynch,  John;  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine, 
February  15, 1825;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  that  city;  adopted  the  business  of  a  merchant; 
served  two  terms  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Banking 
and  Currency,  and  the  Bankrupt  Law;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  and 
as  Chairman  of  Navy  Department  and  Banking  and 
Currency  Committees. 


312 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Lynch,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Concordia  Parish, 
Louisiana,  September  10,  1847;  was  a  slave  until 
emancipated  by  the  Rebellion;  a  purchaser  of  his 
mother,  carried  her  with  her  children  to  Natchez, 
where  he  attended  evening  school  for  a  few  months, 
and  by  private  study,  acquired  a  good  English  edu 
cation;  engaged  in  'the  business  of  photography  at 
Natchez  until  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
frgm  Adams  County  in  1870,  and  re-elected  in  1871, 
serving  the  last  term  as  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Mines  and  Mining,  and  Interior  De 
partment;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Lynch,  Thomas;  was  a  Delegate  from  South 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to 
1776,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  bearing  the  same 
name,  who  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
had  also  been  a  Delegate  to  the  Colonial  Congress  in 
1765. 

Lynch,  Thomas,  Jr.;  was  born  on  the  North 
Santee  River,  Parish  of  Prince  George,  South  Caro 
lina,  Augusts,  1749;  was  educated  at  Eton,  England; 
entered  at  Cambridge,  and  finished  his  legal  studies 
in  the  Temple;  returned  home  determined  to  strike 
for  liberty;  in  1775  was  commissioned  a  Captain  in 
the  Militia  service;  in  1776  was  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  to  succeed  his  father,  and 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  in 
1779  sailed  for  Europe  for  the  benefit  of  his  health, 
and  the  vessel  in  which  he  embarked  was  never  seen 
after  her  departure  from  port. 

Lynde,  William  Pitt ;  was  born  in  Sherburne, 
Chenango  County,  New  York,  December  16.  1817; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  18:58;  emigrated  to 
Wisconsin  in  1841,  and  settled  at  Milwaukee;  in  1844 
was  Attorney-General  of  the  Territory;  in  1845  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  of  Wiscon 
sin,  and  held  the  position  until  the  admission  of  the 
State;  in  1848  was  elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress;  in  I860  was  elected  Mayor  of  Milwaukee;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  in  1866,  and  elected  a 
State  Senator  in  1868;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Lyndon,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  March  10,  1721;  was  Governor  of  the  State  in 
1768.  Died  at  Warren,  March  30,  1778. 

Lyon,  Asa ;  was  born  at  Pomfret,  Connecticut, 
December  31,  1763;  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
College  in  1791;  shortly  after  his  graduation  removed 
to  South  Hero,  Vermont;  was  appointed  Chief  Judge 
of  Grand  Isle  County  in  1805,  serving  as  such  for 
nine  years;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  as  a  Rep 
resentative  from  South  Hero  in  1800,  1802,  1804, 
1805,  1806  and  1808,  and  from  Grand  Isle  in  1810, 
1811,  1812,  1813  and  1814;  was  a  member  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  Council  in  1808;  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress  from  1815  to  1817;  was  a  member  of  the 
Cor]x>ration  of  the  University  of  Vermont  from  1814 
to  18:21  inclusive;  he  is  said  to  have  been  a  second 
cousin  of  Robert  Burns,  the  Scotch  poet;  was,  for 
many  years,  and  until  his  death,  an  able  preacher  of 
the  Gospel;  although  never  regularly  installed,  he 
preferred  the  Calvinistic  form  of  worship;  was  dis 
tinguished  for  his  ripe  scholarship  and  eloquence;  by 
rigid  economy  and  prudence  he  amassed  wealth. 
Died  at  South  Hero.  April  4,  1841.  His  published 
sermons  and  patriotic;  addresses  indicate  a  high  order 
of  talent  and  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  modern 
and  classic  literature. 


Lyon,  Caleb,  of  Lyondale ;  was  born  at  Lyon- 
dale,  New  York,  December  7,  1822;  graduated  at  the 
Norwich  University  of  Vermont  in  1841;  traveled 
extensively  in  Europe;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Consul  at  Shanghai,  China;  on  his  return 
visited  Mexico,  Brazil,  Chili,  Peru,  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  and  California;  was  Secretary  of  the  Conven 
tion  called,  in  18-19,  to  form  a  Constitution  for  Cali 
fornia,  and  designed  the  coat  of  arms  for  the  Golden 
State;  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe,  and  extended 
his  travels  to  Egypt  and  the  Holy  Land;  from  his 
native  State  was  elected  to  the  Assembly,  but  on  the 
question  of  enlarging  the  Erie  Canal,  which  he 
favored,  he  resigned,  and  was.  during  the  same  year, 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty-third  Congress  from  New  York; 
while  in  Europe  he  was  identified  with  the  Koszta 
affair  as  the  friend  of  Captain  Duncan  N.  Ingraham; 
the  title  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
Norwich  University  of  Vermont;  in  February,  1864, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Governor  of 
Idaho;  on  his  return  to  Washington  in  December, 
18i>6,  was  robbed  on  the  railway  between  Washing 
ton  and  New  York,  of  $47,000.  Died  on  Staten 
Island,  September  8,  1875. 

Lyon,  Chittenden ;  was  born  in  Vermont,  in 
1786;  removed  to  Kentucky  in  his  fifteenth  year; 
served  in  both  Houses  of  the  State  Legislature;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1827  to  1835.  Died  in  Caldwell  County,  Kentucky, 
in  November,  1842.  He  was  the  son  of  Matthew 
Lyon. 

Lyon,  Francis  S.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
settled  in  Alabama;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1835  to  1839. 

Lyon,  Lucius ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  emigrated 
to  Michigan  when  quite  a  young  man ;  devoted  him 
self  for  a  number  of  years  to  the  business  of  survey 
ing  the  wild  lands  of  the  Territory;  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress  from  that  Territory  during  the  years  1833, 
1834  and  1835;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  the 
State  of  Michigan  from  1836  to  1840;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  his  last 
public  position  was  that  of  Surveyor-General  in  the 
Northwest.  Died  at  Detroit,  September  25,  1851. 


Lyon,  Mathew ;  was  born  in  Wicklow  County, 
Ireland,  in  1746;  emigrated  to  this  country  when 
thirteen  years  of  age;  participated  to  some  extent  in 
the  Revolutionary  struggle,  having,  in  1777,  been  ap 
pointed  temporary  Paymaster  of  the  Northern  Army, 
and  in  1778  Deputy-Secretary  of  the  Governor  of 
Vermont,  and  at  the  same  time  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Confiscation;  settled  in  Vermont  after  the  war;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1779, 
and  the  four  succeeding  years;  in  1783  founded  the 
town  of  Fairhaven,  where  he  built  saw-mills,  grist 
mills,  established  a  forge  or  iron  foundry,  manufac 
tured  paper  from  bassvvood,  and  established  a  news 
paper  called  The  Farmers'  Library;  served  that  iown 
in  the  Legislature  ten  years;  in  1786  was  Assistant 
Judge  of  Rutland  County;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Vermont  from  1797  to  1801.  and  it  was 
during  his  first  term  that  he  had  a  personal  difficulty, 
on  the  floor  of  Congress,  with  Roger  Griswold,  of 
Connecticut,  when  an  unsuccessful  effort  was  made  to 
have  him  expelled;  the  fact  of  his  giving  the  vote 
that  made  Jeffgrson  President  created  a  great  sensa 
tion  at  the  time;  at  the  end  of  his  second  term  as  a 
Representative  from  Vermont,  he  removed  to  Ken 
tucky;  established  the  first  printing  office  in  that 
State,  transporting  the  type  on  horse  back  across  the 
mountains;  served  two  years  in  the  Legislature  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


313 


that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Kentucky  from  1803  to  1811 ;  on  November  13,  1811, 
after  his  final  retirement  from  Congress,  the  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  presented  a  petition 
from  him,  setting  forth  that  he  had,  many  years  be 
fore,  been  prosecuted  and  convicted  under  the  sedi 
tion  law  (see  "  State  Trials  of  the  United  States  "); 
that  he  had  suffered  imprisonment,  and  been  made 
to  pay  the  sum  of  one  thousand  and  sixty  dollars  and 
ninety  cents,  and  that  he  wished  to  have  the  money 
refunded  to  him;  on  July  4,  1840,  a  law  was  passed, 
paying  to  his  heirs  the  specified  sum,  with  interest, 
from  February,  1790;  it  was  while  in  prison  at  Ver- 
gennes,  that  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  Ver 
mont,  and  at  the  close  of  his  services  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  he  was  employed  to  build  gun-boats 
for  the  war,  but  became  bankrupt  from  the  specula 
tion;  in  1820  was  appointed  a  Factor  among  the 
Cherokee  Indians  in  Arkansas;  when  that  Territory 
was  organized  he  was  elected  the  first  Delegate  to 
Congress,  but  did  not  live  to  take  his  seat,  having 
died  at  Spadre  Bluff",  Arkansas,  August  1,  1822.  A 
sketch  of  his  life  was  printed  in  1858  by  Pliny  H. 
White,  of  Vermont. 

Lyons,  H.  A.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Califor 
nia;  in  1851  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  for  the 
United  States  Court  of  that  Territory,  he  and  the  two 
Associate  Justices  each  receiving  a  salary  of  ten 
thousand  dollars. 

Lytle,  Robert  T.;  was  distinguished  as  a  public 
speaker;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1833  to  1835.  Died  in  New  Orleans,  December  21, 
1839. 

MacDonald,  Moses ;  was  born  in  Limerick, 
York  County,  Maine,  April  8,  1815;  practiced  law 
from  1837  to  1845;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Leg 
islature  in  1841  and  1842;  in  1845  was  Speaker  of 
the  House;  in  1847,  1848,  and  1849  served  as  Treas 
urer  of  the  State;  represented  the  First  Congressional 
District  in  the  Thirty -second  and  Thirty-third  Con 
gresses;  in  April,  18,57,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Collector  for  the  Districts  of  Portland  and 
Falmouth.  Died  in  Saco,  Maine,  October  18,  1869. 

MacDougall,  Clinton  D.;  was  born  in  Scotland, 
June  14, 1839;  came  to  America  in  1842;  received  an 
academic  education,  and  studied  law;  was  engaged 
in  banking  business  from  1856  to  1869;  raised  a  com 
pany  of  Volunteers  in  1861 ;  went  to  Florida  with  his 
regiment;  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1862,  and 
Colonel  in  1863;  commanded  atCentreville,  Virginia, 
in  1863;  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  com 
manded  a  Brigade  at  Gettysburg,  until  the  close  of 
the  war;  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  in  1864; 
returned  home  after  the  war  to  pursue  business;  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  the  city  of  Auburn  in  1869; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs. 

Mace,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Pickaway  County, 
Ohio.  September  5,  1811;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  became  of  age; 
having  read  law  in  Indiana,  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  the  profession  to  which  he  was  long  devoted; 
was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  Legislature  in  1836; 
Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1837;  served 
as  United  States  Attorney  for  Indiana  during  Presi 
dent  Polk's  administration;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Indiana  from  1851  to  1855  as  a  Dem 
ocrat,  and  from  1855  to  1857  as  an  Independent  Can 
didate,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post  Office  and  Post  Roads;  on  retiring  from  his  pro 


fession  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Post 
master  of  Lafayette,  Indiana.  Died  by  suicide  at 
Lafayette,  Indiana,  July  26,  1867. 

Machen,  "Willis  B.;  was  born  in  Caldwell 
County,  Kentucky,  April  10,  1810;  received  an  ordi 
nary  education;  was  a  farmer;  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Constitutional  Convention  of  1849;  a  Senator 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1854,  and  a  member  of 
the  Lower  House  in  1856  and  1860;  was  a  member  of 
the  Confederate  Congress  for  three  years;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Garrett  Davis,  and  served  until 
1873;  served  on  the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Machir,  James  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1797  to  1799.  Died  June 

25,  1827. 

Mackey,  Edmund  W.  M.;  was  born  at  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  March  8,  1846;  received  a  good 
school  education,  but  was  prevented  by  the  Civil 
War  from  entering  college,  for  which  he  was  prepar 
ing;  was  appointed  Assistant  Assessor  of  Internal 
Revenue  in  1835;  took  a  prominent  part  in  organiz 
ing  the  Republican  party  in  the  State,  and  in  carry 
ing  out  the  Reconstruction  Acts;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  in  1868;  was  Sheriff  of  Charleston 
County  for  four  years;  in  1868  was  elected  Alderman 
of  the  city,  and  was  re-elected  in  1873;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  Convention  of  1872;  in  1873 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives;  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Charles 
ton  Republican  in  1871  and  1872;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  in  1876  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1880;  was  Assistant  United  States  Attorney 
from  1878  to  1881;  was  again  a  Representative  in 
the  Forty -seventh  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty - 
eighth  Congress.  Died  at  Washington,  January  28, 
1884. 

Mackey,  L.  A.;  was  born  in  White-Deer  Town 
ship,  Union  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  25, 
1819;  received  a  good  academic  education;  graduated 
at  Union  College,  New  York;  studied  law  at  Dick 
inson  College,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840,  removed 
to  Lock  Haven  and  practiced  his  profession  there ;  in 
1852  was  a  member  of  the  Whig  Convention  held  in 
Baltimore;  in  1870  was  elected  Mayor  at  Lock  Haven; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1872; 
in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  took  special  in 
terest  in  the  railroads  and  the  normal  schools  of  his 
District;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Maclanahan,  James  X.;  was  born  in  Antrim, 
Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1809;  graduated 
at  Dickinson  College  in  1826;  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  in  Chambersburg;  in  1841  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  in  1849  was  elected  to  Congress;  re- 
elected  in  1851,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary.  Died  about  the  year  1864. 

Maclay,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1797;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1808,  when  he  re 
signed. 

Maclay,  "William;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1789  to  1791;  was  one  of 
those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government 
on  the  Potomac;  in  1797  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 
Died  in  April,  1804. 


314 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Maclay,  William ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia;  held  the  offices  of  County  Commissioner  and 
Associate  Judge;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819.  Died 
January  4,  1825,  aged  fifty-nine  years.  • 

Maclay,  William  B.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1815;  graduated  at  the  University  of  New 
York,  where  he  subsequently  officiated  for  a  time  as 
Professor  of  Latin ;  was  also  a  Trustee,  as  well  as 
Secretary  of  the  University;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  in  1836  was  associate  editor  of  the  New 
York  Quarterly  Magazine;  was  an  active  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  New  York  for  several  years;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
in  1843;  was  re-elected  in  1845  and  1847,  and  again 
elected  in  1857,  serving  generally  on  important  Com 
mittees;  was  re-elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Maclay,  William  P.;  was  born  in  Northum 
berland  County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1816  to  1821,  hav 
ing  first  entered  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
Thomas  Burnside. 

Macon,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Warren  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  in  1757;  his  early  youth  was 
marked  by  diligence  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge, 
and  he  was  sent  to  Princeton  College  to  complete  his 
education,  but  the  troubles  of  the  Revolution  closed 
the  halls  of  that  institution,  and  he  returned  home 
and  volunteered  as  a  private  in  a  company  com 
manded  by  his  brother,  having  refused  a  higher  posi 
tion  ;  while  in  the  army  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly,  in  which  he  served  for  several 
years;  in  1791  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  continued  a  member  of  that  body  until 
transferred  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1815, 
where  he  served  until  1828;  from  1801  to  1805  was 
Spe-.iker  of  the  House,  and  from  1825  to  1828  was 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate;  was  for  thirty-seven 
years  a  member  of  the  House  or  Senate,  and  was 
called  the  Father  of  the  House,  having  served  a 
longer  time  in  that  body  than  any  other  man;  in 
1828  his  native  State,  in  honor  of  his  services,  named 
a  county  for  him;  afterwards  returned  to  the  General 
Assembly;  in  1835  was  President  of  the  "  Constitu 
tional  Convention"  of  the  State;  was  Presidential 
Elector  in  1836.  Died  suddenly  at  his  residence, 
June  29,  1837. 

Macy,  JohnB.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Wisconsin  from  1853  to  1855;  resided  at 
Fond  du  Lac;  was  lost  by  the  burning  of  the  steam 
boat  Niagara  on  Lake  Michigan. 

Madison,  G-eorge;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1763;  removed  to  Kentucky  when  a  boy;  when  sev 
enteen  years  of  age,  served  as  a  soldier  on  the  west 
ern  frontier,  and  engaged  in  several  battles  with  the 
Indians;  commanded  a  company,  and  was  wounded, 
under  St.  Clair;  was  Lieutenant  in  the  Kentucky 
Mounted  Volunteers  under  Major  Adair;  wounded 
near  Fort  St.  Clair,  November  6,  1792;  was  Major  in 
that  regiment,  and  was  in  the  Battle  of  Frenchtown, 
January  18,  1813;  was  under  Wilkinson  at  the 
River  Raisin,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner;  was 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  for  twenty  years;  was 
chosen  Governor  of  Kentucky  for  four  years  in  1816; 
but  a  few  weeks  after  his  election  died  at  Paris,  Ken 
tucky,  October  14,  1816. 

Madison,  James  ;  was  born  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock  River,  in  Virginia,  March  16,  1751;  after  due 


preparation  entered  Princeton  College  in  1769,  and 
graduated  in  1771,  going  through  the  junior  and 
senior  studies  in  one  year;  remained  at  the  college 
until  1772,  for  the  purpose  of  studying  Hebrew;  in 
1776  was  sent  to  the  General  Assembly;  in  1778  was 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council;  from  1779  to 
1785  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and 
was  again  elected  in  1786;  was  a  member  of  the 
"Convention  at  Philadelphia"  which  framed  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  under  the 
Constitution,  from  1789  to  1797;  was  one  of  those 
who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac;  in  1798  went  again  into  the  Assembly;  in 
1800  was  an  Elector  for  President;  in  1801  was  Secre 
tary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  which  office  he 
held  until  1809,  when  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  served  two  entire  terms;  after 
leaving  the  Executive  Chair,  he  retired  to  private 
life  on  his  estate,  known  as  Montpelier;  was  subse 
quently  a  Visitor  and  Rector  of  the  University  of 
Virginia;  in  1829  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Con 
vention,"  which  was  the  last  public  position  he  held. 
He  was  one  of  the  contributors  to  the  Federalist,  and 
his  collected  State  papers  and  miscellaneous  writings 
have  been  published  in  several  volumes;  his  "Report 
of  the  Debates  in  the  Federal  Convention  of  1787" 
having  been  accepted  as  a  political  text-book  of  great 
value.  Died  at  Montpelier,  Orange  County,  Virginia, 
June  28,  1836;  a  work  on  his  Life  and  Times  was 
published  by  William  C.  Rives  in  1861. 

Magee,  John ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  state  from  1827 
to  1831.  Died  at  Watkins,  New  York,  April  5, 1868. 

Magee,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Perry  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  14,  1827;  worked  in  the  City 
of  Washington  as  a  journeyman  printer;  was  for  twen 
ty  years  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Perry  County 
Democrat;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1863; 
a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at 
New  York  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Magee,  Rufus ;  was  born  at  Logansport,  Indi 
ana,  October  17,  1845;  his  early  education  was  ac 
quired  in  the  common  schools;  served  an  apprentice 
ship  in  a  printing  office;  took  a  course  in  college-: 
graduated  from  the  Indiana  Law  School  in  Apr  1, 
18»7:  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Logansport,  Indiana;  was,  for  ten 
years,  connected  with  the  press  of  Indiana  as  an  edi 
tor  and  publisher;  in  1882  was  elected  a  State  Sena 
tor  of  Indiana;  in  March,  1883,  was  elected  President 
of  the  Senate ;  served  in  the  State  Senate  three  and 
one-half  years;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  United  States  Minister  Resident 
to  Sweden  and  Norway. 

Magill,  'Charles ;  was  appointed  by  President 
Adams,  on  the  last  day  of  his  term,  in  1801,  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Fourth  Circuit. 

Maginnis,  Martin ;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
New  York,  October  27,  1840;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  Minnesota;  was  a  student  of  Hamlin  Uni 
versity,  but  left  to  take  charge  of  a  newspaper;  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  the  Volunteer  Infantry  in  1861, 
was  made  Second  Lieutenant  after  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run;  promoted  to  Captain  in  1863;  served  in 
nearly  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  un 
til  1864,  when  he  was  appointed  Major  of  the 
Eleventh  Minnesota  Volunteers,  and  ordered  to  join 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  where  he  served  until 
mustered  out  in  1865;  removed  to  Montana  the  next 
.year;  engaged  in  mining,  and  in  publishing  and  edit- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


315 


the  Helena  Daily  Gazette;  was  elected  a  delegate 
n  Montana  to  the  Forty-third  Congress;  was  re- 
cted  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
rty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

lagoffin,  Beriah ;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky 
a  1859  to  1861. 

lagoon,  Henry  S.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
iticello,  Lafayette  County,  Wisconsin,  January 
o  1832;  entered  the  Rock  River  Seminary,  at 
Moant  Morris,  Illinois,  in  1848,  and  there  remained 
most  of  the  time,  until  June,  1851,  devoted  to  classi 
cal  and  other  studies;  in  1851  entered  the  Western 
Military  College,  at  Drennon,  Kentucky,  where  he. 
graduated  in  1853;  attended  the  Montrose  Law 
School  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky;  in  1855  was  ap 
pointed  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  Nashville 
University,  Tennessee,  where  he  remained  till  1857, 
when,  resigning,  he  returned  to  Wisconsin  and  began 
the  practice  of  law;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in 
1858;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1871  and 
1872;  was  the  first  native  of  Wisconsin  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  or  to  Congress;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress  from  the  Third  District  of 
Wisconsin,  in  1874. 

Magrath,  A.  GK;  was  Governor  of  South  Caro 
lina  in  1864  and  1865. 

Magrucler,  Allan  B. ;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky ; 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  removed  to  Louisiana;  in 
1805  published  "  Reflections  on  the  Cession  of  Louis 
iana  to  the  United  States";  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1812  to  1813;  he  had  col 
lected  materials  for  a  general  history  of  the  Indians. 
Died  at  Opelousas,  Louisiana,  in  April,  1822. 

Magruder,  Patrick ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  in  1768;  was  educated  at  Prince 
ton  College ;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1805 
to  1807;  was  Clerk  of  the  United  States  House  of 
Representatives  from  1807  to  1815,  performing  at  the 
same  time  the  duties  of  Librarian  of  Congress. 
Died  in  Petersburg,  Virginia,  in  1819  or  1820. 

Magruder,  Richard  B.;  was  a  native  of  Mary 
land;  studied  law,  and  became  a  leading  member  of 
the  bar  of  Baltimore ;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Maryland. 
Died  in  Baltimore,  February  11,  1844. 

Mahon,  David  W.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
AVUS  appointed  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  First 
Auditor  in  1842;  promoted  to  the  position  of  Chief 
Clerk  in  1853;  in  1871  was  appointed  First  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury. 

Malione,  William;  was  born  at  Southampton, 
Virginia,  in  1827;  graduated  from  the  Virginia  Mili 
tary  Institute  in  1847;  became  a  Civil  Engineer  and 
engaged  in  railroad  construction;  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank 
of  Major-General;  became  largely  interested  in  rail 
roads,  and  President  of  a  railroad  company;  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Virginia 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881. 

Mahoney,  Peter  P.;  was  born  in  the  City  of 
New  York,  June  25,  1848;  was  educated  in  the 
grammar  schools  of  New  York  City;  was  engaged  in 
the  dry- goods  business  for  several  years;  never  held 
any  public  office  prior  to  1884,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 


Maish,  Levi;  was  born  in  York  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  November  22,  1837;  received  a  good  aca 
demic  education;  took  an  interest  in  machinery,  and 
devoted  much  attention  to  business  of  that  nature;, 
participated  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  and  at  the  battle  of  Antietam  received  a> 
bullet  in  the  right  lung,  which  the  surgeons  were  un 
able  to  extract;  as  Colonel  commanded  at  Chancel- 
lorsville,  and  was  wounded  in  the  right  hip;  soon 
afterwards  left  the  military  service;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1864;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1867;  in  1872  was  appointed,  by  the 
Legislature,  to  examine  certain  county  accounts:  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Majors,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Jefferson  Coun 
ty,  Iowa,  June  25,  1841;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Nebraska  in  1860;  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  18G1 
as  a  First  Lieutenant,  and  served  until  1866,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Council;  when  Nebraska  was  admit 
ted  as  a  State  served  in  the  first  State  Senate,  and 
was  re-elected,  serving  until  appointed  Assessor  of 
Internal  Revenue,  in  1869;  held  the  latter  office  until 
its  abolition  by  act  of  Congress;  was  elected  a  con 
tingent  member  of  Congress  in  1876  and  1878;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Nebraska  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress  in  the  place  of  Frank  Welch,  deceased;, 
was  again  elected  a  contingent  member  of  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress. 

Malbone,  Francis;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1793  to  1797;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1809.  Died  June  4,  1809. 

Mallary,  Rollin  C.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  in  1784;  graduated  at  Middlebury  Col 
lege  in  1805;  represented  the  State  of  Vermont  in 
Congress  from  18'20  to  1831,  and  took  an  active  part, 
as  Chairman  of  an  important  committee,  in  all  mat 
ters  appertaining  to  commerce;  was  held  in  the  highest 
estimation  both  for  his  public  acts  and  private  vir 
tues.  Died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  April  16,  1831. 

Mallory,  Francis  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a. 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837 
to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Nor 
folk,  March  26,  1860. 

Mallory,  Meredith;  was  born  in  Connecticut ,- 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Mallory,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Madison  County, 
Virginia,  November  15,  1815;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia  in  1827;  removed  to  Kentucky  in 
1839,  where  he  devoted  the  most  of  his  life  to  agricul 
tural  pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals- 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Convention  "  of  1866- 
in  1875  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Cen 
tennial  Exhibition,  and  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dents. 

Mallory,  Rufus  ;  was  born  in  Chenango  County, 
New  York,  June  10,  1831;  in  1855  removed  to  Iowa| 
where  he  resided  three  years;  in  1858  settled  in 
Oregon,  and  having  studied  law,  came  to  the  bar  in 
1861;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  Prosecuting  At- 


316 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


torney  for  the  First  Judicial  District;  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  after  serving  one- 
session,  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the 
Third  Judicial  District,  which  office  he  held  until 
1866;  in  that  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Oregon  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Mines  and  Mining,  and  the  Pacific  Rail 
way. 

»  Mallory,  Stephen  R.;  was  born  in  Nassau 
about  1810;  removed  to  Key  West,  Florida,  when 
young;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  that 
State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Nashville  Convention" 
of  1850;  was  at  one  time  a  correspondent  for  the  New 
York  Herald;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Florida, 
having  been  elected  in  1851,  serving  continuously, 
by  re-election,  until  1861;  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims;  was  expelled  March  11,  1861,  and 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion,  as  Secretary  of  the  Con 
federate  Navy;  after  the  Rebellion  was  arrested  as  a 
Prisoner  of  State;  was  released,  on  his  parole,  in 
March,  1866,  and  in  1867  was  pardoned  by  President 
Johnson. 

Manderson,  Charles  F.;  was  born  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  February  9,  1837;  received  the 
best  scholastic  advantages  obtainable  in  that  city;  in 
1855  removed  to  Canton,  Ohio;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  was  soon  after  elected 
City  Solicitor,  and  was  re-elected  the  following  year; 
in  April,  1861,  enlisted  a  company  of  volunteer 
troops,  and  entered  the  Union  Army  as  its  Captain ; 
served  with  distinguished  gallantry  in  many  of  the 
most  important  battles  of  the  war,  and  was  severely 
wounded;  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brevet  Brig 
adier-General  "for  gallant,  long-continued,  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  entire  war  of  the  Re 
bellion";  resigned  in  1865,  because  of  disability,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Canton ;  was  elected 
District  Attorney,  and  re-elected;  in  1869  removed 
to  Omaha,  Nebraska;  was  President  of  the  State  Bar 
Association  for  two  terms;  was  City  Attorney  for 
five  years;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1871  and  1874;  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Nebraska  for  the  term  of  six 
years,  from  March  4,  1883. 

Maney,  George  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee;  in 
1882  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Bo 
livia. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.;  was  born  in  Orange  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  in  1792;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  that  State  in  1815;  studied  law;  rose  to 
eminence  in  his  profession;  entered  into  politics;  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Commons  in  1818;  in  1819 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  from  1823 
to  1826  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress-  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1829;  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  in  1831;  re-elected  in  1841;  re-elected 
for  a  third  term  of  six  years,  in  1847,  serving  from 

12  to  1845  as  President  pro  tern,  of  tfie  Senate;  in 
1837  received  eleven  electoral  votes  for  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  during  the  administration  of 
President  Tyler  was  President  of  the  United  States 
Senate;  subsequently  lived  in  retirement  at  his  home 
in  North  Carolina.  Died  September  14,  1861. 

Manly,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Chatham  County 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  State  University  in 
1814;  studied  law;  was  Treasurer  of  the  University 
/or  a  long  time  Reading  Clerk  of  the  State  House  of 
.Representatives;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina 
JVom  1849  to  1851. 


Mann,  Abijah,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Her- 
kiiner  County,  New  York,  September  24,  1793;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  education,  and  became 
a  teacher  in  the  district  school  in  Oneida  County; 
was  afterwards  a  merchant,  Postmaster,  and  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1827, 
serving  by  re-elections  until  1830;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1833  to  1837,  during  which 
time  he  served  on  several  Committees,  once  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Rules  and  Orders  of  the 
House;  in  1837,  on  returning  to  his  native  county, 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature;  afterwards  re 
moved  to  New  York  City,  and  declined  all  official 
employments.  Died  at  Auburn,  New  York,  Septem 
ber  6,  1868. 

Mann,  A.  Dudley ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1805;  was  appointed  Special  Minister  to  negotiate 
commercial  treaties  with  Hanover,  Oldenburg,  and 
Mecklenburg,  in  1845;  was  accredited  to  all  the  Ger 
man  States  excepting  Prussia  for  the  same  object  in 
1847;  was  Commissioner  to  Hungary  in  1849;  Minis 
ter  to  Switzerland  in  1850,  and  negotiated  a  recipro 
cal  treaty;  was  Secretary  to  General  Pierce  in  1853, 
and  resigned  the  same  year;  was  Assistant  Secretary 
of  State;  having  devoted  himself  to  the  material  in 
terests  of  the  Southern  States,  he  was  sent,  by  the 
Confederate  Government,  upon  a  special  mission, 
and  was  afterwards  joined  with  Slidell  and  Mason  to 
represent  it  abroad. 

Mann,  Horace ;.  was  born  in  Franklin,  Norfolk 
County,  Massachusetts,  May  4,  1796;  was,  in  some 
degree,  self-educated,  but  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1819,  where  he  subsequently  held  the  po 
sition  of  Tutor  of  Latin  and  Greek;  studied  law  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut;  while  counselor-at-law  at 
Dedham,  Massachusetts,  where  he  settled  in  1826, 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  removed  to  Bos 
ton  in  1834,  where  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate,  chosen  President  of  that  body,  and  also  Presi 
dent  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education,  which 
he  was  foremost  in  founding;  also  rendered  import 
ant  services  in  behalf  of  the  Normal  Schools  of  Mas 
sachusetts;  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  from 
1848  to  1853;  after  that  time  continued  to  be  devoted 
to  matters  connected  with  education,  having  been 
appointed  President  of  Antioch  College  and  the  North 
western  Christian  University  at  Indianapolis;  he 
wrote  much  and  well,  and  is  remembered  as  a  bene 
factor  to  his  race.  Died  at  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio, 
August  2,  1859;  in  1865  his  life  was  published  by  his 
widow. 

Mann,  Job ;  was  born  in  Bethel  Township,  Bed 
ford  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  31,  1795;  received 
a  common  school  education;  in  1816  was  appointed 
Clerk  to  a  Board  of  County  Commissioners;  two  years 
later  was  appointed  Register,  Recorder,  and  Clerk 
for  the  Courts  of  Bedford  County,  all  of  which  posi 
tions  he  continued  to  hold  until  1835,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress,  where  he  served 
one  term;  in  1839  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in 
18 12  was  appointed  State  Treasurer,  which  office  he 
held  for  three  terms;  in  1847  was  again  elected  to 
Congress,  where  he  served  until  1851,  declining  a  re 
election. 

Mann,  Joel  K.;  -was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1780;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  in  Montgomery  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  September  4,  1857. 

^  Manning-,  Daniel ;  -was  born  at  Albany,  New 
York,  August  16,  1831;  received  an  elementary  edu 
cation  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  eleven 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


31? 


years  entered  the  office  of  the  Albany  Argus  news 
paper  as  office  boy;  rose  through  the  various  grades 
to  the  post  of  manager  and,  in  1873,  became  Presi 
dent  of  the  Argus  Publishing  Company;  was  a 
Director,  for  Albany  City,  in  the  Susquehanna  and 
Albany  Railroad;  from  1869  to  1872  was  a  Director 
in  the  National  Savings  Bank  of  Albany;  in  1873  be 
came  a  Director  in  the  National  Commercial  Bank  of 
Albany;  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Con 
vention  of  New  York  in  1874,  and  of  every  subse 
quent  Democratic  State  Convention  until  1884;  in. 
1876  became  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Com 
mittee,  and  thereafter  continued  to  occupy  that 
posi  tiou ;  was  Secretary  of  the  Democratic  State  Com 
mittee  of  New  York  in  1879  and  1880,  and  its 
Chairman  from  1881  to  1884;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1876,  1880  and 
1884;  was  Chairman  of  the  Convention  in  1880,  and 
Chairman  of  the  New  York  Delegation  to  the  Con 
vention  of  1884;  in  1881  became  Vice  President,  and 
in  1882  President  of  the  National  Commercial  Bank 
of  Albany,  New  York;  was  a  Park  Commissioner  in 
the  City  of  Albany  from  1873  to  1884;  in  March, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Manning,  James  ;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in  1762;  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Brown  University ;  when  that  institution 
was  removed  to  Providence  he  became  first  President; 
was  Pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  that  town,  and 
continued  in  the  charge  of  these  two  offices  until  his 
death,  excepting  an  interval  of  six  months,  in  1785 
and  1786,  during  which  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress.  Died  in  1791,  aged  fifty-two 
years. 

Manning,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Edenton, 
North  Carolina,  July  3,  1830;  received  his  education 
at  the  University  of  North  Carolina;  removed  to 
Pittsborough,  North  Carolina,  in  1851,  and  began  the 
study  of  law;  was  licensed  to  practice  in  1853;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  of  1861 ;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress. 

Manning,  John  L..;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1852  to  1854. 

Manning,  Richard,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Sumter 
District,  South  Carolina,  May  1,  1789;  graduated  at 
the  State  College  at  Columbia  in  1811;  commanded  a 
volunteer  company  in  the  war  of  1812 ;  was  fre 
quently  in  the  upper  and  lower  houses  of  the  State 
Legislature;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  for  two 
years  from  1824;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1834  to  1836.  Died  May  1,  1836,  at  Philadel 
phia,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term,  very  sud 
denly,  while  seated  at  the  table  with  his  family.  He 
was  greatly  respected  for  his  talents  and  virtues. 

Manning,  Van  H.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
July  26,  Itf39;  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1841;  re- 
ce'ved  a  classical  education;  removed  to  Arkansas  in 
i860:  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice; 
serve'l  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  elected 
a  .Representative  from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Manson,  Mahlon  D.;  was  born  in  Piqua,  Ohio, 
February  20,  1820;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  engaged  in  agricultural  and  mechanical  pur 
suits,  and  was  a  druggist;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana  in  1851;  Captain  of  Volun 
teers  during  the  Mexican  War;  enlisted  as  a  private 
during  the  Rebellion,  and  became  Colonel  of  the 
Tenth  Indiana  Infantry,  which  he  commanded  at  the 


battle  of  Rich  Mountain  in  1861;  commanded  the 
Second  Brigade,  First  Division,  Army  of  the  Ohio, 
at  the  battle  of  Mill  Springs,  Kentucky,  in  1862;  was 
appointed  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers  in  1862; 
was  engaged  in  front  of  Corinth,  Mississippi;  com 
manded  the  United  States  forces  at  the  battle  of 
Richmond,  Kentucky,  in  1862;  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner  and  exchanged  in  1862;  commanded 
a  skirmish  with  Pegram  in  March,  1863,  and  during 
the  Morgan  raid  in  Indiana  and  Ohio  in  1863;  was 
with  Burnside  in  East  Tennessee;  was  assigned,  in 
September,  1863,  to  the  command  of  the  Twenty- 
third  Army  Corps;  was  in  the  siege  of  Knoxville, 
Tennessee,  and  various  battles  in  that  State;  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Resaca,  and  was 
forced  to  resign  by  reason  of  disabilities  resulting 
from  wounds  received  in  the  service;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress  from  Indiana,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Manypenny,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1853  was  appointed,  from  Ohio,  Com 
missioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  retaining  the  office  until 
1857. 

Marable,  John  H. ;  was  born  in  Brunswick 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1825  to  1829. 

Marble,  Edgar  M.;  was  a  resident  of  Michigan; 
was  an  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States  from  1877  to  1880 ;  was  Commissioner  ol 
Patents,  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  from  1880 

to  1884. 

Marchand,  Albert  G-.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1839  to  1843.  Died 
at  his  residence  in  Greensburg,  Pennsylvania,  Feb 
ruary  5,  1848. 

Marchand,  David ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania:  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1817  to  1821. 

Marchant,  Henry  ;  was  born  at  Martha's  Vine 
yard,  Massachusetts,  April,  1741 ;  graduated  at  Phila 
delphia  College  in  1762;  studied  law  under  Judge 
Trowbridge,  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts;  practiced 
in  Newport,  Rhode  Island;  was  Attorney-General  of 
that  State  from  1770  to  1777;  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly ;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolution ;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  to  prepare  instructions  to 
the  Delegates  in  Congress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1780,  and  in  1783 
and  1784,  and  an  efficient  member  of  various  import 
ant  committees;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
adopt  the  Federal  Constitution;  from  1790  until  his 
death  was  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  College  in 
1792.  Died  at  Newport,  August  30,  1796. 

Marcy,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
November  7,  1809;  became  a  sailor  when  twelve  years 
of  age.  and  at  twenty  was  master  of  a  ship;  in  1853 
and  1854  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  Leg 
islature;  in  1856  and  1857  a  State  Senator;  was  sub 
sequently  engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  ship-build 
ing  business;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  on 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Marcy,  William  Lamed ;  was  oorn  in  Stur- 
bridge,  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  in  1786; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1808 ;  taught 


318 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


school  for  a  while  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in  Troy,  New  York; 
•was  appointed  Recorder  of  that  city  in  1816;  made 
Comptroller  in  1823,  and  removed  to  Albany;  in  1829 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in 
1831;  resigned  in  1833,  having  served  as  Chairman  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee;  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  York  in  1832,  and  re-elected  in  1834  and  1836; 
was  Secretary  of  War  under  President  Polk  from  1845 
to  1849,  and  Secretary  of  State  under  President  Pierce 
from  1853  to  1857;  was  a  hard-working,  careful,  plain 
man.  and  a  good  scholar;  as  a  statesman  and  diplo 
matist  he  had  a  reputation  of  displaying  both  judg 
ment  and  skill,  but  his  crowning  virtue  was  his 
incorruptible  integrity.  Died  at  Balston  Spa,  New 
York,  July  4,  1857. 

Mardis,  Samuel  W.J  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1801 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama 
from  1831  to  1835,  and  was  much  respected  for  his 
manly  virtues.  Died  at  Talladega,  Alabama,  Novem 
ber  14,  1837. 

Marion,  Robert ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
fiom  1805  to  1810. 

Markbreit,  Leopold;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio; 
from  1869  to  1873  was  Minister  Resident  to  Bolivia. 

Markell,  Henry;  was  born  in  Montgomery  Coun 
ty,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1825  to  1829. 

Markell,  Jacob ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815. 

Markham,  Henry  H.;  was  born  at  Wilming 
ton,  Essex  County,  New  York,  November  16,  1840; 
•attended  the  district  school  during  the  winters,  and 
"worked  on  a  farm  during  the  summers;  completed 
•his  education  at  the  Academy  of  South  Hero,  Ver 
mont;  in  the  spring  of  1862  emigrated  to  Manitowoc, 
"Wisconsin;  in  the  fall  of  that  year  enlisted  in  the 
Thirty -second  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry;  re 
mained  with  the  regiment  until  February  3,  1865,  at 
•which  time  he  was  severely  wounded  at  Rivers 
Bridge,  South  Carolina,  from  which  place  he  was 
returned  to  Beau  port,  South  Carolina;  owing  to  per 
manent  disabilities,  he  did  not  rejoin  the  regiment, 
and  was  mustered  out  with  the  regiment  at  Milwau 
kee,  Wisconsin,  June  23,  1865;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  May,  1867,  and  began  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  in  January, 
1879,  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  moved,  with  his 
family,  to  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  County,  California, 
where  he  engaged  in  various  enterprises;  never  per 
mitted  his  name  to  be  used  for  any  public  position, 
and  never  held  any  position  of  public  trust,  prior  to 
his  election  as  a  Representative  from  California  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Markley,  Philip  S.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania:  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1827,  and  was. 
in  the  latter  year,  appointed  Naval  Officer  for  the  Port 
of  Philadelphia. 

Marks,  Albert  S.;  was  born  in  Daviess  County, 
Kentucky,  in  October.  1836;  received  an  academic 
education;  removed  to  Winchester,  Tennessee,  in 
1856:  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  from  1861  to 
1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  lost  a  leg  at  the 
hattle  of  Murfreesboro  and  his  name  was  placed  on 
the  "Roll  of  Honor"  for  gallantry;  at  the  close  of  the 


war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Win 
chester;  in  1870  was  elected  one  of  the  Chancellors  of 
the  state;  in  1878  was  re-elected;  was  Governor  of 
Tennessee  from  1879  to  1881;  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  law. 

Marks,  William;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1831,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills. 

Marling1,  John  L.;  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee; 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Guatemala  in 
1854;  on  October  2.  1856,  resigned  the  position  and 
died  on  the  10th  of  the  same  month. 

Marmaduke,  John  Sappington  ;  was  born  in 
Saline  County,  Missouri,  in  March,  1833;  was  active 
ly  engaged  on  his  father's  farm  until  seventeen  years 
of  age;  then  entered  Yale  College  where  he  remained 
two  years;  left  Yale  and  went  to  Harvard  College;  in 
1853  was  appointed  a  cadet  at  the  United  States  Mil 
itary  Academy,  at  West  Point,  New  York;  graduated 
in  1857  and  was  commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  United  States  Army;  in  1860  resigned  his  com 
mission  and  returned  to  Missouri;  in  1861  entered 
the  Confederate  Army  as  a  Colonel ;  in  1862  was  pro 
moted  to  Brigadier-General,  and  in  1864  to  Major- 
General;  in  October,  1864,  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
was  held  until  after  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865 ;  en 
gaged  in  various  business  pursuits;  then  entered  the 
field  of  journalism,  in  which  he  continued  for  several 
years;  in  1873  and  1874  was  Secretary  of  the  Missouri 
State  Board  of  Agriculture;  from  1875  to  1884  was  a 
State  Railway  Commissioner;  in  the  latter  year  was 
elected  Governor  of  Missouri. 

Marquette,  T.  M.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Nebraska  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  did 
not  take  his  seat  until  the  last  day  of  the  last  session 
of  that  Congress. 

Marr,  Alem ;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1807;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1829  to  1831. 

Marr,  G-eorge  W.  L.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1817  to  1819. 

Marron,  John;  was  born  in  Ireland;  was  ap 
pointed  from,  the  State  of  Georgia  a  Clerk  in  the 
General  Post  Office;  became  Chief  Clerk,  and  was 
subsequently  appointed  Third  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General. 

Marrow,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1805  and  1809. 

Marsh,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  Hancock 
County,  Illinois,  November  19,  1837;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fifth,  For 
ty-sixth,  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses. 

Marsh,  Charles;  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Con 
necticut,  July  10,  1765;  removed,  with  his  father's 
family,  to  Vermont  before  the  Revolution;  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1786;  studied  law  and  com 
menced  practice  in  Woodstock,  Vermont;  was,  for 
fifty  years,  devoted  to  his  profession,  and  for  a  long 
time  at  the  head  of  the  bar  in  the  State;  served  as  a 
member  of  Congress  from  1815  to  1817,  and  while  in 
Washington  became  identified  with  the  ^American 
Colonization  Society  as  one  of  its  founders;  he  ac 
quired  great  popularity  as  a  patron  of  benevolent  so 
cieties  generally,  and  was  a  highly  influential  and 
useful  citizen.  Died  at  Woodstock,  Vermont,  Janu 
ary  11,  1849.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Dartmouth  College. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


319 


Marsh,  George  P.;  was  born  in  Woodstock, 
Vermont,  March  15,  1801;  was  educated  at  Dart 
mouth  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1820;  after 
wards  removed  to  Burlington,  Vermont,  where  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  afterwards  made 
that  place  his  home;  after  his  admission  to  the  bar, 
came  into  an  extensive  practice,  and  devoted  much 
of  his  time  to  politics;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1835;  in  1842  took  his  seat  in  the 
United  States  House  of  Representatives,  where  he 
continued  until  sent  as  Resident  Minister  to  Turkey, 
by  President  Taylor,  in  1849;  at  this  post  he  rendered 
essential  service  to  the  cause  of  civil  and  religious 
toleration  in  the  Turkish  Empire;  was  also  charged 
with  a  special  mission  to  Greece  in  1852;  was  well 
known  as  an  author  and  a  scholar;  devoted  much 
attention  to  the  languages  and  literature  of  the  North 
of  Europe,  and  his  sympathies  appeared  to  be  with 
the  Goths,  whose  presence  he  traced  in  whatever  is 
great  and  peculiar  in  the  character  of  the  founders  of 
New  England;  in  a  work  entitled  "The  Goths  in 
New  England,"  he  contrasted  the  Gothic  and  Roman 
characters,  which  he  appeared  to  regard  as  the  great 
antagonistic  principles  of  society  at  the  present  day; 
was  also  the  author  of  a  grammar  of  the  old  Northern 
Icelandic  language,  and  of  various  essays,  literary 
and  historical,  relating  to  the  Goths  and  their  con 
nections  with  America;  also  the  author  of  an  inter 
esting  work  on  the  Camel;  also  of  a  work  on  the  En 
glish  language,  which  occupies  a  very  high  rank;  and 
still  another  of  great  merit,  entitled  "Man  and  Na 
ture  ' ' ;  his  miscellaneous  published  addresses  and 
speeches  are  quite  numerous;  after  his  return  from 
Turkey  performed  the  duties  of  Commissioner  of 
Railroads  for  the  State  of  Vermont;  his  library  is 
said  to  have  been  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country, 
rich  beyond  compare  in  Scandinavian  literature;  in 
1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Minister 
to  Italy,  at  which  post  he  remained  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Rome,  Italy,  July  24,  1882. 

Marshall,  Alexander  K.;  was  born  in  Ken 
tucky  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1855  to  1857. 

Marshall,  Alfred ;  served  four  years  in  the 
Maine  Legislature,  namely,  1827,  1828,  1834,  and 
1835;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine, 
from  1841  to  1843,  acting  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Militia;  from  1846  to  1849  was  Col 
lector  at  Belfast,  Maine;  was  also,  for  some  years,  a 
General  of  the  State  Militia. 

Marshall,  Edward  C.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  California, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Marshall,  Humphrey  ;  was  among  the  earliest 
pioneers  to  Kentucky,  having  gone  there  in  1780; 
was  a  member  of  the  "State  Convention  "  in  1787; 
served  for  many  years  in  the  State  Legislature:  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1801.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  first  published  "  History  of  Ken 
tucky,  ' '  and  died  at  an  advanced  age. 

Marshall,  Humphrey ;  was  born  at  Frankfort, 
Kentucky,  January  13,  1812;  graduated  at  West 
Point  Academy,  but  resigned  his  military  commis 
sion  of  Lieutenant  and  studied  law,  which  he  prac 
ticed  with  success;  during  the  ten  years  preceding 
the  Mexican  War,  and  while  devoting  himself  to  his 
profession  in  Louisville,  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  military  affairs  of  the  State  as  Captain,  Major, 
and  Lieuten  ant-Colon  el:  served  in  the  Mexican  War 
as  Colonel  of  Cavalry,  leading  the  charge  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Volunteers  at  Buena  Vista  in  1847;  after  de 


clining  several  important  nominations,  he  retired  to 
a  farm;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1849  as  a  Repre 
sentative,  and  re-elected  in  1851;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Fillmore,  Commissioner  to  China,  which 
was  immediately  raised  to  a  first-class  mission ;  on 
his  return  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress;  in  1856  was  a  member  of  the  "Am 
erican  National  Council,"  held  in  New  York;  in 
1857  was  re-elected  to  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  took  part  in 
the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  General  of  Volunteers. 

Marshall,  James ;  was  one  of  the  earliest  set 
tlers  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  after  the  removal 
of  the  Seat  of  Government;  in  1801  was  appointed 
Circuit  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

Marshall,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Clarke 
(then  part  of  Frederick)  County,  Virginia,  August 
14,  1822;  passed  several  years  of  his  boyhood  in 
Mount  Sterling,  Kentucky;  prepared  for  College  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  section;  graduated  at  Dick 
inson  College  in  1848,  and  was  appointed  Adjunct 
Professor  in  that  institution;  in  1850  was  elevated  to 
the  professorship  of  ancient  languages;  was  United 
States  Consul  at  Leeds,  England,  from  1861  to  1864; 
was  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General  from  1869  to 
1877,  excepting  a  brief  interval,  in  1874,  when  he 
was  temporarily  appointed  Postmaster-General; 
was  then  appointed  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Railway  Mail  Service,  in  which  position  he  continued 
until  1878. 

Marshall,  John  ;  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  September  24,  1755,  and  was  the  eldest  of 
fifteen  children;  had  some  classical  education  in  his 
youth,  but  his  opportunities  for  learning  were 
limited,  and  he  never  entered  college,  his  father, 
Thomas  Marshall,  being  a  poor  man,  but  possessed  of 
superior  talents;  at  the  commencement  of  the  Revo 
lutionary  AVar  he  espoused  the  cause  of  liberty  with 
ardor;  in  1776  was  appointed  Lieutenant,  and  in 
1777  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  in  1780 
was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1781  resigned  his  commis 
sion  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
soon  rising  to  distinction;  was  a  member  of  the 
"  Virginia  Convention  "  to  ratify  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and,  as  such,  produced  a  deep  im 
pression  by  his  logic  and  eloquence;  also  entered  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia,  where  he  was  a  leader;  Presi 
dent  Washington  invited  him  to  become  Attorney- 
General,  and  tendered  him  the  mission  to  France 
after  Mr.  Monroe's  return,  both  of  which  honors  he 
declined ;  President  Adams  appointed  him  an  Envoy 
to  France,  with  Pickering  and  Gerry,  but  they  were 
not  accredited,  and  he  returned  to  the  United  States 
in  1798;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1799; 
in  1800  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War,  which  office 
he  declined ;  soon  afterwards  Secretary  of  State ;  Jan 
uary,  31,  1801,  upon  the  nomination  of  President 
Adams,  was  confirmed  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States.  He  wrote  a  "Life 
of  George  Washington,"  and  a  "History  of  the 
American  Colonies."  Died  in  Philadelphia,  July  6, 
1836.  As  a  Judge  he  was  the  most  illustrious  in 
America,  and,  for  his  public  service,  was  ranked  by 
many  with  Washington.  He  was  the  object  of 
universal  affection,  respect,  and  confidence,  and,  in 
every  particular,  one  of  the  greatest  and  best  of 
men. 

Marshall,  Samuel  S.;  was  born  in  Illinois; 
educated  at  Cumberland  College,  Kentucky;  studied 
law,  and  devoted  himself  to  its  practice  in  his  native 
State;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1840 


320 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


•was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  State  Attorney, 
serving  two  years;  in  1851  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  in  which  position  he  remained  until 
1854;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty -fourth  Congress  from 
Illinois;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention  "  of  1864; 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Elections  and  on  Freedmen ;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Committee;  re- 
elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on 
many  important  Committees;  in  1867  received  the 
unanimous  vote  of  his  party  in  the  Illinois  Legisla 
ture  for  United  States  Senator,  and  in  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  the  entire  vote  of  the  Democrats  for  Speaker 
of  the  House. 

Marshall,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  near  Ver 
sailles,  Kentucky,  January  15,  1794;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1815;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  in  1816;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1831  to  1835;  was  a  Judge 
and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Ken 
tucky  for  about  twenty  years;  was  a  Professor  of  Law 
in  the  Transylvania  College;  also  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  Kentucky;  was  on  the  bench  as  late 
as  1866,  and  in  that  year  received  from  Yale  College 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  Louisville,  April  17. 
1871. 

Marshall,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1800;  graduated  at  Yale  College;  studied  law, 
and  practiced  the  profession  with  success;  was,  for 
several  years,  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Louis 
ville;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ken 
tucky  from  1841  to  1843.  Died  near  Versailles, 
Woodward  County,  Kentucky,  September  22,  1864. 
His  abilities  were  of  a  high  order,  and  as  an  orator 
before  popular  assemblies  he  had  few  equals. 

Marshall,  Wm.  R. ;  was  Governor  of  Minnesota 
from  1866  to  1868. 

Marston,  Gilman;  was  born  in  Oxford,   New 
Hampshire,  August  20,   1811;  graduated  from  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1837,  and  at  the  Dane  Law  School 
in  1840;  commenced    the  practice  of  law  in  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1841;  in  1845  was  elected  to  the 
New  Hampshire  Legislature,  and  served  four  years; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  Con 
stitution  of  that  State  in  1850;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1859  to  1863, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections,  and  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs;  in  June,  1861,  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  the  Second  Regiment  New  Hampshire  Volunteers 
which  he  led  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  throughout 
the  Peninsula  Campaign  under  McClellan,  at  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  also  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  under  Burnside;  in  1863  was  commissioned  a 
Brigadier-General,   assigned  to  the  District  of  St. 
Mary,  and  attached  to  the  army  of  the  James  in 
1864,   fighting  at  Kingsland   Creek,   Drury's  Bluff, 
Cold  Harbor,   and  Petersburg;   early  in   1865  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Mileage,   and  Military  Affairs;    on 
the  fall  of  Richmond  retired  from  the  army;  was  one 
of  the  Representatives  designated  by  the  House  to 
attend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott  in  1866;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the   Philadelphia    "Loyalists'   Conven 
tion"   of  1866,  and  also  to  the    "Soldiers'  Conven 
tion  "  held  in  Pittsburg;  in  1870  was  appointed  Gov- 
einor  of  Idaho. 


Martin,  Alexander  ;  was  born  in  Guiilbrd 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  educated  at  Princeton 
College,  and  devoted  much  attention  to  the  pursuits 
of  literature;  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assem 
bly,  and  Colonel  of  a  regiment  in  the  Continental 
line,  serving  at  the  battles  of  Brandy  wine  and  Ger- 
mantown;  was  subsequently  in  the  State  Senate, 
and  was  elected  Speaker;  was  elected  Governor  of 
North  Carolina  in  1782,  and  again  in  1789,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States;  from  1793  to  1799  was 
United  States  Senator;  in  1793  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Princeton  Col 
lege,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  Trustee 
of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  Died  in  No 
vember,  1807. 

Martin,  Barclay;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Martin,  Benjamin  F. ;  was  born  in  Marion 
County,  Virginia,  October  2,  1828;  remained  upon  a 
farm  until  he  became  of  age;  graduated,  with  hon 
ors,  at  Allegheny  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1854; 
taught  school  for  eighteen  months;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856  and  commenced  practice; 
in  the  same  year  removed  to  Pruntytown,  Virginia 
(now  West  Virginia);  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  West  Virginia  in  1872; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tion  of  that  year;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-filth  and  Forty-sixth 
Congresses. 

Martin,  Charles  D.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  In 
valid  Pensions. 

Martin,  Daniel;  was  a  native  of  Maryland;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  in  1830.  Died  in  Talbofc 
County,  July  10,  1830,  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  office. 

Martin,  Edward  Livingston;  was  born  at 
Seaford,  Delaware,  March  29,  1837;  received  a  col 
legiate  education;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was 
Clerk  of  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Commissioner  to 
define  the  boundary  line  between  Delaware  and  New 
Jersey;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  of  1864,  1872,  1876  and  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Martin,  Elbert  S.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  on  the  Post  Ofiice  Department. 

Martin,  Francois  Xavier;  was  born  at  Mar 
seilles,  France,  March  17,  1762;  emigrated  to  tho 
United  States  in  1782,  and  established  himself  at 
Newbern,  North  Carolina;  taught  French;  learned 
printing;  edited  a  newspaper,  and  peddled  it  through 
the  adjoining  counties;  published  school  books,  al 
manacs,  and  translations  of  French  works,  etc 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1789* 
and  became  distinguished  in  the  profession,  at  the 
same  time  pursuing  the  vocation  of  printer  and  nub- 
hsher;  was  appointed  Judge  of  Mississippi  Territory 
by  Jefferson;  in  1813  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  of  Mississippi;  in  1815  was  made  Jud^e  of 
Supreme  Court  of  Louisiana,  and  Chief  Justice  from 
L837  to  1845;  published  histories  of  Louisiana  and 
North  Carolina;  "Notes  and  Decisions  in  the  Superior 
Courts  of  North  Carolina  from  1787  to  1796"-  *"'  Acts 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


321 


of  the  North  Carolina  Assembly  from  1715  to  1803';; 
".Reports  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  Orleans  from 
1809  to  1812";  "Reports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
I  ouisiana  from  1813  to  1830  " ;  and  a  "Digest  of  the 
Territorial  and  State  Laws,"  in  French  and  Eng 
lish.  Died  at  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  December  10, 
1846. 

Martin,  Frederick  S.;  was  born  in  Rutland 
County,  Vermont,  April  25,  1794;  after  spending  his 
early  life  as  a  sailor  on  Lake  Champlain  and  at  sea, 
settled  at  Olean,  New  York,  as  a  hotel  keeper  and 
merchant;  in  1838  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  that 
place;  served  three  years  in  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1851  to  1854. 

Martin,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Virginia,  August  19,  1826;  received  a  good  education; 
removed  to  Illinois  in  1846;  served  in  the  war  with 
Mexico;  was  Clerk  of  the  Marion  County  Court  for 
twelve  years;  studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Central  Committee  for  several 
years;  entered  the  army  as  Colonel  in  1862,  and  was 
brevetted  Brigadier-General :  was  elected  County 
Judge  of  Marion  County  at  the  close  of  the  war;  ap 
pointed  Pension  Agent  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

Martin,  John ;  was  appointed  Naval  Officer  at 
Hunbury,  Georgia,  in  1761;  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress  in  1775,  and  of  the  Committees 
of  ( 'ouncil  and  Safety ;  entered  the  Georgia  Continent 
al  line  as  Captain;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1781, 
and  member  of  the  Legislature  from  Chatham  Coun 
ty:  was  State  Treasurer  in  1783;  commissioned  to 
make  a  Treaty  with  the  Creek  Indians,  January, 
1783;  was  Governor  of  Georgia  from  1782  to  1783. 

Martin,  John  Jacob;  was  born  in  Abbeville, 
South  Carolina,  in  1826;  received  a  good  education 
and  studied  law,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1848;  served 
as  a  Captain  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Peru;  re 
moved  to  Georgia,  where  he  practiced  law  from  1853 
to  1861,  when  he  removed  to  Alabama;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  first  Convention  which  organized  the  Re 
publican  party  in  that  State;  also  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  that  State;  Delegate  to 
the  Chicago  Convention  of  1868;  in  1869  was  appointed 
.Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  in  Washington,  which 
position  he  resigned  in  1875.  and  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Montgomery. 

Martin,  John  L.;  was  born  at  Brownsville,  Fay- 
ette  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  10,  1839;  received 
a  common  school  education ;  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
entered  the  office  of  the  Brownsville  Clipper  as  an  ap 
prentice;  in  1857  worked  a  short  time  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  as  a  journeyman,  and  then  removed  to 
Kansas,  where  he  continued  in  the  printing  business; 
in  1858  purchased  the  Squatter  Sovereign  newspaper, 
at  Atchison,  Kansas,  and  changed  the  name  to  the 
Champion;  he  continued  in  the  proprietorship  and 
management  of  this  journal;  in  1859  was  Secretary 
of  the  Wyandotte  Constitutional  Convention,  which 
I'ramed  the  present  Constitution  of  Kansas;  in  May 
of  that  year  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  at 
which  the  Republican  party  was  organized;  later  in 
the  same  year  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1860  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention; 
on  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  in  1861, 
served,  during  one  session,  as  State  Senator;  resigned 
to  accept  the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy  of  the  Eighth 
Kansas  Volunteer  Infantry  for  service  in  the  Union 

21 


Army;  in  November,  1862,  was  promoted  to  Colonel 
of  the  regiment;  in  the  succeeding  month  was  ap 
pointed  Provost  Marshal  of  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
serving  for  six  months;  was  in  the  principal  engage 
ments  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee;  was  in  com 
mand  of  a  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Chicamauga;  com 
manded  a  brigade  for  several  months  prior  to  being 
mustered  out  of  service,  in  November,  1864;  returned 
to  Kansas  and  resumed  the  management  of  his  news 
paper;  was  mayor  of  Atchison,  Kansas,  in  1865;  in 
1868  was  elected  Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic  for  the  District  of  Kansas;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions  of  1868, 
1872  and  1880;  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Committee  from  1868  to  1880,  and  its  Secre 
tary  in  1879  and  1880;  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Centennial  Commission  from  1871  to  1876;  was 
President  of  the  Kansas  Editorial  Association  in  1878; 
in  the  same  year  was  elected,  by  Congress,  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  National  Soldiers' 
Home,  and  was  re-elected  in  1882;  in  1884  was  elected 
Governor  of  Kansas. 

Martin,  John  Mason;  was  born  at  Athens, 
Limestone  County,  Alabama.  January  20,  1837;  after 
receiving  a  thorough  course  in  the  High  School,  he 
attended  the  University  of  Alabama  during  one  term, 
at  the  close  of  which  he  withdrew  and  entered  Centre 
College,  at  Danville,  Kentucky,  from  which  institu 
tion  he  was  graduated  in  1856;  settled  in  Tus- 
kaloosa,  Alabama;  after  leaving  College  he  studied 
law  and,  in  July,  1858,  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Alabama;  served  in 
the  Confederate  Army  four  years ;  in  1871  was  elected 
State  Senator,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  in  1872  was 
elected  for  a  full  term ;  during  the  latter  term  was 
elected  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate;  in  1875 
was  elected  Professor  of  Equity  Jurisprudence  in  the 
University  of  Alabama,  the  term  continuing  until 
1886;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ala 
bama  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Martin,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Lee  County,  Vir 
ginia,  October  11,  1811;  removed  to  Kentucky  in 
1828;  in  1841  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  re-elected  the  following  year;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1845  to 
1847;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Kentucky, 
which  was  his  last  public  position. 

Martin,  Joseph  John ;  was  born  in  Martin 
County,  North  Carolina,  November  21,  1833 ;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1859;  was  County  Attorney  for 
six  years;  in  1868  was  elected  Solicitor  for  the  Second 
Judicial  District  for  the  term  of  six  years;  was  re- 
elected  in  1874  and  served  until  nominated  for  Con 
gress  in  1879;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Martin,  Joshua  Lanier ;  was  born  in  Tenne- 
see,  December  5,  1799;  received  the  advantages  of 
such  educational  facilities  as  were  then  at  command; 
settled  in  Alabama;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  and  became  emi 
nent  in  his  profession;  his  first  appearance  in  public 
life  was  as  Representative  in  the  Alabama  Legisla 
ture,  in  1822;  was  subsequently  elected,  successively, 
Solicitor,  Circuit  Judge,  and  Chancellor;  in  1835  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  twen 
ty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Congress;  in  1845  announced  himself  an  inde 
pendent  candidate  for  Governor  of  Alabama,  in  op 
position  to  Colonel  Nathaniel  Terry,  the  regular 
nominee  of  his  party;  he  made  the  canvass  on  the 


322 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


question  of  the  state  credit  and,  after  a  contest  of  re 
markable  brilliancy,  was  elected,  serving  until  1847; 
his  election  resulted  in  the  maintenance  of  the  credit 
of  the  State  unimpaired.  He  was  one  of  the  remark 
able  men  of  his  time,  and  his  favorite  motto  was, 
"Have  your  heart  in  the  right  place."  Died,  at 
Tuscaloosa,  Alabama,  November  2,  1856.  He  was 
the  father  of  Congressman  John  Mason  Martin. 

,  Martin,  Josiah ;  was  born  April  23,  1737;  was 
an  Ensign  in  the  Fourth  Infantry  of  North  Carolina 
in  1756;  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  17G9;  was  Governor 
of  North  Carolina  from  1771  to  1775;  took  energetic 
measures  to  preserve  the  royal  authority  in  1775,  and, 
April  24th,  was  obliged  to  take  refuge  on  board  the 
Cruiser,  from  which  ship  he  issued  a  proclamation 
August  8th;  was  on  board  the  fleet  of  Sir  P.  Parker 
at  Charleston,  in  June,  1776 ;  was  with  Cornwallis  at 
the  defeat  of  Gates  at  Caindeii.  in  1780,  but  left 
.North  Carolina  on  account  of  ill  health,  March,  1781, 
and  withdrew  to  Long  Island,  and  thence  to  England. 
Died  in  London,  July,  1786. 

Margin,  Luther  ;  was  born  in  New  Brunswick, 
New  Jersey,  in  1744;  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in 
1766;  taught  school  for  several  years  in  Maryland; 
came  to  the  bar  in  Virginia,  and  settled  in  Accomac 
County;  in  1774  took  an  active  part  in  opposing  En 
gland;  was  a  member  of  the  "Annapolis  Conven 
tion  "  of  that  year;  in  1778  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  Maryland ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1784  and  1785;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion,  but  was  opposed  to  its  adoption,  and  an  elabor 
ate  speech  which  he  delivered  before  the  Assembly  of 
Maryland  about  the  Convention  caused  considerable 
excitement  at  the  time  throughout  the  country;  he 
acquired  distinction  by  defending  Samuel  Chase  and 
Aaron  Burr,  in  their  celebrated  trials;  in  1814  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer. 
Died  in  New  York,  July  10,  1826.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Princeton  College. 

Martin,  Morgan  L.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  of 
Wisconsin  from  1845  to  1847. 

Martin,  Noah  ;  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  for  two  years  from  1852 
to  1854. 

Martin,  Robert  N.;  was  born  in  Dorchester 
County,  Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1825  to  1827. 

Martin,  "William  D.;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1827  to  1833;  was  distin 
guished  for  his  talents  and  public  usefulness;  retired 
to  bed  slightly  indisposed,  and  was  found  dead  in 
the  morning,  at  Charleston,  November  17,  1833, 
aged  forty-five  years. 

Martindale,  Henry  O.;  was  born  in  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege  in  1800;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1823  to  1831,  and  again  from  1833  to 
1835.  Died  in  I860,  aged  eighty  years. 

Marvin,  Dudley ;  was  a  native  of  Lyme,  Con 
necticut,  from  which  place  he  removed  to  Canandai- 
gua,  New  York,  in  1807;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  1811;  soon  at 
tained  eminence  in  his  profession;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1823  to  182!);  in  1844  removed 
to  Ripley,  Chautauqua  County;  was  again  elected  to 
Congress,  serving  from  1847  to  1849.  Died  at  Rip- 
ley,  New  York,  June  25,  1852,  aged  sixty-five  years. 


Marvin,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Ballston,  Sara 
toga  County,  New  York,  February  27,  1809;  passed  a 
portion  of  his  boyhood  on  a  farm;  received  a  good 
education;  in  1846  was  elected  to  the  House  of  As 
sembly;  was  a  County  Supervisor  for  three  terms: 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirtv- 
ninth  Congress,  and  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenses  in  the  Treasury  Department;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Territories. 

Marvin,  Richard  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  from  Chautau 
qua  County,  in  1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1841;  in  1855 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  < 
State. 

Marvin,  "William;  was  a  citizen  of  Florida; 
was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Southern 
District  of  that  State. 

Mason,  Amistead  Thomson;  was  born  in 
Loudon  County,  Virginia,  in  1785;  was  educated  at 
William  and  Mary  College;  was  a  farmer  by  occupa 
tion;  a  Colonel  in  the  War  of  1812;  was  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Virginia  from  1816  to  1817;  fell 
in  the  memorable  duel  with  Colonel  McCarty,  Feb 
ruary  6,  1819. 

Mason,  Charles ;  was  born  in  New  York  about 
1808;  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  at  West  Point 
in  1829;  entered  the  Engineers,  but  resigned  Decem 
ber  3,  1831;  practiced  law  at  Newburg,  New  York, 
from  1832  to  1834;  in  New  York  City  from  1834  to 
1836;  Burlington,  Iowa,  from  1847  to  1853,  and  again 
from  1858  to  1859;  and  at  Washington  from  1860; 
was  Acting  Editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post  in 
1837  and  1838;  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Iowa  from  1838  to  1847;  Commissioner  to  draft  a 
Code  of  Laws  for  the  State  of  Iowa  in  1848;  Judge  of 
Des  Moines  County  Court  in  1851  and  1852;  United 
States  Commissioner  of  Patents  from  1853  to  1857. 

Mason,  G-eorge;  was  born  at  Doeg's  Neck, 
Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  in  1726;  was  a  Statesman 
of  the  Revolution ;  in  1769  drew  up  the  Non-impor 
tation  Resolutions,  which  were  presented  by  Wash 
ington  in  the  Virginia  Assembly  and  unanimously 
adopted;  wrote  a  tract  against  British  taxation,  and 
presented  a  series  of  twenty-four  resolutions  in 
which  he  recommended  a  Congress  of  the  Colonies; 
these  were  sanctioned  by  the  Virginia  Convention, 
and  adopted  by  the  First  Congress;  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  Legislature,  and  in  1776  drafted  the 
Declaration  of  Rights  and  Constitution  of  Virginia, 
and  was  known  as  the  "  Father  of  States'  Rights  "; 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  in  1777 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress;  in  1787 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  frame  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution,  and  favored  the  election  of  the 
President  by  the  people;  was  opposed  to  the  clause 
in  the  Constitution  prohibiting  the  abolition  of 
slavery,  which  he  considered  a  great  evil  and  a 
source  of  natural  weakness;  refused  to  sign  the  in 
strument,  and,  with  Henry,  objected  to  its  ratifica 
tion  by  the  State;  was  elected  first  United  States 
Senator  from  Virginia  but  declined,  and  retired  to 
private  life.  Died  at  his  estate,  "  Gunston  Hall," 
on  the  Potomac,  October  7,  1792. 

Mason,  James  B.;  was  a  member  of  the  Rhode 
Island  House  of  Representatives  for  many  years,  and 
for  a  part  of  the  time  was  Speaker;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1815 
to  1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


323 


Mason,  James  M.;  was  born  on  Analostan 
Island,  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  November  3,  1798; 
received  a  good  education,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1818;  studied  law  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary,  and  obtained  a 
license  to  practice  in  1820;  in  1826  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Delegates,  and  twice  re-elected;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1833;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1837  to  1839;  in  1847  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  in  the  place  of  Senator  Penny- 
backer,  and  re-elected  in  1849,  in  which  position  he 
continued  until  1861,  having  for  several  sessions 
been  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861;  went  to 
England  as  a  Minister  of  the  Confederate  Govern 
ment;  was  captured  by  the  San  Jacinto;  imprisoned 
in  Fort  Warren,  and  after  his  release  took  up  his 
residence  in  Europe;  was  expelled  from  the  Senate  in 
July,  1861;  his  term  would  have  expired  in  1863;  dur 
ing  his  absence  in  Europe  his  home  at  Winchester  was 
destroyed  by  fire;  after  his  return  he  lived  in  retire 
ment  and  poverty.  Died  near  Alexandria,  Virginia, 
April  28,  1871. 

Mason,  Jeremiah;  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Con 
necticut,  April  27,  1768;  destined  for  professional 
life,  he  entered  Yale  College,  and,  after  graduating 
in  1788,  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and  acquired 
the  reputation  of  being  profoundly  learned  in  com 
mon  law;  went  to  Vermont,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  that  State,  but  subsequently  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  where  he  became  the 
friend  of  Daniel  Webster,  who  always  spoke  of  him 
in  extravagant  terms  of  praise;  in  1802  was  appoint 
ed  Attorney-General  of  the  State,  and  from  1813  to 
18L7  was  a  Senator  in  Congress;  resigned  for  the  pur 
pose  of  devoting  himself  to  his  profession;  removed 
to  Boston  in  181)2,  and  on  reaching  the  age  of  seventy 
left  the  bar,  though  he  was  consulted  as  chamber 
counsel  to  the  close  of  his  life;  an  edition  of  his 
"  Life  and  Letters  "  was  published  for  private  circu 
lation  in  1875.  Died  at  Boston.  November  14,  1848. 

Mason,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Accounts. 

Mason,  John  Thomson;  was  born  at  Mont- 
pelier,  Washington  County,  Maryland,  in  May  1815; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1836;  read  law  in 
Hagerstown,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1838; 
the  same  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Maryland,  and  re-elected  in  1839;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843,  being  at 
that  time  the  youngest  man  in  Congress;  in  1851  was 
elected  by  the  people,  under  the  new  Constitution  of 
the  State,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  which 
position  he  filled  until  1857,  when  he  resigned,  and 
was  appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of  Baltimore. 
Died  at  Annapolis,  March  28,  1873. 

Mason,  John  Y.;  was  born  at  Greensville,  Sus 
sex  County,  Virginia,  April  18,  1799;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1816,  from  which 
institution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  was  a  Federal  Judge  of 
the  Eastern  District  Court  of  Virginia;  Judge  also  of 
the  General  Court  of  Virginia;  served  about  ten 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1831  to  1837;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Conventions  of  1828  and  1849  for  re 
vising  the  State  Constitution;  a  member  of  President 
Tyler's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy;  a  member 
of  President  Folk's  Cabinet,  first  as  Attorney-Gen 
eral,  and  secondly  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy;  was 


subsequently  President  of  the  James  River  and 
Kanawha  Company;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  France,  in  which  position  he  was 
continued  by  President  Buchanan;  Died  in  Paris, 
of  Apoplexy,  October  3,  1859. 

Mason,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  1757;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1774;  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Massachusetts  from  1800  to 
1803,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1817  to  1820,  when  he  resigned.  Died  at 
Boston  November  1,  1831. 

Mason,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  Plattsburg,  New 
York,  March  30,  1828;  removed  to  Hamilton,  New 
York,  in  1840;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was 
County  Judge  of  Madison  County  from  1864  to  1868; 
was  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  from  1871  to  1876; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Mason,  Moses;  was  a  County  Commissioner 
from  1831  to  1834;  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maine  from  1834  to  1837;  subsequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Executive  Council.  Died  at  Bethel, 
June  25,  1866,  aged  seventy-five  years. 

Mason,  Samson ;  was -born  in  Ohio;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835  to 
1843;  was  afterwards  a  member  of  the  Convention 

which  formed  the  State  Constitution. 

Mason,  Stevens  Thomson ;  was  born  in 
Chapavvansio,  Stafford  County,  Virginia,  in  1760; 
educated  at  William  and  Mary  College;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession ;  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
attaining  to  the  rank  of  General;  was  a  member  of 
the  Virginia  House  of  Burgesses;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1792;  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
Virginia  from  1794  to  1803;  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  to  form  the  Constitution  of  Virginia;  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature.  Died  in  1803. 

Mason,  William ;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  New  York  from  Chenan- 
go  County,  from  1820  to  1822;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1835  to  1837. 

Masters,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  Woodbury,  Con 
necticut,  October  22,  1763;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1784,  soon  after  which  he  removed  to  Schagh- 
ticoke,  Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  which  was 
thereafter  his  place  of  residence;  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1792,  1800,  and 
1801,  when  he  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of 
Rensselaer  County;  from  1805  to  1809  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress;  in  1808  was  chosen  first  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  County,  which 
office  he  held  until  his  death;  was  a  zealous  sup 
porter  of  the  general  measures  against  Great  Britain 
during  the  war  of  1812,  yet  opposed,  with  great 
earnestness,  in  several  able  speeches,  the  embargo, 
non-intercourse,  and  other  commercial  restrictions; 
he  numbered  among  his  personal  friends  such  pa 
triots  as  Jefferson,  Randolph,  Madison,  Clay,  etc., 
and  was  a  coadjutor  and  adviser  of  De  Witt  Clinton 
in  the  system  of  internal  improvements  which  gave 
to  New  York  the  rank  of  the  Empire  State.  Died 
June  30,  1822. 

Mathews,  James;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1845. 

Mathews,  Vincent;  was  born  in  Orange 
County,  New  York,  June  29,  1766;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1790;  settled  near  El- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


inira.  Tioga  County;  was  elected  a  State  Representa 
tive  in  1793;  in  1796  was  chosen  a  State  Senator;  in 
1798  was  elected  a  commissioner  to  settle  certain 
claims  for  bounty  land;  from  1809  to  1811  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress;  in  1812  was  appointed  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  a  number  of  counties  in  Western 
New  York;  in  1816  removed  from  Elmira  to  Bath, 
and  thence  to  Rochester,  pursuing  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  in  different  places,  for  no  less  a  period 
than  fifty-six  years;  toward  the  close  of  his  life  served 
again  in'the  Assembly  of  the  State,  and  was  District 
Attorney  for  Monroe  County;  the  College  of  Geneva 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
when  he  was  nearly  seventy-live  years  of  age.  Died 
at  Rochester,  August  23,  1846. 

Mathewson,  Elisha ;  was  at  different  periods 
a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island; 
once  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1807  to  1811.  Died  at  Scituate, 
Rhode  Island,  October  14,  1853,  aged  eighty-six 
years. 

Mathiot,  Joshua;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1841 
to  1843.  Died  July  30,  1849,  at  Newark,  Ohio. 

Matlack,  James;  was  born  in  Gloucester 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1821  to  1825.  Died  at 
Woodbury,  in  the  same  State,  January  15,  1840. 

Matlack,  Timothy;  was  born  at  Haddenfield, 
New  Jersey,  in  1730;  was  an  active  patriot  in  the 
Revolution;  was  one  of  the  Society  of  Free  Quakers; 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Committee  of  Safety ; 
was  Colonel  of  a  Pennsylvania  Battalion,  and  did 
good  service;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1780  to  1781;  was  many  years  "  Master  of 
the  Rolls,"  and  resided  at  Lancaster  a  long  time; 
was  afterwards  Register  of  one  of  the  Philadelphia 
Courts.  Died  at  Holmesburg,  Pennsylvania,  April 
15,  1829,  and  although  ninety-nine  years  of  age  re 
tained  his  faculties  to  a  remarkable  degree. 

Matson,  Aaron;  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Mas 
sachusetts;  was  for  many  years  Judge  of  Probate  in 
Cheshire  County,  New  Hampshire;  was  a  State 
Councilor  from  'l819  to  1821;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire,  from  1821  to  1825. 
Died  at  Newport,  Vermont,  July  18,  1855,  aged 
eighty-five  years. 

Matson,  Courtland  C.;  was  born  at  Brookville, 
Indiana,  April  25,  1841;  graduated  at  Asbury  Uni 
versity,  Indiana;  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  and  served  until  iti> 
suppression  in  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
after  the  close  of  the  war  studied  law,  and  commenced 
to  practice  at  (Jieencastle,  Indiana;  served  three 
terms  as  Prosecuting  Attorney;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Matteson,  Joel  A.;  was  Governor  of  Illinois 
from  1853  to  1857.  Died  in  Chicago,  January  31. 
1874. 

Matteson,  Orsamus  B. ;  was  born  in  New 
York;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-first,  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses. 

Matthews,  George ;  was  born  in  Augusta 
County,  Virginia,  in  1739;  led  a  volunteer  company 
against  the  Indians  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  and 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant 


in  1774;  was  Colonel  of  the  Ninth  Virginia  Regiment 
in  the  Revolution,  and  was  engaged  at  Braudywine 
and  at  Germantown,  where  he  was  made  prisoner 
after  receiving  nine  bayonet  wounds;  was  confined 
on  board  a  prison-ship  in  New  York  Harbor,  and  was 
not  exchanged  until  December  5,  1781,  when  he 
joined  Greene's  Army  as  Commander  of  the  Third 
Virginia  Regiment;  in  1785  removed,  with  his  family, 
to  a  tract  of  land  on  Broad  River,  Oglethorpe  County, 
Georgia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1789 
to  1791 ;  afterward  Brigadier-General  of  Georgia  Mili 
tia;  was  Governor  of  Georgia  in  1780,  and  from  1793 
to  1796;  was  authorized,  by  the  President,  January 
26,  1811,  to  take  possession  of  West  Florida,  and 
captured  Amelia  Island.  Died  at  Augusta,  Georgia. 
August  30,  1812. 

Matthews,  Henry  Mason  ;  was  born  in  Green- 
brier  County,  Virginia,  in  1834;  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  commenced  the  practice 
of  law  in  his  native  county,  in  1857;  was,  for  several 
years,  a  Professor  in  Allegheny  College,  Pennsylva 
nia  ;  was  a  Major  of  Artillery  in  the  Confederate 
Army  during  the  Civil  War;  at  the  close  of  the  war 
was  elected  a  State  Senator,  but  could  not  qualify; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  West  Virginia  in  1871;  was  elected  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State  in  1872;  was  elected  Governor  in 
1876,  and  served  four  years.  Died  at  Lewisburg, 
West  Virginia,  April  29,  1884. 

Matthews,  John ;  was  a  Revolutionary  patriot 
of  South  Carolina;  was  first  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  that  State  after  the  dissolution  of 
the  Royal  Government  in  1776;  the  same  year  was 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court;  from  1778  to 
1782  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress;  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  to  visit  the  Army,  and 
also  of  the  Committee  to  confer  with  the  Pennsylva 
nia  Line  of  the  army  which  had  mutinied;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  South  Carolina  from  1782  to  1783;  in  1784, 
on  the  establishment  of  the  Court  of  Equity,  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Judges.  Died  at  Charleston,  No 
vember,  1802,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Matthews,  Stanley;  was  born  at  Cincinnati. 
Ohio,  July  21,  1824;  received  an  academic  education 
and  graduated  at  Kenyon  College  in  1840;  studied 
law,  and  practiced  in  Cincinnati;  in  1851  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  Hamilton 
County,  and  resigned  in  1853;  was  elected  State  Sen 
ator  in  1853;  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney  in  1858,  and  resigned  in  1861;  in  1861  en 
tered  the  Union  Army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  and 
became  a  Colonel;  in  1863  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati,  and  resigned  in  1H(>4: 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864  and  1868;  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1876  by  75  votes;  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  John  Sherman,  and  served  from 
March,  1877,  to  March,  1879;  in  1881  was  appointed 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Matthews,  William ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1797  to  1799. 

Mattocks,  John;  was  born  in  Hartford.  Con 
necticut,  in  1776;  removed  to  Peacham,  Vermont; 
was,  for  many  years,  distinguished  as  a  successful 
lawyer;  held  various  public  trusts;  was,  for  two 
years,  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Vermont;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1825.  and 
from  1841  to  1,843;  was  Governor  of  the  State  one 
year,  declining  a  re-election  to  that  office.  Died  at 
Peacham,  Vermont,  August  14,  1847. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Mattoon,  Ebenezer ;  was  born  in  Amherst,  Mas 
sachusetts,  August  19,  1755;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1776;  in  1797  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
was  a  Major  in  the  War  of  1812;  Sheriff  of  Hamp 
shire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1801  to  1803,  having  succeeded  L.  Ly- 
man,  resigned;  in  1816  was  chosen  Adjutant-General 
of  Militia.  Died  in  Amherst,  September  11,  1843, 
aged  eighty-eight  years. 

Maul,  Joseph;  was  Acting  Governor  of  Dela 
ware  in  1846,  having  previously , been  elected  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. 

Maurice,  James ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Maury,  Abraham  P.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee,  from  1835  to  1839.  Died 
at  his  residence,  in  Williamson  County,  Tennessee, 
July  22,  1848. 

Maury,  "William  A.;  was  a  resident  of  Virginia; 
in  1882  was  appointed  an  Assistant  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States. 

Maxey,  S.  B.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ken 
tucky,  March  30,  1825;  was  educated  there  in  private 
schools  until  seventeen  years  of  age;  in  1842  entered 
as  a  Cadet  at  West  Point,  and  graduated  in  1846; 
joined  the  Seventh  Regiment  of  the  United  States 
Infantry  at  Monterey,  Mexico,  as  brevet  Second 
Lieutenant;  in  1847  received  brevet  as  First  Lieuten 
ant  for  services  at  Contreras  and  Cherubusco;  served 
through  the  Mexican  war,  and  resigned  in  1849;  re 
turned  to  Kentucky;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1850;  removed  to  Texas  in  1857;  in 
1861  was  elected  State  Senator  for  four  years;  de 
clined  to  serve,  and  raised  the  Ninth  Texas  Infantry 
for  the  Confederate  service,  and  was  made  Colonel; 
was  Brigadier-General  in  1862,  Major-General  in 
1864;  commanded  the  District  of  the  Indian  Terri 
tory  from  1863  to  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  also 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs;  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  in  1874  was  elected  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Texas;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1887. 

Maxey,  Virgil ;  was  born  at  Attleborough  Mas 
sachusetts;  studied  law  with  R.  G.  Harper,  of  Mary 
land,  and  settled  in  that  State,  where  he  soon 
became  eminent  in  his  profession ;  was  a  member  of 
both  houses  of  the  Legislature;  Solicitor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  and  Charge.  <V  Affaires  to  Belgium; 
published  ''Compilation  of  the  Laws  of  Maryland 
from  1692  to  1809,"  4  vols.  8vo,  1809;  "Oration  be 
fore  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society,"  in  1833.  Was 
killed  February  28,  1844,  on  board  the  United  States 
steamer  Princeton,  by  the  explosion  of  one  of  her 
guns. 

Max-well,  Augustus  B.;  was  born  in  Elberton, 
Georgia,  September  21,  1820;  received  the  benefit  of 
country  schools  in  Alabama,  and  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  studied  la*\v;  removed  to 
Florida;  in  1847  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  that 
State;  was  Secretary  of  State  in  18 18;  a  State  Senator 
in  1849;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1853  to 
1857,  refusing  a  re-nomination,  and  in  1857  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Navy  Agent  at 
Pensacola,  Florida;  in  1866  was  appointed  President 
of  the  Pensacola  and  Montgomery  Railroad. 

Max-well,  George  C.;  was  a  native  of  New 
Jersey;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1792;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1813. 


Max-well,  J.  P.  B.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1805;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1823;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1839.  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Belvidere,  New 
Jersey,  November  14,  1845.  Was  a  candidate  lor 
election  to  the  Twenty -sixth  Congress,  and  although 
he  came  with  the  great  seal  of  his  State,  was  not  ad 
mitted. 

Maxwell,  Lewis ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1827  to  1833. 

Max-well,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

May,  Henry ;  was  born  in  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia;  received  a  liberal  education;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1853  to  1855;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  to  visit  Mexico  on  busi 
ness  with  the  "  Gardiner  Claim, "  and  during  the  Re 
bellion  voluntarily  went  to  Richmond  on  a  peace 
mission,  but  was  unsuccessful.  Died  in  Baltimore, 
September  25,  1863. 

May,  "William  L.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1835 
to  1839. 

Mayall,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Maine;  served  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1845,  1847,  and  1848;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1853  to 
1855. 

Maybury,  "William  C.;  was  born  at  Detroit, 
Michigan,  November  21,  1848;  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Michigan,  from  which  institution  he  re 
ceived  the  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  and  Master  of 
Arts;  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Detroit  in  1871; 
was  elected  City  Attorney  in  1875,  and  served  four 
years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Mayer,  Charles  F.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  at 
tained  a  high  position  at  the  bar  of  Maryland,  as 
well  as  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  at  Annapolis, 
and  as  a  Judge  of  the  United  States.  Died  in  Balti 
more,  January  3,  1864,  aged  about  sixty -seven 
years. 

Mayham,  S.  L.;  was  born  in  Blenheim,  Scho- 
harie  County,  New  York,  October  8,  1825;  received 
an  academic  education ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1848;  in  1857  was  elected  Supervisor  of  Blen 
heim,  and  was  re-elected  three  times;  in  1859  was 
elected  District  Attorney  for  Schoharie  County,  for 
three  years;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  in 
1863;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty -first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenses  in  the  Post  Office  Department; 
was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Maynard,  Horace  ;  was  born  in  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  August  30,  1814;  graduated  at  Am 
herst  College  in  1838;  soon  afterwards  emigrated  to 
Tennessee ;  entered  the  University  of  East  Tennessee 
as  a  tutor,  and  subsequently  received  the  appoint 
ment  of  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  that  institution; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844; 
acquired  an  extensive  practice  in  his  profession;  held 
a  number  of  local  offices  in  his  adopted  State;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  iu  1852;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress;  during  the  first  session  of  that  Congress 


326 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  to  investigate  the 
accounts  of  William  Cullom,  late  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  was  a  member  ot  the  I 
mittee  on  Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee;  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress;  tor  his 
loyalty  during  the  troubles  of  1801,  his  property  was 
confiscated,  and  he  and  his  family  were  driven  from 
Eastern  Tennessee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baiti- 
more  Convention"  of  1864;  after  the  close  of  the  E 
bellion,  in  18U5,  was  elected  a  Representative  Irom 
Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  was 
not  admitted  to  his  seat  until  near  the  end  ol  ue 
first  session  of  that  Congress;  was  made  Chairman  ol 
the  Committee  on  Southern  Railroads,  and  placed  on 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  I860;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was 
President  of  the  "Border  State  Convention,"  held  in 
Baltimore  in  1867;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses;  in  March,  1875, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  Minister  Resi 
dent  to  Turkey;  during  his  last  term  in  Congress  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Banking;  in  1880  re 
signed  the  post  of  Minister  and  returned  home;  in 
August  of  that  year  was  appointed  Postmaster-Gen 
eral,  and  served  in  that  position  until  March,  1881. 
Died  May  3,  1882. 

Maynard,  Isaac  H.;  was  born  at  Bovina,  Dela 
ware  County,  New  York,  April  9,  1838;  his  early  ed 
ucation  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools;  he  then 
attended  Stamford  Seminary  from  1854  to  1858,  and 
Amherst  College.  Massachusetts,  from  1858  to  1862; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Novem 
ber,  1863;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Delhi, 
New  York,  immediately  afterward;  removed  to  Stam 
ford,  in  the  same  county,  in  June,  1865,  and  con 
tinued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1869  was 
elected  a  Supervisor  of  the  town;  in  1870  was  re- 
elected  and  was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Board ;  in 
the  same  year  was  elected  the  first  President  of  the 
newly  incorporated  village  of  Stamford;  was  nine 
times,  successively,  re-elected ;  in  1875  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  re- 
elected  in  1876;  in  1877  was  elected  County  Judge 
and  Surrogate  of  Delaware  County,  and  served  six 
years;  in  1883  was  a  candidate  for  Secretary  of  State 
of  New  York,  but  was  defeated;  in  January,  1884, 
was  appointed  First  Deputy  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  served  until  June,  1885, 
when  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Sec 
ond  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Maynard,  John ;  was  a  resident  of  New  York; 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1810;  studied  law  and 
commenced  practice  at  Seneca  Falls;  then  removed  to 
Auburn;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1827  to  1829,  and  gave  a  zealous  support 
to  the  administration  of  Mr.  Adams;  was  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  New  York  Senate  for  four 
years;  was  again  a  member  of  Congress  from  1841  to 
1843;  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York 
from  January,  1850,  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  oJ 
Appeals.  Died  in  Auburn,  New  York,  March  24, 
1850. 

Mayo,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Virginia,  April  28,  1836;  was  educated  at 
the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  graduating  there 
from  in  1857;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1860;  was  a  Colonel  in  the  Confederate  Army 
during  the  Civil  War;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1881 ;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress  by  a  plurality  of  one  vote. 


Mayrant,  'William;  was  a  native  of  South 
Jarolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  during  the  years  1815  and  1816. 

McAdoo  "William ;  was  born  in  County  Done 
gal  Ireland.  October  25,  1853;  emigrated,  with  his 
parents,  to  the  United  States  at  an  early  age,  and 
settled  at  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1874;  engaged  in  practice  at  Jersey 
City  was,  for  some  years,  Counsel  to  a  local  Board; 
was  'a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1882;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
-jo  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

McAfee,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  Mercer  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  1784;  was  appointed  Captain  in  R.  M. 
Johnson's  Regiment  of  Kentucky  Volunteers,  under 
General  Harrison,  at  the  Battle  of  the  Thames;  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1820  to  1824; 
Charge,  d?  Affaires  to  Colombia  from  1835  to  1837; 
author  of  "History  of  the  Late  War  in  the  Western 
Country,"  in  1816. 

McAllister,  Archibald  ;  was  born  in  Dauphin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1814;  settled  in  Blair 
County;  was,  for  thirty -three  years,  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs.  Died  July  18,  1883. 

McAllister,  Matthew  Hall ;  was  born  in  Savan 
nah,  Georgia,  November  26,  1800;  was  a  prominent 
lawyer;  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  for  Georgia,  a  post  held  by  his  father  during  the 
administration  of  Washington;  was,  for  some  years, 
Mayor  of  Savannah;  was  an  opponent  to  Nullifica 
tion  in  1832;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1835;  was  a  State  Senator  for  five  years,  and  caused  the 
establishment  of  the  Court  of  Errors;  emigrated,  with 
his  family,  to  California  in  1850;  from  1855  to  1862 
was  United  States  Circuit  Judge  of  that  State;  was 
the  author  of  a  Eulogy  on  President  Jackson,  and  a 
volume  of  legal  opinions  published  by  his  son:  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Columbia  College. 
Died  at  San  Francisco,  California,  December  19, 
1865. 

Me  Arthur,  Arthur;  was  born  in  Scotland: 
settled  in  Wisconsin;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
that  State  in  185(i;  was  elected  to  a  Judgeship  in 
that  State,  which  position  he  held  until  1861);  in  1870 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Colum 
bia. 

McArthur,  Duncan;  was  born  in  Dutchess 
County,  New  York  in  1772;  when  eight  years  of  age 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Pennsylvania;  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  volunteered  in  defense  of  the  frontier 
settlements  of  Ohio  against  the  Indians;  studied  sur 
veying,  and  acquired  great  wealth  in  the  business  of 
buying  and  selling  lands,  in  addition  to  surveying 
them;  in  1805  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature; 
in  1806  was  appointed  Colonel,  and  in  1808  Major- 
General  of  the  State  Militia,  performed  valuable  ser 
vices  during  the  War  of  1812,  in  which  he  held  a 
General's  commission,  and  although  elected  to  Con 
gress  in  1812,  declined  leaving  his  command;  in  1815 
was  again  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  in  1816  was 
appointed  Commissioner  to  conclude  Treaties  with 
the  Indians;  from  1817  to  1819  was  in  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  in  1817;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1825 ; 
in  1830  was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State,  which 


BIOGRAPHICAL,    ANNALS. 


327 


position  he  held  until  1833;  while  in  that  office  met 
with  an  accident,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  never 
recovered. 

McBride,  James ;  was  a  citizen  of  Oregon;  was 
appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Hawaii  in  1863;  re 
turned  to  the  United  States  in  1866. 

McBride,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  Missouri,  August  22,  1832;  emigrated  to  Oregon 
in  184<j;  in  1854  was  chosen  Superintendent  of  Com 
mon  Schools;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1855;  in  1867  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Oregon  State  Constitution;  was 
chosen  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years  after  its 
adoption ;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Oregon  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
the  Territory  of  Idaho. 

McCaleb,  Theodore  H.;  was  a  citizen  of 
Louisiana,  residing  at  New  Orleans;  in  1842  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  two  Districts  of 
Louisiana. 

McCalla,  John  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1845 
was  appointed  Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  re 
maining  in  office  until  1849. 

McCalmont,  Alfred  B.;  was  a  native  of  Penn 
sylvania;  was  educated  for  the  bar;  in  1859  was  ap 
pointed  the  First  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,  and  remained  in  office  until  1861. 

McCalmont,  John  S.;  was  born  at  Franklin, 
Venango  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  28,  1822;  was 
educated  at  the  village  schools,  a  private  Latin 
school,  Allegheny  College,  and  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  New  York,  gradu 
ating  from  the  latter  institution  in  the  class  of  1842; 
was  commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  United  States 
Army,  and  assigned  to  the  Eighth  Regiment  United 
States  Infantry;  resigned  in  1843;  read  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  was  Deputy  Attorney- 
General  for  Clarion,  McKean,  and  Elk  Counties, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850,  serv 
ing  as  Speaker  during  the  latter  year;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1852;  in  1853  was  appointed  Presi 
dent  Judge  of  the  Eighteenth  District  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  was  elected  for  a  full  term  often  years;  re 
signed  in  18(il  to  take  command  of  the  Tenth  Regi 
ment  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Volunteers;  resigned  his 
commission  as  Colonel  May  9,  1862;  in  April,  1885, 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Customs  in  the  Unit 
ed  States  Treasury  Department. 

McCandless,  Wilson  ;  was  born  in  Pittsburgh , 
Pennsylvania,  about  the  year  1811;  was  educated  at 
the  Western  University;  studied  law  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1831;  practiced  his  profession  in  Pitts 
burgh  for  more  than  twenty-five  years;  in  1859  was 
appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  Western 
Pennsylvania;  in  early  life  devoted  some  attention  to 
politics;  later  was  identified  with  many  of  the  local 
interests  of  his  city  and  State,  and  as  a  Mason  and  a 
churchman  assisted  many  benevolent  institutions; 
from  Union  College  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws. 

McCarthy,  Dennis  ;  was  born  in  the  village  of 
Salina,  now  within  the  limits  of  Syracuse,  New  York, 
March  19,  1814;  received  a  common  school  and  aca 
demic  education;  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  became  a  manufacturer  of  salt;  in  1846 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1853  was 


Mayor  of  Syracuse,  and  after  holding  various  other 
positions  of  trust  and  honor,  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committtees  on  Foreign 
Affairs,  Roads  and  Canals,  and  Ways  and  Means;  in 
1875  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York;  remained 
in  the  Senate,  by  re-election,  until  1885;  in  1881  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern.  Died  Feb 
ruary  14,  1886. 

McCarty,  Andrew  Z.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1848; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  Stale 
from  1855  to  1857. 

McCarty,  Jonathan ;  was  a  native  of  Tennes 
see;  removed,  with  his  father,  at  an  early  age  to  In 
diana;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  for  a 
time  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  or  County  Court  at  Conners- 
ville;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1831  to  1837;  left  Indiana  for  Iowa,  where  he 
died  in  1855. 

McCarty,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1821  to  1823.  •  * 

McCarty,  "William  M.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1840  to  1841. 

McCauslen,  William  C.;  was  born  in  Ohio; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

McCay,  Henry  Kent ;  was  born  in  Northum 
berland  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  8,  1820;  at 
tended  the  local  schools  until  his  seventeenth  year, 
when  he  entered  Princeton  College;  was  a  close 
student,  and  graduated  with  distinction  in  1839;  a 
few  months  after  leaving  college  went  to  Georgia, 
and,  for  two  years,  engaged  in  teaching  school  at 
Lexington,  Oglethorpe  County;  during  this  period 
studied  law;  in  1842  removed  to  Americus,  Georgia; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Americus;  in  1861  entered  the  Confed 
erate  Army  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Forty-second 
Georgia  Infantry;  served  throughout  the  Civil  War; 
at  its  close  returned  to  his  home  in  Americus,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law;  became  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  favored  very  strongly  the  reconstruction 
measures;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1868;  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Bul 
lock,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Georgia, 
which  position  he  held  for  nearly  eight  years,  when 
he  resigned  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Atlanta, 
Georgia;  in  August,  1882,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Arthur,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Northern  District  of  Georgia.  Died  at  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  July  30,  1886. 

McClean,  Moses;  was  born  in  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1804;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar 
in  1825,  and  settled  in  Gettysburg;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847;  in  1855  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  for  several  years 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Pennsylvania 
College;  acquired  a  large  practice  in  his  profession. 
Died  in  his  native  place,  October  1,  1870. 

McClellan,  Abraham ;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1843. 

McClellan,  G-eorge  Brinton ;  was  the  son  of  a 
distinguished  physician,  George  McClellan,  and  born 
in  Philadelphia,  December  3,  1826;  graduated  at 
West  Point  in  1846;  distinguished  himself  as  a  Lieu 
tenant  and  Captain  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  in  1847 


328 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


entered  West  Point  as  an  Instructor,  and  prepared  a 
"Manual  on  Bayonet  Exercise,"  which  became  a 
text-book  in  the  service;  in  1852  accompanied  his 
father-in-law,  General  E.  B.  Marcy,  as  engineer  on 
his  expedition  to  Texas;  was  detailed  to  explore  the 
route  tor  the  Pacific  Railway,  his  report  forming  the 
first  of  the  complete  work  in  thirteen  volumes;  in 
1855  he  visited  the  Crimea  with  Delafield  and  Mor- 
deica.  and  published  a  report  of  his  observations  on 
the  "Armies  of  Europe";  resigned  his  commission, 
and  spent  three  years  as  Engineer  and  Vice- President 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  also  had  charge  of 
other  important  roads  in  the  West;  when  the  Rebellion 
commenced  he  was  appointed  Major-General  of  Volun 
teers  in  Ohio;  was  soon  made  Major-General  in  the 
Regular  Army,  and  on  the  retirement  of  General 
Scott  was  made  General-in-Chief  of  the  American 
Army;  commanded  the  army  of  the  Potomac  in  the 
protracted  Peninsula  campaign;  won  the  battle  of 
Antietam;  resigned  from  the  army  in  1864;  was  the 
Democratic  Candidate  for  President,  but  was  de 
feated  by  Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was  re-elected; 
published  a  number  of  books  on  military  matters. 
and  a  Report  on  the  Organization  and  Campaigns  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac ;*traveled  in  Europe;  his 
life  was  written  by  George  S.  Hillard:  was  Governor 
of  New  Jersey  from  1878  to  1881.  Died  October  29, 
1885. 

McClellan,  Robert ;  was  a  native  Schoharie 
County,  New  York ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843.  Died  in  1860,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

McClelland,  Robert;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1807;  graduated  at  Dickin 
son  College;  practiced  law  for  a  year  or  so  at  Pitts 
burgh;  in  1833  removed  to  Michigan  and  established 
himself  at  Monroe;  served  for  several  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1849;  was  Governor  of  Michi 
gan  in  1852  and  1853;  in  1853  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  Interior  Department,  by  President  Pierce, 
the  duties  of  which  position  he  performed  until  1857 ; 
subsequently  settled  in  Detroit  and  practiced  his 
profession  there;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York 
Convention  of  1868. 

McClelland,  William;  was  born  in  Mount 
Jackson,  Pennsylvania,  March  2,  1842;  attended 
Westminster  College  at  New  Wilmington,  Pennsyl 
vania;  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  the  First  Artillery,  and  served  over  four 
years,  becoming  Commander;  participated  in  all  the 
battles  fought  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  except 
Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg;  subsequently  at 
tended  Allegheny  College  at  Meadville,  Pennsylva 
nia;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1870;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

McClenachan,  Blair ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1797  to  1799. 

McClene,  James ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to 
1780. 

McClernand,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Brecken- 
ridge  County,  Kentucky,  May  30,  1812;  was  reared 
at  Shawneetown,  Illinois,  and  had  only  the  advan 
tages  of  a  common  school  education;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832;  served  as  a  pri 
vate,  but  with  credit,  in  the  Black  Hawk  War;  es 
tablished  the  first  Democratic  press  at  Shawn  eeto'wn- 
edited  his  paper  and  practiced  law  until  1843,  when 
tie  was  elected  to  Congress  from  Illinois,  and  served 


as  a  Representative  until  1851 ;  had  also,  before  go 
ing  to  Congress,  been  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1859  was  again  elected  to  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  but  resigned  to  accept  the 
commission  of  Brigadier-General  in  the  Union  Army 
in  1861;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Na 
tional  Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

McClung1,  Alexander  K..;  was  born  in  Mason 
County,  Kentucky,  about  1812;  enlisted  in  the  Navy 
when  a  lad ;  afterward  studied  law,  and  practiced  in 
Mississippi ;  was  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Mexican 
War,  and  severely  wounded  at  Monterey;  from  1849 
to  1851  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Bolivia;  delivered  an 
able  eulogium  on  Henry  Clay  at  the  State  Capitol  in 
1852. 

McClung,  "William;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Adams,  in  1801,  United  States  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  the  Sixth  Circuit. 

McClure,  Addison  S.;  was  born  at  Wooster, 
Ohio,  October  10,  1839;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion,  attaining  the  rank  of  Captain;  was  elected 
Recorder  of  Wooster  in  1867;  was  appointed  Postmas 
ter  in  that  year  and  re-appointed  in  1872  and  1876; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican.  National  Conven 
tions  of  1868  and  1876;  edited  the  Wooster  Republican 
newspaper  from  1870  to  1880;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

McClurg,  Joseph  W.;  was  born  in  St.  Louis 
County,  Missouri,  February  22,  1818;  received  a  good 
education,  chiefly  at  Oxford  College,  Ohio;  in  his 
seventeenth  year  went  to  Louisiana  and  Mississippi . 
and  spent  nearly  two  years  as  a  teacher;  went  to 
Texas  in  1841,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court;  in  1844  settled  in 
Missouri  as  a  merchant;  when  the  Rebellion  broke 
out  his  interests  suffered  greatly  from  the  plunder  of 
the  Rebels;  took  part  in  the  war  as  Colonel  of  the 
Osage  Regiment  of  Infantry,  and  also  of  a  Cavalry 
Regiment;  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  "  State  Con 
vention  "  in  1862;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Territories;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Baltimore  Convention"  of  1864;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  Elections,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Southern  Railroads; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress;  in  1868  was  elected  Governor  of  Missouri ;  after 
the  expiration  of  his  term,  went  extensively  into  the 
business  of  mining. 

McCoid,  Moses  A.;  was  born  in  Logan  County, 
Ohio,  November  5,  1840;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  at  Fairfield,  Iowa:  was  District  Attorney  of  the 
Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Iowa  from  1867  to  1871; 
was  State  Senator  from  1872  to  1879;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

McCemas,  Louis  B.;  was  born  near  Williams - 
port,  Washington  County,  Maryland,  October  28, 
1846;  received  a  classical  education,  attending  St. 
James  College,  Maryland,  for  three  years,  and  gradu 
ating  from  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1866; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868,  and 
engaged  in  practice  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland;  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1876  by  fourteen  votes,  WHS 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS 


329 


elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth 
Congress 

McComas,  "William;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Manufactures 

McComb,  Eleazer ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1782  to  1784. 

McConnell,  Felix  G-. ;  was  a  native  of  Lincoln 
.County,  Tennessee;  in  1824  removed  to  Talladega 
County,  Alabama;  was  brought  up  a  mechanic,  but 
subsequently  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843 
to  1846.  Died,  by  his  own  hand,  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  September,  1846,  aged  thirty- 
six  years. 

McConnell,  Murray ;  was  born  in  Illinois;  in 
1855  was  appointed  Fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 
where  he  remained  until  1859. 

McConnell,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  15,  1849;  was  re 
moved,  by  his  parents,  to  Angola,  Indiana,  while  an 
infant  and  continued  to  reside  there  until  1879;  was 
educated  in  the  common-schools  and  at  the  Waynes- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  College;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Angola; 
in  1872  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Hendricks,  Pre 
senting  Attorney  for  the  Thirty -fifth  Circuit  of  Indi 
ana;  was  twice  elected  to  the  same  office,  serving  for 
about  five  years;  in  1879,  removed  to  Fargo,  Dakota, 
where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
was  City  Attorney  of  Fargo  in  1883;  on  May  8,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  Territory. 

McConville,  David ;  was  born  at  Warrenpoint, 
County  Down,  Ireland,  July  30.  1846;  came  to  the 
United  States,  with  his  parents,  in  1849,  and  located 
at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  where  his  father  engaged  in 
merchandising;  he  received  a  liberal  education,  grad 
uating  from  the  High  School  at  Steubenville,  Ohio, 
in  June,  1862;  at  once  entered  his  father's  store  as  a 
clerk;  in  1869  began  business  on  his  own  account; 
took  a  deep  interest  in  politics;  in  1875  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1878  was  appointed,  by  Governor 
Bishop,  Director  of  the  Ohio  Penitentiary;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  State  Executive  Commit 
tee  of  Ohio  in  1879  and  1880;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1880  and  1884; 
was  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Execu 
tive  Committee  in  1883  and  1884;  was  Secretary  to 
the  Governor  of  Ohio  from  January,  1884,  to  April, 
1885,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
Department  at  Washington. 

McCook,  Anson  G.;  was  born  at  Steubenville, 
Ohio,  October  10,  1835 ;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  in  1854  crossed  the  plains  to  California;  return 
ing  in  1859  commenced  the  study  of  law;  entered  the 
Union  Army,  in  1861,  as  Captain,  and  served  through 
out  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet 
Brigadier-General;  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Inter 
nal  Revenue  in  1865;  removed  to  New  York  in  1873; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  in  December,  1883,  was  elected  Secretary  of 
the  United  States  Senate. 


McCopk,  Edward  M.;  was  born  in  Steuben 
ville,  Ohio,  in  June,  1834;  was  educated  in  a  log 
school  house;  went  to  Minnesota  in  1856,  and  became 
Private  Secretary  of  the  Governor;  emigrated  to  Pike's 
Peak  in  1859;  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas  Legisla 
ture  in  1860;  entered  the  army  at  the  opening  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  by  1864  had  attained  the  rank  of 
Brevet  Major-General,  his  exploits  on  the  battle  field 
were  numerous  and  distinguished;  between  the  years 
1866  and  1869  was  Minister  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands; 
in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  Governor  of  Colo 
rado. 

McCord,  Andrew;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  during  the  years  1800,  1801,  18  J2, 
and  1807,  part  of  the  time  Speaker;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1803  to 
1805. 

McCorkle,  Joseph  W.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  California  from 
1851  to  1853. 

McCormick,  Andrew  Phelps;  was  born  in 
Brazoria  County,  Texas,  December  18,  1832;  received 
a  classical  education,  graduating  from  Centre  College. 
Kentucky,  in  1854;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1855,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Brazoria, 
Texas;  was  Judge  of  Probate  in  Brazoria  County  in 
1865  and  1866;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Conventions  of  1866  and  1868;  was  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  from  1871  to  1876;  was  State  Sena 
tor  from  1876  to  1879;  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Texas  in 
1878;  declining  to  qualify  before  the  expiration  of 
his  Senatorial  term,  he  was,  in  1879,  appointed 
United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Northern  Dis 
trict  of  Texas,  and  resigned  as, Senator  to  enter  upon 
his  judicial  duties;  the  same  year  removed  to  Dallas, 
Texas:  in  1883  settled  at  Graham,  Texas. 

McCormick,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Missouri,  August  1,  1824;  received  a 
common  school  education:  in  1849  received  the  degree 
of  M.D. ;  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
vention  of  1861,  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  served  as  a  Brigadier-General  of  Militia  in 
1863;  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Sur 
geon  in  the  army,  which  position  he  resigned;  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1866;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  and  Forty -second  Congresses,  serving  on  various 
Committees. 

McCormick,  John  "Watts ;  was  born  in  Gallia 
County,  Ohio,  December  20,  1831:  was  reared  on  a 
farm;  received  a  common  school  education;  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univers 
ity  and  remained  there  two  years;  then  entered  the 
Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  Ohio ;  was  forced  to 
withdraw,  during  the  last  term  of  his  sophomore 
year,  by  reason  of  ill -health ;  was  soon  -after  left  in 
charge  of  the  farm  by  the  death  of  his  father;  attend 
ed  to  the  farm  duties  during  the  summer  and  taught 
school  in  the  winter  months;  espoused  the  cause  of 
religion  and  was  licensed  as  a  Local  Minister  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  was  ordained  a  Local 
Deacon  in  1884,  and  a  Local  Elder  in  1879 ;  held  sev 
eral  positions  of  local  trust;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1873;  was  elected 
a  itonresen native  from  Oklo  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con- 


330 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


McCormick,  Richard  C.;  was  born  in  New 
York  City  in  1832;  received  a  classical  education; 
entered  into  business  in  Wall  street  in  1850;  visited 
Europe  during  the  Crimean  War,  and  published  a 
book  of  correspondence  which  was  successful  in 
England;  also  a  volume  entitled  "St.  Paul  to  St. 
Sophia;  or  Sketchings  in  Europe";  from  1857  to 
1861  was  a  Trustee  of  Public  Schools  in  New  York ; 
in  1859  edited  the  Young  Men's  Magazine,  and  con 
tributed  to  other  periodicals;  was  a  "War  Corres 
pondent"  for  several  leading  New  York  journals  ; 
in  1862  was  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Department  of  Agri 
culture  in  Washington;  in  1863  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  Arizona  Territory;  in  1866  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Territory;  in  1868  was  elected  Dele 
gate  from  Arizona  to  the  Fo>-ty-first  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  two  succeeding  Congresses;  in  1875  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Centennial  Exhibi 
tion;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  Department  from  April  to  December,  1877. 

McCoy,  Robert ;  resided  at  one  time  in  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  and  held  several  public  positions  in 
that  State,  such  as  Brigadier-General  of  Militia  and 
Canal  Commissioner;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1831  to  1833.  Died  at  Wheeling, 
Virginia,  June  7,  1849. 

McCoy,  William ;  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1811  to  1833. 

McCrary,  George  W. ;  was  born  near  Evans- 
ville,  Indiana,  August  29,  1835;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Wisconsin  Territory  in  1836;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education ;  studied  law 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  in  1856;  in 
1857  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1861 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revision  of  Laws,  and  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Elections, 
and  Railroads  and  Canals;  also  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  Secretary  of  War,  in  the 
Cabinet  of  President  Hayes,  from  March,  1877,  to 
December,  1879,  when  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  Circuit. 

McCrate,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Wiscasset, 
Maine,  about  1800;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1819;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1831  to  1836;  Col 
lector  of  Customs  at  Wiscasset  from  1836  to  1841; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from 
1845  to  1847. 

McCreary,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  July  8,  1838;  graduated  from 
Center  College,  Danville,  Kentucky,  in  1857;  read 
law,  attended  the  Law  College  of  the  University  of 
Tennessee,  and  graduated,  in  1859,  with  first  honors 
in  a  class  of  forty-seven;  immediately  engaged  in 
practice  at  Richmond,  Kentucky,  devoting  some  time 
to  agricultural  pursuits  also;  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Confederate 
Army  and  was  elected.  Major  of  the  Eleventh  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry;  at  the  time  of  the  surrender  of  the 
Confederate  forces  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  his  regi 
ment;  in  1868  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Na 
tional  Convention ;  in  1869  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  and  was  twice  re-elected; 
in  1871  was  elected  Speaker  and  was  re-elected  in 
1873;  was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky  in  1875, 


and  served  four  years;  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
Richmond;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

McCreary,  John ;  was  born  in  Chester  District, 
South  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1819  to  1821. 

McCreary,  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1803  to  1809. 

McCreedy,  William;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1829  to  1831. 

McCreery,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1817;  studied  law,  but  instead  of  practicing  the 
profession,  turned  his  attention  to  agricultural  pur 
suits;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  a  Visitor  to 
the  West  Point  Academy  in  1858;  in  1868  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  in  the  place  of  James  Guthrie, 
resigned;  that  term  expired  in  1871;  was  re-elected 
in  1873  for  the  term  ending  in  1879,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Relations,  Indian  Affairs, 
Civil  Service,  and  Retrenchment. 

McCue,  Alexander ;  was  born  at  Metamora, 
Mexico,  in  1826;  graduated  from  Columbia  College, 
New  York,  in  1845;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1848,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law 
at  Brooklyn,  New  York;  was  Corporation  Counsel  of 
the  City  of  Brooklyn  in  1861  and  1862,  and  again  in 
1867  and  1868;  in  1870  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  City  Court  of  Brooklyn,  serving  until  April, 
1885,  when,  upon  receiving  the  appointment  of  Solic 
itor  of  the  United  States  Treasury  at  Washington,  ten 
dered  him  by  President  Cleveland,  he  resigned  the 
Judgeship,  and  entered  upon  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  his  new  office. 

McCulloch,  George ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1840  to  1841. 

McCulloch,  Hugh;  was  born  in  Kennebunk, 
Maine;  in  1824  entered  Bowdoin  College,  but  left  in 
his  sophomore  year  on  account  of  his  health;  studied 
law,  and  on  being  admitted  to  practice,  removed  to 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1833;  in  1835  was  chosen 
Cashier  of  the  Branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Indiana, 
and  as  such,  and  also  as  a  Director,  was  connected 
with  it  until  1857;  in  that  year  was  elected  President 
of  the  State  Bank,  in  which  position  he  continued 
until  1863;  was  soon  afterwards  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  which 
Bureau  he  organized  and  put  into  successful  opera 
tion;  in  March,  1865,  entered  the  Cabinet  as  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury. 

McCulloch,  John;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1853  to  1855. 

McCulloch,  Thomas  G.;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1820  to  1822,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  D.  Fullerton. 

McCullough,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Cecil  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  September  20,  1813;  educated  at  the 
Elkton  Academy;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1838;  was  elected  to  the  Maryland  Senate 
in  1845,  and  re-elected,  serving  until  the  adoption  of 
the  Constitution  of  1851 ;  in  the  winter  of  1852  and 
1853  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  one  of  the 
Codifiers  of  the  Laws  of  Maryland,  and  aided  in 
making  the  present  code  of  that  State;  also  held 
various  offices  of  trust  and  responsibility  connected 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


with  the  courts,  and  the  town  and  county  of  his  resi 
dence;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  his  old  Committee  and 
on  that  on  Accounts;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New 
York  Convention  of  1868. 

McCurdy,  Charles  Johnson;  was  born  at 
Lyine,  Connecticut,  December  7,  1797;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1817;  studied  law  with  Judge  Swift; 
was  prominent  in  the  profession ;  was  a  member  of 
both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  and  three  years 
Speaker  of  the  House;  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1845 
and  1846;  United  States  Minister  to  Austria  in  1851 
and  1852;  in  1856  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court,  and  subsequently  on  the  Supreme  Bench 
until  1867;  in  February,  1861,  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Peace  Congress;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Yale  College. 

McCurdy,  S.  P. ;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  re 
moved  to  Missouri,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah,  residing  at  Fort 
Bridger. 

McDaniel,  Henry  D.;  was  born  at  Monroe, 
Walton  County,  Georgia,  September  4,  1837;  passed 
his  boyhood  at  Atlanta,  Georgia;  was  graduated  from 
Mercer  University,  Georgia,  with  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Monroe, 
his  native  place;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention,  in 

1861,  which  decided  upon  the  secession  of  Georgia 
from  the  Union;    in  July,  1861,  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army  as  a  First  Lieutenant;  in  November, 

1862,  was  promoted  to  Major;  served  in  the  campaigns 
of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  until  after  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  July,  1863; 
during  the  third  day  of  that  battle  was  in  command 
of  a  Brigade;  while  in  command  of  his  regiment,  in 
the  retreat  from  Gettysburg,  was  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner;   remained  a  prisoner  of  war  until   July, 
18G5;  then  returned  to  his  home  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession;    in  October,    1865,    was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Georgia  Legislature ; 
was  disqualified,  by  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  from  holding 
office;  in  1872  his  disabilities  were  removed  by  Act 
of  Congress,  and,  in  October  of  that  year,  he  was 
again  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature;  in 
October,  1874,  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  was  suc 
cessively  re-elected,   serving  until    1883;    in   April, 
1883,  was  elected  Governor  of  Georgia  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  deceased;  in 
1884  was  re-elected  for  a  full  term  of  two  years. 

McDill,  Alexander  S.;  was  born  in  Crawford 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  18,  1822;  graduated  at 
the  Cleveland  Medical  College;  was  engaged  in  the 
general  practice  of  his  profession  from  1848  until 
1856,  when  he  removed  to  Portage  County,  Wiscon 
sin  ;  was  elected  to  the  State  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  1861,  and  to  the  State  Senate  in  1862;  chosen 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864;  was  one  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  from  1862  to  1868,  when  he  was  elected  Medi 
cal  Superintendent,  which  position  he  resigned  to 
take  his  seat  in  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Education  and  Labor. 

McDill,  James  "Wilson ;  was  born  in  Monroe, 
Ohio,  March  4,  1834;  graduated  at  the  Miami  Uni 
versity,  Ohio,  in  1853;  studied  law  at  Columbus, 
Ohio;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  and  removed 


to  Iowa;  was  elected  Judge  of  Union  County  in  1659; 
in  1861  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Senate  Committee  on 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  a  Clerk  in  the  office  of 
the  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  in  which  position 
he  served  until  1865,  when  he  resigned,  and  returned 
to  Iowa;  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  in  1868;  in  1870, 
appointed,  and  then  elected,  District  Judge;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad;  was  a  State  Railroad  Commissioner  from 
!  1878  to  1881;  in  1881  was  first  appointed  and  then 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  caused  by  the  resignation  of  S.  J.  Kirkwood. 

McDonald,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Clinton 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  10,  1832;  was  educated 
chiefly  at  the  Lewisburg  University;  emigrated  to 
Kansas  in  1857,  and  turned  his  attention  to  mercan 
tile  pursuits;  took  a  leading  part  in  raising  troops 
for  the  Union  Army  during  the  Rebellion,  and  for  a 
time  supported  three  regiments  at  his  private  expense ;  •• 
in  1863  settled  in  Arkansas  as  a  merchant;  estab 
lished  and  became  President  of  a  National  Bank  at 
Fort  Smith;  also  became  President  of  the  Merchant's 
National  Bank  at  Little  Rock;  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Arkansas  for  the  term  ending  in 
|  1871,  having  taken  his  seat  on  the  admission  of  that 
State  into  the  Union,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Post-Office,  Territories,  and  Manufactures;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  in  1868. 

McDonald,  Charles  J.;  was  Governor  of  Geor 
gia  from  1839  to  1843. 

McDonald,  David ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  Indiana. 

McDonald,  J.  E.;  was  born  in  Butler  County, 
Ohio,  August  29,  1819;  removed  to  Indiana  at  the 
age  of  seven;  was  apprenticed  to  the  saddler's  trade 
at  Crawfordsville;  was  two  years  in  college  but  did 
not  graduate;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843; 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  that  year,  and  held 
the  office  four  years;  in  1849  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  and  served  one  term;  elected  At 
torney-General  of  the  State  in  1856 ;  re-elected  in  1 858 ; 
removed  to  Indianapolis  in  1859;  was  a  Candidate 
for  Governor  in  1864,  but  defeated;  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  in  1875,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1881. 

McDougall,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Scotland 
in  1731;  came  to  America  with  his  father  about  1755; 
settled  near  New  York,  in  which  city  his  youth  was 
passed  in  various  active  employments;  while  a  prin 
ter,  the  action  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1769  in  re 
jecting  the  vote  by  ballot,  and  favoring  the  bill  of 
supplies  for  troops  quartered  in  the  city,  caused  him 
to  issue  an  address  entitled,  "A  Son  of  Liberty  to  the 
Betrayed  Inhabitants  of  the  Colony."  This  was 
voted,  by  the  Assembly,  a  seditious  paper,  and  he 
was  imprisoned.  Upon  regaining  his  liberty,  pre 
sided  over  the  meeting  preparatory  to  electing  Dele 
gates  for  the  Continental  Congress;  was  appointed 
Colonel  of  the  First  New  York  Regiment;  Brigadier- 
General,  August  9,  1776;Major-General,  October  20, 
1777;  superintended  the  embarkation  of  troops  on 
the  evening  of  August  29,  1776,  after  the  defeat  on 
Long  Island;  was  actively  engaged  on  Chatterton's 
Hill,  White  Plains,  October  26,  and  in  various  places 
in  New  Jersey,  in  the  spring  of  1777  took  command 
at  Peekskill,  but  was  compelled,  by  a  superior  force, 
to  retreat,  March  23;  was  in  the  Battle  of  German- 
town;  took  command  of  the  posts  on  the  Hudson, 
March  16,  1778;  with  Kosciusko  pushed  the  construc 
tion  of  fortifications  on  the  Highlands  until  the  close- 
of  1780;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York  to  the  Conti- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


nental  Congress  in  1781  and  1782;  again  in  1784  and 
1785;  in  1781  was  appointed,  by  Congress,  Minister 
of  Marine,  but  did  not  long  remain  in  Philadelphia; 
in  1783,  when  the  army  went  into  winter  quarters  at 
Newburg,  he  was  the  head  of  the  Committee  sent  to 
Congress  to  represent  its  grievances;  was  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Senate  in  1783,  and  remained  in 
that  position  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  New 
York  City,  June  8,  1786. 

McDougall,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Bethlehem, 
Albany  County,  New  York,  November  19,  1817;  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  Albany  Grammar  School ; 
assisted  in  the  survey  of  the  first  railway  ever  built 
in  this  country,  that  of  Albany  and  Schenectady; 
studied  law,  and  adopted  that  profession;  removed  to 
Pike  County,  Illinois,  in  1837;  in  1842  was  chosen 
Attorney-General  of  Illinois;  re-elected  in  1844;  in 
1849  originated  and  accompanied  an  exploring  expe 
dition  to  Rio  del  Norte,  the  Gila,  and  Colorado;  af 
terwards  emigrated  to  California,  and  followed  his 
profession  at  San  Francisco;  in  1850  was  elected  At 
torney-General  of  California;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress-from  California  from  1853  to  1855,  declining 
a  re-nomination;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
•Congress  for  six  years,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Finance,  and  Naval  Affairs,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad ;  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1864,  and  to  the 
Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 
Died  at  Albany,  New  York,  September  3,  1867. 

McDoug-all,  John ;  was  Acting-Governor  of  Cal 
ifornia  from  1851  to  1852. 

McDowell,  James ;  was  born  in  Rockbridge 
•County,  Virginia,  in  1796;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1817;  was  Governor  of  Virginia  from  1842 
to  1845;  from  1845  to  1851  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  Eleventh  Congressional  District  of 
Virginia:  in  1846  his  Alma  Mater  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  he  was  an  eloquent  speaker, 
an  upright  man  and  a  true  patriot.  Died  near  Lex 
ington,  Virginia,  August  24,  1851. 

McDowell,  James  Foster ;  was  born  in  Mif- 
flin  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  3,  1825;  went 
with  his  parents  to  Ohio  in  1835;  served  for  a  time 
in  a  printing  office,  during  which  apprenticeship  he 
studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  his  twenty-first 
year;  his  first  office  was  that  of  County  Attorney;  in 
1851  he  settled  in  Indiana  and  established  the 
Marion  Journal]  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852; 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

McDowell,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Winchester, 
Virginia;  emigrated,  with  his  father,  to  North  Caro 
lina,  where  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  military 
operations  of  the  time,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  from  1782  to  1788;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1793  to  1795,  and  again  from  1797  to 
1799. 

McDowell,  Joseph  J.;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina;  on  removing  to  Kentucky,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843 
to  1847. 

McDuffie,  Q-eorge;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  Georgia,  in  1788;  was  for  a  time  a  clerk  in 
Augusta;  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in 
1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  law;  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Trustee 
of  his  Alma  Mater;  a  Major  of  Militia;  was  elected 


a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  in 
1821.  and  served  until  1835,  when  he  was  chosen 
Governor  of  the  State;  in  1843  was  elected  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  but  was  compelled  by  ill-health 
to  resign  that  station  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  office ;  his  ill-health  was  partly  the  result  of 
a  duel,  which  he  fought  in  Augusta,  Georgia,  with 
Colonel  Gumming,  in  which  he  was  wounded;  he  was 
a  co-worker  and  friend  of  Calhoun  and  Hayne,  and 
an  eloquent  defender  of  the  peculiar  institutions  of 
the  South.  Died  in  Sumter  District,  South  Caro 
lina,  March  11,  1851. 

McEnery,  Samuel  Douglas;  was  born  at 
Monroe,  Louisiana,  May  28,  1837;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  was  sent  to  Spring  Hill  College,  near  Mo 
bile,  Alabama ;  in  1851  was  appointed  a  Cadet  Mid 
shipman  at  the  United  States  Naval  Academy,  An 
napolis,  Maryland,  where  he  remained  three  years ; 
then,  in  1855,  entered  the  Collegiate  Department  of 
the  University  of  Virginia,  from  which  he  went  to 
the  "State  and  National  Law  School,"  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York;  after  graduating  located  at 
Mary ville,  Missouri ;  ill-health  compelled  him  to  re 
turn  to  Louisiana;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861,  and  served  throughout  the  war;  aftei  its  close 
studied  the  civil  law,  and  entered  upon  its  practice 
at  Monroe,  Louisiana ;  in  1879  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State;  by  the  death  of  Governor 
Wiltz,  in  1881,  became  Governor  of  Louisiana;  in 
1883  was  elected  Governor  for  the  full  term  of  four 
years. 

McFadden,  Obadiah  B. ;  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1817;  was  by  pro 
fession  a  lawyer;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1843;  was  Protionotary  for  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  Washington  County  in  1845 ;  in 
1853  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Oregon;  in  1854  was  ap 
pointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for 
Washington  Territory;  in  1858  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  same,  and  discharged  the  duties  until 
1861;  represented  his  District  in  the  Legislative 
Council;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  as 
a  Delegate  from  Washington  Territory.  Died  at 
Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  June  25,  1875. 

McFarlan,  Duncan;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1805  to  1807; 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  for  three 
years. 

McFarland,  Noah  C.;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  23,  1822;  attended  col 
lege  at  Washington,  Pennsylvania,  but  did  not  grad 
uate;  removed  to  Bucyrus,  Ohio,  in  1846;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1849  settled  at 
Hamilton,  Ohio,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1865  was 
elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1870  removed  to  Topeka, 
Kansas;  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  was  twice  ap 
pointed  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  Kansas;  in 
1881  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office,  at  Washington. 

McFarland,  William;  was  born  in  Dan d ridge, 
Jefferson  County,  Tennessee,  September  15,  1821; 
was  educated  in  the  old-time  schools  of  the  country; 
studied  law.  but  owing  to  family  circumstances  was 
obliged  to  follow  several  business  pursuits;  when 
the  Rebellion  opened,  he  sided  with  the  Union,  and 
was  imprisoned  by  the  Confederates:  after  the  war 
began  to  practice  law;  became  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  and  held  various  local  positions;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


333 


McGaughey,  Edward  "W.;  was  born  in  Indi 
ana;  was  a  Representative  m  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  another  term  end 
ing  in  1851.  Died  August  18,  1852. 

McGowan,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Mahoning 
County,  Ohio,  April  2,  1837;  in  1854  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Indiana,  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Michigan  in  1861;  taught  school  at  Coldwater, 
Michigan,  for  one  year;  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  Captaincy;  was  disabled  and 
resigned;  returned  to  Coldwater;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
from  1868  to  1872;  served  one  term  in  the  State  Sen 
ate;  was,  for  seven  years,  a  Regent  of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  resigning  to  take  his  seat  as  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  in  the  Forty -fifth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

McGrath,  A.  G.;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  well  educated;  while  residing  in  Charles 
ton,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court 
for  the  District  of  South  Carolina. 

McGrew,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Preston 
County,  West  Virginia,  September  13, 1813;  received 
a  good  education;  worked  on  his  father's  farm  when 
not  at  school  until  1833;  then  turned  his  attention 
to  mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  followed  until  1861 ; 
was  a  Delegate  in  that  year  to  the  Richmond  Con 
vention,  and  voted  against  the  ordinance  of  secession; 
withdrew  from  the  Convention,  and  afterwards,  with 
eleven  others,  was  expelled;  in  1863,  1864,  and  1865 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  West  Virginia,  hav 
ing  assisted  in  organizing  the  new  State;  in  1866 
withdrew  his  attention  from  public  aifairs,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  the  banking  business;  was  also  a 
Director  of  the  West  Virginia  Hospital  for  the  In 
sane;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Freedmen's  Affairs,  and  Roads  and  Canals; 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on 
several  Committees. 

McGrew,  J.  M.;  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
received  a  good  education  in  that  city;  commenced 
active  life  by  teaching  school;  became  Clerk  of  the 
District  Court  in  Clermont  County  in  1854;  studied 
law,  and  soon  came  to  the  bar,  practicing  the  profes 
sion  four  years;  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the 
Treasury  Department  by  Secretary  Chase;  became 
Chief  Clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Sixth  Auditor;  after  a 
faithful  service  of  twelve  years  as  a  Clerk,  was  ap 
pointed  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  entering  upon 
his  duties  as  such  on  the  1st  of  July,  1875,  and  serv 
ing  until  June,  1881. 

McGuire,  "William ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
the  Territory  of  Mississippi:  in  1798  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  Dis 
trict. 

McHatton,  Robert;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky,  from  1826  to  1829. 

McHenry,  Henry  D.;  was  born  in  Hartford. 
Kentucky,  February  27,  1826;  graduated  at  the 
Transylvania  School  in  1845;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  in  1851  and  1852;  of  the  State  Sen 
ate  in  1861,  1862,  1863,  and  1864;  again  a  member  of 
the  House  in  1865  and  1866;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Pacific  Railroad. 

McHenry,  James;  was  born  about  the  year 
1755;  was  liberally  educated ;  adopted  the  profession 
of  medicine,  but  did  not  practice;  served  in  the  Rev 


olutionary  struggle  asi  an  Aide-de-camp  to  General 
Washington,  and  also  to  General  Lafayette;  was  a 
Delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1783  to  1786;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
that  formed  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  signed 
that  instrument;  was  Secretary  of  War  from  1796  to 
1801,  having  been  appointed  by  Washington,  and 
continued  in  office  by  President  Adams;  but,  as  he 
opposed  the  policy  of  the  Executive,  was  dismissed 
from  the  Cabinet  with  Timothy  Pickering.  The 
Fort  near  Baltimore  was  named  as  a  compliment  to 
him. 

McHenry,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1847. 

McHvaine,  Abraham  R.;  was  born  at  Crum 
Creek,  Delaware,  August  14,  1804;  was  bred  a 
farmer,  in  which  pursuit  he  was  eminently  success 
ful;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1843  to  1849.  Died  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  August,  1863. 

McHvaine,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Bristol,  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1768 ;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Jersey  in 
1791 ;  took  an  interest  in  military  matters,  and  in 
1798  attained  the  rank  of  Captain  in  McPherson's 
Regiment  of  Blues;  in  1800  was  elected  Clerk  of  Bur 
lington  County,  and  held  the  office  twenty-four 
years;  in  1801  was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
Attorney  of  the  United  States  for  New  Jersey,  which 
office  beheld  for  twenty  years;  in  1804  was  appointed 
Aid-de-camp  of  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  with 
the  title  of  Colonel;  in  1818  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  New  Jersey,  but  declined  the 
appointment;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1823  to  1826.  Died  in  Burlington  on 
the  19th  of  August  of  the  latter  year.  He  was  a 
man  of  high  character  and  great  influence. 

Mclndoe,  Walter  D.;  was  born  in  Scotland, 
March  30,  1819;  emigrated  to  New  York  City  in  his 
fifteenth  year;  was  a  clerk  in  a  large  mercantile 
house;  followed  the  same  pursuit  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  and  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  subse 
quently  settled  in  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business;  served  in  the  Wisconsin  Legislature 
in  1850,  1854,  and  1855:  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1856  and  1860;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress  (in  place 
of  Luther  Hanchett,  deceased) ;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Indian  Affairs  and  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions,  and  again  on  that  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Mcliityre,  Rufus ;  was  born  in  York,  County 
of  York,  Maine,  December  19,  1784;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  by  teaching  for  two  or  three 
I  years  acquired  the  means  to  fit  himself  for  college  at 
South  Berwick  Academy,    and  graduated   at   Dart 
mouth  in  1809;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1812;  in  the  meantime  war  was  declared, 
and  he  was  appointed  Captain  of  Militia,   and   re 
mained  in  service  on  the  frontier  until  peace  was  de 
clared,  after  which  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  York;    represented   that  town  in   the 
"  Brunswick  Convention";  after  the  separation  from 
Massachusetts,  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legisla- 
i  ture  at  its  first  session;  was  then  appointed  County 
!  Attorney,  which  office  he  held  until  elected  to  Con- 


334 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


gress  as  a  Representative  from  Maine,  serving  from 
1827  to  18:55;  in  1826  was  a  Commissioner  for  set 
tling  the  Boundary  Line  of  his  State;  in  183(5  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature;  was  appointed  Land 
Agent  for  two  years  in  1839;  was  subsequently 
United  States  Marshal  for  Maine,  and  Surveyor  ot 
the  Port  of  Portland  four  years;  was  connected  with 
two  or  three  academies  as  Overseer,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Bowdoin  College. 
Died  in  Partonsfield,  April  28,  18G6. 

Mclntyre,  Archibald  Thompson;  was  born 
in  Twiggs  County,  Georgia,  October  27.  1822;  edu 
cated  at  the  Thomasville  Academy;  studied  law  at 
Monticello,  Florida,  and  Macon,  Georgia;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1849;  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  Georgia  in  1865, 
and  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress  from 
that  State,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Education 
and  Labor. 

McJunkin,  Ebenezer;  was  born  in  Butler 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  28,  1819;  graduated  at 
Jefferson  College  in  1841;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Na 
tional  Republican  Convention  at  Chicago  in  1860; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-spcond  and  Forty -third  Congresses;  re 
signed  in  1874. 

McKay,  James  J.;  was  born  in  Bladen  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1793;  was  bred  to  the  law;  served 
from  1815  to  1831  in  the  State  Senate;  was  at  one 
time  United  States  District  Attorney;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1831  to  1849,  and  was  for 
a  time  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means;  at  the  "Baltimore  Convention,"  in  1818, 
which  nominated  Lewis  Cass  for  President,  he  re 
ceived  the  vote  of  the  North  Carolina  delegation  as 
Candidate  for  Vice-President.  Died  in  Golds- 
borough,  North  Carolina,  September  14.  1853. 

McKean,  James  Bedell ;  was  born  in  Hoosic, 
Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  Augusts,  1821;  dur 
ing  his  youth  worked  on  his  father's  farm  in  Saratoga 
County,  receiving  his  education  chiefly  from  the  dis 
trict  school  and  academies;  taught  school  for  a  time, 
and  became  a  School  Superintendent  for  the  town 
where  he  lived;  served  one  term  as  a  Professor  in 
Jonesville  Academy;  was  a  Colonel  of  Infantry; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849 ;  in 
1854  was  elected  County  Judge  for  Saratoga  County 
for  four  years;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mitee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department  and 
on  the  Committee  on  Elections,  as  he  had  done  in 
the  previous  Congress;  in  1861  raised  the  Seventy- 
seventh  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers,  and 
commanded  it  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  after 
leaving  Congress  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
Utah;  was  superseded,  in  1875,  by  I.  C.  Parker. 

McKean,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Huntington 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1829;  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States  from  1833  to  1839.  Died 
June  23,  1840,  in  McKean  County.  He  was  a  man 
of  talent  and  influence. 

McKean,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Chester  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  March  19,  1734;  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in 
1762  was  elected  to  the  Delaware  Assembly,  and 
continued  in  that  station  for  eleven  years;  was  a 


Delegate  to  the  New  York  Congress  in  1765;  while 
holding  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  in  Pennsylvania, 
was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776,  and  from  1778  to 
1783;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Delaware;  served  in 
the  army  as  a  Colonel;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  to  form  the  Constitution  of  Delaware,  and  was 
the  author  of  that  instrument:  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Constitution  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1790;  was  Governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1799  to  1808;  he  was  the  only  man  who 
served  through  all  the  sessions  of  the  Continental 
Congress;  was  President  of  that  body  in  1781.  Died 
in  Philadelphia,  June  24,  1817,  leaving  a  high  repu 
tation  for  patriotism  and  ability. 

McKee,  George  C.;  was  born  at  Joliet,  Illinois, 
October  2,  1837;  was  educated  at  Knox  College  and 
Lombard  University;  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was 
elected  Attorney  of  Centralia,  Illinois,  and  practiced 
law;  was  a  private  in  the  Eleventh  Illinois  Infantry; 
on  the  reorganization  for  three  years'  service  was 
elected  Captain  of  his  company;  served  throughout 
the  war  in  various  capacities,  and  was  wounded  at 
Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  and  Vicksburg.  commanding 
a  picked  corps  during  the  siege  of  the  last-mentioned 
place;  when  in  command  of  his  own  regiment  and 
other  detachments  on  the  Yazoo  Expedition,  repulsed 
the  assault  at  Yazoo  City  in  1864,  after  which  he  was 
ordered,  as  Brigadier-General,  to  enroll  and  equip 
four  regiments  of  militia;  at  the  close  of  the  war 
settled  at  Vicksburg,  where  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  was  appointed  Register  in  Bank 
ruptcy  in  1867;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Mississippi;  was  elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  but  the  State  was  refused  admission ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ter 
ritories,  and  Levees,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  former 
in  the  last  named  Congress. 

McKee,  John  ;  was  born  in  Rockbridge  County, 
Virginia;  was,  at  one  time,  a  Government  Agent 
among  the  Choctaw  Indians:  was  a  Commissioner  for 
Settling  the  Boundary  Line  of  Tennessee;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1823 
to  1829. 

McKee,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
i  gress  from  Kentucky  from  1809  to  1817. 

McKee,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Kentucky,  November  4,  1833;  received  a 
common  school  education;  attending  school  in  winter 
and  working  upon  his  father's  farm  the  remaining  of 

!  the  year;  graduated  at  Miami  University,  Ohio,  in 
1857,  and  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1858; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  as  Captain  of  the  Four- 

!  teenth  Kentucky  Cavalry  from  1862  to  1864;  was  a 
prisoner  in  Libby  Prison  for  thirteen  months;  in  1805 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  Expenses  in  the  Interior  Department,  and 
*he  Special  Committee  on  the  Civil  Service;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866. 

McKenna,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  August  10,  1843;  went  to  California, 
with  his  parents,  in  January,  1855,  locating  at  Beni- 
cia;  attended  school  at  Benicia,  and  studied  law  at 
the  Collegiate  Institute,  (now  St.  Augustine's  Col 
lege),  Benicia:  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Suisuu,  Califor- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


335 


nia;  was  District  Attorney  of  Solano  County  for  two 
terms,  commencing  in  March,  1866;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  the  California  Legislature  in  1875  and  1876; 
was  the  unsuccessful  Republican  candidate  for  Con 
gress  in  1876,  and  again  in  1879;  in  1884  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  California  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

McKennan,  Thomas  M.  T.;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department  un 
der  President  Fillmore  for  a  brief  period ;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1831 
to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Reading, 
July  9,  1832. 

McKennan,  William ;  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
M.  T.  McKennan;  was  born  in  Washington.  Penn 
sylvania,  September  27,  1816;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College  in  1833;  studied  law  with  his  father 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1837;  joined  his  father  in  the 
practice  of  law  and  remained  with  him  until  his 
death;  in  1869  was  appointed  Circuit  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Third  Circuit;  his  only  other 
public  position  was  that  of  Commissioner  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Peace  Conference  of  1861. 

McKenney,  Thomas  Lorraine  ;  was  born  at 
Hopewell,  Chestertown,  Maryland,  March  21,  1785; 
received  a  good  education  at  Washington  College  in 
his  native  town ;  was  bred  a  merchant,  which  busi 
ness  he  followed  in  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia; 
in  1816  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Super 
intendent  of  Indian  Affairs;  in  1824  was  appointed 
to  preside  over  the  Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs,  then 
for  the  first  time  organized  in  the  War  Department; 
in  1826  was  a  Special  Commissioner  with  Lewis  Cass 
to  negotiate  an  important  treaty  with  the  Chippewa 
Indians  at  Fond  du  Lac,  in  the  Territory  of  Michi 
gan;  in  1827  published  a  "  Tour  to  the  Lakes,"  with 
illustrations,  and  also  originated  and  published,  in 
connection  with  James  Hall,  a  "  History  of  the  In 
dian  Tribes,"  a  very  excellent  work  in  three  folios, 
illustrated  with  one  hundred  and  twenty  colored  In 
dian  portraits;  also  published,  in  1846,  two  volumes, 
entitled  "  Memoirs,  Official  and  Personal,  with 
Sketches  of  Travel  among  the  Northern  and  South 
ern  Indians";  was  at  one  time  a  Colonel  in  the 
Militia.  Died  at  New  York,  February  20,  1858. 

MoKenty,  Jacob  K.;  wasborninDouglassville, 
Berks  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1827;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1848,  and  at  Yale  Law  School  in  1850; 
settled  in  Reading,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  1851 ;  in  1856  was  elected  District  Attorney 
for  Berks  County;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  J.  Swartz,  deceased.  Died  in 
Douglassville,  Berks  County,  January  3,  1866. 

McKenzie,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Christian 
County,  Kentucky,  August  1,  1840;  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky; 
read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  became  a 
farmer;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
from  1867  to  1871;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses; 
declined  a  re-nomination. 

McKenzie,  Lewis ;  was  born  in  Alexandria,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1810;  received  a  common  school  education; 
served  three  terms  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  Mayor 
of  Alexandria  during  the  first  year  of  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion;  President  of  the  Alexandria,  London,  and 
Hampshire  Railroad,  and  of  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Alexandria;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  several  Committees. 


McKeon,  John ;  was  born  at  Albany,  New  York, 
in  1804;  received  a  classical  education,  graduating 
from  Columbia  College;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  New  York  City  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1832,  1833,  and  1834;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty -fourth  Con 
gress;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Congress;  was  again  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Twenty -seventh  Congress,  and  was  a  second  time 
defeated  for  that  office  in  1842;  in  1846  became  Dis 
trict  Attorney,  and  served  two  terms;  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  became  emi 
nent;  in  1853  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York,  and 
was  re-appointed  in  1857;  in  1881  was  again  elected 
District  Attorney  in  New  York  City.  Died  at  his 
home,  in  that  city,  November  22,  1883. 

McKibbin,  Joseph  O.;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  having  taken  up  his  residence  in  California,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Lands  and  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

McKim,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  1748;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1809  to 
1815.  Died  at  Baltimore,  January  18,  1832. 

McKim,  Isaac;  was  a  much  respected  and 
wealthy  merchant  of  Baltimore;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1823  to  1825,  and 
again  from  1835  to  1838.  Died  in  Washington,  April 
1,  1838. 

McKinley,  John  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Kentucky,  thence  to  Alabama;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from  1826  to  1837;  in 
1837  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States.  Died  in  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
July  19,  1852. 

McKinley,  "William  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1810  to  1811. 

McKinley,  William,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Xiles. 
Ohio,  February  26,  1844;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain  and 
Brevet  Major;  was  Prosecuting- Attorney  of  Stark 
County,  Ohio,  from  1869  to  1871;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth, 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

McKinney,  John  P.;  was  born  nearPiqua,  Ohio 
April  12,  1827,  spent  his  boyhood  chiefly  on  a  farm; 
received  an  academic  education,  and  spent  one  year 
at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Unfinished  Business  and  on  the 
Militia;  was  again  elected,  to  the  Forty-second  Con 
gress,  serving  on  several  Committees. 

McKissock,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Ulster  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1798;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion;  was  bred  first  to  the  medical  and  afterwards  to 
the  legal  profession;  was,  under  the  old  organization, 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1851. 

MoKnigvht,  Robert;  was  born  in  "Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege,  in  1839;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842;  from  1847  to  1849,  both  inclusive,  was  a 
member  of  the  City  Council  of  Pittsburgh,  and,  the 
last  two  years,  President  of  that  body ;  was  elected  a 


336 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  theThirty-sixtl 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affair 
and  on  Public  Buildings. 

McLane,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  1767;  was  a  sol 
dier  of  the  Revolution ;  settled  in  Ohio  in  1790;  was  fo 
twenty-one  years  Secretary  of  State  of  Ohio ;  was  f 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  183c 
to  1837.  Died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  March  19 
1837. 

McLane ,  Louis ;  was  born  in  Smyrna,  Kem 
County,  Delaware.  May  28,  1784;  when  twelve  yean 
of  age  was  appointed  a  midshipman  in  the  navy,  on 
leaving  which,  in  1801,  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1807;  in  1812  was  a  volunteer  in 
a  company  commanded  by  Caesar  H.  Rodney,  and 
marched  to  the  relief  of  Baltimore  when  threatened 
by  the  British;  was  a  Representative  in  Congresi 
from  Delaware  from  1817  to  1827;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1827  to  1829;  in  1829  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Minister  to  England,  where  he 
remained  two  years;  in  1831  received  the  appoint 
ment  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  in  1833,  that  of 
Secretary  of  State,  under  President  Jackson;  in  June, 
1834.  retired  from  political  life;  in  1837  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Com 
pany,  and,  removing  to  Maryland,  discharged  the 
duties  of  that  office  until  1847;  during  the  adminis 
tration  of  President  Polk  accepted  the  mission  to 
England  while  the  Oregon  negotiations  were  pending; 
after  which  he  returned  to  Maryland,  and.  in  1850, 
represented  Cecil  County  in  the  "  State  Constitutional 
Convention";  held  a  high  rank  as  a  statesman. 
Died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1857. 

McLane,  Robert  M.;  was  born  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  June  23,  1815;  was  educated  at  Washington 
College,  District  of  Columbia,  and  St.  Mary's  Col 
lege,  Baltimore;  went  to  Europe  with  his  father, 
Louis  McLane,  in  1829,  and  on  his  return  entered  the 
West  Point  Academy,  which  he  left  in  1837;  served 
as  an  army  officer  in  Florida,  the  Cherokee  country 
and  in  the  Northwest;  in  1843  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Baltimore;  in  1845  and  1846  was  elected  to 
the  Maryland  Legislature;  from  1847  to  1851  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland;  in  1852 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1853  was  appointed 
by  President  Pierce,  Minister  to  China;  on  his  return 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Baltimore: 
in  March,  1859,  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchan 
an,  Minister  to  Mexico;  resigned  in  November.  I860- 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven 
tions  of  1850  and  1876;  in  the  latter  year  was  elected 
a  State  Senator;  was  again  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  in  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  declined  a  re-nomination;  in  1883  was  elected 
Governor  of  Maryland;  in  March,  188r>.  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United  States  Minister 
to  France. 

McLean,  Alney ;  was  bom  in  Burke  County 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again  from 
1819  to  1821. 

McLean,  Finis  E.;  was  born  in  Kentucky-  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1851. 

McLean,  Jamea  H.;  was  born  in  Scotland  Au 
gust  13,  1829;  was  reared  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  re 
moved  to  the  United  States  in  1842:  graduated  as  a 
physician  and  surgeon  and  practiced  his  profession  at 


St.  Louis,  Missouri;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-seventli  Congress  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Thomas  Allen. 

McLean,  John ;  was  born   in   Morris   County, 
New  Jersey,  in  1785;  four  years  after  his  birth  his 
father  emigrated  with  his  family  to  Virginia,  whence 
he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and   finally  settled  in  the 
State  of  Ohio;  here  the  son  received  a  limited  educa 
tion;  and,  having  determined  to  pursue   the  legal 
profession,  engaged  at  the  age  of  eighteen  to  write  in 
the  Clerk's  office  at  Cincinnati,  in  order  to  maintain 
himself,  by  devoting  a  portion  of  his  time  to  that 
labor  while  engaged  in  his  studies;  in  1807  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  at  Lebanon,  Ohio;  in  1812  became  a  candidate  to 
represent  his  district  in  Congress,  and  was  elected  by 
a  large  majority;  professed  the  political  principles  of 
the  Democratic  party,  being  an  ardent  supporter  of 
the  war  and  of  President  Madison's  administration; 
in  1814  was  again  elected  to  Congress  by  a  unanimous 
vote — a  circumstance  of   rare  occurrence — and    re 
mained  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
until   1816,   when,  the   Legislature  of  Ohio  having 
elected  him  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  he  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  at  the  close  of 
the  session;  remained  six  years  upon  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  Ohio;  in  1822  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  the  General  Land  Office,  by  President  Monroe;  in 
1823  became  Postmaster-General;    in   1829  was  ap 
pointed,    by    President    Jackson,    a   Justice  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court,  after  he  had  declined 
the  Secretaryships  of  War  and  Navy;  entered  upon 
the  discharge  of  his  judicial  duties  at  the  January 
term  of  1830.     Died  at  Cincinnati,  April  4,  1861. 

McLean,  John ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1791;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Logan  County, 
Kentucky,  in  1795;  received  a  limited  education'- 
studied  law;  in  1815  removed  to  Shawneetown,  Illi 
nois,  to  practice;  in  1818  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  Congress  from  Illinois  and  served  one  term; 
was  several  times  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature' 
and  frequently  Speaker  of  the  House;  from  1824  to 
1825  was  United  States  Senator,  to  fill  a  vacancy; 
was  again  elected  in  1829  for  the  term  endino-  in 
1835.  Died  October  4,  1830,  in  Illinois. 

McLean,  Samuel;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
he  Territory  of  Montana  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
fess,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

McLean,  "William;  was  a  native  of  Morris 
,'ounty.  New  Jersey:  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
jrc-ss  irorn  Ohio  from  1823  to  1829;  when  in  Congress 
was  mainly  instrumental  in  procuring  an  appropria 
tion  of  half  a  million  acres  of  laud  for  the  extension 
)f  the  Ohio  Canal  from  Cincinnati  to  Cleveland ; 
•\fter  his  service  in  Congress  was  engaged  in  business 
n  Cincinnati.  Died  there  October  12,  1839. 

McLean,  William  P.;  was  born  in  Hinds  Coun- 
;y,  Mississippi,  August  9,  1836;  removed  to  Texas  in 
);  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
n  1857;  studied  law  there;  was  elected  to  the  Le<nS- 
ature  of  Texas  in  1861;  resigned  to  enter  the  Con- 
ederate  Army,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  ol 
ihe  war;  was  again  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 

09;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  serv- 
ng  on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Public 
>uildmgs. 

McLellan,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was 
ppomted  from  Massachusetts  to  a  clerkship  in  the 
general  Post  Office;  in  1861  was  appointed  Second 
Assistant  Postmaster-General,  remaining  in  office 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


337 


McMahon,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Frederick 
County,  Maryland,  February  19,  1833;  was  educated 
at  St.  Xavier's  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  graduated 
in  1849;  studied  law  with  C.  L.  Vallandigham;  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1854;  entered  into  partner 
ship  with  Mr.  Vallandigham  the  same  year,  and  con 
tinued  in  his  office  until  1868;  was  a  Delegate-at- 
Large  from  Ohio  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of 
1872;  held  no  official  position  until  elected  a  Repre- 
senative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses. 

McMahon,  Martin  P.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York;  in  1868  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Paraguay,  where  he  remained  only  about  one  year. 

McManus,  "William ;  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1825  to  1827. 

McMartin,  J.  L.;  was  a  citizen  of  North  Caro 
lina;  in  1848  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the 
Papal  States.  Died  at  his  post,  August  26,  1848. 

McMichael,  "William ;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  received  a  good  education,  and  studied  law;  in 
1871  was  appointed  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,  holding  the  position  until  1873. 

McMillan,  G-arrett;  was  a  resident  of  Georgia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress.  Died  before  the  assembling 
of  that  Congress. 

McMillan,  Samuel  J.  B.;  was  born  at  Browns 
ville,  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  22, 
1826;  removed,  in  early  infancy,  to  Pittsburgh;  grad 
uated  at  Duquesne  College,  Pittsburgh,  in  1846;  was 
admitted  to  the  Pittsburgh  bar  in  1849;  removed  to 
Minnesota  Territory  in  1852:  elected  Judge  of  the 
First  Judicial  District  of  the  State  of  Minnesota  in 
1857,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  that  position  on 
the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union  by  Congress 
in  1858;  in  1864  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in 
1864  was  elected  to  the  same  position  for  a  full  term, 
at  the  expiration  of  which  he  was  re-elected  for  an 
other  term;  resigned  in  1874;  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
was  re-elected  for  a  full  term,  but  resigned  to  take  a 
seat  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  for  the  term 
ending  in  1881;  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  of 
six  years. 

McMillin,  Benton ;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Kentucky,  September  11.  1845;  received  a  collegiate 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Celina.  Tennessee,  in  1871;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  1874;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  was 
appointed  a  Special  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  in 
1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to 
the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

McMin,  Joseph  ;  was  Governor  of  Tennessee 
from  1815  to  1821.  Died  at  the  Cherokee  Agency, 
November  17,  1824. 

McMullen,  Fayette ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1855;  in  May,  1857,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Wash 
ington;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention 
of  1868. 

-      22 


McNair,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  of  Infantry  in  1799;  dis 
banded  in  1800;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Missouri 
Territory;  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General  in  1812; 
Colonel  of  Missouri  Militia  in  the  United  States  ser 
vice  in  1813;  held  also  an  important  office  in  the  In 
dian  Department;  was  Governor  of  Missouri  from 
1820  to  1824.  Died  May,  1826. 

McNair,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1800;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1851  to  1855.  Died  at  Evansport,  Prince 
William  County,  Virginia,  in  August,  1861. 

McNairy,  John ;  was  born  in  1762;  studied,  and 
practiced,  law;  was,  about  the  year  1792,  appointed 
Circuit  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of 
Tennessee,  which  office  he  filled  with  credit  to  him 
self  and  advantage  to  the  Government  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Nashville,  November  12, 
1837. 

McNeely,  Thompson  W.;  was  born  in  Jack 
sonville,  Illinois,  October  5,  1835;  graduated  at  Lom 
bard  University,  and  afterwards  at  the  Law  Depart 
ment  of  the  Louisville  University;  was  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  Constitutional  Convention  of  1862;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- 
first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  and  Education 
and  Labor. 

McNiel,  Archibald  ;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  North  Carolina;  entered  the  House  of  Com 
mons  in  1808;  was  re-elected  in  1809;  served  in  the 
State  Senate  in  1811  and  1815;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1821  to  1823, 
and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 

McNulta,  John ;  was  born  in  New  York  City 
November  9,  1837;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  served  in  the  army  from  1861  to  1865, 
as  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  from  1869  to  1873; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

McNulty,  Caleb  J.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  in  1843 
was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  remained  in  the  position  until  1845. 

McNutt,  Alexander  G-.;  was  born  in  Rock- 
bridge  County,  Virginia,  in  1801;  graduated  at 
Washington  College,  Virginia;  in  1824  removed  to 
Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  subsequently  to  Vicksburg, 
where  he  practiced  law;  in  1835  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  from  Warren  County ;  was  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1837  to  1841.  Died  in  De  Soto  Coun 
ty,  Mississippi,  October  22,  1848. 

McPherson,  Ed-ward  ;  was  born  at  Gettys 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  July  31,  1830;  graduated  at 
Pennsylvania  College  in  1848;  studied  law  for  a  time, 
but  abandoned  it  for  the  profession  of  journalism,  in 
which  he  engaged,  at  different  periods,  in  Harris- 
burg,  Lancaster,  Pittsburgh,  and  Philadelphia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress;  from  1860  to  1864  was  a  member  of 
the  Republican  National  Committee;  in  1861  raised 
a  company  of  troops  and  served  with  it  until  called 
to  take  his  seat  in  Congress;  during  the  recess  in 
1860  and  1862  served  as  a  volunteer  Aid  on  the  staffs 
of  Generals  George  A.  McCall  and  John  F.  Reynolds, 
respectively;  was  defeated  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress  in  a  new  District:  in  April, 
1863,  was  appointed  Deputy  Commissioner  of  Intern- 


338 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


al  Re  venue;  resigned  in  December  of  that  year  to 
assume  the  duties  ol'  Clerk  of  the  National  House  of 
Representatives,  to  which  position  he  had  been 
elected;  served  throughout  the  Thirty-eighth.  Thirty- 
ninth,  Fortieth.  Forty  -first,  Forty  -  second,  and 
Forty-third  Congresses;  was  then  retired  by  a  change 
in  the  political  domination  of  the  House;  in  1864 
published  uThe  Political  History  of  the  United 
States  During  the  Great  Rebellion";  in  1870  "The 
Political  History  of  the  United  States  During  the 
Period  of  Reconstruction,"  and  bi-ennially  there 
after  published  political  Hand-Books;  also,  at  inter 
vals,  issued  numerous  essays,  orations  and  pamphlets ; 
in  1876  was  the  Permanent  President  of  the  Republi 
can  National  Convention;  in  1877  was  appointed 
Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing,  in 
the  United  States  Twasury;  resigned  in  1878;  in 
1880  was  Secretary  of  the  Republican  Congressional 
Committee;  in  December,  1881.  was  again  elected 
Clerk  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives,  and 
served  throughout  the  Forty -seventh  Congress,  mak 
ing  fourteen  years  service  in  that  position,  longer 
than  any  previous  incumbent. 

McPherson,  John  R.;  was  born  at  York,  New 
York,  May  9,  1833;  received  an  academic  education; 
removed  to  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey,  in  1859;  en 
gaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising:  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  from  1864  to  1870,  serving  as 
.President  of  the  Board  for  three  years;  was  President 
of  the  People's  Gas-Light  Company  in  1868  and  1869; 
was  a  State  Senator  from  1871  to  1873;  in  1873  was 
elected  President  of  the  Central  Stock- Yard  and 
Transit  Company,  and  continued  in  that  position; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876:  was  elected  a 
.Senator  of  the  United  States  from  New  Jersey  for  the 
term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1877.  and  was  re 
flected  in  1883. 

:  McQueen,  John ;  was  born  in  Robinson  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1808;  claimed  descent,  in  a  direct 
line,  from  the  heroic  Robert  Bruce  of  Scotland,  and 
his  father,  James  McQueen,  was  a  nephew  of  the 
celebrated  Flora  McDonald;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  under  the  guidance  of  an  elder  brother.  Rev.  A. 
McQueen,  who  was  a  graduate  of  Chapel  Hill  Uni 
versity,  North  Carolina;  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  his  native  State,  and  completed  his  course  of  study 
in  South  Carolina,  to  which  State  he  removed  at  an 
early  day;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828,  and, 
having  settled  in  Marlborough  District,  there  com 
menced,  and  ever  after,  as  his  public  calls  permitted, 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  success; 
during  the  Nullification  times  of  1833  was  elected 
a  Colonel  of  the  State  Militia;  in  1834  a  Brigadier- 
jeueral,  and  in  1835  a  Major-General,  which  last 
position  he  held  for  ten  years,  and  then  resigned;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1849,  and 
was  a  member  down  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  leading  Committees:  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress;  withdrew  in  December, 
1860,  and  joined  the  Rebellion.  Died  at  Society 
Hill,  South  Carolina,  September  13,  1867. 

McQueen,  Mclntpsh ;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  Florida;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  Florida. 

McRae,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Mississippi;  received  a  good  education;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  elected,  frequently,  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  during  two  sessions  officiated 
as  Speaker;  was  also  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
was,  in  1851,  by  appointment,  for  a  short  time  in  the 
United  States  Senate;  was  Governor  of  Mississippi 
from  1854  to  1858;  was  elected  to  the  second  session 


of  the  Thirty -fifth  Congress  from  Mississippi,  as  suc 
cessor  to  General  Quitman;    was  re-elected  to    the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  or 
Military  Affairs;  joined  the  great  Rebellion  in  1861 
Died  at  Belize,  British  Honduras,  May  30,  1668. 

McRae,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  at  Mount  Holly, 
Union  County,  Arkansas,  December  21,  1851;  was 
educated  at  private  schools  in  Shady  Grove,  Mount 
Holly,  and  Falcon,  Arkansas;  received  a  full  course 
of  instruction  at  Soule  Business  College,  New  Or 
leans;  studied  law  at  the  Washington  and  Lee  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Rosston,  Nevada 
County,  Arkansas,  in  January,  1873;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  of  Arkansas  in 
1877;  in  that  year  moved  from  Rosston  to  Prescott, 
in  the  same  county,  where  lie  continued  to  practice 
his  profession ;  was  a  member  of  the  Town  Council  of 
Prescott  in  1879;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Convention  in 
1884;  was  a  Delegate  from  Arkansas  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  the  same  year;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
election  of  Hon.  J.  K.  Jones  to  the  United  States 
Senate. 

McReady,  James;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1819  to  1821. 

McRoberts,  Samuel;  was  a  native  of  Illinois; 
was  educated  at  Transylvania  University;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  held  the  office  of  Judge  of  one 
of  the  higher  Courts;  was  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Senate,  and  held  the  position  of  District  Attorney  for 
the  United  States  in  Illinois ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Illinois,  from  1841  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  27,  1843,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
aged  about  forty  years. 

McRuer,  Donald  C.;  was  born  in  Maine  in 
1826;  educated  at  the  public  schools  and  academies; 
adopted  the  mercantile  profession ;  having  emigrated 
to  California,  filled  the  office  of  Harbor  Commissioner 
for  that  State;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  California  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands,  and  the  Post 
Office  and  Post  Roads. 

McSherry,  James;  was  a  native  of  Adams 
County,  Pennsylvania;  served  twenty  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State:  was  a  Delegate  to  reform 
the  Constitution  of  the  same;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to  1823. 
Died  at  Littlestown,  Pennsylvania,  February  3,  1849. 

McVeagh,  "Wayne ;  was  born  at  Phoenixville, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1833;  attended  school  in  Pottstown, 
Pennsylvania;  then  went  to  Yale  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1853;  studied  law  at  West  Chester, 
Pennsylvania;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law,  in  which  he  was  successful ; 
in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Major  of  Cav 
alry;  was  compelled,  by  ill-health,  to  resign;  took 
an  active  part  in  politics;  in  1868  was  Chairman  of 
the  Republican  State  Central  Committee  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1877  was  appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Turkey;  was  the  Attorney  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company;  in  March,  1881,  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States  in  the  Cabinet 
of  President  Garfield;  resigned  in  December  of  the 
same  year,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

McVean,  Charles;  was  born  at  Johnstown, 
New  York,  in  1802;  was  bred  to  the  law,  which  he 
practiced  with  success  in  Montgomery  County,  until 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


339 


he  removed  to  New  York;  held  the  office  of  Surro 
gate;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1833  to  1835;  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  District 
Attorney  for  Southern  New  York.  Died  in  New  York 
City,  December  20,  1848. 

McWillie,  William  ;  was  born  in  Kershaw  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  November  17.  1795;  graduated 
at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1817;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law ;  came  to  the  bar  in  1818:  was 
an  Adjutant  of  Militia:  was  a  Representative  and 
Senator  in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina;  re 
moved  to  Mississippi  in  1845;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849  to 
1851;  was  also  President  of  a  bank  for  several  years"; 
was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1858;  during  the 
Rebellion  was  active  as  a  Confederate.  Died  in 
Kirkwood,  March  3,  1869. 

Meacham.  James ;  was  born  in  Rutland,  Ver 
mont,  in  1810;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in 
1832;  was  tutor  there;  studied  theology:  settled  in 
New  Haven,  Vermont;  was  called  from  his  parish  to 
the  Professorship  of  Elocution  and  English  Litera 
ture  in  Middlebury  College;  in  1849  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  and  twice  re-elected.  At 
the  time  of  his  death,  August  22,  1856.  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  and  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution. 

Mead,  Cowles  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia,  in  1805.  but  his  election  was 
successfully  contested  by  Thomas  Spalding;  in  180(i 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Secretary  of 
Mississippi  Territory. 

Meade,  Edwin  R.;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Che- 
nango  County,  New  York,  July  6,  1836:  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1858,  and  settled  in  New  York  City;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

Meade,  Richard  K.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1847  to  1853;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  in  1853,  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Sardinia: 
in  1857  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Min 
ister  to  Braxil.  which  mission  he  held  until  1861. 
Died  in  April,  1862. 

Means,  John  H. ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1850  to  1852; 
was  Colonel  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was  killed  at 
;he  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  August  28,  1862;  in 
-  line  records  he  is  mentioned  by  the  name  of  Isaac. 

Mebane,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Hawfield. 
Orange  County,  North  Carolina,  November  2(3,  1747, 
and  died  July  5,  1795;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  that  met  in  1776  to  form  the  State  Constitution; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature;  was  in 
( 'ongress  from  North  Carolina  during  the  years  1793 
;md  1794:  he  was  distinguished  for  his  sense,  integ- 
rity,  and  lirmness. 

Medary,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  February  25,  1801;  had  a 
limited  education,  and  became  a  printer;  was  for 
many  years  editor  of  the  Ohio  Statesman;  established 
the  Columbus  Crisis,  which  he  conducted  until  his 
death;  was  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Minnesota 
in  1857  and  1858;  Governor  of  Kansas  in  1859  and 
1860:  was  a  "Peace  Democrat"  during  the  Rebell 
ion.  Died  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  November  7,  1864. 


Medill,  "William  ;  was  born  in  New  Castle  Coun 
ty,  Delaware;  received  an  academic  education ;  studied 
law,  and,  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  that  State  in  1832;  was  soon  after  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  serving  a  number  of  years, 
and  was  twice  elected  Speaker:  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to 
1843;  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk,  First  As 
sistant  Postmaster-General;  subsequently  held  the 
office  of  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs;  in  1850  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  called  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution,  and  was  chosen  Chairman;  in  1851  and 

1852  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio;  in 

1853  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio:   was  appointed, 
by   President  Buchanan,    First  Comptroller  of  the 
United  States  Treasury.     Died  at  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  2,  1865. 

Meech,  Ezra;  was  born  in  New  London,  Con 
necticut,  July  26.  1773;  was  associated  in  early  life 
with  John  Jacob  Astor  in  the  fur  trade;  in  1806  be 
came  agent  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Company;  in  1809 
was  agent  for  supplying  the  British  Government  with 
spars  and  timber:  settled  in  Vermont;  in  1822  and 
1823  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  Chittenden  County; 
was  a  member  of  the  "Constitutional  Conventions" 
of  1822  and  1826:  in  1*05  and  1807  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again 
from  1825  to  1827;  in  1841  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
during  the  latter  years  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  ag 
ricultural  pursuits,  and  owned  one  farm,  kept  in  a 
high  state  of  cultivation,  which  contained  three 
thousand  acres,  and  upon  which  he  maintained  a 
flock  of  three  thousand  sheep  and  a  herd  of  eight 
hundred  oxen.  Died  at  Shelburne,  Vermont,  Sep 
tember  23,  1856. 

Meehan,  John  S  ;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1793;  received  a  good  education;  settled  in  Wash 
ington  City  at  an  early  day;  was  Librarian  of  Con 
gress  from  1829  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  1861.  He  had  an  extensive  knowledge  of 
books,  and  was  popular  in  his  official  position. 

Meeker,  Benjamin  B.;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  the  Territory  of  Minnesota;  in  1850  was  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  District. 

Meigs,  Henry;  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  October  28,  1782;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1798:  was  educated  a  lawyer;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  City  from 
1819  to  1821;  for  many  years  was  an  active  officer, 
Recording  Secretary,  and  Trustee  of  the  American 
Institute  in  New  York;  it  was  said  of  him  as  some 
thing  remarkable,  that  he  never  wore  an  overcoat, 
|  never  had  a  sore  throat  or  headache,  and,  when  seventy 
years  of  age,  did  not  use  glasses.  Died  in  New  York. 
May  20,  1861. 

Meigs,  Josiah ;  was  the  second  man  appointed 
to  be  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  in 
Washington,  having  been  appointed  in  1814,  and  re 
maining  in  office  until  1822. 

Meigs,  Return  J.;  was  a  native  of  Middletown, 
Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1785;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  removed  to  Ohio ;  became  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  1808  to  1810;  was  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1810  to  1814;  was  appointed  Post 
master-General  of  the  United  States  in  1814,  and  held 
the  office  nine  years.  Died  at  Marietta,  March  29, 
1825. 


340 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Mellen,  Prentiss ;  was  born  in  Sterling,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  11,  1764;  graduated  at  Cambridge 
in  1784;  studied  law,  and  settled  at  Bridge  water;  in 
1792  became  a  citizen  of  Biddeford,  Maine,  and  in 
1806  settled  at  Portland;  in  1817  was  chosen  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1817;  on  the  separation  of  Maine,  in  1820, 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  was  elected  the 
'first  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine; 
occupied  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer  and  jurist;  in 
1834,  after  becoming  disqualified  by  age  to  serve  as 
judge,  resumed  the  practice  of  law ;  his  decisions  may 
be  found  in  the  first  eleven  volumes  of  the  Maine  Re 
ports;  was  also  a  Trustee  of  Bowdoin  College  from 
1817  to  1836,  and  in  1828  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  that  institution.  Died  at  Portland,  De 
cember  31,  1840. 

Mellish,  David  B, ;  was  born  in  Oxford,  Massa 
chusetts,  January  2,  1831;  received  a  good  English 
education ;  worked  in  a  printing-office  for  a  time,  and 
then  taught  a  school;  served  two  years  as  a  proof 
reader  in  the  office  of  the  New  York  Tribune;  was  for 
several  years  a  stenographer  for  the  civil  authorities, 
and  also  wrote  for  the  newspapers;  in  1871  was  ap 
pointed  an  Assistant  Appraiser  in  the  Custom  House; 
in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions.  Having  been  taken  suddenly  ill,  died  at 
the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  May  23, 
1874. 

Menifee,  Richard  H. ;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  at 
Frankfort,  February  21,  1841. 

Menzies,  John  "W.;  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Kentucky,  April  12,  1819;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Virginia  in  1840;  studied  law  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1841,  establishing  himself  in  Covington,  Ken 
tucky,  where  he  practiced  his  profession;  in  1848  and 
1855  was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Ken 
tucky;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Elections  and  Unfinished  Busi 
ness;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  ''Chicago  Convention" 
of  1864. 

Mercer,  Charles  Fenton ;  was  born  in  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Virginia,  June  6,  1778;  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1797;  in  1798.  while  a  student  of  law, 
tendered  his  services  to  General  Washington  for  the 
defense  of  the  country  against  a  threatened  invasion 
by  the  French,  and  received  from  him  a  commission 
as  first  Lieutenant  of  Cavalry;  soon  after  that  of 
Captain,  which  he  declined,  not  intending  to  devote 
his  life  to  the  military  profession;  in  1803,  after 
spending  a  year  in  Europe,  returned  and  practiced 
law;  from  1810  to  1817  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Virginia;  in  1811  was  again  called  to 
military  duty  by  the  General  Government;  in  1813 
was  appointed  Aid  to  the  Governor,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General  of  Militia,  having  com 
mand  of  the  forces  at  Norfolk;  in  1816,  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Finance,  in  the  Legislature, 
devoted  his  time  to  the  promotion  of  internal  im 
provements;  was  chief  supporter  of  the  measure  for 
the  construction  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal, 
and  was  appointed  President  of  the  Canal  Company ; 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1817  to  1840;  in 
1853  visited  Europe  from  philanthropic  motives,  at 
his  own  expense,  and  used  his  efforts  for  the  entire 
abolition  of  the  African  slave-trade,  conferring  with 
the  chief  executive  officers  of  most  of  the  kingdoms 
of  Europe  on  the  subject.  Died  at  Howard,  near 
Alexandria.  Virginia,  May  4.  1858. 


Mercer,  James ;  was  born  in  Hampshire  Coun 
ty,  Virginia;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege  in  1767;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Bur 
gesses;  a  member  of  all  the  Virginia  Conventions, 
and  of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  in  1779  and  1780;  a  Judge 
of  Admiralty,  and  of  the  First  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Virginia.  Died  in  1793,  aged  about  fifty  years. 

Mercer,  John  F.;  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu 
tion;  was  a  member  of  the  old  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1782  to  1785;  was  a  member,  from  Mary 
land,  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Federal 
Constitution,  but  did  not  sign  that  instrument;  a 
Representative  in  the  new  Congress  from  1792  to 
1794;  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1801  to  1803;  also 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State.  Died  at 
Philadelphia,  August  30,  1821.  in  the  sixty -fourth 
year  of  his  age. 

Mercur,  Ulysses ;  was  born  in  Towanda, 
Bradford  County.  Pennsylvania,  August  12,  1838; 
graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  1842;  studied  law 
while  in  college,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1843;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in  March,  1861,  was 
appointed  President  Judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial 
District  of  Pennsylvania,  and  elected  to  the  office  in 
October  following  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  but  re 
signed  on  being  elected,  in  1864,  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia  and  Southern  Railroads;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Claims,  Judiciary,  and  Mileage. 

Meredith,  Samuel ;  was  bom  in  Philadelphia 
in  1750;  was  among  the  first  to  espouse  the  cause  of 
the  Revolution,  in  which  he  served  and  suffered,  and 
acquitted  himself  with  credit  at  the  battles  of  Tren 
ton  and  Princeton;  was  one  of  those  who  enjoyed  the 
confidence  and  friendship  of  Washington;  served  for 
a  time  in  the  Colonial  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Delegate  from  that  State  to  the  Continental 
Congress  in  1787  and  1788;  on  the  organization  of  the 
Federal  Government  was  appointed,  by  President 
Washington,  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  office  he  continued  until  1801,  when  he  re 
signed.  Died  at  Belmont,  his  seat  in  Wayne  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1817.  He  and  his  brother-in-law, 
George  Clymer,  gave  £10,000  in  silver  to  carry  on  the 


Meredith,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  June  6,  1799;  received  a  liberal 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1837;  was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  from  1849  to 
1850;  Attorney-General  of  Pennsylvania  from  1861  to 
1867 ;  President  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1872.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  which  had 
always  been  his  residence,  August  17,  1872. 

Meriwether,  David ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1755;  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Revolutionary  Army; 
served  in  New  Jersey;  was  taken  prisoner  at  the 
siege  of  Savannah ;  in  1785,  settled  in  Wilkes  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  which  he  represented  in  the  Legislature 
for  several  terms;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1802  to  1807;  was  a  warm 
supporter  of  Jefferson,  who  appointed  him  a  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek  Indians.  He  also, 
with  General  Jackson  and  Governor  McMin  of  Ten 
nessee,  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Cherokees  by 
which  a  large  Territory  west  of  the  Appalachee  River 
was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  Died  near  Athens, 
Georgia,  in  November,  1822. 


BIOGRAPHICAL      ANNALS. 


341 


Meriwether,  David  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky,  by  appointment,  for  one  session,  in 
1852;  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  May  6, 
1853,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Meriwether,  I.  A.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Meriwether,  Jamea;  was  born  in  Wilkes 
County.  Georgia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia,  from  1825  to  1827. 

Merriam,  Clinton  L.;  was  born  in  Leyden, 
New  York,  March  25,  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  engaged  in  banking  and  mercantile  pur 
suits;  removed  to  New  York  City  in  1847,  where  he 
conducted  an  importing  and  jobbing  business;  in 
1860  established  a  banking  and  stock-commission 
house,  from  which  he  retired  in  1864;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency. 

Merrick,  William  D.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
filled  several  prominent  positions  in  that  State; 
served  in  the  United  States  Senate  from  1838  to 
1845.  Died  in  Washington.  District  of  Columbia, 
February  5,  1857,  at  an  advanced  age.  Was  the 
author  of  the  cheap  postage  scheme  in  Congress,  and 
j»  man  of  influence;  was  the  father  of  William  M. 
Merrick. 

Merrick,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Charles 
County,  Maryland.  September  1,  1818;  received  a 
liberal  education ;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  Baltimore  in  1839;  settled  in  Frederick  in  1844; 
was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney-General  for  that 
county  in  1845,  serving  five  years;  removed  to  Wash 
ington  City  in  1854,  and  was  appointed  Associate 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia ;  when  this  court  was  abolished,  in 
1863.  he  retired  to  Maryland  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  in  1866  and  1867  was  Senior  Professor  of 
Law  in  Columbian  College;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  was  elected 
to  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1870;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  after  which 
time  he  resided  in  Howard  County,  practicing  his 
profession  in  Baltimore;  on  May  1,  1885,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Merrill,  Ayres  P.;  was  a  resident  of  Mississippi ; 
in  1876  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to 
Belgium. 

Merrill,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Turner, 
Maine,  June  26,  1837;  received  an  academic  and 
collegiate  education,  graduating  from  Bowdoin  Col 
lege,  Maine,  in  1859;  during  college  vacations  studied 
law;  iu  1859  went  to  Evansville,  Indiana,  where  he 
continued  the  study  of  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1861 ;  soon  afterwards  entered  the  Union  Army, 
and  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  of  Company 
F,  Sixtieth  Regiment  of  Indiana  Volunteers;  was 
promoted  to  the  Captaincy  of  his  Company,  and  sub 
sequently  to  Major  of  his  Regiment;  was  taken  pris 
oner  at  Mumfordsville;  after  leaving  the  army  re 
moved  to  Nevada,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  was  District  Attorney  for  about  twelve 
years;  in  1880  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  at  the  session  of  1881  was 
elected  Speaker;  in  1883  was  appointed  Land  At 
torney  of  the  State,  with  headquarters  at  Washing 
ton,  District  of  Columbia;  in  1885  was  appointed 
Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  to  the  Haw 
aiian  Islands. 


Merrill,  OrsamusC.;  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1776;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ver 
mont  from  1817  to  1820,  when  his  seat  was  success 
fully  contested  by  R.  C.  Mallory:  also  held  the  posi 
tions  of  County  Attorney  for  two  years,  State  Coun 
cilor  for  four  years,  State  Senator  for  one  year,  Reg 
ister  of  Probate  for  two  years,  and  Judge  of  Probate 
for  six  years;  died  at  Bennington,  April  11,  1865. 

Merrill,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Turner,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  August  7,  1822;  received  a  common- 
school  education ;  in  1847  began  the  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  New  Hampshire;  in  1854  and  1855  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  went  to  Iowa  in  1856;  in 
1860  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  in 
1862  entered  the  Volunteer  Army  and  was  commis 
sioned  a  Colonel ;  was  wounded  seriously  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Black  River  Bridge  and  thus  compelled  to 
close  his  military  career:  was  subsequently  elected 
Governor  of  Iowa,  serving  in  that  capacity  from  1868 
to  1872,  taking  a  special  interest  in  the  internal  im 
provements  of  the  Northwestern  States,  and  accom 
plishing  much  good  for  his  adopted  State. 

Merriman,  Truman  Adams  ;  was  born  in  Au 
burn,  New  York,  September  5,  1839;  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  at  the  Auburn  Academy,  and  at 
Hobart  College,  Geneva,  New  York,  graduating  from 
the  latter  institution  in  1861;  entered  the  Union 
Army  in  September,  1861,  as  Captain  in  the  Ninety- 
second  New  York  Infantry ;  was  mustered  out  of  ser 
vice  in  December,  1864,  as  Lieutenant-Colonel; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867; 
settled  in  New  York  City;  entered  the  profession  of 
journalism  in  1871;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Merrimon,  Augustus  S. ;  was  born  in  Bun 
combe  County,  North  Carolina,  September  15,  1830; 
received  a  common  school  education;  studied  law; 
came  to  the  bar  in  1851 ;  was  elected  Attorney  in  sev 
eral  counties;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
North  Carolina  in  1860;  Solicitor  of  the  Eighth  Ju 
dicial  District  from  1861  to  1865;  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  in  1866,  but  in  1867  re 
signed  rather  than  obey  a  military  order;  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Claims,  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads,  and 
Revision  of  Rules. 

Merritt,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Staunton, 
Virginia,  August  15,  1828;  was  educated  at  the 
Staunton  Academy,  and  graduated  at  Washington 
College  in  1848;  studied  law,  and  removed  to  Califor 
nia;  was  County  Clerk  in  1850;  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly  in  1851  and  1852;  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1857,  1858.  1859,  1860,  1861,  and 
1862;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress. 

Mervin,  Orange;  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1825  to  1829. 

Metcalf,  Arunah  ;  was  a  native  of  New  York ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1811  to  1813;  subsequently  served  four  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  New  York  from  Otsego  County. 

Metcalf,  Ralph  ;  was  born  in  Charlestowu,  New 
Hampshire,  November  21,  1798;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1823:  worked  on  a  farm  until  the 
age  of  eighteen;  began  the  practice  of  law  at  New 
port  in  1826;  was  Secretary  of  State  for  several  years 
from  1830;  held  a  Clerkship  in  Washington  from  1838 
to  1840;  was  Register  of  Probate  for  Sullivan  Count1, 
in  1845;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  for  compil- 


342 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


ing  the  laws  of  the  State  in  1852;  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  in  1852  and 
1853;  was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1855  and 
1856. 

Metcalfe,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York.  January  20,  1805;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
New  York  City  in  1811;  in  1816  removed  to  the 
County  of  Richmond ;  was  a  law  student  in  his  father's 
office,  and  went  to  the  bar  in  1826;  in  that  year  suc 
ceeded  his  father,  George  Metcalfe,  as  District  At 
torney  for  Richmond  County,  holding  the  office  seven 
years;  in  1840  was  appointed  County  Judge;  in  1842 
became  connected  with  the  revenue  service  at  Staten 
Island;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  nom 
inated  Zachary  Taylor  for  President,  but  his  vote  was 
cast  for  Henry  Clay;  was  County  Judge  from  1847  to 
1874,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Metcalfe,  Lyne  S.;  was  born  in  Madisonville. 
Kentucky,  April  21,  1822;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  took  a  partial  course  at  Shurtleff.  and 
Illinois  Colleges;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1838;  in  1844 
engaged  in  business  at  Alton,  in  that  state;  was,  for 
several  years,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Alderman, 
and,  afterward  Mayor  of  the  city ;  at  the  commence 
ment  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  entered  the  Federal 
Service  as  Captain  and  Assistant  Quartermaster  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  removed  to  Saint  Louis. 
Missouri,  in  1863 ;  served  in  the  City  Council  there; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Metcalfe,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  March  20,  1780;  when  quite  young 
his  parents  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in 
Fayette,  where  his  education  was  restricted  to  the 
advantages  of  a  few  months'  attendance  at  a  country 
school;  worked  at  the  trade  of  a  mason,  but  em 
ployed  his  leisure  hours  in  study,  and  soon  developed 
remarkable  intellectual  abilities;  in  1809  first  ap 
peared  as  a  public  speaker,  in  defense  of  his  country 
against  British  oppression;  served  in  the  war  of  1812: 
in  1813  commanded  a  Company  of  Infantry  at  the 
battle  of  Fort  Meigs,  and  greatly  distinguished  him 
self  for  his  bravery ;  was  subsequently  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Legislature  for  several  years;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1819  to  1 829,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky,  which  office 
he  held  until  1833;  in  1834  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  in  1840  was  chosen  President  of  the  Board 
of  Internal  Improvement;  in  1848  was  appointed  and 
elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Crittenden 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  after  which  he  re 
tired  to  his  farm  between  Maysville  and  Lexington ; 
he  boasted  of  his  labors  as  a  stone-mason,  and  de 
lighted  in  being  called  the  "  Old  Stone  Hammer." 
Died  in  Nicholas  County.  Kentucky,  August  18, 
1855. 

Meyers,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  Centreville, 
Pennsylvania,  July  6,  1833;  received  an  academic 
education  at  Somerset,  and  at  Jeiferson  College, 
Pennsylvania;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1855;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
in  1864;  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Con 
vention  in  1864 ;  became  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Bedford  Gazette  in  1857,  and  one  of  the  proprietors 
and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Harrisburg  Daily  Patriot 
in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Middleswarth,  Ner ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
on  removing  to  Pennsylvania  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  and  made  Speaker;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to 
1855.  Died  June  2,  1865. 


Middleton,  Arthur ;  was  born  on  Ashley  River, 
South  Carolina,  in  1743;  after  a  course  of  studies  at 
Westminster,  graduated  at  Cambridge,  England; 
traveled  two  years  in  Europe;  on  his  return  home 
was  placed  on  various  local  committees  looking  to 
liberty;  in  1775  was  one  of  the  "  Council  of  Safety  "; 
was  the  author  of  the  first  draught  of  the  State  Con 
stitution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1776  to  1778.  and  again  from  1781  to  1783,  and 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  on  the  sur 
render  of  Charleston  was  taken  prisoner,  but  was  re 
leased  in  a  few  months  by  exchange;  served  frequent 
ly  in  the  State  Legislature;  while  attempting  to  re 
trieve  his  fortune,  which  had  been  seriously  affected 
by  the  war,  he  died  January  1,  1788.  His  father, 
Henry  Middleton,  and  his  grandfather,  Arthur  Mid 
dleton,  were  both  identified  with  the  earliest  history 
of  South  Carolina,  and  he  had  a  son,  John  Izard  Mid 
dleton,  who  acquired  reputation  as  an  author. 

Middleton,  George ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  14,  1811;  came  of  the  old  stock  of  the  Society 
of  Friends;  received  a  common  school  education; 
while  yet  a  boy  removed  with  his  father  to  New  Jer 
sey,  and  settled  in  Burlington;  was,  for  many  years, 
engaged  in  the  business  of  tanning;  was  twice  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey ;  was  noted  in  his 
district  as  a  local  peace-maker  among  his  neighbors ; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Agriculture  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Interior 
Department. 

Middleton,  Henry;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina,  and  was  the  son  of  Arthur  Middleton;  was  a 
Delegate  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1776,  and  was  the  second  mem 
ber  catled  to  officiate  as  President  of  that  body;  his 
grandson,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  subsequently 
a  Representative  in  the  Federal  Congress. 

Middleton,  Henry ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  born  in  1771 ;  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1801;  then  State  Senator  un 
til  elected  Governor,  in  1810;  from  1815  to  1819  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  in  1820  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Monroe,  Minister  to  Russia, 
which  position  he  filled  for  many  years.  Died  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  June  14,  1846.  Grand 
son  of  Henry,  the  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  and  the  father  of  Edward  Middleton,  a  Com 
modore  in  the  United  States  Navy,  and  he  also  had  a 
son  Arthur,  who  was  for  many  years  Secretary  of  Le 
gation  in  Spain. 

Mifflin,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia  in 
1744;  was  educated  for  mercantile  pursuits,  and  after 
a  tour  in  Europe,  entered  business  with  his  brother; 
in  1772  was  a  Representative  from  Philadelphia  in 
the  Provincial  Assembly;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1774  to 
1776;  distinguished  himself  as  Major  in  the  army  at 
the  battle  of  Lexington ;  in  1776  was  appointed  Quar 
termaster-General,  and  subsequently  Brigadier-Gen 
eral,  and  in  1777  attained  the  rank  of  Major-General ; 
was  active  in  raising  new  regiments  for  the  war  pre 
vious  to  the  battle  of  Trenton ;  in  1782  was  again  sent 
as  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress,  serving  until 
1783,  and  was  President  of  that  body;  in  1785  was 
Speaker  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  1787  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  and  signed  that  instrument; 
in  1788  was  made  President  of  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council;  commanded  the  Pennsylvania  troops  during 
the  Whisky  Insurrection ;  in  1790  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  forming  the  State  Constitution  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


343 


Pennsylvania,  and  was  chosen  first  Governor;  served 
nine  years,  and  was  again  sent  to  the  Legislature. 
Died  January  21,  1800. 

Miles,  Frederick;  was  born  at  Goshen,  Con 
necticut,  December  19,  1815;  received  a  common 
school  and  academic  education;  became  a  merchant; 
in  1858  removed  to  Ohapinville  and  engaged  in  the 
iron  business ;  in  1877  was  elected  a  State  Senator  for 
a  term  of  two  years,  resigned  in  1879,  having  been 
elected  a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress;  declined  a  re-nomination. 

Miles,  W.  Porcher;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  July,  1828;  prepared  for  College 
at  the  ' '  Wellington  School, ' '  and  graduated  at  the 
Charleston  College ;  studied  law ;  was  for  several 
years  Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Charles 
ton  College;  was  Mayor  of  Charleston  in  1856  and 
1857,  and  inaugurated  the  present  police  system  of 
that  city,  and  also  the  present  system  of  tidal  drains 
lor  the  same;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
South  Carolina  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  Southern  Quarterly  Review,  and  de 
livered  a  number  of  literary  and  patriotic  addresses; 
it  ought  to  be  mentioned  that  when  the  yellow  fever 
was  raging  in  Norfolk,  in  1855,  Mr.  Miles  visited 
that  city  as  a  humanitarian,  and  for  that  conduct  was 
rewarded  with  the  office  of  Mayor  of  Charleston ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  ' '  Seceding  Conven 
tion,"  in  1860,  and  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress; 
served  as  a  Colonel  in  the  Confederate  Army  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 

Millard,  Stephen  C.;  was  born  at  Stamford' 
Vermont,  January  14,  1840:  received  a  classical  edu 
cation,  graduating  from  Williams  College  in  1865; 
studied  law;  removed  to  Binghamton,  New  York,  in 
1867;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that  year  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Milledg-e,  John  ;  was  born  in  Savannah,  Geor 
gia,  and  was  descended  from  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  the  colony;  frequently  served  in  the  Legislature; 
in  1780  was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the  State, 
and  Governor  in  1802;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1792  to  1802,  excepting  one  term,  and  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  1806  to  1809,  serv 
ing  for  a  session  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate; 
was  the  principal  founder  of  the  University  of  Geor 
gia,  and  presented  the  land  which  forms  its  site. 
Died  at  his  country-seat,  at  the  Sand  Hills.  February 
9,  1818.  His  memory  was  honored  by  an  act  of  the 
Legislature,  naming  the  capital  of  the  State  Mil 
led  geville. 

Millen,  John ;  was  born  in  Savannah.  Georgia, 
in  1804;  was^ducated  a  lawyer;  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Georgia.  Died  near  Savannah,  October  15, 
1843,  about  ten  days  after  his  election  to  a  seat  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Miller,  Andrew  G-.;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Wisconsin;  was  one  of 
the  earliest  Territorial  Judges;  about  the  year  1849 
was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District 
of  Wisconsin,  residing  at  Milwaukee. 

Miller,  Daniel  F.;  was  born  in  Allegheny  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  October  14.  1814:  studied  law  in  Pitts 
burgh,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  183H:  emi 


grated  to  Iowa  in  1839;  during  the  following  year 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  Territory ;  in 
1848  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Congress;  his  seat 
having  been  contested,  a  new  election  took  place  in 
1850,  when  he  was  elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1851;  in  1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

Miller,  Daniel  H.;  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia\ 
Pennsylvania ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1823  to  1831.  Died  many  years! 
ago.  / 

Miller,  G-eorge  F.;  was  bom  in  Chillisquaqne,  , 
Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  September 
5, 1809;  received  an  academic  education  laboring  to 
support  himself  during  vacations;  studied  law  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1833;  took  an  active  part  in  local 
politics,  but  frequently  declined  nominations  for 
county  and  State  offices;  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  ^ 
Secretary  of  the  Lewisburg  University  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Roads  and  Canals,  and  Expenditures 
in  the  War  Department;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Miller,  Horace  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  Mississippi; 
from  1852  to  1854  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Bolivia. 

Miller,  Jacob  "W.;  was  born  in  Morris  County* 
New  Jersey,  in  1802;  was  bred  a  lawyer;  was  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1841  until 
1853.  Died  at  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  September 
30,  1862. 

Miller,  James ;  was  born  in  Peterborough.  New 
Hampshire,  April  25,  1776;  studied  law;  entered  the 
army  in  1808  as  a  Major;  in  1812  was  brevetted  a 
Colonel  for  gallantry  at  Fort  George;  in  1814  was  ap 
pointed  a  Colonel,  and  fought  at  Chippewa  and 
Lundy's  Lane;  it  was  he  who  said,  when  asked  by 
General  Scott  if  he  could  take  a  certain  battery,  "  I'll 
try,  sir";  was  subsequently  made  a  Major-General 
and  received  a  gold  medal  from  Congress;  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  army  in  1819,  and  was  made 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  where  he 
served  until  1825;  from  that  year  until  1849  was  Col 
lector  of  Customs  at  Salem,  Massachusetts.  Died  in 
Temple,  New  Hampshire.  July  7,  1851. 

Miller,  James  F.;  was  born  in  Tennessee, 
August  1,  183:2;  received  a  classical  education  at  a 
private  school;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1856,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  re 
moved  to  Texas  and  engaged  in  stock-raising  in  ad 
dition  to  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  never  was  a 
candidate  for,  or  held,  any  public  office  until  elected 
a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Miller,  Jesse  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1836  to  1837;  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jackson,  First  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 
and  held  the  position  until  1841;  was  Canal  Com 
missioner  of  Pennsylvania  in  1845  and  1846;  was 
Secretary  of  State  from  1846  to  1848,  serving  for  a 
short  time  as  Acting  Governor  of  the  State.  Died  at 
Harrisburg,  August  '20,  1850. 

Miller,  John ;  was  born  in  Amenia,  Dutchess 
County,  New  York,  November  10, 1774;  was  educated 
at  private  schools;  in  1793  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  University  ol 
Pennsylvania;  was  chosen  Vice-President  of  the 
Cortland  County  Medical  Association  in  1808;  from 
1805  to  1825  was  Postmaster  of  Truxton;  from  1812 


344 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


to  1821  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  was  a  member  ot 
the  State  Legislature  in  1817,  1820,  and  1845;  was  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Nineteenth 
Congress-  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "State  Constitu 
tional  Convention"  of  1846.  Died  in  March,  1862. 

Miller  John ;  was  distinguished  for  his  courage 
as  an  officer  in  the  last  war  with  England;  soon 
after  the  struggle  was  appointed  Register  of  the 
Land  Office  in  Missouri;  was  subsequently  elected 
Governor  of  the  State,  serving  from  1826  to  1832,  was 
at  one  time  editor  of  the  Western  Herald,  at  Steuben- 
ville  Ohio;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Missouri  from  1837  to  1843.  Died  near  Flomssant, 
Missouri,  March  18,  1846. 

Miller,  John  F. ;  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1831: 
received  an  academic  education;  studied  law.  and 
graduated  at  the  New  York  State  Law  School  in 
1852;  commenced  practice  at  South  Bend,  Indiana; 
soon  afterward  went  to  California,  where  he  remained 
three  years,  and  then  returned  to  Indiana;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1860;  resigned  to  enter  the  Union 
Army  in  1861 :  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  and  Brevet  Major- 
General;  returned  to  California,  and  became  Col 
lector  of  the  Port  of  San  Francisco,  serving  four 
years,  and  declining  a  re-appointment ;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1872  and  1876;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1879;  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  California 
for  the  term  of  six  years,  from  March,  1881.  Died  at 
Washington,  March  8,  1886. 

Miller,  John  G.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  in  1835 
emigrated  to  Missouri;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature;  from  1853  to  the  time  of  his  death 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri. 
Died  in  Saline  County,  Missouri,  May  11,  1856,  aged 
forty-four  years. 

Miller,  John  K.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1851. 

Miller,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Unfinished  Business  and  Expenditures  in  the  Navy 
Department;  was  subsequently  appointed  United 
States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Nebraska. 

Miller,  Joseph  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Barbours- 
ville.  Cabell  County,  Virginia  (now  West  Virginia) 
August  17,  1848;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  Clerk  of  the 
Circuit  and  County  Courts  of  Cabell  County  for  sev 
eral  years;  was  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  of  West 
Virginia  from  1872  to  1876;  in  the  latter  year  was 
elected  Auditor  of  West  Virginia;  was  re-elected  in 
1880,  serving  until  March  4,  1885;  on  March  20, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Com 
missioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  at  Washington  City. 


Miller,  Killian  ;  was  born  in  Claverack,  Colum 
bia  County,  New  York,  July  30,  1785;  received  a 
good  common  school  education,  with  instruction  in 
the  Latin  and  Greek  languages;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1806;  from  that  time 
continued  to  pursue  his  profession,  removing  from 
Livingston  to  Hudson  City  in  1833;  in  1824  and  1827 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly;  in  1837  was 
elected  County  Clerk,  which  office  he  held  for  three 
years;  in  1854  was  chosen  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 


Miller,  Morris  S.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1813  to  1815;  in  1819 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  superintend  a 
treaty  with  the  Seneca  Indians;  was  also  Judge  of  a 
County  Court.  Died  at  Utica,  November  15.  1824. 
aged  forty -five  years. 

Miller,  Nathan ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  Rhode  Island,  in  1785  and  1786. 

Miller,  N.  M.|  was  appointed  Second  Assistant 
Postmaster-General  in  1844;  held  the  office  about  one 
year;  in  1845  was  made  Third  Assistant  in  the  same 
Department. 

Miller,  Pleasant  M.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1809  to  1811. 

Miller,  Rutger  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  from  that  State  in  the  Twenty-fourth 
Congress,  in  the  place  of  S.  Beardsley,  resigned. 

Miller,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  in  Richmond. 
Kentucky,  April  5,  1816;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Transylvania;  after  taking  the  degree  of  Doc 
tor  of  Medicine,  practiced  the  profession  a  few  years, 
and  then  turned  his  attention  to  the  law;  having  been 
from  1848  in  favor  of  emancipation,  and  though  gen 
erally  taking  no  part  in  politics,  the  course  of  public 
affairs  caused  him  to  remove  from  the  State  in  1850, 
when  he  settled  in  Iowa  and  became  one  of  the  lead 
ers  of  the  Republican  party  in  that  State;  desiring 
no  local  or  State  offices,  and  declining  many  nomina 
tions,  he  attended  wholly  to  his  profession;  in  1862 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Miller  Samuel  F.;  was  born  in  Franklin,  Dela 
ware  County.  New  York.  May  27.  1827;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1852;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1853,  but  instead  of  practicing  the  profes 
sion,  turned  his  attention  to  farming  and  lumbering; 
in  1 854  was  elected  to  the  New  York  Legislature ;  in 
1850  and  1857  was  Supervisor  of  Franklin;  was,  for 
fifteen  years,  identified  as  Colonel  with  the  State 
Militia;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands ;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  18(>7;  was 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Chari 
ties;  also  a  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Miller-,  Samuel  H.;  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
Pennsylvania,  April  19,  1840;  graduated  from  West 
minster  College  in  1860;  taught  school  one  winter; 
published  and  edited  the  Mercer  Dispatch  from  1861 
to  1870;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Mercer,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  1870,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Miller,  Smith;  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina; 
when  a  youth  removed  with  his  father,  to  Indiana; 
his  education  was  limited ;  engaged  in  farming  as  an 
occupation;  was  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1853  to  1855. 


Miller,  Stephen;  was  Governor  of  Minnesota 
from  1863  to  1866. 

Miller,  Stephen  D.,  was  born  in  the  Waxsaw 
Settlement,  South  Carolina,  in  May,  1787;  graduated 
at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1808;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  cametothe  bar  in  1812;  served 
in  the  South  Carolina  Senate  in  1822;  represented  hia 
native  State  in  the  Lower  House  of  Congress  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


345 


1814  to  1819;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  from 
1828  to  1830;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
the  term  from  1831  to  1837,  but  resigned  on  account 
of  his  health  at  the  end  of  two  years.  Died  at  Ray 
mond,  Mississippi,  March  8,  1838,  having  removed 
to  that  State  in  1835,  where  he  was  an  extensive 
planter. 

Miller,  "Warner ;  was  born  in  Oswego  County, 
New  York,  August  12,  1838;  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1860;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  became  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  paper,  and  in  agricultural  pursuits; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1874  and  1875;  was  elected"  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Cougressess;  resigned  in  1881, 
upon  being  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  New  York  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Thomas  C. 
Platt,  resigned.  wrhich  began  on  March  4,  1881. 

Miller,  William ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
North  Carolina;  from  1810  to  1814  served  in  the 
Legislature;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1814  to 
1817;  in  1825  was  appointed  Charge  d"1  Affaires  to 
Guatemala;  died  before  entering  upon  his  duties. 

Miller,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Perry  County, 
Penns3rlvania,  January  29,  1828;  graduated  at  Mar 
shall  College,  Franklin,  Pennsylvania;  in  1854  was 
appointed  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  his  native 
State,  which  office  he  held  until  1863;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  011  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions.  His  father,  Jesse  Miller,  was  also  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress. 

Miller,  William  B.;  was  born  near  Bates ville, 
Independence  County,  Arkansas,  November  27,  1823; 
passed  his  childhood  and  youth  assisting  his  father  in 
his  farm  duties;  his  education  was  limited  to  an  oc 
casional  school  attendance,  but  he  improved  such  ad 
vantages  as  were  aiforded  him;  in  1843  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  Governor  of  Arkansas,  the  Agent  of 
the  State  in  the  selection  of  lands  granted  the  State 
by  the  General  Government,  serving  several  months; 
from  June  to  November,  1844,  was  Quartermaster- 
General  on  the  staff  of  the  Governor;  in  September, 
1846.  was  appointed  Deputy  Clerk  for  Independence 
County,  serving  two  years;  in  1847  was  also  an  Al 
derman  of  the  town  of  Batesville;  in  1848  was  ap 
pointed  a  Notary  Public;  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  Clerk  of  Independence  County:  was  re-elected 
in  1850,  1852,  and  1854;  while  serving  as  Clerk, 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Arkansas;  in  August,  1854,  resigned 
as  County  Clerk  to  accept  the  appointment  of  State 
Auditor  for  an  unexpired  term;  was  defeated,  as  a 
candidate  before  the  State  Legislature  for  a  full  term; 
in  1855  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  Accountant 
of  the  Real  Estate  Bank  of  Arkansas,  then  in  liquid 
ation;  continued  in  that  position  until  November, 
1856,  when  he  was  again  chosen  Auditor  of  the  State; 
in  1857  removed  to  Little  Rock,  Arkansas;  served  as 
Auditor,  by  re-elections,  until  displaced,  under  the 
proclamation  of  President  Lincoln,  at  the  close  of  the 
Civil  War.  in  1865;  at  the  ensuing  election,  in  1866, 
was  again  elected  Auditor;  in  1868,  at  an  election 
held  under  the  new  Constitution,  was  again  super 
seded  ;  returned  to  Batesville  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession;  in  1874  was  again  elected 
Auditor  of  the  State,  serving  until  January,  1877; 
in  1876  was  elected  Governor  of  Arkansas;  was  re- 
elected  in  1878,  serving  until  1881;  in  1874  again 


took  up  his  residence  in  Little  Rock;  was  Deputy 
State  Treasurer  in  1881  and  1882;  in  1886  was  again 
elected  State  Auditor. 

Miller,  William  S.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1845  to  1847,  and  a 
man  of  high  cultivation.  Died  in  New  York  City, 
November  9,  1854. 

Millig-an,  John ;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  December  10,  1795;  after  receiving  an 
academic  education,  entered  Princeton  College,  and 
remained  three  years:  then  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  New  Castle  County,  Delaware, 
in  1818:  piirsued  his  profession  for  several  years,  but 
subsequently  retired  to  a  country-seat  near  Wil 
mington  ;  in  1830  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Delaware,  and 
served  from  1831  to  1839;  in  1839  was  appointed,  by 
the  Governor,  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
State  of  Delaware. 

Milligan,  Samuel ;  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee, 
from  which  State  he  was  appointed  an  Associate  Jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Nebraska,  residing  at  Dakota  City. 

Milliken,  Seth  L. ;  was  born  at  Montville, 
Maine,  December  12,  1831;  removed  to  Camden. 
Maine,  in  1848 ;  received  a  classical  education  ; 
graduating  from  Union  College  in  1856;  was,  the 
same  year,  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  the  following  year; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  the  State,  for  the 
county  of  Wardo,  from  1859  to  1871,  inclusive;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1876,  and  was.  the  same  year,  a  Presidential  Elector; 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Belfast,  Maine;  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth 
Congress. 

Millikin,  Charles  W. ;  was  born  in  Graves 
County,  Kentucky,  August  15,  1827;  graduated  in 
1849;  studied  law;  was  Attorney  of  Simpson  County 
five  years;  was  appointed,  in  1867,  Attorney  for  the 
Fourth  Judicial  District  of  Kentucky,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy;  elected  the  following  August  to  serve  out  the 
unexpired  term,  and  re-elected  in  1868  for  a  full  term 
of  six  years;  resigned  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds;  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Mills,  Elijah  H.;  was  born  in  1778;  graduated  at 
Williams  College  in  1797 ;  studied  law ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1815 
to  1819,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1820  to  1827. 
Died  in  Northampton,  May  5,  1829. 

Mills,  Roger  Q.;  was  born  in  Todd  County, 
Kentucky,  March  30,  1832;  received  a  common  school 
education;  emigrated  to  Texas  in  1849;  locating  at 
Palestine;  studied  law;  supported  himself  while  pur 
suing  his  law  studies  by  performing  clerical  duties 
in  the  Post  Office  and  in  the  offices  of  the  Court 
Clerks;  in  1850  was  appointed  Engrossing  Clerk  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives;  at  the  age  of 
twenty  his  disabilities  as  a  minor  were  removed  by 
the  Legislature  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Corsicana,  Texas,  at 
which  place  he  continued,  thereafter,  to  reside;  in 
1859  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  in  1860  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 


346 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Millson,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia 
October  1,  1808,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law 
before  the  age  of  sixteen ;  held  no  public  office  unti 
elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  in  the  Thirty 
first  Congress,  which  position  he  filled,  by  re-elec 
tions,  until  1860,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce  and  Ways  and  Means,  and  o 
the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebel 
lions  States;  in  1844  and  1848  was  a  Presidentia 
Elector.  Died  at  Norfolk,  Virginia,  February  26 
1874. 

Millward,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Patents. 

Millward,  "William  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Milnes,  William,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Yorkshire, 
England,  December  8,  1827;  emigrated  to  America 
and  settled  in  Pottsville.  Pennsylvania;  after  com 
pleting  an  academic  education,  apprenticed  himself 
to  the  blacksmithing  business ;  at  the  expiration  of 
his  apprenticeship  entered  into  the  business  of  min 
ing  and  shipping  coal;  in  1865  removed  to  Virginia 
and  purchased  tlie  extensive  property  located  in  Page 
and  Rockingham  counties  known  as  the  Shenandoah 
Iron  Works;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress 
as  a  Representative  from  Virginia,  serving  on  several 
Committees. 

Milnor,  James ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  June 
20,  1773;  received  his  education  at  a  grammar  school 
and  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  subse 
quently  studied  law;  in  1794  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  prol'ession  before  he  was  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  from  1811  to  1813  was  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  in  Congress;  in  1811  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  General  Convention  of  the  Episcopal 
Church;  in  1814  was  ordained  a  Clergyman  by 
Bishop  White,  and  in  1816  was  called  to  the  Rector 
ship  of  St.  George's  Church,  in  New  York;  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  New  York  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institution,  and  after  spending  the  evening  in  com 
pany  with  its  Directors,  in  apparent  good  health, 
died  suddenly,  April  8,  1845. 

Milnor,  William;  was  born  in  Philadelphia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1807  to  1811,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again  from 
1821  to  1822. 

Milton,  John ;  was  Governor  of  Florida  from 
1861  to  1864. 

Miner,  Ahiman  L.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was 
Clerk  of  the  Vermont  House  of  Representatives  in 
183«  and  1837;  a  State  Representative  in  1838,  1839, 
and  1845;  a  State  Senator  in  1840;  County  Attorney 
for  two  years;  Register  of  Probate  for  seven  years- 
Judge  of  Probate  from  1846  to  1849;  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  lcS51  to  185T 
Died  July  20,  1886. 

Miner,  Charles;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  about  the  year  1778;  when  a  youth  of  nine 
teen,  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Wilkesbarre 
Pennsylvania;  subsequently  settled  in  Westchester' 
and  for  many  years  published  the  Village  Record  in 
that  place;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1828,  and  declined  a  re 
election  on  account  of  deafness;  was  the  author  of 
an  interesting  work,  entitled  "History  of  Wyoming'1 


and  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  this  country  to  in 
troduce  and  write  upon  the  silk-growing  business. 
Died  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania,  October  26, 
1865,  universally  respected  for  his  high  character 
and  ability. 

Miner,  Phineas ;  was  an  eminent  lawyer;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  during 
the  years  1834  and  1835,  for  an  unexpired  term. 
Died  at  Litchfieid,  in  that  State,  September  16, 
1839,  aged  sixty  years. 

Minor,  William  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Stam 
ford,  Connecticut,  October  3,  1815;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1834;  was  eight  years  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  Consul-General  to  Havana  from  1864  to  1867; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut; 
he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  from  Wes 
ley  University  in  1865. 

Minot,  Josiah ;  was  appointed  Fifth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury  in  1855;  and  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
in  1856,  but  only  remained  in  office  until  the  com 
mencement  of  1857. 

Mitchell,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Aberdeen- 
shire,  Scotland,  October  17,  1817;  received  a  good 
education  in  Scotland;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  was  a  banker;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  For 
ty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency;  was  the  Dem 
ocratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Wisconsin  in  1879 
and  was  defeated. 

Mitchell,  Anderson;  was  born  in  Caswell 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1800;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  that  State  in  1821 ;  studied  law  and 
settled  in  Wilkes  County  in  1840,  when  he  was  im 
mediately  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  a  member 
of  Congress  in  1842  and  1843;  was  subsequently  de 
voted  to  his  profession. 

Mitchell,  Charles  B. ;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
"'ongress  from  Arkansas  for  a  term  of  six  years,  com- 
nencing  March  4,  1861,  but  was  expelled  by  the 
Senate  July  11.  1861. 

Mitchell,  Charles  F.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
rom  1837  to  1841. 

Mitchell,  Charles  L.;  was  born  at  New  Haven, 
Jonnecticut,  August  4, 1844;  received  an  academic  ed 
ucation  ;  then  passed  two  years  in  a  tour  around  the 
world,  visiting  points  in  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa;  en 
gaged  in  active  business  as  a  member  of  the  lirm  of 
\litchell,  Vance  and  Company,  and  as  a  Director  in  the 
Winchester  Arms  Company,  the  Meriden  Britauia 
Company,  the  Tradesman's  Bank,  of  New  Haven, 
and  other  enterprises;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1878;  was  defeated  for  State 
Senator  in  1879;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Jonnecticut  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
lected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Mitchell,  David  Bradie ;  was  born  in  Scot- 
;ind,  October  22,  1737;  removed  to  Savannah,  Geor 
gia,  in  1783,  to  take  possession  of  property  left  by  an 
incle;  studied  law;  was  elected  Solicitor-General  of 
Jeorgia  in  1795;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
796;  Governor  of  the  State  from  1809  to  1813,  and 
rom  1815  to  181H;  was,  afterwards,  Agent  to  the 
(Jreek  Indians,  with  whom  he  concluded  a  treaty 
January  22,  1818.  Died  at  Milledgeville.  Georgia, 
\pril  22,  1837. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


347 


Mitchell,  George  E.;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1823  to  1827,  and  again  from  1829  to 
1832.  Died  in  Washington,  June  28,  1832. 

Mitchell,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Woodbury,  Con 
necticut,  in  1784;  received  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  medicine;  after  practicing 
for  a  while  in  Connecticut  removed  to  New  York; 
after  receiving  from  Yale  College  the  title  of  M.D., 
practiced  his  profession  in  New  York  with  eminent 
'  success;  in  1827  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  his 
adopted  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  in  Norwich, 
New  York,  January  12,  1858. 

• 

Mitchell,  James  C.;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1825  to  1829. 

Mitchell,  James  S.;  was  born  in  York  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1827. 

Mitchell,  John;  was  born  in  Perry  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829.  Died  at  Beaver, 
Pennsylvania,  in  August,  1849. 

Mitchell,  John  H.;  was  bora  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  June  22,  1835;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  removed  to  California,  and  settled  in 
San  Francisco;  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1860, 
and  continued  his  profession;  was  elected  Corpora 
tion  Attorney  in  1861;  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate  in  1862,  and  served  four  years,  the  last  two  as 
President;  in  1865  was  commissioned  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  Militia;  was  a  candidate  for  United  State* 
Senator  in  1866.  but  defeated ;  was  chosen  Professor 
of  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  Willamette  University 
at  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1867,  and  served  in  that  position 
nearly  four  years;  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1873,  and  ending 
in  1879,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Privileges  and 
Elections.  Claims  and  Transportation;  in  1885  was 
again  elected  a  Senator  from  Oregon. 

Mitchell,  John  I.;  was  born  in  Tioga  County. 
Pennsylvania,  July  28  1838;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  also  studied  for  some  time  at 
the  University  of  Lewisburg,  Pennsylvania;  taught 
school ;  served  in  the  Union  Army  as  a  commissioned 
officer  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  was  admitted 
to  the  practice  of  law  in  1864 ;  was  District  Attorney 
of  Tioga  County  from  1868  to  1871;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  the  State  Legislature  from  1872  to  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty -fifth  and  Forty -sixth  Congresses;  was  elected  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Pennsylvania  for 
the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4.  1881'. 

Mitchell,  Nahum;  was  born  in  East  Bridge- 
water.  Massachusetts,  February  12,  1769;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1789;  taught  school;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  179:2;  from  1811 
to  1821  was  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  and  afterwards  Chief  Justice;  from  1798  to 
1812  was  a  Representative  in  the  General  Court;  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1805;  in  1813 
and  1814  was  State  Senator;  from  1814  to  1820  was 
one  of  the  Governor's  Council;  from  1822  to  1827  was 
Treasurer  of  the  State;  in  1840  published  a  History  of 
Bridgewater,  Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and  published  a 
volume  of  sacred  music,  entitled  the  "Bridgewater 
Collection. "  He  fell  and  died  suddenly  in  one  of  the 
streets  of  Plymouth,  August  1,  1853,  while  attending 


the  first  celebration  of  the  embarkation  of  the  Pil 
grims  at  Delft  Haven. 

Mitchell,  Nathaniel ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Del 
aware  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1788. 

Mitchell,  Robert;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Mitchell,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  Richland 
County,  Ohio,  in  1828;  graduated  at  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar ;  served  as  Lieutenant  of  Ohio  Vol 
unteers  in  the  Mexican  War ;  afterward  resumed  his 
profession;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1856;  took  an 
active  part  against  the  Pro-Slavery  party;  was  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature  in  1857  and  1858;  State 
Treasurer  from  1858  to  1861;  Adjutant-General  in 
1860  and  1861 ;  Colonel  of  the  Second  Kansas  Volun 
teers,  and  severely  wounded  at  Wilson's  Creek,  dur 
ing  the  Civil  War;  soon  after  raised  a  Regiment  of 
Cavalry;  was  made  Brigadier-General  in  1862;  placed 
in  command  of  the  Thirteenth  Division  of  Buell's 
army,  and  fought  at  Perry  ville,  October  8,  1862;  was 
appointed  Governor  of  New  Mexico,  November,  1865. 
Died  January  26,  1882. 

Mitchell,  Samuel  Latham;  was  born  on  Long 
Island  in  1763;  was  well  educated;  after  the  close  of 
the  Revolutionary  War  went  to  Edinburgh,  and  there 
studied  medicine  and  natural  history ;  on  his  return 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Chemistry  and  Natural 
History  in  Columbia  College;  hisipractice  as  a  physi 
cian  was  extensive;  he  edited,  with  Dr.  Smith,  four 
teen  volumes  of  the  "Medical  Repository";  also 
published  a  "Life  of  Tammany,"  thr-  Indian  Chief, 
and  other  useful  works,  historical  and  scientific;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from 
1801  to  1804.  and  again  from  1810  to  1813,  and  a 
Senator  from  1804  to  1809.  Died  in  New  York, 
September  8.  1831.  A  work  which  he  published  an 
onymously,  entitled  "A  Picture  of  New  York,"  sug 
gested  to  Washington  Irving  his  "Knickerbocker's 
1 1  istory  of  New  York. ' ' 

Mitchell,  Stephen  M.;  was  born  at  Wethers- 
field,  Connecticut,  December  27,  1743;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1763;  was  chosen  a  tutor  in  the  Col 
lege  in  1766,  in  which  station  he  continued  three 
years;  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  1772;  in 
1779  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Hartford  County 
Court,  and  in  1790  placed  at  the  head  of  that  Court ; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  old  Congress  in  1783  and  1785  j 
and  in  1793  was  appointed  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  which  position  he  held  until  1795;  in  1795  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Connecti 
cut;  in  1807  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court,  which  olfice 
he  held  until  1814,  when  he  became  disqualified  by 
age;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1805;  it  was  to  his 
services,  while  in  Congress,  that  Connecticut  was 
greatly  indebted  for  the  establishment  of  her  title  to 
the  tract  of  land  in  Ohio  called  the  ' '  Western  Re 
serve.  ' '  Died  in  the  plaoe  of  his  birth,  September 
30,  1835. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R.;  was  born  in  Georgetown, 
South  Carolina;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1802;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1821  to  1823,  from  1825  to  1829,  aud 
again  from  1831  to  1833.  Died  in  1837. 

Mitchell,  William;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  Died  hi 
Macon,  Georgia,  in  September,  1865. 


348 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Mix,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  after 
holding  the  office  of  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Indian  Bureau 
for  many  years,  was  Commissioner  from  June  to  No 
vember,  in  1858,  and  then  resumed  his  clerkship;  re 
sided  in  Georgetown.  District  of  Columbia. 

Mofifatt,  SethO.;  was  born  at  Battle  Creek,  Mich 
igan,  August  10,  1841:  attended  the  common  school 
and  High  School  in  that  place:  in   1858  removed  to 
Colon.  St  Joseph  County,  Michigan,  and  was  an  as 
sistant  teacher  in  the  Seminary  there  until  1860;  in 
I860  entered  the  Literary  Department  of  the  Univers 
ity  of  Michigan  where  he  studied  one  year;   then  en 
tered  the  Law  School,  of  the  University,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1863,  and  at  once  went  to  Grand 
Rapids,  Michigan,  and  was  employed  in  a  law  office 
there;  in  1864  removed  to  Lyons,   Michigan,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  in  1866  removed  to 
Northport,  Michigan;  in  1874  removed  to  Traverse 
City,  Michigan,  continuing  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;   was  Township   Clerk    of  the   Township   of 
Lyons,  and  afterwards  of  the  township  of  Leelaun, 
Michigan;  was   Prosecuting    Attorney   for   Leelaun 
County,  Michigan,  for  six  years;  was  Deputy  Collec 
tor  of  Customs  at  Northport,  Michigan,  for  six  years; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1871  and  1872;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Commission  in  1873;  was 
Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Traverse 
City,  Michigan,  from  1874  to  1878;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Grand  Traverse  County,  Michigan,   in 
1878;  was  a  Representative  in,  and  Speaker  of,   the 
Lower  House  of  the  Michigan   Legislature  in  1881 
and  1882;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  in  1884;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a 
Representative  from    Michigan    to    the    Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Moflfet,  John ;  was  born  in  the  County  of  An 
trim,  North  of  Ireland,  in  1832;  came  with  his  parents 
to  this  country  when  a  child;  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia  and  in  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  estab 
lished  himself  as  an  apothecary  in  Philadelphia:  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Forty -first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Freedmen's  Affairs;  his  seat  was  contested, 
however,  by  Leonard  Myers,  and  in  April,  1869,  the 
latter  was  declared  duly  elected. 

Moffit,  Hosea ;  was  born  in  New  York;  served 
six  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1817. 

Molony,  Richard  S.;  was  born  in  Northfield 
New  Hampshire;  entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1836 
but  left  the  institution  before  the  close  of  the  follow 
ing  year  and  commenced  the  study  of  medicine;  re 
moved  to  Illinois  and  settled  at  Belvidere,  Boone 
County,  in  the  practice  of  the  medical  profession; 
was  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress,  succeeding  his  friend  and  college 
classmate,  John  Wentworth. 

Monell,  Robert;  was  a  native  of  Columbia 
County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1831.  Died  in  December,  1860. 

Money,  H.  D.;  was  born  in  Holmes  County,  Mis 
sissippi,  August  2fi,  1830;  prepared  himself  for  the 
legal  profession,  but  abandoned  it  to  become  a  jour 
nalist;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
sissippi  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 


Monroe,  James  ;  was  born    April  28.  1758,  in 
Westmoreland   County,    Virginia;    was   educated  at 
William  and  Mary  College;  in  1776  joined  the  army 
in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  continued  with  it  un 
til  1778,  displaying  great  bravery;  then  retired  and 
engaged  in  the  study  of  the  law;  in   1780  held  the 
office  of  Military  Commissioner  for  Virginia,  and,  in 
that  capacity,  visited  the  Southern   Army;  in   1782 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Assembly;  and  in  1783 
a  Delegate  to  Congress;  in  1788  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  in  Virginia  to  deliberate  on  the  proposed 
Constitution  for  the  United  States;  in  1790  was  elect 
ed  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Virginia;  in 
1794  received  the  appointment  of  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  to  France,  and  was  recalled  in  1797;  in  1799 
was  elected  Governor  of  Virginia;  in  1802  was  sent 
on  a  special  mission  to  France,  which  resulted  in  the 
purchase  of  Louisiana;  in  1803  was  appointed  Min 
ister  to  England;  in  1805  was  associated  with  Charles 
Pinckney.  to  negotiate  with  Spain;  during  his  resi 
dence  in  England  he  and  Mr.  William  Pinckney  ne 
gotiated  a  commercial  treaty  with  Great  Britain,  but 
it  was  never  submitted  to  the  Senate  by  President 
Jefferson;  returned  to  America  in  1808;  in  1811  was 
Governor  of  Virginia,   and   the  same  year  received, 
from  President  Madison,  the  appointment  of  Secre 
tary  of  State,  which  office  he  held  until  his  election 
as  President,  March  4,   1817;  during  a  part  of  the 
time,  in  1814  and  1815,  he  also  performed  the  duties 
of  Secretary  of  War:  was  again  elected  President  in 
1821.     Died  July  4,  1831. 

Monroe,  James ;  was  born  in  Plainfield,  Con 
necticut,  July  18,  1821 ;  received  his  early  education 
at  Plainfield  Academy;  graduated  atOberlin  College, 
Ohio,  in  1846,  and  pursued  a  course  of  theological 
study  there;  was  a  Professor  in  Oberlin  College  from 
1849  until  1862;  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  in  1856,  1857.  1858,  and  1859,  and  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1860,  1861.  and  1862;  chosen  Presi 
dent  of  the  Senate  in  1861  and  again  in  1862;  was 
United  States  Consul  at  Rio  Janeiro  from  1863  to 
1869,  serving  for  several  months  of  1869  as  Charge 
(V  Affaires  ad  interim  at  that  capitol;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Library, 
and  Banking  and  Currency,  and  Chairman  of  that  on 
Education  and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty 
fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Monroe,  Thomas  B.;  was  a  citizen  of  Kentucky; 
about  the  year  1834  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Kentucky. 

Monroe,  V.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Washington,  residing  at 
Olympia. 

Montanya,  J.  D.  L.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  two  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Montgomery,  Daniel ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1807  to  1809. 

Montgomery,  John;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1807  to  1811. 

Montgomery,  JohnG-.;  was  born  in  Northum 
berland,  Pennsylvania,  in  1805;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College  in  1824;  came  to  the  bar  in  1827-  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1855;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  but  died  before  taking  his  seat,  of  the  mys 
terious  National  Hotel  disease,  at  Danville,  Pemwyl 
vania.  April  ->4.  1857,  aged  fifty -two  years 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


349 


Montgomery,  Joseph  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1755;  also  took  a  degree  at  Yale  College  in 
1760;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  1780  to  1784. 

Montgomery,  M.  V. ;  was  born  in  the  Township 
of  Eaton  Rapids,  Eaton  County,  Michigan,  October 
20,  1840;  attended  the  common  schools  from  early 
childhood  until  seventeen  years  of  age;  then  taught 
in  a  district  school  during  the  winters  for  four  years, 
attending  a  High  School  at  Eaton  Rapids  during  the 
summers;  in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army,  and  served 
about  ten  months  in  the  Second  Michigan  Cavalry ;  in 
the  fall  of  1862  began  the  study  of  law  in  Eaton 
Rapids;  in  the  spring  of  1863  was  elected  Township 
Clerk,  and  was  re-elected  in  1864 ;  in  1865  was  admitted 
to  the  bar;  in  1866  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at 
Eaton  Rapids;  in  the  same  year  was  the  candidate  of 
his  party  for  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Eaton  County, 
but  was  defeated;  in  1870  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  and  served  two  years; 
in  1874  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State;  in  1875  removed  to  Lansing, 
Michigan ;  in  1876  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Cleveland,  Commissioner  of  Patents  in 
the  Department  of  the  Interior  at  Washington. 

Montgomery,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Nelson 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1813  to  1815,  and  again  from 
1821  to  1823.  Died  April  2,  1828. 

Montgomery,  William ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1793  to  1795. 

Montgomery,  William ;  was  born  in  Guilford 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  educated  for  the  medi 
cal  profession ;  was  elected  to  the  General  Assembly 
in  1824,  where  he  served,  with  but  one  intermission, 
until  1834,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  continued  in  that  position  until  1841. 
Died  November  27,  1844,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

Montgomery,  William;  was  born  in  Canton 
Township,  Pennsylvania,  April  11,  1819;  graduated 
at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1839;  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1856,  serving 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals.  Died  in  Washington,  Pennsylva 
nia,  May  2,  1870. 

Montgomery,  Zachariah ;  was  born  in  Nelson 
County,  Kentucky,  March  6,  1825;  in  1828  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Daviess  County,  Kentucky ;  oc 
casionally  attended  a  "subscription  day-school" 
until  about  nineteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  the 
sum  total  of  his  school  attendance  was  about  two 
years;  he  then  entered  St.  Mary's  Jesuit  College,  in 
Marion  County,  Kentucky,  where  he  remained  until, 
two  years  later,  the  entire  faculty  of  the  college  were 
transferred  to  St.  John's  College,  at  Fordham,  New 
York;  he  then  went  to  St.  Joseph's  College,  at  Bards- 
town,  Kentucky,  where,  in  1847,  he  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  A.  B. ;  remained  in  the  college  one  year 
as  a  teacher  and,  at  the  same  time,  studied  law ;  in 
1848  received  the  degree  of  A.  M. ;  continued  the 
study  of  the  law  and,  in  1849,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  in  1850  went  to  California;  after  a  short  mining 
experience,  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Sut- 
ter  County,  California;  in  1856  was  appointed  Dis 
trict  Attorney  of  Sutter  County;  was  re-elected;  in 
1860  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  California 
Legislature;  in  May,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 


dent  Cleveland,  United  States  Attorney-General  for 
the  Department  of  the  Interior.     Mr.   Montgomery 
held  very  strong  and  somewhat  peculiar  views  on  the 
question  of  free-schools,   and  endeavored  to   secure 
legislation  in  conformity  with  these  views.     As  much 
prominence  was  given  to  this  matter  at  the  time  01 
Mr.   Montgomery's  nomination    to  the  Senate,  and 
some  misconception  prevails  as  a  consequence,  the 
propositions  which  he  desired  enacted  into  law  are 
given  below :     1st,   legal   compulsion  of  parents  to 
feed,  clothe  and  educate  their  children;  2d,  children 
of  indigent  parents  should  be  fed,  clothed  and  edu 
cated  at  public  expense;  3d,  children  whose  parents 
are  able  to  care  for  them  shall  not  be  a  tax  upon  the 
public  for  food,   clothing,   or  school  facilities;   4th, 
parents  mentally  and  morally  unfit  to  care  for  chil 
dren  shall  exercise  care  in  selecting  schools  where 
their  temporal  and  eternal  welfare  will  be  promoted; 
5th,   education  by  any  particular  teacher,  book,  or 
system  of  religious  or  non-religious  instruction  shall 
not  be  compulsory;  6th,  the  course  of  study  in  public 
schools  shall  be  confined  to  the  practical  branches, 
except  in  special  instances  where   the  classics  and 
higher  branches  may  be  taught  as  a  reward  of  merit; 
7th,  the  educating  and  training  of  the  young  shall  be 
open  to  private  competition ;  provided,  that  the  State 
shall  establish  and  maintain  such  necessary  educa 
tional  institutions  as  private  enterprise  shall  iail  to 
establish  ;    and  every   person    entitled   to  have  his 
child  or  ward  educated  at  public  expense  shall  select  his 
own  school,  and  the  teacher  or  principal  of  such  school 
shall  be  paid  for  teaching  such  pupil  a  compensation, 
the  maximum  of  which  shall  be  fixed  by  law,  which 
compensation  shall  be  proportionate  to  the  progress 
made  by  the  pupil  in  the  legally  appointed  secular 
branches;  said  progress  to  be  ascertained  by  examiners 
provided  by  law;  but  no  religious  tuition  shall  be  at 
public  expense. 

Moody,  Z.  F.;  was  born  at  Granby,  Massachu 
setts,  May  27,  1832;  received  a  good  education;  in 
1848  removed  to  Chicopee,  Massachusetts;  in  1851 
removed  to  Oregon;  was,  for  two  years,  in  the  employ 
of  the  United  States  in  connection  with  the  Govern 
ment  surveys  in  Oregon;  in  1853  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business  at  Brownsville,  Oregon;  in  1856  was 
appointed  Inspector  of  United  States  Surveys  in  Cali 
fornia;  upon  the  completion  of  his  duties  as  Inspector 
went  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  four  years;  in 
1862  returned  to  Oregon  and  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  at  The  Dalles,  in  that  State;  in  1863  removed 
his  business  to  Umatilla,  Oregon;  afterwards  engaged 
in  various  pursuits;  in  1872  was  elected  State  Senator, 
but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  his  com 
petitor;  in  1880  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  served  in  that  body  as  Speaker; 
in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Oregon  for  the  term 
of  four  years. 

Moor,  Wyman  B.  S.;  was  born  in  Waterville, 
Maine,  November  3,  1814;  graduated  at  Waterville 
College;  studied  law  at  Cambridge,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1834;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Leg 
islature  in  1839 ;  was  Attorney-General  of  that  State 
from  1844  to  1848;  by  appointment,  succeeded  John 
Fairfield  as  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  from  Jan 
uary  to  June,  1848;  subsequently  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  the  railroad  interests  of  his  State;  in  1857 
was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Consul-Gen- 
eral  for  the  British  American  Provinces.  Died  in 
Lynchburg,  Virginia,  February  16,  1869. 

Moore,  Alfred ;  was  bom  in  Brunswick  County, 
North  Carolina,  May  21.  1755;  was  educated  in  Bos 
ton,  where  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  military  tac 
tics;  in  1775  joined  the  Continental  Troops  of  Nortli 


350 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Carolina  as  Captain;  when  the  British  seized  Wil 
mington,  raised  a  troop  of  volunteers  which  did  good 
service;  in  1790  was  elected,  by  the  Assembly,  Attor 
ney-General  of  the  State,  although  he  had  never  read 
a  law -book;  soon  became,  by  study  and  observation, 
eminent  at  the  bar;  was  appointed  Judge  in  1798; 
was  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  from  1799  to  1805.  Died  in  Belfont, 
North  Carolina,  October  15,  1810. 

Moore,  Andrew;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1789  to  1797,  and  again  from 
1803  to  1804,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  but  was  superseded  by  W.  B.  Giles; 
was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of 
Government  on  the  Potomac.  Died  in  May,  1821. 

Moore,  Andrew  B.;  was  originally  a  school 
teacher  in  Alabama;  Governor  of  the  State  from  1857 
to  1863.  Died  in  Marion,  April  5,  1873. 

Moore,  Eliakim  Hastings  ;  was  born  in  Wor 
cester  County,  Massachusetts,  June  19, 1812;  removed 
to  Ohio  with  bis  father  in  1817;  received  his  educa 
tion  at  a  frontier  school;  from  1836  to  1846  was 
County  Surveyor;  from  1846  to  1860,  County  Audi 
tor;  was  a  Director,  and  then  President  for  many 
years,  of  the  Athens  Branch  of  the  State  Bank  of  Ohio, 
and  subsequently  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Athens;  in  186:2  was  appointed  a  Collector  of  Internal 
•  Revenue;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories,  and  the  Militia. 

Moore,  Ely ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and  edu 
cated  as  a  printer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congres8 
from  New  York  from  1835  to  1839;  was  appointed 
Marshal  of  New  York,  by  President  Polk ;  subse 
quently  edited  a  newspaper  in  New  Jersey;  was  ap 
pointed  Indian  Agent  in  Kansas  Territory;  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  Register  of  a  Land  Office  in 
Kansas.  Died  January  26,  1860. 

Moore,  G-abriel ;  was  born  in  Stokes  County' 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Alabama  from  1822  to  1829;  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1829  to  1831;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1831  to  1837.  Died  at  Caddo,  Texas,  in  1844. 

Moore,  Heman  Allen ;  was  born  in  Plainfield, 
Vermont,  in  1810;  studied  law  in  Rochester,  New 
York;  removing  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  obtained  dis 
tinction  as  a  lawyer;  was  appointed  Adjutant-Gen 
eral  of  the  State  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1843  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Columbus,  April  3,  1844. 

Moore,  Henry  D.;  was  born  in  Goshen,  Orange 
County,  New  York,  April  17,  1817;  received  his  edu 
cation  at  one  of  the  public  schools  of  New  York  City; 
when  sixteen  years  of  age,  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
the  tailoring  business,  which  he  followed  until  1843: 
in  that  year  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  became 
interested  in  the  marble  business;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1849  to  1853; 
for  several  years  after  leaving  Congress  was  Treasurer 
of  Pennsylvania. 

Moore,  Jesse  H.;  was  born  in  St.  Clair  County, 
Illinois,  April  22,  1817;  his  father  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolution;  graduated  at  the  College  of  Lebanon 
in  1842;  soon  became  a  teacher,  and  in  1844  was 
Principal  of  a  Seminary  in  Vermillion  County;  in 
1846  received  a  degree  from  Asbury  University;  in 
1848  took  charge  of  the  Methodist  Church  in  Shelby- 
ville;  from  1854  to  1856  had  charge  of  the  Quincy 
College;  in  1862  raised  a  regiment  for  the  war,  and 


'  performed  much  service  in  all  the  campaigns  of  the 
j  Army  of  the  Cumberland  as  Colonel,  commanding  a 
Brigade  a  part  of  the  time,  and  was  brevetted  a 
Brigadier-General;  after  the  war  re-entered  the  pul 
pit,  and  was  Presiding  Elder  at  Decatur;  in  1868 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  011 
Claims  and  Patents;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Moore,  John ;  was  boru  in  Berkeley  County. 
Virginia,  in  1788;  having  removed  to  Louisiana,  be 
came  an  active  politician;  from  1825  to  1834  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature;  also  served  several 
years  in  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Louisiana  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
again  from  1851  to  1853;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1849;  a  Delegate  to  the  seceding  "State  Conven 
tion  "  of  1861.  Died  in  Louisiana,  in  June,  1867. 

Moore,  Laban  T.;  was  born  in  Cabell  County, 
Virginia,  January  13,  1829;  received  a  limited  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  adopted  the  pro- 
|  fession  of  the  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures;  served  as  a  Colonel 
in  the  army  during  the  Rebellion. 

Moore,  Marshal  F.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
removed  to  Ohio;  was  appointed  from  that  State 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Washington,  residing  at 
Olympia. 

Moore,  Nicholas  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1803  to  1811,  and 
again  from  1813  to  1816.  Died  at  Baltimore  in  1816. 

Moore,  Oscar  F.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Moore,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Washington  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

Moore,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1819  to  1822;  was  a 
physician.  Died  February  18,  1861. 

Moore,  S.  McD.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1 833 
to  1835;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the 
Rebellion. 

Moore,  Sydenham  E.;  was  born  in  Rutherford 
County,  Tennessee,  but  removed  to  Alabama,  with 
his  parents,  soon  after  its  admission  as  a  State;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Alabama;  was  bred  to 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  Judge  of  the  County 
Court  of  Greene  County,  Alabama,  for  six  years,  and 
for  a  short  time  also  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  that 
State;  resigned  his  Judgeship,  and  went  to  Mexico 
as  Captain  of  a  Volunteer  Company,  and  served  one 
year,  a  portion  of  the  time  in  General  Taylor's  line, 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  also  in  General  Scott's  line, 
at  Tampico,  Vera  Cruz,  Alvarado,  and  Jalapa;  on 
his  return  home  was  elected  Brigadier-General  of 
Militia;  in  1857  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  as  a  Colonel. 

Moore,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1801  to  1813,  and 
again  from  1815  to  1817. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


351 


Moore,  Thomas  O.;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1860  to  1864. 

Moore,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  in  Charlotte 
County,  Virginia,  in  1795 ;  was  an  officer  in  the  War 
of  1812;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1823  to  1829 
from  Kentucky;  was  Minister  to  the  Republic  of  Co 
lombia  in  1829;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the 
Regular  Army  during  the  war  with  Mexico;  his  last 
public  position  was  that  of  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  for  revising  the  Constitution  of  Kentucky.  Died 
in  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  July  21,  1853. 

Moore,  Thomas  S.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Virginia ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1820  to  1823. 

Moore,  "William ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  25,  1810;  received 
a  common  school  education ;  worked  on  a  farm ;  was 
clerk  in  a  country  store  for  some  years;  was  subse 
quently  devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits  in  Atlantic 
County,  New  Jersey;  was,  for  nineteen  years,  agent 
of  the  Weymouth  Iron  Works;  was  for  a  time  en 
gaged  in  ship-building  and  the  coasting  trade;  was 
twice  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
for  Atlantic  County,  serving,  in  all,  ten  years;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures,  and  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Post  Office  De 
partment  Committee. 

Moore,  "William  Robert ;  was  born  at  Hunts- 
ville,  Alabama,  March  28,  1830;  received  a  very 
limited  education;  removed  to  Tennessee  when  a 
boy;  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits:  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty -seventh 
Congress;  declined  a  re-nomination. 

Moore,  "William  S.;  was  born  in  Bethlehem, 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  18, 
1822;  graduated  at  Washington  College  in  1847; 
studied  law;  was  chosen  Prothonotary  in  1854;  was 
connected  with  the  press;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revis 
ion  of  Laws. 

Moorhead,  James  Kennedy;  was  born  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  Pennsylvania,  in  1806;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  spent  the  most  of  his 
youth  on  a  farm,  and  as  an  apprentice  to  a  tanner; 
was  one  of  the  contractors  for  building  the  Susque- 
hanna  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Canal;  was  the 
originator  of  a  passenger  packet-line  on  said  canal ; 
in  1836  removed  to  Pittsburgh;  there  took  an  active 
part  in  improving  the  navigation  of  the  Monongahela; 
was  made  President  of  a  company  bearing  that  name, 
and  established  in  that  city  the  Union  Cotton  Fac 
tory;  in  1838  received  the  Militia  title  of  Adjutant- 
General;  subsequently  taking  a  great  interest  in 
the  business  of  telegraphing,  became  the  President 
of  several  telegraph  companies;  in  1859  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Special 
Committee  on  National  Armories;  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means,  and  again  at  the  head  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1868.  Died  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  March 
6,  1884. 


Moran,  Benjamin ;  was  a  citizen  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  after  receiving  a  good  education,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Clerk  at  the  United  States  Legation  in 
London.  England;  was  soon  made  Secretary;  fre 
quently  officiated  as  Charge  d' Affaires,  ad  interim;  in 
1874,  as  a  return  for  his  long  and  efficient  services, 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Portugal. 

Morehead,  Charles  S.;  was  born  in  Nelson 
County,  Kentucky  in  1802;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law;  after  practicing  it  for  a  few  years,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  serving  during  1828 
and  1829;  in  1832  was  appointed  Attorney-General 
of  Kentucky,  which  office  he  held  five  years;  in 
1838,  1839,  and  1840  was  again  returned  to  the 
Legislature,  officiating  during  the  latter  year  as 
Speaker;  was  re-elected  and  made  Speaker  in  1841; 
was  again  re-elected  in  1842  and  1844,  and  for  the 
third  time  chosen  Speaker;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1847  to  1851;  in  1853 
was  once  more  returned  to  the  Legislature;  in  1855 
was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky;  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  most  devoted  friends  and  supporters 
of  Henry  Clay;  in  1861  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace 
Convention  "  held  in  Washington.  Died  at  Green- 
ville,  Mississippi,  December  23,  1868. 

Morehead,  I.  T.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  from  1851  to  1853. 

Morehead,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Covington, 
Kentucky.  May  24,  1797;  studied  law,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  in  1818;  served  three  years  in  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1832  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Kentucky,  and  after  the  death  of  Gov 
ernor  Breathitt  in  1834,  became  Governor;  in  1837 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature:  in  1838  was 
appointed  President  of  the  Board  of  Internal  Im 
provements,  which  office  he  held  until  1841,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term 
of  six  years;  subsequently  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  Died  at  Covington,  Kentucky,  De 
cember  28,  1854. 

Morey,  Prank ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  July  11,  1840;  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1857;  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  read  law;  entered  the  army, 
and  served  principally  on  staff  duty:  settled  in 
Louisiana  in  1866,  and  engaged  in  cotton-planting 
and  in  the  insurance  business ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1868  and  1869 ;  was  appointed  a  Com 
missioner  to  revise  the  statutes  and  codes  of  the 
State;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty-second, 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Public  Lands,  Freedmen's  Affairs, 
and  Military  Affairs,  and  Chairman  of  that  on  Mis 
sissippi  Levees. 

Morey,  Henry  Lee  ;  was  born  in  Butler  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  April  8,  1841;  received  a  good  education; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  at 
taining  the  rank  of  Captain;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and  commenced  practice 
at  Hamilton,  Ohio ;  in  1871  was  elected  City  Solicitor 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of 
two  years;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  But 
ler  County  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Morgan,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Allegany 
County,  New  York,  July  5,  1842;  emigrated,  with 
his  parents,  to  Wisconsin  when  a  child;  was  educated 
at  Fond-du-lac,  and  studied  law;  served  four 
years  and  two  months  in  the  war  for  the  Union  as  a 
Volunteer;  then  began  the  practice  of  his  profession; 


362 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS 


removed  to  Missouri  and  became  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  Benton  County;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress;  was  also  elected 
to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress. 

Morgan,  Christopher;  was  born  in  Groton 
Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1828;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from 
1839  to  1843;  was  Secretary  of  State  of  New  York 
from  1848  to  1852;  was  Mayor  of  Auburn  in  1860. 

Morgan,  Daniel  ;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey 
removed  in  early  life  to  Virginia;  having  neither  the 
advantages  of  wealth  nor  of  a  good  education,  wa 
dependent  upon  manual  labor  for  his  support;  in 
1755  served  as  a  private  soldier  under  General  Brad- 
dock;  at  the  close  of  the  campaign  retired  to  a  farm 
in  Frederick  County;  at  the  commencement  of  the 
Revolution  commanded  a  troop  of  Cavalry,  under 
General  Washington,  at  Boston;  was  detached  on 
the  expedition  against  Quebec,  and  when  Arnold 
was  wounded,  took  command  of  his  division ;  the  re 
treat  of  the  other  division,  after  the  fall  of  Montgom 
ery,  left  Morgan  to  contend  with  the  whole  force  of 
the  enemy,  and  he  was  taken  prisoner;  on  being  ex 
changed,  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  regi 
ment;  was  with  General  Bates  at  the  capture  of  Bur- 
goyne;  in  1778  commanded  a  corps  on  the  Schuylkill 
to  cut  off  supplies  from  the  British  in  Philadelphia; 
served  in  the  Southern  campaign,  under  General 
Greene,  and  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-Gen 
eral,  receiving  from  Congress  a  gold  medal  for  the 
skill  and  bravery  he  displayed  at  the  battle  of  Cow- 
pens  in  the  defeat  of  Tarleton ;  in  1794  commanded 
the  Militia  of  Virginia,  ordered  out  by  President 
Washington  for  the  purpose  of  suppressing  the 
Whisky  Insurrection  in  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1799;  in  1799 
published  an  address  to  his  constituents,  vindicating 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Adams.  Died  in  Win 
chester,  Virginia,  in  1802;  aged  sixty-nine  years, 

Morgan,  Edwin  B.;  was  born  at  Aurora,  Cay- 
uga  County,  New  York,  May  2,  1806;  was  a  mer 
chant  by  occupation,  until  his  election  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  as  a  Representative;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds. 

Morgan,  Ed-win  D.;  was  born  in  Washington 
Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  February  8,  1811; 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  entered  a  wholesale  grocery 
house  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  as  a  clerk,  and  in 
three  years  became  a  partner;  soon  after  attaining 
his  majority,  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  City  Coun 
cil  of  Hartford ;  in  1836  settled  in  New  York  City 
and  was  extensively  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits'; 
in  1849  was  chosen  an  Alderman  of  the  city;  during 
the  same  year  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
served  two  terms;  in  1855  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  Emigration,  and  held  the  office  until  1858- 
was  Vice-President  of  the  "National  Republican 
Convention"  held  at  Pittsburgh  in  1856;  was  long 
Chairman  of  the  National  Republican  Committee;  in 
1858  was  elected  Governor  of  New  York,  and '  re- 
elected  in  1860;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Major-General  of  Volunteers,  and,  although 
he  rendered  much  service,  declined  all  compensation  • 
the  number  of  troops  sent  to  the  war  during  his  ad 
ministration  was  two  hundred  and  twenty-three 
thousand;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  New  York  for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving 
011  the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Manufactures,  the 


Pacific  Railroad,  Military  Affairs,  Printing,  Mines 
and  Mining.  Finance,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Library;  as  Chairman  of  the  National 
Union  Executive  Committee,  was  present  at  the 
• '  Baltimore  Convention ' '  of  1864,  and  opened  its 
proceedings;  on  the  retirement  of  Secretary  Fessen- 
den,  President  Lincoln  tendered  Mr.  Morgan  the 
Secretaryship  of  the  Treasury,  which  he  declined; 
in  1866  was  appointed  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  Loyalists'  Convention,"  but  did  not  take  any  part 
in  its  proceedings;  in  1867  received  from  Williams 
College  the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  New  York  City, 
February  14,  1883. 

Morgan,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Washington, 
Pennsylvania,  September  20,  1820;  in  1836  left  col 
lege,  and,  as  a  private,  joined  a  company  commanded 
by  his  brother,  and  went  to  assist  Texas  in  gaining 
her  independence,  in  which  service  he  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Captain;  in  1843  settled  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Ohio,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served 
in  the  Mexican  War  as  Colonel  of  the  Second  Ohio 
Infantry,  and  for  his  services  at  the  battles  of  Con- 
treras  and  Churubusco  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  Regular  Army;  in  1855  was  appointed 
Consul  at  Marseilles;  in  1858  was  appointed  Minister 
Resident  at  Lisbon;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  Re 
bellion,  as  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers,  had 
command  of  the  Seventh  Division  of  the  Army  of 
the  Ohio;  was  with  General  Sherman  at  Vicksburg; 
was  assigned  to  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  and 
was  in  command  at  the  taking  of  Fort  Henderson,  in 
Arkansas;  on  account  of  his  loss  of  health,  resigned 
his  command  in  1863;  in  1865  was  the  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Governor  of  Ohio;  in  1866  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  in  186K 
his  seat  was  contested  by  Columbus  Delano,  and  his 
claims  rejected;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and 
Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Foreign  Affairs,  Military  Affairs,  and  Reconstruc 
tion. 

Morgan,  James ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1811  to  1813. 

Morgan,  James  Bright ;  was  born  in  Lincoln 
bounty,  Tennessee,  March  14,  1835;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  De  Soto  County,  Mississippi,  in  1840, 
where  he  has  since  resided;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law  at  Hernando,  Mississippi  ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  entered  upon 
;he  practice  of  law  at  Hernando;  was  elected  Judge  of 
Probates  in  1860;  in  1861  resigned  and  was  mustered 
nto  the  Confederate  States  service  as  a  private  ;  was 
elected  Captain,  and  in  the  organization  of  the  Twen- 
.y-ninth  Mississippi  Infantry  was  elected  Major;  was 
promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel;  at  the 
lose  of  the  war  was  again  elected  Judge;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Mississippi  in  1876, 
877,  and  1878;  in  October,  1878,  was  appointed,  by 
he  Governor,  Chancellor  of  the  Third  Chancery  Dis- 
rict,  serving  four  years;  was  Grand  Master  of  Ma- 
ons  in  Mississippi;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Represent- 
tive  from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Morgan,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Queens  County, 
<few  York;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem- 
Jly;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
rom  1821  to  1825;  again  in  the  Assembly  in  1836 
nd  1840.  Died  July  29,  1849,  aged  eighty  years. 

Morgan,  John  T.;  was  born  at  Athens,  Tenues- 
ee,  June  20,  1824;  received  an  academic  education; 
emoved  to  Alabama  in  1833;  studied  law;  was  ad 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


353 


mitted  to  the  bar  in  1845,  ftnd  commenced  practice; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  in  1301  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  State  Convention  called  to  consider  the 
question  of  secession ;  entered  the  Confederate  Army 
in  that  year,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  was  again  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1876;  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  six  years  from  March,  1877,  and  re- 
elected  for  six  years  from  March,  1883. 

Morgan,  Philip  Hicky;  was  born  at  Baton 
Rouge,  Louisiana,  November  9,  1825;  received  a  good 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  in  1847;  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Second  District  Court  of  that  city,  in 
1855,  and  served,  by  re-election,  until  1861;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Louisiana,  re 
maining  in  office  under  President  Grant;  resigned 
and  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  in  1873,  serving  until  1877;  was 
then  appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  a  member,  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States,  of  the  International 
Tribunal  of  Egypt;  the  term  for  which  he  was  ap 
pointed  having  expired,  declined  a  re-appointment; 
in  January,  1880,  while  in  Rome,  Italy,  en  route  to 
the  United  States,  received  a  dispatch  from  the  Sec 
retary  of  State  notifying  him  of  his  appointment  as 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  States  to  Mexico,  and  proceeded  at 
once  to  his  post. 

Morgan,  William;  was  born  in  Monongalia 
County,  Virginia,  September  7,  1801;  was  self-edu 
cated ;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1835  to  1839,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  and  declined 
are-election;  in  1840  was  appointed  a  Clerk  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  from  which  position  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  and 
declined  a  re-election;  was  a  Democratic  Elector  in 
1844;  in  1845,  having  injured  his  health  by  public 
'  speaking,  was  appointed  to  a  Clerkship  in  the  Treas 
ury  Department. 

Morphis,  Joseph  L.;  was  born  in  McNairy 
County,  Tennessee,  April  17,  1831 ;  brought  up  as  a 
planter;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1859;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  Captain  in 
1861;  removed  to  Mississippi  in  1863;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  Mississippi  in 
1865;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1866, 
1867,  and  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  and 
Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Roads  and  Canals. 

Morrell,  Daniel  J.;  was  born  in  North  Berwick, 
Maine,  August  8,  1821;  received  a  common  school 
education ;  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  1836,  and  fol 
lowed  the  mercantile  business  as  clerk  and  principal 
until  1855,  when  he  entered  into  the  business  of 
manufacturing  iron  at  Johnstown,  Pennsylvania; 
served  for  a  time  in  the  Councils  of  the  town;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and  on 
those  on  Freedmen's  Affairs,  and  Pacific  Railroad;  in 
1875.  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition. 

Morrell,  George ;  was  born  in  Lenox,  Massachu 
setts.  March  22,  1786;  graduated  at  Williams  College 
in  1807;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1811;  settled  at 
Cooperstown,  New  York;  was  appointed  first  Judge 
of  Otsego  County  Court,  in  1827;  member  of  the  As 
sembly  in  1829;  re-appointed  Judge  in  1832;  United 

23 


States  Judge  of  Michigan  Territory  from  1832  to 
1836;  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Michigan  from 
1836  to  1843;  Chief  Justice  from  July  18,  1843,  to 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Detroit,  March  8,  1845. 

Morril,  David  L.;  was  born  in  Epping,  New 
Hampshire,  June  10,  1772;  attended  Exeter  Acad 
emy;  studied  medicine,  and  commenced  the  practice 
at  Epsom  in  1793;  also  studied  theology,  and  was 
ordained  a  pastor,  but  resigned  his  charge  in  1811, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  medicine;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  General  Court  in  1811,  1812,  and 
1816,  and  in  1816  was  chosen  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  six  years;  subsequently  became  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate,  and  its  President;  afterwards, 
for  four  successive  terms,  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  Hampshire;  wrote  and  published  many  occa 
sional  discourses  and  essays  on  various  religious  and 
secular  topics.  Died  February  4,  1849. 

Morrill,  Amos ;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Massa 
chusetts,  August  25,  1809;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College,  Maine,  in  1834;  studied  law  in  his  native 
village;  removed  to  Tennessee  in  1836;  thence  to 
Texas  in  1839;  in  1867  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Texas,  and  chosen 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Court;  in  1873  was  commissioned 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Texas. 

Morrill,  An  son  P.;  was  born  in  Belgrade,  Maine, 
June  10,  1803;  received  the  advantages  of  a  common 
school  education;  was  chiefly  devoted  to  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  pursuits ;  was,  for  several  years, 
a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature;  was  Governor  of 
Maine  in  1855;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Maine  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads, 
and  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Morrill,  Edmund  N.;  was  born  at  Westbrook, 
Maine,  February  12,  1834;  was  educated  at  West- 
brook  Seminary;  in  1856  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  School  Board  of  Westbrook;  in  March,  1857,  re 
moved  to  Brown  County,  Kansas;  in  October  of  that 
year  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  first  "  Free 
State  "  Legislature  elected  in  that  Territory;  in  1858" 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  under 
the  Lecompton  Constitution;  in  1872  was  elected  a 
State  Senator,  and  was  re-elected  in  1876;  was 
President,  pro  tempore,  of  the  Senate;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kansas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Morrill,  Justin  S.J  was  born  in  Strafford,  Ver 
mont,  April  14,  1810;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  year 
1848,  when  he  turned  his  attention  to  agriculture; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Vermont  to  the 
Thirty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-seventh,  and  Thirty-eighth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Special  Committee  on  the 
Sale  of  Fort  Snelling,  and  on  the  regular  Commit 
tees  on  Agriculture  and  on  Ways  and  Means;  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty- 
three  on  the  Rebellious  States  in  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means,  and  as  a  member  of  those  on  the 
Death  of  President  Lincoln  and  on  Reconstruction; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  in  October,  1866,  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Vermont,  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1867,  and  ending  in  1873,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Finance,  Post  Offices,  and  Claims; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in 


354 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1879,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds;  was  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1885;  was  again  re-elected  in  1885. 

Morrill,  Lot  M.;  was  born  in  Belgrade,  Kennebec 
County,  Maine,  in  1815;  entered  Waterville  College 
in  1834;  soon  afterwards  commenced  the  study  of 
law;  in  1839  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1854;  of  the  Senate  in 
1856,  and  made  its  President;  was  elected  Governor 
of  Maine  in  1858,  and  re-elected  in  1859  and  1860;  in 
1861  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Hannibal  Hamlin,  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  United  States;  served  on  the  Committees 
on  Commerce,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Claims;  was 
n  member  of  the  "  Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1863,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1869,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  Senate  and  of  that  on 
the  District  of  Columbia,  of  that  also  on  Appropria 
tions,  and  on  that  on  Indian  Affairs ;  was  also  elected 
United  States  Senator  to  succeed  William  P.  Fessen- 
den,  for  the  term  ending  in  1877,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Appropriations;  resigned  in 
1876  to  accept  the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Grant,  serving  until 
March,  1877;  was  then  appointed  Collector  of  the 
Port  of  Portland,  Maine,  in  which  office  he  remained 
until  his  death.  Died  January  10,  1883. 

Morrill,  Samuel  P.;  was  born  at  Chesterville, 
Franklin  County,  Maine,  February  11,  1816;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  adopted  the  calling  of 
a  clergyman;  in  1857  was  elected,  for  five  years, 
Register  of  Deeds  for  Franklin  County;  re-elected  to 
the  same  office  in  1867;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Morris,  Calvary ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1837  to 
1844. 

Morris,  Charles  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to 
1784. 

Morris,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Seneca  County, 
New  York,  January  4,  1812;  when  quite  young  set 
tled  in  Yates  County,  and  was  bred  a  farmer;  having 
educated  himself,  taught  school  for  a  while;  then 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  which  he  practiced 
with  success;  was  at  one  time  District  Attorney  for 
Yates  County;  served  one  term  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary  Committee. 

Morris,  Edward  Joy;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  July  15,  1817;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841,  1842,  and 
1843;  was  elected  to  the  Twenty-eighth  Congress,  as 
Representative  from  the  First  Congressional  District- 
was  appointed  United  States  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Naples  in  1850,  where  he  remained  four  years;  on  his 
return  to  Philadelphia  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  Girard  College;  in  1856  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  the  fall  of 
that  year  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  District 
of  Columbia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 


Congress;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin-' 
coin,  Minister  Resident  to  Turkey.  As  an  author 
his  publications  were  :  "A  Tour  Through  Turkey, 
j  Greece  and  Egypt,  Arabia  Petraa, ' '  etc. ;  ' '  The 
Turkish  Empire,  Social  and  Political";  "Afraja,  or 
Life  and  Love  in  Norway, "  (a  translation);  and  also  a 
translation  from  the  German  of  Gregozovius;  "  Cor 
sica,  Social  and  Political,"  etc. 

Morris,  G-OUverneur;  was  born  in  Morrisania, 
New  York,  in  1752;  graduated  at  King's  College,  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  in  1768;  was  bred  to  the  law, 
came  to  the  bar  in  1771,  and  attained  great  celebrity 
in  the  profession;  in  1775  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress  from  New  York,  and  signed  the  Ar 
ticles  of  Confederation;  was  employed  in  the  public 
service  in  various  capacties  during  the  Revolutionary 
contest,  and  in  all  of  them  displayed  great  zeal  and 
ability;  after  the  war  of  the  Revolution  retired  from 
public  life,  although  an  active  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  present  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  which  instrument  he  signed;  was  a 
Commissioner  to  England  in  1789;  was  the  second 
President  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society ;  in  1792 
was  appointed  Minister  to  France,  and  remained  in 
that  capacity  till  October,  1794;  returned  to  America  in 
1798,  and  in  1800  was  chosen  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  New  York,  serving  three  years;  after  re 
tiring  from  Congress,  spent  several  years  in  Philadel 
phia.  Died  November  6,  1816,  aged  sixty-four.  His 
publications  were  numerous.  Selections  from  his  pa 
pers,  with  a  sketch  of  his  life,  was  published  by 
Jared  Sparks. 

Morris,  Isaac  N.;  was  the  fourth  son  of  Thomas 
Morris,  and  brother  of  Jonathan  D.  Morris;  was  born 
in  Ohio,  January  22,  1812;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1835;  in  1836  emigrated  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  in  Quincy;  in  1840  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Illinois,  but  declined 
the  position;  in  1841  was  chosen  President  of  the  Illi 
nois  and  Michigan  Canal  Company;  in  1846  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  from  Adams  County ; 
in  1856  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thir 
ty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Roads  and  Canals;  in  1869  was  appointed 
a  Commissioner  for  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Morris,  James  R.;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
j  Pennsylvania,  January  10,  1820;  (his  father,  Joseph 
i  Morris,  was  a  member  of  Congress  in  1843  and  1845;) 
having  become  a  resident  of  Ohio,  was,  in  1848,  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  in  1860  was  elected  a 
I  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Cou- 
'  gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds; in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  for  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Morris,  Jonathan  D.;  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Thomas  Morris;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  senved  for  twenty  years  as  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Clermont  County,  Ohio;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1849  to  1851;  was  devoted  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession  for  many  years.  Died 
at  Connersville,  Indiana,  May  16,  1875. 

Morris,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Greene  County 
Pennsylvania,  October  16,  1795;  v:as  left  an  orphan 
at  the  age  of  ten  years,  and,  having  been  apprenticed 
to  the  trade  of  a  wheelwright,  continued  to  follow  the 
business  until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old ;  in  1824 
was  elected  Sheriff  of  his  native  county;  in  1829  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  devoted  himself  to  merchandize 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


355 


ing;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1833  and 
1834;  was  Treasurer  of  Monroe  County  for  one  year; 
while  in  that  office,  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1843, 
and  re-elected  in  1845,  serving  two  entire  terms. 
Died  at  Woodsfield,  Ohio,  October  23,  1854. 

Morris,  Lewis  ;  was  born  in  Morrisania,  New 
York,  in  1726;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1746; 
turned  his  attention  to  agriculture;  was  a  Delegate 
from  New  York  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1775  to  1777;  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence;  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
New  York ;  also  in  the  field,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Major-General  of  Militia.  Died  in  New  York,  Janu- 
uary  22,  1798.  He  was  a  man  of  great  worth  and 
usefulness,  and  left  three  sons  who  served  with  credit 
in  the  army,  and  received  the  thanks  of  Congress; 
also  had  a  son  in  the  Navy. 

Morris,  Lewis  R.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1797  to  1803.  Died  in  1825, 
aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Morris,  Mathias ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1835  to  1839,  and  was 
much  respected  for  his  talents.  Died  at  Doylestown. 
Pennsylvania,  November  9,  1839,  aged  fifty-four 
years. 

Morris,  Robert ;  was  a  native  of  England,  but 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a  boy  of  thirteen, 
and  settled  in  Philadelphia  as  a  clerk,  where  he  spent 
the  most  of  his  life  as  an  influential  merchant  and 
financier;  was  a  member  of  the  Congress  of  1776,  and 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  also  the 
Articles  of  Confederation;  in  1781  obtained  the  con 
trol  of  the  American  finances,  and  rendered  import 
ant  services  to  his  adopted  country;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  present  Constitu 
tion,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  chosen  a  United 
States  Senator,  serving  from  1789  to  1795,  having 
been  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of 
Government  on  the  Potomac;  notwithstanding  his 
valuable  services  to  his  country,  he  passed  the  latter 
years  of  his  life  in  imprisonment  for  debt;  until  the 
period  of  his  impoverishment,  his  house  has  been  the 
scene  of  most  liberal  hospitality.  Died  May  8,  1806, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 

Morris,  Robert;  was  born  in  1735;  was  Chief 
Justice  of  New  Jersey  during  the  Revolution,  and  a 
United  States  Judge  of  the  District  Court  from  1789 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  May  2,  1815. 

Morris,  Samuel  W.;  was  born  in  1788;  was,  for 
many  years,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Tioga 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress  from  1837  to 
1841.  Died  in  Wellsborough,  Pennsylvania.  May 
25,  1847. 

Morris,  Thomas ;  was  for  three  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  from  Ontario  County; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1801  to  1803. 

Morris,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  Janu 
ary  3,  1776,  and  was  the  son  of  a  Baptist  clergyman; 
when  nineteen  years  of  age  he  emigrated  to  the  val 
ley  of  the  Ohio,  and  settled  near  the  present  site  of 
Cincinnati,  but  two  years  afterwards  removed  to  the 
county  of  Clermont,  in  1802,  while  engaged  in  the 
avocation  of  a  day  laborer,  and  without  an  instruct 
or,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law,  adopted  the  pro 
fession,  and  became  eminent;  in  1806  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  and  represented  Clermont 
County,  either  in  the  Senate  or  House,  for  a  period  of 


twenty-four  years,  doing  much  to  develop  the  re 
sources  of  his  adopted  State;  was  Chief  Judge  of 
Ohio;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  long 
term  from  1833  to  1839.  Died  December  7,  1844. 
His  life  and  collected  speeches  and  writings  have 
been  published  in  one  volume,  under  the  supervision 
of  his  son,  Rev.  B.  F.  Morris;  while  in  Congress,  he 
ably  defended  the  freedom  of  the  press,  the  freedom 
of  speech,  and  the  right  of  petition;  Isaac  N.  and 
Jonathan  D.  Morris  were  his  sons. 

Morris,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  at  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  September  24,  1837;  received  a  collegiate 
education,  graduating  from  Harvard  University  in 
1856;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Maryland 
bar  in  1859;  engaged  in  practice  at  Baltimore,  and 
continued  therein  until  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Judge  for  the  District  of  Maryland,  in  June, 
1879. 

Morrison,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1850  to  1851,  and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

Morrison,  James  L.  D.;  was  born  in  Illinois; 
studied  law  and  practiced  for  many  years;  served  as  an 
officer  in  the  Mexican  War;  was  elected  to  the  Sen 
ate  of  Illinois  in  1854;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  during  the  third  session  of  tho 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy  occurring 
in  the  Eighth  District ;  subsequently  traveled  in 
Europe. 

Morrison,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Morrison,  "William  R.;  was  born  in  Monroo 
County,  Illinois,  September  14,  1825;  received  a  lib 
eral  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1852  was  chosen  Clerk  of  Monroe  County,  which 
office  he  resigned  to  go  into  the  State  Legislature, 
where  he  served  three  years;  was  Speaker  of  tho 
House  in  1859;  served  as  a  private  in  the  Mexican 
War,  fighting  under  Colonel  Bissell  at  Buena  Vista; 
after  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  organized  the  Forty- 
ninth  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers,  and  was  severely 
wounded  at  Fort  Donelson;  while  in  command  of  hi.s 
regiment  in  the  field  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  the  Militia;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of 
1866,  and  the  "New  York  Convention"  of  1868; 
also  re-elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourtli 
Congresses,  serving  on  various  committees;  in  De 
cember,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Ways  and  Means;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth, 
and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Morrissey,  John;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Templemore,  Tipperary  County,  Ireland,  February 
12,  1831 ;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  when  five 
years  of  age,  and,  for  many  years,  resided  at  Troy 
and  Lausingburg,  in  New  York;  worked  for  a  time 
in  a  paper-mill,  and  afterwards  learned  the  trade  of 
a  brush  manufacturer;  was  subsequently  engaged  as 
deck  hand  on  a  Hudson  River  steamer,  and  then  be 
came  a  runner  for  a  steamboat  company  in  New  York 
City;  in  1852  made  his  first  appearance  in  California 
as  a  professional  gladiator  or  pugilist;  returning  to 
New  York,  participated  in  several  encounters,  which 
gave  him  a  wide  reputation  in  the  sporting  world, 
and,  after  winning  the  "Championship,"  in  1858, 
relinquished  the  profession;  subsequently  entered 
politics;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on 


356 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868;  in 
1875ewas  elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York.  Died 
(May  1,  1878. 

Morrow,  Jeremiah  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1770;  removed  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  now 
the  State  of  Ohio,  in  1795;  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1800;  was  the  first  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  serving  from  1803 
to  1813;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1819; 
in  1814  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Indians;  in  1821  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was 
Governor  of  Ohio  from  1822  to  1826,  subsequently  a 
Canal  Commissioner;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1840 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  Thomas  Corwin;  served 
also  as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1841  to 
1843,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands;  for  several  years  before  his  death  was 
President  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad  Company. 
Died  in  Ohio,  March  22,  1852. 

Morrow,  William  W.;  was  born  near  Milton, 
Wayne  County,  Indiana,  July  15,  1843;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Illinois  in  1845,  and  settled  in 
Adams  County;  went  to  California  in  1859;  received 
a  common  school  education,  supplemented  by  private 
tuition  in  special  branches;  in  the  spring  of  1862 
joined  a  party  which  discovered  gold  placers  on  the 
headwaters  of  the  John  Day  River  in  Oregon;  en 
gaged  in  mining  for  a  time;  returned  East  in  Janu 
ary,  1863,  intending  to  pursue  a  course  of  studies  in 
some  Eastern  college,  but  the  active  operations  of 
the  Government  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  drew 
him  to  Washington,  where  he  was  appointed  to  a 
position  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ; 
served  in  the  National  Rifles,  a  military  organization 
raised  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  appointed 
Special  Agent  of  the  Treasury  Department  in  Janu 
ary,  1865;  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1869,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  As 
sistant  United  States  Attorney  for  California  from 
1870  to  1874;  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Cen 
tral  Committee  of  California  from  18>9  to  1882;  At 
torney  for  the  State  Board  of  Harbor  Commissioners 
from  1880  to  1883;  Chairman  of  the  California  Dele 
gation  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  in  1884; 
in  that  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Cali 
fornia  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Morse,  Freeman  H.;  was  born  in  Bath,  Maine, 
February  18,  1807;  was  in  the  State  Legislature  from 
1840  to  1844,  and  also  in  1853  and  1856;  was  Mayor 
of  Bath  three  years;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1843, 
serving  one  term;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Maine,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Cost  of  Public  Printing, 
and  that  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious 
States;  was  a  member  of  the  "Peace  Congress"  of 
1861;  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Consul 
at  London. 

Morse,  Isaac  Edwards  ;  was  born  in  New  Or 
leans,  Louisiana,  in  1809;  was  educated  at  Partridge's 
Military  Academies  at  Norwich,  in  Vermont,  and  at 
Miihlletown,  in  Connecticut;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  18:29;  studied  law  in  New  Orleans,  and 
in  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  from  Louis 
iana  in  the  Twenty-eighth,  Twenty-ninth,  Thirtieth, 
and  Thirty-first  Congresses;  was  subsequently  At 
torney-General  of  Louisiana.  Died  In  New  Orleans, 
February  11,  1866. 


Morse,  Leopold;  was  born  at  WachenheimT 
Bavaria,  August  15,  1831 ;  received  a  common  school 
education;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  early  in 
life;  became  a  merchant  in  Boston,  Massachusetts; 
was  twice  a  Delegate  to  Democratic  National  Con 
ventions;  was  twice  defeated  as  a  Candidate  for  Con 
gress;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty -seventh,, 
and  Forty -eighth  Congresses. 

Morse,  O.  A.;  was  born  in  Cherry  Valley,  Otse- 
go  County,  New  York,  March  26, 1815;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College,  New  York;  studied  law;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Morsell,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland,  January  10,  1775;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia,  where  he  continued  to 
reside;  served  as  a  volunteer  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812;  in  1816  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison, 
a  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1863, 
when  that  court  was  abolished  to  make  way  lor  the 
new  order  of  affairs;  he  numbered  among  his  inti 
mate  friends  such  men  as  Francis  Key,  Roger  Taneyr 
and  Walter  Jones;  was  also  personally  acquainted 
with  George  Washington.  Died,  after  a  long  life  of 
honor  and  usefulness,  at  the  residence  of  his  daughter 
in  Prince  George  County,  Maryland,  January  11, 
1870,  having,  on  the  preceding  day,  completed  his 
ninety-fifth  year. 

Morton,  Jackson ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moving  to  Florida,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1849  to  1855;  subsequently  entered 
extensively  into  the  business  of  manufacturing  lum 
ber  in  Florida;  served  in  the  Rebellion  as  a  menibei 
of  the  Confederate  Congress. 

Morton,  Jeremiah;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1851. 

Morton,  John ;  was  born  in  Ridley,  Delaware 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1724;  passed  his  boyhood 
on  his  father's  farm;  received  a  common  English 
education;  in  1764  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace;  was  soon  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  the 
State;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Congress  in 
1765;  in  1767  became  a  County  Sheriff,  holding  the 
office  three  years;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court ; 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to 
1777.  Died  in  April  of  the  latter  year.  His  dying 
words  were  uttered  in  behalf  of  his  distracted 
country. 

Morton,  Levi  Parsons ;  was  born  at  Stonehamr 
Vermont,  May  16,  1824;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  became  a  merchant  in  Hanover,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1845;  removed  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  iii 
1850,  and  to  New  York  in  1854;  in  1863  engaged  in 
the  business  of  banking,  in  New  York,  and  in  Lon 
don,  England;  was  appointed  an  Honorary  Commis 
sioner  to  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress;  resigned  in  March,  1881,  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France. 

Morton,  Marcus  ;  was  born  in  Freetown,  Massa 
chusetts,  December  19,  1784;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  18i)4;  studied  law,  and  devoted  himself 
to  politics;  in  1811  was  chosen  Clerk  of  the  Massa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


357 


chusctts  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1817  to  1821;  in  1823  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  that  State;  in 
1824  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go vernor;  was  sub 
sequently  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massa 
chusetts  from  1825  to  1840;  was  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1840  to  1841,  and  again  from  1813  to 
1844,  chosen  each  time  by  one  vote;  was  Collector  of 
Boston  from  1845  to  1849;  was  a  member  of  the 
"Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1853;  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1858.  Died  at  Taunton, 
February  6,  1864. 

Morton,  Oliver  P.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Indiana,  August  4,  1823;  was  educated  at  the  Miami 
University;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1847; 
in  1852  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  of  the  Fifth 
\  Judicial  Circuit  of  Indiana;  in  1856  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  for  the  office  of  Governor  of  In 
diana,  but  was  defeated;  in  1860  he  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Indiana;  and  in  1861,  on  the 
transfer  of  Governor  H.  S.  Lane  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  assumed  the  office  of  Governor  and  held  it 
i'our  years;  in  1864  was  elected  Governor  for  a 
second  term;  in  1865,  on  account  of  his  having  been 
stricken  with  paralysis,  visited  Europe  in  the  hope 
of  improving  his  health;  returned  in  1866  and,  in 
spite  of  continued  ill-health,  resumed  his  executive 
duties;  in  June,  1866,  while  seated  in  his  chair,  de 
livered  a  political  speech  which  created  much  en 
thusiasm  in  the  State,  and  of  which  more  than  a 
million  copies  were  published  in  pamphlet  form; 
•on  the  subsequent  meeting  of  the  Legislature, 
in  January,  1867,  was  elected,  by  a  remarkable  vote, 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1873, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Relations, 
Agriculture,  Military  Aft'airs,  and  Private  Land 
Claims;  in  1870  was  tendered  the  Mission  to  England, 
but  declined;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1879,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
•Committees  on  Privileges  and  Elections.  Died  at 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  November  1,  1877. 

Moseley,  Jonathan  Ogden  ;  was  born  at  East 
Haddam,  Middlesex  County,  Connecticut;  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1780;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1805  to 
1821;  subsequently  removed  to  Michigan,  and  died  at 
•Saginaw,  in  that  State,  September  9,  1839,  aged 
seventy-seven  years. 

Moseley,  William  A.;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1816;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly  in  1835;  of  the  State  Senate  from  1838  to  1841, 
.and  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1847. 

Moseley,  "William  D.;  was  Governor  of  Florida 
from  1845  to  1849. 

Moses,  F.  J.,  Jr.;  was  Governor  of  South  Caro 
lina  from  1873  to  1875. 

Mosgrove,  James ;  was  born  at  Kittanning, 
Pennsylvania,  July  14,  1821;  received  a  common 
school  education;  engaged  in  the  iron  business,  and 
became  President  of  the  Kittanning  Iron  Company; 
also  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Kittan 
ning;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Motley,  John  Lothrop  ;  was  born  in  Dorches 
ter,  Massachusetts,  April  15, 1814;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1831;  spent  a  year  at  each  of  the 
Universities  of  Gottingen  and  Berlin;  afterward  trav 
eled  in  Italy,  and  then  returned  to  America,  where 
he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836; 


in  1839  published  "  Morton's  Hope.,"  a  novel;  in  1840 
|  he  was  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Russia,  but  soon  re 
turned;  in  1849  wrote  "Merry  Mount,"  and  also 
contributed  articles  to  the  New  York  Review  on  Do 
Tocqueville's  Democracy,  and  Goethe's  writings;  and 
to  the  North  American  Review  on  Peter  the  Great; 
went  to  Europe  in  1851  to  gather  materials  for  a  his 
tory  of  the  "  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Dutch  Republic," 
which  was  published  at  London  in  1856;  the  work 
was  translated  into  the  Dutch,  German,  and  French 
languages,  with  an  introduction  by  Guizot  in  the  lat 
ter;  in  1861  published  the  "United  Netherlands"; 
was  a  member  of  the  Institute  of  France,  and  other, 
learned  societies  of  Europe  and  America;  in  18(31' 
published  in  the  London  Times  an  essay  on  "  The 
Causes  of  the  American  Civil  War";  in  1868  deliv 
ered  an  address  on  Historic  Progress  and  American 
Democracy;  in  November,  1866,  was  appointed  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary  to  Austria;  was  recalled  in  1867; 
was  Minister  to  England  from  April,  1869,  to  No 
vember,  1870. 

Mott,  Gordon  N.;  was  born  in  Zancsville,  Ohio, 
October  21,  1812;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1836;  during  the  troubles  between  Mexico  and  Texas 
in  that  year,  served  nine  months  as  a  volunteer  in  the 
Texan  service;  soon  after  returned  to  Ohio,  and  set 
tled  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Miami  Coun 
ty;  served  as  a  Captain  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  hav 
ing  raised  the  company  he  commanded,  after  which 
he  again  returned  to  his  native  State;  in  1849  emi 
grated  to  California;  in  1850  was  elected  Judge  of 
Sutter  County:  in  1851  was  appointed  a  District 
Judge;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nevada  Territory; 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  that  Territory 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Mott,  James  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1801  to  1805;  had  previously 
been  Treasurer  of  the  State,  and  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1809. 

Mott,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Mamaroneck,  West- 
chester  County,  New  York,  July  21,  1804;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Quaker  Seminary  of  "  Nine  Partners," 
in  Dutchess  County,  New  York;  bred  a  merchant;  re 
moved  to  Toledo,  Ohio;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -fifth 
Congress. 

Motte,  Isaac ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1782. 

Moulton,  Mace;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
was  Sheriifof  Hillsborough  County  in  1845;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845 
to  1847;  a  State  Counselor  in  1848  and  1849. 

Moulton,  Samuel  W.|  was  born  in  Wenham, 
Massachusetts,  January  20,  1822;  received  a  common 
school  education;  after  spending  some  years  in  the 
Southern  States,  settled  in  Illinois  in  1845;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Illi 
nois  Legislature  from  1852  to  1859;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1856;  was  the  author  of  the  present  com 
mon  school  system  of  the  State;  was  chosen  President 
of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Illinois  in  1859,  and 
held  the  position  in  1864,  when  he  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Territories,  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Navy  Department,  and  also  on  those 
on  the  Bureau  of  Education  and  Free  Schools  in  the 
District  of  Columbia;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-sev 
enth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth, 
Congress. 


358 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Moultrie,  William ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1731;  received  a  good  education;  in  1761  was  Cap 
tain  in  the  Cherokee  Expedition;  member  of  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress  in  1775;  was  promoted  to  Colonel  in 
1775;  by  planting  a  battery  at  Haddrill's  Point  com 
pelled  two  British  vessels  to  move  off;  was  a  member 
of  the  Council  of  Safety;  in  1776  was  ordered  to  Sul 
livan's  Island,  and  his  defense  of  Fort  Moultrie  won 
for  him  great  renown;  in  1776  was  made  Brigadier- 
>  General;  in  1779  defeated  a  superior  British  force 
/near  Beaufort;  the  same  year  opposed  the  advance 
upon  Charleston,  and  held  the  city  until  the  approach 
of  General  Lincoln;  also  distinguished  himself  in 
1780  at  Charleston,  and  was  imprisoned  until  ex 
changed  for  General  Burgoyne;  was  Major-General  in 
1782;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1785  to 
1786,  and  from  1794  to  1796;  while  a  prisoner,  he 
ivrote  his  "Memoirs."  Died  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  September  27,  1805. 

Mouton,  Alexander ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1837  to  1841 ;  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1841  to  1845;  took  part  in  the  Re 
bellion,  and  was  killed  on  the  Red  River,  April  9, 
1864. 

Mower,  Horace;  was  born  in  Vermont;  removed 
to  Michigan,  from  which  State  he  was  appointed  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the 
Territory  of  New  Mexico,  residing  at  Santa  Fe. 

Mo  wry,  Daniel,  Jr.;  was  a  resident  of  Smith- 
field,  Rhode  Island,  which  he  represented  in  the 
Colonial  General  Assembly  at  the  time  they  passed 
the  act  which  renounced  allegiance  to  the  king;  was 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Rhode  Island ; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  that  State  in  1781;  although  the  intention  was 
to  keep  only  two  Delegates  in  Congress,  four  were 
elected,  with  instructions  to  serve  alternately,  each 
couple  for  six  months;  Varnum  and  Mo  wry  were  to 
have  the  first  six  months,  and  Collins  and  Ellery  the 
second. 

Mudd,  Ignatius ;  was  appointed  Commissioner 
of  Public  Buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia  in 
1850,  holding  the  position  until  1851. 

Muhlenberg,  Francis  Samuel ;  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  April  22,  1795;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation;  studied  law;  was  Private  Secretary  to  Gov 
ernor  Heister  of  Pennsylvania;  removed  to  Ohio;  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  was 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  in  the  Twentieth  Con 
gress.  Died  in  Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  in  1832. 

Muhlenberg,  Frederick  Augustus;  was  born 
at  the  Trappe,  Pennsylvania,  June  2,  1750;  was  or 
dained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in 
Germany ;  on  his  return  to  the  United  States  offici 
ated  in  country  churches  in  Pennsylvania,  and  in  a 
church  in  New  York  City,  which  he  left  when  the 
British  entered;  in  1779  and  1780  was  elected  to  the 
Continental  Congress  by  the  Legislature  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  for  three  years  succeeding  was  a  member  and 
Speaker  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  member  and 
President  of  the  Council  of  Censors,  and  took  an 
efficient  part  in  calling  the  Convention  of  1790,  which 
revised  the  State  Constitution ;  was  President  of  the 
State  Convention  called  to  consider  the  ratification  of 
the  Federal  Constitution,  to  which  he  gave  an  earnest 
support;  was  a  member  of  the  First,  Second,  Third, 
and  Fourth  Congresses;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
the  First  and  Third  Congresses;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
1'otoruac;  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the 


Whole,  he  gave  his  casting  vote  in  favor  of  the  law 
required  to  carry  Jay's  Treaty  into  effect;  was  Regis 
ter  of  the  Land  Office  of  Pennsylvania,  under  Govern 
ors  Miffliu  and  McKean,  while  holding  which  office 
he  died  at  Lancaster,  June  4,  1801. 

Muhlenberg,  Henry  Augustus ;  son  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Henry  Ernestus  and  nephew  of  J.  P.  G.  and  F.  A. 
Muhlenberg;  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
May  13,  1782;  was  carefully  educated  by  his  very 
learned  father;  was  ordained  to  the  Lutheran  Min 
istry  in  1802;  was  called  to  Trinity  Church,  Reading, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1802,  and  remained  a  most  accepta 
ble  pastor  of  that  congregation  until  1828,  when  ill- 
health  and  other  causes  compelled  him  to  abandon 
the  ministry;  was  President  of  the  Lutheran  Minis- 
teriurn  of  Pennsylvania,  as  his  father  and  grandfather 
had  been  before  him;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  Congress  in  1828,  and  served 
from  March  4,  1829,  until  February,  1838,  when  he 
resigned  his  seat  and  accepted  the  Mission  to  Aus 
tria,  about  that  time  created;  President  Van  Bnren 
tendered  him  the  post  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  when 
forming  his  Cabinet,  and  the  Mission  to  Russia,  both 
of  which  he  declined;  in  1835  was  the  candidate  of  sv 
portion  of  the  Democratic  party  for  Governor;  in  1838 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Austria;  in  1840  was  re 
called,  at  his  own  request;  in  1844  was  nominated 
for  the  Governorship  by  the  Democratic  party,  but 
during  the  canvass  died  suddenly  at  Reading,  on  the 
12th  of  August  of  that  year;  he  was  greatly  beloved 
by  the  people,  and  richly  deserved  their  esteem  as  an 
upright  man  and  able  statesman. 

Muhlenberg,  Henry  Augustus,  Jr.;  was  born 
at  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  in  July,  1823;  received  an 
excellent  education,  availing  himself  to  the  fullest 
extent  of  every  advantage  offered  him;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College;  studied  law  for  four  years,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July,  1844;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1848,  of  which  body  he  at  once 
became  a  leading  member;  wrote  a  Life  of  General 
Muhlenberg;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress,  in  which  body  he  appeared  but  for 
one  day;  attacked  with  typhoid  fever,  he  was  never 
able  to  resume  his  seat,  and  died  at  Washington, 
January  9,  1854,  to  the  great  regret  of  a  constituency 
which  anticipated  for  him  a  long  and  distinguished 
career  in  the  public  service. 

Muhlenberg,  John  Peter  Gabriel ;  was  born 
at  the  Trappe,  Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1746;  was 
sent  to  Halle,  in  Germany,  with  his  two  younger 
brothers,  Frederick  A.  and  Henry  E. ,  in  1762,  to  be  edu 
cated;  the  three  brothers  were  devoted  to  the  Chris 
tian  ministry.  Peter  was  ordained  Deacon  in  the 
Church  of  England,  on  April  21,  1772,  by  the  Bishop 
of  London;  a  few  days  after,  Priest,  in  company  with 
William  White,  afterwards  Bishop;  returning  to 
America,  was  settled  over  a  charge  in  Dnnmore,  New 
Shenandoah  County,  Virginia;  in  1774  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Burgesses  of  that  Colony;  at  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  Revolution  his  ardent  sympathies  with 
it  carried  him  into  the  army;  in  his  farewell  sermon 
he  told  his  people,  "There  was  a  time  for  all  things — 
a  time  to  preach  and  a  time  to  fight,  and  that  now 
was  the  time  to  fight";  raised  the  Eighth  Virginia 
Regiment,  and  was  made  its  Colonel;  his  first  cam 
paign  was  in  South  Carolina  and  Georgia;  on  Febru 
ary  21,  1777,  was  made  Brigadier-General,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  with  distinguished  gallantry  at 
Brandywine,  Germantown,  Morimouth,  Stony  Point, 
in  Virginia,  and  at  Yorktown,  where  he  commanded 
the  First  Brigade  of  Light  Infantry,  in  making  the 
final  assault  with  which  he  was  wounded;  in  the 
J*ot  promotion  was  made  Major-General;,  after  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


359 


war  was  elected  Vice-President  of  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1797;  was  a  member  of  the 
First,  Third,  and  Sixth  Congresses,  from  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  United  States  Senator  in  1801,  which 
office  he  resigned  in  1802;  was  appointed  Supervisor 
of  Revenue  for  Pennsylvania  in  that  year;  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia,  while 
holding  which  office  he  died,  October  1,  1807. 

Muldrow,  Henry  L.;  was  born  in  Mississippi; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Mississippi;  was  ad- 
""juitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
Df  law;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  from  1831  4o 
\865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  District  At 
torney  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  the  State, 
from  1869  to  1871;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Muller,  Nicholas ;  was  born  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Luxembourg,  Germany,  November  15,  18i>6; 
received  a  common  school  education,  and  attended 
Luxembourg  Atheneum;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  engaged  in  Railroad  business;  was  a  pro 
moter  of,  and  Director  in,  the  Germania  Bank  of  New 
York  City;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  in 
1875  and  1876;  of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Com 
mittee  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Con 
gresses;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty -eighth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Mullin,  Joseph  ;  was  a  native  of  Ireland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Mullins,  James  ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Tennessee.  September  15,  1807;  received  a  limited 
education  while  working  on  his  father's  farm;  on  be 
coming  of  age  turned  his  attention  to  the  milling 
business,  and  subsequently  became  a  millwright, 
which  business  he  followed  until  1829;  in  1831  was 
made  a  Colonel  of  Militia;  from  1840  to  1846  was  a 
County  Sheriff;  in  1862,  on  account  of  his  devotion  to 
the  Union,  was  compelled  to  flee  from  his  home  for 
safety,  and  resided  within  the  Federal  lines  at  Nash 
ville;  became  a  Staff  Officer,  and  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Murfreesborough;  also  took  part  in  the 
ussault  on  Hoover's  Gap;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
''Nashville  Convention"  of  1865;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  the  same  year,  and  made 
Speaker;  in  1887  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Territories,  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions. 

Mumford,  George  ;  was  born  in  Rowan  County, 
North  Carolina;  represented  it  in  the  General  Assem 
bly  in  1810  and  1811;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1817  to  1819.  Died  in  Washington,  De 
cember  31,  1818,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

/  Mumford,  Gurdon  S.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1805  to  1811. 

Mungen,  William;  was  born  in  Baltimore. 
Maryland,  May  12,  1821 ;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Ohio  in  1830;  received  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  from  his  mother,  but  afterwards  obtained  a 
knowledge  of  the  Latin  and  German  languages;  spent 
his  youth  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was,  for  some  years,  the 
publisher  and  editor  of  the  Democratic  Courier,  pub- 
'  lished  in  Findlay,  O'.iio;  in  1846  and  1848  was  chosen 


a  County  Auditor;  in  1851  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  and  declined  a  re-elev:tion ;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  "  Cincinnati  Convention  "  of  1856,  to 
the  "Charleston  and  Baltimore  Conventions  "  of  1860, 
and  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Conven 
tion"  of  1866;  served  during  the  Rebellion  under 
General  Sherman,  as  Colonel  of  the  Fifty -seventh 
Ohio  Volunteers,  which  he  recruited,  from  1861  to 
1863,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill-health;  on 
recovering  his  health  was  appointed  the  State  Agent 
to  visit  all  the  Ohio  troops  in  the  Department  of  Ten 
nessee  with  poll-books  and  tally-sheets;  in  1864  was 
appointed  to  perform  the  same  duty  for  the  Ohio 
troops  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  in  18(i6  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Niagara 
Ship  Canal,  the  Union  Prisoners,  and  Indian  Affairs; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress. 

Munroe,  James ;  wras  born  in  Virginia;  gradu 
ated  at  West  Point  in  1815;  having  removed  to  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  serving  from  1839  to  1841;  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1850  and  1852,  and 
a  State  Senator  during  the  three  subsequent  years. 
Died  in  New  Jersey  in  1870. 

Munroe,  Thomas ;  became  a  citizen  of  Wash 
ington  about  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  Seat  of 
Government  from  Philadelphia,  and  in  1802  was  ap 
pointed  Superintendent,  or  Commissioner,  of  Public 
Buildings  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Munson,  Lyman  B.;  was  appointed  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Montana. 

Murch,  Thompson  H.;  was  born  at  Hampden, 
Maine,  March  29,  1838;  received  a  common  school 
education;  passed  his  early  life  at  sea;  learned  the 
trade  of  a  stone-cutter  and  followed  it  for  eighteen 
years;  in  1877  became  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
The  Granite-Cutters'  International  Journal;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Murfree,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Hertford 
County,  North  Carolina;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  in 
1801,  and,  having  studied  law,  was  a  successful  ad 
vocate;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1805;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1817;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1813;  in  1825  emigrated  to 
Tennessee,  and  died  soon  after  at  Nashville. 

Murphy,  Charles ;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to 
1853. 

Murphy,  Henry  C.;  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  in  1810;  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in 
1830;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833;  was  at  one  time  Attorney  for  the  City  of 
Brooklyn;  was  elected  Mayor  of  that  city  in  1842; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1843  to  1849;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Minister  to  The  Hague;  in  his  tastes 
he  was  decidedly  literary,  and  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  the  investigation  of  the  early  history  of 
his  native  State;  on  his  return  from  Europe  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New  York,  serving  in 
both  the  Assembly  and  Senate;  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention"  of  1867; 
and  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1868 
and  1869;  in  1868  published  a  translation  from  the 
Duteh  entitled  "  Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  New  York, 
in  1679,  1680";  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York 
Convention  of  that  year. 


360 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Murphy,  Isaac ;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas  fron 
1864  to  1868. 

Murphy,  Jeremiah  H.;  was  horn  at  Lowell 
Massachusetts,  February  19,  1835;  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  at 
the  State  University  of  Iowa,  having  removed  to  the 
latter  State  in  1853;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1858;  was  Mayor  of  Davenport,  Iowa, 
in  1873;  was  a  State  Senator  from  1874  to  1878;  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1876;  was  again  elected 
Mayor  of  Davenport  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

'  Murphy,  John  ;  was  a  native  of  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College  in  1808; 
was  Clerk  of  the  Senate  of  South  Carolina:  Trustee 
of  his  A  ma  Mater;  removed  to  Alabama  in  1817; 
was  Governor  of  Alabama  from  1825  to  1829,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1833  to  1835.  Died  in  Clark  County,  Alabama, 
September  21,  1841,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his 
age. 

Murphy,  John  L.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Montana,  residing  in  Vir 
ginia  City. 

Murphy,  William  S.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio; 
in  1843  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Re 
public  of  Texas,  and  died  at  Galveston,  July  13, 

18:4. 

Murrah,  Pendleton;  was  born  in  Alabama; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1848;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Texas  from  1833  to  1865.  Died  at  Monterey, 
Mexico,  September  23,  1865. 

Murray,  Ambrose  S.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

Murray,  Eli  H.;  was,  for  a  time,  United  States 
Marshal  for  Kentucky;  in  March,  1880,  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President,  Hayes,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Utah  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Murray,  John  ;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1817  to  1821. 

Murray,  John  L.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1838  to  1839. 

Murray,  Robert  M.;  was  born  at  Concord,  Lake 
County,  Ohio,  November  28,  1841;  was  educated  at 
Wi  I  lough  by,  in  Lake  County,  until  sixteen  years  of 
age;  then  went  to  Oberlin  College  and  remained  two 
years;  served  in  the  Union  Army  one  year;  at  the 
close  of  the  war  attended  Law  College  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  graduated  from  that  institution;  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  for  a  short  time,  and  then  Ije- 
came  Cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Paines- 
ville,  Ohio,  in  which  position  he  remained  from  1870 
to  1879;  resigned  and  removed  to  Piqua,  Ohio,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  farm  implements; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress. 

Murray,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Northumber 
land  County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1821  to  1823. 

Murray,  William  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
•  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1851  to  1855. 


Murray,  William  Vans ;  was  born  in  Mary 
land  about  the  year  1761;  in  1783  went  to  London; 
entered  as  a  student  of  law  at  the  Temple,  and  re 
mained  three  years;  on  returning  to  his  native  State 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  soon  elected  to  a 
seat  in  the  Legislature;  in  1791  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  1797,  when  he  declined  being  a  candidate;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washington,  Minister  to  the 
Netherlands;  in  connection  with  Mr.  Ellsworth  and 
Mr.  Davie,  negotiated  a  treaty  with  France  in  1800; 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1801.  Died  Decem 
ber  11,  1803.  He  possessed  great  keenness  of  wit 
and  delicacy  of  taste,  and  was  distinguished  for  his 
eloquence,  having  a  mind  well  stored  with  science 
and  literature. 

Mutchler,  William  ;  was  born  in  Northampton 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  21,  1831;  was  reared 
on  a  farm:  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law  at  Easton,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  that  place;  in 
1860  was  elected  Prothonotary  of  his  native  county, 
and  re-elected  in  1863;  was,  for  two  years,  an  As 
sessor  of  Internal  Revenue;  in  1869  and  1870  was 
Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Committee;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  in  December,  1875. 
was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Interior  Department;  was  again  a 
Representative  in  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Myers,  Amos ;  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  April  23.  1824;  received  a  good  aca 
demic  education;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1846;  in  1847  was  appointed  a  District  Attorney;  in 
1852  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
<>f  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

Myers,  Leonard ;  was  born  in  Attleborough. 
Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  13,  1827; 
received  a  liberal  education  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  Solicitor  for  two  Municipal  Dis 
tricts  in  Philadelphia;  codified  the  ordinances  for  the 
consolidation  of  the  city;  translated  several  works 
from  the  French;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Patents  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Patents,  Expenditures  in  the  Post 
Office  Department,  and  the  Special  Committee  on  the 
Civil  Service;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
ind  was  placed  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs 
and  Patents;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding 
Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Patents. 

Myers,  William  R.;  was  born  in  Clinton  Coun- 
;y,  Ohio,  June  12,  1836;  removed  to  Madison  County, 
Indiana,  in  1848 ;  his  childhood  and  youth  were 
massed  upon  a  farm ;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  in  185!)  learned  the  trade  of  a  painter;  fol- 
owed  this  avocation  during  the  summer  and  taught 
school  during  the  winter  seasons  until  1861;  in  1858 
was  elected  Surveyor  of  Madison  County  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  until  he  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army  in  1861;  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to 
;he  rank  of  Captain;  'after  the  close  of  the  war  again 
taught  school;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1871;  in  1868  and  1869  was  Superintend- 
snt  of  the  Public  Schools  of  Anderson,  Indiana,  and 
•emained  a  member  of  the  School  Board  until  elected 
o  Congress;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  lu- 
diana  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Nabers,  Benjamin  D.;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
on  removing  to  Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to 


Convention  of  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fafth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses;  in  1883  was  appointed,  by  Presi- 
1853;  returning  to  Tennessee,  was  a  Presidential  dent  Arthur,  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury,  in  which  po- 
Elector,  in  1861,  from  that  State.  sition  he  served  until  1885. 


Nance,  Albinus ;  was  born  at  La  Fayette,  Stark 
Count},  Illinois,  March  30,  1848;  received  a  good 
education,  taking  a  part  of  the  classical  course  at 
Knox  College,  Illinois;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
throughout  the  Civil  War;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  in  1871  removed  to  Nebraska,  and 
continued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1875,  1876, 
1877,  and  1878,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House  the 
two  latter  years;  was  Chairman  of  the  Nebraska 
Delegation  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1876;  was  elected  Governor  of  Nebraska  in  1878,  and 
re-elected  in  1880. 

Nash,  Abner;  was  of  Welsh  descent,  and  born 
in  Prince  Edward  County,  Virginia;  was  educated 
for  the  bar;  was  the  first  elected  Speaker  of  the  North 
Carolina  Senate,  serving  several  terms;  was  the  sec 
ond  Governor  of  the  State  under  the  Constitution,  in 
1781;  from  1782  to  1785  was  in  the  Assembly;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782  to 
1786.  Died  in  New  York,  December  2,  1786,  while 
on  his  way  to  Philadelphia  to  take  his  seat  in  Con 
gress.  He  was  a  true  patriot,  sparing  neither  health 
nor  property  in  the  cause  of  his  country. 

Nash,  C.  E.;  was  born  at  Opelousas,  Parish  of 
St.  Landry,  Louisiana,  May  23,  1844;  received  a 
common  school  education  in  New  Orleans;  enlisted 
as  a  private  soldier  in  the  Corps  d1  Afrique  in  1863, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Sergeant-Major  of 
the  regiment;  lost  a  leg  at  Fort  Blakely,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1865;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Naudain,  Arnold;  was  born  in  Delaware; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1806;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1829  to  1836. 
Died  in  Odessa,  Delaware,  January  4,  1872. 

Naylor,  Charles ;  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  October  6,  18J6;  was 
educat  d  a  lawyer;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Phila 
delphia  in  1828,  and  was  for  some  years  extensively 
engaged  in  practice;  represented  his  native  District 
in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841;  in  1846  raised,  in 
Philadelphia,  a  company  of  volunteers,  and,  as  their 
Captain,  took  part  in  the  war  with  Mexico;  rendez 
voused  at  the  Island  of  Lobos,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico; 
landed  with  the  invading  army  at  Vera  Cruz;  was 
active  in  the  operations  before  that  city,  and  in  most 
of  the  engagements  in  General  Scott's  line;  after  the 
capture  of  the  City  of  Mexico,  September  14,  1847, 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the  National  Palace  (the 
''Halls  of  the  Montezumas"),  and  keeper  of  the 
archives  and  property  of  that  Republic,  and  continued 
to  hold  that  place  and  to  aid  in  the  administration  of 
the  government  of  the  city  until  its  final  evacuation 
by  the  American  Army,  June  12,  1848;  filled  many 
posts  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  native  State.  Died  in 
Philadelphia,  December  24,  1872. 

Neal,  Henry  S.;  was  born  at  Gallipolis,  Ohio, 
August  25,  1828;  graduated  at  Marietta  College  in 
1847;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1851;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1861,  and  re- 
elected  in  18;i3;  was  appointed  Consul  of  the  United 
States  at  Lisbon,  Portugal,  in  1869;  was  Charge 
d' Affaires  during  a  part  of  1869  and  1870,  when  he  re 
signed;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional 


Neal,  John  Randolph ;  was  born  in  Anderson 
County,  Tennessee,  November  26,  1838;  in  1851  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  McMinn  County,  Ten 
nessee;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  after  obtaining  a 
primary  education  in  the  local  common  schools,  he 
attended  Hiawassee  College,  in  Monroe  County,  Ten 
nessee,  during  one  session,  and  then  went  to  Emory 
and  Henry  College,  Virginia,  from  which  institution 
he  graduated  in  1858;  taught  school  in  Roane  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  for  one  year;  studied  law;  in  1860  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law;  opposed  secession,  but  when  Tennessee 
joined  the  Confederacy  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate 
Army;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  Captain;  in  1862 
was  commissioned  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1863  was 
promoted  to  a  Colonelcy;  in  the  spring  of  1865  was 
assigned  as  a  member  of  a  Court  organized  at  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  the  Confederate  Capitol,  to  adjudi 
cate  certain  claims;  on  the  fall  of  Richmond,  soon 
afterwards,  went  to  Giles  County,  Virginia,  and 
taught  school  for  three  months;  then  returned  to  Ten- 
nesee,  and  taught  school  in  Roane  County  until  De 
cember,  1866,  when  he  went  to  Sevier  County,  Ar 
kansas,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law ;  his  health 
failing,  in  1870,  he  returned  to  East  Tennessee,  and 
finally  settled  at  Rhea  Springs,  in  Rhea  County,  Ten 
nessee,  where  he  continued  to  reside,  and  where  he 
engaged  in  mining,  agriculture,  and  the  practice  of 
his  profession;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Tennessee  Legislature;  in  1878  was  elected  a 
State  Senator,  and,  upon  the  assembling  of  the  Legis 
lature,  in  January,  1879,  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
Senate  and  ex-officio  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
State;  in  1880  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Neal,  Lawrence  T.;  was  born  in  Parkersburg, 
Virginia,  September  22,  1844;  was  educated  at  the 
Asbuiy  Academy;  removed  to  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in 
1864;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1866;  was  Solicitor  of  Chillicothe  in  1867;  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  1867;  was  Attorney  of  Ross 
County  in  1870,  and  held  that  office  until  1872,  when 
he  resigned;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Neale,  Raphael ;  was  born  in  St.  Mary's  Coun 
ty,  Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1819  to  1825. 

Neece,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Morgan  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  February  26,  1831;  in  that  year  his  par-K 
ents  removed  to  McDouough  County,  in  the  same 
State;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  received  a  common 
school  education;  in  1853  crossed  the  plains,  with  an 
ox  team,  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  remained  one 
month,  and  then  went  to  Sacramento,  California, 
where  he  served  as  cook  in  a  hotel  for  five  months; 
then  engaged  in  mining;  in  1855  returned  to  Illinois 
and  settled  at  Macomb;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  commenced  practice  in  1858;  in  1864  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
186!)  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  1871  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature;  in  1872  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
for  Congress;  in  1878  was  elected  State  Senator,  and 
served  four  years ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


363 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Negley,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Allegheny 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  22.  1826;  was  edu- 
\,cated  at  the  Western  University;  served  in  the  war 
with  Mexico;  entered  the  volunteer  service  in  1861; 
raised  a  brigade  in  three  days,  and  was  made  a  Brig 
adier-General;  was  the  first  to  direct  public-  attention 
to  the  removal  of  arms  from  the  Allegheny  Arsenal 
for  the  use  of  rebels;  joined  the  army  of  General 
Sherman  with  his  brigade,  and  succeeded  General 
Buell  in  Tennessee;  defended  Nashville  in  1862;  was 
promoted  to  a  Major-General  for  gallant  services  at 
Stone  River;  served  with  credit  in  the  Campaign  of 
Tallahoma,  Alabama,  and  Georgia;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Military 
Affairs,  Enrolled  Bills,  and  Revolutionary  Claims;  re- 
elected  to  the  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on 
important  Committees;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Neil,  John  B.;  was  appointed  Governor  of  Idaho 
for  the  term  of  four  years  from  July,  1880. 

Neilson,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1778  and  1779. 

Nelson,  Homer  A.;  was  born  in  Poughkeepsie, 
New  York,  August  31,  1829;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  in  1855  was  elected  Judge  of  Dutchess 
County  for  four  years,  and  in  1859  was  re-elected  for 
a  second  term;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  Unfin 
ished  Business;  in  1857  Rutgers  College,  of  New  Jer 
sey,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts, 
and  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  Congress  he  was 
Colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-ninth  Regi 
ment  of  New  York  Volunteers,  which  position  he  re 
signed ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "State  Constitutional 
Convention  "  of  1867;  a  few  months  afterwards  was 
elected  Secretary  of  State,  and  re-elected  in  1868  and 
1869. 

Nelson,  Hugh;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was,  at 
one  time,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Vir 
ginia;  a  Judge  of  the  General  Court;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1809;  a  member  of  Congress  from  1811  to 
1823:  was  immediately  afterwards  appointed  Ameri 
can  Minister  to  Spain.  Died  in  Albemarle  County 
March  18,  1836. 

Nelson,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  Rowley,  Essex 
County,  Massachusetts,  September  14,  1769;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1790;  settled  in  New- 
buryport,  Massachusetts,  as  a  merchant;  served  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1805  to  1807,  and  again  from  1815  to  1823.  Died  at 
vNewburyport,  October  2,  1838. 

Nelson,  John ;  was  born  in  Frederick.  Mary 
land,  in  1791;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege  in  1811;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1821  to  1823;  in  1831  was  appointed 
Charge  iV Affaires  to  the  Two  Sicilies;  in  1844  was 
appointed  by  President  Tyler,  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States.  Died  in  Baltimore,  January  8 
1860,  aged  sixty-nine  yesvs.  Received  the  degree  of 
A.M.  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey. 

Nelson,  Knute  ;  was  born  in  Bergen  Stiff  Nor 
way,  February  2,  1843;  came,  with  his  parents,  to  the 
United  States  in  1849,  and  settled  in  Chicago  Illi 
nois;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1850;  took  a  four- 
years  course  at  Albion  Academy,  from  which  lie 
graduated;  studied  and  practiced  law;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  more  than  three  years,  during  the  civil 
war;  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at  Port  Hud- 


sou,  in  1863;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Wisconsin 
Legislature  in  1868  and  1869;  removed  to  Minnesota 
in  1871 ;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1875,  1876,  1877  and 
1878;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Douglas  County 
for  three  years;  became  a  Regent  of  the  Minnesota* 
State  University;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the 
F'orty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Nelson,  Roger;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a- 
General  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  received  several 
severe  wounds  at  the  battle  of  Camden,  and  was  left 
on  the  field;  after  the  war  studied  law,  and  practiced 
with  success;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maryland  from  1804  to  1810;  was  several  years  in  the 
Virginia  Legislature;  from  1810  to  1815  was  .Judge  of 
the  Upper  District  of  that  State.  Died  at  Frederick- 
town,  Maryland,  June  7,  1815,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Nelson,  R.  R.;  was  born  in  Cooperstown.  New 
York,  May  12,  1826;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1846;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  New  York 
City  in  1849;  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in 
1850;  in  1857  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory;  and  in  1858  Dis 
trict  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  State  of  Min 
nesota.  In  1875  an  opinion  which  he  delivered  on 
the  Civil  Rights  Bill  attracted  much  attention  for  its 
liberality. 

Nelson,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Hebron,  WTash- 
ington  County,  New  York,  November  10,  1792,  of 
Irish  descent;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College, 
Vermont,  in  1813;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
of  New  York  in  1817;  located  himself  in  Cortland 
County,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  with  great 
success;  in  1820  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  1821;  during  the  same  year  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Cortland  village;  in  1823  was  made  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  which  position  he  held  for  eight 
years;  in  1831  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State;  in  1837  was  made  Chief  Justice, 
and  held  the  position  until  1845,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Tyler,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States;  in  1846  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  the  "State  Convention"  of  that  year, 
but  declined  to  serve;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Middlebury  College,  Columbia  College,  and 
Geneva  College;  a  sketch  of  his  career  was  published 
in  the  "Pioneers  of  Cortland  County,"  by  H.  C. 
Goodwin.  Died  at  Cooperstown.  New  York,  Decem 
ber  13,  1873. 

Nelson,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Peekskil!.  New 
York,  January  23,  1819;  son  of  William  Nelson, 

'  formerly  in  Congress;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege  in  1836;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 

j  bar  in  New  York;  visited  Europe  in  1842;  in  1851 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Oregon. 

Nelson,  Thomas,  Jr.;  was  born  in  York,  Vir- 
|  ginia,  December  26,  1738;  was  educated  at  Trinity 
j  College,  England;  was  devoted  to  farming  and  some 
thing  of  a  sportsman;   in  1774  was  elected   to  the 
House  of  Burgesses,  and  took  a  bold  stand  in  favor 
of  liberty;  was  re-elected'to  that  position;  after  at- 
tending  various  local  conventions,  was  elected  a  Del 
egate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1777, 
and  again  from  1779  to  1780,  and  was  a  signer  of  the 
j  Declaration  of  Independence;  took  part  in  the  ruili- 
j  tary  affairs  of  the  time  as  a  Brigadier-General;  served 
j  in  the  State  Legislature:  in  1781   was  elected  Gov- 
!  ernor  of  Virgin!;-.;  was  present  at  the  siege  of  York- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


363 


town,  acquitted  himself  with  ability,  and  was  pub 
licly  thanked  by  Washington;  retired  to  private  life 
in  1781.  Died  in  January,  1789. 

Nelson,  Thomas  A.  R.;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  bred  a  lawyer;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1848;  in  1851  was  appointed,  by  President  Fillinore, 
a  Commissioner  to  China;  served  as  a  Representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was 
i  a  member  of  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty -three 
'  on  the  Rebellious  States;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  but  was  prevented  from 
taking  his  seat  by  the  forcible  action  of  the  Confeder 
ate  Government;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866;  in 
March.  1868,  acted  as  one  of  the  Counsel  for  Presi 
dent  Andrew  Johnson,  before  the  High  Court  of  Im 
peachment;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Con 
vention  of  that  year. 

Nelson,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Mason  County, 
Kentucky,  about  1824;  removed  early  in  life  to  Rock- 
ville,  and  afterward  to  Terre  Haute,  Indiana,  where 
he  became  prominent  in  law  and  politics;  was  Min 
ister  to  Chili  from  1861  to  1866;  was  appointed  Min 
ister  to  Mexico,  March,  1869;  was  one  of  the  found 
ers  of  the  Republican  party  in  the  West. 

Nelson,  Thomas  Leverett ;  was  born  in 
Haverhill,  New  Hampshire,  March  4,  1827;  was 
prepared  for  college  at  Haverhill  Academy  and  at 
Kimball  Union  Academy,  Meriden,  New  Hampshire; 
entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1842;  in  1844  removed 
to  .Burlington,  Vermont,  and  enteied  the  University 
of  Vermont,  in  that  city;  graduated  therefrom  in 
1846,  and  engaged  in  civil  engineering,  in  which  oc 
cupation  he  continued  until  1853,  residing  in  various 
parts  of  the  country;  then  began  the  study  of  law  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
at  Worcester,  in  1855,  and  settled  there  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law ;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Massachu 
setts  Legislature  in  1869,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee;  was  City  Solicitor  of  Worcester 
f.om  1870  to  1873;  at  different  times  held  numerous 
minor  State  and  Municipal  offices;  also  became  a 
member  of  several  local  societies,  among  which  was 
the  American  Antiquarian  Society;  in  1878  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  District 
of  Massachusetts;  in  1885  received  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  from  the  University  of  Vermont. 

Nelson,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1782;  served  with  distinction  in  the  War  of  1812 
as  a  Captain  of  Infantry ;  after  the  war  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major,  but  resigned  his  commission; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his  native 
State  from  1816  to  1819,  when  he  declined  a  re 
election,  and  retired  to  private  life.  Died  November 
10,  1853. 

Nelson,  "William ;  was  born  in  Clinton,  Dutchess 
County,  New  York,  June  29,  1784;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1807;  was  District  Attorney  for  the 
Comities  of  Westchester,  Putnam  and  Rockland,  for  a 
period  of  thirty  years;  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York  in  1819  and  1820,  and  a  State  Sen 
ator  in  1823;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1847  to  1851 ;  was  a  resident  of  Peeks- 
kill,  where  he  died  October  2,  1869. 

Nes,  Henry ;  was  born  in  York,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1799;  was  educated  a  physician;  was  frequently 
called  to  fill  places  of  trust  and  responsibility  in  his 
native  town;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
(1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1846  to  1850,  serving  as 


Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  he 
was  reserved  in  his  habits,  but  had  many  devoted 
friends.  Died  September  10,  1850. 

Nesbitt,  Wilson ;  -was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1817  to  1819. 

Nesmith,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Maine,  July  23,  1820;  when  quite  young 
removed  to  New  Hampshire,  and  in  1838  emigrated 
to  Ohio;  subsequently  spent  some  time  in  Missouri, 
and  in  1843  emigrated  to  Oregon;  in  1848  and  1853 
commanded,  as  Captain,  two  expeditions  against  the 
Indians;  in  1853  was  appointed  United  States  Mar 
shal  for  Oregon,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1855y 
and  took  command  of  a  regiment;  in  1857  was  ap 
pointed  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territories;  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Oregon  for  the  term  beginning  in 
1861  and  ending  in  18J7,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Military  Affairs  and  Indian  Affairs,  and  also  the 
Special  Committee  appointed  to  visit  the  Indian 
tribes  of  the  West,  and  the  Committees  on  Commerce 
and  Revolutionary  Claims;  in  1866  was  appointed  a 
Visitor  to  the  West  Point  Academy,  and  was  one  of 
the  Senators  designated  to  attend  the  funeral  of 
General  Scott;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  Minister  to  Austria,  but  not  con 
tinued;  while  devoting  himself  to  farming  in  Oregon, 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  in  place  of 
J.  J.  Wilson,  deceased.  Died  June  17,  1885. 

Neville,  Joseph;  was  born  in  1730;  was  a 
Revolutionary  officer,  Brigadier  of  State  Militia,  and 
Commissioner  to  run  the  boundary  line  between 
Virginia  and  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1795.  Died  in 
Hardy  County,  Virginia,  March  4,  1819. 

New,  Anthony  ;  was  born  in  Gloucester  County r 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1793  to  18 J5;  on  taking  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Kentucky,  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1811  to  1813,  'from 
1817  to  1818,  and  from  1821  to  1823. 

New,  John  O.;  was  born  in  Vernon,  Indiana,. 
July  6,  1831 ;  graduated  at  Bethany  College,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1851 ;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
Indianapolis;  in  1856  was  appointed  Clerk,  of  the 
Marion  County  Courts,  and  re-appointed;  in  18 Jl 
was  appointed  Quartermaster-General  of  Indiana, 
serving  as  such  until  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  also- 
acted,  for  a  time,  as  financial  Secretary  to  Governor 
Morton,  and  assisted  in  the  management  of  the 
finances  of  the  State;  in  1865  was  elected  Cashier  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Indianapolis,  serving  as- 
such  until  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  in  1875, 
without  solicitation  on  his  part,  as  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  in  which  position  he  served  until 
July,  1876;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  from  1882  to  1884,  when  he  re 
signed. 

New,  J.  D.;  was  horn  in  Vernon,  Indiana,  No 
vember  28,  1830;  was  educated  at  Bethany  College, 
West  Virginia;  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1856;  was 
elected  District  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  18)2.  and 
served  two  years;  was  elected  Judge  of  Common 
Pleas  in  1864,  and  served  four  years;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty -fourth  and 
Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Newberry,  John  S.;  was  born  at  Waterviller 
New  York,  November  18,  1826;  removed  to  Michi 
gan,  with  his  father,  when  a  child;  received  an 


3G4 


BIOGRAPHICAL      ANNALS. 


demic  education  and  graduated  at  Michigan  Univers 
ity  in  1847;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1852;  in  1864  engaged  largely  in  manufactur 
ing  enterprises;  held  no  political  office  prior  to  hi; 
-election  as  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress.  Died  at  Detroit,  Michigan 
-January  2,  1887. 

Newbold,  Joshua  G-. ;  was  born  in  Fayette 
•County,  Pennsylvania,  May  12,  1830 ;  received  a 
common  schoof  and  academic  education  in  his  na 
tive  State;  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  medicine 
for  one  year  and  then  abandoned  it;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  March,  1854,  removed  to 
the  vicinity  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Henry  County,  Iowa, 
and  settled  upon  a  farm;  also  engaged  in  merchan 
dising;  in  1862  entered  the  Union  Army  as  Captain 
of  the  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers; 
served  as  Judge-Advocate,  with  headquarters  at 
Woodville,  Alabama,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth,  Fifteenth  and  Eight 
eenth  General  Assemblies  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  and. 
in  1874,  was  temporary  Speaker  of  the  House;  in 
1876  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor,  and  was,  ex- 
officio,  President  of  the  State  Senate;  was  Governor  of 
Iowa  in  1877  and  1878;  held  a  number  of  county 
offices,  and  practiced  law  at  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Newbold,  Thomas ;  was  a  Eepresentative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1807  to  1813,  after 
which  he  served  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State. 
Died  in  Burlington  County,  of  apoplexy,  in  Decem 
ber,  1823. 

Newcomb,  C.  A.;  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
Pennsylvania,  July  1,  1830;  received  a  classical  edu 
cation;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  devoted 
much  attention  to  the  business  of  fruit-growing,  es 
pecially  to  the  culture  of  the  grape  ;  removed  to 
Iowa,  and  was  a  Circuit  Judge  for  two  years;  Judge 
of  a  County  Court  for  three  years;  settled  in  Mis 
souri,  and  was  elected,  for  two  years,  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture,  and  Roads  and 
Canals. 

Newell,  William  A.;  was  born  at  Franklin,' 
Ohio;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College  Grammar  Schooll 
New  Jersey,  in  1836;  was  educated  for  the  medica- 
profession;  settled  in  New  Jersey;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1847 
to  1851,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
•Claims  and  Roads  and  Canals;  in  185(5  was  elected 
•Governor  of  New  Jersey  for  the  term  ending  in  1860: 
•was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Convention"  of 
1864;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  Foreign  Affairs,  and  War  Debts  of  the  Loyal 
States;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal 
ists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  a  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  of  New  Jersey  in  1877,  but  was  defeated  by 
•General  McClellan;  in  1880  was  appointed  Governor 
of  Washington  Territory  for  a  te-  Ji  of  four  years. 

Newhard,  Peter;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
•was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
18-19  to  1843. 

Newman.  Alexander;  was  born  in  Orange 
County,  Virginia,  in  18J6;  in  1836  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  State  Legislature,  where  he  served 
several  years;  was  also  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
from  1845  to  184,9  was  Postmaster  of  Wheeling;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty- 


first  Congress.  Died  of  cholera  before  taking  his 
seat,  while  on  a  visit  to  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  in 
July,  1849. 

Newman,  Daniel  ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  of  the  Fourth  United  States 
Infantry*  March,  1799;  resigned,  January  1,  1802; 
was  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General  of  Georgia;  Col 
onel  commanding  Georgia  Volunteers  in  two  actions 
with  East  Florida  Indians,  in  1812;  distinguished 
himself  in  an  attack  on  Creek  Indians  in  Autossee 
towns  under  General  Floyd  in  1813;  was  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  commanding  Georgia  Volunteers,  December, 
1813;  severely  wounded  at  Camp  Defiance,  January, 
1814;  was  a  Reprefentative  in  Congress  from  Georgia 
from  1831  to  1833.  Died  in  Walker  County,  Georgia, 
in  1851. 

I 

Newsham,  Joseph  P.;  was  born  in  Monroe 
County,  Illinois,  in  1839;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  was  a  merchant's  clerk  for  two  years;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Missouri  in  1860;  served 
rs  a  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant  in  the  volunteer  army, 
and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chickasaw  Bayou; 
on  being  discharged  from  military  service,  removed 
to  Louisiana,  and  was  made  Clerk  of  a  Court  in  the 
Parish  of  Ascension;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1867;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment. 

Newton,  Eben ;  was  born  in  Goshen,  Litchfield 
County,  Connecticut,  October  16,  1795;  his  early  edu 
cation  was  limited,  having  been  obtained  while  work 
ing  on  a  farm;  his  first  earnings  off  the  farm  were 
from  teaching  school  in  the  winter;  in  1814  emigrated 
to  Portage  County,  Ohio,  and  turned  his  attention  to 
farming;  studied  law;  in  1823  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  became  the  partner  of  Elisha  Whittlesey,  at 
Canfield,  Ohio;  in  1842  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  Senate;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  President 
Judge  of  the  Third  Circuit;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  for  the  term  from  1851  to  18~>3,  but 
before  taking  his  seat  visited  Europe;  in  1856  was 
elected  President  of  the  Ashtabula  and  New  Lisbon 
Railroad  Company,  in  which  position  he  remained 
until  1859,  when  he  declined  are-election;  afterwards 
devoted  himself  to  the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  in 
which  he  was  eminently  successful. 

Newton,  Isaac  ;  was  born  in  Burlington  County, 
New  Jersey,  in  1800;  shortly  after  he  became  of  age, 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania, 
and  soon  took  rank  among  the  best  farmers  in  the 
State;  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  active  members 
of  the  State  Agricultural  Society;  was  for  years  per 
sistent  in  urging  upon  Congress  the  policy  of  estab 
lishing  the  Department  of  Agriculture;  was  appointed 
its  first  Commissioner,  after  organization.  Died  in 
Washington,  June  19,  1867. 

Newton,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1769;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  from  1801  to  1829,  and  again  from  1831  to 
1833;  served  for  many  years  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce  and  Manufactures.  Died  in 
Norfolk,  Virginia,  August  5,  1847. 

Newton,  Thomas  W.;  was  a  Representative  iu 
Jongress  from  Arkansas  in  February  and  March, 
1847. 

Newton,  Willoug-hby ;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
>om  1843  to  1845. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Niblack,  "William  E  ;  was  born  in  Dubois  Coun 
ty,  Indiana,  May  19,  1822;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1843;  during  that  year  was  ap 
pointed  County  Surveyor;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  where  he  served  until  1852;  in 
1854  was  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge,  and  subsequent 
ly  elected  for  six  years,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  Indiana,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Mileage,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Patents;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention" 
of  1864,  and  to  the  "New  York  Convention"  of  1868; 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  also,  re-elected 
to  the  Forty -first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses;  was,  from  1864  to  1872,  a  member  of  the 
"National  Democratic  Committee"  for  Indiana. 

Niblack,  Silas  N.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Florida  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  having 
successfully  contested  the  seat  claimed  by  Josiah  T. 
Walls. 

Nicholas,  George  ;  was  born  in  Hanover,  Vir 
ginia;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College  in 
1772;  was  distinguished,  during  the  Revolution,  in 
the  field,  and  in  the  Council;  was  Major  of  Second 
Virginia  Regiment  in  1777,  and,  afterwards,  Colonel; 
was  a  leading  member  of  the  Convention  which  rati 
fied  the  Federal  Constitution;  a  prominent  member 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  in  Virginia;  removed  to 
Kentucky  in  1790;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
for  framing  a  State  Constitution,  and  was  the  author 
of  that  instrument;  was  the  first  Attorney-General  of 
the  State.  Died  in  Kentucky  in  1799. 

Nicholas,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1801 ;  subsequently 
removed  to  Geneva,  Ontario  County,  New  York, 
whence  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  1806 
to  1809.  Died  May  27,  1821. 

Nicholas,  Robert  Carter ;  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1715;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege;  represented  James  City  in  the  House  of  Bur 
gesses  of  Virginia  when  very  young;  continued  in 
that  position  until  the  House  of  Delegates  was  organ 
ized  in  1777,  and  was  a  member  of  that  body  until 
1779,  when  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  High 
Court  of  Chancery,  and  consequently  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals ;  was  opposed  to  the  Stamp  Act  resolutions 
of  Patrick  Henry ;  was  Treasurer  of  the  Colony  from 
1776  to  1777;  in  1773  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  of  Correspondence;  was  also  a  member  of  all  the 
important  Conventions,  and  President  pro  tern,  of 
that  of  July,  1775;  was  a  good  lawyer  and  financier. 
Died  at  Hanover,  Virginia,  in  1780. 

Nicholas,  Robert  Carter ;  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia;  was  appointed  Captain  of  the  Twentieth  Infan 
try  in  1812;  Major  of  the  Twelfth  Infantry  in  1813; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1814;  was  Charge  d' Affaires 
to  Naples,  and  subsequently  Secretary  of  State  of 
Louisiana;  in  1851  became  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction.  Died  at  Terrebonne,  Louisiana, 
December  24,  1857. 

Nicholas,  "Wilson  C.;  was  Governor  of  Virginia; 
was  an  officer  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States;  was  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from  1799 
to  1804  and  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives 
from  1807  to  1809,  and  ably  supported  the  measures 
of  President  Jefferson's  Administration;  in  1804  re 
signed  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  accepted  the  office 
of  Collector  of  the  Ports  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth; 


was  afterwards  again  a  member  of  the  House,  but  re 
signed  his  seat  in  1809;  in  1814  was  Governor,  and 
remained  in  office  until  1817.  Died  at  Milton,  Octo 
ber  10,  1820. 

Nicholls,  John  C.;  was  born  at  Clinton,  Geor 
gia,  April  25,  1834;  was  educated  at  William  and 
Mary  College,  Virginia;  studied  law,  and  divided  his 
attention  between  the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
the  occupation  of  a  planter;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  throughout  the  war;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1865;  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1870  and  served  five  years;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  in  1876;  wag- 
el  ected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty -eighth, 
Congress. 

Nichols,  Francis  T.;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1876  to  1880. 

Nichols,  Matthias  H.;  was  born  in  Salem 
County,  New  Jersey,  October  3,  1824;  his  education 
was  acquired  in  a  printing-office,  and  by  the  aid  of 
friends  who  instructed  him  after  the  ordinary  hours- 
of  labor;  studied  law,  and  in  1849  was  licensed  to- 
practice  in  Auglaize  County,  Ohio;  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Allen  County;  resigned  the  office  in 
1852,  to  become  a  candidate  for  Congress ;  wa» 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the»Thirty- 
third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Print 
ing. 

Nicholson,  Alfred  O.  P.;  was  born  in  William 
son  County,  Tennessee,  August  31,  1808;  graduated 
at  Chapel  Hill  University,  North  Carolina,  in  1827; 
settled  in  Tennessee  as  a  lawyer;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  from  1833  to  1839;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1840  to  1842; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1843  to  1845; 
was  Chancellor  of  the  middle  division  of  the  State  in 
1845;  was  President  of  the  Bank  of  Tennessee  in 
1846  and  1847;  was  elected  Printer  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  by  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and 
Printer  of  the  Senate  by  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress; 
from  1853  to  1856  was  editor  of  the  Washington 
Daily  Union;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Tennessee  for  the  term  commencing  in  1859  and  end 
ing  in  1865,  but  was  expelled  July  11,  1861 ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  National  Union  Con 
vention"  of  1866. 

Nicholson,  John  ;  was  for  several  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1809  to  1811.- 
Died  January,  1820,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

Nicholson,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Laurel,  Sus 
sex  County,  Delaware,  November  17,  1827;  was  edu 
cated  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania;  settled  at 
Dover,  Delaware,  in  1847;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1850;  subsequently  retired  to  private  life; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Delaware  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Expenditures,  and  the  Special  Committee  on 
the  Death  of  President  Lincoln;  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ap 
propriations. 

Nicholson,  Joseph  Hopper ;  was  a  native  of 
Maryland;  received  a  good  education;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession ;  in  1805  was  appointed  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District;  was  also  a  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland;  from  1799  to  180S 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress.  Died  March  4, 
1817,  aged  forty-seven  years. 


366 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Nicoll,  Henry ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  October  23,  1812;  graduated  at  Columbia  Col 
lege  in  1830;  studied  law,  and  practiced  with  suc 
cess;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  "Constitutional 
Convention  "  of  1846;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1847  to  1849. 

Nicoll,  John  C.;  was  a  native  of  Georgia;  was  a 
man  of  education  and  culture,  and  a  resident  of  Sa 
vannah;  in  1839  was  appointed  United  States  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Georgia. 

Nilea,  Jason;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress  from  Mississippi,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Banking  and  Currency. 

Niles,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Windsor,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1787;  was  bred  to  tlje  bar,  and  went  to  Hart 
ford  in  1816  to  practice  law;  in  1817  was  there,  con 
cerned  in  publishing  the  Times,  which  he  edited  for 
a  time;  in  1820  was  a  Commissioned  Judge  of  the 
County  Court;  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Hart 
ford,  by  President  Jackson,  and  held  the  office  until 
made  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1835,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  remained  until  1839;  in  1840  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General  by  President  Van  Buren;  in  1842 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  served 
six  years,  retired  to  private  life,  and  died  May  31, 
1856.  Was  fond  of  literary  pursuits,  and  his  con 
tributions  to  the  periodical  press  were  abundant; 
edited  a«  "  Gazetteer  "  of  Connecticut  and  Rhode 
Island,  and  wrote  a  "History  of  South  America. "  In 
his  will  he  gave  twenty  thousand  dollars  for  the 
benefit  of  the  poor  of  Hartford,  and  bequeathed  his 
library  to  the  Historical  Society  of  Connecticut. 

Niles,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  South  Princeton, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1741;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1766;  was  a  student  of  law,  medicine  and 
theology;  was  the  inventor  of  making  wire  from  bar 
iron,  by  water  power,  and  erected,  at  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  a  woolen-card  manufactory;  was  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ver 
mont;  was  six  times  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont,  from  1791 
to  1795;  wrote  poetry  and  many  sermons,  and 
preached  in  his  own  house  twelve  years.  Died  at 
West  Fairlee,  Vermont,  in  November,  1828. 

Nisbet,  Eugenius;  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1803- 
received  an  English  and  legal  education;  was,  for 
several  years,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1839  to 
1841;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861- 
became  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress.  Died 
at  Macon,  March  18,  1871. 

Nisbet,  E.  A.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to 
1842;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 


Niven,  Archibald  C.;  was  born  in  New  York- 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847,  and  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1864. 

Nixon  John  T.;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1841;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 

io'/T-6^  ]n  -the  New  Jersey  Legislature  from 
9  to  18oO,  during  the  last  year  as  Speaker-  was 

2ted  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 


on  Commerce;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  in  1870  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  District  of  New 
Jersey. 

Noble,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
liberally  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
on  removing  to  Michigan,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Noble,  James ;  was  a  native  of  Battletown, 
Clark  County,  Virginia;  removed,  when  a  youth,  to 
Kentucky,  and  subsequently  to  Indiana;  was  a  self- 
educated  man,  and  very  influential  in  his  adopted 
State;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from 
1816  to  1831.  Died  in  Washington,  February  26,  of 
the  latter  year. 

Noble,  Noah  ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  January  15, 
1794;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  from  1831  to  1837. 
Died  in  Indianapolis,  February,  1844. 

Noble,  Patrick ;  was  born  in  Abbeville  District, 
South  Carolina,  in  1787;  graduated  at  New  Jersey 
College  in  1806;  was  a  lawyer,  and  partner  of  J.  C. 
Calhoun;  a  State  Representative  in  1812;  was  Speaker 
from  1818  to  1824,  and  again  from  1832;  in  1836  was 
President  of  the  State  Senate:  was  Governor  from 
1838  to  1840.  Died  at  Abbeville  in  1840. 

Noble,  "Warren  P.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
June  14,  1821;  received  a  good  English  education  in 
the  State  of  Ohio;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was 
elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1856,  serving  two 
terms;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Patents;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same  Committee. 

Noble,  William  H.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  three  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  from 
Cayuga  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  at  Roches 
ter,  February  5,  1850,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Noell,  John  W. ;  was  born  in  Bradford  County, 
Virginia,  February  15,  1816;  emigrated  to  Missouri 
with  his  parents  in  1832;  received  a  liberal  education; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  from  1841  to  1850 
was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Perry  County,  Mis 
souri;  served  four  years  in  the  State  Senate  of  Mis 
souri;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses  of  the  Public 
Buildings;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress;  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress.  Died  in  Washington,  March  14,  1863. 


Noell,  Thomas  E.;  was  born  in  Perry ville,  Mis 
souri,  April  3,  1839;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion;  when  nineteen  years  of  age  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  practiced  law  until  1861,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Military  Commissioner  for  the  arrest  of  dis 
loyal  persons;  subsequently  went  into  the  ranks  of 
the  State  Militia,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Major, 
which  he  held  until  1862;  in  that  year  was  appointed 
a  Captain  in  the  Nineteenth  Regiment  of  Regular 
United  States  Infantry;  was  subsequently  elected  a 
Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private 
Land  Claims,  the  Militia,  and  Mines  and  Minin"- 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  National  Union  Convention" 
held  in  Philadelphia  in  1866;  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress.  Died  at  St.  Louis,  October  3,  1867 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


367 


Noggfle,  David  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  30,  1809;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  even  that  with  great  difficulty; 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Ohio  in  1820;  in  1836  re 
moved  to  Illinois,  where  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  in  1840  removed  to  Beloit,  Wis 
consin;  in  1845  was  made  Postmaster  of  that  place; 
resigned  in  1848;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1846;  of  the  Wisconsin  LegisLtture  in 
1855  and  1857;  was  a  Circuit  Judge  of  the  State  from 

1858  to  1866;  in  1869  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Idaho;  re-appointed  in  1873;  on 
account  of  failing  health  resigned  the   position  in 
1875,  and  removed  to  San  Francisco,  California. 

Nolan,  Michael  N;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1834; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1844;  received  a 
common  school  education;  studied  law  ;  became 
largely  interested  in  the  business  of  brewing;  a  Di 
rector  in  the  National  Savings  Bank  of  Albany,  New 
York ;  was,  for  ten  years,  Fire  Commissioner  of  Al 
bany,  was  elected  Mayor  in  1878;  re-elected  in  1880 
and  1882;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress. 

Norcross,  Amasa ;  was  born  at  Rindge,  New 
Hampshire,  January  26,  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1847  and  commenced  practice;  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  1858, 

1859  and  1862;  was  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  from 
1862   to  1873;  was  Mayor  of  Fitchburg,   Massachu 
setts,  in  1873  and  1874;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1874; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Norris,  Benjamin  W.;  was  born  in  Kennebeck 
County,  Maine,  in  1819;  when  a  boy  worked  on  a  farm; 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1843;  read  law, 
but  instead  of  practicing  the  profession,  was  engaged  in 
teaching  for  several  years;  was  for  several  years  a 
Land  Agent  for  his  State ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Na 
tional  Baltimore  Convention  of  1864;  was  a  Commis 
sioner  for  the  Soldiers'  National  Cemetery  at  Gettys 
burg  from  1863  to  1865;  was  appointed  a  Paymaster 
in  the  Army  in  1864,  and  on  'being  mustered  out  in 
1865,  purchased  a  plantation  and  settled  in  Alabama; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Reconstruction.  Died  in  Montgomery,  January 
27,  1873. 

Norris,  Moses;  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1799;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1828;  studied  law,  and  devoted  himself  suc 
cessfully  to  the  practice ;  in  1839  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1840  was  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1841  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Council ;  in  1843  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  where  he  continued  four  years;  in  1847  was 
again  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  Speaker; 
while  serving  in  that  capacity  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  serving  from  1849  to  1855.  Died  in 
Washington,  January  11,  1855. 

North,  John  "W.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Nevada  ;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  District  of 
Nevada,  residing  at  Carson  City. 

i 

i  North,  William ;  was  Aid  to  Baron  Steuben  in 
the  Revolutionary  War,  and  afterwards  appointed 
Adjutant-General;  was  Senator  in  Congress  from  New 
York,  by  appointment,  in  1798,  in  the  place  of  J.  S. 


Hobart,  resigned.  Died  at  New  York,  January  4, 
1836,  aged  eighty-three  years,  and  was  buried  at 
Duanesburg. 

Norton,  Daniel  S.;  was  born  in  Mount  Vernon, 
Knox  County,  Ohio,  April  12,  1829;  was  educated  at 
Kenyon  College;  served  one  year  in  the  war  with 
Mexico  in  the  Second  Ohio  Regiment;  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  1848  at  Mount  Vernon;  in  1850  went 
across  the  plains  to  California,  spending  a  part  of  that 
and  the  following  year  in  Nicaragua;  returning  to 
Ohio,  renewed  the  study  of  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1852;  practiced  his  profession  in  that  State  until 
1855,  when  he  removed  to  Minnesota;  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  declining  re-election  in 
1859;  was  again  re-elected  in  1860,  and  also  in  1863 
and  1864,  having  been  a  member  of  the  State  House 
of  Representatives  in  1862;  in  1865  took  his  seat  as  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Minnesota  for  the  term  end: 
ing  in  1871,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian 
Affairs,  Engrossed  Bills,  Claims,  Territories,  and 
Patents  and  the  Patent  Office;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention  "  of 
1866.  Died  in  Washington  City,  July  1,  1870. 

Norton,  Ebenezer  F.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
served  in  the  State  Assembly  from  Erie  County  in 
1823;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1829  to  1831. 

Norton,  Elijah  H.;  was  born  in  Logan  County, 
Kentucky,  November  24,  1821 ;  received  a  liberal 
classical  education,  graduating  at  the  Transylvania 
Law  School  in  1841;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1845; 
practiced  law  until  1852,  when  he  was  chosen  a 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Missouri ;  was  re-elected 
to  the  same  position  in  1857;  after  resigning  the 
Judgeship,  in  1860,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Norton,  Jesse  O.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  gradu 
ated  at  Williams  College,  Massachusetts;  emigrated 
to  Illinois  in  1839;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1840;  in  1847  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  ' ' ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1851  and  1852;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty -third  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads;  in  1857  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Eleventh  Judicial  District  of  Illinois,  holding  the 
office  until  1862;  in  1863  was  again  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National 
Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Norton,  Nelson  I.;  was  born  in  Cattaraugug 
County,  New  York,  March  30,  1829;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  in  early  life  was  engaged  in 
farming;  subsequently  devoted  himself  to  mercantile 
business;  returned  to  farming;  was  appointed  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace;  was  six  years  a  County  Assessor; 
five  years  a  County  Supervisor;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1861;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1872;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress  to  fill  the  va 
cancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Augustus  F.  Allen. 

Norvell,  John ;  was  bred  a  printer;  for  a  time 
was  the  editor  of  a  newspaper  in  Philadelphia;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Postmaster  of  De 
troit,  Michigan;  having  1  ecime  identified  with  the 
Territory  of  Michigan,  berama  one  of  the  Senators  in 
Congress  from  the  new  Sti.te  serving  in  that  capacity 
from  1835  to  1841V  Died  of  apoplexy,  in  April,  1850. 


368 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  this  worthy  man  left  seven 
sons,  six  of  whom  served  their  country  with  credit  as 
soldiers  during  the  Rebellion. 

Norwood,  Thomas  Manson  ;  was  born  in  Tal- 
bot  County,  Georgia,  April  26,  1830;  received  an  aca 
demic  education  in  Monroe  County,  Georgia;  gradu 
ated  at  Emory  College,  Oxford,  Georgia,  in  1850; 
'Studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852;  re 
moved  to  Savannah  in  1852;  was  a  member  of  the 
,Georgia  Legislature  in  1861  and  1862;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  in  1871  for  the  term  ending  in  1877, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Transporta 
tion,  Land  Claims,  and  Revolutionary  Claims;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Nott,  Abraham  ;  was  born  at  Saybrook,  Con 
necticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1"87;  studied 
for  the  ministry,  but  did  not  take  orders;  in  1788 
taught  school  in  Georgia  a  year;  studied  law  in  Cam- 
den,  South  Carolina;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1791  ;  in  1794  settled  on  the  Pacolet  River,  and  con 
tinued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1799  to  1801,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court.  Died  at  Fairfield,  South 
Carolina,  June  19,  1830. 

Nott,  Charles  Cooper  ;  was  born  at  Union  Col 
lege,  Schenectady,  New  York.  September  16,  1827; 
studied  law,  and  on  his  admission  to  the  bar,  settled 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  practiced  from 
1850  to  1861  ;  served  as  a  Captain  of  Cavalry  and  also 
Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel  of  New  York  Volun 
teers  during  the  Rebellion;  was  made  prisoner  in 
1863,  and  confined  for  more  than  a  year;  in  1865  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Court  of  Claims  in  Washington. 

Nott,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  1657;  was  Governor 
of  Virginia  from  1705  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
August  23,  1706,  at  Williamsburg,  Virginia. 

Nourse,  Amos  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1812; 
studied  medicine;  was  a  Medical  Lecturer  at  Bow- 
doin  College  from  1846  to  1854,  and  Medical  Professor 
since  1854;  was  also  Postmaster  of  Hallowell,  Maine, 
and  Collector  of  Customs  at  Bath;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  January  to  March  in 
1857. 

Nourse,  Joseph;  was  born  in  London  in  1754; 
emigrated,  with  his  family,  to  Virginia  in  1769;  en 
tered  the  Revolutionary  Army  in  1776,  as  Secretary 
to  General  Charles  Lee;  was  Clerk  and  Auditor  of 
the  Board  of  War  from  1777  until  appointed  Assist 
ant  Auditor-General  in  1781  ;  was  Register  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  from  1789  to  1829;  was  a 
Vice-President  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  Died 
near  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  September  1, 


.  Noyes,  Edward  Follensbee;  was  born  at 
East  Haverhill,  Essex  County,  Massachusetts,  Octo 
ber  3,  1832,  but  his  parents  died  before  he  was  three 
years  of  age,  and  he  went  to  reside  with  grandparents 
at  East  Kingston,  New  Hampshire;  attended  the 
common  schools  and  the  Kingston  Academy;  at  the 
age  of  thirteen  was  apprenticed  to  the  printer's  trade 
in  the  office  of  the  Morning  Star  newspaper,  at  Dover 
New  Hampshire;  remained  there  four  and  a  half 
years;  then  attended  school  in  the  summer  and 
taught  school  in  the  winter,  while  preparing  for  col 
lege;  attended  Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  New 
Hampshire,  graduating  therefrom,  near  the  head  of 


his  class,  in  1857;  the  same  year  settled  at  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio;  having  studied  law  and  been  admitted 
to  the  bar,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Cin 
cinnati  in  1858;  in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as 
Major  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteer 
Infantry;  in  1862  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Col 
onel  and  Colonel;  lost  a  leg  in  battle  July  4,  1864, 
while  leading  an  assault  upon  the  enemy's  works, 
near  Marietta,  Georgia;  was  subsequently  brevetted 
a  Brigadier-General;  in  October,  1864,  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  Camp  Dennison,  Ohio;  in  1865, 
while  absent  on  military  duty,  was  elected  Solicitor  of 
the  city  of  Cincinnati,  which  office  he  held  two  years; 
in  1867  was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  Hamilton  ( 'ounty, 
Ohio,  for  a  term  of  three  years;  in  1870  traveled  in 
Europe;  in  1871  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio;  in 
1873  was  re-nominated  for  Governor,  but  was  de 
feated  by  a  narrow  majority;  received  the  votes  of 
the  Republican  members  of  the  Legislature  for 
United  States  Senator,  but  was  not  elected;  in  1876 
was  Chairman  of  the  Ohio  Delegation  to  the  Repub 
lican  National  Convention,  and  nominated  the  suc 
cessful  candidate,  Rutherford  B.  Hayes;  in  1877  was 
appointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to 
France;  resigned  in  1881,  and  returned  to  his  home 
in  Cincinnati,  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession;  during  his  service  abroad,  was  sent  on  a 
special  mission  to  the  East,  visiting  all  the  countries 
bordering  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Noyes,  John;  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
College  in  1795;  was  subsequently  a  tutor  in  that 
institution;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Vermont,  from  1815  to  1817.  Died  in  1841, 
aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Noyes,  Joseph  C.;  was  born  at  Portland,  Maine, 
in  1798;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1833;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine,  from 
1837  to  1839,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture;  was  a  merchant  by  occupation;  was 
Collector  of  the  Passarnaquoddy  District  from  1841  to. 
1843;  was  subsequently  Treasurer  of  a  Portland  Sav 
ings  Bank.  Died  in  Portland,  July  21,  1868. 

Nuckolls,  Stephen  P.;  was  born  in  Grayson 
County,  Virginia,  August  16,  1825;  received  an 
academic  education;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1846, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1854  removed  , 
to  Nebraska  Territory;  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Nebraska  City,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
in  1859;  in  I860  went  to  Colorado  Territory,  and  en 
gaged  in  mining;  from  1864  to  1867  resided  in  New 
York  City;  settled  in  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  Territory, 
in  1867,  and  upon  the  organization  of  Wyoming  Ter 
ritory,  in  1869,  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Forty - 
first  Congress. 

Nuckolls,  William  C.;  was  born  in  South  Car 
olina;  graduated  at  the  University  of  that  State  in. 
1820;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1827  to  1833. 

Nugen,  Robert  H.;  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1809;  with  his  parents  re 
moved  to  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  in  1811:  settled 
in  Tuscarawas  County  in  1828;  in  1880  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals: 
declined  a  re-election. 

Nunn,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Hay  wood  County, 
Tennessee,  July  26,  1832;  was  educated  at  the  Col 
lege  of  West  Tennessee ;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
in  1863  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1865  *x> 


AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT  BUILDING 

WASHINGTON. 


BUREAU  OF  ENGRAVING  AND  PRINTING  BUILDING, 

WASHINGTON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


369 


the  State  House  of  Representatives;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee,  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Claims,  Invalid  Pensions,  and  Freed- 
inen's  Affairs. 

Nutting-,  Newton  W.;  was  born  in  Oswego 
County,  New  York,  October  22,  1840;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1863,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Oswego, 
New  York;  was  School  Commissioner  for  four  years ; 
was  District  Attorney  of  Oswego  County  from  1869 
to  1872;  was  County  Judge  from  January,  1878,  to 
March,  1883.  when  he  resigned,  having  been  elected 
a,  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Nye,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Madison  County, 
New  York,  June  10,  1815;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lin 
coln,  Governor  of  Nevada  Territory,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  continued  until  the  adoption  of  the  State 
Constitution,  when  he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  the  new  State  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1865,  and  ending  in  1867,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Naval  Affairs,  and  Territories,  and  as  Chairman 
of  that  on  Enrolled  Bills:  was  also  a  member  of  the 
National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  re 
mains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  in  January, 
1867,  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  end 
ing  in  1873,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Oakley,  Thomas  Jackson;  was  born  in 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  in  1783;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1801;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York;  in  1810  was 
appointed  Surrogate  of  Dutchess  County;  in  1813  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  where  he  con 
tinued  until  1815,  when  he  resumed  his  profession, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly;  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  the  State  of  New  York 
in  1819;  in  1820  again  served  in  the  Assembly,  and  in 
1827  was  again  elected  to  Congress;  in  1828,  when 
the  Superior  Court  of  New  York  City  was  organized, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  its  Judges ;  on  the  reorgani 
zation  of  the  Court  under  the  Constitution  of  1846, 
was  elected  the  Chief  Justice,  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  New 
York  City,  May  11,  1857.  The  duties  of  the  various 
stations  to  which  he  was  called  he  discharged  with 
fidelity  and  marked  ability. 

Gates,  "William  C.;  was  born  in  Pike,  (now 
Bullock)  County,  Alabama,  November  30,  1835;  was 
self-educated;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1858  and  practiced  with  success;  also  engaged  in 
farming  and  milling;  in  1861  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  Captain  and  was  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Conven 
tion  of  18G8;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  from  1870  to  1872;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1875;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty- 
ninth  Congresses. 

O'Bannon,  A.  J.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department;  in  1859  was  ap 
pointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  remaining 
in  office  until  1860. 

O'Brien,  James ;  was  born  in  King's  County, 
Ireland,  March  13,  1841;  received  a  common  school 
education;  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  set 
tled  in  New  York  City ;  was  elected  an  Alderman  in 

24 


1864,  and  re-elected  in  1866;  was  elected  Sheriff  in 
1867;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1871;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

O'Brien,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  at  Machias, 
Maine,  in  1768;  received  a  limited  education;  served 
six  years  in  the  Maine  Legislature;  was  a  farmer  and 
merchant;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maine  from  1823  to  1831.  Died  at  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  May  30,  1858. 

O'Brien,  William  J.;  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  May  28,  1836;  was  educated  at  St.  Mary's 
College;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1858;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  and  Forty-fourth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pensions. 

Ochiltree,  Thomas  P.;  was  born  in  Texas  in 
1837,  his  father  having  been  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Texas  Republic;  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  native  State;  at  the  age  of  seventeen  volunteered 
in  the  "Texas  Rangers,"  and  served  in  several  In 
dian  campaigns;  served  with  distinction  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  during  the  Civil  War,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel,  and  being  several  times  honorably 
mentioned  in  Special  Orders;  soon  after  the  close  of 
the  war  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  United 
States  Marshal  in  his  native  State;  was,  for  a  time, 
State  Commissioner  of  Emigration,  to  visit  Europe; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress. 

O'Connor,  M.  P.;  was  born  at  Beaufort,  South 
Carolina,  September  29,  1831;  was  graduated  from 
St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  New  York;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  prac 
tice;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  of 
South  Carolina  from  1858  to  1865;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress.  Died  April  26,  1881. 

Odell,  Moses  F.;  was  born  in  Tarry  town, 
Westchester  County,  New  York,  February  24,  1818; 
received  a  common  school  education ;  from  a  Clerk  he 
rose  to  the  position  of  Assistant  Collector  of  the  Port 
of  New  York,  under  President  Polk;  under  President 
Buchanan  held  the  post  of  Public  Appraiser;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Treasury  Department,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  that  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress;  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Military,  Affairs;  in  1865  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Johnson,  Naval  Agent  for  the  Port  of  New 
York.  Died  in  that  city  June  13,  1866.  He  was  a 
man  of  rare  business  habits,  and  universally  re- 
pected.  His  disease  was  cancer  in  the  mouth. 

Odell,  N.  Holmes ;  was  born  near  Tarrytown, 
New  York,  October  10,  1828;  graduated  at  the  Pauld- 
ing  Institute,  Tarrytown;  spent  four  years  in  the 
steamboat  business  between  Albany  and  New  York; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  during  two  successive 
sessions,  closing  in  1861;  was  founder  of  the  First 
National  Bank  at  Tarrytown,  and  was  its  first 
Cashier,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1864;  was  elected 
County  Treasurer  in  1866,  and  re-elected  in  1869  and 
L872;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

O'Donnell,  James ;  was  born  at  Norwalk,  Con 
necticut,  March  25,  1840;  removed,  with  his  parents, 

Michigan,  in  1848;  enjoyed  no  educational  advan 
tages,  but  after  commencing  to  learn  the  printer's 
trade,  in  1856,  made  up  this  deficiency  by  study  after 
working  hours;  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  First  Michi. 


370 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


gan  Infantry,  and  served  out  his  time,  participating 
in  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run;  was  Recorder  of  the 
City  of  Jackson,  Michigan,  for  fourterms,  1863-1886; 
established  the  Jackson  Daily  Citizen  in  1865,  and 
continued  its  owner  and  editor;  was  Presidential 
Elector  in  187-2,  and  was  designated  by  the  State 
Electoral  College  as  Messenger  to  convey  the  vote  of 
Michigan  to  Washington;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Jack 
son  in  1876  and  re-elected  in  1877;  in  1878  was  ap- 
'pointed  Aid-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Cros- 
well,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

O'Ferrall,  Charles  T.;  was  born  in  Frederick 
County,  Virginia,  October  21,  1840;  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  was  appointed  Clerk  pro  tempore  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Morgan  County,  Virginia,  to  lill  a 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  his  father,  and  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  County 
Court  of  that  County  for  six  years;  in  May,  1861, 
unlisted  in  the  cavalry  service  of  the  Confederate 
•States;  passed  through  all  the  grades  to  Colonel,  and 
at  the  surrender  of  Lee  was  in  command  of  all  the 
Confederate  Cavalry  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley;  was 
several  times  wounded — once  through  the  lungs;  soon 
after  the  close  of  the  war  studied  law  at  Washington 
College,  Lexington,  Virginia;  graduated  and  located 
at  Harrisonburg,  Virginia,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  was  a  member  of  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  of  Virginia  from  1871  to  1873;  was 
Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Rockingham  County 
from  1874  to  1880;  in  1882  was  the  Democratic 
nominee  for  Congress  in  the  Seventh  District  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  according  to  returns  he  received  11,941 
votes  against  12,146  votes  for  John  Paul,  the  nom 
inee  of  the  Republican-Readjuster  Coalition  party; 
contested  the  election,  and  was  seated  by  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress,  May  5,  1884;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Ogden,  Aaron ;  was  born  in  Elizabethtown, 
New  Jersey,  Decembers,  1756;  graduated  at  Nassau 
Hall  in  1773;  taught  school  for  a  time;  served  as  an 
officer  in  the  army  throughout  the  Revolutionary 
War;  had  a  horse  shot  under  him  at  the  battle  of 
Springfield,  New  Jersey;  participated  in  the  Sul 
livan  campaign  against  the  Indians;  for  his  services 
at  Yorktown  was  complimented  by  Washington; 
after  the  war  pursued  the  legal  profession  with 
distinction;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1800;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1801  to  1803;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  New  Jersey  in  1812;  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  President-General  of  the  Society  of  Cin 
cinnati.  Died  at  Jersey  City,  April  19,  1839.  Dur 
ing  the  War  of  1812,  President  Madison  tendered 
him  a  commission  as  Major-General  in  the  Army  of 
the  United  States,  which  honor  he  declined,  prefer 
ring  to  continue,  as  he  had  been,  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Militia  of  his  own  State. 

Ogden,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Morristown, 
New  Jersey;  studied  law;  took  up  his  residence  in 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York  in  1812;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  in  1814  and  1815;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1817  to  1819.  Died  at  Montreal,  Canada,  June  9, 
1829. 

Ogden,  Robert ,  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Colonial  Congress,  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1765. 

Ogier,  Isaac  S.  K.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
ivas  an  early  emigrant  to  California,  and  resided  at 
IA>S  Angeles;  in  1858  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of 
California. 


Ogle,  Alexander ;  was  born  in  Maryland  about 
the  year  1765;  removed,  at  an  early  age,  to  Somer 
set,  Pennsylvania;  in  1806  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  frequently  re-elected;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1817  to  1819;  subsequently  served  several  years  iu 
the  two  Houses  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Gen 
eral  of  Militia;  for  nine  years  was  Prothonotary  of  his 
County.  Died  in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania,  October 
14,  1852. 

Ogle,  Andrew  J.;  was  born  at  Somerset,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1822,  and  was  a  grandson  of  Alexander 
Ogle;  was  considered  a  precocious  politician,  and  was 
Prothonotary  of  his  County  when  twenty-one  years 
of  age;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1849  to  1851;  President  Fillmore 
appointed  him  Charge  d"  Affaires  to  Denmark  in  1852, 
but  he,  died  suddenly  of  apoplexy  before  accepting 
the  appointment. 

Ogle,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1751; 
was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  that  State  before  the 
Revolution;  was  Governor  from  1798  to  1801.  Died 
in  Annapolis,  July  6,  1809. 

Ogle,  Charles ;  was  a  son  of  Alexander  Ogle, 
and  was  born  at  Somerset,  Pennsylvania,  in  1798; 
was  educated  for  the  bar,  and  was  a  successful  law 
yer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1837  to  1841;  distinguished  himself 
by  a  speech  against  the  appropriation  for  furnishing 
the  Executive  Mansion;  was  a  General  of  Militia. 
Died  May  10,  1811,  having  been  elected  to  the  suc 
ceeding  Congress. 

Oglesby,  Richard  J.;  was  born  in  Oldham 
County,  Kentucky,  July  25,  1824;  settled  in  Illinois 
in  1836;  received  a  common  school  education;  was  a 
carpenter  for  two  years;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  served  one  year  in  the  Mexi 
can  War;  worked  two  years  in  the  mines  of  Califor 
nia;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1860;  resigned 
to  enter  the  volunteer  service  in  1861;  at  the  com 
mencement  of  the  Rebellion  was  chosen  Colonel, 
afterwards  appointed  Brigadier-General,  and  in  1863 
a  Major-General;  resigned  in  1864,  and  was  elected 
Governor  of  Illinois;  was  again  elected  Governor  in 
1872;  a  few  months  thereafter  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1879, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Public 
Lands,  and  Indian  Affairs;  in  1884  was  again  elected 
Governor  of  Illinois  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

O'Hara,  James  E.;  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  February  26,  1814;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed  to  North  Carolina;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872;  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Halifax;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Commissioners  of  Halifax  County  from  1872  to 
1876;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1875;  was  a  candidate  for  election  to  the 
Forty-sixth  Congress,  but  his  opponent  was  given  the 
certificate  of  election;  was  elected,  without  opposi 
tion,  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Olcott,  Simeon;  was  born  in  1737;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1761;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
the  practice  at  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire;  in  1784 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas;  in  1790  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  Chief 
Judge  of  the  same  Court  in  1795;  was  a  Senator  ir* 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1801  to  1805 
Died  in  New  Hampshire  in  1815. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


b71 


Olden,  Charles  C.;  was  born  in  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  in  1797;  after  engaging  in  mercantile  pur 
suits  in  New  Orleans  and  Philadelphia,  returned  to 
his  native  place  in  1825,  and  devoted  himself  to  farm 
ing  ;  between  the  years  1844  and  1850  was  twice 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1859  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State,  after  which  he  retired  to  private 
life  in  his  old  home  near  Princeton. 

Olds,  Edson  B.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was  edu 
cated  for  the  medical  profession;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1849  to  1855;  in  1862 
was,  for  a  short  time,  imprisoned  in  Fort  Lafayette 
for  supposed  disloyalty,  and  while  there  confined  was- 
elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  Ohio,  having 
previously  served  six  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  been  Speaker  of  the  Senate;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion  he  built  a  church  with  the  un 
derstanding  that  it  ' '  should  be  free  from  the  heresy 
of  regarding  slavery  and  rebellion  as  sins."  Died 
at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  January  24,  1869. 

Olin,  Abraham  B.;  was  born  in  Shaftsbury, 
Bennington  County,  Vermont,  in  1812;  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  in  1835;  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Troy,  New  York,  in  1838;  was 
for  three  years  Recorder  of  the  city  of  Troy;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
from  New  York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  in  1863 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1865 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Union 
College;  his  father,  Gideon  Olin,  was  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  during  the  administration  of  President  Jef 
ferson.  Died  July  7,  1879. 

Olin,  Gideon ;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island ;  re 
moving  to  Vermont,  became  one  of  its  founders;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  and  Speaker  of 
the  House;  a  Judge  of  the  County  Court,  and  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1807.  Died  at 
Shaftsbury,  Vermont,  in  1822. 

Olin,  Henry ;  his  boyhood  was  passed  in  Addi- 
son  County,  Vermont;  was  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  of  that  State  in  1799,  and,  excepting  four 
years,  continued  to  serve  in  that  capacity  until  1825; 
was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  "  of  1814,  1822,  and  1828;  was  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Addison  County  Court  from  1801  to 
1806;  was  Chief  Judge  of  said  court  in  1807,  and 
from  1810  to  1824;  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Charles  Rich,  in  1824,  and  served  through  the  term 
ending  in  1825;  was  also,  at  one  time,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State.  Died  at  Salisbury,  Vermont, 
in  1837,  aged  seventy  years. 

Oliphant,  E.  P.;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  appointed  from  that  State  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Wash 
ington,  residing  at  Whatcomb. 

Oliver,  Addison ;  was  born  in  Washington 
"ounty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1833;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College  in  1850;  spent  two  years  in  Arkansas 
as  a  teacher;  returned  to  Washington  in  1853,  and 
studied  law  with  William  Montgomery,  M.C. ;  was 
admitted  to  practice,  and  settled  in  Western  Iowa  iix 
1857;  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  House  of  Representa 
tives  in  1863,  and  to  the  Iowa  Senate  in  1865;  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1868, 


and  twice  re-elected  to  the  same  office,  which  he  con 
tinued  to  hold  until  elected  a  Representative  from 
Iowa  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Oliver,  Andrew ;  was  born  at  Springfield,  Otse- 
go  County,  New  York;  soon  after  his  birth,  in  1819, 
his  parents  removed  to  Penn  Yan,  in  Yates  County ; 
received  a  classical  education,  and  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1835;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1838,  and  entered  upon  a  successful  prac 
tice;  was  appointed  to  succeed  his  father  as  First 
Jwdge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1843,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  adoption  of  the  new  State 
Constitution;  in  1846  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Sur 
rogate  and  County  Courts;  in  1852  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Oliver,  Mordecai ;  was  born  in  Anderson  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  October  22,  1819;  emigrated  to  Mis 
souri  in  1832;  received  as  good  an  education  as  that 
country  afforded,  and  entered  upon  the  study  of  law 
at  the  age  of  nineteen,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1842;  was  elected  Circuit  Attorney  for  the  Fifth  Ju 
dicial  Circuit  of  Missouri  in  1848;  in  1852  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  upon  retiring  from 
Congress,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Richmond,  Missouri. 

Oliver,  William  M.;  was  a  native  of  Spring 
field,  Otsego  County,  New  York;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  for  a  long  time  First  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  State  Senator  and 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  1830,  and  a  Representative 
from  New  York  in  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress. 

Olney,  Cyrus  ;  was  a  native  of  New  York;  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  Territory  of  Oregon;  in  1853 
was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  that  District. 

O'Neal,  Edward  Asbury ;  was  born  in  Madi 
son  County,  Alabama;  graduated  from  La  Grange 
College;  studied  law,  and  settled  at  Florence,  Ala 
bama,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit  for 
four  years;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  Cap 
tain,  in  1861,  and  rapidly  rose  to  the  rank  of  Briga 
dier-General,  at  the  close  of  the  war  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  at  Florence;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1875;  in  1882  was 
elected  Governor  of  Alabama;  was  re-elected  in  1884, 

O'Neill,  Charles;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
March  21,  1821;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in. 
1840;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1843;  in 
1850,  1851,  and  1852  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  in  1853  to  the  State  Senate;  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature  in  1859;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce; 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on, 
the  same  committee;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth, 
Forty-first,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses, 
serving  again  on  the  same  committee  and  those  on 
Appropriations  and  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office 
Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-nintbi 
Congresses. 

O'Neill,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  December  17,  1821;  in  1827  settled,  with* 
his  father,  in  Frederick,  Maryland;  was  educated  ata 
St.  John's  College,  at  that  place;  studied  law,  and- 
came  to  the  bar  of  Maryland  in  1842;  in  1844  re- 


372 


BIOGRAPHICAL      ANNALS. 


moved  to  Ohio,  and  there  practiced  his  profession  in 
the  Supreme  Court;  in  1855  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Muskingura  County;  in  1862  was  electee 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Lane 
Claims. 

•  O'Neill,  John  J.;  was  born  at  St.  Louis,  Mis 
souri,  June  25,  1846,  of  Irish  parents;  received  £ 
common  school  education;  was  in  the  Governmem 
civil  service  during  the  Civil  War;  was  afterwards 
engaged  in  manufacturing  pursuits  ;  in  1872  was 
elected  a  .Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
was  re-elected  in  1874  and  1876;  in  1878  was  nomin 
ated  for  Congress  by  the  Workingmen's  party,  bul 
withdrew;  was  elected  to  the  Municipal  Assembly  01 
St.  Louis  in  1879,  and  re-elected  in  1881;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected .  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress;  signalized  his  service  by  the  intro 
duction,  and  passage,  during  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress,  of  a  bill  providing  for  the  arbitration  of  differ 
ences  between  employers  and  employees,  which  gave 
him  a  National  reputation. 

Ordway,  Nehemiah  G-.;  was  born  at  Warner, 
Merrimac  County,  New  Hampshire,  November  10, 
1828;  received  a  common  school  education;  was  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  1855;  removed  to 
Concord,  New  Hampshire,  and  was  appointed  Sheriff 
of  Merrimac  County  in  1856;  in  1861  was  appointed 
General  Agent  of  the  Post  Office  Department  for  the 
New  England  States,  with  headquarters  at  Boston, 
Massachusetts;  in  1863  was  elected  Sergeant-at-Arms 
of  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives,  and 
served,  by  re-election,  during  the  Thirty-eighth, 
Thirty-ninth,  Fortieth,  Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and 
Forty-third  Congresses;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1876  and  1877;  during  the  same  period 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  Tax 
Commission  to  revise  the  tax  system  of  the  State;  in 
1879  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1880  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Dakota  Territory  for  the  term 
of  four  years. 

O'Reilly,  Daniel;  was  born  at  Limerick,  Ire 
land,  June  3,  1838;  received  an  academic  education ; 
emigrated,  with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in 
1856;  settled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York;  was  City 
Weigher;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen 
in  1873,  1874,  and  1875;  acted  as  Supervisor  of  Kings 
County  in  1874  and  1875;  during  1875  was  President 
pro  tern,  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and,  for  five 
months,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Health;  also  act 
ing  Mayor  on  several  occasions;  was  again  elected 
Alderman  for  the  years  1878  and  1879;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Ormsby,  Stephen;  was  educated  for  the  bar; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Kentucky;  a 
Brigade-Major  under  Harmer  in  his  campaign  of 
1790;  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1811  to  1817; 
was  defeated  in  1813,  but  his  successful  competitor, 
John  Simpson,  having  been  killed  at  the  battle  of 
River  Raisin,  he  was  re-elected  before  the  opening  of 
Congress.  Lived  to  an  advanced  age,  and  died  at 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  1846. 

Orr,  Alexander  D.;  was  a  native  of  Virginia- 
removed  to  Kentucky;  in  1784  settled  in  Mason 
County;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1792;  upon  the  admission  of  Kentucky  into  the 
Union,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 


that  State  from  1792  to  1797.     Died  in  Paris,  Ken 
tucky,  June  21,  1835,  aged  seventy  years. 

Orr,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Bedford,  New 
Hampshire.  December  1,  1772;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1798;  in  his  youth  worked  at  a, 
trade  and  taught  school;  studied  law,  and  began  to 
practice  at  Topsham,  Maine,  in  1801 ;  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Brunswick,  where  he  was  eminent  in  chan 
cery  practice;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Massachusetts  from  1817  to  1819;  was  the  author  of 
an  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington,  in  1800. 
Died  in  Brunswick,  September  1,  1828. 

Orr,  Jackson ;  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Ohio,  September  21,  1832;  received  a  good  education, 
and  attended  an  irregular  course  at  the  University  of 
Indiana;  studied  law,  but  devoted  himself  to  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  served  in  the  army  as  Captain  in 
the  Tenth  Iowa  Infantry;  was  a  member  of  the  Leg 
islature  of  Iowa  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Orr,  James  L.;  was  born  at  Craytonville,  South 
Carolina,  May  12,  1822 ;  received  his  education 
chiefly  in  the  University  of  Virginia;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  in  1844  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  re-elected  in 
1845;  in  1848  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina,  to  which  position  he  was 
subsequently  re-elected;  during  the  Thirty-second 
Congress  was  frequently  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  the  Whole  on  the  State  of  the  Union,  and  during 
the  next  Congress  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs;  on  the  assembling  of  the  Thirty -fifth 
Congress,  was  elected  Speaker;  in  December,  1860, 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  visit 
Washington  in  behalf  of  South  Carolina;  in  1865  was 
elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina;  was  subsequently 
appointed  Minister  to  Russia.  Died  at  St.  Peters 
burg,  Russia,  May  5,  1873. 

Orr,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829. 

Orth,  Grodlove  S.;  was  born  near  Lebanon, 
Pennsylvania,  April  22,  1817;  was  educated  chiefly 
at  the  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg;  studied 

law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1839,  locating  in  Indiana; 
in  1843  and  1846  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  six  years  in  all,  one  year  as  President  of  that 

body;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  was  a 
member  of  the  "Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  in  1862 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs;  in  1862,  when  a  call  was  made  for 
men  to  defend  Indiana  from  threatened  incursions, 

lie  organized  a  company  in  two  hours,  was  elected 

Captain  and  placed  in  command  of  the  United  States 
ram  Horner,  cruising  the  Ohio  River,  and  doing  much 
to  restore  quiet  along  the  borders  of  Kentucky,  Indi 
ana,  and  Illinois;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 

Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Death  of 

President  Lincoln,  Freedmen,  and  Foreign  Affairs; 

•e-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  was  also  i 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-third  Congresses, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  i 
Affairs;  in  March,  1875,  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Austria,  having  previously  declined  the  Mission  to 

Brazil;  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1877;  was 
again  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Representative  from 
Tndiana  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses.  Died  December  16,  1882. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


373 


Orton,  William;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
appointed  from  that  State,  in  1865,  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue  in  the  United  States  Treasury,  but 
only  held  the  office  one  year;  afterwards  became 
President  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company. 
Died  April  22,  1878. 

Osborn,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  at  Meadville, 
Pennsylvania,  October  26,  1836;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  was,  for  a  time,  a  student  at  Allegheny 
College;  learned  the  printing  business,  but  aban 
doned  it  for  the  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Pontiac,  Michigan,  in  1857;  soon  afterwards  removed 
to  Kansas;  was  elected  County  Attorney  of  Doniphan 
County  in  1858;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1859; 
in  1862  became  President  of  the  Senate;  the  same 
year  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of  the  State; 
was  United  States  Marshal  from  1864  to  1866;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Kansas  in  1872  and  re-elected  in 
1874;  was  United  States  Minister  to  Chili  from  1877 
to  1881,  during  which  time  he  conducted  important 
negotiations  between  various  South  American  Pow 
ers;  in  1881  was  promoted  to  the  post  of  United 
States  Minister  to  Brazil. 

Osborn,  Thomas  O.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  re 
moved  to  Illinois;  in  1874  was  appointed  Minister 
Resident  to  the  Argentine  Confederation,  residing  at 
Buenos  Ayres. 

Osborn,  T.  W.;  was  born  in  Westfield,  Essex 
County,  New  Jersey,  March  9,  1836;  when  a  boy, 
went  with  his  father  to  Jefferson  County,  New  York, 
where  he  worked  on  a  farm,  and  acquired  a  common 
school  education;  graduated  at  the  Madison  Univers 
ity  in  1860;  entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  but  in 
1861  was  mustered  into  the  military  service  as  a 
Lieutenant  of  Artillery;  as  Captain,  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  Williamsburg  and  Fair  Oaks,  and  as  Chief 
of  Artillery,  was  engaged  in  nearly  all  the  subse 
quent  battles  of  the  Peninsula,  and  also  in  the  Army 
of  Tennessee,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was 
three  times  wounded  in  battle,  and  had  an  arm  and 
shoulder  broken  by  a  railway  accident;  after  the  war 
went  to  Florida  for  his  health ;  practiced  law  at  Tal 
lahassee;  was  made  a  Register  of  Bankruptcy  in  1867; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention  which  adopted 
the  new  Constitution,  which  he  drafted;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Florida,  for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Patents  and  Public  Lands. 

Osborne,  Edwin  S.,  was  born  at  Bethany, 
Wayne  County,  Pennsylvania,  August?,  1839;  grad 
uated  from  the  University  of  Northern  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  from  the  National  Law  School  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York;  received  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in 
the  class  of  1860;  read  law  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  there  in  Febru 
ary,  1861;  in  April  of  that  year  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Arm.y ;  in  1862  was  commissioned  Captain  of  Com 
pany  F,  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Regiment  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  in  1863  was  promoted  to 
Major  and  appointed  Assistant  Inspector-General; 
after  the  close  of  the  war,  was  detailed  as  a  Judge 
Advocate  in  the  Bureau  of  Military  Justice,  at  Wash 
ington;  while  in  this  position  performed  some  very 
important  legal  duties,  among  which  was  an  investi 
gation  of  the  cruelties  inflicted  upon  Union  prisoners 
by  the  Confederate  troops  in  charge  of  Andersonville 
and  other  Confederate  prisons ;  the  result  of  this  in 
vestigation  was  the  trial  and  execution  of  Captain 
Wirz,  the  Confederate  commandant  at  Anderson 
ville;  left  the  army  in  1863  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania;  in  1870  was 


appointed  Major-General  in  the  National  Guard  of 
Pennsylvania;  as  such,  commanded  the  troops  sent 
to  Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  in  1871,  to  suppress  the 
mining  riots;  again,  in  1874,  at  Hazleton,  during  the 
mining  troubles;  at  Susquehanna  during  the  railway 
strike  in  1875,  and  at  Wilkesbarre  during  the  riots 
of  1877;  in  1878  resigned  from  the  National  Guard; 
in  1883  was  Commander  of  the  Department  of  Penn 
sylvania  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  in  the  same 
year  was  elected  a  member  of  the  School  Board  of 
the  Third  District  of  Wilkesbarre,  of  which  he  was 
chosen  President  in  1885;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Rep- 
resentative-at-large  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Osborne,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  Fairneld 
County,  Connecticut,  in  1797;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1817;  studied  law,  and  was,  for  several  years, 
Judge  of  Fairneld  County;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1839  to  1843;  in  1848  settled  in  New 
Haven,  and  became  a  Professor  in  the  Law  Depart 
ment  of  Yale  College;  in  1856  received  from  the 
Wesleyan  University  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
Died  in  New  Haven,  September  2,  1869. 

Osgood,  Gayton  P.;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1815;  served  in  the  Massachusetts  Leg 
islature  in  1829  and  1831;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1832  to  1835. 
Died  June  26,  1861,  aged  sixty -four  years. 

Osgood,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Andover,  Massa 
chusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1770; 
studied  theology,  but  losing  his  health  became  a 
merchant;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Essex  Convention  in 
1774;  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  on 
many  important  committees;  in  1775  and  1776  was 
Aid  to  General  Ward,  and  member  of  the  Board  of 
War;  Captain  at  Lexington  and  Cambridge  in  1775; 
left  the  army  in  1776,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel  and 
Assistant  Commissary ;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
until  1780,  and  then  State  Senator;  was  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1784;  First 
Commissioner  of  the  United  States  Treasury  from 
1785  to  1789;  United  States  Postmaster-General  from 
1789  to  1791 ;  afterwards  member  of  the  New  York 
Legislature  and  Speaker  of  the  House;  Supervisor  of 
New  York  from  1801  to  1803,  and  from  that  time  un 
til  his  death  was  Naval  Officer  of  that  port;  he  pub 
lished  a  work  on  Chronology;  "Remarks  on  Daniel 
and  Revelation  ";  "  Letters  on  Episcopacy";  "  The 
ology  and  Metaphysics, "  and  other  subjects.  Died 
in  New  York,  August  12,  1813. 

Osmer,  J.  H.;  was  born  January  22,  1833;  passed 
his  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm  in  Centre  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools, 
and  at  Pine  Grove  Academy,  Mount  Pleasant  Col 
lege,  and  Dickinson  Seminary,  Pennsylvania;  taught 
school;  studied  law  at  Elmira,  New  York,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  there  in  1859;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Republican  State  Convention  of  New  York  in 
1861;  removed  to  Franklin,  Pennsylvania,  in  1865;  was 
a  member  of  the  Republican  State  Committee;  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1876; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
Forty-sixth  Congress. 

O' Sullivan,  John  L.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York 
City ;  a  man  of  liberal  education ;  associated  for  some 
years  with  the  magazine  literature  of  the  country, 
and  also  with  politics;  in  1854  was  appointed  Charge 
d'  Affaires  to  Portugal;  in  a  few  months  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Minister  Resident;  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1858. 


574 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Oswald,  John  Holt ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
1800,  remaining  in  office  only  one  year. 

Otero,  Mariano  S.;  was  born  at  Peralta,  New 
Mexico,  August  29,  1844;  was  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  engaged  in  commer 
cial  pursuits  and  stock-raising;  was  Probate  Judge 
from  1871  to  1879;  was  nominated  a  Delegate  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress,  but  declined;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  from  New  Mexico  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

Otero,  Miguel  A.;  was  born  at  Valencia,  New 
Mexico,  June  21, 1829;  was  educated  at  the  St.  Louis 
University,  in  Missouri;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  Missouri  in  1852;  returning  to 
New  Mexico,  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legisla 
ture;  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  the  Territory,  but  de 
clined  to  serve;  for  a  time  held  the  office  of  Attorney- 
General  for  the  Territory;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress  from  New  Mexico.  Died  May  31, 
1882. 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray ;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  October  8,  1765;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1783,  and  soon  became  a  success 
ful  practitioner  at  the  bar;  was  for  many  years  an 
active  and  leading  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
serving  as  Speaker  and  President  of  the  Senate ;  was 
chosen  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Suffolk 
District  in  1797,  and  served  through  President 
Adams's  administration;  in  1817  was  chosen  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  where  he  remained  for  five  years; 
was  also  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and 
Mayor  of  Boston,  for  whose  prosperity  he  ac 
complished  much  good,  displaying,  in  all  his  public 
stations,  great  ability  and  the  utmost  fidelity  to  the 
public  interests;  was  apointed,  by  President  Adams, 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Massachusetts; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Hartford  Convention"  in 
1811;  was  distingushed  for  his  scholarly  acquire 
ment;,  and  for  his  eloquence  as  an  orator.  Died  at 
Bosto  i,  October  28,  1848. 

Otis,  John  ;  was  born  in  Maine,  iu  1801;  gradu 
ated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1823;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  served  five  years  in  the  Maine  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Commissioner  for  settling  the  North 
eastern  Boundary;  was  a  Representative  in  Ccngress 
from  Maine,  from  1849  to  185].  Died  OctoLe  •  17 
1856. 

Otis,  Samuel  Allyne ;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1759;  in  1776  was  a  Representative  in  the  Assembly. 
and  subsequently  a  member  of  the  Convention  whicl'i 
framed  the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts;  from  1787 
to  1788  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  holding  that  office 
lor  more  than  thirty  years.  Died  at  Washington, 
April  22,  1814,  aged  seventy -three  years. 

Otterbourg,  Marius ;  was  a  citizen  of  Wiscon 
sin;  while  holding  the  position  of  Consul  in  Mexico, 
he  was,  in  1866,  made  Acting  Charge  d' Affaires,  and 
in  the  following  year  received  the  appointment  of 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  but  shortly  afterwards  re 
turned  to  the  United  States. 

Otto,  'William  T.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
January  19,  1817;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  studied  law  and  removed  to  Indiana, 
where  he  followed  his  profession  until  1844.  when  he 


was  elected  a  District  Judge  for  six  years;  became 
a  Professor  of  Law  in  the  University  of  Indiana;  in 
1863  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
Department,  and  remained  in  that  position  until 
1871,  when  he  was  appointed  Arbitrator  on  the  part 
of  the  United  States,  on  the  Commission  for  the 
Settlement  of  Claims  of  American  Citizens  against 
Spain ;  in  1875  was  appointed  Reporter  of  Decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Court. 

Oury,  Granville  H.;  was  born  in  Abingdon, 
Virginia,  March  12,  1825;  removed  to  Missouri  in 
1836;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848, 
and  removed  to  Texas;  in  1849  went  to  California 
and  engaged  in  mining;  in  1856  settled  in  Arizona; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Territorial  Legis 
lature  in  1866,  1873,  and  1875,  serving  as  Speaker 
the  first  two  terms;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Arizona  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Outhwaite,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  December  5,  1841;  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Zanesville,  Ohio ;  taught  two  years  in  the 
High  School  of  that  city,  and  was  principal  of  a 
grammar  school  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  three  years; 
read  law  while  teaching;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1866;  practiced  law  at  Osceola,  Missouri,  from  1867 
to  1871;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Frank 
lin  County,  Ohio,  in  1874,  and  again  in  1876;  was 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  County  Children's  Home 
from  March,  1879,  until  July,  1883;  was  one  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  sinking  fund  of  the  city  of  Colum 
bus,  Ohio,  in  1883,  and  in  1884  was  re-appointed  for 
a  term  of  five  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress 

Outlaw  David;  *as  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  University  of  that 
State  m  1824;  read  law  at  Newbern,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1827;  served  three  years  in  the 
louse  of  Commons;  was  elected  Solicitor  of  Eden- 
ton  District  in  1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
gress  from  1847  to  1853. 

Outlaw  George  O.;  was  born  in  Bertie  County 
North   Carolina;    was  a   member  of   the  House  of 
Commons  in  1796;   in  the  State  Senate  a  number 
rt  years  thereafter;    was  a  Representative  in  Con- 

gf  T0^mg  the  years  1824  ^  1825-  D*ed  August 
.o,  loob. 

Overstreet,  James;  was  a  native  of  Barnwell 
District,  South  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1822  Died  in 

\JM&, 

Overton,  Edward,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Towanda, 
Pennsylvania,  February  4,  1836;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  New  Jersey,  in  1856;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1858;  served  in  the 
Jmon  Army  from  1861  to  1864,  rising  to  the  rank  of 

^  IQ«^  .  °  ?Sel;  Was  a  ReSister  in  Bankrupcy 
rom  1867  to  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative 
rom  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Fortv- 
rxth  Congresses. 

Overton,  Walter  H.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Louisiana,  from  1829  to  1831. 

Owen,  Allen  P.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
having  removed  to   Georgia,  was  elected  a  Repre- 
entative  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1851.  was  subse- 
•uently  appointed  Consul  at  Havana 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


375 


Owen,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Brunswick 
County,  Virginia,  in  1798;  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  Alabama;  Mayor  of  Mobile 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1823  to  1829,  when  he  was  appointed  Collectoi 
of  the  Port  of  Mobile.  Died  August  18,  1839,  at  Mo 
bile,  Alabama. 

Owen,  James;  was  born  in  Bladen  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  December,  1784;  was  well  edu 
cated;  adopted  the  occupation  of  a  planter;  was  a 
General  of  Militia;  was  four  years  a  member  of  the 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Owen,  Robert  Dale;  was  born  in  Glasgow. 
Scotland,  November  7,  1801 ;  his  grandfather,  David 
Dale,  was  an  eminent  cotton  manufacturer  on  the 
Clyde,  and  his  father,  Robert  Owen,  was  the  cele 
brated  philanthropist;  was  educated  by  a  private- 
tutor  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he  entered  the 
private  college  of  Hofwyl,  near  Berne,  in  Switzerland, 
remaining  there  three  years;  in  1826,  his  father  having 
purchased  the  estate  of  New  Harmony,  in  Indiana, 
he  emigrated  to  this  country;  in  1835  was  chosen  to 
the  Indiana  Legislature,  and  twice  re-elected;  in 
1843  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Indiana,  and  re-elected  in  1845;  introduced  the  bill 
organizing  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  was  one 
of  its  first  Regents;  also  submitted  the  resolution 
which  brought  about  the  settlement  of  the  Oregon 
Boundary;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the  "Constitutional 
Convention"  of  Indiana,  and  made  its  Chairman;  in 
1853  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Minister  to 
Naples,  remaining  there  five  years ;  in  1860  published 
"Footfalls  on  the  Boundary  of  Another  World,"  and 
in  1864  "The  Wrong  of  Slavery  and  the  Right  of 
Emancipation";  after  a  succession  of  efforts,  extend 
ing  through  fifteen  years,  he  procured  the  passage, 
in  Indiana,  of  laws  securing  to  women  independent 
rights  of  property;  during  the  Rebellion  served  on 
two  important  Government  Commissions;  subse 
quently  devoted  much  attention  to  Spiritualism,  and 
in  1875  became  temporarily  insane;  notwithstanding 
his  many  peculiar  opinions,  he  was  reputed  to  be  a 
pure-hearted  man,  and,  as  a  writer  of  English,  had 
few  equals. 

Owen,  "William  D.;  was  born  at  Bloomjngton, 
Indiana,  September  6,  1846 ;  was  educated  at  the  In 
diana  State  University;  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Christian  Church;  removed  to  Logansport,  Indiana, 
in  1881;  was  engaged  in  literary  pursuits,  being  the 
author,  among  other  writings,  of  ' '  Success  in  Life : ' 
and  ' '  The  Genius  of  Industry  " ;  in  1884  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Owens,  George  "W.;  was  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Georgia  bar;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  I'rom  1835  to  1839.  Died  at  Savan 
nah,  in  1856. 

Owsley,  Bryan  Y.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Owsley,  "William;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1782;  with  his  father  settled  in  Lincoln  County, 
Kentucky,  in  1783;  taught  school  and  studied  law; 
represented  Garrard  County  for  several  years  in  the 
Legislature;  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State  from  1812  to  1828;  removed  to  Boyle  County  in 
1843;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1844  to  1848. 
Died  in  Danville,  Kentucky,  in  December,  1862. 


Paca,  "William ;  was  born  at  Wye  Hall,  Har- 
ford  County,  Maryland,  October  31,  1740;  graduated 
at  Philadelphia  College  in  1758;  was  admitted  a 
student  at  the  Middle  Temple,  London,  in  17G2; 
practiced  law  at  Annapolis,  Maryland;  was  a  m<  m- 
ber  of  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1771,  and  op 
posed  the  Royal  Government;  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Correspondence  in  1774,  and  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1779;  was 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  State 
Senator  from  1777  to  1779;  Chief  Justice  of  the  State 
from  1778  to  1780;  Chief  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals  and  Admiralty  from  1780  to  1782;  was  elected 
Governor  in  1782  and  1786;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  ratified  the  Constitution  in  1788; 
was  United  buites  District  Judge  from  1789  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1799. 

Pacheco,  Romualdo ;  was  born  at  Santa  Bar 
bara,  California,  October  31,  1831;  was  educated  by 
private  tutors;  engaged  in  nautical  pursuits,  and  sub 
sequently  in  agriculture;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1853;  in  1855  was  elected  Coun 
ty  Judge,  and  served  four  years;  was  a  State  Senator 
in  1851,  and  again  in  1861;  was  elected  State  Treas 
urer  in  1863;  was  again  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1808;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1871,  and 
became  Governor  by  the  election  of  Governor  Booth 
to  the  United  States  Senate;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress, 
but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  P.  D. 
Wigginton;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Packard,  Jasper  ;  was  born  in  Mahoning  (for 
merly  Trumbull)  County,  Ohio,  in  February,  1832; 
went,  with  his  father,  to  Indiana  in  1835;  worked 
011  his  farm  until  1850;  was  a  student  at  Ober- 
lin  College,  but  graduated  at  the  University  of  Michi 
gan  in  1855;  taught  school  one  year,  and  removing  to 
Laporte,  Indiana,  edited  the  Union  newspaper; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1861;  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  entered  the  volunteer 
army  as  a  private;  served  as  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
Vicksburg  campaign,  and  during  the  assault  on  that 
place  was  vounded  in  the  face;  was  commissioned  a 
Captain,  and  served  in  the  campaign  from  Memphis 
to  Chattanooga;  received  two  promotions  during  the 
Atlanta  Campaign;  in  1865  was  appointed  a  Brig 
adier-General  by  brevet,  for  meritorious  services;  on 
being  mustered  out  of  service,  in  1866,  was  chosen 
Auditor  of  Laporte  County,  Indiana,  holding  the 
office  until  1868,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  suc 
ceeding  Schuyler  Colfax,  and  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Military  Affairs  and  Mileage;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims. 

Packer,  Asa  ;  was  born  in  Groton,  Connecticut, 
December  29,  1805;  never  had  a  whole  year's  school 
ing  in  his  life;  in  1822  removed  to  Susquehanna 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  learned  the  trade  of  a 
carpenter;  in  1833  settled  in  Mauch  Chunk;  built  a 
canal-boat,  and  acted  as  her  Captain  between  that 
place  and  Philadelphia;  designed  and  built  the 
"  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,"  as  well  as  the  Railroad 
leading  from  Mauch  Chunk  to  Erie;  gave  five  hundred 
thousand  dollars  and  land  to  found  the  Lehigh  Uni 
versity;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  served 
as  Judge  of  a  County  Court;  was  a  Representative  in 
tongress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1853  to  1857;  in 
1875  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  the  Centennial 
Exhibition. 


376 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Packer,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Sunbury,  Penn 
sylvania,  March  21,  1824;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  was 
a  District  Attorney  from  1842  to  1847;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1850  and  1851 ;  was  J 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  j 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Banking  and  Currency,  and  the  Interior  Department; 
was  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Congresses, 
serving  on  several  important  Committees,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Jioads. 

Packer,  William  F.;  was  born  in  Centre  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1807;  became  a  printer;  studied 
law,  but  never  practiced;  published  the  Li/coming  Ga 
zette  from  1827  to  1836,  was  Canal  Commissioner  1 
from  1839  to  1842;  State  Auditor  from  1842  to  1845;  | 
State  Senator  from  1845  to  1848;  then  President  of 
the  Susquehanna  Railroad  Company  until  its  con 
solidation  with  the  Northern  Central  Railroad  Com 
pany,  of  which  he  was  Director  until  1858;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1858  to  1861.  Died  at 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  September  27,  1870. 

Paddock,  Algernon  S.;  was  born  at  Glenn's 
•Falls,  New  York,  November  5,  1830;  was  educated, 
studied  law,  and  admitted  to  the  bar  there;  settled 
in  Nebraska  in  1857;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  in  1860;  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  Nebraska  Territory  in  1861,  which  office  he 
held  until  the  admission  of  the  State  in  1867;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  in  1864;  was  a 
candidate  for  Congress  in  1868;  was  appointed  Gov 
ernor  of  Wyoming  Territory  in  1868,  and  declined 
the  office;  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  hydraulic 
cement  at  Beatrice,  Nebraska;  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Nebraska  for  the  term  commencing 
in  1875  and  ending  in  1881. 

Padelford,  Seth  ;  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  in  1869,  and  remained  in  office  until  1875. 
Died  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  August  26,  1878 

Page,  Horace  Francis ;  was  born  in  Orleans 
County,  New  York,  October  20,  1833;  received  a  good 
education;  emigrated  to  California  in  1854;  Avas  a 
stage-proprietor  and  mail-contractor;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty -third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty -fourth  Congress;  was,  also,  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Page,  John ;  was  born  at  Rose  well,  Gloucester 
County,  Virginia,  April   17,  1743;  graduated  at  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  College  in  1763,  which  he  represented 
in  the  House  of  Burgesses;  was  a  member  of  the  Col 
onial  Council;  displayed  an  ardent  attachment  to  the 
Colonies  during  the  Revolution;  in  1776  was  one  of 
the  most  conspicuous  members  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Constitution  of  Virginia,  and  was 
appointed  one  of  the  first  Councilors;  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  a  Lieuten ant-Governor 
of  the  State;  commanded  a  militia  regiment  during  I 
the  British  invasion;  was  one  of  the  first  Representa-  ! 
tives  to  Congress  from  Virginia,  serving  from  1789  to  ! 
1797;  was  Presidential  Elector  in  1800;  Governor  of  j 
the  State  from  1802  to  1805;  published  addresses  to  i 
the  people  in   1796  to  1799;  was  Commissioner    of 
Loans  for  Virginia  from  1806  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Richmond,  October  11,  1808. 

Page,  John  ;  was  born  in  Haverhill,  New  Hamp 
shire,  May  21,  1787;  received  an  academic  education- 
was  chiefly  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits;  in  1815  j 
was  appointed  an  Assessor  of  Taxes;  was  a  Register  i 


of  Deeds  from  1828  to  1834  for  Grafton  County;  served 
in  the  New  Hampshire  Legislature  in  1818,  1819, 
1820,  and  1835;  in  1836  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  again  in  1838;  during  the  in 
tervening  year,  1837,  served  as  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  Isaac  Hill,  resigned;  was 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1839  to  1842;  was 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  a  leading 
member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Died  at  Concord, 
September  8,  1865. 

Page,  JohnB.;  was  born  in  Rutland,  Vermont, 
in  1826;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1867  to 
1869.  Died  October  24,  1885. 

Page,  Mann;  was  a  Delegate  from  Virginia  to 
the  Continental  Congress  in  1777. 

Page,  Robert;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1799  to  1801. 

Page,  Sherman ;  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York,  from  Otsego 
County,  in  1827;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837;  was  also  Judge  of 
the  Common  Pleas  in  Otsego  County.  Died  in 
Unadilla. 

Paige,  David  B.;  was  born  at  Madison,  Ohio, 
April  8,  1844;  graduated  from  Union  College,  New 
York,  in  1865;  engaged  in  the  hardware  business  at 
Akron,  Ohio;  was  elected  Treasurer  of  Summit 
County  in  1874,  and  re-elected  in  1876;  was  the  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Secretary  of  State  in  1878;  be 
came  largely  engaged  in  railroad  construction;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Paine,  Byron ;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin ;  edu 
cated  for  the  legal  profession ;  was  for  several  years 
the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Wisconsin 
when  it  was  a  Territory;  acquired  considerable  fame 
on  account  of  a  judicial  decision  which  conflicted 
with  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  Died  at 
Milwaukee,  January  17,  1871. 

Paine,  Charles ;  was  born  at  Williamstown, 
Vermont,  April  15.  171)9;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1820;  engaged  in  manufacturing,  in  which 
he  was  very  successful;  rendered  the  State  great  ser 
vice  in  the  construction  of  its  railroads;  his  last 
project  was  the  exploration  of  a  Southern  route  for  a 
great  Pacific  Railroad;  was  a  liberal  patron  of  the 
University  of  Vermont  and  the  Northfield  Academy; 
was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1841  to  1843.  Died 
at  Waco,  Texas,  July  6,  1853. 

Paine,  Elijah  ;  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  Connecti 
cut.  January  21,  1757;  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1781;  was  the  first  President,  of  the  Phi-Beta- 
Kappa  Society  of  Harvard,  and  pronounced  the  first 
oration  before  the  same;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  having  settled  in  Vermont,  was  one  of  the  most 
useful  pioneers  of  the  new  State,  following  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession,  and  the  employments  of  farmer, 
road-maker  and  cloth  manufacturer;  in  1786  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  called  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution,  and  was  Secretary;  in  1787  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  so  continued  until  1791, 
when  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
was  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  settle  the  contro 
versy  between  Vermont  and  N«w  York  in  1789;  was 
a  Trustee  of  Dartmouth  College;  President  of  the 
Vermont  Colonization  Society;  a  pecuniary  benefac 
tor  to  the  University  of  Vermont;  received  from  Har 
vard  College  the  degree  of  LL.D.;  was  elected  a  Fel 
low  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 


BIOGJiAPHlCAL     ANNALS. 


377 


and  an  ordinary  member  of  several  other  literary  in 
stitutions;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Vermon 
from  1795  to  1801;  in  1801  was  appointed,  by  Pres 
dent  Adams,  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Vermont 
which  office  he  held  until  within  a  month  of  hi 
death,  when  he  resigned.  Died  at  Williamstown 
Vermont,  April  21,  1842. 

Paine,  Ephraim ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Yor 
to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1784  and  1785. 

Paine,  Halbert  E.;  was  born  in  Chardon,  Geaug 
County,  Ohio,  February  4,  1826;  graduated  at  th 
Western  Reserve  College  in  1845;  studied  law,  anc 
came  to  the  bar  in  1848,  settling  in  Cleveland;  re 
moved  to  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in  1857;  entere 
the  army  in  1861  as  Colonel  of  the  Fourth  Wisconsii 
Regiment;  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier 
General  in  March,  1863;  lost  a  leg  in  the  following 
June,  while  in  command  of  the  Third  Division  of  th< 
Nineteenth  Corps,  at  the  last  assault  on  Port  Hudson 
in  March,  1865,  was  brevetted  a  Major-General ;  re 
signed  his  commission  in  May,  1865;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-nintl 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections,  the 
Select  Committee  on  the  Freedmen,  and  that  on  the 
Militia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyal 
ists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  For 
tieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Recon 
struction,  and  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Bounties,  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia;  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  and  made  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  March  11,  1731;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1749 ;  taught  school  for  a  time  to 
support  his  parents,  for  which  object  he  also  made  a 
tour  to  Europe;  studied  theology,  and  in  1785  acted 
as  Chaplain  to  the  Northern  Provincial  troops;  after 
wards  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1759, 
and  settled  at  Taunton  to  practice;  in  1770  conduct 
ed  the  prosecution  of  the  men  engaged  in  the  Boston 
massacre;  in  1773  was  Representative  in  the  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress 
from  1774  to  1775;  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1774  to  1778,  and  a  signer  of  the  Dec 
laration  of  Independence;  in  1776  was  one  of  the 
Deputies  sent  by  Congress  to  visit  the  army  of 
Schuyler  in  the  North;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  State  in  1777;  was  Attorney- 
General  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  member  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  Council;  in  1779  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention;  removed  to  Boston  in  1780; 
was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  from 
1790  to  1804;  was  founder  of  the  American  Academy 
of  Massachusetts  in  1780;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Harvard  in  1805.  Died  in  Boston,  May 
11,  1814. 

Paine,  Robert  T.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Painter,  Gamaliel ;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  May  22,  1743;  received  a  common 
school  education;  erected  the  first  house  in  Middle- 
bury,  Vermont,  in  1773;  served  as  Captain  and  Quar 
termaster  in  the  Revolutionary  Army;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Convention  that  declared  the  Independence  of 
Vermont  in  1777;  was  a  State  Representative;  Judge 
of  the  County  Court,  and  Councilor  in  1813  and 
1814;  a  member  of  the  first  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  Vermont  in  1793;  was  principal  founder  of 
Middlebury  College,  to  which,  at  his  death,  he  left 
a  bequest  of  about  ten  thousand  dollars.  Died  at 
Middlebury,  May  21,  1819. 


Palen,  Joseph  G.;  was  born  in  New  York,  from 
which  State  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  tf  the 
Supreme  Court  for  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 
Died  at  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  December  21,  1875. 

Palen,  Rufus ;  was  born  in  New  York ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839 
to  1841. 

Palfrey,  John  G.;  was  born  in  Boston  May  2, 
1795;  was  prepared  for  college  at  Exeter  Academy, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1815;  studied  theology, 
and  was  ordained  a  Unitarian  preacher  in  1818;  was 
subsequently,  for  a  number  of  years,  editor  of  the 
North  American  Review;  was  Professor  of  Sacred 
Literature  in  Harvard  College  from  1830  to  1838,  and 
received  from  that  institution  the  degrees  of  D.  D. 
and  LL.  D. ;  delivered  a  course  of  Lectures  before  the 
Lowell  Institute;  during  the  years  1842  and  1847 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Court;  was  elected 
Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts; 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1847  to  184!);  his 
published  writings  are  numerous,  chiefly  of  a 
theological  and  political  character;  his  last  work  was 
a  history  of  New  England;  in  1861  was  appointed 
Postmaster  of  Boston;  in  1869  received  from  Har 
vard  University  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Palmer,  Beriah ;  was  born  in  New  York;  served 
four  years  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York  from  Sara 
toga  County;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1803  to  1805. 

Palmer,  O.  S.;  was  born  at  Underbill,  Chittenden 
County,  Vermont,  November  2,  1844;  received  a 
common  school  and  academic  education;  in  18(52,  by 
an  arrangement  with  his  brother,  who  had  enlisted 
in  the  Union  Army,  young  Palmer  assumed  the 
Brother's  uniform  and  name,  and  went  to  the  front 
n  his  stead,  serving  throughout  the  term  of  enlist- 
nent,  and  being  mustered  out  under  the  brother's 
lame;  in  1870  removed  to  Jericho,  in  his  native 
•ounty;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
ice  in  1874;  in  1876  and  1877  was  State's  Attorney 
or  Chittenden  County,  Vermont;  in  1880  and  1881 
vas  a  Representative  in  the  Vermont  Legislature;  in 
\pril,  1882,  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
Vssistant  United  State's  Attorney  for  the  Territory 
f  Dakota;  in  1883  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor 
f  Dakota,  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Board  of  Tax 
Commissioners;  in  February,  1884,  was  appointed  an 
\ssociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Ter- 
itory  of  Dakota,  and  resigned  his  other  offices  to  as- 
ume  his  duties  upon  the  Bei  c  i;  was  Judge  Advo- 
ate  General  for  Dakota  for  the  year  1885. 

Palmer,  Francis  W.,  was  born  in  Manchester, 
dearborn  County,  Indiana,  October  11,  1827;  in  1842 
vas  apprenticed  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  printer; 
vorked  as  a  journeyman  in  New  York  City;  was,  for 
en  years,  the  publisher  and  editor  of  the  Jamestown 
"ournal,  in  Chautauqua  County;  was  a  member  of 
lie  New  York  Assembly  in  1853  and  1854;  removed 
o  Iowa  in  1858,  and  became  editor  and  part  owner 
f  the  Dubuque  Times;  in  1860  was  elected  Printer 
or  the  State,  holding  the  office  eight  years;  in  1868 
/•as  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty- 
rst  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pacific 
lailroad,  and  tflie  Library;  was  re-elected  to  the 
"orty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Appropriations. 

Palmer,  George  "W. ;    was   born  in   Hoosick, 
lensselaer  County,  New  York,  January  13,  1818;  re- 
si  ved  a  common  school  education ;  adopted  the  pro- 
ssion  of  the  law;  was  Surrogate  of  Clinton  County 
•om  1843  to  1847;  a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 


'378 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


fifth  Congress  from  New  York,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office 
Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures;  \vasadelegate  to  the  "Baltimore 
Convention  "  of  1864;  in  1866  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  Mixed  Court  at  Sierra  Leone,  under  the  Treaty 
with  Great  Britain  for  the  more  effectual  suppression 
of  the  slave  trade. 

Palmer,  John ;  was  born  in  Hoosick,  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York,  in  1785;  received  a  good  educa 
tion,  and  studied  law;  settled  in  Plattsburg,  Clinton 
County,  in  1810,  and  formed  a  law  partnership  with 
Chancellor  Wai  worth,  which  continued  until  1820; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  Congress  in  1817,  but 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  chosen  District 
Attorney  for  Clinton  County,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  1&31;  during  that  year  was  made  the 
first  Judge  of  said  county,  and  held  the  office  until 
1836;  was  again  elected  to  Congress  in  1837,  and 
served  one  term.  Died  of  consumption,  at  St.  Bar 
tholomew,  West  Indies,  December  8,  1840. 

Palmer,  John  M.;  was  Governor  of  Illinois  from 
1869  to  1873. 

Palmer,  Joseph ;  was  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress  in  1777;  one  of  the  Committee  of  Safety, 
appointed  by  that  body;  as  a  Revolutionary  officer, 
served  as  Colonel  of  Militia  in  the  field,  in  the  vicin 
ity  of  Boston,  and  in  defense  of  the  coast;  in  1777 
was  appointed  Brigadier-General  commanding  the 
Massachusetts  Militia  in  the  defense  of  Rhode  Island. 
Died  at  Roxbury,  Massachusetts,  December  25,  1788. 

Palmer,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  Mount  Holly, 
New  Jersey,  in  1820;  removed  to  Pottsville,  Pennsyl 
vania,  with  his  family,  and  was  educated  as  a  printer; 
subsequently  became  an  editor  and  studied  law;  in 
1850  was  elected  District  Attorney  for  Schuylkill 
County;  subsequently  to  the  State  Senate,  over  which 
he  presided  as  Speaker;  in  1861  was  appointed  Min 
ister  to  the  Argentine  Confederation,  but  was  com 
pelled  to  resign  on  account  of  his  health.  Died  at 
sea,  April  26,  1862. 

Palmer,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  at  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  January  25,  1830;  received  a  common  school  and 
academic  education,  and  attended  the  University  at 
Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  for  a  year  and  a  half,  being 
prevented,  by  failing  eyesight,  from  completing 
his  course  at  the  latter  institution;  after  two  years 
of  foreign  travel  engaged  in  mercantile,  business 
in  Wisconsin  in  1850;  returned  to  Detroit,  Mich 
igan,  in  1853,  and  settled  there;  in  1878  was  elected 
a  State  Senator;  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator 
from  Michigan  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March 
4,1883. 

Palmer,  William  A.;  was  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  Legislature  for  six  years;  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  in  1816;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Vermont,  from  1818  to  1825;  Governor  of  Vermont 
from  1831  to  1835;  a  member  of  the  "  Constitutional 
Convention"  of  1828  and  1836;  Judge  of  Probate 
and  of  the  County  Court;  two  years  a  State  Senator- 
for  eight  years  Clerk  of  the  Courts.  Died  at  Dan 
ville,  Vermont,  at  an  advanced  age",  in  December. 
1860. 

Pardee,  Don  A.;  was  born  at  Wadsworth,  Ohio 
March  29,  1837;  received  an  academic  education- 
entered  the  United  States  Naval  Academy  in  1854- 
resigned  in  1857;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1859;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861  as 
Major;  served  until  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieu 


tenant-Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  in  1865 
settled  in  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  in  the  practice  of 
law;  in  1867  was  appointed  Register  in  Bankruptcy; 
in  1868  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Second  Judicial 
District;  was  re-elected  in  1872,  and  again  in  1876; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1879;  in  1881  was  appointed,  by  President 
Garfield,  United  States  Circuit  Judge  of  the  Fifth 
Judicial  Circuit. 

Park,  Benjamin ;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
and  was  born  in  1777;  was  one  of  the  early  pioneers 
to  the  Western  Territory,  and  settled  in  that  portion 
which  now  forms  the  State  of  Indiana,  in  1800;  from 
1805  to  1808  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress  from  that 
Territory;  was,  soon  after,  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  Judge  of  the  District  Court,  which  office 
he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Salem, 
Indiana,  July  12,  1835.  He  was  at  one  time  Presi 
dent  of  the  State  Historical  Society. 

Parker,  Abraham  X.;  -was  born  at  Granville, 
Vermont,  November  14,  1831 ;  removed  to  New  York 
when  a  boy;  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in  1857;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1863  and 
1864,  and  a  State  Senator  from  1868  to  1871 ;  in  1880 
received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from  Middlebury  Col 
lege;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth 
Congresses. 

Parker,  Amasa  J.;  was  born  in  1807,  at  Shar 
on,  Connecticut,  and  graduated  at  Union  College, 
New  York;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Delhi,  New 
York,  in  October,  1828;  in  1833  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1835  was 
chosen  a  Regent  of  the  University;  from  1837  to 
1839  was  a  Representative  in  Congress;  in  1844  was 
appointed  a  Circuit  Judge  and  Vice-Chancellor  of 
the  Court  of  Equity;  soon  after  the  adoption  of  a 
New  State  Constitution,  he  became  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  in  1859  was  appointed 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  New  York- 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of 
1864,  and  to  the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  1867. 

Parker,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Parker,  Eli  S.;  was  of  Indian  extraction;  served 
with  General  U.  S.  Grant  as  a  Staff  Officer,  and  be 
came  a  General;  in  1869  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  holding  the  position  until 
December,  1871. 

Parker,  Hosea  W.;  was  born  in  Lempster 
New  Hampshire,  May  30,  1833;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  entered  Tuft's  College  in  1855,  and  left  dur 
ing  his  sophomore  year;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1859;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  Hampshire  in  1859;  removed  to  Clermont  in 
1860,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Democratic  National  Convention,  in  1868- 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Parker,  Isaac;  was  born  at  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  June  17,  1768;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1786;  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Castine, 
in  the  District  of  Maine;  was  elected  to  Congress' 
serving  as  a  Representative  from  1797  to  1799;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  Marshal  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Maine,  which  office  he  held  until  1801;  after 
wards  removed  to  Portland;  in  1806  was  chosen  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


379 


Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and,  in  1814,  Chief 
Justice,  which  position  he  occupied  for  sixteen  years; 
in  1820  was  President  of  the  "Massachusetts  Con 
vention"  for  the  revision  of  the  Constitution;  for 
several  years  was  Professor  of  Law  in  Harvard  Uni 
versity;  he  was  a  distinguished  scholar  and  a  friend 
of  literature;  for  eleven  years  was  a  Trustee  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  and,  for  twenty  years,  an  Overseer  of 
Harvard.  Died  in  Boston,  May  26,  1830. 

Parker,  Isaac  C.;  was  born  in  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  October  15,  1838;  worked  on  a  farm;  received 
an  academic  education;  taught  school  for  four  years; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  re 
moved  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri;  was  elected  City  At 
torney  in  1862  and  1863;  was  in  the  military  service 
in  Missouri,  during  the  Rebellion,  as  Corporal;  was  a 
1 'residential  Elector  in  1864;  was  elected  Circuit  At 
torney  in  1864;  resigned  in  1867;  in  1868  was  elected 
Circuit  Judge  for  six  years,  but  resigned  in  1870;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Navy  Depart 
ment,  and  Appropriations;  in  1875  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  Utah,  in  the  place  of  J.  B.  McKean, 
removed ;  in  March  of  the  s:ime  year  was  appointed, 
by  President  Grant,  United  States  District  Judge  for 
the  Western  District  of  Arkansas. 

Parker,  James ;  was  born  in  the  Township  of 
Bethlehem,  Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey,  March 
1,  1776;  was  a  student  in  Columbia  College,  New 
York,  and  graduated  in  1793;  entered  the  counting- 
house  of  a  merchant  in  New  York,  and  remained 
-^here  until  1797,  when  he  settled  in  Perth  Amboy; 
was,  for  a  few  years,  engaged  in  trade;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature  in  1806,  1807, 
1808,  1809,  1810,  1812,  1813,  1815,  1816,  1818,  and 
1827 — in  all,  eleven  years;  was  a  Jackson  Elector  in 
1824;  Collector  of  the  Customs  at  Perth  Amboy  from 
182!)  to  1833;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1833  to  1837;  also  served  as  one  of  the  Commissioners, 
on  the  part  of  New  Jersey,  to  settle  the  boundary 
and  jurisdiction  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
at  the  different  periods  of  1807,  1827,  and  1833,  ob 
taining  an  agreement  during  the  year  last  named; 
was  a  ni"mber  of  the  "Constitutional  Convention" 
of  the  State  in  1844. 

Parker,  James  ;  was  a  native  of  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  was  a  physician  by  profession ;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813 
to  1815,  and  from  1819  to  1821;  was,  for  fifty  years, 
a  resident  of  Gardiner,  Maine,  where  he  died  Novem 
ber  9,  1837,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Parker,  Joel ;  was  born  at  Monmouth,  New 
Jersey,  November  24,  1816;  as  a  boy,  worked  on  a 
farm  ;  received  a  common  school  education  at 
Trenton;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1839; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1847;  was,  for  a  time, 
Attorney  for  his  county ;  in  1861  was  elected  Major- 
General  of  Volunteers;  in  1862  was  elected  Governor 
of  New  Jersey  for  three  years;  was  again  elected  Gov 
ernor  in  1871. 

Parker,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1788. 

Parker,  John  Mason ;  was  born  in  Granville, 
Washington  County,  New  York,  June  14,  1805;  grad 
uated  at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  in  1828;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  New  York,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  Revolution 
ary  Pensions. 


Parker,  Josiah ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1789  to  1801,  and  was  one  of 
those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government 
on  the  Potomac. 

Parker,  Nahum ;  was  born  in  1749;  was  a 
State  Counselor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1805  to  1807; 
United  States  Senator  from  1807  to  1810;  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  "  ^22  to  1825;  Presi 
dent  of  the  State  Senate  in  1828.  Died  in  1839. 

Parker,  Peter;  was  born  in  Massachusetts;  was 
liberally  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  medi 
cine;  went  to  China  as  a  Missionary;  in  1845  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  and  Interpreter  to  the  American 
Legation;  from  1850  to  1853  officiated  as  Charge 
d' Affaires  ad  interim;  also  in  1854  and  1855;  from 
1855  to  1857  was  a  Commissioner  to  take  charge  of 
the  interests  of  the  United  States;  practiced  his  pro 
fession  in  China;  returned  to  the  United  States  with 
a  fortune,  and  settled  in  the  City  of  Washington, 
where  he  became  one  of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithson 
ian  Institution. 

Parker,  Richard;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Parker,  Richard  E.;  was  born  in  1777;  in  early 
life  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  House  of  Delegates; 
was,  for  many  years,  a  Judge  of  the  General  and  Cir 
cuit  Courts  of  Virginia;  was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Appeals;  for  a  brief  period,  in  183& 
and  1837,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress.  Died  in  Vir 
ginia,  in  November,  1840. 

Parker,  Samuel  W.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  New  York,  September  9,  1805;  graduated  at 
the  Miami  University,  in  Ohio,  in  1828;  settled  in 
Indiana;  while  studying  law,  taught  school  and 
edited  a  newspaper;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831 ; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1836,  where  he 
served  five  years;  was  two  years  Attorney  for  the 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1851  to  1855;  in  1846  was  President  of  the 
White  Water  Canal  Company,  the  Charter  for  which 
he  had  passed  by  the  Legislature;  in  1845  was  a  Clay 
Elector,  and  in  1856  an  Elector  for  Fremont. 

Parker,  Severn  E.;  was  born  in  Northampton 
County,  Virginia;  was  an  eminent  lawyer;  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legislature;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1819  to  1821.  Died  Octo 
ber  21,  1836,  in  Northampton  County,  Virginia. 

Parker,  Thomas ;  was  a  citizen  of  South  Caro 
lina;  in  1812  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  District  of  South  Carolina. 

Parks,  Gorham;  was  born  in  the  western  part 
of  Massachusetts  in  1793;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Bangor;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1833  to  1837;  from 
1838  to  1841  was  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Maine;  from  1843  to  1845  United  States  Attor 
ney;  from  1845  to  1849  was  United  States  Consul  at 
Rio  Janeiro. 

Parks,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  r«- 
moved  to  Illinois,  from  which  State  he  was  appointed 
a  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Idaho;  afterwards  resided  in  New  Mexico;  in  Jan 
uary,  1882,  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur,  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Wyoming. 


380 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Parmenter,  William;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1836;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837  to  1845; 
Naval  Officer  at  Boston  from  1845  to  1849.  Died  in 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  February  27,  1866. 

Parris,  Albion  K.;  was  born  in  Hebron,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  January  19,  1788;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1806;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  in  1811  was  appointed  Attor 
ney  for  Oxford  County;  in  1813  was  elected  to  the 
General  Court;  in  1814  was  chosen  a  State  Senator; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1815,  and 
again  in  1817;  in  1816  was  a  member  of  the  "State 
Constitutional  Convention  " ;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Federal  District  Court  in  1818,  when  he  resigned; 
in  1819  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Convention" 
for  framing  a  Constitution;  in  1820  was  appointed 
Judge  of  Probate  for  Cumberland  County;  was  five 
times  elected  Governor  of  Maine  from  1822  to  1827; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1827  and  1828:  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in 
1828,  holding  the  office  until  1836,  when  he  became 
Second  Comptroller  in  the  Federal  Treasury  Depart 
ment;  ]eft  that  office  in  1850,  and  returned  to  Port 
land  ;  in  1852  was  elected  Mayor.  Died  in  Portland, 
February  11,  1857. 

Parris,  Virgil  D.;  was  born  in  Maine;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1831 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature  from  1833  to  1839;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  1838  to  1841;  a  State  Sen 
ator  in  1842  and  1843;  United  States  Marshal  for 
Maine  from  1844  to  1848;  United  States  Special  Mail 
Agent  from  1853  to  1856;  subsequently  held  the  office 
of  Naval  Storekeeper  at  Kittery,  Maine;  when  in  the 
State  Senate  he  was  President  pro  tern.,  and  for  a  short 
time  acting  Governor  of  the  State.  Died  at  Kittery, 
Maine,  June  13,  1874. 

Parrish,  Isaac  ;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847. 

Parrott,  John  F.;  was,  in  1811,  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Legislature;  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1817  to  1819;  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  1819  to  1825; 'in 
1826  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire.  Died  in  Greenland,  New  Hampshire 
July  9,  1836,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Parrott,  Marcus  J.;  was  born  at  Hamburg 
South  Carolina,  October  27,  1828;  graduated  at  Dick 
inson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1849;  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  having  studied  at  Cambridge;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1853  and  1854:  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress' from 
Kansas  Territory;  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

Parson,  Samuel  H.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
the  west,  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  northwest  of 
the  Ohio  River. 

Parsons,  Edward  Young ;  was  born  in  Jef 
ferson  County,  Kentucky,  December  12,  1842-  grad 
uated  at  the  University  of  Louisville  in  1861-  stud 
ied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1865;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  For 
ty-fourth  Congress.  Died  Juiy  8,  1876. 

Parsons,  Lewis  E.;  was  appointed  Provisional 
Governor  of  Alabama  in  1865;  remained  in  office  less 
th«ui  one  year. 


Parsons,  Richard  C.;  was  born  in  New  Lon 
don,  Connecticut,  October  10,  1826;  received  a  liberal 
education;  removed  to  Ohio  at  the  age  of  twenty 
years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1851;  in  that  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the  City 
Councils  of  Cleveland,  and  the  next  year  President 
of  that  body;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legis 
lature;  re-elected,  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House; 
in  1861  was  tendered  the  mission  to  Chili,  which  he 
declined;  was  subsequently  appointed  Consul  at  Rio 
Janeiro,  resigning  in  1862;  was  appointed  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  at  Cleveland  for  four  years;  in 
1866 received  the  appointment  of  Marshal  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States,  and  served  six 
years;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Parsons,  Samuel  Holden  ;  was  born  at  Lyrne, 
Connecticut,  May  14,  1737;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1756;  studied  law  at  Lyme  with  his 
uncle,  Matthew  Griswold;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1759;  settled  at  Lyme;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1762,  and  successively  for  eighteen 
sessions;  in  1774  was  appointed  King's  Attorney,  and 
removed  to  New  London;  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Correspondence;  was  Colonel  of  the  Sixth 
Connecticut  Regiment;  was  at  the  siege  of  Boston, 
and  at  Long  Island;  made  Brigadier-General  by  Con 
gress  in  1776,  and  Major-General  in  1780;  in  1779 
succeeded  General  Putnam;  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
resumed  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Middletown;  in 
1785  was  appointed  by  Congress  a  Commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Indians  at  Miami;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  of  Connecticut  which  ratified  the 
Federal  Constitution  of  1788;  was  appointed,  by 
Washington,  first  Judge  of  the  Northwest  Territory; 
in  1789  was  State  Commissioner  for  treating  with  the 
Indians  on  the  Western  Reserve  of  Connecticut;  set 
tled  on  the  Ohio  River  in  1787,  and  published  an 
essay  on  the  antiquities  of  the  Western  States;  on 
November  17,  1789,  was  drowned  in  the  rapids  of  the 
Big  Beaver  River,  Ohio. 

Partridge,  George ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1762;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1776  to  1778,  and  in 
1784,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  from  1789  to  1791. 
Died  at  Duxbury,  Massachusetts,  July  7,  1828,  aged 
eighty-eight  years. 

Partridge,  James  R.;  was  born  in  Baltimore 
Maryland,  in  1824;  received  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1862  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States  to 
Honduras,  remaining  there  one  year;  in  1863  was 
transferred,  with  the  same  rank,  to  Salvador  remain 
ing  there  until  1866;  in  1871  went  to  Brazil  as  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary;  in  1873  acted  as  one  of  the 
Arbitrators  on  the  Claim  of  the  Earl  of  Dundonald 
at  Rio  Janeiro;  resigned  in  1877;  in  April,  1882,  was 
appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Peru,  remaining 
in  office  about  one  year.  Died  at  Alicante,  Spain° 
February  24,  1884. 

Partridge,  Samuel;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843.  Died  April  2,  1883. 

Patersoii,  William ;  was  born  at  sea,  of  Irish 
parents,  in  1745;  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1763- 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1769- 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
first  Constitution  of  New  Jersey,  in  1776;  from  that 
time  until  the  year  1786  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Federal  Constitution,  which  instrument  he  signed  ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1780 
and  1781 ;  was  one  of  the  first  Senators  in  Congress 
from  1789  to  179'0,  when  he  resigned;  was  Governor 
of  New  Jersey  from  1791  to  1794,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  President,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death,  in  1806;  in  1798  and  1799  revised, 
by  authority  of  the  Legislature,  the  laws  of  New 
Jersey,  a  work  highly  esteemed,  and  the  foundation 
of  the  jurisprudence  of  the  State;  received  the  degree 
ol'LL.D.  from  Harvard  and  Dartmouth  Colleges. 

Patten,  Jar  vis ;  was  born  at  Bowdoinham,  Lin 
coln  County,  Maine,  in  1828;  after  receiving  an  ex 
cellent  private  and  common  school  education,  he 
prepared  for  college,  with  the  view  of  entering  one 
of  the  professions,  but,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  having 
always  had  a  predilection  for  a  nautical  life,  he  gave 
up  the  profession,  and  shipped  for  his  first  voyage; 
his  promotion  was  rapid,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  he  was  given  command  of  a  large  merchant 
vessel;  he  established  his  residence  at  Bath,  Maine, 
sailing  from  that  port  in  different  vessels;  in  1867  he 
superintended  the  construction  of  a  large  steamship 
for  the  Pacific  Coast  trade,  and  on  its  completion 
took  it  to  its  destination;  on  his  return  to  Maine  he 
forsook  the  sea  as  a  profession,  and  engaged  in  com 
mercial  pursuits  connected  with  shipping;  resided  in 
England  for  some  years,  as  a  member  of  a  commer 
cial  house;  in  1876  resumed  his  residence  in  Bath, 
Maine;  was  several  times  a  member  of  the  City  Coun 
cil  of  Bath ;  compiled  and  published  a  work  on  the 
"  Seaports  of  the  World,"  a  valuable  book  of  refer 
ence;  on  the  establishment,  by  Act  of  Congress,  in 
1884,  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  in  the  Department 
of  the  Treasury  at  Washington  City,  Mr.  Jarvis  was 
appointed  the  first  Commissioner  in  charge  of  the 
Bureau. 

Patterson,  David  T.;  was  born  in  Greene  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  February  28,  1819;  received  an 
academic  education;  was  engaged  for  a  time  as  a 
paper-maker,  and  also  as  a  miller;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  in  1854,  and  re-elected  in  1862;  in  1865 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  for 
the  term  ending  in  1869,  taking  his  seat  on  the  last 
day  of  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
and  serving,  during  the  subsequent  session,  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  Revolutionary  Claims, 
and  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  son-in-law  of  Presi 
dent  Andrew  Johnson. 

Patterson,  George  Washington  ;  was  bom 
at  Londonderry,  New  Hampshire,  November  11, 
1799;  received  an  academic  education  and  taught 
school;  in  1818  removed  to  Livingston  County,  New 
York;  thence  to  Warsaw  County,  New  York,  in  1822, 
and  thence,  in  1825,  to  Leicester,  New  York,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  the  manufacture  of  agri 
cultural  implements;  was  Commissioner  of  High 
ways,  School  Commissioner,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Brigade  Paymaster,  and  Supervisor  of  Leicester;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  for  eight  years,  from 
1832  to  1840,  the  last  two  of  which  he  was  Speaker; 
removed  to  Westfield,  New  York,  in  1841,  and  took 
charge  of  the  Chautauqua  Land  Office,  retaining  that 
position  until  his  death ;  was  Basin  Commissioner  at 
Albany,  Harbor  Commissioner  and  Quarantine  Com 
missioner  at  New  York,  under  different  Governors; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1846:  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go vemor  of  the 
State  in  1848;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Repub 
lican  Conventions  of  1856  and  1864;  was,  for  several 


years,  Supervisor  of  Westfield ;  was  elected  a  Kepi  e- 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

Patterson,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Henniker, 
Merrimack  County,  New  Hampshire,  July  2,  1823; 
was  educated  at  Dartmouth  College,  graduating  in 
1848;  from  1854  to  1859  was  a  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  in  Dartmouth  College,  after  which  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Chair  of  Professor  of  Astronomy 
and  Meteorology,  in  the  same  college;  from  1858  to 
1861  was  a  School  Commissioner  from  Grafton  Coun 
ty,  and  at  the  same  time  was  Secretary  of  the  B(  a  -d 
of  Education  of  the  State;  in  1862  served  in  the 
State  Legislature;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treas 
ury  Department,  and  for  the  District  of  Columbia; 
in  1864  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  was  re-appointed  in  1865;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  the  Special  Commit 
tee  on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  on  a  Bureau 
of  Education,  and  Free  Schools  in  the  District  of 
Columbia;  in  June,  1866,  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1867  and  end 
ing  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign 
Relations,  District  of  Columbia,  and  Enrolled  Bills; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866. 

Patterson,  John ;  was  for  four  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1803  to 
1805. 

Patterson,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1825. 

Patterson,  John  James ;  was  born  in  Water 
loo,  Juniata  County,  Pennsylvania,  August  8,  1830, 
graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  1848;  was  editor  of 
the  Juniata  Sentinel  in  1852,  and  for  ten  years  after 
wards  was  editor  of  the  Harrisburg  Telegraph;  was 
engaged  in  banking  and  in  the  management  of  rail 
roads;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1858,  and  the  three  succeeding  years;  removed  to 
South  Carolina  in  1869;  served  in  the  army  on  the 
staff  of  General  Williams  of  Pennsylvania;  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Territories,  and  Educa 
tion  and  Labor. 

Patterson,  PuObert ;  was  born  in  the  North  of 
Ireland,  May  30,  1743;  settled  in  Philadelphia  in 
1768:  became  Principal  of  the  Academy  at  Wilming 
ton,  Delaware,  in  1774;  was  a  Brigade-Major  in  the 
Revolutionary  War;  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  from  1779  to  1814,  and 
was  for  some  time  Vice-Provost;  in  1805  was  made 
Director  of  the  United  States  Mint;  from  1819  until 
his  death  was  President  of  the  American  Philo 
sophical  Society,  to  whose  Transactions  he  was  a 
frequent  contributor;  published  "The  Newtonian 
System"  in  1808:  "Treatise on  Arithmetic"  in  1819; 
edited  "Ferguson's  Mechanics"  in  1806;  his  "As 
tronomy"  in  1809;  "John  Webster's  Natural  Phil 
osophy"  in  1808;  "Ewing's  Natural  Philosophy" 
in  1809.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  July  22,  1824.  He 
was  the  father  of  Robert  M.  Patterson. 

Patterson,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1804,  and  was  made  M.  D.  in  1808; 
was  educated  as  a  chemist  under  Sir  Humphrey 


382 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Davy  returned  to  America  in  1812,  and  was  soon 
after  elected  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and 
Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Philadelphia;  Pro 
fessor  in  the  University  of  Virginia  from  1828  to 
1835-  Director  of  the  United  States  Mint,  Philadel 
phia,  from  1835  to  1853;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Philisophical  Society  in  1809;  delivered,  while  its 
Vice-President,  iu  1843,  "A  Discourse  on  the  Early 
History  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  " ;  was 
President  of  the  Society  from  1849  to  1853.  Died  m 
Philadelphia,  September  5,  1854,  aged  sixty-eight 
years. 

Patterson,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1817  to  1825. 

Patterson,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Patterson,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  Carlo w, 
Ireland,  November  4,  1840;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  spent  one  year  at  the  Asbury  Uni 
versity  in  Indiana,  and  one  year  at  the  Wabash  Col 
lege;  up  to  the  year  1864  he  was  a  printer  and  silver 
smith;  subsequently  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  removed  to  Colorado;  in  1874  was  appointed 
Attorney  for  the  city  of  Denver;  was  elected  a  Dele- 
gat*  from  Colorado  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  npon 
the  admission  of  Colorado  as  a  State,  in  1876,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  For 
ty-fifth  Congress. 

Patterson,  "Walter;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  New  York  in  1818  from  Columbia  County,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1823. 

Patterson,  "William;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
settled  in  Ohio  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  1838. 

Patterson,  "William ;  was  born  in  Londonderry, 
New  Hampshire,  June  4,  1789;  removed  to  the  State 
of  New  York  in  1815,  and  subsequently  settled  in 
Warsaw,  Genesee,  now  Wyoming  County;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1837  to  1839.  Died,  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  at  Warsaw,  New  York,  August  14,  1838. 

Pattison,  Robert  E.;  was  born  at  Quantico, 
Maryland,  December  8,  1850;  removed  to  Pennsylva 
nia  in  1855;  received  a  classical  education,  graduat 
ing  from  the  Central  High  School,  of  Philadelphia,  in 
1872;  having  studied  law  was,  in  the  same  year,  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
as  a  profession;  in  1877  was  elected  Comptroller  of 
the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880; 
in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  for  the 
term  of  four  years  from  January,  1883. 

Patton,  John ;  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Dela 
ware,  in  1746;  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolution,  and 
fought  in  nearly  every  battle  from  Long  Island  to 
Camden ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1785  to  1786 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Delaware  from  1793  to  1794;  was  re-elected  in 
1795,  but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  H. 
Latimer.  Died  at  Dover,  in  June,  1801. 

Patton,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs. 

Patton,  John  D.;  was  born  at  Indiana,  Pennsyl 
vania,  November  28,  1829;  received  a  common  school 


and  academic  education  in  his  native  town ;  was  en 
gaged  in  the  business  of  a  tanner  from  1844  to  1851; 
in  the  latter  year  went  to  Kansas  and  engaged  in  the 
business  of  merchandising;  in  1861  returned  to  his 
native  town  and  continued  in  the  mercantile  busi 
ness;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Patton,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  received 
a  liberal  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law,  in  which  he  was  successful ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1830  to  1838. 
Died  in  October,  1858,  in  the  sixty-second  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  for  some  years,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Patton,  R.  M.;  was  elected  Governor  of  Ala 
bama,  and  remained  in  the  office  until  1868. 

Paul,  John ;  was  born  in  Rockingham  County, 
Virginia,  June  30,  1839;  received  a  common  school 
education;  taught  school;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  throughout  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  gradu 
ated  in  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in  1867; 
was  Commonwealth  Attorney  from  1870  to  1877;  was 
elected  State  Senator  in  1877,  and  re-elected  in  1879; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  in 
March,  1883,  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Virginia,  and  re 
signed  his  seat  in  Congress  to  enter  npon  his  judicial 
duties. 

Paulding,  James  K.;  was  born  in  Dutch  ess 
County,  New  York,  August  22,  1778;  passed  his  boy 
hood  on  his  father's  farm;  in  1797  obtained  a  clerk 
ship  in  New  York  City,  where  he  commenced,  and 
long  continued  his  labors,  as  a  man  of  letters ;  his 
first  book  was  "Salmagundi,"  published  in  1807;  in 
1812  he  issued  the  "  History  of  John  Bull  and  Brother 
Jonathan,"  and  in  1813,  the  "  Lay  of  the  Scotch  Fid 
dle";  in  1815  was  made  Secretary  of  a  Board  of 
Navy  Commissioners;  in  1817  published  "  Letters 
from  the  South";  in  1818  the  "Backwoodsman"; 
in  1822  "  A  Sketch  of  Old  England  ";  in  1824  was 
appointed  Navy  Agent  at  New  York;  in  1825  ap 
peared  his  "John  Bull  in  America";  in  1831  the 
"Dutchman's  Fireside";  and  in  1832  "Westward 
Ho";  in  1838  was  appointed,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  from  which  office  he 
retired  in  1841,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life 
in  retirement  in  the  county  where  he  was  born.  Died 
April  5,  I860.- 

Paulding1,  William,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Tarry- 
town,  Westchester  County,  New  York,  in  1769;  waa 
educated  for  the  law,  and  engaged  in  a  lucrative 
practice  in  New  York  City ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
New  York  Convention  for  revising  the  State  Consti 
tution  in  1821 ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1811  to  1813,  but  was  ab 
sent  from  his  seat  during  the  session  in  which  war 
was  declared,  and  served  as  General  of  Militia  during 
its  prosecution;  in  1823  was  chosen  Mayor  of  New 
York,  after  which  he  held  no  public  office.  Died  at 
Tarrytown,  February  11,  1854. 

Pawling,  Levi;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1817  to  1819. 

Payne,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Hamilton  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  November  30,  1810;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College;  studied  law;  in  1834  settled  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848; 
was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  1849  and  1850;  was, 
for  several  years,  a  member  of  the  City  Council;  was 
President  of  the  Columbus  Railroad  Company,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


383 


•was  identified  with  other  important  industries  of  the 
State;  was  a  candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  also  for  Governor  in  1857,  but  was  defeated;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Convention  in  1860,  and 
to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  of  1872;  re 
ported  the  platform  that  was  adopted;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was,  for  many  years,  extensively 
interested  in  the  manufacturing  interests  of  Cleve 
land,  and  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Sinking 
Fund  Commissioners  of  that  city;  in  January,  1884, 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio  for 
six  years  from  March  4,  1885. 

Payne,  Sereno  E.;  was  born  at  Hamilton,  New 
York,  June  26,  1843;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  from  the  University  of  .Rochester  in  18(;4; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866,  and 
engaged  in  practice  at  Auburn,  New  York;  was  City 
Clerk  of  Auburn  from  1868  to  1871;  Supervisor  in 
1871  and  1872;  District  Attorney  of  Cayuga  County 
from  1873  to  1879;  was  President  of  the  Board  of 
Education  of  Auburn  from  1879  to  1882;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Payne,  "Winter  W.;  was  born  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  January  2,  1807;  received  a  good 
English  education;  emigrated  to  Alabama  in  1825; 
was  elected  to  the  Alabama  Legislature  in  1831,  and 
with  the  exception  of  one  year,  served  in  that  capac 
ity  until  1840;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Alabama  from  1841  to  1847;  subsequently  re 
turned  to  Warrenton,  Virginia,  where  he  settled,  de 
voting  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits. 

Paynter,  Lemuel ;  was  born  in  Delaware;  on 
removing  to  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837  to 
1841. 

Paynter,  Samuel;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Delaware  in  1824,  and  remained  in  office  three  years. 

Payson,  Lewis  E.;  was  born  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  September  17, 1840;  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  1852;  received  a  common  school  education 
and  attended  Lombard  University,  Illinois,  for  two 
years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
Ottawa,  Illinois,  in  1862;  removed  to  Pontiac,  Illi 
nois,  in  1865;  was  Judge  of  the  County  Court  from  { 
1869  to  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Pearce,  Duttee  J. ;  was  born  at  Portsmouth, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1789;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1808;  was  a  prominent  lawyer;  at  one 
time  Attorney-General  of  the  State,  and  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  that  District;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1825  to  1833,  and  again  from  1835  to  1837;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1821 ;  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Rhode  Island.  Died  at  Newport,  May  9, 
1849. 

Pearce,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  December  14,  1805,  although  of  a  Maryland 
family  by  his  father's  side;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College,  with  the  first  honors,  in  1822;  was  bred  to 
the  law,  but  was  much  engaged  in  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture;  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Legisla 
ture  in  1831;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1835  to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1862;  served 
for  a  number  of  years  as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Com 


mittee  on  the  Library;  also  held  the  Post  of  Professor 
of  Law  in  Washington  College,  Chestertown,  and 
was  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  coniniencing 
March,  1863.  Died  at  Chestertown,  Maryland,  De 
cember  20,  1862. 

Pearce,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Pearson,  Joseph ;  was  bom  in  Rowan  County. 
North  Carolina;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  served 
two  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  180!) 
to  1815;  while  in  Congress  fought  a  duel  with  the 
Hon.  John  G.  Jackson,  the  result  of  a  political  quar 
rel.  Died  at  Salisbury,  October  27,  1834. 

Pease,  Edward  M.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
received  a  common  school  education;  when  fourteen 
years  of  age  became  a  clerk  in  a  store;  subsequently 
was  a  clerk  in  the  Postoffice  at  Hartford,  Connecti 
cut,  until  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty-one;  in  Jan 
uary,  1835,  went  to  Bastrop,  Texas,  where  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law;  engaged  in  the  Texas  Revo 
lution  of  that  year;  was  Secretary  of  the  General 
Council  of  the  Provincial  Government  of  Texas  from 
November,  1835,  to  March,  1836;  then  became  Chief 
Clerk  of  the  Navy  Department,  and  afterwards  Chief 
Clerk  of  the*  Treasury  Department  of  the  Texas  Gov 
ernment;  in  November,  1836,  was  Clerk  of  the  Judi 
ciary  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Texas;  in  December,  1836,  was  tendered  the  position 
of  Postmaster-General  of  Texas,  but  declined  the 
office,  and  resumed  his  law  studies;  in  April,  1837 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Washington,  Texas'- 
in  June,  1837,  became  Comptroller  of  Public  Ac 
counts  of  Texas;  resigned  in  December,  and  settled 
at  Brazoria  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1846  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Texas  Legislature;  was  re- 
elected  in  1848  and  1850;  resigned  in  1850;  in  1853 
was  elected  Governor  of  Texas;  was  re-elected  in 
1855;  in  1866  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor;  was  Provisional  Governor,  by  appointment 
from  1867  to  1869;  in  1872  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention;  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Galveston  Died  in 
1883. 

Pease,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
February  19,  1835;  received  a  good  education;  fol 
lowed  the  profession  of  teaching  for  eleven  years- 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  entered 
the  army  as  a  private  soldier,  and  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Captain  on  staff  duty;  in  1865  was  ap 
pointed  Superintendent  of  Education  for  the  State  ol' 
Louisiana,  while  under  military  rule;  in  1867  Super 
intendent  of  the  Education  of  Freedmen  in  Missis 
sippi;  took  part  in  the  re-construction  of  the  State; 
was  elected  Superintendent  of  Education  of  the  State 
in  1869;  edited  and  published  the  Mississippi  Educa 
tional  Journal,  the  first  magazine  ever  devoted  to 
popular  education  in  the  South;  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  to  fill  a  vacancy  for  the  term 
ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Edu 
cation,  and  Labor,  and  Enrolled  Bills;  was,  soon 
afterwards,  appointed  Postmaster  at  Vicksburg 
but  removed  in  November,  1875,  on  account  of  pol 
itics. 

Pease,  Seth ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  edu 
cated  for  the  medical  profession,  and  having  removed  to 
Washington,  was,  in  1816,  appointed  First  Assistant 
Postmaster-General,  being  the  first  who  held  that 
position. 


384 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Peaslee,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Oilman  town, 
New  Hampshire,  in  February,  1804,  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1824;  was  a  State  Representa 
tive  from  1833  to  1837;  Adjutant-General  of  the  State 
from  1839  to  1847;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1847  to  1853;  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  at  Boston  from  1853  to  1857.  Died  at  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota,  while  on  a  visit  there  in  October, 
10,66. 

Peck,  Asahel ;  was  born  in  Royalton,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1803;  was  well  educated;  in  1874  was  elected 
Governor  of  Vermont,  serving  until  1876. 

Peck,  Bbenezer ;  was  born  in  the  city  of  Port 
land,  Maine,  May  22,  1805;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  city  of  Montreal,  Lower 
Canada,  in  1827;  was  twice  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Lower  Canada;  was 
made  King's  Counsel  in  1833;  in  1835  emigrated  to 
Chicago,  Illinois;  was  several  times  elected  to  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  that  State: 
was  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court'  of  Illinois  for  four 
years — from  1841  to  1845;  was  afterwards  appointed 
Reporter  of  its  decisions  by  that  Court,  which  office 
he  held  for  more  than  thirteen  years  from  1850,  and 
until  he  was,  in  1863,  made  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Court  of  Claims  in  Washington. 

Peck,  Erasmus  D.;  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
September  16,  1808;  graduated  at  the  Berkshire  Med 
ical  College  in  1829;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1830;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1856  and 
1858.  was  Examining  Surgeon  for  the  Army  and  for 
Pensions;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  to 
fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Peck,  George  W.;  was  born  in  New  York  about 
the  year  1818;  removed  to  Michigan;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1846  and  1847, 
serving  as  Speaker  during  the  latter  year;  was  after 
wards  chosen  Secretary  of  State;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Michigan  from  1855  to  1857. 

Peck,  Henry  E.;  was  born  in  Rochester,  New 
York ;  was  educated  for  the  ministry ;  was  appointed 
a  Professor  in  Oberlin  College,  Ohio;  identified  him 
self  with  the  Anti-Slavery  party  in  1856;  in  1862 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  first,  a  Com 
missioner,  and  afterwards  Minister  Resident  and  Con- 
sul-General  to  Hayti.  Died  at  Port-au-Prince,  June 
9,  1867,  having  originally  gone  abroad  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health. 

Peck,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
educated  for  the  bar,  and  was  a  man  of  influence: 
removed  to  Missouri;  was  made  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  Missouri.  Died  at  St 
Charles,  in  that  State,  May  1,  1837. 

Peck,  Jared.  V.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Peck,  Lucius  B. ;  was  born  in  Waterbury,  Ver 
mont,  in  1799;  spent  two  years  at  the  West  Point 
Academy;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1824; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1851;  from 
1853  to  1857  was  United  States  Attorney  for  Vermont, 
and  subsequently  President  of  the  Vermont  and  Can 
ada  Railroad.  Died  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts.  De 
cember.  1866. 


Peck,  Luther  O.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  set^.ed  at 
Nunda,  New  York,  in  the  practice  of  law,  in  which 
he  attained  eminence;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837  to  1841.  Died  »*, 
Nunda,  New  York,  February  5,  1876. 

Peckham,  Rufus  "W.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1853  to  1855;  in  1859  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court. 

Peddle,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  at  Edinburgh, 
Scotland;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1833; 
located  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  engaged  in 
manufacturing;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1863  and  1864;  was  Mayor  of  Newark  from  1865  to 
1868;  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  that 
city  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Peden,  James  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Florida; 
went  to  the  Argentine  Confederation  as  Charge 
iV  Affaires  in  1854;  was  soon  after  promoted  to  th& 
rank  of  Minister  Resident;  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1858. 

Peek,  Hermanns ;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York;  was,  for  two  years,  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Schenectady  County,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1819 
tc  1821. 

Peel,  Samuel  "W.;  was  born  in  Independence 
County,  Arkansas,  September  13,  1831;  in  1840  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Carroll  County,  in  the 
same  State;  received  a  very  limited  common  school 
education;  was  elected  Clerk  of  Carroll  County  in 
1858,  and  re-elected  in  1860;  enlisted  in  the  Confed 
erate  Army  in  1861,  and  was  elected  Major  of  State 
Regiment;  again  enlisted  in  1862  and  was  elected 
Colonel,  serving  throughout  the  war;  in  1867  settled 
at  Ben  ton  ville,  Arkansas;  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law  without  preceptor  or  reading;  was  appointed 
Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1873,  and  was  elected  to  that 
office  in  1874,  serving  four  years;  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  Congress  in  1880,  was  nominated  by 
acclamation  in  1882,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Peelle,  Stanton  J.;  was  born  in  Wayne  County, 
Indiana,  February  11,  1843;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  1861,  and  served  three  years;  was 
Deputy  District  Attorney  of  Marion  County  for  two 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1877  to  1879;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Peery,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Delaware 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1786. 

Pegram,  John ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1818  to  1819,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Peterson 
Goodwin. 

Peirce,  Henry  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Massachu 
setts  ;  in  1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the 
Sandwich  Islands. 

Pelham,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Person  County, 
North  Carolina,  March  12.  1835;  removed  to  Ala 
bama  in  1838;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1858,  and  practiced  until  1862,  when  he  entered 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


385 


the  Confederate  service;  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Tenth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  one  or  two  Commit 
tees. 

Pelton,  Guy  B.;  was  born  at  Great  Barrington, 
Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  August  3,  1825; 
his  tastes,  from  early  boyhood,  inclined  him  to  the 
study  of  law,  but  it  was  not  until  he  had  attained 
his  twentieth  year  that  he  was  enabled  to  prosecute 
his  plans  for  a  professional  life,  having,  previously  to 
that  time,  remained  upon  the  homestead  farm  with 
his  father;  spent  two  years  in  the  academy  of  his 
native  town,  and  three  years  in  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institute,  after  which  he  devoted  one  year 
to  teaching  at  Lee,  Massachusetts,  and  at  Dover 
Plains,  New  York,  employing  his  leisure  in  reading 
elementary  works  on  law ;  then  entered  a  law  office 
at  Kinderhook  and  completed  his  studies,  being  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  in  1851  opened  a  law  office 
in  New  York  City;  in  1854  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
after  which  he  returned  to  New  York  and  resumed 
his  professional  labors. 

Pendleton,  Edmund ;  was  born  in  Carolina 
County,  Virginia,  September  9,  1721;  at  the  age 
of  twenty -one  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  in  1752,  and  was  sub 
sequently  Speaker  of  that  body;  in  1764  was  one  of 
the  Committee  to  memorialize  the  king;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  in  1773; 
Presiding  Magistrate  and  County  Lieutenant  of 
Carolina  County  in  1774;  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1774  to  1775;  President  of  the 
Virginia  Conventions  of  1775  and  1776;  drew  up  the 
resolutions  for  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was 
the  opponent  of  Patrick  Henry;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Safety,  and  one  of  the  Revisers  of  the 
Colonial  laws;  in  1777  fell  from  his  horse  and  was 
crippled  for  life;  was  Speaker  and  President  of  the 
Chancery  Court;  in  1779  President  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals ;  in  1788  presided  over  the  Conven 
tion  which  adopted  the  Federal  Constitution;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washington,  United  States 
District  Judge  for  Virginia  in  1789,  but  declined; 
protested  against  a  war  with  France  in  1798.  Died 
in  Richmond,  Virginia,  October  23,  1803. 

Pendleton,  Edmund  H.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 

Pendleton,  George  H.;  was  born  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  July  25,  1825;  became  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Ohio  in 
1854  and  1855;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  Thirty-sixth,  and  Thirty- 
seventh  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs  during  each  term;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  as  Chairman  of 
a  Special  Committee  on  admitting  Cabinet  officers  to 
the  floor  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  in  1864 
was  nominated  for  the  office  of  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States,  on  the  ticket  with  George  B.  McClel- 
lan  for  President;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  National  Union  Convention"  of  1866;  in  1869  was 
appointed  President  of  the  Kentucky  Central  Rail 
road  Company;  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator 
from  Ohio  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4, 
1879;  at  the  expiration  of  his  Senatorial  term,  in 
March,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland. 
United  States  Minister  to  Germany. 

Pendleton,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Virginia  about 
1750;  emigrated  to  South  Carolina  and  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  in  1776;  when  the  British  overran  the 

25 


State  he  joined  the  Patriot  forces  and  fought  at 
Eutaw;  resumed  his  Judgeship  in  1782;  originated 
the  County  Court  Act  of  South  Carolina,  and  was 
one  of  three  Judges  appointed  to  revise  the  laws  of 
the  State  in  1785;  in  1788  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution. 
Died  in  South  Carolina  in  1789. 

Pendleton,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Pendleton 
Hill,  in  North  Stonington,  Connecticut,  January  10, 
1822;  received  an  academic  education;  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  business  and  banking  in  Rhode  Island; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1862,  1863, 
1864,  and  1865;  a  Delegate  to  the  "  National  Repub 
lican  Convention"  of  Chicago  in  18G8;  Presidential 
Elector;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Re 
vision  of  Laws. 

Pendleton,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in 
1841  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Republic 
of  Chili;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term,  end 
ing  in  1849;  in  1851  was  appointed,  by  President 
Fillmore,  Minister  Resident  to  the  Argentine  Con 
federation,  and  was  authorized  to  negotiate  with 
Paraguay,  etc.  Died  in  Culpepper  County,  Virginia, 
November  19,  1868. 

Pendleton,  Nathaniel  Greene;  was  born  in 
Savannah,  Georgia,  in  August,  1793;  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  New  York  in  his  childhood;  was 
educated  at  Columbia  College;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  an  Aid  to  General  E.  P.  Gaines  from 
1813  to  1815;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1818;  in  1825  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  Ohio,  and  was  re-elected; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1841  to  1843,  after  which  he  voluntarily  retired  from 
public  life;  was  a  man  of  high  character  and  un 
common  ability.  Died  in  Cincinnati,  June  16,  181)1. 
His  father,  Nathaniel  Pendleton,  was  an  officer  in 
the  Revolutionary  War,  a  Judge,  and  second  of  Gen 
eral  Alexander  Hamilton  in  his  duel  with  Aaron 
Burr.  He  was  the  father  of  George  H.  Pendleton. 

Perm,  Alexander  G.;  was  born  in  Virginia, 
and,  having  settled  in  Louisiana,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851 
to  1853.  Died  suddenly,  in  Washington,  May  8, 
1866,  while  on  a  visit  to  that  city.  He  once  held  a 
position  in  the  Custom  House  of  New  Orleans. 

Penn,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  was 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania  from  17f>3  to  1771,  and 
from  1773  to  1775;  continued  in  the  country  after  his 
government  was  ended  by  the  Revolution,  and  in 
1777,  having  refused  to  sign  a  parole,  was  confined 
by  the  Whigs  at  Fredericksburg,  Virginia.  Died  in 
Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania,  February,  1795.  He 
was  a  grandson  of  William  Penn,  and  was  called  the 
"American  Penn." 

Penn,  John ;  was  born  in  Caroline  County,  Vir 
ginia,  May  17,  1741 ;  his  early  education  was  limited, 
but  he  soon  overcame  all  obstacles,  and  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  law;  in  1744  settled  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  Delegate  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  1775  to  1780,  and  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  as  well  as  the  Articles 
of  Confederation;  when  Cornwallis  invaded  North 
Carolina  was  placed  in  charge  of  public  affairs,  and 
acquitted  himself  with  credit;  in  1784  was  ap 
pointed  Receiver  of  Taxes.  Died  October  26,  1809. 

Penniman,  Ebenezer  Jenckes ;  was  born  in 
Lansingburg,  New  York;  when  thirteen  years  of  ape 
was  apprenticed  to  the  business  of  printing,  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


office  of  the  New  Hampshire  Sentinel,  at  Keene;  when 
eighteen  years  of  age  purchased  his  indentures,  and 
entered  upon  mercantile  pursuits  in  the  City  of  New 
York;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1835;  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty-second 
Congress. 

Penning-ton,  Alexander  O.  M.;  was  born  in 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  1811;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Cangress  from  that 
State  from  1853  to  1857;  also  served  two  years  in  the 
State  Legislature;  subsequently  settled  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  where  he  died  January  25,  1867,  aged 
fifty -six  years. 

Penning-ton,  I.  L.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
received  a  common  school  education;  early  took  an 
interest  in  the  cause  of  education  and  wrote  much 
on  the  subject;  after  serving  for  many  years  in  vari 
ous  capacities  of  trust  and  honor,  he  emigrated  to 
Dakota,  and  in  1874  was  appointed  Governor  of  that 
Territory. 

Penning-ton,  William;  was  born  in  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  in  1797;  received  a  liberal  education; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1837  was  elect 
ed  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  and  annually  re-elected 
until  1843,  acting  at  the  same  time  as  Chancellor  of 
•  the  State,  ex-officio,  and  taking  a  prominent  part  in 
what  was  known  as  the  ' '  Broad  Seal  Controversy  ' ' ; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Governor  of 
Minnesota  Territory,  and  by  President  Fillmore,  a 
Judge  to  settle  land  claims  in  California — both  of 
which  positions  he  declined;  in  1858,  contrary  to  his 
wishes,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  after  the  lapse  of 
two  months  from  taking  his  seat  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  Died  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  February  16,  1862.  He  had 
Ticen  indisposed,  and  having  taken  a  dose  of  mor 
phine  by  mistake  for  some  other  medicine,  died  from 
its  effects. 

I  Penning-ton,  William  S.;  was  born  in  1775; 
was  Major  of  New  Jersey  Artillery  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  War;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802;  was 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey;  was 
Chancellor  of  the  State,  and  author  of  New  Jersey 
Court  Reports,  published  from  1803  to  1816;  andSvo. 
in  1825;  was  Governor  of  New  Jersey  from  1813  to 
1815:  was  appointed  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Jersey  in  1804;  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  from  1815  to  1826.  Died  at 
Newark,  September  17,  1826.  His  son,  William,  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress. 

Penny-backer,  Isaac  S.;  was  born  in  Shenan- 
doah  County,  Virginia,  in  1806;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837 
to  1839;  then  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Western 
Virginia;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term 
from  1845  to  1851.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  January  12,  1847. 

Penrose,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Pennsylva 
nia;  in  1841  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States,  remaining  in  office  until  1845. 

Perce,  Leg-rand  W. ;  was  born  in  Buffalo,  New 
York,  June  19,  183G;  received  a  good  education;  stud 
ied  law  at  the  Albany  University  in  1856;  entered 
the  volunteer  service  in  1861 ;  was  appointed  Second 
Lieutenant  of  Michigan  Volunteers  in  1861,  and  Cap 
tain  in  1862;  was  brevetted  Major  at  Port  Hudson  in 
1863;  was  appointed  Captain  of  United  States  Vol 
unteers  in  1863,  and  brevetted  Colonel  in  1865;  set 
tled  in  Mississippi;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first 


Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
!  serving  on  several  Committees  and  as  Chairman  of 
I  that  on  Education  and  Labor. 

Perea,  Francisco ;  was  born  in  Zadillas,  Coun 
ty  of  Bernalillo,  New  Mexico,  January  9,  1831;  in 
1863  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  New  Mexico  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress. 

Perham,  Sidney ;  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine.  March  27,  1819;  until  his  thir 
ty-fourth  year  followed  the  double  occupation  of 
farmer  and  teacher;  in  18.">2  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Maine  Board  of  Agriculture,  which  position  he 
held  for  two  years;  in  1855  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  officiated  as  Speaker;  in  1856  was  a 
Presidential  Elector;  in  1858  was  elected  County 
Clerk  for  Oxford  County,  and  re-elected  in  1861 ;  in 
1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Agriculture,  and  Invalid  Pensions;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress;  in  1875  was  elected  Secretary 
of  the  State  of  Maine. 

Perkins,  Bishop ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
settled  in  New  York;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Perkins,  Bishop  W.;  was  born  at  Rochester, 
Lorain  County,  Ohio,  October  18,  1841;  removed, 
with  his  parents,  to  Illinois  in  1855;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  and  attended  Knox  Academy, 
at  Galesburg,  Illinois,  one  year;  in  1860  went  to 
Pike's  Peak;  returned  to  Illinois  in  1862  and  enlisted 
in  the  Union  Army;  served  until  1866,  performing 
important  duties,  and  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain 
and  Acting  Adjutant-General;  was  wounded  at  Fort 
Donelson  ;  returned  home  when  mustered  out  of 
service,  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the 
Illinois  Supreme  Court  in  1867;  settled  at  Princeton, 
Indiana,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  April,  1869,  re 
moved  to  Oswego,  Kansas;  in  June  of  that  year  was 
appointed  County  Attorney;  in  1870  was  elected 
Probate  Judge,  and  was  re-elected  in  1872;  in  Feb 
ruary,  1873,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Eleventh 
Judicial  District  of  the  State;  in  November  of  that 
year  was  elected  to  the  same  position;  was  re-elected 
in  1874,  and  again  in  1878;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Kansas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Perkins,  Elias ;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Connecti 
cut,  April  5,  1767;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1786 ;  studied  law,  and,  after  practicing  a  few  years, 
relinquished  the  profession;  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1797;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1801  to  1803;  was  subsequently 
chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  for  the  county  of  New 
London,  which  office  he  held  until  he  became  ineli 
gible  from  his  advanced  years;  was  Mayor  of  the  city 
of  New  London  from  1829  to  1832,  when  he  declined 
a  re-election.  Died  in  New  London.  September  27, 
1845. 

Perkins,  G-eprg-e  Clement;  was  born  at  Ken- 
nebunkport,  Maine,  in  1839;  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
with  limited  educational  advantages;  at  the  age  of 
twelve  went  to  sea  as  cabin  boy;  followed  this  calling, 
and  that  of  a  sailor  for  several  years;  in  1855  shipped 
"before  the  mast "  on  a  sailing  vessel  bound  for  San 
Francisco,*California,  where  he  arrived  in  the  autumn 
of  that  year;  went  to  Sacramento,  California;  went, 
on  foot,  to  Oroville,  California,  where  he  became 
porter  in  a  store;  subsequently  became  a  partner  in 
the  business,  and  was  very  successful;  engaged  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


387 


banking,  milling,  mining,  and  sheep-raising;  in  1868 
•was  elected  a  State  Senator;  became  a  large  stock 
holder  in  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Company  ; 
passed  through  the  junior  grades  to  the  office  of 
Grand  Master  of  the  Order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Ma 
sons  of  the  State  of  California;  was  elected  President 
of  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  of  San  Francisco;  in 
1879  was  elected  Governor  of  California,  serving 
until  January,  1883;  in  the  latter  year,  during  the 
Triennial  Conclave  of  the  Grand  Encampment  of 
Knights  Templar,  held  at  San  Francisco,  was  Grand 
Commander  of  the  Grand  Commaudery  of  California, 
and  was  elected  Grand  Junior  Warden  of  the  Grand 
Encampment. 

Perkins,  Jared;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
held  the  position  of  State  Councilor  from  1846  to 
1849;  was  a  State  Representative  in  1850;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851 
to  1853.  Died  at  Nashua,  October  14,  1854. 

Perkins,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Louisiana,  July 
1,  1819;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1840,  and  sub 
sequently  at  the  Law  School  of  Harvard  University; 
settled,  for  the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  New  Or 
leans,  but  his  health  compelled  him  to  travel  in 
Europe;  on  his  return,  in  1851,  was  chosen  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Louisiana;  held  this  position 
until  elected  to  Congress,  in  1853,  where  he  advo 
cated  Democratic  measures,  and  remained  until  1855, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  took 
part  in  the  rebellion. 

Perrill,  Augustus  L.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

Perry,  Benjamin  Franklin  ;  was  born  near 
Greenville.  South  Carolina,  in  1806;  received  a  lib 
eral  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  in  1828,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  at  that  place;  held  many 
offices  of  profit  and  trust;  in  1835  was  elected  a  State 
Senator;  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  in 
1860,  opposed  secession,  and  throughout  the  conflict 
remained  a  steadfast  unionist;  after  the  closeof  the  war 
was  elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina;  in  1870  was 
elected  United  States  Senator,  but  was  not  permitted 
to  take  his  seat;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  but  was  again  refused  admission  to 
a  Congressional  seat;  abandoned  politics,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1876  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Democratic  National  Convention.  Died  at  his 
liome,  near  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  December  3, 


Perry,  Edward  A.;  was  born  in  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts,  March  15,  1833;  prepared 
for  college  in  Lee  Academy,  and  entered  Yale  Col 
lege  in  the  class  of  1854;  left  college  in  his  junior 
year,  1853,  and  went  to  Alabama;  studied  law,  end 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Alabama  in  1857;  settled  in  Pensacola,  Florida,  in 
the  practice  of  law;  at  the  commencement  of  the 
Civil  War  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  Captain; 
was  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy,  and  afterwards  com 
missioned  as  Brigadier-General;  after  the  close  of 
the  war  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Pensacola,  Florida;  never  held  public  office  until 
elected  Governor  of  Florida  for  the  term  of  four  years, 
from  January,  1885. 

Perry,  Eli;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
New  York,  December  25,  1802;  received  a  good  edu 
cation  ;  commenced  business  as  a  dealer  in  provisions, 
and  continued  it  for  twenty-five  years  ;  was  a  banker; 


was  elected  alderman  and  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  the  State;  in  1851  was  elected  Mayor  of  Albany, 
which  office  he  held  twelve  years;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-second  and 
Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Perry,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  August  2,  1811;  when  a  child  removed 
with  his  father,  Rev.  Daniel  Perry,  to  Oxford,  Maine; 
received  a  common  school  education,  and  of  his  own 
accord  spent  three  years  at  the  ' '  Maine  Wesleyan 
Seminary,"  paying  for  his  tuition  by  laboring  on  the 
farm  belonging  to  the  institution,  and  also  by  teach 
ing  school  in  the  winter;  spent  three  years  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  turned  his  attention  to  the  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Oxford,  Maine,  in  1844, 
and  there  practiced  his  profession;  was  elected  to  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1839,  1842,  and  1843;  was  after 
wards,  for  seven  years,  Major-General  of  the  Maine 
Militia;  in  1846  and  1847,  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1854  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Maine  House 
of  Representatives;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1855  to  1857;  was  connected  with  the  press,  as 
editor  of  the  Oxford  Democrat,  a  paper  published  at 
Paris,  Maine;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maine  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Territories;  was  a  member 
of  the  ''  Peace  Congress  ''  of  1861. 

Perry,  Madison  S.;    was  Governor  of  Florida 

from  1857  to  1861. 

Perry,  Matthew  Galbraith ;  was  born  in  New 
port,  Rhode  Island,  in  1794:  was  appointed  Midship 
man  in  the  I'nited  States  Navy  in  1809:  Lieutenant 
in  1813;  Con nnander  in  1826.  and  Captain  in  1837; 
in  1819  fixed  the  locality  of  the  first  settlement  of 
Liberia;  from  1821  to  1824  cruised  in  the  West 
Indies  and  captured  several  pirates;  was  in  the  Med 
iterranean  from  1830  to  1833;  on  his  return  took 
charge  of  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard;  then  commanded 
the  African  Squadron ;  then  the  Gulf  Squadron,  and 
co-operated  in  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  during  the 
Mexican  War;  from  1852  to  1854  commanded  the 
Japan  Expedition,  and  negotiated  an  important  treaty 
with  that  power  in  1854;  an  account  of  the  expedi 
tion  was  published  in  1856  in  three  large  volumes. 
Died  in  New  York,  March  4,  1858. 

Perry,  Nehemiah;  was  born  at  Ridgefield, 
Connecticut,  March  30,  1816;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  at  the  West  Lane  Seminary;  was  chiefly  en 
gaged  in  the  cloth  and  clothing  business;  was  for 
many  years  the  presiding  member  of  the  Common 
Council  of  Newark,  New  Jersey;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  and  Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty -eighth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Perry,  R.  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  Rhode  Island; 
while  holding  the  position  of  Consul  at  San  Domingo, 
in  1869,  was  empowered  to  negotiate  for  the  cession 
of  that  country  to  the  United  States,  and  also  to 
obtain  a  lease  of  Samana  Bay 

Perry,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845 
to  1847;  was  a  Circuit  Judge  from  1851  to  1861,  and 
from  1864  to  1871.  Died  in  Cumberland,  June  27, 
1871,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Perry,  William ;  in  1790  was  appointed  an  Asso 
ciate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Terri 
tory  lying  south  of  the  Ohio  River. 


38tt 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Perry,  William  Hayne;  was  born  at  Green 
ville,  South  Carolina,  June  9,  1839;  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  city,  in  the  Furman  Uni 
versity,  at  the  South  Carolina  College,  and  at  Har 
vard  College,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  graduating 
from  the  latter  institution  with  distinguished  honors; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Colum 
bia,  South  Carolina;  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his 
profession  as  a  partner  of  his  father;  entered  the 
Confederate  Army  in  1861  and  served  throughout  the 
war,  being  promoted  to  First  Lieutenant  and  Adju 
tant;  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  soon  after 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Convention;  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1868 
was  elected  Solicitor  of  the  Western  Circuit  and 
served  four  years;  in  1880  was  elected  State  Senator 
an d  served  four  years;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Persons,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Georgia,  in  1834;  removed  to  Talbot  County  in  1836; 
in  1855  graduated  at  the  University  of  Georgia;  de 
voted  his  attention  to  agriculture;  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  as  Captain ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Peter,  George  ;  was  born  in  Georgetown,  Mont 
gomery  County,  Maryland  (now  the,  District  of  Co 
lumbia),  September  28,  1779;  was  educated  at  pri 
vate  institutions  and  at  the  Georgetown  College;  en 
tered  the  United  States  Army  in  1799,  and  resigned 
in  1809;  served  as  Major  of  Volunteers  during  the 
War  of  1812;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1816  to  1819,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827;  was  twice 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  also  served  the 
public  as  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  for  the  State 
of  Maryland.  Died  in  Montgomery  County,  Mary 
land,  June  22,  1861. 

Peters,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Ellsworth,  Han 
cock  County,  Maine,  October  9,  1822;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1842;  studied  law  at  the  Harvard 
Law  School,  and  came  to  the  bar  at  Bangor  in  1844 ; 
in  1862  and  1863  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Maine; 
in  1864  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives; 
at  the  close  of  1864  and  also  in  1865  and  1866  was 
elected  by  the  Legislature  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  was,  subsequently,  elected  a  Representative 
from  Maine  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditures  and  Patents;  was 
re-elected  to  the  two  succeeding  Congresses,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Library  and  on 
the  Judiciary  Committee. 

Peters,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1778;  received  a  good  education;  was  several  years 
in  the  State  Legislature;  was  Lieutenant-Go vernor 
from  1827  to  1831 ;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut  from 
1831  to  1833.  Died  in  Hebron,  April  1,  1858. 

Peters,  Richard  ;  was  born  near  Philadelphia. 
August  22,  1744;  graduated  at  Philadelphia  College; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  very  successful  in 
his  native  State,  because  of  the  fluency  with  which 
he  spoke  German;  was  remarkable  for  his  wit,  and 
when  he  accompanied  the  delegation  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Six  Nations,  the  Indians  were  so  de 
lighted  with  his  vivacity  that  he  was  formally 
adopted  by  them  into  their  tribes;  at  the  commence 
ment  of  the  Revolution  became  a  Captain  of  Volun 
teers,  but  was  soon  transferred  to  the  Board  of  War, 
with  which  he  was  connected  until  1781,  when  he 
resigned  his  post,  and  received  from  Congress  a  vote 
of  thanks  for  his  services;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1782  to  1783;  after  the 


organization  of  the  Federal  Government,  President 
Washington  offered  him  the  position  of  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  which  he  de 
clined,  but  accepted  that  of  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  which  situation  he  occupied 
until  his  death :  besides  his  duties  on  the  bench,  he 
was  engaged  in  the  pursuits  of  agriculture  and  public 
works;  was  first  President  of  the  Company  who  built 
the  permanent  bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  at  Phila 
delphia;  in  1797  published  his  experiments  in  agri 
culture  and  improvements  in  American  husbandryi 
was  President  of  the  Philadelphia  Agricultural  So 
ciety,  and  enriched  its  memoirs  with  many  valuable 
communications.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  August  21, 
1828. 

Peters,  Samuel  R. ;  was  born  in  Pickaway 
County,  Ohio.  August  16,  1842;  worked  on  a  farm, 
attending  the  district  school  in  the  winter,  until 
1859;  in  that  year  entered  Wesleyan  University, 
Ohio;  left  in  his  sophomore  year,  in  1861,  to  enlist  in 
the  Union  Army  as  a  private;  served  until  1865, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  graduated  from  the 
Law  Department  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in 
1867;  practiced  law,  and  edited  the  Memphis  Reveille 
newspaper,  at  Memphis,  Missouri,  until  1873;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1872;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1873,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Marion  Centre;  was  elected  State 
Senator  in  1874;  in  March,  1875,  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District;  in  the  succeed 
ing  November  was  elected  to  the  same  position,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1879;  removed  to  Newton,  Kansas, 
in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kansas 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Petrie,  G-eorge;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847 
to  1849. 

Petriken,  David ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  January  3,  1849. 

Pettees,  John  J.;  was  Governor  of  Mississippi 
from  1860  to  1862;  was  a  Brigadier-General  in  the 
Confederate  service;  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Peach 
Creek,  Georgia,  July  20,  1864. 

Pettibone,  Augustus  H.;  was  born  at  Bedford, 
Ohio,  January  21,  1835;  graduated  from  the  Univers 
ity  of  Michigan  in  1859;  studied  law  and  commenced 
practice  at  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  from  1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Major; 
settled  in  Tennessee;  was  elected  Attorney-General 
for  the  First  Judicial  Circuit;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1868  and  1876;  was  Assistant  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  several  years;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-sev 
enth,  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses." 

Pettigrew,  Ebenezer ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1835  to  1837,  and 
•was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the 
Navy  Department. 

Pettigrew,  R.  F.;  was  born  at  Ludlow,  Vermont, 
in  July,  1848;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Wis 
consin  in  1854;  received  a  good  education;  studied 
law;  went  to  Dakota  in  1869,  and,  after  following 
various  vocations,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in 
1875;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council  in  1877, 
and  re-elected  in  1879;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from 
Dakota  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


389 


Pettis,  Spencer  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  ed 
ucated  a  lawyer;  on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Mis 
souri,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  serving  from  1829  to  1831.  Died  August 
•26,  1831,  aged  twenty-nine  years,  having  fallen  in  a 
duel,  with  Major  Thomas  Biddle,  at  St.  Louis. 

Pettis,  S.  Newton ;  was  born  in  Ashtabula 
County,  Ohio,  in  1828;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  Pennsylvania  in  1848;  in  1861  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  a  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  Colorado;  before  the  close  of  that  year  he 
Tesigned,  and  returned  to  Pennsylvania;  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  D. 
A.  Finney,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections; 
in  1878  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Bolivia, 
remaining  there  until  1880. 

Pettit,  Charles;  was  a  Revolutionary  patriot; 
was  a  successful  lawyer;  was  Secretary  of  New  Jersey 
under  Governor  Franklin,  and  continued  in  that 
office  under  Governor  Livingston,  until  called  by 
General  Greene  to  the  Post  of  Assistant  Quarter- 
Master  General;  at  the  resignation  of  General  Greene 
was  offered  the  position  of  Quarter-Master  General, 
which  he  declined;  after  the  close  of  the  war,  became 
a  merchant  in  Philadelphia;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  and  author  of  the  funding  system ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to 
1787.  and  an  advocate  for  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 
Constitution  in  the  General  Convention  at  Harris- 
burg.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  September  4,  1806, 
aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Pettit,  John  ;  was  born  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  Jef 
ferson  County,  New  York,  July  24,  1807;  received  a 
good  education;  studied  law;  removed  to  Lafayette, 
Indiana,  in  1831 ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature;  United  States  District  Attorney;  served  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1847,  and  in  the  United  States  Senate  from  1853  to 
1855;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitu 
tional  Convention,"  and  twice  held  the  office  of  Cir 
cuit  Judge;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  in 
1859  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Federal  Courts  of  Kansas;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1864. 

Pettit,  John  U.;  was  born  in  New  York;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College  in  1839 ;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Wabash,  In 
diana,  in  1841;  went  as  United  States  Consul  to 
Maranham,  Brazil,  in  1850;  on  his  return,  in  1853, 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Upper  Wabash  Circuit 
Court  of  Indiana;  was  elected  to  Congress,  as  a  Rep 
resentative  from  that  State,  in  1854;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty -fifth  Congress;  was  a  member  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Library;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Library  Committee. 

Peyton,  Bailie ;  was  born  in  Surnner  County, 
Tennessee;  received  a  liberal  education;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  18:57;  in  1849  was 
appointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Chili; 
was  subsequently  elected  United  States  District  At 
torney  for  Louisiana;  was,  for  a  time  settled  at  San 
Francisco,  California,  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  but  returned  to  his  native  State;  in  1861  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  of  Tennessee;  sub 
sequently  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion. 

Peyton,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Surnner  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  in  1813;  was  frequently  elected  to  the 


Senate  of  Tennessee;  held  many  other  local  positions 
of  high  character;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1843  to  1845,  received  a  medical  education,  but 
abandoned  that  profession  for  politics.  Died  in  Sum- 
ner  County,  Tennessee,  November  12,  1845,  having 
been  re-elected  to  Congress. 

Peyton,  Samuel  O.;  was  born  in  Bullitt  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  in  1804;  received  a  good  common  school 
education;  settled  in  Hartford,  Kentucky,  and  de 
voted  two  years  to  the  duties  of  a  clerk;  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  at  Transylvania  University 
in  1827;  in  1835  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky 
from  1847  to  1849;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving,  during  his 
last  term,  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds.  Died  in  Hartford,  Ken 
tucky,  in  January,  1870. 

Phelps,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Guilfbrd,  Ver 
mont,  May  1,  1833;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
Pennsylvania  in  1838,  and  to  Maryland  in  1841; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1852,  and  at  the 
Law  School  of  Harvard  University  in  1853;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  Maryland  bar  in  1855;  in  1858 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science;  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  1859; 
during  that  year  assisted  in  organizing  the  "Mary 
land  Guard"  for  municipal  purposes;  was  chosen 
Captain;  afterwards  Major,  which  latter  commission 
he  resigned  April  19,  1861,  rather  than  obey  an  order 
that  he  deemed  treasonable;  in  1860  was  a  member  of 
I  the  City  Council  of  Baltimore;  in  1862  was  made 
!  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Seventh  Maryland  Volun- 
I  teers;  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1863,  and 
honorably  discharged  on  account  of  wounds  in  1864; 
was  soon  afterwards  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  the  Militia  and  on  Naval  Affairs; 
was,  subsequently,  commissioned  a  Brigadier-General 
for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and  Expenses  in 
the  "War  Department;  in  1864  was  one  of  a  Commis 
sion  to  revise  the  Militia  Laws  of  Maryland;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  appointed  to 
conduct  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illi- 


Phelps,  Darwin;  was  born  in  East  Granby, 
Hartford  County,  Connecticut;  when  quite  young 
became  an  orphan,  and  went  to  reside  with  his 
grandparents  in  Portage  County,  Ohio;  received  a 
good  education  at  the  Western  University,  and  after 
studying  law  in  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  with  his 
kinsman,  Walter  Forward,  settled  in  Armstrong 
County  in  1835,  devoting  himself  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession;  in  1855  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Conven 
tion  of  1860;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions,  and 
Public  Buildings. 

Phelps,  Edward  John ;  was  born  at  Middle- 
bury,  Vermont,  July  11,  1822;  read  law  at  Yale  Law 
School  in  1842  and  1843;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Vermont,  in  December.  1843,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Middlebury,  Vermont;  was  Second 
Comptroller  of  the  United  States  Treasury  from 
September,  1851,  to  May,  1853;  was  a  member  of  the 
Vermont  Constitutional  Convention  in  1870;  was 
elected  President  of  the  American  Bar  Association 
in  1880;  became  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale  College  in 


390 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1881;  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Yale  College,  and  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Middle- 
bury  College;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Great 
Britain. 

Phelps,  Elisha ;  was  a  native  of  Simsbury,  Con 
necticut;  bora  in  November,  1779;  graduated  at  Yale 
Cqllege  in  1800,  and  studied  law  at  Litchfield;  was 
several  times  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  and  of  the  Senate  of  his  native  State;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the 
Legislature  in  1821  and  1829;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  181!)  to  1821,  and 
also  from  1825  to  1829;  was  Comptroller  of  the  State 
from  1830  to  1834;  in  1835  was  appoiuvd  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  revise  the  statutes  of  Connecticut. 
Died  at  Simsbury,  in  April.  1847. 

Phelps,  James;  was  born  at  Colebrook,  Con 
necticut,  January  12,  1822;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  was  several  times  a 
member  of  the  Connecticut  Legislature;  was  elected, 
by  the  General  Assembly,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  for  the  Constitutional  term  of  eight 
years;  was  re-elected  in  1871;  in  1873  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors,  which  office 
he  held  when  elected  a  Representative  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh 
Congresses;  declined  a  re-nomination. 

Phelps,  John  Smith  ;  was  born  in  Simsbury. 
Hartford  County,  Connecticut,  December  22,  1814; 
was  educated  at  Washington  (now  Trinity)  College, 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  studied  law  in  the  office 
of  his  father,  Elisha  Phelps;  practiced  law  a  short 
time  in  his  native  State;  in  1837  emigrated  to  Mis 
souri,  and  settled  at  Springfield,  Greene  County, 
near  which  town  he  now  resides;  in  1840  was  chosen 
by  the  people  of  Greene  County  to  represent  them  in 
the  Legislature;  having  been  appointed  Brigade-In 
spector  in  1841,  has  since  borne  the  title  of  Major; 
in  1844  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem  her 
of  the  Select  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Re 
bellious  States;  was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress;  served  as  Colonel  of  Volunteers  in 
1801;  in  1862  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
Military  Governor  of  Arkansas;  during  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means,  and  generally  served  on  important 
Committees;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  National  I'nion  Convention  "  of  1866;  in  1867  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  to  settle  the  War  Claims 
of  Indiana;  in  1876  was  elected  Governor  of  Mis 
souri;  in  June,  1882,  was  tendered  a  position  as 
member  of  the  Tariff  Commission,  but  declined  to 
serve. 

Phelps,  Launcelot ;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1835  to  1839. 

Phelps,  Oliver ;  was  born  at  Windsor,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1749;  received  a  mercantile  education  at  Suf- 
field,  Connecticut;  engaged  in  business  at  Granville, 
Massachusetts;  during  the  Revolution  was  in  the 
Commissary  Department  of  that  State;  in  1788  pur 
chased,  with  Nathaniel  Gorham,  of  the  State  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  a  tract  of  two  million  two  hundred  thou 
sand  acres  of  land,  in  theGenesee  Country,  New  York, 
now  the  Counties  of  Steuben  and  Ontario:  opened 
the  first  land  office  in  America,  at  Canandaigua.  and 


his  system  became  the  model  for  all  subsequent  sur 
veys;  in  1795,  was  one  of  the  purchasers  of  the  West 
ern  Reserve,  in  Ohio,  comprising  three  million  three 
hundred  thousand  acres;  afterwards  removed  to  Can 
andaigua;  represented  that  district  in  Congress  from 
1803  to  1805;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court;  his 
principal  associate  in  the  Western  Reserve  purchase 
was  one  William  Hart ;  he  had  a  son  who  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Legislature  from  Ontario  County 
in  1834;  as  a  man  of  enterprise,  his  reputation  was 
very  extensive.  Died  in  Canandaigua,  February  21, 
1809. 

Phelps,  Seth  L.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  educated 
at  the  United  States  Naval  Academy,  at  Annapolis. 
Maryland,  and  was  commissioned  a  Midshipman  in 
the  United  States  Navy;  served  throughout  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain ;  in  1865 
resigned  his  commission  and  entered  the  service  of 
the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company ;  resided  in 
i  China,  Japan  and  Mexico  for  several  years  in  this 
connection;  became  V ice-President  of  the  Company; 
resigned  in  June,  1878,  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
Commissioner  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1883 
was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Envoy  Extraor 
dinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United 
States  to  Peru.  Died,  at  his  post,  shortly  after  enter 
ing  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

Phelps,  Samuel  S.;  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  May  13,  1793;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1811;  while  studying  law  in  1812,  entered  the  Ameri 
can  army;  before  the  close  of  his  military  career  was 
appointed  Paymaster;  settled  in  Middlebury,  and 
practiced  law;  in  1827  was  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  Censors,  and  wrote  the  address  issued  by  that 
body;  in  1831,  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
tive  Council  of  Vermont,  and  was  soon  afterwards 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
in  which  position  he  remained  until  1838;  was  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  1839  to  1851,  in  which  body  he 
displayed  abilities  of  a  high  order;  in  January,  1853, 
was  appointed  to  the  Senate  in  the  place  of  William 
Upham,  deceased,  and  served  until  October,  1854. 

Phelps,  Timothy  G.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
removing  to  California,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress. 

Phelps,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Oakland 
County,  Michigan,  June  1,  1826;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Michigan  in  1846;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  184M;  edited  a  Democratic 
newspaper,  in  Oakland  County,  from  1851  to  185r>- 
in  1852  and  1853  held  the  office  of  Commissioner  for 
his  native  county,  performing  the  duties  of.  Judge  at 
Chambers;  in  1854  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at 
Red  Wing,  in  Minnesota;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mile 
age;  in  1860  assumed  the  editorship  of  the  Red  Wino- 
Sentinel. 

Phelps,  William  Walter;  was  born  in  New 
York,  August  24,  1839;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
I860;  pursued  his  studies  in  Europe,  and  later  at 
Columbia  College,  New  York;  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law;  was  a  Director  of  the  National  City 
and  Second  National  Banks  of  New  York;  the  United 
States  Trust,  and  Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust  Com 
panies;  also  in  various  railroad  companies;  was  made 
Fellow  of  Yale  College  in  1872;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty -third  Congress;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1880;  was 
appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Austria  in  1881 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


391 


but  resigned  in  a  few  months;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth. Congress. 

Philips,  John  Finis ;  was  born  in  Boone  County, 
Missouri.  December  31,  1834;  was  educated  at  the 
State  University  of  Missouri  and  Centre  College  in 
Kentucky,  graduating  at  the  latter  institution  in 
1855;  studied  law,  and  began  to  practice  in  George 
town,  Missouri,  in  1857;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Convention,  in  1860,  to  determine  the  relations  of  the 
.State  and  Federal  Government;  served  the  tioven 
ment  as  Colonel  of  a  Regiment  of  Cavalry  throughout 
the  Civil  War;  a  part  of  the  time  was  Brigade  Com 
mander;  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General,  by  the 
Governor,  in  1864,  but  refused  confirmation  by  the 
State  Senate  on  political  grounds;  at  the  close  of  the 
war  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1868  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  National  Convention  at  New  York;  on 
his  return  home  was  nominated  for  Congress,  but 
was  defeated  through  mob  violence;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress,  in  January,  1880,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  A.  M.  Lay. 

Phillips,  Henry  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Finance. 

Phillips,  John ;  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  from  1821  to  1823. 

Phillips,  Philip  ;  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  December  13,  1807;  was  educated  at  the 
Norwich  Military  Academy,  in  Vermont,  and  at 
Middletown,  Connecticut;  in  1825  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  Charleston,  and  on  the  day  after  at 
taining  his  majority  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  en 
tered  public  life  by  becoming  a  mem  her  of  the  "Nul 
lification  Convention,"  in  1832,  and  voted  with  the  mi 
nority  ;  in  1834  waselected,  for  two  years,  to  the  State 
Legislature;  resigned  in  1835;  removed  to  Mobile, 
Alabama,  and  practiced  his  profession  with  success; 
in  1K>7  was  elected  President  of  the  Alabama  "Dem 
ocratic  State  Convention";  in  1844  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Federal  Relations;  in  1849  was  President  of  an 
"Internal  Improvement  Convention";  in  1851  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature ;  in  1852  went  to  the 
"  Baltimore  Convention  ";  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Alabama,  from  1853  to  1855,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
Died  there,  January  14,  1884. 

Phillips,  Stephen  Clarendon;  was  born  at 
Salem,  Massachusetts,  November  1,  1801;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1819,  with  high  honors; 
'began  to  study  law,  but  soon  became  a  merchant; 
from  1824  to  1829,  by  annual  re-elections,  was  chosen 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  from  1830 
to  1831  was  State  Senator;  in  1832  and  1833  was 
again  a  member  of  the  House;  from  1834  to  1838  rep 
resented  Massachusetts  in  Congress;  from  December, 
1838,  to  March,  1842,  was  Mayor  of  Salem,  and  upon 
his  voluntary  retirement  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
salary  as  Mayor  to  the  public  schools  of  the  city;  in 
1840  was  one  of  the  Presidential  electors  for  Massa 
chusetts;  in  1848  and  1849  was  the  Free-soil  •  Candi 
date  for  Governor;  held  various  State  and  private 
trusts,  in  the  discharge  of  which,  by  his  ability,  sa 
gacity,  experience,  and  integrity,  he  rendered  signal 
service;  was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of  the  State 


Board  of  Education,  and  a  Trustee  of  the  State  Luna 
tic  Hospital  at  Worcester;  retired  from  public  life  in 
1849,  and  was  extensively  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business;  was  lost  by  the  burning  of  the  steamer 
Montreal,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  June  26,  1857, 
while  returning  from  Quebec,  whither  he  had  been 
on  business. 

Phillips,  William  A. ;  was  born  in  Paisley, 
Scotland,  January  14,  1826;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1838;  practiced  law  and  edited  a  newspaper 
until  1855;  went  to  Kansas  as  a  writer  for  the  New 
York  Tribune;  entered  the  army  as  Major  in  1861; 
commanded  an  Indian  regiment  during  the  war  in 
the  West;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  of 
Kansas;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  and 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Phillips,  William  F.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in 
1853  was  appointed  from  that  State  Sixth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury,  remaining  in  office  until  1857. 

Philson,  Robert;  was  born  in  Donegal,  Ireland; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1819  to  1821. 

Phister,  Elijah  Conner;  was  born  atMaysville, 
Kentucky,  October  8,  1822;  graduated  at  Augusta 
College,  Kentucky,  in  1840;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  1844;  was  Mayor  of  Maysville  in 
1847  and  1848;  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  in  1856 
and  served  six  years;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  from  1867  to  1871;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  tl~«  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty -seventh  Congresses;  declined  a  re-nomina 
tion. 

Phoenix,  J.  Phillips;  was  born  in  Morristown, 
New  Jersey;  was  for  many  years  a  leading  merchant 
in  New  York  City;  served  several  years  in  the  Coun 
cils  of  the  city;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1843  to  1845;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly  in  1848,  from  New  York  City; 
was  again  in  Congress  from  1849  to  1851,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  in  1841 
was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died,  suddenly,  in  New 
York,  May  4,  1859,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Pickens,  Andre w  J. ;  was  born  at  Paxton, 
Pennsylvania,  September  19,  1739;  removed  with  his 
father,  in  1752,  to  the  Warsaw  Settlement,  in  South 
Carolina;  served  as  a  volunteer  in  Grant's  expedition 
against  the  Cherokees,  and  was  an  active  military 
partisan  during  the  Revolution;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  from  the  close  of  the  war  until  1793, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1793  to  1795;  in  1795  was  commissioned  Major- 
General  of  the  South  Carolina  Militia,  and  was  fre 
quently  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the  Indians;  it 
was  his  son  who  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1816 
to  1817.  Died  in  Pendleton  District,  South  Carolina. 
August  17, 1817. 

Pickens,  Francis  W.;  was  born  at  Togadoo, 
St.  Paul's  Parish,  South  Carolina,  April  7,  1807; 
was  educated  at  South  Carolina  College:  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1829,  and  began  to  practice  at  Edgefield 
District;  in  1832  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  took  part  in  the  Nullification  excitement; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1845; 
in  1836  made  a  speech  opposing  the  right  of  Con- 
Tress  to  abolish  slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia; 
in  1844  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Nashville  Southern  Convention  in  1850 
and  1851;  presided  over  the  State  Convention  in  1854; 


82 


BIOGKAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


was  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  at  Cincinnati  in 
1856;  was  Minister  to  Russia  from  1857  to  I860; 
when  South  Carolina  seceded  from  the  Union  was 
chosen  Governor  of  the  State;  demanded  the  sur 
render  of  Fort  Sumter  by  General  Anderson,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Rebellion;  was  a  planter, 
and  gave  much  attention  to  scientific  agriculture. 
Died  at  Edgefield,  January  25,  1869 

»  Pickens,  Israel;  was  born  in  Cabarus  County, 
North  Carolina;  served  one  year  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1811  to  1817,  in  which  year  he  was  appoint 
ed  Register  of  the  Land  Office  of  Mississippi  Territory ; 
on  removing  to  Alabama  was  elected  Governor  of 
that  State  in  1821;  in  1826  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Alabama. 

Pickering1,  John ;  was  born  at  Newington,  New 
Hampshire,  September  22,  1737;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1761;  was  a  lawyer  and  jurist;  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Consti 
tution  of  New  Hampshire;  in  1787  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution,  but  declined;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  Hampshire  from  1790  fo  1795, 
and  was  at  one  time  Chief  Justice;  was  subsequently 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  New 
Hampshire,  but  his  reason  became  impaired  and  he 
was  removed  from  office  in  1804.  Died  at  Ports 
mouth,  April  11,  1805. 

Pickering,  Timothy  ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July  17,  1745;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1763,  and  after  the  usual  course  of  profes 
sional  studies,  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  the 
law ;  when  the  dissensions  between  the  mother  coun 
try  and  our  own  commenced,  he  became  the  cham 
pion  and  leader  of  the  Whigs  of  the  quarter  where  he 
lived ;  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  of  Inspec 
tion  and  Correspondence,  and  bore  the  entire  burden 
of  writing;  the  addresses  which,  in  1774,  the  inhab 
itants  of  Salem,  in  full  town  meeting,  voted  to  Gov 
ernor  Gage,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Boston  Port  Bill, 
proceeded  from  his  pen;  a  part  of  it,  disclaiming  any 
wish  on  the  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  Salem  to  profit 
by  the  closing  of  the  port  of  Boston,  is  quoted  by 
Dr  Ramsay,  in  his  history  of  the  American  Revolu 
tion;  in  April,  1775,  on  receiving  intelligence  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  he  inarched  with  a  regiment,  of 
which  he  was  at  the  time  Commander,  to  Charles- 
town,  but  had  not  an  opportunity  of  coming  to  ac 
tion;  before  the  close  of  the  same  year,  when  the  pro 
visional  government  was  organizing,  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 
Essex,  his  native  county,  and  sole  Judge  of  the  Mari 
time  Court  for  the  Middle  District,  comprehending 
Boston,  Salem,  and  the  other  ports  in  Essex;  these 
offices  he  held  until  he  accepted  an  appointment  in 
the  army;  in  1777  was  named  Adjutant-General,  by 
Washington,  and  joined  the  army,  then  at  Middle- 
brook,  New  Jersey;  continued  with  the  Commander- 
in-Chief  until  the  American  forces  went  into  winter 

Quarters  at  Valley  Torge,  having  been  present  at  the 
attics  of  Brandy  wine  and  Germantown;  then  pro 
ceeded  to  discharge  the  duties  of  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Board  of  War,  to  which  he  had  been 
elected  by  Congress;  in  this  station  he  remained  un 
til  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  General  Greene  in 
the  office  of  (Quartermaster-General,  .which  he  re 
tained  during  the  residue  of  the  war,  and  in  which 
he  contributed  much  to  the  surrender  of  Corn  wall  is 
at  Yorktown;  from  1790  to  1794  was  charged  by 
President  Washington,  with  several  negotiations 
with  the  Indian  nations  on  our  frontiers;  in  1791  was 
m;ide  Irostmu.ster-General;  in  1794  removed  from  that 


station  to  the  Secretaryship  of  War,  on  the  resigna 
tion  of  General  Knox;  in  1795  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  the  place  of  Edmund  Randolph;  from 
that  office  he  was  removed,  by  President  Adams,  in 
1800;  attheend  of  the  year  1801  returned  to  Massachu 
setts;  in  1803  the  Legislature  of  that  State  elected 
him  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for  the  residue  of  the 
term  of  Dwight  Foster,  who  had  resigned,  and  in 
1805  re-elected  him  to  the  same  station  for  the  term 
of  six  years;  after  its  expiration,  in  1811,  was  chos 
en,  by  the  Legislature,  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council;  during  the  War  of  1812  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  War  for  the  defense  of  the 
State;  in  1814  was  returned  to  Congress,  and  held  his 
seat  until  March,  1817;  then  finally  retired  to  private 
life.  His  death  took  place  January  29,  1829.  In 
public  life  he  was  distinguished  for  energy,  ability, 
and  disinterestedness;  as  a  soldier  he  was  brave  and 
patriotic,  and  his  writings  bear  ample  testimony  to 
his  talents  and  information;  he  was  one  of  the  leaders 
of  the  Federal  party  of  the  United  States.  In  1867 
his  life  was  published  by  his  son  Octavius. 

Pickering,  William;  was  born  in  England; 
emigrated  to  Illinois;  in  1861  was  appointed  from 
that  State  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Washing 
ton,  residing  in  Olympia,  serving  in  office  until 
1867. 

Pickett,  James  O.(  was  born  in  Fauquier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia.  February  6,  1793;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Mason  County,  Kentucky,  in  1796;  re 
ceived  a  superior  education,  and  was  fitted  for  public 
service  at  an  early  age;  in  the  War  of  1812  was  an 
officer  in  the  United  States  Artillery;  served  also  in 
the  army  from  1818  to  1821;  resigned,  and  returned 
to  Mason  County,  where  he  commenced  the  practice 
of  law;  was  editor  of  the  Ifaym-ilh'  Enyle  in  1815; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  182.2;  Secretary 
of  the  State  from  1825  to  1828;  was  Secretary  of 
Legation  to  Columbia  from  1829  to  1833;  a  portion 
of  that  time  acted  as  Charge  d' Affaires;  was  Commis 
sioner  of  the  United  States  Patent  Office  in  1835;  was 
Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  from  1835  to  1833; 
was  Minister  to  Ecuador  in  1838;  Charge  d'1  Affaires 
to  Peru  from  1838  to  1845,  was,  for  a  few  years, 
editor  of  the  Congressional  Globe,  at  Washington,  in 
which  city  he  died  July  10,  1872. 

Pickett,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1836 
was  appointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  re 
maining  in  office  until  1838. 

Pickman,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  1763;  grad 
uated  at  Cambridge  in  1784;  visited  Europe;  on  his 
return  studied  law;  though  admitted  to  the  bar, 
abandoned  the  profession;  devoting  himself  to  mer 
cantile  pursuits;  in  1800  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  was  re- 
elected  a  number  of  years;  in  1807  became  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1809  to  1811;  in  1820  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  for  revising  the  State  Constitu 
tion;  also  held  many  other  offices  of  trust  and  honor. 
Died  at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  in  August,  1843. 

Pidcock,  James  Nelson  ;  was  born  at  White 
House,  Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey,  February  8, 
1836;  received  a  district  school  education;  was  en 
gaged  in  civil  engineering  from  1850  to  1857;  in  18.".7 
became  a  farmer  and  dealer  in  live  stock;  was  State 
Senator  from  1877  to  1880;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty -ninth 
Congress. 

Pierce,  Benjamin;  was  born  at  Clemsford  Mas 
sachusetts,  December  25,  1757;  his  early  years  were 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1593 


spent  on  a  farm;  joined  the  Revolutionary  Array 
after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  remained  in  it 
through  the  war;  was  at  Bunker  Hill  and  Bemis 
Heights;  served  as  Ensign,  Lieutenant,  and  Brigadier- 
General;  from  1789  to  1802  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Council;  Chancellor  from  1803  to  1809,  and 
again  from  1814  to  1818;  was  High  Sheriff  from  1809 
to  1814,  and  again  from  1818  to  1823;  was  Governor 
from  18-27  to  1829.  Died  at  Hillsborough,  New 
Hampshire,  April  1,  1839.  He  was  the  father  of 
Franklin  Pierce,  President  of  the  United  States. 

Pierce,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  4,  1809;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1829;  after  teaching  school  in  Northamp 
ton,  was  appointed  tutor  in  mathematics  at  Cam 
bridge  in  1831;  Professor  of  Mathemathics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  1833;  was  Perkin's  Professor 
of  Astronomy  from  1842  to  1847;  was  Consulting 
Astronomer  to  "The  American  Epl  eiiieiis  and 
Nautical  Almanac  "  from  its  establishment  in  1849; 
was  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London  from 
1852;  President  of  the  American  Institution  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  in  1853;  one  of  the  Council 
which  established  Dudley  Observatory  in  1855;  Super 
intendent  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  from 
18(57  to  1874;  was  a  contributor  to  several  scientific 
journals;  published  several  valuable  text-books  from 
183(5  to  1846;  "Treatise  on  Analytic  Mechanics"; 
"Associative  Algebra":  "Theory  of  the  Tails  of 
Comets";  methods  of  investigating  terrestrial  longi 
tudes  in  the  "  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Coast 
Survey  " ;  also  "  Criterion  for  the  Rejection  of  Doubt 
ful  Observations  ' ' ;  discovered  and  announced  the 
fluidity  of  Saturn's  rings  in  1851 ;  prepared  a  volume 
of  lunar  tables  for  the  Nautical  Almanac;  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1847. 

Pierce,  Charles  W.;  was  bom  in  New  York  in 
1823;  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Illinois  Volunteers 
soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion ;  set 
tled  in  Alabama  in  1867;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  that  State  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Interior  Depart 
ment. 

Pierce,  Franklin ;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Hillsboro,  New  Hampshire,  in  1804;  after  complet 
ing  his  academic  studies,  entered  Bowdoin  College, 
Maine;  on  leaving  college,  commenced  his  legal 
studies  at  Northampton,  Massachusetts,  but  subse 
quently  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  finished  his 
studies  at  Amherst;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  his  native 
town;  before  the  end  of  two  years  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  during  his 
second  year's  service  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House;  in  1832  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  Twenty-third  Congress;  in 
1834  was  re-elected  to  the  Twenty-fourth  Congress; 
in  1837  was  elected  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate;  after  five  years'  service  in  that  body,  re 
signed  his  seat:  settled  in  Concord,  New  Hampshire, 
and  resumed  practice  at  the  bar;  adhered  to  his 
resolution  of  accepting  no  political  office,  refusing  to 
be  a  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State,  or  United 
States  Senator,  and  declining  the  offices  of  Attorney- 
General  and  Secretary  of  War,  which  were  tendered 
him  by  President  Polk;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Mexican  War,  however,  he  enrolled  himself  as  a 
private  soldier  in  the  New  England  Regiment,  but 
President  Polk  sent  him  a  Colonel's  commission,  and 
subsequently,  in  March,  1847,  raised  him  to  the  rank 
of  Brigadier-General;  was  in  most  of  the  battles 
which  were  fought  between  Vera  Cruz  and  the  City 


of  Mexico;  on  the  restoration  of  peace  between  the 
two  countries,  resigned  his  commission  and  returned 
home,  where  he  remained,  comparatively  unobserved, 
until  1852,  when  he  was  nominated  as  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  the  Presidency;  was  elected 
President  of  the  United  States  in  November,  1852; 
was  inaugurated  March  4,  1853,  and  served  to  the 
end  of  his  term,  after  which  he  retired  to  private 
life.  The  best  biography  of  him  was  written  by  his 
personal  friend,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne.  Died  in  Con 
cord,  New  Hampshire,  October  8,  1869. 

Pierce,  Gilbert  A.;  was  born  in  Cattaraugus 
County,  New  York,  January  11,  1838;  settled  in 
Porter  County,  Indiana,  in  1856;  entered  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  at  Chicago  in  1859,  and 
remained  until  the  fall  of  1860,  when  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar,  and  opened  a  law  office  at  Valparaiso, 
Indiana;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  H.,  Ninth 
Indiana  Volunteers,  in  April,  1861,  and  was  elected 
Second  Lieutenant;  was  appointed  a  Captain  and 
Bjigade  Quartermaster,  by  President  Lincoln,  May 
3,  1861;  in  the  fall  of  1862  was  promoted  a  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel,  and  assigned  to  duty  as  Chief  Quarter 
master  of  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  then  stationed 
in  Texas;  in  1864  was  made  Colonel  and  Inspector; 
resigned  October  5,  1865,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  at  Valparaiso.  Indiana;  in  1868  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Indiana  Legislature;  in  1869 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Financial  Clerks  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  which  position  he  resigned  in 
1872  to  accept  an  editorial  position  on  the  Chicago 
Inter-Ocean;  was  made  managing  editor  of  that  paper 
in  1876,  and  remained  in  editorial  charge  until  1881, 
when  he  was  tendered,  and  accepted,  the  position  of 
Chief  Editorial  Writer  on  the  Chicago  Daily  News; 
was  the  author  of  the  Dickens  Dictionary,  issued  by 
James  R.  Osgood,  Boston,  and  of  two  novels  of  a 
political  character,  as  well  as  a  number  of  plays;  in 
June,  1884,  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Pierce,  Henry  Lillie ;  was  born  at  Stoughton, 
Massachusetts,  August  23,  1825;  received  a  thorough 
English  education;  was  a  manufacturer;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1860, 
1861,  1862,  and  1866;  was  an  Alderman  of  the  city 
of  Boston  in  1870  and  1871;  was  Mayor  of  Boston  in 
1873;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Levees. 

Pierce,  Joseph ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Hampshire  during  the  years  1801  and 
1802. 

Pierce,  Ray  Vaughn  ;  was  born  in  Stark,  Her- 
kimer  County,  New  York,  August  6, 1840;  received  a 
common  school  education;  studied  medicine,  gradu 
ating  in  1863;  practiced  at  Titusville,  Pennsylvania, 
until  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Buffalo,  New  York, 
and  established  an  infirmary;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1877;  resigned  in  1879;  in  1878  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Pierce,  Rice  A.;  was  born  at  Dresden,  Tennes 
see,  July  3,  1848;  .received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Raleigh, 
North  Carolina,  in  1868;  in  1869  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  at  Union  City,  Tennessee;  in  1874 
was  elected  District  Attorney-General  of  the  Twelfth 
Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State;  in  1878  was  re-elected 
for  the  full  term  of  eight  years;  in  1882  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 


394 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Pierce,  Robert  B.  F.;  was  born  at  Laurel,  In 
diana,  February  15,  184:5;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  graduated  at  Wa- 
bash  College  in  1866;  studied  law;  entered  upon  its 
practice  at  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  in  1867;  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  from  16(58  to  1874;  in  1880  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Pierce,  "William;  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
XVar  as  an  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Greene,  and  for 
his  services  a  sword  was  presented  to  him  by  the  old 
Congress;  was  a  Delegate  from  Georgia  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress;  was  a  member  of  tin-  Convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution;  while  in 
Congress  wrote  his  impressions  of  the  men  who  served 
in  that  body,  which  were  long  afterwards  published 
in  a  Savannah  paper. 

Pierpont,  Francis  H. ;  was  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  1864  to  1868. 

Pierrepont,  Edwards;  was  born  in  North 
Haven,  Connecticut,  March  4,  1817;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1837,  and  at  the  New  Haven  Law 
School ;  practiced  law  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  from  1840 
to  1845,  and  subsequently  in  Xew  York  City,  where 
he  became  eminent  in  his  profession;  was  Judge  of 
the  New  York  Supreme  Court  from  1857  to  18(50;  in 
1862  was^  made  a  member  of  the  Military  Commission 
for  the  trial  of  prisoners  of  State;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  was 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of 
New  York  from  1869  to  July,  1870;  was  a  Democrat 
in  1861,  but  became  a  Republican,  and  supported 
the  re-election  of  Mr.  Lincoln;  also  aided  in  the 
election  of  General  Grant;  was  appointed,  by  him, 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  May  15,  1875: 
was  one  of  the  prosecuting  counsel  in  the  trial  of 
Surratt  for  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln; 
did  much  by  his  pen  to  expose  the  corruptions  of  the 
Government;  was  an  active  member  of  the  "Com 
mittee  of  Seventy";  was,  for  several  years,  identi 
fied  with  the  Texas  and  Pacific  Railroad;  in  187G 
was  appointed  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to  Great  Britain. 

Pierson,  Isaac;  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  An 
gust  15,  1770;  was  educated  at  Princeton  College 
graduating  in  1789;  was  subsequently  a  fellow  of  the 
College  of  Surgeons  and  Physicians  of  New  York- 
practiced  medicine  for  forty  years;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1827  to  1831 
Died  in  New  Jersey,  September  22,  1833. 

Pierson,  Jeremiah  H. ;  was  born  in  Essex 
County,  New  Jersey;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1821  to  1823. 

Pierson,  Job  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Xew  York  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  April  9 
I860,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Pike,  Austin  P.;  was  bora  at  Hebron  New 
Hampshire,  October  16,  1819;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1845;  was  a  member  of  the  New  Hampshire  House 
of  Representatives  in  1850,  1851,  1852  1865  and 
1866  and  Speaker  during  the  last  two  years;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Senate  in  1857  and  1858,  and  was 
I  resident  of  the  Senate  in  the  latter  year-  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  Philadelphia  Convention  of  1856-  was 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Committee  in' 1858 
and  18o9;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Forty-third  Congress-  in  1883  was 


elected  a  United  States  Senator  from  New  Hampshire 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1883.  Died 
October  8,  1886. 

Pike,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  at  Calais,  Maine, 
where  he  always  resided;  was,  for  several  years,  a 
member  of  the  Maine  Legislature,  serving  one  term 
as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was,  for  several  years,  At 
torney  for  the  county  in  which  he  lived;  in  1860  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  State  Department,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  his  old  commit 
tees,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses 
in  the  State  Department;  was  also  a  member  of  the 
National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  re 
mains  of  President  Lincoln  ta  Illinois,  and  Chairman 
of  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Murders  in  South  Car 
olina;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction  as  well  as  on 
his  old  committees. 

Pike,  James ;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Massachu 
setts,  in  November,  1818;  was  educated  at  the  Wes- 
leyan  University,  in  Connecticut;  was  a  minister  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  from  1841  to  1854; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled  Bills. 

Pike,  James  S.;  was  a  citizen  of  Maine;  in  1851 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Mexico,  where 
he  remained  until  1866. 

Pile,  William  A.;  was  born  near  Indianapolis, 
Indiana,  February  11,  1829;  received  a  good  English 
and  classical  education;  was  a  clergyman  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  Conference  at  the  commencement  of  the  Re 
bellion;  in  1861  joined  the  Missouri  Volunteers  as 
Chaplain;  in  1862  had  command  of  a  battery  of  Artil 
lery  as  Captain;  was  soon  afterwards  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel  of  Infantry;  in  18.53  was  appointed  a 
Brigadier-General  of  United  States  Volunteers;  was 
in  the  Missouri  campaign  under  General  Lyon;  was 
with  Generals  Grant  and  Halleck  at  Corinth;  was 
also  at  Vicksburg  and  near  Mobile,  and  his  command 
was  the  first  to  break  the  enemy's  line  at  the  capture 
of  Fort  Blakely;  in  186(5  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Missouri  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Union  Prisoners  and  Military 
Affairs,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department;  in  1869  was 
appointed  Governor  of  New  Mexico;  in  1871  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  Resident  to  Venezuela. 

Pillsbury,  John  S.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire,  m  1827;  received  a  good  education;  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  in  1854  removed  to  Minnesota 
and  settled  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony;  engaged  in 
business  as  a  hardware  merchant;  was,  for  twelve 
years,  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  State  Senate-  in 
1864  was  President  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the 
State  University  of  Minnesota;  in  1877  was  elected 
Governor  of  Minnesota,  and  in  1880  was  re-elected 
serving  until  January,  1884. 

Pilsbury,   Timothy;    was  born  in  Newbury 

Massachusetts,  April  12,  1789;  received   a  common 

school  education;  spent  two  years  as  a  clerk  in  a 

store,  and  several  subsequent  years  as  a  sailor  and 

sting  trader,  making  one  trip  to  Europe  as  captain 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS 


of  a  brig;  settled  in  Maine;  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council;  also  served  in  the  State 
Legislature;   went  from  Maine   to   Ohio,  thence  to 
Louisiana,  and  finally  to  Texas;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  o 
Texas,  and,  when  that  Eepublic  came  into  the  Union 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  184d 
to  1849.     Died  near  Danville,  Texas,  November  23, 
1858. 

Pinckney,  Charles;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  1758;  was  a  patriot  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  struggle:  was  taken  prisoner,  and  sent  to  St. 
Augustine,  Florida;  served  in  the  Provincial  Legis 
lature;  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  in 
1785;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Princeton 
College  in  1787;  in  the  same  year  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was  Pres 
ident  of  the  State  Convention  which  ratified  the  Fed 
eral  Constitution;  was  Governor  of  South  Carolina 
from  1789  to  1792,  and  from  1796  to  1798;  was  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  1798  to  1801 ;  in  1801  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Minister  to  Spain, 
holding  that  position  until  1805;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1810  and  1812;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1819  to  1821.  Died  October  2». 
1824. 

Pinckney,  Charles  Cotes-worth ;  was  born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  February  525,  1746;  was 
educated  at  Westminster  and  Oxford,  England;  read 
aw  at  the  Temple,  London,  and  passed  nine  months 
n  the   Royal  Military  Academy,   Caen,  France;  in 
i769  established  himself  in  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
ina,  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Provincial  Congress  of  South  Carolina  in   1775; 
was  a  Captain,  and  soon  after  Colonel  of  the  First 
South  Carolina   Regiment;    after  the  successful  de 
fense  of  Fort  Moultrie,  joined  the  Northern  army, 
and  was  an  Aid  to  Washington  at  Brandywine  and 
Jermantown;  in  1778  took  part  in  the  expedition  to 
^lorida;  in  1779  was  President  oi  i  he  South  Carolina 
Senate;  defended  Charleston  against  General  Provost ; 
listinguished  himself  during  the  invasion  of  Georgia 
and  Savannah;  was   made  prisoner  in  1780  at  the 
surrender  of  Charleston;  after  the  war  resumed  the 
>ractice  of  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which   framed    the   Federal  Constitution;    declined 
uccessively  the  positions  of  Judge  of  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  Secretary  of  War,  and  Secretary  of 
State,  tendered  him  by  President  Washington;  was 
Major-General  of  State  Militia;   in   1796  was  Min 
ster  to  France;  was  ordered  to  quit  the  French  Ter- 
itory   by  the    French    Directory,   who  would    not 
eceive  conciliatory  propositions  from  the    United 
States;  withdrew  to  Amsterdam  in  1797;  on  his  re- 
nrn  home  was  made  Major-General ;  WJT*  a  candidate 
or  the  Vice-Presidency  in  1800;  wTas  the  author  ol 
he  famous  sentiment:  "Millions  for  defense,   but 
not  one  cent  for  tribute."     Died  in  Charleston,  Aug 
ust  16,  1825. 

Pinckney,    Henry    Laurens ;    was  born    in 

Charleston,   South    Carolina,    September    24,   1794; 

;raduated  at  the  South   Carolina  College  in  1812; 

tudied  law   with    his    brother-in-law,    Robert    Y. 

layne;  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  from  1816  to  1832;  was  Mayor  of 
Charleston  in  1832,  and  in  1839  and  1840;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from 
1833  to  1837;  was  subsequently  Collector  of  the  Port, 
and  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  editor  of  the 
Charleston  Mercury  in  1819;  was  a  prominent  leader 
in  the  State  Rights  party;  was  the  author  of  "  Me 


moirs  of  Jonathan  Maxey,"  "Robert  Y.  Hayne," 
and  "Andrew  Jackson";  was  the  son  of  Governor 
Charles  Pinckney.  Died  in  Charleston,  February  3r 
1863. 

Pinckney,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  October  23,  1750;  was  educated  in 
England  with  his  brother  Charles;  studied  law  in  the 
Temple,  London,  England;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1770;  joining  the  Continental  Army,  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Major;  served  as  Aid  to  General  Lincoln,  and 
afterwards  to  Count  D'Estaing,  at  the  siege  of  Sa 
vannah  in  1779;  distinguished  himself  in  the  battle 
at  Stone  Ferry;  was  Aid  to  General  Gates,  at  Cam- 
den,  in  1780;  during  1'resident  Washington's  admin 
istration,  was  offered  the  position  of  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court,  which  he  declined;  was  Gover 
nor  of  South  Carolina  from  1787  to  1789;  was  Min 
ister  to  Great  Brjtain  from  1792  to  1794;  in  the  latter 
year  went  on  a  mission  to  Spain,  where  he  made  the 
treaty  of  St.  Ildefonso,  securing  to  the  United  State* 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi;  in  1796  re 
turned  to  Charleston;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1799  to  1801;  in  1812  President 
Madison  appointed  him  to  the  command  of  the  Sixth 
Military  District;  his  last  field  service  was  at  the 
battle  of  Horse-Shoe  Bend,  where  the  power  of  the 
Creek  Indians  was  broken.  Died  in  Charleston,  No 
vember  2,  1828. 

Pindall,  James ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1817 
to  1820,  when  he  resigned. 

Pindar,  John  S.;  was  born  at  Sharon,  Scho- 
harie  County,  New  York,  November  18,  1835;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  the  county,  and 
at  Richmond ville  Seminary;  in  1854  went  to  Chi 
cago,  Illinois,  and  became  a  clerk  in  a  store,  remain 
ing  there  four  years;  then  went  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
for  one  year,  and  to  La  Porte,  Indiana,  for  one  year, 
after  which  he  resumed  his  residence  in  Schoharie 
County,  New  York ;  in  1862  commenced  the  study  of 
law  at  Lawyersville,  Schoharie  County;  in  May, 
1865,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  attorney  and 
counselor  at  law;  in  1868  was  elected  the  first  Police 
Justice  of  the  village  of  Cobleskill,  New  York,  serv 
ing  two  years;  in  1872  was  elected  Trustee  of  the 
village,  in  whic'.i  position  he  continued  to  serve  until 
January,  1882,  when  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
village;  was,  annually,  twice  re-elected ;  in  1879  wa* 
elected  President  of  the  Schoharie  Union  Anti-Horse- 
Thief  Society,  and  was  annually  re-elected;  in  1875- 
was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  County  Com 
mittee,  in  which  position  he  continued  by  annual  re- 
elections;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Pingree,  Samuel  Everett ;  was  born  at  Salis- 
mry.  New  Hampshire,  August  2,   1832;  received  a, 
Common  school  and  academic  education,  as  a  pre- 
iminary,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College,  in. 
the  class  of  1857;  immediately   after  graduation  be- 
the  study  of  law  with  his  cousin  at  Bethel,  Ver 
mont;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Windsor  County, 
Vermont,  in  December,  1859,  and  at  once  entered  upon 
he  practice  of  law  at  Hartford,  Vermont;  in  1861  en- 
isted  in  Company  F,  Third  Regiment  Vermont  Vol 
unteers,  and  was  elected  First  Lieutenant;  served  in 
he   Army  of  the   Potomac  until  his  regiment  wa» 
mustered  out  of  service  in  1864,  and  was  successively 
)romoted   Captain,  Major,   and   Lieutenant-Colonel;, 
after  being  commissioned  a  field  officer,  was  much  of 
;he  time  in  command  of  a  regiment,  by  special  as 
signment;  during  a  part  of  the  winter  of  186:5-64,  was- 
n  command  of  the  famous  First  Vermont  Brigade; 


396 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


was  severely  wounded  before  Yorktown,  Virginia;  at 
the  close  of  his  service  in  the  field,  was  commissioned 
to  raise  a  regiment  for  the  protection  of  the  Northern 
border  of  Vermont  against  invasion  by  Confederate 
refugees  in  Canada,  at  the  time  of  the  "  St.  Albans 
Raid,"  and  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  regi 
ment;  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Hartford,  Vermont;  was 
twice  elected  State's  Attorney  for  Windsor  County, 
1  Vermont;  in  1882  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Vermont,  serving  two  years;  in  1884  was  elected 
Governor  of  Vermont  for  a  term  of  two  years;  in 
1886  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Rail 
road  Commissioners  of  Vermont. 

Pinkney,  William ;  was  born  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  March  17,  1764;  prepared  himself  for  the 
bar,  under  the  instruction  of  Judge  Chase;  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1786,  and  immediately  gave 
promise  of  distinction;  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution;  from 
1789  to  1792  was  a  Representative  in  Congress;  was 
then  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council,  and  made 
its  President;  in  1795  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1796  was  a  Commissioner  under  Jay's 
Treaty,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Gore,  and  remained 
in  London  eight  years;  recovered,  for  Maryland,  a 
claim  on  the  Bank  of  England  for  $800,000;  in  1806 
was  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  England,  and  in  1808, 
on  the  return  of  Mr.  Monroe,  was  made  Minister 
Plenipotentiary:  returned  to  the  United  States,  and 
settled  in  Baltimore  in  1811;  was  soon  after  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate;  in  December,  1811,  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General,  and  remained  in  that 
position  until  1814;  commanded  a  battalion  of  rifle 
men,  and  was  wounded  at  Bladensburg,  Maryland, 
in  August,  1814;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  1815  and  1816;  was  then  made  Minister  to  Russia 
and  Envoy  to  Naples;  on  his  return,  in  1819,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  and 
continued  in  that  station  until  his  death,  February 
25,  1822.  He  possessed  splendid  talents,  and  was  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  oiators  and  statesmen  of 
his  time. 

Pinney,  Daniel  H.;  was  born  at  Albion,  New 
York,  June  2,  1837;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1856;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861,  and  engaged  in  practice; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1876  and  1877;  in  1883  was  appointed  Associate  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Arizona. 

Piper,  William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1811  to  1813. 

Piper,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1825;  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Mexican  War,  volunteered  in  the  military  service  and 
acquitted  himself  with  credit  as  a  soldier;  removed 
to  California  in  1849,  while  it  was  yet  a  Territory, 
and  settled  in  San  Francisco;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  California  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Pirce,  William  A.;  was  born  at  Scituate,  Rhode 
Island,  February  29,  1824;  attended  district  schools, 
and  worked  in  the  mills  and  on  the  farm,  alternately, 
until  eighteen  years  old;  then  attended  the  Smith- 
field  Seminary  for  nine  months;  after  that  taught 
school  for  about  a  year;  was  then  employed  to  take 
charge  of  the  Simmonsville  factory  store,  buying  and 
selling  goods  and  keeping  the  books;  in  1854  com 
menced  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  on  his  own 
account,  and  continued  in  the  business  until  1863;  in 
1855  was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1858,  and  again 


in  1862,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Rhode 
Island  Legislature;  in  1862  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Second  District  of  Rhode  Island,  which  position  he 
held  until  the  office  was  abolished  in  May,  1873; 
then  devoted  his  attention  to  farming,  interspersed 
with  political  and  official  duties;  in  1879  was 
again  elected  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880  and 
1881;  in  1882  was  again  elected  State  Senator;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Rhode  Island  Delegation  to  the  Re 
publican  National  Convention  in  1880,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Republican  National  Committee  in  1880 
and  1884;  was  a  member  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee  for  twenty-two  years,  and  its  Chairman 
for  fourteen  years;  in  the  District  Convention  of 
1880,  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  the  Forty-seventh 
Congress,  he  had  a  plurality  of  votes  until  the  sixty- 
eighth  ballot,  when  he  withdrew  his  name  and  nomin 
ated  the  successful  candidate;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Pitcher,  Nathaniel;  was  born  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  in  1806,  1815,  1816,  and  1817;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1821; 
in  1828  was  Lieutenant-Governor  and  Acting  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State;  was  subsequently  Commissioner  to 
survey  the  State  roads;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1819  to  1823,  and  again 
from  1831  to  1833. 

Pitkin,  Timothy;  was  born  at  Farmington, 
Connecticut,  in  1765;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1785;  was,  for  several  years,  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  during  five 
sessions;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1805  to  1819;  in  1810  published  a  "Statistical 
View  of  the  Commerce  of  the  United  States,"  and 
in  1828  his  "  Political  and  Civil  History  of  the  United 
States  from  1763  to  the  Close  of  Washington's  Ad 
ministration."  Died  in  New  Haven,  December  18. 
1847. 

Pitkin,  William ;  was  a  native  of  Connecticut; 
was  a  member  of  the  Council  in  1734;  was  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  State  Court  in  1741 ;  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  and  Chief  Justice  from  1754  to  1766;  in 
1754  was  one  of  the  Delegates  to  the  Convention  at 
Albany,  and  was  one  of  the  Committee  appointed  to 
prepare  the  plan  of  Union,  which  was  adopted; 
was  Governor  of  Connecticut  from  1766  to  176i). 
Died  in  East  Hartford,  Connecticut,  October  1, 
1769. 

Pitman,  Charles  W.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1849  to  1851. 

Pitman,  John;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island  in 
1784;  was,  for  forty  years,  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  in  that  State.  Died  in  Providence, 
November  17,  1864. 

Plaisted,  Harris  M.;  was  born  in  Jefferson, 
New  Hampshire,  November  2,  1828;  after  his  boy 
hood  he  worked  upon  his  father's  farm  and  taught 
school  until  1849;  graduated  at  the  Waterville  Col 
lege  in  Maine,  in  1853;  afterwards  was  again  con 
nected  with  schools;  graduated  at  the  Albany  Law 
School  in  185.">;  cam«  to  the  bar  in  1856,  residing  in 
Maine;  in  1861  entered  the  Volunteer  service  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel;  as  Co'ouel  participated  in  all 
the  battles  between  Yorktown  and  Malvern  Hill; 
commanded  a  brigade  at  Charleston ;  was  with  Gen 
eral  Grant  before  Richmond ;  became  a  Major-General 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


by  brevet;   served  two  years  in  the  New  Hampshire 
Legislature;    was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Re 
publican  Convention  of  1868;  was  Attorney-General 
for  Maine  from  1873  to  1875;  was  elected  a  Repre- 
i  sentative  from  that  State  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con- 
!  gress,  to   fill  the  vacancy  caused   by   the  death   of 
i  Samuel  F.  Hersey ;  was  Governor  of  Maine  from  1881 
to  1883. 

Plant,  David ;  was  a  native  of  Stratford,  Cor 
necticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1804;  in  181U 
and  1820  was  Speaker  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives;  in  1821  a  member  of  the  State  Senate; 
was  twice  re-elected;  from  1823  to  1827  was  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor  of  the  State;  from  1827  to  1829  was  a- 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut.  Died 
October  18,  1851. 

Plants,  Tobias  A.;  was  born  in  Beaver  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  17,  1811;  was  self-educated; 
taught  school  for  several  years;  studied  law  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  practiced  the  profession  of  the  law 
in  Ohio ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  from 
1858  to  1861;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Public  Expenditures,  on  Mileage, 
and  War  Debts  <  f  the  Loyal  States;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  "  Philadelphia  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress. 

Plater,  George;  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1736; 
graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1753; 
studied  law;  was  Judge  of  the  Maryland  Court  of 
Appeals;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  1778  to  1781 ;  was  President  of  the  Con 
vention  which  ratified  the  Federal  Constitution;  was 
Governor  of  Maryland  in  1792.  Died  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland,  February  10,  1792. 

Plater,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1801  to  1805. 

Platt,  James  H.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Canada,  of 
American  parents,  July  13,  1837;  was  reared  in  Bur 
lington,  Vermont;  studied  medicine;  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  Vermont  University 
in  1859;  in  1861  raised  two  companies  for  the  army, 
and  entered  the  service  as  Captain  in  the  Fourth 
Regiment  Vermont  Volunteers;  was  in  all  the  battles 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  for  gallant  conduct  at 
Fredericksburg,  in  1862,  was  tendered  a  position  on 
the  Staff  of  Major-General  Smith;  continued  as  Aid 
and  Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Sixth  Corps  until 
after  the  death  of  Major-General  Sedgwick ;  was  taken 
prisoner  in  1864;  settled  in  Petersburg,  Virginia,  in 
1865;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Virginia  in  1867;  served  in  the  City 
Council  of  Petersburg;  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Education  for  that  city;  was  a  Director  of  the 
Richmond  and  Petersburg  Railroad;  was  President  of 
the  People's  Savings  Bank  of  Petersburg;  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Af 
fairs,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds. 

Platt,  Jonas  ;  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1799  to  1801.  Died  in  Peru,  Clinton 
County,  New  York,  in  1834. 

Platt,  Orville  H. ;  was  born  at  Washington,  Con 
necticut,  July  19,  1827;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849, 
and  commenced  practice  at  Meriden,  Connecticut: 
was  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate  in  1855  and  1856;  was 
Secretary  of  the  State  in  1857;  was  a  State  Senator 


in  1861  and  1862;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  18G4  and  1869,  serving  the  latter  year  as 
Speaker;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Connecticut  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for  a  second 
term,  ending  March  3,  1891. 

Platt,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  Owego,  New- 
York,  July  15,  1833;  received  an  academic  education 
in  Owego;  was  a  member  of  Yale  College,  but  with 
drew  on  account  of  ill-health ;  followed  mercantile  busi 
ness  ;  was  President  of  the  Tioga  National  Bank,  and 
engaged  in  lumbering  in  Michigan;  was  Clerk  of  the 
County  of  Tioga  in  1859,  I860,  and  1861;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Roads;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from  New 
York  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1881 ; 
resigned  in  June,  1881. 

Platt,  Zephaniah ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
York  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to 
1786. 

Pleasanton,  Stephen;  was  born  in  Delaware; 
in  1817  was  appointed  Fifth  Auditor  in  the  Treasury 
Department,  and  held  the  office  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Washington  in  1855. 

Pleasants,  James;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1769;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1811  to 
1819;  was  United  States  Senator  from  3819  to  1822; 
was  Governor  of  Virginia  from  1822  to  1825;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  of  1829  and  1830  for 
Amending  the  State  Constitution;  was  twice  ap 
pointed  to  the  bench,  but  declined,  from  a  distrust  of 
his  own  qualifications;  was  a  man  of  rare  modesty, 
greatly  respected  and  esteemed  for  public  and  private 
virtues.  Died  in  Goochland  County,  November  9, 
1836. 

Plumb,  Preston  B.;  was  born  in  Delaware 
County,  Ohio,  October  12,  1837;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  became  a  printer;  in  1856  removed 
to  Kansas;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1859;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  in  1862;  sub 
sequently  Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State; 
later  in  that  year  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  Lieu 
tenant,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel ;  was  again  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1867  and  1868,  serv 
ing  as  Speaker  in  1867;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Kansas  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1877;  in  1881  was  re-elected  for  an 
other  term. 

Plumb,  Ralph  ;  was  born  at  Busti,  Chautauqua 
County.  New  York,  March  29,  1816;  at  the  age  of 
four  years  was  taken,  by  his  parents,  to  Ohio,  set 
tling  at  Hartford.  Trumbnll  County;  his  boyhood 
was  passed  in  the  trials  and  privations  incident  to  a 
life  of  poverty  in  a  new  country;  his  education  was 
gleaned  at  the  country  schools  and  ceased  when,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  he  became  a  clerk  in  a  country 
store,  in  which  position  he  remained  for  seven  years; 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one  joined  his  brother  in  a  mer 
cantile  enterprise  in  Ashtabula  County,  in  which  he 
remained  for  years,  then  returning  to  his  former  em 
ployer  as  manager  and  serving  as  such  for  two  years; 
at  the  expiration  of  this  period  became  a  partner  in 
the  business  and  so  continued  for  twelve  years;  on 
leaving  this  business  he  was,  in  1854,  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  and  served  three 
sessions;  during  this  period  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and,  at  its  close,  entered  upon  the 


898 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


practice  of  the  law  at  Oberlin,  Ohio;  in  1859,  while 
residing  here,  he.  with  a  number  of  others,  was  in 
dicted  for  violating  the  fugitive  slave  law,  and  was 
imprisoned  in  the  jail  of  Cuyahoga  County  for  eighty- 
four  days,  when  the  force  of  public  opinion  caused 
the  District  Attorney  to  enter  nolle  prosequis  in  all  the 
cases;  in  1861  accepted  the  tender  of  a  commission  as 
Captain  and  Assistant  Quartermaster  of  Volunteers 
in  the  Union  Army,  and  was  ordered  to  duty  on  the 
'  staff  of  General  James  A.  Garfield;  after  two  years  of 
field  service,  was  ordered  on  duty  at  Camp  Denison, 
Ohio,  because  of  disability,  and  remained  there 
until  the  close  of  the  war:  was  then  bre vetted  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  for  long  and  meritorious  service;  in 
1866  removed  to  Illinois,  and,  in  company  with  a 
number  of  capitalists,  purchased  several  thousand 
acres  of  "wild"  coal  lands;  as  Managing  Director 
and  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Syndicate,  he  de 
veloped  the  lands,  founded  the  town  of  Streator,  and 
aided  in  the  building  of  railroads  which  now  furnish 
rapid  communication  in  all  directions;  in  1882  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Streator  without  an  opposing  vote, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until  May,  1885;  in  1884 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress;  he  took  a  great  interest  in  the 
education  of  the  masses,  and  erected  in  Streator  at 
his  own  expense,  and  presented  to  the  city,  a  high 
Bchool  building  costing  forty  thousand  dollars. 

Plumer,  Arnold;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843;  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Western  Dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania. 

Plumer,  George  ;  was  born  in  Allegheny  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821  to  1827. 

Plumer,  William ;  was  born  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  June  25,  1759;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1787;  was,  for  many  years.  Solicitor  for  the  County 
oi  Rockingham;  was,  for  eight  years,  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  two  years  Speaker  of  the 
House;  served  as  a  member  and  President  of  the 
State  Senate;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1802 
to  1807;  was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1813 
and  from  1816  to  1819.  Died  at  Epping,  New 
Hampshire,  December  27,  1850. 

Plumer,  William;  was  born  at  Epping.  New 
Hampshire,  in  1790;  graduated  at  the  Cambridge 
University  in  1809;  studied  law,  but  never  practiced 
the  profession;  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1819  to  1825;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1820;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
to  form  a  new  State  Constitution  in  1850.  Died 
September  18,  1854.  Was  the  son  and  namesake  of 
William  Plnmer,  who  was  a  United  States  Senator 
in  1802. 

Plummer,  Franklin  E.;  was  at  one  time  a 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Mississippi;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1831  to  1835.  Died  at  Jackson,  Mississippi  Sep 
tember  24,  1852. 

Poehler,  Henry;  was  born  at  Lippe-Detmold 
Germany,  August  22,  1833;  received  a  common 
school  education;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 

148,  and  settled  in  Iowa;  in  1853  removed  to  Min 
nesota;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  first  Legislature  of  Minne 
sota  after  its  admission  as  a  State,  in  1857  and  1858 


and  again  in  1865;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1872  and 
1873,  and  in  1876  and  1877;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

Poindexter,  George;  was  born  in  London 
County,  Virginia,  in  1779;  studied  law;  in  1802  re 
moved  to  the  Territory  of  Mississippi,  where  he  was 
made  Attorney-General;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  the  Territory  from  1807  to  1813,  when  he  was 
appointed  Federal  Judge  of  the  Territory;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1817  to  1819;  was  the 
second  Governor  of  Mississippi  under  the  State  Con 
stitution,  from  1819  to  1821;  was  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Mississippi  from  1830  to  1835,  serving  for 
a  time  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate;  lived  for  a 
time  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  but  returned  to  Missis 
sippi;  published  a  Revised  Code  of  the  Laws  of  that 
State:  killed  a  merchant  named  Abij ah  Hunt  in  a  duel; 
was  noted  for  his  ability  and  bitter  partisanship. 
Died  in  Jackson,  Mississippi,  September  5,  1853. 

Poinsett,  Joel  B.;  was  born  in  Statesburg, 
South  Carolina,  in  1779;  spent  the  most  of  his  youth 
in  traveling  in  foreign  countries;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina,  from  1821  to 
1825;  was  appointed,  by  President  John  Quincy 
Adams,  United  States  Minister  to  Mexico;  was  Sec 
retary  of  War  under  President  Van  Buren;  from  1840 
until  his  death  he  lived  in  retirement;  he  was  a  man 
of  letters,  and  among  other  things  wrote  an  interest 
ing  book  on  Mexico.  Died  in  Statesburg,  South 
Carolina,  December  14,  1851. 

Poland,  Luke  P.;  was  born  in  Westford,  Chit- 
tenden  County,  Vermont,  November  1, 1815;  received 
a  good  common  school  and  academic  education;  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  when  eighteen  years  of  age. 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836;  was  Register  of 
Probate  for  Lamoille  County,  Vermont,  in  1839  and 
1840  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1843;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  La 
moille  County  in  1844  and  1845;  in  1848  was  elected, 
by  the  Legislature,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold 
by  annual  elections  until  November,  1865,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  United  States 
Senate  caused  by  the  death  of  Jacob  Collamer,  whose 
term  would  have  expired  in  1867;  just  before  his  ap 
pointment  to  the  Senate  had  been  re-elected  to  the 
Supreme  Bench,  upon  whir1'  he  held  the  position  of 
Chief  Justice,  to  which  he  was  promoted  in  18(>0; 
the  committees  upon  which  he  served  in  the  Senate 
were  those  on  the  Judiciary,  and  Patents  and  the 
Patent  Office;  his  appointment  to  the  Senate  was 
confirmed  by  the  Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
subsequently  elected  a  Representative  from  Vermont 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Elections,  as  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu 
tion,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Revision 
of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States,  and  Unfinished 
Business;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty- 
second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committees  on  the  Revision  of  Laws  and 
the  Affairs  of  Arkansas,  in  1874  and  1875;  was  also 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Polk,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Dela 
ware,  in  1787;  served  in  the  State  Senate;  was  Regis 
ter  of  Wills  for  a  long  time;  was  Collector  of  Customs ; 
was  twice  Governor  of  the  State,  once  by  election, 
and  once  by  substitution  as  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 
Died  October  28,  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Polk,  James  Knox ;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg 
County,  North  Carolina,  November  2,  1795 ;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Tennessee  in  1806,  and  lived  in 
the  valley  of  Duck  River,  a  branch  of  the  Cumber 
land;  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
in  1815;  studied  law  in  Tennessee  with  Felix  Grundy, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820;  was  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Congress  from 
Tennessee  from  1825  to  1839,  and  was  Speaker  in  that 
body  from  1835  to  1837;  in  1839  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Tennessee  for  two  years;  in  December,  1844, 
the  Electors  chose  him  President  of  the  United 
States;  during  his  eventful  administration  the  Ore 
gon  question  was  settled,  Texas  was  annexed,  war 
with  Mexico  was  declared,  and  New  Mexico  and  Cali 
fornia  were  acquired.  Died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
June  15,  1849. 

Polk,  Trusten;  was  born  in  Sussex  County,  Del 
aware,  May  29,  1811;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1831 ;  studied  law  at  the  Yale  Law  School ;  in  1835 
emigrated  to  Missouri,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession;  in  1845,  while  absent  from 
Missouri  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Convention  called  to  remodel  the  State 
Constitution;  in  1848  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1856  was  elected  Governor  of  Missouri,  and  inaug 
urated  January,  1857,  but  soon  resigned  for  a  seat  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  to  which  he  was  elected 
1'or  a  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1857;  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and 
on  Claims;  was  expelled  for  disloyalty,  January  10, 
1862. 

Polk,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Manry  County, 
Tennessee,  May  24,  1815;  was  educated  at  Chapel 
Hill,  North  Carolina,  and  the  University  of  Tennes 
see;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1839;  in  1841  and  1843  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Tyler,  Charge  a' Affaires  to  Naples,  where  he  ne 
gotiated  a  treaty  with  the  Two  Sicilies;  served  in  the 
Mexican  War  as  a  Major  of  Dragoons;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Nashville  Convention  in  1850;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1851  to 
1853;  was  a  brother  of  President  Polk;  was  opposed 
to  the  great  Rebellion.  Died  at  Nashville,  December 
16,  1862. 

Pollard,  Henry  M.;  was  bom  at  Plymouth, 
Vermont,  June  14,  1836;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1857; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion;  in  1865  removed  to  Chillicothe,  Missouri, 
and  practiced  law;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress  as  a  Representative  from  Missouri. 

Pollard,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Albemarle  Coun 
ty,  Virginia;  was  well  educated  and  fond  of  military 
studies;  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Chili  from  1834  to 
1842.  Died  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
February  19,  1851. 

Pollock,  James ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1831 ;  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1843  to  1849; 
was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1855  to  1858; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861;  in 
that  year  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Di 
rector  of  the  United  States  Mint  in  Philadelphia, 
serving  as  such  until  1867. 

Polsley,  Daniel ;  was  born  near  Fairmont,  Mar 
ion  County,  Virginia,  November  28,  1803;  received  a 
limited  education;  passed  his  boyhood  on  a  farm; 


studied  law  with  Philip  Doddridge  and  Henry  St. 
George  Tucker,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1827;  practiced 
the  profession  until  1845,  when  he  retired  to  a  farm 
and  devoted  himself  to  agriculture  until  1861;  was  a 
member  of  the  May  and  June  Conventions  of  that 
year,  held  in  Wheeling,  for  re-organizing  the  govern 
ment  of  Virginia;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  State,  which  position  he  held  until  West  Virginia 
was  admitted  into  the  Union;  was  subsequently 
elected  Judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit  for  six 
years;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  West 
Virginia  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  Invalid 
Pensions. 

Ppmeroy,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Meriden,  Con 
necticut,  September  8,  1825;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  worked,  with  his  father,  as  a  tin 
smith,  for  several  years,  and  then  carried  on  business 
in  his  own  name;  removed  to  Iowa  in  18.~>5;  there 
studied  law.  and  settled  in  the  village  of  Fort  Dodge; 
became  President  of  the  National  Bank  at  that  place; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Terri 
tories,  and  Mines  and  Mining. 

Pomeroy,  Samuel  C.;  was  born  in  Southamp 
ton,  Massachusetts,  January  3.  1816;  passed  his  boy 
hood  on  his  father's  farm;  after  receiving  an  academic 
education,  entered  Amherst  College  in  1836;  spent 
four  years  in  New  York;  returned  to  his  native  town 
and  held  various  local  offices;  was  elected  to  the  Leg 
islature  of  Massachusetts  in  1852;  in  1854  was  en 
gaged  in  organizing  the  New  England  Emigrant  Aid 
Society,  and  became  its  financial  agent;  removed  to 
Kansas  in  the  same  year,  and  participated  in  its 
affairs;  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Defense 
Committee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Pittsburgh  and 
Philadelphia  Conventions  of  1856,  and  also  to  that  of 
Chicago  in  1860;  during  the  famine  in  Kansas,  was 
Chairman  of  the  Relief  Committee;  in  1861  took  his 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  from  Kansas,  for  six 
years,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Claims, 
Territories,  Manufactures,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands;  in  January,  1867,  was 
re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1873; 
subsequently  settled  in  Washington  City,  where  an 
attempt  to  assassinate  him  was  made  by  Martin  F. 
Conway,  with  whom  he  had  a  long  and  bitter  politi 
cal  quarrel. 

Pomeroy,  Theodore  M.;  was  born  in  Cayugu, 
New  York,  December  31,  1824;  graduated  at  Hamil 
ton  College;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was 
District  Attorney  for  Cayuga  County  from  1850  to 
1856;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1857; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Qommittees  on  Banking  and  Currency, 
and  Unfinished  Business;  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  and  made  Chairman  of  tile  Com 
mittee  on  Banking  and  Currency;  was  subsequently 
a  Director  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Auburn, 
New  York. 

Pond,  Benjamin ;  served  four  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York,  from  Essex  County;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1811  to 
1813;  was  re-elected.  Died  in  June,  1815,  at  his 
residence  in  Schroon,  Essex  County,  New  York. 


400 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Pond,  C.  H.;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Connecticut  in  1853;  was  subsequently  Acting 
Governor  ol'  the  State  for  almost  one  year. 

Ponder,  James ;  was  born  in  Milton,  Sussex 
County,  Delaware,  October  31,  1819;  received  an 
academic  education ;  engaged  in  mercantile  business ; 
in  1856  was  elected  a  Eepresentative  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1864  was  elected  State  Senator,  and 
'in  1867  became  Speaker  of  that  body;  in  1870  was 
elected  Governor  of  Delaware  for  the  term  ending  in 
1875. 

Pool,  John ;  was  born  in  Pasquotank  County, 
North  Carolina,  June  16,  1826;  graduated  at  the 
State  University  in  1847;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  before  the  close  of  that  year;  was  elected  to 
the  State  .Senate  in  1856  and  1858;  remained  in 
private  life  during  the  Rebellion,  until  1864,  when  he 
was  again  chosen  to  the  State  Senate,  as  a  Peace  can 
didate;  took  a  leading  part  in  the  movements  for 
peace ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  186."),  and  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate; 
in  1865  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina,  but  was  not  admitted;  in  1868  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  position,  for  the  term  ending 
in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  Revision  of  the  United  States  Laws,  and  In 
dian  Affairs. 

Pool,  Walter  F.;  was  born  near  Elizabeth  City, 
North  Carolina,  November  10,  1850 ;  was  a  student  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  for  three  years; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873; 
rapidly  rose  to  eminence  in  his  profession;  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress.  Died  at  Elizabeth  City, 
August  25,  1883,  without  having  occupied  the  seat  to 
which  he  had  been  elected. 

Pope,  John  ;  was  born  in  Prince  William  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  in  1770;  having  lost  one  arm  by  acci 
dent,  determined  to  study  law;  carried  out  his  de 
termination;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  attained 
eminence  in  the  profession;  removed  to  Kentucky; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Legislature;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1801;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1807  to  1813,  officiating, 
for  a  time,  as  President  ^ro  tern,  of  that  body;  in  1821) 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Arkansas; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843. 
Died  in  Kentucky,  July  12,  1845. 

Pope,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Louisville,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1784;  was  educated  at  Transylvania  Uni 
versity  ;  studied  the  French  language ;  emigrated  to  Up 
per  Louisiana  in  1804;  practiced  law  in  St.  Genevieve, 
Missouri,  until  1809;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Territory  of  Illinois  in  1809,  and  removed  there;  was 
elected  Delegate  to  Congress  in  1817;  in  1818,  when 
Illinois  was  admitted  as  a  State,  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Judge,  and  held  that  office  un 
til  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Illinois  in  1850. 

Pope,  Patrick  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1833  to  1835.  Died  at 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  in  May,  1841. 

Poppleton,  Barley  P.;  was  born  in  Richland 
County,  Ohio,  September  29,  1834;  was  educated  at 
the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University;  studied  law  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Elyria,  Ohio;  in  1861  removed  to 
Delaware,  Ohio;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1870  to 
fill  a  vacancy;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 


Porter,  Albert  G-.;  was.  born  in  Lawrenceburg, 
Indiana,  April  20,  1824;  graduated  at  the  Asbury 
University  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1845,  settling  at  Indianapolis;  in  1853 
was  appointed  Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Indiana,  publishing  five  volumes; 
served  two  terms  as  City  Attorney  of  Indianapolis; 
was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council;  in. 
1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Judiciary 
Committee;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  J udiciary, 
and  on  Manufactures;  in  March,  1878,  was  appointed 
First  Comptroller  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States;  in  1880  was  elected  Governor  of  Indiana  for 
four  years  from  January,  1881,  and  resigned  his  posi 
tion  as  Comptroller  to  assume  his  gubernatorial 
duties. 

Porter,  Alexander  J.;  was  born  near  Armagh, 
Ireland,  in  1786;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1801; 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  Nashville,  Tennes 
see;  having  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1807;  attained  high  rank  in  his  profession;  in  1810 
removed  to  St.  Martinsville,  Louisiana,  and  was  ac 
tive  in  forming  the  State  Constitution  in  1811 ;  be 
came  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in 
1821,  and  served  fifteen  years;  was  United  States 
Senator  from  1833  to  1837;  was  re-elected  in  1843, 
but  ill-health  prevented  him  from  taking  his  seat, 
and  he  died  at  Attakapas,  Louisiana,  January  13, 
1844. 

Porter,  Augustus  S.;  wasborninCanandaigua, 
New  York,  January  18,  1798;  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1818;  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  and 
practiced  for  twenty  years  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  of 
which  city  he  was  chosen  Mayor  in  1838;  was  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  from  Michigan  from  1840  to  1845; 
in  1848  removed  to  Niagara  Falls,  the  residence  of 
his  father;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Na 
tional  Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Porter,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Cairo,  New 
York;  received  an  academic  education;  was  a  stu 
dent  at  the  Law  University  of  Albany  in  1852;  prac 
ticed  law  in  Greene  County  until  1861,  when  he  en 
tered  the  army;  settled  at  Norfolk,  Virginia;  was 
Attorney  for  the  Commonwealth  from  1863  until 
1870,  and  Attorney  for  the  city  one  year;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Virginia  in 
1867  and  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

Porter,  David;  was  a  citizen  of  Maryland;  in 
1831  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Turkey;  in 
1839  became  Minister  Resident.  Died  at  his  post, 
March  3,  1843. 

Porter,  David  R.;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1788;  was  a  lawyer,  and  frequently, 
at  different  times,  was  a  member  of  each  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature;  was  extensively  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron  ;  was  Governor  of  Pennsyl 
vania  from  1839  to  1845;  his  election  in  1838,  in 
Philadelphia  County,  gave  rise  to  much  excitement 
at  the  State  Capitol,  known  as  the  "  Buckshot  War," 
growing  out  of  a  charge  of  irregularity  in  the  elec 
tion.  Died  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  August  6, 
1867. 

Porter,  George  B. ;  was  born  at  Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1790;  was  liberally  educated; 
idopted  the  profession  of  a  lawyer,  and  was  an  ac- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


401 


tive  business  man:  was  Governor  of  Michigan  Terri 
tory  from  1831  to  1834.  Died  in  Detroit,  July  6, 
1834. 

Porter,  Gilchrist;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri  from  1851 
to  1857. 

Porter,  James ;  was  born  in  Williamstown, 
Massachusetts;  was  the  son  of  an  eminent  physician; 
graduated  at  Williams  College;  removed  to  Skane- 
ateles,  New  York,  where  he  studied  law  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1814  and  1815;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1817 
to  1819;  after  leaving  Congress  was  appointed  Regis 
ter  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Albany.  He  was 
a  man  of  culture  and  high  character,  and  among  his 
most  intimate  friends  were  such  men  as  Henry  Clay 
and  Martin  Van  Buren. 

Porter,  James  Davis ;  was  born  at  Paris,  Ten 
nessee,  December  7,  1828;  was  educated  at  the  Acad 
emy  at  Paris  and  at  the  University  of  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  where  he  graduated  in  1846;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  1851;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Tennessee  Legislature;  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  throughout  the  Civil  Waras  Chief  of 
Staff  on  the  staff  of  General  Cheat  ham;  after  the  close 
of  the  war.  in  the  fall  of  1865,  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession ;  in  1870  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  Tennessee;  in 
the  summer  of  the  same  year  was  elected  Circuit 
,)  udge  for  the  Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Tennessee ; 
resigned  in  1874,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  was 
elected  Governor  of  Tennessee,  serving  until  1879;  in 
1880'  was  Chairman  of  the  Tennessee  delegation  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention ;  the  same  year 
was  elected  President  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad  Company;  was  four  times  re- 
elected;  in  March,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Cleveland,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State;  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Nashville, 
and  was  a  Trustee  of  that  institution ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Peabody  Fund;  was 
Vice-President  of  the  Tennessee  Historical  Society 
for  West  Tennessee;  was  a  Director  in  the  First  Na 
tional  Bank  of  Nashville,  and  in  the  Equitable  Fire 
Insurance  Company  of  Nashville  ;  was,  for  several 
years,  a  Director  in  the  Tennessee  Coal  and  Iron 
Company. 

Porter,  J.  DeForest ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
settled  in  Nebraska;  in  1872  was  appointed  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Arizona,  residing  in  Arizona  City. 

Porter,  James  Madison ;  was  born  in  Selma, 
Pennsylvania,  January  6,  1793;  was  educated -as  a 
lawyer;  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  War  of  1812; 
was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1838,  and  took  an  important  part  in 
the  revision  of  the  State  Constitution;  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  War,  by  President  Tyler  in  1843,  but 
the  nomination  was  rejected  by  the  Senate;  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  Lafayette  College  at  Easton, 
Pennsylvania,  and  for  twenty-five  years  President  of 
its  Board  of  Trustees;  was  President  Judge  of  the 
Twelfth  and  Twenty-second  Judicial  Districts  of 
Pennsylvania.  Died  at  Easton,  November  11,  1862. 

Porter,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  180o  to  1811,  having  first 
been  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Michael 
Leib,  resigned. 


Porter,  Peter  B.;  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Con 
necticut,  in  1773;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1791; 
completed  his  law  studies  at  Litchfield,  Connecticut; 
emigrated  to  Western  New  York;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1809  to  1813,  and 
from  1815  to  1816,  when  he  resigned;  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  he  reported  the 
resolutions  authorizing  immediate  and  active  prepara 
tions  for  war:  in  1813  was  made  Major-General  and 
Chief  in  command  of  the  State  troops;  in  1815received, 
from  President  Madison,  the  appointment  of  Com- 
mander-in-Chief  of  the  United  States  Army,  which 
he  declined;  soon  after  the  war  was  chosen  Secretary 
of  the  State  of  New  York;  in  1816  was  appointed 
Commissioner  under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent;  in  1828 
was  appointed,  by  President  Adams,  Secretary  of 
War.  Died  at  Niagara  Falls,  March  20,  1844,  uni 
versally  respected.  He  distinguished  himself  at 
Chippewa  and  at  Lundy's  Lane,  and  for  his  services 
received  a  gold  medal  from  Congress  and  a  sword 
from  the  State  of  New  York.  Was  the  father  of 
Augustus  S.  Porter. 

Porter,  Timothy  H.;  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Connecticut;  served  five  years  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  York;  also  served  five  years  in  the  State  Senate; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1825  to  1827. 

Porter,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1821;  graduated  at  La 
fayette  College  in  1839;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Philadelphia  in  1842;  was  Sheriff  of  that  city  in 
1843;  was  City  Solicitor  in  1856;  was  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  in  1858;  was  the  author  of  "Essay  on 
Law,  and  Sheriffs,"  1845;  "Life  of  Chief  Justice 
John  Gibson,"  1855;  also,  "Addresses." 

Porter,  "William  Wood ;  was  born  in  Orange 
County,  Virginia,  September  8,  1826;  removed  to 
Mississippi  in  his  youth ;  graduated  from  Centenary 
College,  Mississippi,  in  1845;  studied  law  at  Jackson, 
Mississippi,  for  two  years,  and  was  then  admitted  to 
practice  in  all  the  Courts  of  the  State;  entered  at 
once  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  Coahoma  County, 
Mississippi;  emigrated  to  California  in  1850;  in  1852 
was  elected  District  Attorney  of  San  Joaquin  County, 
California;  after  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  office, 
removed  to  Calaveras  County,  California;  in  1855 
was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  County  Judge  of 
Calaveras  County,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  1856  was 
elected  to  the  same  office  for  a  full  term  of  four 
years;  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War.  in  1861, 
returned  to  Virginia  and  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as  Aid  to  General  George  B.  Crittenden ;  served 
with  conspicuous  gallantry,  particularly  at  the 
battles  of  Mill  Springs,  Shiloh,  and  Raymond,  for 
his  part  in  each  of  which  he  received  honorable 
mention  in  the  report  of  his  commander;  was  selected 
by  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  as  a  member  of  his 
Staff  when  he  took  command  of  the  Army  of  the 
Southwest;  was  recommended,  by  General  Johnston, 
for  promotion ;  at  the  close  of  the  war,  went  to  his 
father's  home,  near  Jackson,  Mississippi ;  then 
traveled  in  Mexico  until  May,  1866,  when  the 
returned  to  Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  resumed  he 
practice  of  his  profession  there;  in  1872  returned  to 
California  and  settled  at  Santa  Rosa  in  the  practice 
of  law;  in  October.  1885,  was  appointed,  by  I 'resident 
Cleveland,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Posey,  Thomas ;  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the 
Potomac,  July  9.  1750;  received  a  plain  English  ed 
ucation;  removed  to  Western  Virginia  at  the  age  of 
nineteen;  was  Quartermaster  of  Lewis'  division  ot 


40:? 


BIOGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Lord  Dunmore's  army,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Pt. 
Pleasant  in  1774;  was  one  of  the  Committee  of  Cor 
respondence  in  1775;  was  Captain  of  the  Seventh 
Virginia  Continental  Regiment,  and  aided  in  defeat 
ing  Lord  Dunmore  at  Gwyn's  Island;  joined  Wash 
ington's  army  in  1777;  was  transferred  to  the  rifle 
regiment  of  Colonel  Morgan;  was  with  General  Gates 
at  Bemis  Heights  and  Stillwater;  took  command  of 
^his  regiment  in  1778  against  the  Indians;  in  1779 
'  commanded  a  battalion  under  Wayne,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  to  enter  the  enemy's  works  at  Stony 
Point;  was  at  the  surrender  of  Yorktown;  took  com 
mand  of  a  new  regiment  under  Wayne,  in  Georgia; 
in  1782,   when  surprised  by  the  Indians,   defeated 
them  with  great  loss;  from  1786  to  1793  was  County 
Lieutenant  of  Spottsylvania,  Virginia,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Brigadier-General;  was  a  State  Senator;  was 
Lieu  tenant-Governor  of  Virginia  for  four  years;  was 
Major-General  of   Kentucky    levees  in   1809;    was 
United  States  Senator  from  Louisiana  in  1812,  by 
appointment  of  the  Governor,  but  was  superseded 
by  the  appointment  of  J.  Brown  by  the  Legislature; 
was  Governor  of  Indian  Territory  from  1813  to  1816; 
was  agent  of  Indian  Affairs  in  1816,  which  position 
he  held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Shawnee- 
town,  Illinois,  March  19,  1818. 

Post,  George  A.;  was  born  at  Cuba,  New 
York.  September  1,  1854;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Dunkirk,  New  York,  in  1855.  and  to  Oswego,  New 
York,  in  1861;  received  an  academic  education;  re 
moved  to  Susquehanna,  Pennsylvania,  in  1873.  and 
entered  the  service  of  the  Erie  Railway  Company; 
was,  for  several  years,  Secretary  of  the  Motive  Power 
Department;  was  elected  Chief  Burgess  of  Susque- 
hanua  in  1877,  and  served  one  year;  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Post,  Jotham,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  graduate  of  Columbia  College;  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  for  four  years,  from  the  city 
of  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
his  native  State,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Post,  Morton  E.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
New  York,  December  25,  1840;  received  an  academic 
education;  removed  to  Colorado  in  I860,  and  in  1867 
to  that  portion  of  Dakota  now  Wyoming  Territory ; 
was  engaged  in  the  business  of  banking  and  stock- 
raising;  was  elected  County  Commissioner  in  1870, 
and  re-elected  in  1872;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Council  in  1878;  was  elected  the  Delegate 
from  Wyoming  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Poston,  Charles  D.;  was  born  in  Hardin  County, 
Kentucky,  April  20,  1825;  removed  to  California  in 
1850;  was  employed  in  the  Custom  House  at  San 
Francisco  for  four  years;  in  1854  went  to  Arizona  as 
the  pioneer  of  silver  mining  enterprises  in  that  Terri 
tory;  on  the  organization  of  a  Territorial  Government 
for  Arizona,  was.appointed  Superintendent  of  Indian 
Affairs  for  the  Territory;  at  the  first  election  held 
was  elected  the  Delegate  from  Arizona  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  taking  his  seat  at  the  second  session. 

Potter,  A.;  was  born  in  Saratoga  County,  New 
York,  October  2,  1818;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Michigan,  locating  at  Kalamazoo  in  1845;  received  a 
common  school  education;  commenced  business  as  a 
tinner  and  hardware  merchant;  served  one  term  in 
the  State  Legislature;  subsequently  turned  his  at 
tention  to  banking,  and  became  President  of  the 
National  Bank  of  Kalamazoo;  was  elected  President 


of  the  village  in  1859,  1863,  1870,  and  1872;  Presi 
dent  of  the  Local  Board  of  Education  in  1870  and 
1871;  was  President  of  the  Kalamazoo  and  South 
Haven  Railroad  Company;  was  defeated  for  Congress 
in  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Potter,  Clarkson  Nott;  was  born  in  Schenec- 
tady,  New  York,  in  1825;  graduated  at  Union  Col 
lege  (of  which  his  grandfather,  Rev.  Eliphalet  Nott, 
was  President,  and  his  father,  Bishop  Alonzo  Potter, 
was  Vice-President)  in  1842;  graduated  at  Rensselaer 
Institute,  as  a  Civil  Engineer,  in  1843;  was  a  surveyor 
in  Wisconsin;  studied  law  in  that  State,  and  after 
coming  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  New  York  City  in  1847;  while  engaged  in 
a  number  of  important  suits,  in  1868,  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  ( '<m- 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce  and 
other  important  Committees;  was  re-elected  to  the 
two  succeeding  Congresses,  during  which  time  he 
argued  important  cases  before  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-tilt  h 
Congress;  was  re-nominated,  but  declined  the  nomin 
ation.  Died  January  23,  1882. 

Potter,  Elisha  B.;  was  born  at  Little  Rest  (now 
Kingston),  Rhode  Island,  November  5,  1764;  when  a 
youth  served  as  a  soldier,  and  worked  in  a  blacksmith 
shop;  subsequently  studied  law;  in  1796  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  B.  Bourne,  resigned;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fifth  Congress,  in  place  of  Bourne,  who  de 
clined,  but  he  himself  resigned  in  1797;  was  again  a 
Representative  from  1809  to  1815,  serving  on  import 
ant  Committees;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1793,  and  by  semi-annual  elections  under  the  old 
charter  system  continued  to  serve  until  his  death, 
excepting  when  in  Congress,  and  was  five  times 
elected  Speaker;  was  a  man  of  superior  talents,  and 
for  forty  years  filled  a  large  space  in  the  political 
affairs  of  Rhode  Island.  Died  in  Kingston,  Rhode 
Island,  September  26,  1835. 

Potter,  Elisha  R.,  Jr.;  was  bom  in  Kingston, 
Rhode  Island,  June  20,  1811;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1830;  was,  for  several  years,  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature;  was  Adj  utant-General  of  the 
State  in  1835  and  1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1843  to  1845;  was  State 
Commissioner  of  Public  Schools  from  May,  1849,  to 
October,  1854,  when  he  resigned,  after  which  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law;  was  subsequently 
chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
and  became  Chief  Justice;  as  an  author  he  published 
"  Early  History  of  Narragansett,"  a  work  on  "  Paper 
Money  in  Rhode  Island,"  and  valuable  contributions 
on  Suffrage  and  Public  Schools. 

Potter,  Emery  D.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843 
to  1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Terri 
tory  of  Utah. 

Potter,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Mecklenburg,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1765 ;  received  a  liberal  education  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1801  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  United  States  Judge 
of  the  Fifth  Circuit;  in  1802  was  made  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  the  State  of  North 
Carolina,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death, 
December  20,  1857. 

Potter,  John  P.;  was  born  at  Augusta,  Maine. 
May  11,  1817;  was  educated  at  Phillips's  Academy, 
New  Hampshire;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  settled 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


403 


in  Wai  worth  County,  Wisconsin;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  in  1856:  was  a 
Judge  of  Walworth  County  from  1842  to  1846;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Be\  olutionary  Pensions;  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was  made  Chairman  of 
a  Special  Committee  on  Government  Employes,  and 
also  of  that  011  Public  Lands;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861;  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  Governor  of  Nevada  Territory,  but  de 
clined;  was  subsequently  appointed  Consul-General 
to  British  North  America. 

Potter,  Orlando  B.;  was  born  at  Chartemont, 
Massachusetts,  March  10,  1823;  until  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  worked  upon  a  farm,  attending  the  com 
mon  school  during  the  winter;  taught  school,  and 
thus  acquired  means  to  prosecute  his  studies;  after 
two  years  tuition  at  Williams  College,  studied  law  at 
Dane  Law  School,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Boston  in  1848.  and  engaged  in 
practice  there;  also  became  interested  in  manufac 
turing;  in  1853  removed  to  New  York  City;  his  busi 
ness  becoming  widely  extended,  and  the  unequal, 
and  changeable  values  of  the  currency  of  the  different 
States  causing  much  annoyance,  he  conceived  the 
idea  of  a  National  currency;  the  defeat  of  the  Union 
forces  at  Bull  Run  in  1861  convinced  him  of  the  im 
perative  necessity  of  such  a  currency,  and,  within 
twenty-five  days  thereafter,  he  matured,  and  laid 
before  .Secretary  Chase,  of  the  United  States  Treasury, 
and  President  Lincoln,  a  plan  for  a  National  Bank 
ing  System;  this  plan  was  adopted,  with  a  few  slight 
mod iiicat  ions,  and  was  the  basis  of  the  present  Na 
tional  Banking  System  of  the  country;  in  1876  Mr. 
Potter  retired  from  active  business  and  devoted  his 
attention  to  the  care  and  improvement  of  his  property 
and  the  conduct  of  a  large  dairy  farm  on  the  Hudson 
River;  was  nominated  for  Congress  in  1878,  but  was 
defeated:  was  tendered  the  nomination  for  Congress 
at  the  special  election  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  Eleventh 
District  in  1881,  but  declined;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Potter,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Granville  County, 
North  Carolina;  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman, 
but  resigned  this  position  and  studied  law;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1826;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1829  to  1831;  was  a  second  time  in  the  Legisla 
ture,  but  owing  to  an  out  rage  that  he  committed  upon 
the  persons  of  two  men,  of  whom  he  was  jealous,  he 
lo.st  all  political  influence,  and,  removing  to  Texas, 
was  killed  in  a  private  brawl. 

Potter,  Samuel  J.;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island 
in  1750;  was  at  one  time  Deputy  Governor;  in  1792 
and  1796  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  during  the  years  1803 
and  1804.  Died  October  29  of  the  latter  year. 

Potter,  William  W.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1837  to  1839.  Died 
at  Bellefonte,  in  that  State,  October  28,  1839. 

Pottle,  Emory  B.;  was  born  in  Naples,  New 
York;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  served  one  term  in 
the  Legislature  of  New  York;  was  elected  a.  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Navy  Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
.STnva'  Affairs. 


Potts,  Benjamin  F.;  was  Governor  of  the  Terri 
tory  oi  Montana  from  1870  to  1883. 

Potts,  David,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1793;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1831  to  1839.  Died  in 
1863. 

Potts,  Richard  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1781  and  1782 ;  was  Governor  of 
Maryland  during  the  same  years;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1792  to  1796,  when 
he  resigned;  received,  from  Princeton  College,  in 
1805,  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Pound,  Thaddeus  O.;  was  born  at  Elk,  Penn 
sylvania,  December  6,  1832;  passed  his  childhood 
near  Rochester,  New  York;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
1848:  received  an  academic  education;  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business;  became  President  of  several  lumber 
and  railway  companies;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1864,  1866,  1867, 
and  I860,  serving  as  Speaker  pro  1cm.  during  the  last 
year;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1870  and  1871; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wis 
consin  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-sev 
enth  Congresses. 

Powell,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817. 

Powell,  Alfred  H.;  was  born  in  Loudon  Coun 
ty,  Virginia:  graduated  at  Princeton  College;  studied 
law  in  Alexandria,  Virginia;  settled  in  Winchester, 
Virginia,  in  1800;  served  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  one  or  two  State  Conventions;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1825  to  1827. 
Died  at  Winchester  while  arguing  a  case  in  court,  in 
1831,  aged  fifty  years. 

Powell,  Cuthbert ;  -was  at  one  time  Mayor  of 
Alexandria  in  Virginia;  on  his  removal  to  Loudon 
County  was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1841  to  1843. 
Died  at  Langollen,  Virginia,  May  8,  1849. 

Powell,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  Towanda,  Brad 
ford  County,  Pennsylvania,  June  23,  1848;  his  edu 
cation  was  such  as  the  common  school  and  academic 
facilities  of  the  county  afforded;  in  early  life  became 
a  merchant,  which  occupation  he  pursued  successfully 
for  many  years;  subsequently  became  President  of 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Towanda,  and  engaged  in 
other  business  enterprises;  at  the  time  of  his  election 
as  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress,  in  1875,  was  engaged  in  active  busi 
ness,  and  accepted  a  nomination  contrary  to  his 
wishes  and  inclinations;  previous  to  that  time  he  had 
never  occupied  a  public  position,  nor  been  an  active 
politician. 

Powell,  Lazarus  "W.;  was  born  in  Henderson 
County,  Kentucky,  October  6,  1812;  graduated  at  St. 
Joseph's  College,  Bardstown,  in  1833;  studied  law  at 
the  Transylvania  University,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1835,  following  his  profession  and  carrying  on  a  farm 
at  the  same  time;  in  1836  was  elected  to  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1844;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1851  to  1855; 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  long  term 
commencing  in  1859,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Judiciary,  Pensions,  and  Printing;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Conven-* 
tion  "  of  1866.  Died  at  his  home  in  Kentucky, 
5,  1867. 


404 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Powell,  Levin;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1738; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention  which  ratified 
the  Federal  Constitution;  served  through  the  War  of 
the  Revolution  in  the  Virginia  Line  of  the  Conti 
nental  Army,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  resided  in  London  County,  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  179<J 
to  1801.  Died  at  Bedford,  Pennsylvania,  in  August. 


Powell,  Paulus;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
in  1849;  continued  in  that  capacity  to  the  close  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department 
and  that  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Powers,  Gershom  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1831. 

Powers,  Llewellyn;  born  in  Pittsfield,  Maine. 
in  1838;  was  educated  at  Colby  University;  studied 
law  at  Albany  University;  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1861,  and  located  at  Houlton,  Maine;  was  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  from  1864  to  1871;  was  Collector  of 
Customs  for  the  District  of  Aroostook,  Maine,  from 
1868  to  1872;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1874,  1875,  and  1876;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty  -fifth  Congress. 

Powers,  Orlando  "W.;  was  born  at  Pultney- 
ville,  Wayne  County,  New  York,  June  16,  1851;  Ms 
early  life  was  passed  upon  a  farm;  received  a  com 
mon  school  and  academic  education  ;  studied  law,  and 
graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  Michigan 
University  in  the  class  of  1871  ;  in  1873  settled  at 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan,  and  began  the  practice  of  law; 
soon  secured  a  large  business;  in  1879  was  elected 
City  Attorney  of  Kalamazoo;  in  1880  was  the  Demo 
cratic  nominee  for  Congress  in  the  Fourth  Congres 
sional  District  of  Michigan,  and,  although  defeated, 
polled  the  largest  vote  ever  cast  in  that  district  for  a 
straight  Democratic  candidate;  in  1882  prepared,  and 
published,  a  work  on  Chancery  Practice;  in  1883 
published  "Powers'  Supreme  Court  Practice";  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Delegate-at-Large  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention,  and  was  the  member 
from  Michigan  on  the  Committee  on  permanent  or 
ganization;  in  the  spring  of  1885  was  again  elected 
City  Attorney  of  Kalamazoo;  in  April  of  the  same 
year  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  an  As 
sociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory 
of  Utah. 

Powers,  Ridgely  O.;  was  born  in  Mecca. 
Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  December  24,  183«;  studied 
at  the  Western  Reserve  Seminary,  and  taught  school 
in  Illinois;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Michigan 
in  1W62;  served  as  an  Assistant  Adjutant-General  in 
the  War  for  the  Union;  removed  to  the  State  of 
Mississippi  in  1865;  was  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
1870;  in  1871  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State. 

Poydras,  Julian;  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress 
from  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  from  1809  to  1812. 

Pratt,  Daniel  D.;  was  born  in  Palermo,  Waldo 
County,  Maine,  October  26,  1813;  when  a  child  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  New  York;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1831;  in  1832  went  to  Indiana, 
where  he  taught  school;  in  1834  went  to  Indianapo 
lis,  wrote  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  and 
studied  law;  in  1836  settled  at  Logansport,  where  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1851 
and  1853  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1860,  officiat 
ing  as  leading  Secretary;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Rep 


resentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  j 
in  January,  1869,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
for  the  term  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Pensions,  Claims,  and  District  of  Columbia- 
in  May,  1875,  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  In 
ternal  Revenue,  remaining  in  office  until  August, 
1876. 

Pratt,  Henry  O.;  was  born  in  Foxcroft,  Maine, 
February  11,  1838;  was  wrell  educated;  studied  law, 
and  graduated   at  the  law  department  of  Harvard 
University;    removed  to  Iowa  in  1862;  served  as  a 
private  in  the  army ;  practiced  law  at  Charles  City, 
Iowa,  in   1864;  was  elected  to   the   Iowa  House   of 
Representatives  in  1869,  and  re-elected  in  1871:  was  j 
elected   to   the    Forty-third    and   Forty-fourth    Con-  < 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims. 

Pratt,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Middletown.  Con 
necticut,  in  1805;  was  bred  a  farmer,  which  occupa 
tion  he  followed;  served  in  the  Connecticut  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1853  to  1855;  Avas  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Peace  Congress"  of  1861. 

Pratt,  O.  C.;  was  born  in  New  York;  removed  to 
Illinois,  and  from  that  State  was  appointed  an  Asso-   j 
ciate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter-    | 
ritory  of  Oregon,  residing  at  Oregon  City. 

Pratt,  Thomas  Gr. ;  was  born  in  Washington. 
City  in  1805;  was  educated  at  an  academy  in  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia;  was  bred  a  lawyer;  fre 
quently  served  in  the  Maryland  Senate;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1837;  was  Governor  of  Maryland 
from  1844  to  1848;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1850  to  1857;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"  Chicago  Convention  "  of  1864,  and  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866.  Died 
in  Baltimore,  November  9,  1869. 

Pratt,  Zadock ;  was  born  at  Stephentowii, 
Kensselaer  County,  New  York.  October  150,  1790; 
commenced  life  without  means,  but  by  industry 
gained  a  large  fortune;  devoting  his  attention  to- 
tanning  among  the  Catskill  Mountains,  attained  emi 
nent  success  in  that  branch  of  the  mechanic  arts,  and 
his  name  will  ever  be  associated  with  Prattsville  and 
that  vast  tannery,  Avhere,  previous  to  1846,  he  had 
tanned  more  than  a  million  sides  of  leather;  in  1823 
was  elected  a  Colonel  of  Militia;  in  1830  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate ;  in  1836  was  a  Presidential  Elector;: 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1836  and  1842,  and  labored 
successfully  lor  the  public  good;  his  career  in  Con 
gress  will  be  remembered  for  his  efforts  in  behalf  of 
the  reduction  of  postage,  his  plans  for  the  new  Post 
Office  building,  and  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  which 
owes  its  origin  to  him;  in  1852  was  again  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector;  established  a  newspaper  and  a  bank  at 
Prattsville;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Con 
vention"  of  1852,  and  to  various  other  Democratic 
conventions;  was  the  President  of  many  societies  and 
institutions.  Died  at  Bergen,  New  Jersey,  April  6, 
1871. 

Preble,  William  Pitt ;  was  born  at  York,  Maine, 

November  27,  1783;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univers 
ity  in  1806;  was  District  Attorney  in  1813;  removed 
to  Portland  in  1818;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  under  the  new  government  in 
1820;  was  appointed  United  States  Minister  to  the 
Netherlands  in  1829;  afterwards  held  many  import 
ant  positions;  in  1847  was  President  of  the  Atlantic 
and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad  Company.  Died  in  Port 
land,  Maine,  October  11,  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


405 


Prentiss,  JohnH.;  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  17,  1784;  was  bred  a  printer;  set 
tled  in  Cooperstown,  New  York,  and  in  1808  estab 
lished  the  Freeman1  s  Journal  in  that  town,  which  he 
edited  with  ability  and  success  until  1849;  was  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty-fifth 
and  Twenty-sixth  Congresses.  Died  in  Cooperstown, 
June  26,  1864. 

Prentiss,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Stonington,  Con 
necticut,  March  31,  1782;  removed,  with  his  father, 
to  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  subsequently  to 
Northfield,  where  he  commenced  the  study  of  law; 
•completed  his  professional  studies  in  Brattleboro', 
Vermont,  and  commenced  practice  at  Montpelier, 
Vermont,  in  1803;  soon  became  one  of  the  foremost 
men  at  the  bar;  in  1824  and  1825  represented  Mont 
pelier  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1829  was  elected 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  hav 
ing  several  years  before  declined  the  office  of  Asso 
ciate  Justice  of  that  Court;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Vermont  from  1831  to  1842;  while  Senator  did 
much  to  effect  the  passage  of  the  law  against  duel 
ling  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1842  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Federal  District  Court  in  Ver 
mont,  which  office  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Vermont.  Died  in  Montpelier,  Vermont,  January 
15.  1857.  He  left  ten  sons,  nine  of  whom  were  mem 
bers  of  his  own  profession. 

Prentiss,  Sergeant  S.;  was  born  at  Portland, 
Maine,  September  30,  1808;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1826;  after  studying  law  at  Gorham. 
Maine,  removed  to  Mississippi;  passed  two  years  as 
tutor  in  a  private  family;  studied  law  at  Natchez;  on 
removing  to  Vicksburg,  became  from  the  first  the 
leader  of  the  bar  in  his  adopted  State,  acquiring  by 
his  profession  a  large  property;  entered  politics;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1835;  in  1837  was 
chosen  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi 
for  the  years  1838  and  1839;  from  that  period  until 
the  close  of  his  life  was  devoted  wholly  to  his  profes 
sion,  appearing  frequently  in  Court  in  New  Orleans; 
as  a  jury  orator  he  was  acknowledged  as  having  no 
equal  in  the  South-western  States.  Died  at  Long- 
wood.  July  1,  1850. 

Prescott,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  at  Epping, 
New  Hampshire,  February  26.  1833;  received  a 
classical  education  at  Phillips'  Academy,  Exeter, 
New  Hampshire,  and  at  Dartmouth  College,  gradu 
ating  from  the  latter  institution  in  1856;  read  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and  practiced  until 
1862:  became  Associate  Editor  of  the  Independent 
Democrat  newspaper,  at  Concord,  New  Hampshire, 
and  continued  as  such  until  1866;  was  elected  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  1872.  1873.  1875,  and  1876;  was 
elected  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in  1877  and  re- 
elected  in  1878;  was  Chairman  of  the  New  Hampshire 
delegation  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  o: 
1880. 

Prescott,  Cyrus  D.;  was  born  in  New  Hartford, 
New  York,  August  15,  1836;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law.  and  commenced  practice  a1 
Rome,  New  York,  in  1859;  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen  from  1874  to  1876;  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1878;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Preston,  Francis ;  was  a  member  of  Congress 
from  Virginia,  from  1793  to  1797.  Died  at  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  May  26,  1835,  whither  he  had  gone 
upon  a  visit  to  his  son,  the  distinguished  William  C. 
Preston 


Preston,  Jacob  A.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Preston,  James  P.;  was  born  in  1775:  gradu 
ated  at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1795;  was  ap 
pointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Infantry 
in  1812;  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  Twenty- 
third  Infantry  in  1813;  at  the  battle  of  Chrystler's 
Field  received  a  wound  which  crippled  him  for  life; 
for  many  years  was  Postmaster  of  the  city  of  Rich 
mond;  was  Governor  of  Virginia  from  1816  to  1819. 
Died  at  Smithfield,  Virginia,  May  4,  1843. 

Preston,  "William ;  was  born  near  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  October  16,  1816;  was  educated  at  St. 
Joseph's  College,  Kentucky,  in  New  Haven,  and  at 
Harvard  University ;  settled  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Louisville,  and  remained  there  until  the  Mexican 
War,  when  he  went  to  Mexico  as  a  Lieutenant-Col 
onel  of  the  Kentucky  Volunteers;  served  in  the  Con 
vention  called  to  frame  anew  the  Constitution  ol 
Kentucky;  in  1850  and  1851  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852,  vot 
ing  for  Scott;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-second  Congress,  for  the  un- 
expired  term  of  Humphrey  Marshall,  resigned;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "Cincinnati  Convention"  which  nom 
inated  Mr.  Buchanan  in  1856:  in  1858  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Minister  to  Spain;  011  his 
return,  in  1861,  took  part  in  the  Rebellion,  and  was 
a  Brigadier-General;  in  1868  was  elected  to. the  State 
Legislature. 

Preston,  William B.;  was  born  in  Virginia: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  Statt 
from  1847  to  1849;  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  under 
President  Taylor,  in  1849  and  1850;  took  part  in  the 
Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  member  of  the  Confederatt 
Congress.  Died  in  Montgomery  County,  Virginia, 
November  16,  1862 

Preston,  "William  C.;  was  born  December,  27, 
1794,  in  Philadelphia,  while  his  father  was  attending 
a  session  of  Congress  at  that  place  as  a  Representative 
from  Virginia;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina;  graduated  in  1812,  and  returned  to 
Virginia;  studied  law  in  the  office  of  WTilliam  Wirt 
at  Richmond;  in  1816  went  to  Europe,  and  after 
visiting  France,  England,  and  Switzerland,  resided 
for  some  time  in  Edinburgh,  where  he  attended  the 
lectures  of  Hope,  Playfair  and  Brown;  in  1819  re 
turned  to  the  United  States;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1821 .  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
Virginia;  in  1822  removed  to  Columbia.  South  Caro 
lina,  where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession 
with  great  distinction  and  success;  in  1832  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from  South 
Carolina,  where  he  assumed  a  high  position  as  a 
debater;  in  1842  resigned  his  place  in  the  Senate, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  South 
Carolina;  in  1855  became  President  of  the  University 
of  South  Carolina,  which  office  he  filled  with  great 
credit  until  he  was  forced  to  resign  in  consequence 
of  ill-health,  after  which  time  he  lived  in  retire 
ment.  Died  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  May  22, 
1860. 

Prevost,  John  B. ;  in  1804  was  appointed  a 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Orleans. 

Price,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  10,  1814:  received  a  common 
school  education;  engaged  in  various  pursuits;  in 
1844  removed  to  Davenport,  Iowa;  was  President  of 


40(J 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  State  Bank  of  Iowa  from  1859  to  1866;  was  Pay 
master-General  of  Jowa  during  the  Civil  War;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth,  Thirty-ninth,  Fortieth,  Forty-fifth,  and  For 
ty-sixth  Congresses;  was  President  of  the  Davenport 
and  St.  Paul  Railroad  Company;  in  March.  1881, 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  in  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  at  Washington  City. 

'  Price,  Rodman  M.;  was  born  in  Sussex  County. 
New  Jersey,  November  5,  1816;  attended  Princeton 
College  until  his  health  compelled  him  to  retire;  de 
voted  some  attention  to  the  study  of  law;  was  ap 
pointed  Purser  in  the  Navy  in  1840;  is  said  to  have 
been  the  first  person  to  exercise  judicial  functions 
under  the  American  flag  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  as 
Alcalde;  in  1848  was  made  naval  agent  tor  the  Pacific 
coast;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his 
native  State  from  1851  to  1853;  was  subsequently 
elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey;  caused  the  estab 
lishment,  in  that  State,  of  a  Normal  School,  and  did 
much  to  improve  the  militia  of  the  State;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress"  of  1861. 

Price,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  in  1805;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools; 
studied  law,  and  engaged  in  practice;  served  several 
terms  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1863  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Virginia,  holding  the  office 
until  the  close  of  the  Civil  War;  in  1865  was  elected 
Circuit  Judge,  but  declined  to  take  the  "test  oath  " 
and  did  not  serve;  in  1876  was  appointed  United 
States  Senator,  serving  about  two  months.  Died  at 
Leesburgh,  Virginia,  February  25,  1884. 

Price,  Sterling;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Missouri,  from  1845 
to  1847;  was  Governor  of  that  State  from  185:.  to 
1857;  was  identified  with  the  great  Rebellion  of  1861 
as  a  Major-General . 

Price,  Thomas  L.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  w;is  a 
Delegate  to  the  "  Chicago  Convention  "  of  1864,  and 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention " 
of  1866.  Died  in  Lexington.  Missouri,  Julv  15, 
1870. 

Price,  William  O.;  in  1860  was  appointed 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States;  held  the  office  until 
1861. 

Price,  "William  P.;  was  born  in  Dahlonega, 
Georgia,  January  29.  1835;  worked  at  the  printer's 
trade;  entered  Furman  University,  at  Greenville, 
South  Carolina,  in  1854,  but  left,  without  graduat 
ing,  to  take  charge  of  a  newspaper;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina;  practiced  law  at  Greenville;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1864,  1865,  and  1866; 
returned  to  Georgia  in  1866;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Georgia  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-first  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving 
on  several  Committees. 

Price,  "William  Thompson ;  was  born  in  Barre 
Township,  Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania.  June 
17,  1824;  received  a  common  school  education;  en 
gaged  in  various  pursuits;  removed  to  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  Iowa,  in  March,  1845.  and  at  Black  River  Falls, 
Wisconsin,  in  the  fall  of  the  same  vear;  became  a 
lumberman,  merchant,  farmer,  and  banker;  was 
Under  Sheriff  of  the  county  in  1849  and  1855;  was 
Judge  of  Jackson  County,  once  by  election  and'  once 
by  appointment;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1851  and  1852;  was  a  State  Senator  in 


1857,  1870,  1871,  1878,  1879,  1880,  and  1881,  and 
was  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate  in  1879;  was 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  from  1863  to  1865; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses.  Died  at 
Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin,  December  6,  1886. 

Prickett,  Henry  E.;  was  born  in  Faversham. 
Kent  County,  England.  February  1,  1829;  emigrated, 
with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1835,  set 
tling  in  Washington  County,  New  York;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law;  removed  to  Wis 
consin;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858;  was  County 
Judge  of  Jackson  County  from  1856  to  1860;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1858;  set 
tled  in  Idaho  Territory;  was  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1875;  in  1876  was 
appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Idaho,  and  was  re-appointed  in  1880. 

Pridemore,  Auburn  Lorenzo  ;  was  born  in 
Scott  County,  Virginia,  June  27,  1837;  passed  his 
childhood  and  youth  upon  a  farm,  his  educational  ad 
vantages  being  very  limited;  afterwards  alternately 
taught  and  attended  school,  and  acquired  a  good  En 
glish  education;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861,  as  a  Captain,  served  throughout  the  war,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  was  elected  to  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly  in  March,  1865.  but  the  close  of  the 
war  annulled  the  election,  and  he  did  not  take  his 
seat;  in  1865  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
and  began  practice  at  Jonesville,  Virginia;  was  a 
State  Senator  from  1871  to  1875;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Prince,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Bucklield,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine,  May  9,  1837;  worked  on  his 
father's  farm  in  summer,  and  taught  a  district  school 
in  winter;  in  1859  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
was,  for  a  time,  Postmaster  of  Buckfield ;  in  1862  raised 
a  military  company,  and  was  commissioned  as  a  Cap 
tain;  in  1866  was  made  Cashier  of  the  Freedmen's 
Savings  and  Trust  Company  at  Augusta,  Georgia;  in 
1867  was  a  Superintendent  of  Freedmen's  schools, 
and  also  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Interior  Department. 

Prince,  Oliver  H.;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
published  a  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Georgia;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Georgia  during  the  years 
1828  and  1829;  was  lost  at  sea  October  9, 1837,  in  the 
steamer  Home. 

Prince,  William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1823  to  1824.  Died  in 
Princeton,  Indiana,  September  8,  1824,  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term. 

Prindle,  Elizur  H. ;  was  born  in  Newton,  Con 
necticut,  May  6,  1829;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  District  Attorney  of  Chenango 
County,  New  York,  in  1860,  1861,  and  1862;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  in  1863;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1867; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions  and  Territories. 

Pringle,  Benjamin;  was  born  at  Richfield,  Otse- 
go  County,  New  York,  November  9,  1807;  received  a 
good  English  and  classical  education;  studied  law, 
and  practiced  for  several  years,  but  relinquished  the 
profession  on  being  made  President  and  Financial 
Officer  of  the  Bank  of  Genesee,  at  Batavia;  held  the 
office  of  Judge  of  the  County  Courts  of  Genesee  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


407 


five  years;  served  one  year  in  the  State  Assembly; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fourth  Congresses;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Arbitration  at  Cape  Town,  under  the  Treaty  of  1862 
with  Great  Britain. 

Proctor,  Redfield;   was  Governor  of  Vermont 
'  from  1878  to  1880. 

Profit,  George  H.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1839  to  1843;  in  1843  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Brazil.  Died  at  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  September  5,  1847. 

Prosser,  "William  F. ;  was  born  in  Williamsport, 
Pennsylvania,  March  16,  1834;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law;  taught  a  public  school 
for  two  years;  went  to  California  in  1854;  engaged  in 
mining  and  mercantile  pursuits;  served  in  the  vol 
unteer  Indian  service;  served  in  the  war  for  the 
Union,  entering  the  army  as  a  private  in  1861,  and 
coming  out  as  a  Colonel  in  1865,  having  been  in  many 
battles  in  the  army  of  the  Cumberland;  after  the  war 
settled  upon  a  farm  near  Nashville,  Tennessee;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1867;  was  a  Director  of  the  Tennessee  and  Pacific 
Railroad  Company;  in  1868  became  a  Director  of  the 
Edgefield  and  Kentucky  Railroad;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims,  and  Roads  and  Canals. 

Pruyn,  John  V.  L.;  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York;  was  chiefly  educated  at  private  schools;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Rutgers  College, 
New  Jersey;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
Albany,  New  York,  in  1832;  in  1835  was  Counsel  and 
Director  of  the  Mohawk  and  Hudson  Railroad;  sub 
sequently  became- Treasurer  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  Company;  was  also  a  Master  in  Chancery 
during  the  Governorship  of  W.  L.  Marcy;  in  1844 
was  made  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  and,  in 
1862,  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  New  York;  was 
a  State  Senator  in  1862;  at  a  special  election,  in  1863, 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty -eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  Erastns  Corning,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Claims;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  and  was  placed  on  the  Library  Committee, 
and  that  on  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

Pruyn,  Robert  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  1861  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Japan; 
resigned  the  office  in  1865. 

Pryor,  Luke ;  was  born  in  Madison  County,  Ala 
bama,  July  5,  1820;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and 
engaged  in  practice;  in  1845  removed  to  Limestone 
County,  Alabama;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature;  engaged  in  farming  in 
addition  to  practicing  his  profession;  in  January, 
1880,  was  appointed  United  States  Senator,  in  place 
of  George  S.  Houston,  deceased;  declined  to  be  a  can 
didate  before  the  Legislature  for  the  vacancy;  in 
1882  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  acclamation, 
without  solicitation,  and  against  his  wish;  accepted 
the  nomination,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Pryor,  Roger  A.;  was  born  in  Dinwiddie  Coun 
ty,  Virginia.  July  19,  1828;  graduated  at  Hampden 
Sidney  College  in  1845;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law.  but  relinquished  the  practice  on  account  of  his 
health;  in  1851  became  an  editor  in  Petersburg;  in 


1852  connected  himself  with  the  Washington  Union 
as  writer;  in  1853  joined  the  Richmond  Enquirer;  in 
1855  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  a  Special 
Commissioner  to  Greece,  to  adjust  certain  difficultiea 
with  that  country ;  on  his  return  established  a  politi 
cal  journal  called  The  South,  which  suspended  in 
eighteen  months;  was,  for  four  months,  connected 
with  the  Washington  Stales;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Virginia  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  as  a 
member  of  the  Confederate  Congress,  and  also  as 
Brigadier-General;  in  November,  1864,  was  captured 
by  the  Union  troops  and  imprisoned  in  Fort  La 
fayette,  but  soon  afterwards  released;  subsequently 
settled  in  Tennessee,  and  later  in  New  York. 

Pugh,  G-eorge  Ellis;  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  November  28,  1822;  graduated  at  Miami  Uni 
versity  in  1840;  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  Captain 
in  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  in  the 
Mexican  War,  in  1847;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Ohio  Legislature  in  1848  and  1849;  was  appointed 
Solicitor  of  the  City  of  Cincinnati  in  1850;  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State  in  1851 ;  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  March  4,  1855,  for  six 
years,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands,  and  on  the  Judiciary. 

Pugh,  James  L.;  was  born  in  Burke  County, 
Georgia,  December  12,  1820;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents  to  Alabama  in  1824;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1848,  1856,  and  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress;  in  1861 
was  elected  to  the  Confederate  Congress,  and  waa 
re-elected  in  1863;  was  President  of  the  Democratic 
State  Convention  of  1874 ;  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1875;  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Alabama,  for  the  term  ending  in 
1885,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
George  S.  Houston  in  1880;  was  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  March  3,  1891. 

Pugh,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1805  to  1809. 

Pugh,  John  Howard;  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  June  23,  1827;  received  an 
academic  education;  graduated  in  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1852;  removed  to 
Burlingtyn.  New  Jersey,  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  1854;  in  1869  was  elected 
President  of  the  Mechanics'  National  Bank  of  Bur 
lington  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Pulitzer,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Hungary  in  1847; 
received  his  early  education  from  a  private  tutor; 
emigrated  to  the  United  States;  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army  at  the  age  of  seventeen;  after  the  close  of  the 
war  settled  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  by  the  Supreme  ( 'ourt  of 
Missouri;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Mis 
souri  Legislature  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1874;  entered 
journalism  in  1867  as  a  reporter  on  the  Saint  Louis 
Westliche  Post,  a  German  paper  then  edited  by  Carl 
Schurz;  rose  to  the  position  of  managing  editor  and 
part  proprietor;  founded  the  Saint  Louis  Posf-Dis- 
patch  in  1878,  by  purchasing  the  Dispatch  and  unit 
ing  it  with  the  Evening  Post;  in  the  spring  of  1883 
bought  the  New  York  World,  of  which  he  became  the 
editor  and  sole  proprietor;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
vention  of  1872:  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 


408 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


National  Conventions  of  1872  and  1*80;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  For 
ty-ninth  Congress. 

Purdy,  Smith  M.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  184'? 
to  1845. 

.  Purrnan,  William  J. ;  was  born  in  Centre  Coun 
ty.  Pennsylvania.  April  11,  1840:  received  a  liberal 
education;  studied  law;  entered  the  Union  Army  as 
a  private,  and  served  on  special  duty  at  the  War  De 
partment,  and  in  Florida;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  Florida  in  1888;  soon  after 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  Secretary 
of  State  in  1808;  was  Judge  of  Jackson  County 
Court  in  1868;  was  re-elected  in  1869:  was  As 
sessor  of  United  States  Internal  Revenue  for  Flor 
ida  in  1870:  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican 
State  Executive  Committee  in  1872;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Florida  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  but  his  seat  was 
.successfully  contested  by  R.  H.  M.  Davidson. 

Purviance,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Butler. 
Pennsylvania,  November  8.  1809;  was  a  student  at 
Washington  College,  but  did  not  graduate;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  practiced  for  twenty-five 
years;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  amend 
the  State  Constitution  in  18.36:  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  in  1838  and  1839:  was  a  member  of  the 
Electoral  College  in  1848;  was  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866. 

Purviance,  Samuel  D.;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1803  to  1805. 

Puryear,  Richard  O.;  was  born  in  Mecklen 
burg,  Virginia,  February  9,  1801;  received  a  good 
English  education;  passed  most  of  his  life  engaged 
in  merchandising  and  farming;  in  1^38.  having  re 
moved  to  North  Carolina,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  in  1840  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1844.  1846,  and  1852  | 
was  again  elected  to  the  Lower  House  of  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1853  to  1857;  took  part  in  the  Rebel 
lion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Con 
gress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  National 
Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Pusey,  "William  H.  M.;  was  born  at  Hills- 
borough,  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  July 
29,  1826;  graduated  at  Washington- Jefferson  College 
in  1847;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1855;  engaged  in  the  I 
business  of  banking;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  from  1858  to  1862;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Putnam,  Harvey  ;  was,  for  many  years,  a  lead-  I 
ing  member  of  the  bar  of  Genesee  County,  New  York;  j 
was  several  times  to  each  house  of  the  New  York 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1847  to  1851.     Died  at  Attica,  New 
York,  September  21,  1855,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Putnam,  James  O.;  was  a  resident  of  New 
York;  in  18*0  was  appointed  United  States  Minister 
bo  Belgium. 


Putnam,  Rufus ;  was  born  at  Sutton,  Massa 
chusetts.  April  9,  1738;  was  a  millwright  by  trade, 
but  left  that  business  to  enter  the  army  during  the 
campaigns  of  1757  and  1760;  at  the  surrender  of 
Montreal  settled  in  New  Braintree,  Massachusetts, 
to  pursue  his  trade,  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  the 
study  of  mathematics,  navigation,  and  surveying;  in 
1773  sailed  to  East  Florida  to  survey  lands  that  had 
been  granted  by  Parliament  to  the  soldiers  who  had 
served  in  the  French  War;  was  appointed  Govern 
ment  Deputy  Surveyor  of  the  Province;  on  his  return 
to  Massachusetts,  was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel  in 
David  Brewster's  Regiment;  by  his  ability  as  an  en 
gineer  in  the  defense  of  Roxbury,  was  appointed, 
through  the  influence  of  Washington,  Chief  En 
gineer  of  all  the  defenses  in  New  York  in  1776,  with 
the  rank  of  Colonel;  from  some  dissatisfaction,  he 
left  the  corps  to  take  command  of  the  Fifth  Massa 
chusetts  Regiment;  was  attached  to  the  Northern 
Army,  and  distinguished  himself  at  Stillwater;  in 
1778.  with  his  cousin.  General  Putnam,  superin 
tended  the  construction  of  fortifications  at  West 
Point,  New  York;  in  1783  w-as  made  Brigadier-Gei  • 
eral :  was  Aid  to  General  Lincoln  during  Shay's  Re 
bellion;  in  1778  was  Superintendent  of  the  Ohio 
Company,  and  founded  Marietta,  Ohio;  in  1789  was 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Northwest  Territory; 
in  1792  was  Brigadier-General  of  Wayne's  Army;  in 
1793,  as  United  States  Commissioner,  concluded  an 
important  treaty  with  eight  tribes  of  Indians  at  Vin- 
cennes,  Indiana;  from  1793  to  1803  was  United  States 
Surveyor-General;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  Ohio.  Died  in  Marietta,  Ohio, 
May  4,  1824. 

Quarles,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Louisa  Coun 
ty.  Virginia,  February  8.  1823;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Kentucky  in  1833  ;  received  a  common 
school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
on  removing  to  Tennessee,  in  1846,  became  Attorney- 
General  of  the  Tenth  District  of  that  State;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Quarles,  Tunstall ;  was  born  in  Virginia:  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from 
1817  to  1820;  was  subsequently  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Missouri. 

Quincy,  Josiah;  was  boni  at  Boston.  Massa 
chusetts,  February  4,  1772;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1790.  and  entered  upon  the  practice-  of 
law  in  Boston;  in  1804  was  chosen  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  in  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  and  held  that  position  eight  successive  years, 
until  he  declined  a  re-election  in  1812;  was  chosen 
State  Senator  for  Suffolk  from  1814  to  1821;  was  a 
Representative  from  Boston,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  in  1820;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  of 
1820  to  revise  the  State  Constitution;  was  Judge  of 
the  Municipal  Court  in  Boston  in  1821  and  1822;  was 
Mayor  of  Boston  in  1823;  held  the  office  of  Mayor  six 
successive  years,  until  he  declined  a  re-election  in 
December,  1828;  in  1829  was  chosen  President  of 
Harvard  University,  and  held  that  office  until  his 
resignation  in  1845;  received  from  that  institution 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  in  1824;  his  published  works  are 
"Speeches  in  Congress,  and  Orations  on  Various  Oc 
casions."  "  Memoir  of  Josiah  Quiucy,  Jr.,  of  Massa 
chusetts,"  "Centennial  Address  on  the  Two  Hund 
redth  Anniversary  of  the  Settlement  of  Boston," 
"A  History  of  Harvard  University  from  1636  to 
1836,"  "Memoir  of  James  Grahame,  Historian  of 
the  United  States  Army,"  "Memoir  of  Major  Samuel 
Shaw,"  "History  of  the  Boston  Atheniurn,"  "A 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNA  L  S . 


409 


Municipal  History  of  the  Town  and  City  of  Boston 
from  1680  to  1830,"  "The  Life  of  John  Quincy 
Adams,"  and  "Essays  on  the  Selling  of  Cattle." 
Died  in  Boston,  July  1,  1864. 

Quinn,  Terence  J.;  was  horn  at  Albany,  New 
York,  October  16,  1836;  received  a  public  school  and 
academic  education;  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  a 
brewer;  was  an  Alderman  from  1860  to  1863.  and 
from  1869  to  1871;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died 
June  18,  1878. 

Quitman,  John  A.;  was  born  at  Rhinebeck, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  September  1,  1799;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education;  studied  theology,  but 
preferred  the  law;  in  his  twentieth  year  was  a  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Mount  Airy  College,  Pennsylvania; 
in  1820  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  that  State;  in  1821  removed  to  Natchez, 
Mississippi;  in  1827  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1828  was  appointed  Chan 
cellor  of  the  State,  serving  three  years;  served  as  a 
Delegate  to  a  "State  Constitutional  Convention": 
in  1835  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and,  as 
President  of  that  body,  was  called  upon  to  perform 
the  duties  of  Governor;  in  18156  distinguished  him 
self  as  a  soldier  and  leader  in  behalf  of  Texas  against 
Mexico;  in  1839  visited  Europe  on  business  for  the 
Mississippi  Railroad  Company;  on  his  return  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals  of  Mississippi;  served  with  distinction  in 
the  Mexican  War,  and  was  for  a  time  the  American 
Governor  of  Mexico ;  had  a  horse  shot  under  him  at 
Monterey;  commanded  at  Victoria;  was  at  Vera  Cruz 
and  Ojo  Del  Auga;  was  commissioned  a  Major-Gen- 
eral  in  the  army:  acquitted  himself  with  great  credit 
at  Chapultepec;  was  one  of  the  first  to  enter  the  City 
of  Mexico;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  was 
Governor  of  Mississippi  in  1850;  in  1855  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi ; 
was  re-elected  in  1857,  serving,  during  both  terms, 
at  the  head  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  by 
!  virtue  of  his  experience  and  strict  integrity  he  com 
manded  the  respect  of  all,  and  the  kindness  of  his 
heart  and  his  amiable  manners  won  for  him  troops 
of  friends  among  all  parties;  he  was  spoken  of  on 
two  occasions  as  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Vice- 
Presidenl,  and  was  the  recognized  leader  of  those 
favorable  to  the  annexation  of  Cuba.  Died  at  his 
residence  in  Mississippi,  July  17, 1858. 

Raburn,  "William ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina,  April  8,  1771;  removed  to  Hancock 
County,  Georgia,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  where,  with 
slight  advantages  for  education,  he  gained  a  high 
position  in  the  State;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Inferior 
Court;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly;  was  a  State 
Senator;  was  Governor  of  Georgia  from  1817  to  1819. 
Died  in  Hancock  County,  October  23,  1819. 

Radford,  William ;  was  born  in  Poughkeepsie, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York.  June  24,  1814;  received 
a  good  common  school  education;  settled  in  New 
York  City  in  1 829 ;  was,  for  a  long  time,  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections, 
and  the  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York.  Died  at 
,  Yonkers.  January  18,  1870. 

Raguet,  Condy ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  January  8.  1784;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  studied  law,  b\\t  en 


tered  a  counting  house,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  was 
sent  as  supercargo  of  a  vessel  to  St.  Domingo;  in 
1805,  after  a  second  voyage,  published  "A  Short  Ac 
count  of  St.  Domingo,  and  a  Circumstantial  Account 
of  the  Massacre  there";  in  1806  became  one  of  the 
founders  and  Managers  of  the  Philadelphia  Saving 
Fund ;  was  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Life  An 
nuity  Company,  and  also  of  the  Philadelphia  Cham 
ber  of  Commerce;  in  1812  took  an  active  part  in  the 
defense  of  Philadelphia;  in  1815  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly ;  afterward  served  in  the  State  Senate ;  in 
1822  was  United  States  Consul  at  Rio  Janeiro,  and 
negotiated  a  treaty  with  Brazil,  to  which  he  was 
the  first  Charge  d'AJfaires,  and  held  the  po-ition  for 
five  years;  on  his  return  home,  became  editor  of 
several  journals;  was  a  member  of  the.  American  Philo 
sophical  Society;  was  a  contributor  to  the  Portfolio; 
published  "A  Treatise  on  Currency  and  Banking"  in 
1839,  which  was  re-published  in  London,  and  trans 
lated  into  Frencli  and  published  in  Paris  in  1840; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  St.  Mary's  Col 
lege,  Baltimore.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  March  22, 
1842. 

Rainey,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Georgetown, 
South  Carolina,  in  slavery,  June  21,  1832;  acquired 
a  good  education,  and  improved  his  mind  by  observa 
tion  and  travel;  his  father  was  a  barber,  and  he  fol 
lowed  that  occupation  in  Charleston  until  1862;  then 
escaped  to  the  West  Indies,  where  he  remained  until 
the  close  of  the  war;  returned  to  his  native  town;  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1868;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of 
South  Carolina  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty-second . 
Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Freedmen's  Affairs  and  Indian 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Ramsay,  David  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
April  2,  1749;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1765; 
studied  medicine  in  Philadelphia  and  received  a  Di 
ploma  from  the  Medical  College  of  that  city  in  1772; 
after  a  short  sojourn  in  Maryland,  removed  to  South 
Carolina  in  1773,  and  settled  in  Charleston,  where  lie 
attained  eminence  in  his  profession;  served  in  the 
Carolina  Legislature  throughout  the  Revolutionary 
War;  was  also  in  the  army  as  Surgeon;  published 
much  in  behalf  of  the  American  cause;  was  one  of 
the  Privy  Council  and  was  banished  to  St.  Augus 
tine;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  South  Caro 
lina  from  1782  to  1786,  and  was  temporary  President 
during  the  sickness  of  Hancock;  in  1785  published 
the  "  History  of  the  Revolution  in  South  Carolina  "; 
in  1790  the  "  History  of  the  American  Revolution  "; 
in  1801  a  "  Life  of  Washington  " ;  in  1808  a  "History 
of  South  Carolina";  also  wrote  a  "History  of  the 
United  States, ' '  and  a  ' '  Universal  History, ' '  which 
were  published  after  his  death.  Died  May  7,  1815, 
from  a  wound  received  in  the  street  from  a  maniac. 

Ramsay,  Nathaniel ;  was  a  Revolutionary 
Patriot  of  Maryland;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  Col 
lege  in  1767;  was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Monmouth,  while  checking  the  British  column  until 
Washington  could  rally  his  troops;  was  made  pris 
oner  at  Charleston;  was  exchanged  December  14, 
1780;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1785  to  1787.  Died  October  25, 
1817.  He  was  a  brother  of  David  Ramsay,  the  his 
torian. 

Ramsay,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 


410 


BIOGKA  PHIOAL    ANNALS. 


Ramsey,  Alexander ;    was  born  in  Dauphin 
County,  near  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,    September 
8,  1815;  was  a  Clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Register  ot 
that  county  in  1828;  was  Secretary  of  the  Electoral 
College  of  Pennsylvania  in  1840;  in  1841  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1843  to  1847;  in  1848  was  Chairman  of  the  State  Cen 
tral  Committee  of  Pennsylvania;   in  1849  was   ap- 
pdinted,  by   President  Taylor,   the   first  Territorial 
Governor  of  Minnesota,  holding  the  office  until  1853, 
during  which  service  he  took  part  (in  1849)  in  nego 
tiating  a  treaty  at  Mendota  for  the  extinction  of  the 
title  of  the  Sioux  half-breeds  to  the  lands  on  Lake 
Pepin;  in  1851  negotiated  another  treaty  with  the 
Sioux  nation,  by  which  the  government  acquired  all 
the  lands  in  Minnesota  west  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  opened  that  State  to  the  large  population  now 
settled  there;  also  made  a  treaty  with  the  Chippewa 
Indians  on  Red  River,  which  he  followed  up  with  an 
other  in  1853;  in  1855  was  Mayor  of  the  city  of  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota;  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State 
of  Minnesota  in  1858,  and  served  until  1862;  in  1863 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Minnesota, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Naval  Affairs,  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads. 
Patents,  and  the  Patent  Office,  Expenses  in  the  Sen 
ate,  Pacific  Railroad,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  and  of  those  also 
on  Revolutionary  Claims,  PostOffices  and  Post  Roads, 
and  Territories;  was  also  a  member  of  the  National 
Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of 
President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  re-elected  for  the 
term  ending  in  1875. 

Ramsey,  William ;  was  born  at  Sterrett's  Gap, 
Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  September  7, 
1779;  in  1803  was  appointed  Surveyor  of  his  native 
county,  an  office  held  by  his  father  during  the  Revo 
lution;  also  held  the  offices  of  Prothonotary,  Regis 
ter,  Recorder,  and  Clerk  of  the  Orphans'  Court;  stud 
ied  law  and  practiced  with  success;  in  1826  was 
elected  a  member  of  Congress  from  Pennsylvania-  was 
re-elected  in  1828  and  1830.  Died  in  September 
1831,  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 

Ramsey,  William  S.;    was  born  at  Carlisle 
Pennsylvania,  June  12,  1810;  was  educated  at  Dick 
inson  College,  but,  on  account  of  ill-health,  did  not 
graduate;  traveled  in  Europe;  was  an  attache  to  the 
American  Legation  in  London,  and  formed  the  ac 
quaintance  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  General   Lafay 
ette;  returning  to  Carlisle,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
832;  was  elected  a  Representative   in   Congress 
38 ;  iT^  JAe:elec^A  in  184°-     Died  at  Baltimore, 
October  17,  1840,  a  few  weeks  after  his  last  election! 

Randall,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Maryland- 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1  to  1843,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  District  of 
Columbia. 

Randall,  Alexander  W.;  was  born  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  New  York,  in  October,  1819-  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  studied  law;  removed  to 
Wisconsin  in  1840;  practiced  his  profession  for  many 
years  at  Waukesha,  Wisconsin;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Taylor,  Postmaster  of  that  place-  in  1854 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1856  was  ap- 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Second  Judicial  District  ^F^ 
State;  in  1857  and  1859  was  elected  Govertr  of  wfs 
consin;  early  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  Minister  Resident  to  Italy;  on  his  return,  at 
the  close  of  the  war,  was  appointed  Assistant  Post 
master-General;  in  1866  entered  President  John 
son's  Cabinet  as  Postmaster-General ;  was  subse 


quently  engaged  in  prosecuting  claims  before  the 
General  Government.  Died  at  Elmira,  New  York 
July  25,  1872. 

Randall,  Archibald ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia 
Pennsylvania,  in  1800;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1818;  practiced  with  success  for  more  than 
twenty-five  years;  in  1834  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  where  he  resided;  in  1842  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1844  presided 
over  both  the  District  and  Circuit  Courts;  his  decis 
ions  in  bankruptcy  are  in  the  Pennsylvania  Law  Jour 
nal,  from  1842  to  1846.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  May 
30,  1846. 

Randall,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts 
m  1789;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1809;  stud 
ied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and  com 
menced  practice  in  Bath,  Maine,  where  he  resided  for 
forty-five  years;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 

33;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine 
from  1839  to  1843,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Taylor,  Collector  of  the  port  of  Bath,  Maine  Died 
at  that  place,  October  14,  1857. 

Randall,  Samuel  J.;  was  born  at  Philadelphia 
Pennsylvania,  October  10,  1828;  was  educated  in 
ihat  city;  was  bred  a  merchant;  served  four  years  in 
the  Councils  of  his  native  city;  served  one  term  in 
the  State  Senate  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1862  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Buildings  and  Grounds;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Ihirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Banking  and  Currency,  and  Expenditures  in  the 
btate  Department,  and  Retrenchment;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Retrenchment  and  on  the  Assassination  of  President 
Lincoln,  as  well  as  his  old  committees;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  four  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Rules,  Banking,  and  Elections-  at 
the  opening  of  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  was  a  prom 
inent  though  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Speaker-  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Appropriations;  was  elected  Speaker  of 
the  House  to  till  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
M.  C.  Kerr;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Confess 
and  re-elected  Speaker;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress  and  again  re-elected  Speaker;  w-is 
also  re-elected  to  the  Forty-seventh,  Fortv-elghth 
and  Forty -ninth  Congresses. 

Randall,  T.;  was  a  native  of  Maryland;  was  well 
educated,  and  a  lawyer  by  profession;  removed  to 
T^h^!^/^ld;a5_WasaPP°!nted  United  States 


st,>  Wijliam  H-;  ™»  born  in  Kentucky  • 
studied  law,  and  come  to  the  bar  in  1835-  in  1836 
was  appomted  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  and  County  Court 

nJiiTSi    ft  yViKeniucky'  which  p°sifcion  he  held 

n  fc5?li^2  adoption  of  the  State  Constitu- 
?Sm25  lo£°ffi£  oneT/ear  by  election;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Af 
fairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress 
SFC™ng  ™  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Afl£?3 
Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings-  was  a  Wl  P 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  LoyalisS^ZttoS?  of 


ColW?'  Bi  ~Tfrly  !  gradua*ed  at  William  an.l 
College  in  1/71;  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


411 


Assembly  during  the  Revolution;  was  Governor  of 


Virginia  from  1788  to  1791. 
aged  forty-three  years. 


Died  February,  1797, 


Randolph,  Edmund;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and  a  warm  supporter  of  the 
Revolution ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1779  to  1783;  in  1788  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States,  but  voted  against  its 
adoption;  in  1788  was  Governor  of  Virginia;  in  1789 
was  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States;  in  1794 
was  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  but,  en 
gaging  in  an  intrigue  with  the  French  Minister,  lost 
the  confidence  of  the  Cabinet,  and  resigned  in  1795. 
Died  September  12,  1813. 

Randolph,  James  F. ;  was  born  in  Middlesex 
County,  New  Jersey,  June  26,  1791 ;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  served  an  apprenticeship  to 
the  printing  business;  became  editor  of  the  Fre- 
donian,  a  weekly  newspaper,  in  1812,  and  continued 
in  that  capacity  for  thirty  years;  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  Internal  Revenue  of  the  United  States  in 
1815,  and  held  that  office  until  the  close  of  the  war  in 
Texas;  was  subsequently  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  for  his  native  County;  was,  for  two  years, 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  from  1828  to 
1833;  was  afterwards  President  of  a  bank  in  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  for  ten  years.  Died  in  Jer 
sey  City,  March  19,  1871. 

Randolph,  James  Henry;  was  born  in  Jeffer 
son  County.  Tennessee,  October  19,  1825;  was  edu 
cated  at  Halston  College,  Tennessee;  studied  law; 
began  to  practice  in  1850;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1857,  1858,  1860,  and  1861; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1865;  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Second  Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State  in  1869,  and  re- 
elected  in  1870,  under  the  new  Constitution,  holding 
the  office  until  he  resigned  to  accept  the  nomination 
for  Congressman ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Randolph,  John,  of  Roanoke ;  was  born  in 
Chesterfield,  Virginia,  June  2,  1773,  and  claimed  de 
scent,  through  his  grandmother,  from  Pocahontas, 
the  daughter  of  Powhatan,  the  great  Indian  chief; 
his  father  died  in  1775,  leaving  three  sons  and  a 
large  estate;  his  mother  was  married,  in  1783,  to  St. 
George  Tucker,  who  was  his  guardian  during  his  mi 
nority;  his  early  life  was  spent  at  different  places, 
under  different  instructors,  of  most  of  whom  he  said 
" he  never  learned  anything";  passed  a  short  time 
;it  Princeton  College,  Columbia  College,  and  at  William 
and  Mary  College;  for  a  time  studied  law  with  Ed 
mund  Randolph;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1799,  and  continued  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  with  the  exception  of  two 
intervals  of  two  years  each,  until  1823;  in  that  year 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  Consti 
tution  of  Virginia,  and  was  afterwards  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Russia,  by  Presidenl 
Jackson,  in  1830;  during  one  of  the  intervals  alluded 
to,  from  1825  to  1827,  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States;  was  never  married,  and  was  possessed  of  a 
large  estate  on  the  Roanoke.  Died  at  Philadelphia, 
May  24,  1833,  while  about  to  depart  for  Europe  for 
the  restoration  of  his  feeble  health.  He  was  distin 
guished  alike  for  his  genius,  his  effective  eloquence, 
j  a  remarkable  power  of  sarcasm  in  debate,  and  for  many 
eccentricities  of  thought  and  manner.  He  had  a 
quarrel  with  Henry  Clay  which  resulted  in  a  duel, 
when  he  allowed  himself  to  be  shot  at  and  then  threw 


away  his  fire;  was  noted  for  his  love  of  horses,  and, 
for  many  years,  while  attending  Congress,  resided  in 
Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  from  which  place 
he  was  in  the  habit  of  driving  to  the  Capitol  in  regal 
style,  in  a  barouche,  drawn  by  four  blooded-horses. 

Randolph,  Joseph  Fitz  ;  was  born  in  New  Jer 
sey  in  1803;  obtained  an  ordinary  school  education, 
after  which  he  studied  law;  was  licensed  to  practice 
in  1825;  settled  at  Monmouth  Court  House,  and  was 
appointed  State's  Attorney  for  the  county;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843,  and 
during  one  term  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Claims;  in  1844  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  State  Constitution;  in 
1845  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey  for  a  term  of  seven  years,  after  which  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Trenton; 
was  a  member  of  the  "Peace  Congress  "  of  1861. 

Randolph,  Peter;  was  born  in  Maryland:  on 
removing  to  Mississippi,  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
;he  United  States  Court  for  the  District  of  Missis- 
ippi. 

Randolph,  Peyton  ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1723;  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers  and 
patriots  of  that  State;  in  1756  was  appointed  King's 
Attorney  for  the  Colony  of  Virginia,  and  held  the 
office  for  many  years;  in  1766  was  elected  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Burgesses;  in  1773  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Correspondence;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1775,  and  was  the 
first  President  of  that  body.  Died  suddenly,  in  Phil 
adelphia.  October  22,  1775,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Randolph,  Theodore  F.;  was  born  at  New- 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey.  June  :24.  1826;  was  con 
nected  by  marriage  with  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  and 
cast  his  first  vote  in  Mississippi;  resided  in  Hudson 
County,  New  Jersey,  from  1850  to  1862;  then  re 
moved  to  Morristown;  in  1860  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Assembly,  and  declined  the  Speakership  of 
that  body;  in  1861  was  Chairman  of  the  Special 
Committee  on  the  "Peace  Congress,"  and  inaugur 
ated  the  measure  for  the  relief  of  the  families  of 
soldiers;  in  1861  was  elected  State  Senator,  to  fill  an 
unexpired  term,  and  re-elected  in  1862.  serving  until 
1865;  in  1862  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Draft 
for  Hudson  County;  in  1867  was  elected  President  of 
the  Morris  and  Essex  Railroad  Company;  was  elected 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  in  1868;  caused  a  repeal  of 
the  "  Odious  Camden  and  Amboy  Monopoly  Tax," 
and  established  a  general  railway  law;  made  the 
State  Prison  system  self-supporting;  suggested  the 
plan  for  the  new  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  now  the 
largest  in  the  world;  also  settled  a  fued  of  thirty 
years'  standing  between  the  Erie  and  Delaware  Rail 
roads;  after  the  expiration  of  his  term  as  Governor 
engaged  in  farming  and  mining;  was  elected  United 
States  Senator  from  New  Jersey  in  1874  for  six  years; 
was  a  member  of  the  "National  Democratic  Conven 
tions"  of  1864  and  1872.  Died  at  his  home,  No 
vember  7,  1883. 

Randolph,  Thomas  Mann;  was  a  native  of 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1803  to  1807;  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  Twen 
tieth  Infantry  in  1813;  was  Governor  of  Virginia 
from  1819  to  1822.  Died  at  Monticello,  June  20, 
1828. 

Rankin  Christopher ;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Mississippi,  from  1819  to  1826.  Died 
March  14,  1826,  in  Washington  City. 


41-2 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Rankin,  Joseph;  was  born  at  Passaic,  New 
Jersey,  September  25.  1833;  received  an  academic 
education;  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  settled  at 
Manitowac;  served  three  years  in  the  Union  Army 
during  the  Civil  War;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  eleven  years;  was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
State  Central  Committee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1876  and  ii 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses.  Died  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  November  8, 
1885. 

Ranney,  Ambrose  A.;  was  born  at  Townshend, 
Vermont,  April  16,  1821;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1844;  studied  law,  and  commenced  prac 
tice  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  1848;  was  Corpora 
tion  Counsel  in  1855  and  1856;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1857,  1863,  and  1864; 
•was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to 
the  Forty-seventh.  Forty-eighth  and  Forty -ninth 
Congresses. 

Ransier,  Alonzo  J.;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  January,  1834;  was  self-educated; 
was  employed  as  shipping-clerk;  was  one  of  the  fore 
most  in  the  work  of  Reconstruction  in  1865;  was  a 
member  of  a  "  Convention  of  the  Friends  of  Equal 
Rights"  in  October,  1865,  at  Charleston,  and  was 
deputed  to  present  the  memorial  there  framed  to 
Congress;  was  elected  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1868;  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1868; 
was  Chairman  of  the  State  Republican  Committee, 
which  position  he  held  until  1872;  was  elected  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  Lieutenant-Governor 
in  1870;  was  President  of  the  Convention  at  Columbia 
in  1871;  was  a  Vice-President  of  the  "  Philadelphia 
Convention  "  in  1872;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Ransom,  Epaphroditus  ;  was  born  in  Massa 
chusetts;  received  a  collegiate  education;  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native  State;  re 
moved  to  Michigan  about  the  time  that  it  became  a 
State  and  settled  at  Kalamazoo;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature;  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  where  his  field  of  labor  was  very  extensive; 
subsequently,  taking  a  special  interest  in  the  build 
ing  of  plank  roads  in  his  section  of  country,  became 
involved,  and  in  that  manner  lost  the  bulk  of  his 
property;  resigned  his  Judgeship  in  1845;  from  1847 
to  1849  was  Governor  of  the  State;  afterwards  made 
himself  useful  to  the  State  by  acting  as  President  of 
the  Michigan  Agricultural  Society;  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office 
for  one  of  the  districts  of  Kansas,  and  died  there  be 
fore  the  expiration  of  his  term.  He  was  a  man  of 
sound  sense,  and  left  a  worthy  reputation  in  Michi 
gan  ;  was,  on  several  occasions,  appointed  a  Regent  of 
the  State  University. 

Ransom,  Mathew  W.;  was  born  in  Warren 
County,  North  Carolina,  October  8,  1826;  received  an 
academic  education;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1847;  studied  law  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1847;  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  North 
Carolina  in  1852,  and  resigned  in  1855;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  in  1858,  1859,  and  1860;  was  a 
Peace  Commissioner  from  the  State  to  the  Congress 
of  Southern  States  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  in 
1861;  entered  the  Confederate  Army;  was  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  Brigadier-General,  and  Major-General,  and 
surrendered  at  Appomattox;  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  in  1872  for  the  term  ending  in 
1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Patents,  Politi 


cal  Disabilities,  Revision  of  Laws,  and  Military 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  of  six  years,  in 
1876,  and  again  re-elected  in  1883. 

Rantoul,  Robert;  was  born  in  Beverly,  Massa 
chusetts.  May  13,  1805;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1826,  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1827,  and  settled  in  practice  at  South  Reading; 
removed  to  Gloucester  in  1832;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1834,  and  in  1837  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education;  in  1838  re 
moved  to  Boston;  in  1843  was  appointed  Collector  of 
that  port;  in  1845  was  appointed,  by  President  Polk, 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Massachusetts; 
in  1851  succeeded  Mr.  Webster  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  but  remained  there  only  a  short  time;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Washington,  August  7, 
1852.  His  writings  have  since  been  published  in  a 
large  volume. 

Rapier,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Florence,  Ala 
bama,  in  1840;  was  educated  in  Canada;  was  ap 
pointed  Notary  Public  in  1866;  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Republican  Convention  held  in  Alabama;  repre 
sented  Lauderdale  County  in  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  in  1867;  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Internal 
Revenue  in  1871;  was  State  Commissioner  to  the 
Vienna  Exposition  in  1873;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Educa 
tion  and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Rariden,  James ;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
was  an  early  settler  of  the  White  Water  Valley,  In 
diana;  was  self-educated ;  became  eminent  as  a  law 
yer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  at  Cambridge  City  in  that 
State. 

Rathbun,  George;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Raum,  Green  B.;  was  born  in  Golconda,  Pope 
County,  Illinois,  December  3,  1829;  received  a  good 
education  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law ;  in  , 
1861  participated  in  the  war  for  the  Union  as  Major 
of  the  Fifty-sixth  Illinois  Volunteers;  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1862;  to  the  rank  of  Brevet 
Brigadier-General  in  1864;  to  the  full  rank  of  Briga 
dier  in  1865,  serving  in  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee 
until  January  of  the  latter  year;  commanded  a  brig 
ade  with  General  McPherson  during  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg;  went  with  General  Sherman  to  Chatta 
nooga  in  1863,  commanding  a  brigade;  was  at  the 
battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  and  commanded  a  brigade 
during  the  great  march  through  Georgia  in  1864;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Mileage,  and  Military  Affairs;  was  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue  from  1876  to  1883,  when  he  resigned 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  Washington 
City. 

Rawlins,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Galena,  Illinois, 
February  13,  1831;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854;  from  the 
outset  of  the  Rebellion  he  espoused  the  Union  cause; 
went  upon  the  staff  of  his  personal  friend,  General 
Grant,  as  Assistant  Adjutant-General;  after  seeing 
much  service  in  the  field,  rose,  by  degrees,  to  the 
rank  of  Major-General  by  brevet,  commissioned  as 
such  March  13,  1865;  served  as  Chief  of  Staff  to  the 
General  commanding  the  armies;  on  the  accession  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


413: 


General  Grant  to  the  Presidency,  General  Raw!  ins 
: ;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War.     Died  in  Washing 
ton,  September  6,  1869. 

Ray,  George  "W". ;  was  born  at  Otselic,  Chenango 
County,  New  York,  February  3,  1844;  received  an 
academic  education;  served  in  the  Union  Army  dur 
ing  the  war  of  the  Rebellion;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Norwich,  New  York;  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Republican  County  Committee  for  several 
years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  State  Con 
vention  in  1880;  a  member  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee  in  1880  and  1881 ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress.  • 

Ray,  James  B. ;  was  Governor  of  Indiana  from 
1825  to  1831. 

Ray,  Ossian ;  was  born  at  Hinesburg,  Vermont, 
December  13,  1835;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  removed  to  Lancaster,  New  Hampshire, 
in  1854;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  commenced 
practice  in  1857;  was  Solicitor  for  Coos  County  from 
1862  to  1872;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1868  and  1869;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Repub 
lican  National  Convention  of  1872;  was  United  States 
District  Attorney  in  1879  and  1880;  resigned  to  take 
his  seat  as  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Evarts  W.  Farr;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Ray,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Dutchess  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  December  14,  1812;  removed  to  Oneida 
County  in  1813,  and  in  1834  to  Illinois;  received  a 
common  school  education  ;  was  a  merchant  and 
banker;  in  1869  was  appointed  one  of  the  Board  of 
Equalizers;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Raymond,  Henry  J.;  was  born  at  Lima,  Liv 
ingston  County,  New  York,  January  24,  1820;  as  a 
boy  worked  upon  his  father's  farm  in  summer,  and 
attended  school  in  winter;  became  a  teacher  in  a  dis 
trict  school  when  sixteen  years  of  age;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  1840;  soon  afterwards 
removed  to  New  York  City;  while  studying  law, 
taught  the  classics  and  wrote  for  the  Neio  Yorker;  in 
1841  became  the  managing  editor  of  the  New  York 
Tribune,  and  did  much  for  its  reputation;  subse 
quently  became  the  leading  editor  of  the  New  York 
Courier  and  Enquirer,  performing  at  the  same  time 
the  duties  of  reader  for  the  firm  of  Harper  Brothers; 
in  1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly;  was  re- 
elected  and  made  Speaker;  relinquishing  his  position 
on  the  Courier  on  account  of  his  health,  traveled  in 
Europe;  on  his  return,  in  1851,  established  the  New 
York  Times,  which  was  eminently  successful ;  in  1852 
attended  the  "Baltimore  Convention  "  as  a  reporter, 
but  became  a  delegate,  and  took  an  important  part 
in  its  proceedings;  in  1856  became  a  leader  in  the 
Republican  party ;  was  subsequently  chosen  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor  of  New  York;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Chicago  Convention  "  of  1869;  was  again  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations, 
on  Rules,  and  Foreign  Affairs,  and  as  Chairman  of  a 
Special  Committee  on  the  Ventilation  of  the  Hall  of 
Representatives;  visited  Europe  a  second  time,  and 
wrote  a  series  of  war  letters,  which  attracted  much 
attention:  in  1885  published  a  '.'Life  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,"  including  a  history  of  his  administration, 
which  was  subsequently  amplified  and  published  as| 
the  ''  Life.  Public  Services,  and  State  Papers  of  Abra- 


ham  Lincoln";  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  National  Convention  "  of  1866.  Died  in  New  York, 
June  18,  1869. 

Raymond,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Lockport, 
New  York,  December  5,  1844;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  removed  to  Tazewell  County,  Illinois,  in  1853; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  throughout  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  in  1865  re 
moved  to  Mississippi  and  published  the  Mississippi 
Pilot,  at  Jackson,  in  that  State;  in  1877  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Territory  of 
Dakota,  and  served  five  years,  declining  a  re-appoint 
ment;  was  elected  the  Delegate  from  Dakota  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress.  Died  December  27,  1885. 

Rayner,  Kenneth ;  was  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina,  May  2,  1810;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  but  did  not  practice;  entered 
public  life  in  1835  as  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  and  the  same  year  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution ;  served 
again  in  the  local  Legislature  in  1836  and  1838;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1839  to  1845,  and 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  in  1846,  for  the  third 
time,  went  into  the  Legislature;  in  1866  published 
the  ''Life  and  Services  of  Andrew  Johnson";  in 
June,  1877,  was  appointed  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States.  Died  at  Washington,*Febru- 
ary  5,  1884. 

Rea,  David ;  was  born  in  Ripley  County,  Indi 
ana,  January  19,  1831 ;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1842,  and  settled  at 
Savannah;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1862;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Rea,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1803  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1813  to"  1315. 

Read,  Almon  H.;  was  born  in  Shelburne,  Ver 
mont,  June  12,  1790;  graduated  at  Williamstown 
College;  studied  law;  removing  to  Pennsylvania  was 
frequently  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  also  to 
the  Senate;  in  1840  was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the 
State;  in  1841  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives,  and  re-elected  to 
the  succeeding  Congress:  was  a  member  of  the  "  State 
Constitutional  Convention"  of  1836.  Died  at  Mon- 
trose,  Pennsylvania,  June  3,  1844. 

Read,  George  ;  was  born  in  Cecil  County,  Mary 
land,  in  1733;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  New 
Castle  County,  Delaware;  was  educated  for  the  law, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Philadelphia  at  the  age 
of  nineteen,  and  practiced  his  profession  in  New 
Castle;  was  made  Attorney-General  of  the  three 
lower  counties  on  the  Delaware  in  1763,  and  held  the 
office  until  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Congress  in 
1775;  in  1776  >vas  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence;  was  President  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  first  Constitution  of  Delaware;  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and  signed  that  instrument;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  serv 
ing  from  1789  to  1793;  was  then  appointed  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Delaware,  in  which 
office  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1798;  was  one 
of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Govern 
ment  on  the  Potomac. 

Read,  J.;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Continental  Congress  in  1787  and  1788. 


414 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALb. 


Read,  Jacob  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1783  to  1786 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State  foi 
the  term  from  1795  to  1802,  serving  a  short  time  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  that  body;  in  1801  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Adams,  Judge  of  the  Unitec 
States  District  Court  of  South  Carolina. 

Bead,  John  Meredith ;  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1837;  son  of  the  eminent  Judge  bearing  the 
same  name;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1858 
at  the  Albany  Law  School  in  1859;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Philadelphia,  but  settled  in  Albany,  New 
York;  was  Adjutant-General  of  New  York  during  the 
Rebellion;  Trustee  of  Cornell  University;  was  the 
author  of  a  work  on  "  Plants  and  Animals,"  one  on 
"  Hendrick  Hudson, "  and  also  of  many  miscellaneous 
writings;  was  Consul-General  at  Paris;  in  1873  wa 
appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Greece. 

Read,  Lazarus  H.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Utah;  in  1853  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Read,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  Essex  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1760;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1781,  and,  two  years  afterwards,  officiated  as  tutor 
in  that  institution;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  fr.om  Massachusetts  from  1800  to  1803,  having 
succeeded  S.  Seawell;  removed  to'Hallowell,  Maine, 
and  was,  for  many  years,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas;  was  devoted  to  science,  and  a  petitioner 
for  a  patent  for  an  invention  before  the  Patent  Laws 
were  enacted;  before  the  time  of  Fulton's  experi 
ments,  had  tried  the  effect  of  steam  upon  a  boat  in 
Wenham  Pond.  Died  at  Hallo  well,  Maine,  Jan 
uary  20,1849. 

Read.  Thomas  B.;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi  from  1826  to  1827,  and  also  during 
the  session  of  1829.  Died  suddenly  at  Lexington. 
Kentucky,  November  26,  1829,  while  on  his  way  to 
Washington.  He  was  in  the  meridian  of  life,  and  a 
man  of  talent. 

Read,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Hardin  County 
Kentucky,  December  14,  1820;  studied  law  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  appointed  Visitor  to  West 
Point  in  1856;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
Kentucky  in  1857,  and  again  in  1861;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  National  Democratic  Conventions  of 
Charleston  and  Baltimore  in  1860,  and  of  Chicago  in 
1864;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in 
867;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  and  Forty- 
third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Reade,  Ed-win  GK;  was  born  in  Orange  County 
North  Carolina,  November  13,  1812;  received  a  liberal 
education jstudied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
836,  in  Person  County,  North  Carolina,  and  engaged 
in  a  lucrative  practice;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1855,  serving  until  1857;  was  a  mem 
ber  and  President  of  the  "  Reconstruction  Conven 
tion,"  held  in  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  in  1865. 

Reading,  John  R.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
County,  Pennsylvania;  November  1,  1826-  graduated 
at  the  Jeuerson  Medical  College,  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  medicine;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first  Congress 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Militia  and  Re' 
trench  ment. 

Ready  Charles;  was  born  at  Ready ville, 
Kutherford  County,  Tennessee,  December  •?>  1802- 
graduated  at  Greenville  College,  and  received  from 


the  Nashville  University  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts;  was  bred  a  lawyer,  and  practiced  his  profession 
with  success;  was  a  member  of  the  Tennessee  Legis 
lature  in  1835,  and  closely  identified  with  the  or 
ganization  of  the  Judiciary;  by  special  commission 
twice  presided  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennessee; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  in  1853,  to  which  position  he  was  twice  re- 
elected,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary;  he  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Reagan,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Sevier  County, 
Tennessee,  October  8,  1818;  became  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  appointed  Deputy  Surveyor  "in  the 
Republic  of  Texas  in  1840;  in  1843  was  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  and  a  Militia  Captain;  in  1846,  Probate 
Judge  and  Colonel  of  Militia;  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1847;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Dis 
trict  Court  from  1852  to  1857;  in  1856  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Post  Office  Department;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress;  withdrew  in  February,  1861, 
and  became  Postmaster-General  of  the  Confederate 
Government;  was  subsequently  confined  as  a  Prisoner 
of  State  in  Fort  Warren;  was  released  by  order  of 
President  Johnson;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -fourth 
Congress  as  a  Representative  from  Texas,  and  w:is 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. ' 

Reavis,  Isaac;  was  born  in  Illinois;  removed 
to  Nebraska;  was  appointed  from  that  Territory 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court 
for  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  residing  in  Arizona 
City. 

Rector,  Henry  M.;  was  Governor  of  Arkansas 
from  1860  to  1864. 

Reding,  John  R.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1841  to  1845;  from  1853  to  1858  held  the 
office  of  Naval  Storekeeper  at  Portsmouth. 

Reed,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Reed,  Edward  C.;  was  born  in  Fitzwilliam 
New  Hampshire,  March  8,  1793;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1812;  settled  at  Homer,  New  York, 
as  a  lawyer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from' 
New  York  from  1831  to  1833. 

Reed,  Isaac  ;  was  born  in  Waldoborough,  Maine, 
in  1810;  was  a  merchant  by  occupation;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1852  to  1853 
served  six  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  State 
Treasurer  in  1856;  was  President  of  the  Waldobor 
ough  Bank. 

Reed,  John;  was  born  in  Plymouth  County, 
Massachusetts ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1772- 
was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  in  1780,  and 
settled  at  West  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  17!)5 
101.  Died  February  17,  1831,  aged  eighty  years. 

Reed,  John ;  was  born  at  Bridgewater,  Massa- 
m  1781;  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  Univers- 
03;  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Represent- 
itive  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1813  to 
817,  and  again  from  1821  to  1841;  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  from  1844  to  1851.     Died 
at  Bridgewater,  November  25,  1860 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


415 


Reed,  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  August 
-27,  1741;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1757; 
studied  law  at  the  Temple  in  London;  in  1774  was 
one  of  the  Committee  of  Correspondence  in  Philadel 
phia;  was  President  of  the  first  popular  convention 
in  Pennsylvania;  accompanied  Washington  as  an  Aid 
when  he  went  to  Cambridge,  and  remained  with  him 
through  the  campaign;  in  1776  was  appointed  Adju 
tant-General  of  the  army;  was  appointed  a  General 
of  Cavalry,  but  declined  the  position,  though  he  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Germantown;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1778,  and  a 
signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  President 
of  Pennsylvania  in  the  latter  year,  continuing  in  the 
office  until  1781.  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law;  in  1784  visited  England  for  his  health,  but 
without  beneficial  results.  Died  March  4. 1785.  An 
attempt  was  made,  by  the  British,  to  bribe  him,  but 
it  was  treated  with  the  utmost  scorn. 

Reed,  Philip ;  was  born  in  Kent  County,  Mary 
land;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from 
1806  to  1813;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1822  to  1823,  having 
successfully  contested  the  seat  of  Jeremiah  Causden. 
Died  November  2,  1829. 

Reed,  Robert  R.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania: 
studied  medicine  and  practiced  the  profession ;  served 
one  or  two  terms  in  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1851.  Died  at  Harrisburg,  December 
15,  1864. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  at  Portland,  Maine, 
October  18,  1839;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1860;  studied  law;  was  Acting  Assistant  Paymaster 
United  States  Navy  in  1864  and  1865;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1865  and  commenced  practice  at  Port 
land;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1868  and  1869,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1870;  was 
Attorney-General  of  the  State  from  1870  to  1872;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Reed,  "William  ;  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts; 
an  eminent  merchant,  and  highly  esteemed  for  his 
benevolent  and  religious  character;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1811  to  1815;  was 
President  of  the  Sabbath-school  Union  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  of  the  American  Tract  Society;  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  American  Education  Society;  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Andover,  and  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Dart 
mouth  College ;  besides  liberal  bequests  to  heirs  and 
relatives,  he  left  $68,000  to  benevolent  objects,  of 
which  $17.000  were  to  Dartmouth  College,  $10,000  to 
Amherst  College,  $10,000  to  the  Board  of  Commis 
sioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  $9,000  to  the  First 
Church  and  Society  in  Marblehead,  $7,000  to  the 
Second  Congregational  Church  at  Marblehead,  and 
$5,000  to  the  Library  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Andover.  Died  at  Marblehead,  February  18,  1837, 
very  suddenly,  while  attending  a  Sabbath-school 
meeting. 

Reed,  "William  Bradford ;  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  June  30,  1806 ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1822;  was  Attorney-General  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1838;  w  as  United  States  Minister  to 
China  in  1857  and  1858.  and  negotiated  the  Treaty 
ratified  in  1861;  was  the  author  of  "  Life  and  Corres 
pondence  of  Joseph  Reed,"  "  Life  of  Esther  Reed," 
"  Vindication  of  Joseph  Reed,"  in  reply  to  Bancroft's 
History,  in  several  pamphlets;  edited  the  posthumus 


works  of  his  brother  Henry,  and  published  a  large 
number  of  historical  addresses  and  political  pam 
phlets;  also  contributed  to  the  American  Quarterly, 
and  North  American  Review;  passed  the  latter  years 
of  his  life  in  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  died 
February  18,  1886. 

Reese,  David  A.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from 
1853  to  1855. 

Reese,  Seaborn ;  was  born  at  Madison,  Georgia, 
November  28,  1846;  was  educated  partly  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  leaving  that  institution  in  his 
senior  year,  1868;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
1869;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  for  the  term  of  two  years;  was  So 
licitor-General  of  the  Northern  Judicial  Circuit  from 
1877  to  1880;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Georgia  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  A.  H.  Stephens;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Reeves,  Henry  A.;  was  born  in  Sag  Harbor, 
Long  Island,  in  1833 ;  after  going  through  a  course  oi 
studies  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  graduated  at 
Union  College,  New  York,  in  1852;  taught  school  for 
two  years;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  in  1857;  in  1858  purchased  the 
Republican  Watchman,  published  at  Greenport,  Long 
Island,  and  edited  the  same;  in  1861  was  arrested,  by 
order  of  Secretary  Seward,  and  confined  for  five  weeks 
in  Fort  Lafayette,  for  alleged  disloyalty;  in  1868  waa 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  For 
ty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agri 
culture,  and  Navy  Department. 

Reid,  David  S.;  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  North  Carolina,  April  19,  1813;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1834;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1835,  and  served  continu 
ously  until  1842;  in  1843  was  elected  a  jRepresenta- 
tive  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina;  was  reflected 
in  1845;  in  1850  was  elected  Governor  of  North  Caro 
lina;  was  re-elected  in  1852,  serving  until  1855, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  four 
years;  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents 
and  the  Patent  Office,  and  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace 
Congress"  of  1861. 

Reid,  James  W.;  was  born  at  Wentworl h, 
Rockingham  County,  North  Carolina,  June  11,  1849; 
attended  academic  schools  at  Winston,  Went  worth, 
and  Thomasville,  North  Carolina;  labored  on  a  farm 
two  years:  passed  through  the  sophomore  rear  at 
Trinity  College,  North  Carolina;  completed  his  edu 
cation  while  student-tutor  at  Emory  and  Henry  Col 
lege,  Virginia,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  June,  1869;  read  law  while  teaching  school;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Wentworth;  was  elected  County 
Treasurer  of  Rockingham  County,  North  Carolina,  in 
1874.  and  was  continuously  re-elected  until  Novem 
ber,  1884;  was  Secretary,  and  Chairman  in  1884,  of  the 
Democratic  Executive  Committee  of  Rockingham 
County  for  ten  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress;  in- 
January,  1855,  at  a  special  election,  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  Alfred  M.  Scales. 

Reid,  John  "W.;  was  born  at  Lynchburg,  Vir 
ginia,  June  14,  1821 ;  received  a  good  English  educa 
tion;  removed  to  Missouri  in  1840;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1844 ;  served  with  credit  in  the 


416 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Mexican  War,  in  1846,  as  Captain  of  a  company  of 
mounted  volunteers,  with  Colonel  Doniphan;  settled 
in  Jackson  County,  practicing  his  profession;  served 
two  sessions  in  the  Missouri  Legislature;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty  -seventh 
Congress;  was  expelled  from  the  House  in  December, 
1861. 

%Reid,  Robert  R.;  was  born  in  Beaufort  District, 
South  Carolina,  in  1789;  removed  early  in  life  to 
Georgia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1818  to  1823;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Au 
gusta  on  his  retirement  from  Congress;  was  also  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Georgia;  in  183:2  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  District  Judge  for 
Eastern  Florida;  was  appointed,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Florida  from 
18.".!)  to  1841;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  a  State  Constitution  for  Florida,  over  which 
body  he  presided  in  a  creditable  manner.  Died  near 
Tallahassee,  July  1.  1844. 

Reilly,  James  B.  ;  was  born  in  Schuylkill  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  August  12,  1845;  graduated  at 
Pottsville  High  School;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  18(59;  was  elected  District  Attorney 
in  1871,  and  served  in  that  office  until  1875;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Reilly,  John  ;  was  born  at  'Abnerville,  Indiana 
County,  Pennsylvania,  February  22,  1836;  received  a 
common  school  education;  was  clerk  in  a  country 
store  from  the  age  of  sixteen  until  eighteen;  in  18f>4 
entered  the  service  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
Company  in  the  Engineer  Corps;  filled  various  minor 
positions  until  1865,  when  he  was  appointed  Superin 
tendent  of  Transportation  ;  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  City  Commissioners  of  Altoona  in  1867  and 
18;'i8;  was  President  of  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad  Com 
pany  during  1872  and  1873,  and  was  also  connected 
with  the  manufacturing  and  mining  interests  of  the 
State;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Reilly,  "Wilson;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  fol 
lowed,  for  a  time,  the  business  of  a  hatter;  in  '1857 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Patents;  was  afterwards  devoted  to  the  practice  of 
law. 

Reily,  Luther  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania-  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  'from 
1837  to  1839. 

Relfe,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia-  settled 
in  Missouri  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1843  to  1847. 


r..  Abraham;  was  born  in  Wake  County 
<-  lma;  "*  I822  gradated  at  the  University 

of  that  State;  practiced  law  for  a  time,  but  taking 
an  interest  in  politics  was  elected  to  Congress  where 
he  served  from  182!)  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  t, 
1843;  was  Charge  d'Affaim'to  Portugal  in  1843  Us 

'  Governor  <*  ^ 


Revels  Hiram  R.;  was  born  in  Fayetteville 
North  Caro  Una,  September  1,  1822,  of  African  £ 
scent;  deam  to  obtain  an  educat'i  re^/J, 

iana;  spent  some  time  at  the  Quaker  Seminary  in 
mon  County,  and  at  the  Clark  County  Seminary 
when  he  became  a  preacher;  at  the  breaking  out  of 
war  assisted   m   the  organization   of   the  first 


colored  regiments  in  Maryland  and  Missouri;  taught 
school  in  St.  Louis;  then  went  to  Vicksburg  and  as 
sisted  in  managing  the  freedmen's  affairs;  followed 
the  army  to  Jackson;  organized  churches,  and 
lectured;  spent  the  next  two  years  in  Kansas  and 
Missouri,  preaching  and  lecturing;  returned  to  Mis 
sissippi,  and  settled  at  Natchez ;  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  City  Council;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi,  from  February,  1870,  to  March, 
1871,  having  been  the  first  of  his  race  elected  to  that 
position;  subsequently  became  a  preacher  in  the 
Methodist  church,  and  was  quite  successful. 

Reynolds,  Gideon;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1847  to  1851. 

Reynolds,  James  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1823  to  1825. 

Reynolds,  John ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  February  26,  1789,  of  Irish 
parents,  who  landed  in  Philadelphia  in  1786;  was  a 
member  of  a  company  of  scouts  in  the  campaigns 
against  the  Indians,  in  1812  and  1813;  practiced  law 
at  Cahokia;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Illinois  in  1818:  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  1826  to  1830,  1846  to  1848,  1852  to  1854;  served 
during  the  last  term  as  Speaker;  was  Governor  of 
Illinois  from  183')  to  1834;  commanded  the  Illinois 
Volunteers  during  the  Black  Hawk  War  in  1832;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1837,  and 
from  1839  to  1843:  published  "Pioneer  History  of 
Illinois,"  in  1848;  "  Glance  at  the  Crystal  Palace, 
and  Sketches  of  Travel,"  in  1854;  "My  Life  and 
Times, ' '  in  1855,  and  at  one  time  conducted  the  Belle 
ville  Eagle,  a  daily  paper.  Died  at  Belleville,  Illi 
nois,  May  8,  1865. 

Reynolds,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Moreau.  Sara 
toga  County,  New  York,  June  21,  1819;  received  his 
education  at  the  academies  of  Evansville,  Sandy 
Hill,  and  Kinderhook,  New  York,  and  was  also  at 
Bennington.  Vermont;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by 
President  Pierce,  Postmaster  at  Albany,  New  York; 
was  removed  in  1854,  for  insubordination  as  a  party 
man;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  a  Judgeof  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
New  York,  and  also  a  Commissioner  of  Appeals. 
Died  at  Kinderhook,  September  24,  1875. 

Reynolds,  Joseph;  was  born  in  New  York- 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  18:55  to  1837;  also  served  in  the  Assembly  of 
that  State  in  1819. 

Reynolds,  Robert  M.;  was  born  in  Mns- 
kingum  County,  Ohio,  August  30,  1826;  received  a 
classical  education;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1847  and 
to  Iowa  in  1851;  was  Principal  of  an  Academy'  and 
leacherof  Mathematics  for  ten  years;  studied  law 
]  enlisted  in  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  in  1861-  became  a 
1  veteran  b7  re-enlistment  in  1864;  was  three  times 
wounded  m  action;  was  mustered  out  of  service  as  a 
Captain  in  1865;  in  that  year  settled  in  Alabama- 
wa^  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1867;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Montgomery, 
Alabama;  in  1868  was  elected  Auditor  of  the  State 
I  and  served  more  than  four  years;  was  Minister  Resi- 
?®S*  ol  thc  United  States  to  Bolivia  from  1874  to 
TT  •*  ,1!L  8  WaS  aPP°intef1  First  Auditor  of  th» 
United  States  Treasury  at  Washington. 


PENSION  BUREAU  BUILDING, 
WASHINGTON. 


MANOR  HOUSE  (THE  HOME  OF  WASHINGTON) 

MT.  VERNON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


417 


Reynolds,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Bracken  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  March  12,  1796;  studied  law,  and 
settled  in  Illinois  when  quite  young;  was  Clerk  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives;  was  afterwards 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  and  made 
Speaker;  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State;  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1828  removed  to  Missouri, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
President  Judge  of  a  Court  of  Justice ;  was  Governor 
of  Missouri  from  1840  to  1844:  became  a  monomaniac, 
and  committed  suicide,  at  Jefferson  City,  February, 
9, 1844. 

Rhea,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1803  to  1815,  and  from  1817  to 
1823;  in  1816  was  appointed  United  States  Com 
missioner  to  treat  with  the  Choctaws.  Died  May  27, 
1832,  aged  seventy -nine  years. 

Rhett,  Robert  Barnwell;  was  born  in  Beau 
fort,  South  Carolina,  December  24,  1800;  received  a 
liberal  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  in  1826  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1832  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1838  to 
1849;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  during  the  years 
1850,  1851,  and  a  part  of  1852.  resigning  contrary  to 
the  wishes  of  his  State;  he  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  man  who  proposed,  and  advocated  on  the  floor 
of  Congress,  a  dissolution  of  the  Union ;  took  part  in 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of  the  Confed 
erate  Congress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Con 
vention  of  1868. 

Rhodes,  Samuel ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to 
1775. 

Ricaud,  James  B.;  was  born  at  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  February  11,  1808:  graduated  at  WTash- 
ington  College,  Maryland;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of 
Maryland  in  1834.  and  of  the  State  Senate  of  Mary 
land  from  1836  to  1844.  inclusive;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1836  and  1844;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and  also  on  that 
for  Investigating  the  Accounts  of  a  late  Clerk  of  the 
House;  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Maryland  Senate, 
and  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court.  Died 
at  Chestertown,  Maryland,  January  24,  1866. 

Rice,  Alexander  H.;  was  born  in  Newton, 
Massachusetts,  in  August,  1818;  received  a  common 
school  education;  served  in  his  father's  paper  mill  as 
a  clerk  while  yet  a  mere  boy;  subsequently  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College  in  1844,  after  which  he  en 
tered,  on  his  own  account,  into  the  paper  business; 
in  1853  was  elected  to  the  Common  Council  of  Bos 
ton,  and  became  the  President  of  that  body;  was 
Mayor  of  Boston  in  1856  and  1857;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty- 
Bixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs,  in  which  capacity  he  introduced  a 
large  number  of  important  measures;  was  also  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Unfinished  Business,  and  Naval  Af 
fairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866,  and  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1868;  was  subsequently  elected  Mayor  of  Boston; 
was  Governor  of  Massachusetts  from  1876  to  1879. 

27 


Rice,  Americus  V.;  was  born  in  Perry ville, 
Ashland  County,  Ohio,  November  18, 1835;  graduated 
at  Union  College,  New  York,  in  1860;  served  in  the 
war  for  the  Union  from  1861  to  1865,  entering  as  a 
private  and  coming  out  as  a  Brigadier-General ;  was 
wounded  a  number  of  times,  and  lost  his  right  leg  in 
Georgia;  in  1864  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  home 
vote,  but  was  defeated  by  the  soldiers'  vote,  in  1868 
became  manager  of  a  banking  house  in  Ottawa,  Ohio; 
in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Rice,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  East  Otto, 
Cattaraugus  County,  New  York,  May  26,  1828;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  taught  school  for  sev 
eral  winters;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  at 
Twine,  Kentucky;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1865;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856; 
removed  to  Minnesota  in  1860;  entered  the  Volun 
teer  Army  in  1861  as  a  private;  was  made  Captain; 
served  as  such  during  the  war,  declining  several 
offers  of  promotion ;  after  the  war  settled  at  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas;  practiced  law  there,  and  organized 
the  Republican  party  in  that  State;  in  1868  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Arkansas,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  JJistrict  of  Columbia,  the  Pacific  Railway, 
and  the  Judiciary. 

Rice,  Edward  Y.;  was  born  in  Logan  County, 
Kentucky,  February  8,  1820;  educated  at  Shurtleff 
College;  studied  law;  in  1847  was  elected  County 
Recorder  of  Montgomery  County,  Illinois;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1849;  was  elected 
Judge  of  Montgomery  County,  and  served  two  years; 
was  appointed  Master  in  Chancery  from  1853  until 
1857,  when  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Eighteenth 
Circuit  of  Illinois;  was  re-elected  in  1861,  and  in 
1867;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  Illinois  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions. 

Rice,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Waitsfield,  Ver 
mont,  November  29,  1816;  emigrated  to  Michigan  in 
1835,  when  it  was  a  Territory,  and  was  employed  in 
making  surveys  of  the  Kalamazoo  and  Grand  Rivers, 
and  also  for  a  ship  canal  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Su 
perior;  after  that  time  lived  in  three  other  Territor 
ies,  viz. :  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota, — much  of 
his  life  being  spent  among  the  wild  Indian  tribes  of 
the  Northwest;  in  1839  was  appointed  a  Sutler  in 
the  army;  was  employed  as  Commissioner  in  making 
many  Indian  treaties  of  great  importance;  in  1853 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  Minnesota; 
was  re-elected  in  1855;  having  secured  the  passage  of 
the  act  authorizing  the  people  of  Minnesota  to  form 
a  State  Constitution;  in  1857  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Minnesota  for  the  term  of  six  years; 
at  the  commencement  of  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  on  Post  Offices 
and  Post  Roads;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
''National  Union  Convention"  of  1866;  was  one  of 
the  original  proprietors  of  St.  Paul  and  Bayfield; 
when  in  Congress  was  a  member  of  the  famous  Peace 
Committee  of  1861. 

Rice,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Easton,  Maryland, 
in  1809;  received  a  common  school  education;  re 
moved  to  Chicago,  Illinois;  was  an  actor  and  man 
ager  of  a  theatre  until  1857;  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Chicago  in  1865;  re-elected  in  1867;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty -third  Congress;  was  appointed  Librarian 
of  the  House  of  Representatives.  Died  in  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  December  17,  1 874. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Rice,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Fremont,  Ohio 
adopted  the  medical  profession;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  as  Assistant-Surgeon.  Surgeon,  and  Surgeon 
in-Chief  of  a  Division  during  the  War  of  the  Rebel 
lion;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Rice,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Mount  Vernon,  Ken 
nfcbec  County.  Maine,  February  5.  1816;  received  a 
good  common  school  education;  bet  wee"  the  year.' 
1832  and  18.J8  held  a  variety  of  local  offices  at  Au 
gusta;  devoted  some  attention  to  the  study  of  law 
served  as  a  Staff  Officer  during  the  troubles  connected 
with  the  northeastern  boundary;  in  1840  was  ap 
pointed  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Kennebec  County;  in  1842 
settled  in  Piscataquis  County,  and  devoted  himselt 
to  the  lumbering  business  until  1848:  subsequently 
practiced  law;  in  1852  was  elected  a  State  Attorney 
for  three  years;  was  re-elected,  and  held  the  office  un 
til  he  was  chosen  a  Representative  from  Maine  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Claims,  and  on  Patents;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman^of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds,  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Terri 
tories,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on 
Frontier  Defenses;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  continuing  on  the  same  Committees;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Con 
vention  "  of  1866;  in  February,  1867,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Ban- 
gor,  Maine. 

Rice,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Floyd  County,  Ken 
tucky;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in  1859 
and  1867;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Manufactures  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions. 

Rice,  Theron  M.;  was  born  at  Mecca,  Ohio,  Sep 
tember  21,  1829;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  received  an 
academic  education;  taught  school  and  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854  and  commenced 
practice,;  in  1658  removed  to  Missouri;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  rising 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel;  at  the  close  of  the  war  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Tipton.  Missouri;  was 
.  elected  Circuit  Judge  in  1868,  and  served  six  years: 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Rice,  Thomas  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univers 
ity  in  1791;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1813;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1815  to  1819.  Died  in  1854. 

Rice,  William  W.;  was  born  at  Deerfield  Mas 
sachusetts,  March  7,  1826;  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  1«46;  was  Preceptor  in  Leicester  Acad 
emy,  Massachusetts,  for  four  years;  studied  law 
and  commenced  practice  at  Worcester,  Massachu 
setts;  was  Judge  of  Insolvency  for  Worcester  County 
in  1858;  was  Mayor  of  Worcester  in  1860;  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  Middle  District  of  Massachu 
setts  from  1869  to  1874;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth 
Congresses. 

Rich,  Charles  ;  was  born  in  Hampshire  County 
Massachusetts,  in  177J  :  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress  from  Vermont  from  1811  to  1812,  and  again 
from,  1817  to  1824.  Died  at  Shoreham,  Vermont. 
October  15,  1824. 

Rich,  John  T.;  was  born  at  Conneautville,  Penn 
sylvania,  April  23,  1841;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Vermont  in  1846.  and  to  Michigan  in  1848,  set 
tling  at  Elba:  received  an  academic  education;  en 
gaged  in  farming;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Su 
pervisors  of  Lapeer  County ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1872,  1874, 1(S70, 
and  1878.  serving  as  Speaker  during  the  last  two 
terms;  was  State  Senator  in  1880;  resigned  in  1881, 
having  been  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan 
to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  election  of  Omar  D.  Conger  to  the 
United  States  Senate. 

Richard,  G-abriel;  was  born  at  Saintes,  in 
France,  October  15, 1764;  was  educated  at  Angiers; 
received  orders  at  a  C'atholic  Seminary  in  Paris,  in 
1790;  came  to  America  in  1798;  was,  for  a  time,  Pro 
fessor  of  Mathematics  in  St.  Mary's  College,  Mary 
land;  labored  in  Illinois  as  a  missionary  ;  went  to 
Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1799,  whence  he  was  sent  as  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  in  1823;  during  his  ministry  it 
became  his  duty,  according  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
religion,  to  excommunicate  one  of  his  parishioners, 
who  had  been  divorced  from  his  wife;  the  parishioner 
prosecuted  the  priest  for  defamation  of  character, 
which  resulted  in  his  obtaining  a  verdict  of  one  thou 
sand  dollars;  this  money  the  priest  could  not  pay, 
and  he  was,  consequently,  imprisoned  in  the  common 
jail.  As  he  had  already  been  elected  a  Delegate  to 
Congress,  he  went  from  his  prison,  in  the  wilds  of 
Michigan,  to  his  seat  on  the  floor  of  Congress;  in  1809 
visited  Boston,  took  a  printing  press  to  Michigan, 
and  started  a  journal  called  the  Michigan  Essay,  which 
failed  for  want  of  readers  ;  then  published  some 
Roman  Catholic  books,  and  the  Laws  of  the  Terri 
tory,  all  in  French;  in  1812,  after  Hull's  surrender, 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  after  his  release,  finding  his 
people  in  want,  purchased  wheat  and  gave  it  to  the 
destitute.  He  was  master  of  several  languages,  and 
was  a  man  of  superior  ability  and  rare  benevolence. 
Died  at  Detroit,  September  13.  1832. 

Richards,  Jacob  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
jressfrom  Pennsylvania  from  1803  to  1809. 

Richards,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
jress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1797. 

Richards,  John ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1814  and  1815;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1823  to 
1825. 

Richards,  Mark  ;  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  for 
eight  years;  was  County  Sheriff  for  five  years;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1813;  was  a  State  Counselor 
in  1813  and  1815;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
Tom  Vermont  from  1817  to  1821 ;  was  Lieutenant- 
'overnor  of  Vermont  in  1830. 

Richards,  Matthias  ;  was  born  in  1757;  was  a 
Judge  of  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania,  from  1788  to 
1797;  was  a  Representative  in  "Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1807  to  1811.  Died  in  1830. 

Richardson,  David  P.;  was  born  at  Macedon, 
New  York,  May  28,  18:53;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
n  1856;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  18(J4; 
removed  to  Angelica,  New  York,  in  1866,  and  en 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


419 


gaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth 
.and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Richardson,  James  B.;  was  a  native  of  South 
Carolina,  and  Governor  of  that  State  from  1802  to 
1804. 

Richardson,  James  Daniel ;  was  born  in 
Rutherford  County,  Tennessee.  March  10.  1843;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education;  entered  the  Con 
federate  Army  in  1861,  as  a  private;  in  1862  was 
commissioned,  and  made  Adjutant  of  the  Forty-fifth 
Tennessee  Infantry,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  was  wounded  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Resaca,  Georgia,  in  1864;  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to .  practice  at 
Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  in  1866,  and  commenced 
practice  there;  in  1870  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  elected  Speaker  on 
the  first  day  of  the  session ;  in  1872  was  elected  State 
Senator  and  served  two  years;  in  1873.  when  thirty 
years  of  age,  was  made  Grand  Master  of  Masons  for 
the  State  of  Tennessee;  also  became  Grand  High 
Priest  of  the  Grand  Chapter  of  the  State ;  in  1 884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Richardson,  John  Peter ;  was  born  at  Hickory 
Hill,  Sumter  District,  South  Carolina,  April  14,1801: 
graduated  at  South  Carolina  College  in  1819;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1824  to  1836; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1840; 
was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1840  to  1842: 
opposed  the  ordinance  of  Nullification,  and  was  a 
leader  of  the  Union  Party;  in  1850  was  one  of  the 
Delegates-at-large  from  South  Carolina  to  the  South 
ern  Convention;  in  1851  presided  over  the  meeting 
of  the  Southern  Rights  Association  in  Charleston, 
and  opposed  the  separate  secession  of  the  State  in 
1852. 

Richardson.  John  S.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina  in  1777;  was  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  General 
Sessions  and  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  Presiding 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  in  1820,  but  owing  to  some  exigency 
in  his  private  affairs,  was  not  qualified;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  Attorney-General 
lor  the  State  of  South  Carolina.  Died  at  Charleston, 
May  11,  1850. 

Richardson,  John  S.;  was  born  near  Sumter, 
South  Carolina,  February  29,  1828;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1850;  studied  law:  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1852;  settled  at  Sumter  as  a 
lawyer  and  farmer;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
as  a  commissioned  officer  during  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  from  18G5  to  18G7;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1876;  was  de 
feated  as  a  candidate  for  the  Forty -fifth  Congress; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Richardson,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  Billerica, 
Massachusetts,  February  1,  1778;  graduated  at  Dart- 
I  mouth  College  in  1802;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
i  gress  from  Massachusetts  from  1827  to  1831;  was 
'  senior  Pastor  over  the  First  Church  at  Hingham, 
1  .Massachusetts,  for  fifty  years. 

Richardson,  "William  Alexander  ;  was  born 

;  in  Fayette  County,  Kentucky;  graduated  at  the 
;  Transylvania  University;  studied  law.  and  came  to 
\  the  bar  before  attaining  his  twentieth  year,  and  soon 
:  after  settled  in  Illinois;  in  1835  was  elected  State 
;  Attorney;  in  1836  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature; 
jp  1838  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1844  was 


again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  made  Speaker 
of  the  House;  was  also  chosen  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1844;  in  1846  served  as  Captain  in  the  Mexican 
War,  and  on  the  battle-field  of  Buena  Vista  was  pro 
moted  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  regiment;  in 
1847  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Illinois,  where  he  continued  to  serve  by  re-election 
until  1856,  when  he  resigned;  in  1857  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Governor  of  Nebraska, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1858:  in  1860  was 
against  his  consent  again  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives,  but,  in  1863,  before  the  expiration 
of  his  term,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  his  friend,  S.  A.  Douglas,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Territories  and  the  District  of 
Columbia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Conven 
tion  of  1868.  Died  at  Quincy,  Illinois,  December  27, 
1875. 

Richardson,  William  Adams ;  was  born  in 
Tyngsborough,  Massachusetts,  November  2,  1821; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1843:  was  made 
Master  of  Arts  and  Bachelor  of  Laws  at  that  institu 
tion  in  1846,  and  came  to  ihe  bar  in  the  same  year; 
was  at  once  made  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Militia,  and  held  the  office  four  years;  in  1849 
was  chosen  to  the  Common  Council  of  Lowell,  and 
also  in  1853  and  1854.  acting  as  President;  was  iden 
tified  with  several  banking  institutions,  and  Presi 
dent  of  Wamoset  Bank;  in  1855  was  appointed  tore- 
vise  the  Statutes  of  Massachusetts;  subsequently  was 
appointed,  by  the  Legislature,  to  edit  the  annual 
supplements  to  the  General  Statutes,  which  he  con 
tinued  to  do  for  twenty-two  years:  in  1856  became  a 
Judge  of  Probate,  and  two  years  later  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  and  Insolvency,  serving  as  such  for  sixteen 
years:  in  1863  was  made  an  Overseer  of  Harvard  Col 
lege;  in  18(i!>  declined  a  Superior  Court  Judgeship, 
and  became  -Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  De 
partment;  in  1871  went  to  Europe  as  a  Financial  Agent 
for  the  Government;  in  1873  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury;  in  1874  resigned  that  position  to 
accept  a  seat  on  the  Bench  of  the  United  States  Court 
of  Claims;  published,  among  other  things,  "The 
Banking  Laws  of  Massachusetts,"  in  1855,  and 
'•  Practical  Information  Concerning  the  Public  Debt 
of  the  United  States,"  with  the  "  National  Banking 
Laws,''  in  1872;  the  supplement  to  the  Revised  Sta 
tutes  of  the  United  States,  under  appointment  of 
Congress,  in  1881:  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Columbian  University  in  1873,  from  Georgetown  Col 
lege  in  1881,  and  from  Howard  University  in  1882; 
January  20,  1885,  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  of  Claims. 

Richardson,  "William  M.;  was  born  at  Pelharn, 
New  Hampshire,  January  4,  1774;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge  in  1797:  practiced  law  for 
a  few  years  at  Groton,  Massachusetts;  was  a  member 
of  Congress  from  that  State  from  1811  to  1814,  when 
he  resigned;  removed  to  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1814;  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Hampshire  in  1816,  and  dis 
charged  the  duties  of  the  office  for  nearly  twenty-two 
years;  was  a  man  of  distinguished  talents,  great  in 
dustry,  and  extensive  acquirements,  and  highly  re 
spected  for  his  integrity  and  estimable  character; 
was  the  author  of  ''The  New  Hampshire  Justice," 
and  "The  Town  Officer";  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  first  and  second  volumes  of  "The  New 
Hampshire  Reports"  was  drawn  up  by  the  Chief 
Justice;  nearly  all  the  cases  of  the  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  were  furnished  by  him,  and  of  the  matter  for 
perhaps  four  volumes  more,  he  prepared  a  large 
share.  Died  at  Chester,  New  Hampshire,  March  £L 
1838. 


420 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Richmond,  Hiram  H.;  was  born  in  Chautau- 
qua.  New  York,  May  17,  1810;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  studied  medicine  two  years  with  his  father, 
Lawton  Richmond;  entered  Allegheny  College, 
•where  he  remained  two  years;  turned  his  attention 
to  the  study  of  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1838;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  servin 
on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

Richmond,  James  Buchanan ;  was  born  at 
Turkey  Cove,  Virginia;  received  a  limited  education; 
studied  and  practiced  law;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress. 

Richmond,  Jonathan  ;  was  born  in  Bristol, 
Massachusetts  in  1774;  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Western  New  York  in  1813;  was  once  Collector  of 
the  Customs  for  the  United  States;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821. 
Died  at  Cayuga.  New  York,  July  2!),  1853. 

Richmond,  Lewis ;  was  a  resident  of  Rhode 
Island;  in  1884  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
United  States  Minister  to  Portugal,  in  which  position 
he  served  until  April,  1885. 

Riddle,  Albert  G.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
was  a  lawyer  bv  profession;  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  settled 
in  Washington  City  in  1865. 

Riddle,  George  Read ;  was  born  in  Newcastle, 
Delaware,  in  1817;  was  educated  at  Delaware  Col 
lege;  studied  engineering,  and  was  engaged  for  years 
in  locating  and  constructing  railroads  and  canals  in 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia, 
the  last  of  which  was  the  great  work  at  Harper's 
Ferry;  afterwards  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848,  and  was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney- 
General  for  his  native  county,  which  position  he 
held  until  1850,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Delaware  to  the  Thirty-second  Congress ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  ,Engraving,  and  also 
a  Special  Committee  on  the  Peruvian  Guano  Ques 
tion;  in  1849  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor  of  the 
State,  a  Commissioner  on  the  part  of  Delaware  to 
retrace  the  celebrated  "Muson  and  Dixon's  line," 
the  report  of  which  was  printed  by  the  Legislatures 
of  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Maryland  in  1850; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  several  "Democratic  National 
Conventions"  of  1844,  1848.  and  1856;  in  1864  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Delaware,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  District  of  Columbia,  Private  Land  Claims, 
Manufactures,  and  Printing.  Died  in  Washington 
City,  March  29,  1867.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
George  Read,  of  the  Revolution. 

Riddle,  H.  T.;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  in  the  place 
of  Jofen  W.  Head,  who  had  been  previo*»»ij  elected, 
but  died  before  taking  his  seat. 

Riddle,  Haywood  Yancey ;  was  born  at  Van 
Buren,  Tennessee,  June  20,  1834:  graduated  at 
Union  University,  Tennessee,  in  1854,  and  at  the 
Lebanon  Law  School  in  1857;  from  1H65  to  1875  was 
Clerk  and  Master  of  the  Lebanon  Chancery  Court- 
was  then  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  cause  d 
by  the  death  of  S.  M.  Fite;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty -fifth  Congress. 


Riddleberger.  Harrison  Holt;  was  born  at 
Edinburg,  Shenandoah  County,  Virginia,  October  4, 
1844;  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  by 
a  private  tutor;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1862  as  Lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  to  Captain; 
taught  school  and  studied  law  in  1868  and  1869;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1871,  and  again  in  1873;  was  elected  Common  weal  tii 
Attorney  in  1875  and  1879;  in  the  latter  year  was 
elected  State  Senator;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1876  and  1880;  in  1881  was  elected  United  Statea 
Senator  from  Virginia  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4.  1883. 

Ridgeley,  Henry  M.;  was  born  in  1778;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  for  many  years  was  a  dis 
tinguished  member  of  the  Delaware  bar;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1811  to 
1>*15;  filled  a  vacancy  as  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1826  to  1829.  Died  at  his  residence  in  Dover,  Dela 
ware,  August  7,  1847. 

Ridgely,  Richard ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to  1786. 

• 

Ridgeway,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative 
from  Virginia  in  the  Fortieth  Congress.  Died  in 
Amherst  County,  October  16,  1869.  Was  at  one 
time  editor  of  the  Richmond  Whig. 

Ridgway,  Joseph  ;  was  born  on  Staten  Island, 
New  York.  May  <>,  1783:  received  a  limited  educa 
tion;  learned  the  trade  of  a  house  carpenter;  in  1811 
emigrated  to  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  making  fanning  mills;  in  1822  set 
tled  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  established  an  extensive 
iron  foundry,  which  subsequently  became  an  estab 
lishment  for  manufacturing  railroad  carriages;  in 
1828  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1830;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Ohio,  from  1837  to  1843;  failed  in  business  in 
1811,  and  though  exonerated  by  the  bankrupt  law, 
thought  proper,  in  18~>7,  to  pay  up  his  old  debts,  at 
the  rate  of  two  dollars  for  one;  of  seventy  creditors 
he  found  but  four  living,  so  that  he  had  to  search  lor, 
and  pay  the  heirs,  which  occupied  four  months  of 
his  time. 

Riggs,  James  Milton ;  was  born  in  Scott  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  April  17,  1839;  was  reared  on  a  farm; 
received  a  common  school  education,  and  passed  one 
year  at  Eureka  College,  Illinois;  in  1864  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  his  native  county;  in  the  same  year  settled 
in  Winchester,  in  that  county;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1870;  in  1872 
was  elected  State's  Attorney  for  Scott  County,  and 

ved  four  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
[llinois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Riggs,  Jetur  R.;  was  born  in  Morris  County, 
New  Jersey,  June  20,  1809;  studied  medicine;  grad 
uated  at  the  Barclay  Street  Medical  University  of 
New  York;  in  1828  made  an  extensive  sea  voyage; 
practiced  his  profession  from  1832  to  1849;  served 

wo  years  in  the  New  Jersey  Legislature;  spent  one 
or  two  years  in  charge  of  the  hospital  at  Sutter's 
Port,  California;  in  1855  was  elected,  for  three  years, 

o  the  Senate  of  New  Jersey;  in  1858  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 
Died  in  Drakesville,  Sussex  County,  November  5. 
1869. 

Riggs,  Lewis ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  184] 
to  1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Riker,  Samuel ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1784;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1804  to  1805,  and  again 
from  1807  to  1809. 

Ringgold,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1810  to  1815.  and  again 
from  1817  to  1821. 

Ring-old,  Thomas ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Colonial  Congress,  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1765. 

Rings,  Daniel ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
Territory  of  Arkansas;  was  the  first  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  Died  at  Little  Rock, 
September  3,  1873. 

Riotte,  Charles  N.;  was  a  citizen  of  Texas,  and 
Minister  Resident  to  Costa  Rica  from  1861  to  1867. 

Ripley,  Eleazar  "W.;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1800;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Maine  ;  was  Speaker  of  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives  in  1811 ;  acquitted  himself 
with  credit  as  an  officer  in  the  last  war  with  England; 
removed  to  Louisiana,  from  whence  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  serving  from  1835  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  New  Orleans,  March  2, 
1839,  aged  fifty-seven  years, 

Ripley,  James  "W.;  was  a  lawyer;  served  four 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  Maine;  was  an  officer  in 
the  last  war  with  England;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Maine  from  1826  to  1530,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  Passamaquoddy 
District  of  Maine.  Died  in  June,  1835. 

Ripley,  Thomas  C.;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Congress, 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  R.  P.  Herrick,  resigned. 

Risley,  Elijah ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1849  to  1851.  Died  at  Fredonia.  January  9,  1870, 
aged  ninety  years. 

Ritchey,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
settled  in  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1847  to  1849,  and  again 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Ritchie,  David  ;  was  born  at  Canonsburg,  Wash 
ington  County,  Pennsylvania,  August  19.  1812 ; 
graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  1829;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Pittsburgh  in  1835;  received  the  degree 
of  J.  U.  D,  from  the  University  of  Heidelberg,  Ger 
many,  in  1837;  was  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs;  after  leaving  Congress  held  the 
office  of  Judge  for  about  one  year;  while  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  died  at  Pittsburgh. 
January  24,  1867. 

Ritchie,  James  Monroe ;  was  born  at  Dun- 
fermline,  Scotland,  July  28,  1829;  emigrated,  with 
his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1832;  received  a 
limited  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Ritchie,  John ;  was  born  in  Frederick  City, 
Maryland,  August  12,  1831;  educated  at  the  Freder 
ick  Academy;  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  but 
relinquished  it  for  the  law,  attending  the  Law  School 
at  Harvard  College;  in  1854  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 


in  1860  was  elected  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1867 
was  elected  Attorney  for  Frederick  County,  to  serve 
for  four  years  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maryland  to  the  Forty -second  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Ritner,  Joseph;  was  born  in  1779;  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania 
from  1820  to  1827;  was  the  candidate  of  the  Anti- 
Masons  for  Governor  in  1829,  but  was  defeated ;  was 
afterwards  Governor  from  1835  to  1839;  was  an  ad 
vocate  and  promoter  of  public  schools,  and  a  distin 
guished  opponent  of  slavery.  Died  in  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  October  16,  1869. 

Rittenhouse,  David  ;  was  born  near  German- 
town,  Pennsylvania,  April  8,  1732;  while  working  on 
his  father's  farm  at  Norristown,  had  access  to  the 
mathematical  books  of  a  deceased  uncle,  and  thor 
oughly  mastered  Newton's  "Principia":  before  he 
was  nineteen  he  discovered  the  method  of  fluctions, 
and  for  some  time  supposed  it  was  original  with  him 
self;  made  a  clock  before  he  was  seventeen,  without 
instruction,  and  in  1751  applied  himself  to  that  art 
with  great  skill;  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  made  an 
orrery  which  was  purchased  by  Princeton  College; 
subsequently  constructed  another  for  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania;  in  1763  was  employed  to  determine 
"Mason  and  Dixon's  Line,"  which  he  did  with  in 
struments  of  his  own  construction ;  afterwards  fixed 
the  boundaries  of  several  other  States;  was  appointed 
by  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  to  observe 
the  transit  of  Venus  in  1769,  and  at  the  moment  of 
apparent  contact,  his  emotion  was  so  great  that  he 
fainted;  his  account  was  published  by  the  Society; 
in  1770  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  engaged  in 
making  clocks  and  mathematical  instruments;  from 
1777  to  1789  was  Treasurer  of  Pennsylvania;  suc 
ceeded  Franklin  as  President  of  the  Philosophical 
Society  in  1791 ;  was  Director  of  the  United  States 
Mint  from  1792  to  1795;  was  a  member  of  the 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Boston;  in  1775  an 
address,  delivered  by  him,  upon  the  History  of 
Astronomy,  was  published;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  the  University  of  Penmsylvania  in  1782. 
and  F.R.S.  in  1795.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  June  26, 
1796. 

Ritter,  Burwell  C.;  was  born  in  Barren  County, 
Kentucky,  January  6,  1810;  received  a  good  English 
education;  adopted  the  avocation  of  farming;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in  1843  and 
1850;  in  1864  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1865  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agri 
culture,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment. 

Ritter,  John ;  was  born  in  Exeter  Township, 
Berks  County,  Pennsylvania.  February  6,  1779;  re 
ceived  such  education  as  the  country  afforded  in  Ger 
man,  and  but  three  months  of  an  English  course;  at 
eighteen  years  of  age  entered  the  printing-office  of  the 
Readinger  Adler,  of  which  his  father  was  half  owner; 
this  was  at  the  issue  of  the  second  number  of  the 
paper;  in  1802  bought  his  father  out,  and  continued, 
as  an  editor  and  proprietor,  to  conduct  the  journal  to 
the  day  of  his  death;  never  sought  any  office;  an 
election  to  the  Convention  to  revise  the  Constitution 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1836,  and  elections  to  seats  in  the-. 
Twenty-eighth  and  Twenty -ninth  Congresses,  from 
Pennsylvania,  came  to  him  as  a  spontaneous  declara 
tion  of  popular  confidence  and  respect.  Died  at- 
Reading,  November  24,  1851. 

Rivers,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Tennessee ;  waa 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1855  to  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Rives,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  June  17,  1806;  was  educated  at  the  Col 
leges  of  Hampden,  Sidney  and  Harvard,  and  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  settled  in  Albemarle  County, 
from  which  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  at 
intervals  irom  1835  to  1861,  the  latest  years  in  the 
Senate;  in  1866  was  appointed  to  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Appeals  of  Virginia,  and  his  opinions  were  pub 
lished  in  several  volumes;  gave  up  his  seat  on  the 
Bench  in  1869;  in  1871  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  Western  District  of  Virginia. 

Rives,  Francis  E.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837 
to  1841.  Died  November  30.  1861. 

Rives,  "William  C.;  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  May  4,  1793;  was  educated  at  Hampden 
Sidney,  and  William  and  Mary  Colleges;  studied  law 
and  politics  under  the  direction  of  Thomas  Jefferson; 
was  Aid-de-camp  in  1814  and  1815,  with  a  body  of 
Militia  and  Volunteers  called  out  for  the  defense  of 
Virginia;  in  1816  was  a  member  of  the  "Staunton 
Convention,"  called  to  reform  the  State  Constitution ; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  in  1817, 
1818,  and  1819,  from  Nelson  County;  in  1822  was 
elected  to  the  same  position  from  Albemarle  County ; 
in  1823  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  served  for  three  successive  terms;  in  1829  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Minister  to  France: 
on  his  return,  in  1832.  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress;  resigned  in  1K54 ;  was  re-elected  in  1835,  and 
served  to  the  end  of  the  term,  in  1839;  in  1840  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  for  a  third  term,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1845;  in  1849  was  a  second  time  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  France;  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1853,  when  he  finally  retired  from  political 
life;  also  added  to  his  reputation  by  publishing  a 
history  of  the  "  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison  "; 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of 
the  so-called  Confederate  Congress,  having  previously 
been  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Congress"  of  that 
year;  in  1866  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "National  Union  Convention,"  but  did  not 
take  part  in  its  proceed  Jigs.  Died  in  Albemarle 
County,  Virginia,  April  26,  18(58. 

Roane,  Archibald  ;  was  Governor  ot  Tennessee 
from  1801  to  1803. 

Roane,  John  ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector  in  1809;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1815  to  1817,  from  1827 
to  1831,  and  for  a  third  term  from  1835  to  1837.  Died 
in  Washington.  District  of  Columbia,  December  18 
1869. 

Roane,  John  J.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  his  native  State,  from  1831  to 
1833. 

Roane,  John  Selden  ;  was  a  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  Yell's  Arkansas  Cavalry  in  the  Mexican  War:  dis 
tinguished  at  Buena  Vista,  and  commanded  thereoi- 
ment  after  Yell  was  killed;  was  made  Colonel  in  1847: 
was  Governor  of  Arkansas  from  1848  to  1852:  was  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  Confederate  Army.  Died  at 
Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas,  April  8,  1867. 

Roane,  John  T.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1809  to  1815. 

Roane.  William  H.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1788;  was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  that  State;  was  once  a  Delegate  to  the 
General  Assembly;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 


from  1815  to  1817;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States- 
from  1837  to  1841.  Died  at  Tree  Hill,  near  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  May  11,  1845. 

Robbie,  Reuben  ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  settled 
in  New  York;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Robbins,  Asher;  was  born  in  Wethersfield, 
Connecticut,  in  1757;  graduated  at  Yale  College;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  United  States  District 
Attorney  in  1812;  held  many  other  important  public 
positions;  was  a  leading  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Rhode  Island,  from  1825  to  1839;  was  a  member  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Legislature  for  many  years.  Died 
at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  February  25,  1845. 

Robbins,  George  R.;  was  born  near  Allentown, 
Mon mouth  County,  New  Jersey,  September  24,  1812; 
graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadel 
phia,  in  1837;  pursued  the  practice  of  medicine  until 
his  election  from  New  Jersey  to  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  the  Thirty -fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Robbins,  John ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education ;  worked  on  a  farm ;  was, 
for  several  years,  engaged  in 'the  iron  and  steel  busi 
ness;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1848,  1850,  and  1852;. 
subsequently  held  a  number  of  local  positions;  in 
1874  was  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Robbins,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Randolph 
County,  North  Carolina,  in  1829;  was  educated  at 
Trinity  College,  North  Carolina,  and  Randolph  Ma- 
con  College,  Virginia;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  an  officer  in  the  Confederate  Army  through 
out  the  Civil  War,  participating  in  nearly  all  the  bat 
tles  in  Virginia  from  Bull  Run  to  Appomattox  Court 
House:  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  North  Carolina 
in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1870:  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Roberdeau,  Daniel ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1779,  and  was  a  signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion. 

Roberts,  Anthony  E.;  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October,  1803;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Lancaster  County  in  his  infancy ;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education,  and  commenced 
life  as  a  merchant;  in  1839  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
Lancaster  County  and 'held  the  office  till  1842;  in 
1849  was  appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Marshal 
of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania;  remained  in 
that  position  until  1853,  and  collected  the  statistics 
of  that  District  for  the  Seventh  Census;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -fifth  Congress, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

Roberts,  Charles  B.;  was  born  at  Uniontown, 
Carroll  County,  Maryland,  April  19.  1842;  graduated 
at  Calvert  College  in  1861;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1864;  practiced  his  profession  in 
Westminster;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  18(18; 
with  that  exception  never  accepted  a  public  nomina 
tion  until  elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Roberts,  Edmund ;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
Hampshire;  in  1832  was  empowered  as  a  Special 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


423 


Agent  to  negotiate  with  Cochin-China  for  the  exten 
sion  of  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  in  the  Pa 
cific  Ocean. 

Roberts,  Ellis  H.;  was  born  in  Utica,  New 
York,  September  30,  1827;  was  trained  a  printer; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1850;  in  1851  became 
editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Utica  Morning  Herald; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Conven 
tions  of  1864  and  1868;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1867;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty -second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Ways  and  Means. 

Roberts,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  1771;  early  in 
the  present  century  was  at  different  times  elected  to 
both  branches  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1811  to  1814, 
when  he  resigned;  was  an  advocate  of  the  war  of 
1812;  from  1814  to  1821  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States;  in  1841  was  appointed,  by  President  Harri 
son,  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia.  Died  in 
Philadelphia,  July,  1854. 

Roberts,  O.  M.;  was  Governor  of  Texas  from 
1879  to  1883. 

Roberts,  Robert  W.;  was  born  in  Delaware; 
settled  in  Mississippi;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843  to  1847. 

Roberts,  "William  R.;  was  born  in -Cork  County, 
Ireland,  February  6,  1830;  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1849;  received  an  academic  education;  was  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  New  York  for  nearly 
twenty  years,  and  retired  from  business  in  1869;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Claims,  and  Weights  and  Meas 
ures;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Cleveland.  United  States  Minister  to  Chili. 

Robertson,  Edward  White;  was  born  near 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  June  13,  1823;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Louisiana  in  1825;  received  a  col 
legiate  education ;  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
1845;  served  in  the  army  during  the  war  with  Mex 
ico  in  1846;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  from  1847  to  1849;  graduated  in  law  at  the 
University  of  Louisiana  in  1850;  commenced  prac 
tice  in  Iberville  Parish.  Louisiana;  was  again  in  the 
Legislature  in  1853;  was  State  Auditor  from  1857  to 
1S62;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in  the  latter 
year,  as  Captain,  and  served  throughout  the  war;  at 
its  close  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Baton  Rouge, 
L.misiaua;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louis 
iana  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Robertson,  George ;  was  born  in  Mercer  County> 
Kentucky,  November  18,  1790;  completed  his  educa 
tion  at  Transylvania  University;  studied  law,  and 
commenced  practice  in  1809;  in  1816  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  and  served  from  1817  to 
1821 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  Speaker 
of  the  House  during  four  sessions,  ending  in  1827;  in 
1828  was  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  same  year  was 
chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  in  1829  was 
commissioned  Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  in  1833;  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
in  Lexington  in  1835;  was  Professor  of  Law  in  Tran 
sylvania  University  for  twenty -three  years;  repeat 
edly  declined  important  offices,  including  missions 
to  Colombia  and  Peru.  Died  at  Lexington,  May  17, 
1874. 


Robertson,  John;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1834  to  1839. 

Robertson,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  at  Hodgens- 
ville,  Kentucky,  September  9,  1848;  graduated  from 
Cecilian  College,  Kentucky,  in  1870,  and  from  Louis 
ville  Law  University  in  1871;  was  twice  elected 
School  Commissioner  of  La  Rue  County,  Kentucky; 
afterwards  was  elected  County  Attorney;  in  1877  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  be 
fore  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  was,  in  1879, 
appointed  Commonwealth  Attorney,  to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  in  1880  was  elected  to  that  office;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  never  defeated  at  the  polls,  having 
won  every  political  contest  into  which  he  entered; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Robertson,  Thomas  Boiling;  was  born  at 
Richmond,  Virginia,  in  1778;  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  College  in  1807;  was  United  States  District 
Judge  of  Louisiana;  was  the  first  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Louisiana  elected  under  the  State 
Constitution,  serving  from  1812  to  1818. 

Robertson,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Fairfield 
County,  South  Carolina.  August  3,  1823;  graduated 
at  South  Carolina  College  in  1843;  studied  medicine 
for  a  time,  but  established  himself  as  a  planter;  dur 
ing  the  Rebellion  remained  a  Union  man;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  con 
vened  after  the  passage  of  the  Reconstruction  Acts 
by  Congress;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  for  the  term  ending  in  1871, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures,  Agricul 
ture,  and  Claims;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1877,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Man 
ufactures. 

Robertson,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Bedford, 
WTestchester  County,  New  York,  October  10,  1823; 
received  an  academic  education  in  that  town ;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1847,  at  Poughkeepsie; 
in  1848  was  elected  to  the  Assembly,  and  re-elected 
in  1849;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in 
1856  was  elected,  for  four  years,  Judge  of  Westches- 
ter  County;  was  re-elected  in  1859,  and  also  in  1863, 
serving  eleven  years  in  all;  in  1860  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention 
of  1864,  which  re-nominated  President  Lincoln;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Tork  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Commerce,  and  Revolutionary  Claims;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  "State  Republican  Convention"  of  1867; 
in  1875  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York. 

Robertson,  Windham ;  was  elected  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor  of  Virginia  in  1834 ;  in  1836  was  made 
acting  Governor  of  the  State,  remaining  in  that  posi 
tion  until  1837. 

Robeson,  George  M.;  was  born  in  Warren 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1827;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1847;  studied  law;  on  coming  to  the 
bar,  in  1850,  settled  in  Newark,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession;  settled  in  Camden,  and  in  1859  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that  County;  on 
the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor  of  the  State,  a  Brigadier-General,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  organization  of  troops;  in  1867 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  New  Jersey, 
which  position  he  resigned  to  accept  a  seat.  J  une  22, 
1869,  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Grant,  as  Secretary 
of  the  Navy;  remained  in  the  Cabinet  until  the 
advent  of  President  Hayes  in  1877;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty -sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 


424 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Bobie,  Frederick;  was  born  at  Gorham,  Maine, 
August  1:2,  1822;  was  fitted  for  college  at  Gorham 
Academy,  and  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in 
184 1 ;  received  a  diploma  from  the  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1844,  and 
practiced  medicine  at  Bidefonl  and  Waldoboro,  Maine, 
for  twelve  years;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  for  seven  years,  serving  as  Speaker  for 
two  sessions;  was  a  State  Senator  for  two  terms; 
served  as  Paymaster  in  the  Union  Army  throughout 
the  Civil  War;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Director  in 
several  railroad  and  banking  corporations;  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council  on  the  staff  of  the 
Governor  of  Maine  for  four  years;  was  made  Master 
of  the  Maine  State  Grange  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry; 
in  1862  was  elected  Governor  of  Maine  for  the  term 
of  two  years;  was  re-elected  in  1884. 

Robinson,  Charles ;  was  the  first  Governor  of 
the  State  of  Kansas,  having  been  elected  in  1801, 
and  serving  one  year. 

Robinson,  Christ Dpher;  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  18:25;  , 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  Attorney- 
General  of  Rhode  Island;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judi 
ciary,  and  also  on  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty- 
three  on  the  Rebellious  States;  in  1861  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln,  Minister  to  Peru;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  ''  Loyalists'  Convention,"  held  in  Phila 
delphia  in  18H6. 

Robinson,  Edward ;  was  a  ship-master  and 
merchant;  served  two  years  in  the  Maine  Senate;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  during  the 
years  1838  and  1839;  in  1840  was  a  Presidential 
Elector.  Died  February  '20,  1857,  aged  sixty -one 
years. 

Robinson,  George  D.;  was  born  at  Lexington, 
Massachusetts,  January  20,  1834;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1856;  taught  school  from  1856  to 
1865;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Chicopee,  Massachusetts,  in 
1866;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1874,  and  a  State  Senator  in  1876;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty -fifth, 
Forty-sixth.  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses;  in  1883  was  elected  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts  and  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  to  assume  the 
duties  of  that  office,  from  January,  1884;  was  re- 
elected  in  1884  and  1885. 

Robinson,  James  O. ;  was  born  in  Edgar  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  in  1822,  served  as  a  private  in  the  Mexi 
can  War;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  and  Thirty-eighth  Congresses,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Depart raent;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "  National  Union  Convention"  of  1866;  in  1867 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  settle  the  war 
claims  of  Indiana;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  various  com 
mittees. 

Robinson,  James  S.;  was  born  in  Richland 
County,  Ohio.  October  14,  1S27;  received  a  common 
school  education;  learned  the  trade  of  a  printer;  in 
1845  removed  to  Kenton,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the 
publication  of  a  newspaper ;  in  1856  was  elected 
Chief  Clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives, 


and  served  two  terms;  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army 
in  1861  and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General  and  Brevet  Major-General; 
was  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Executive 
Committee  from  1877  to  1879;  was  State  Commis 
sioner  of  Railroads  and  Telegraphs  in  1880;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-sev 
enth  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Robinson,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Union 
County,  Ohio,  November  28,  1826;  graduated  at  Jef 
ferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1848,  and  at  the 
Cincinnati  Law  College  in  1851;  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  1858,  1860,  and  1864;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Elections. 

Robinson,  John  L.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1847 
to  1853;  in  1857  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  United  States  Marshal  for  the  District  of 
Indiana,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death,  March 
21,  1860. 

Robinson,  John  M.;  was  born  in  1793;  was  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  Illinois,  and  one  of  the  .1  udges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1830  to  1842.  Died  at  Ottawa,  Illinois, 
April  26,  1843. 

Robinson,  John  Stamford  ;  was  born  at  Beu- 
nington,  Vermont,  November  10,  1804;  graduated  at 
William  and  Mary  College  in  1824;  settled  as  a  law 
yer  in  his  native  town,  and  was  successful  in  the 
profession;  was.  for  many  years,  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  Governor  of  Vermont  from  1853  to  1854; 
in  l^b'O  was  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Democratic 
Convention.  Died  in  Charleston.  South  Carolina, 
April  25.  I860. 

Robinson,  Jonathan ;  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Vermont  in  1801,  in  the  place  of  Judge 
Smith,  who  resigned;  in  1806  was  elected  to  succeed 
Mr.  Smith  as  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  from  1807 
to  1H15.  Died  at  Bennington,  November  3.  1819, 
aged  sixty -four  years. 

Robinson,  J.  F.;  was  Governor  of  Kentucky 
from  1861  to  1863. 

Robinson,  Lucius;  was  born  at  Windham 
Greene  County,  New  York,  November  4,  1810;  was 
chiefly  self-educated;  attended  Delaware  Academy, 
at  Delhi,  New  York,  for  several  terms,  and  paid  his 
expenses  by  teaching  school  for  several  months  each 
year;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832, 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Catskill. 
New  York;  was  District-Attorney  of  Greene  County, 
New  York,  from  1837  to  1840;  in  the  latter  year  re 
moved  to  New  York  City,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession:  in  1843  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor. 
Commissioner  in  Chancery,  and  held  the  office  until 
it  was  abolished,  in  1846;  then  removed  to  his  farm 
in  Chernuug  County.  New  York;  in  1859  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  New  York  Legislature;  was 
re-elected  in  I860;  in  1861  was  elected  Comptroller 
of  the  State;  was  re-elected  in  1863;  changed  his 
political  views  and  was  defeated  as  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  Comptroller  in  1H65;  was  defeated  as 
a  candidate  for  Congress  in  1870;  in  1871  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Commission;  in 
1875  was  again  elected  Comptroller;  in  1876  was 
elected  Governor  of  New  York. 

Robinson,  Milton  S. ;  was  born  at  Versailles, 
Indiana,  April  20,  1832;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law  with  his  father;  was  admitted 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


425 


•to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Indiana  in  1851, 
and  e:igaged  in  practice;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
throughout  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1856;  was  elected  State  Prison 
Director  iu  1861;  resigned  and  entered  the  army  as 
Lieutenant-Colonel;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet 
Brigadier-General ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate  from  1867  to  1870;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Robinson,  Moses  ;  was  educated  at  Dartmouth 
College;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  Vermont;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  from  1789  to  1790;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from  Vermont, 
under  the  administration  of  President  Washington, 
from  1791  to  1796,  when  he  resigned;  was  one  of  the 
minority  who  were  opposed  to  the  ratification  of  Jay 's 
Treaty.  Died  at  Bennington,  May  26,  1813,  aged 
seventy-two  years. 

Robinson,  Orville  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1845;  also  served  four  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  from  Oswego  County. 

Robinson,  Thomas  ;    was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Delaware  from  1839  to  1841.     Died  in 
Sussex  County,  in  that  State,  October  28,  1843. 
j 

Robinson,  William  E.;  was  born  near  Cooks' 
town.  Tyrone  County,  Ireland,  May  6,  1814;  received 
a  good  English  and  classical  education;  emigrated  to 
this  country  in  1836;  entered  Yale  College,  and  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1841;  was,  for  two 
years,  a  student  at  the  Yale  Law  School ;  between  the 
years  1838  and  1844  was  a  frequent  writer  for  the 
New  York  Herald;  during  the  latter  year  became 
identified  with  the  New  York  Tribune,  signing  his 
communications  "Richelieu";  in  1848  and  1849  be 
came  identified  as  editor  with  a  weekly  paper 
called  The  People;  in  1859  visited  his  native  land  and 
the  Continent  of  Europe;  practiced  law  in  New  York 
from  1853  to  1862;  in  1862  was  appointed  United 
States  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  City  of 
Brooklyn;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and  Expenses  in  the 
Treasury  Department;  was  again  a  Representative  in 
the  Forty -seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Robison,  David  F.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Rochester,  "William  B.;  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  County,  Maryland;  was  a  man  of  eminent  legal 
acquirements,  and  much  respected  for  his  abilities; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1821  to  1823;  subsequently  held  the  office  of 
Circuit  Judge  in  New  York,  but  resigned  to  compete 
with  l)e  Witt  Clinton  for  the  office  of  Governor;  was 
lost,  with  many  others,  off  the  coast  of  North  Caro 
lina,  by  the  explosion  of  the  steamer  Pulaski,  June 
15,  1838. 

Rockhill,  William ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
and.  having  settled  in  Indiana,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Rockwell,  Charles  W.;  was  born  in  Norwich. 
Connecticut;  was  the  brother  of  John  A.  Rockwell; 
received  a  good  education;  devoted  himself  to  mer 
cantile  pursuits,  and  acquired  a  large  fortune  in  the 
Southern  States;  then  returned  to  his  native  place, 
where  for  twenty  years  he  took  a  leading  part  in  pub 


lic  and  benevolent  enterprises;  in  1835  was  chosen 
Mayor  of  Norwich,  and  held  the  office  three  years:  waa 
again  elected  Mayor  in  1845;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1845;  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Nor 
wich  and  Worcester  Railroad;  in  1849  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Customs  in  Washington, 
and  held  the  office  until  1853. 

Rockwell,  Francis  W.;  was  born  at  Pittsfield, 
Massachusetts,  May  26,  1844;  received  a  good  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Amherst  College  in  1868,  and 
from  Harvard  Law  School  in  1871;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  his 
native  place;  in  1873  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Special  Justices  of  the  District  Court  of  Central  Berk 
shire;  resigned  in  1875;  held  several  local  offices;  in 
1879  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  in  1881  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  waa 
re-elected  in  1882;  in  January,  1884,  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
resignation  of  George  D.  Robinson,  elected  Governor 
of  Massachusetts;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Rockwell,  John  A.;  was  born  at  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  in  1804;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1822; 
studied  law,  which  he  practiced  with  ability  and  suc 
cess;  was  twice  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was,  at 
one  time,  Judge  of  the  County  Court  for  New  Lou- 
don  County ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1845  to  1849,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Claims ;  subsequently  practiced 
in  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  was  the  author  of  a  work 
on  Spanish  law.  Died  in  Washington,  of  apo 
plexy,  February  10,  1861. 

Rockwell,  Julius;  wasbornatColebrook, Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  April  26,  1805;  entered 
Yale  College  in  1822,  and  graduated  in  1826;  studied 
law  at  the  New  Haven  Law  School,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  Litchfield  County,  in  1829,  com 
mencing  practice  in  1830  at  Pittsfield,  Massachu 
setts;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  Massachusetts  from  1834  to  1838,  and  was  Speaker 
from  1835  to  1838;  in  that  year  was  appointed  Bank 
Commissioner,  and  held  the  office  three  years;  waa 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1847  to  1851 ;  in 
1853  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts;  was  a  United  States 
Senator,  by  appointment,  for  two  sessions,  from  1853 
to  1855  to  succeed  Mr.  Everett;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1856;  in  185H  was  again  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  that  State;  in  1859  waa 
made  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Massachusetts. 

Rodman,  William;  was  born  in  Bensalem, 
Bucks  County.  Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1757,  his 
parents  being  of  the  Society  of  Friends;  received  a 
liberal  education;  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War 
as  a  soldier;  under  the  call  from  Washington,  he 
raised  and  commanded  a  company,  during  the 
"Whisky  Insurrection"  in  Western  Pennsylvania; 
was,  for  many  years,  in  the  Legislature  of  his  native 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1811 
to  1813.  Died  at  the  place  of  his  birth,  July  27, 
1824. 

Rodney,  Caesar ;  was  born  in  Dover,  Kent 
County,  Delaware,  in  1730 ; .  received  a  liberal  educa 
tion;  was  High  Sheriff,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  a 
Judge  in  his  native  county;  in  1762  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  serving  several  years,  and  as  Speak 
er  in  1769 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Congress 
in  1765;  was  a  Delegate  from  Delaware  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1774  to  1778,  and  in  1783;  w;c 


426 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Delaware; 
also  served  for  a  time  as  General  of  Militia;  was 
President  of  the  State  of  Delaware.  Died  in  1783. 
A  son  of  his  was  subsequently  a  member  of  the  Fed 
eral  Congress. 

Rodney,  Caesar  A.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Delaware  from  1803  to  1805 ;  was  ap 
pointed  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States  by 
President  Jefferson;  in  1812  commanded  a  company 
of  volunteers  in  defense  of  Baltimore;  was  again  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1819 
to  1821 :  was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from 
1321  to  1823,  in  which  year  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Minister  to  Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  died  June 
10,  1824. 

Rodney,  Caleb ;  was  acting  Governor  of  Dela 
ware  iu  1822  and  1823,  in  the  place  of  John  Collins, 
who  died  before  the  close  of  his  term  as  Governor. 

Rodney,  Daniel;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1809;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  from  1814  to  1817: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  State  of 
Delaware  from  1822  to  1823;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1826  to  1827.  Died  September  2,  1846, 
aged  seventy-five  years. 

Rodney,  George  B.;  was  born  in  Delaware; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1820;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from 
1841  to  1845;  was  a  Delegate,  in  1861,  to  the  "  Peace 
Congress"  of  Washington. 

Rodney,  Thomas ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Dela 
ware  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1781  to  1783. 
and  from  1785  to  1787;  in  1803  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jefferson,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Mississippi. 

Rogers,  Andrew  J.;  was   born   in   Hamburg, 

Sussex  County,  New  Jersey,  July  1,  1828;  received 
a  limited  education;  spent  the  most  of  his  youth  as 
an  assistant  in  a  hotel  and  in  a  country  store;  taught 
school  for  two  years  and  a  half,  during  which  time 
he  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852:  in 
18(>2  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Judiciary,  Expenses  in  the  Post  Office 
Department,  and  Reconstruction. 

Rogers,  Anthony  A.  C.;  was  born  in  Sumner 
County,  Tennessee,  February  14,  1821;  during  his 
youth  was  occupied  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  and  was 
subsequently  a  merchant  in  his  native  State;  in  1854 
removed  to  Arkansas,  where  he  continued  in  the 
mercantile  business;  in  1862  was  arrested  and  placed 
under  bonds,  by  the  State  authorities,  for  sympathiz 
ing  with  the  General  Government;  in  1864  was 
elected  to  Congress,  but  not  admitted ;  after  the  war 
resided  for  a  time  in  Illinois,  but  did  not  relinquish 
his  citizenship  in  Arkansas;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary&Pen- 
sions,  and  Education  and  Labor. 

Rogers,  Charles;  was  born  in  New  York- 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York  from  Washing 
ton  County  in  1833  and  1837;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845. 

Rogers,  Daniel;  was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania 
in  the  years  1797  and  1798. 


Rogers,  Edward  ;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education;  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  Madison  County,  New  York;  was  for  many  years 
County  Judge;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York,  from  1843  to  1845.  Died  in  Gal- 
way,  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  May  23,  1857, 
aged  seventy  years. 

Rogers  H.  GK ;  was  a  citizen  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1840  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affairrs  to  Sardinia, 
where  he  remained  one  year. 

Rogers,  James ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that  State  in  1813; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  183.~>  to  1837, 
and  again  from  1839  to  1843. 

Rogers,  John ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1776;  was 
Chancellor  of  the  State.  Died  at  Annapolis  in  1789. 

Rogers,  John;  was  born  in  Caldwell,  New 
York,  May  9.  1813;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  was  a  manufacturer  and  merchant:  was 
Supervisor  of  his  town  ten  years;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  State  Department  and  Manufactures. 

Rogers,  John  Henry;  was  born  in  Bertie 
County,  North  Carolina,  October  9,  1845;  removed 
to  Mississippi  in  1853;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  from  March,  1862,  to  the  close  of  the  war, 
rising  to  the  rank  of  First  Lieutenant;  in  1865  en 
tered  Centre  College,  at  Danville,  Kentucky;  in  18(57 
entered  the  University  of  Mississippi,  at  Oxford,  and 
graduated  in  1868;  in  1869  removed  to  Fort  Smith. 
Arkansas,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  iu 
1877  was  elected  Circuit  Judge,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1878;  resigned  in  1882,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con- 
ress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Rogers,  Sion  H.;  was  born  in  Wake  County, 
North  Carolina,  September  3D,  1825;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1846;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1848;  was  elected  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress;  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  North  Carolina  in  I860:  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  as  Colonel  of  the  Forty -seventh  North 
Carolina  Regiment;  was  Attorney-General  of  North 
Carolina  from  1862  to  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress. 

Rogers,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Waterford, 
Ireland,  in  1781;  came  to  the  United  States  when 
but  three  years  of  age;  was  the  author  of  biographi 
cal  dictionaries  of  Revolutionary  worthies;  edited  a 
political  paper;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1818  to  1824.  Died  in  New 
York  City,  December  7,  1832. 

Rogers,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Northamp 
ton  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  1,  1820;  at  an 
early  age  entered  a  printing  office  at  Easton,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  followed  the  trade  of  a  printer  until 
forty  years  of  age;  in  1846  removed  to  Buffalo,  New 
York;  in  1861  was  a  Captain  of  Militia;  assisted  in 
organizing  the  Twenty-first  Regiment  of  New  York 
Volunteers,  and  was  unanimously  elected  its  Colonel; 
served  with  it  in  the  field  until  it  was  discharged  iu 
1863;  in  1864  was  appointed  Provost-Marshal  of  the 
Thirtieth  District  of  New  York;  was  elected  Comp 
troller  of  the  city  of  Buffalo  in  1866,  and  Mayor 
in  1868;  was  appointed  Major-General  of  the  Fourtn 
Division  National  Guard ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


427 


Rollins,  Edward  A.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  in  1865  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Inter 
nal  Revenue,  holding  the  office  until  superseded  by 
Columbus  Delano,  in  1868;  after  leaving  the  Treas 
ury  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  became  interested 
in  the  business  of  life  insurance. 

Rollins,  Edward  H.;  was  born  in  Somersworth, 
now  Rollinford,  Strafford  County,  New  Hampshire, 
October  3,  1824;  received  an  academic  education,  and 
for  a  short  time  taught  school ;  was  for  several  years 
devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits,  first  as  a  clerk  and 
then  as  an  apothecary;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature   in    1855,    1856,    and    1857.    serving    as 
,  Speaker  during  the  last  two  years ;  was  chosen  Chair 
man   of  the   State  Republican  Committee  in  1856, 
which  position  he  held  until  he  entered  Congress ;  was 
;  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
'  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  re-elected  to  the 
'  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Accounts;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  continuing  at  the  head  of  the  same 
:  Committee,  and  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public 
I  Expenditures;  was  also  a  member  of  the   National 
J  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of 
1  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia   ''Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  Union  Pacitic  Railroad  Com 
pany  in  1869,  and  Treasurer  in  1871;  resigned  those 
positions  when  elected  a  United  States  Senator  from 
New   Hampshire   for   the  term   of  six   years,    from 
March  4,  1877. 

Rollins,  James  Sidney ;  was  born  in  Madison 

-J  County,  Kentucky.  April  19,  1812;  graduated  at  the 

State  University  of  Indiana,  at  Bloomington,  in  1830; 

;  studied  law  and  graduated  at  the  Transylvania  Law 

School,  in  Kentucky,  in   1833;  soon  afterwards  set- 

;  tied  in  Boone  County,  Missouri;  in  1838  was  elected 

|  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in  1 840  and 

.;  1842;  in  1846  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving   | 

1  four  years;  in  1854  was  again  elected  to  the  Legisla- 

••  ture;  in  1857  was  defeated  as  the  Whig  candidate  for 

•.  Governor   by   two  hundred   and    thirty    votes—one 

hundred  thousand  having  been  polled — -though  many 

,  thought  him  legally  elected;  in  I860  was   elected  a 

Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Thirty-seventh 

Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Commerce, 

and  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department;  in  1862 

was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth,  Congress,  serving 

on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate 

to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of 

1S66. 

Roman,  Andre  Bienvenu ;   was  born  in  St. 
I.audry  Parish,  Louisiana,  in  1795;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1818;  was  frequently  re-elected, 
and  served  four  years  as  Speaker;  was  Judge  of  St. 
,   James's  Parish  from  1826  to  1828;  was  Speaker  of  the 
!   House  from  1828  to  1830;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
j   from  1830  to  1834,   and  from  1838  to  1841;  was  a 
i   member  of  the  Convention  which  passed  the  Ordi- 
)    nance  of  Secession,  which  he  opposed;  was  appointed, 
:   by  the  Confederate  Government,  with  John  Forsyth 
and  Martin  J.  Crawford,  to  confer  with  the  Govern 
ment  of  the  United  States  at  Washington.     Died  in 
St.  James's  Parish,  Louisiana,  January  29,  1866. 

Roman,  J.  Dixon  ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
educated  a  lawyer;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  on  two 
occasions;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1847  to  1849;  was  President  of  the 
Hagerstown  Bank;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace 
Congress"  of  1861.  Died  in  Maryland,  January  19, 


Romeis,  Jacob  ;  was  born  in  the  village  of 
Weisenbach,  Kingdom  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  De 
cember  1,  1835;  came  to  the  United  States,  with  his 
parents,  in  1847,  and  settled  at  Buffalo,  New  York; 
attended  the  village  school  at  Weisenbach,  and  the 
public  and  select  night  schools  in  Buffalo;  from  1850 
to  1856  was  employed  on  the  large  railroad  steamers 
on  the  lakes;  then  settled  at  Toledo,  Ohio  in  the  em 
ploy  of  the  Wabash,  St.  Louis  and  Pacific  Railway, 
in  which  he  continued ;  in  1874  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  of  Toledo,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1876;  was  President  of  the  Board  in  1877; 
in  1879  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1881  and  1883;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Romero,  Trinidad ;  was  born  at  Santa  Fe,  New 
Mexico,  June  15,  1835;  received  a  common  school 
education;  engaged  in  merchandising  and  stock-rais 
ing;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Territorial  Legis 
lature  in  1863;  was  elected  Probate  Judge  of  San 
Miguel  County  in  1867,  and  served  until  he  re 
signed  ;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  New  Mexico  to 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Roosevelt,  James  I.;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  December  14,  1796;  was  educated  at 
Columbia  College;  graduated  in  1815;  studied  law 
with  Peter  Augustus  Jay,  and  was  for  several  years 
his  partner:  in  1S35  and  1840  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1842  and  1843  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  City;  declined 
a  re-election,  and  went  abroad  in  1843;  on  his  re 
turn,  retired  from  the  practice  of  law  to  private  life, 
but  was  induced  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1851 ;  was  also, 
for  several  years,  in  early  life,  a  member  of  the  city 
government;  was  an  Attorney  of  the  United  States, 
and  held  the  office  of  Judge  eight  years.  Died  in 
New  York,  April  5.  l*?f>. 

Roosevelt,  Robert  B. ;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1829;  received  a  liberal  education  and 
studied  law;  practiced  in  the  city  of  Xew  York  for 
twenty  years;  was  the  author  of  "Game  Fish  of  the 
North,"  "Superior  Fishing,"  "Game  Birds  of  the 
North."  "Five  Acres  too  Much,"  and  other  works; 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  for  the 
State  of  New  York  in  1868;  edited  Tlie  New  York 
Citizen  from  18(58;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  various  Committees,  with  special 
zeal  upon  the  one  for  investigating  the  affairs  of  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Root,  Erastus ;  was  born  at  Hebron,  Connecti 
cut,  March  16,  1772;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1793,  after  which  he  taught  school  for  some 
time;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  Delaware  County, 
New  York,  in  1796;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
New  York  Assembly  eleven  years;  was  Speaker  of  the 
House  three  years;  was  State  Senator  eight  years; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1805, 
and  from  1809  to  1817,  when  he  resigned  and  was 
appointed  Postmaster  at  Delhi,  New  York;  in  1822 
was  chosen  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State;  was 
again  elected  to  Congress  from  1831  to  1833;  was  also 
Major-General  of  Militia.  Died  in  New  York  City, 
December  24,  1846. 

Root,  Jesse  ;  was  born  at  Northampton,  Massa 
chusetts,  January,  1737;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1756;  preached  about  three  years,  and 
then  studied  law;  settled  in  Hartford,  Connecticut; 
took  part  in  the  Revolutionary  War ;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1783;  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  in  1779:  was 
Chief  Justice  of  Connecticut  from  1796  until  his- 
resignation  in  1S07.  Died  March  29,  1822. 


428 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Boot,  Joseph  M.;  was  born  in  Cayuga,  New 
York,  October  7,  1817;  read  law  at  Auburn,  and  re 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1829;  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  in  that  State;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1845  to  1851;  was,  for  a  time,  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Post  Office,  and  Expenditures  in 
the  Treasury  Department;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1860,  and  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyal- 
lists'  Convention  of  1866. 

Boot,  Joseph  P.;  was  a  citizen  of  Kansas;  in 
1870  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Chili, 
but  resigned,  and  left  that  country  in  1873. 

Boots,  Logan  H. :  was  born  in  Perry  County, 
Illinois,  March  26,  1841 ;  graduated  at  the  Normal 
University  of  that  State;  was  principal  of  a  high 
school;  in  1862  took  an  active  part  in  raising  troops 
for  the  war,  and  was  appointed  a  Quartermaster; 
subsequently  served  as  a  Commissary  of  Subsistence, 
with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  in  the  operations  against 
Atlanta;  after  the  war  settled  in  Arkansas  as  a  plant 
er:  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  arid  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines 
and  Mining,  and  Pacific  Railroad;  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Chigago  Convention  of  1868. 

Bose,  Bobert  L.;  was  born  at  Geneva,  New 
York,  October  12,  1804;  was  a  farmer  by  occupation; 
held  the  office  of  Supervisor  for  the  town  of  Allen's 
Hill;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1847  to  1851. 

Bose,  Bobert  S.;  was  born  in  Henrico  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the 
State  of  New  York  from  1823  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1831.  Died  at  Waterloo,  New  York,  Novem 
ber  24,  1835,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Bosecrans,  William  Starke ;  was  born  at 
Kingston,  Ohio,  December  6,  1819 ;  graduated  at 
"West  Point  in  1842;  entered  the  Engineer  Corps;  was 
Assistant  Professor  of  Engineering  at  West  Point  in 
1843  and  1844.  and  from  1845  to  1847;  was  Assistant 
Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  1844  and  1845; 
had  charge  of  the  repairs  at  Fort  Adams,  Rhode 
Island,  from  1847  to  1853;  in  1854  resigned  because 
of  ill-health;  was  a  civil  engineer  and  architect  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1854  and  1855;  was  Superin 
tendent  of  Cannel  Coal  Company  from  1855  to  1857; 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  kerosene  oil  from  1857 
to  1 861 ;  was  then  appointed  Aid  to  General  McClellan 
in  Ohio;  was  appointed  Colonel,  and  Chief  Engineer 
of  Ohio;  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  Ohio  Volun 
teers,  and  Brigadier-General  United  States  Army ; 
commanded  the  Department  of  Ohio;  in  1862  was  in 
command  of  a  division  at  the  siege  of  Corinth;  com 
manded  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  won  the  battle  of  Stone  River;  was 
unsuccessful  at  Chickamauga,  in  1863,  and  was  re 
lieved  of  his  command;  in  1864  commanded  the  De 
partment  of  Missouri;  was  made  Brevet  Major-Gen 
eral  United  States  Army  in  1865;  resigned  in  1867; 
was  Minister  to  Mexico  in  1868.  but  was  recalled  in 
a  few  months;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
California  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses;  in  June,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  Register  of  the  Treasury,  at  Wash 
ington. 

Boss,  David  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Maryland  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1787. 

Boss,  Edmund  G-.;  was  born  at  Ashland,  Ohio, 
December  7,  1826;  received  a  limited  education;  in 


August,  1837,  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing  busi 
ness;  in  1847  removed  to  Wisconsin;  was  foreman  in 
the  office  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel;  soon  afterwards 
became  an  editor;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  trou 
bles  in  Kansas,  in  1856,  removed  to  that  State,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  its  local  affairs ;  was  a  member 
of  the  "  Kansas  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1859; 
from  that  time  until  1861  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in  a  Kansas  regi 
ment  during  the  Rebellion,  attaining  the  rank  of 
Major;  subsequently  became  the  associate  editor  of 
the  Lawrence  Tribune;  in  July,  1866,  was  appointed, 
by  the  Governor,  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Kansas 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  James  H.  Lane,  deceased, 
ending  in  1872,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pen 
sions,  Indian  Affairs,  and  Printing;  in  January,  1867, 
his  appointment  to  the  Senate  was  confirmed  by  the 
Legislature,  and  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Enrolled  Bills;  subsequently  returned  to 
his  old  occupation  of  printing,  and  in  1875  was  fore 
man  of  an  office  in  Kansas;  in  1880  was  the  Demo 
cratic  candidate  for  Governor  of  Kansas,  but  was  not 
elected;  in  1882  removed  to  New  Mexico;  in  May, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Gov 
ernor  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Boss,  George;  was  born  at  New  Castle,  Dela 
ware,  in  1730;  acquired  a  classical  education  under 
his  father's  roof;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1751;  settled  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania;  in  1768 
was  elected  to  the  Colonial  Legislature;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1777; 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence;  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Convention 
that  commenced  the  new  government;  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  that  formed  the  organization  of  the 
State  Government;  in  1779  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Admiralty  for  Pennsylvania.  Died  in 
July  of  that  year,  from  an  attack  of  gout.  He  was  a 
profound  lawyer  and  an  earnest  patriot. 

Boss,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
New  York;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New 
York,  in  1808;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profes 
sion  in  Essex,  Essex  County,  New  York,  for  fifty 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1825  to  1827;  was  County  Judge  of  Essex 
County  in  1847  and  1848;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1848,  heading  the  State  ticket,  and  officiating  as 
President  of  the  Electoral  College.  Died  September 
13,  1862.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  ability,  elo 
quence,  dignity,  and  high  character. 

Boss,  James;  was  born  about  the  year  1761,  in 
Pennsylvania:  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  that  formed  the  Consti 
tution  of  Pennsylvania  in  1790;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1794  to  1803, 
serving  during  one  session  as  President  pro  tern,  of 
that  body.  Died  at  his  residence,  near  Pittsburgh, 
November  27,  1847. 

Boss,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  180!)  to  1811,  and  again 
from  1815  to  1818,  having  resigned. 

Boss,  Lewis  W. ;  was  born  in  Seneca  County, 
New  York.  December  8,  1812;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Illinois  when  a  boy;  was  educated  at  the 
Illinois  College;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1840  and  1844  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848,  and  a  Dele 
gate  in  1860  to  the  Charleston  and  Baltimore  Conven 
tions;  in  1861  was  elected  to  the  "State  Constitutional 
Convention'';  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


429- 


on  t/he  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  additional  Com- 
•  mittt-e  on  Agriculture. 

Ross,  Miles ;  was  born  in  Raritan  Township, 
Middlesex  County,  New  Jersey,  April  30,  1828;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  was  for  many 
years  engaged,  with  his  father,  in  the  shipping  busi 
ness;  was  a  wholesale  coal  merchant,  and  largely 
interested  in  shipping  property;  at  different  times 
.filled  most  of  the  local  offices  of  the  district;  was  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Freeholders;  was  a  Repre- 
.sentative  to  the  State  Legislature  for  two  years;  in 
1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jersey 
to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con- 


i  Ross,  Sobieski ;  was  born  in  Coudersport, 
^Pennsylvania,  May  16,  1828;  was  educated  as  a 
purveyor  and  engineer,  but  engaged  in  settling  land 
In  the  northern  counties  of  Pennsylvania;  was 
••elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  and  re-elected  to 
'*the  Forty-fourth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com- 
flmittee  on  Agriculture. 

jj  Ross,  Thomas ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
^graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1825;  was  a  Rep- 
(pesentative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
£853. 

Ross,  Thomas  R.;  was  born  in  1789;  was  long 
a  leading  lawyer  in  Warren  County,  Ohio,  and  was 
legal  preceptor  of  Thomas  Corwin,  who  became 
his  partner  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Sixteenth,  Seventeenth,  and 
Eighteenth  Congresses;  in  1849  retired  from  business 
and  settled  upon  a  farm;  two  year  before  his  death 
became  blind ;  was  considered  a  man  of  great  ability 
anil  learning.  Died  near  Lebanon,  Ohio,  June  28, 
1869. 

Ross,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Delaware;  was 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1851,  continuing  in 
office  until  1855. 

Rossell,  "William;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1761;  received  a  good  education  and  studied  law; 
was  for  many  years  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court;  also  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey.  Died  at  Mount  Holly,  June  20,  1840. 

Rothwell,  Grideon  F.;  was  born  in  Callaway 
County,  Missouri,  in  1836;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  the  State  of  Missouri ;  studied  and  practiced 
law;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Rousseau,  Lovell  H.;  was  born  near  Stanford, 
Lincoln  County,  Kentucky,  August  4,  1818.  to  which 
place  his  father  had  emigrated  from  Virginia ;  was 
chiefly  self-educated,  acquiring  a  good  English  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  prac 
ticed  with  success  in  Indiana,  to  which  state  he  re 
moved  in  1841;  was  elected  for  three  years  to  the 
Legislature  of  Indiana,  and  for  three  years  to  the 
Senate  of  the  State;  served  through  the  war  with 
Mexico  as  a  Captain,  and  was  present  at  Buena  Vista 
in  1850  returned  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  he  sub 
•equently  resided ;  in  1860  was  elected,  by  both  politi 
cal  parties,  to  the  Senate  of  Kentucky;  after  serving 
through  the  stormy  session  of  1861,  resigned  his  seat, 
Hud  asked  for  permission  to  raise  troops  for  the  war 
Ja  June  of  that  year  was  commissioned  a  Colonel  o 


Volunteers,  and  in  July  was  in  camp  with  four  com 
panies;  in  October,  1861,  was  appointed  a  Brigadier- 
general;  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  re- 
>orted  for  gallantry ;  was  also  in  the  battle  of  Perry- 
ville,  and  for  his  "  distinguished  gallantry  and  good 
ervice  "  there,  was,  in  October,  1862,  appointed  a 
Major-General;  was  also  in  the  advance  upon  Corinth 
after  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  in  the  battle  of  Stone 
riiver,  and  many  similar  engagements;  in  1864  con 
ducted  a  highly  important  and  successful  raid  into 
the  heart  of  Alabama,  and  defended  Fortress  Rose- 
rans  with  eight  thousand  men  during  the  siege  of 
Nashville;  in  1865  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Military  Affairs  and  on  Roads  and 
Canals;  was  also  one  of  the  Representatives  desig 
nated  by  the  House  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General 
Scott,  in  1866;  in  June,  1866,  made  a  personal  assault 
on  J.  B.  Grinnell,  a  fellow-member  of  the  House,  for 
words  spoken  in  debate;  although  the  Committee 
appointed  to  investigate  the  subject  reported  a  reso 
lution  to  expel,  the  Hoirse  adopted  the  minority  re 
port  to  reprimand  him  for  violating  the  privileges  of 
the  House,  whereupon  he  resigned  his  seat  as  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  was  re- 
elected,  during  the  subsequent  recess,  to  the  same 
Congress,  serving  again  on  the  Committees  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  in  April,  1867, 
was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  regular 
army,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  new  Territory 
of  Alaska. 

Rousseau,  Richard  H.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ken 
tucky:  in  1866  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to- 
Honduras,  returning  to  the  United  States  in  1869. 

Routt,  John  L. ;  was  a  resident  of  Denver,  Colo 
rado;  in  1871  was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  in  which  capacity  he  served  imtil 
1875,  when  he  resigned,  and  returned  to  Colorado; 
was  Governor  of  Colorado  Territory  during  a  part  of 
the  year  1875;  in  1876  was  elected  Governor  of  the 
new  State  of  Colorado,  holding  the  office  until  1 879. 

Rowan,  John ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1773;  emigrated  to  Kentucky  when  quite  young;  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Con 
stitution  of  1799;  was  Secretary  of  State  in  1804; 
was  elected  a  member  of  Congress  from  1807  to  1809; 
was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of  the  General  As 
sembly;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  in  1819; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1825  to  1831;  his  last 
public  position  was  that  of  Minister  to  the  Twa 
Sicilies.  Died  in  Louisville,  Kentucky,  July  13, 
1853. 

Rowe,  Peter  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York,  from  1853  to  1855. 

Rowell,  Jonathan  H.;  was  born  at  Haverhill, 
New  Hampshire.  February  10,  1S33;  was  reared  on  a. 
farm;  removed  to  McLean  County,  Illinois,  in  1849;. 
received  a  classical  education,  graduating  from  Eureka 
College,  Illinois,  in  1861;  served  three  years  in  the 
Union  Army,  during  the  Civil  War,  as  a  line  officer; 
graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  Chicago 
University,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865;  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Bloomington,  Illinois; 
was  State's  Attorney  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District 
from  1868  to  1872;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Rowland,  David ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Colonial  Congress,  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1765. 


-430 


BIOGRAPHICAL     AN.NALS. 


Royce,  Homer  B.;  was  born  in  Berkshire,  Ver 
mont,  in  1819;  received  a  common  school  education; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1H42; 
wasa  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1846  and  1847 : 
•was  Prosecuting  Attorney  ibr  the  State  in  1848;  was 
a  State  Senator  in  1849,  1850,  and  1851;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Vermont  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
'  Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  same  commit 
tee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866. 

Royce,  Stephen;  was  born  at  Tinmouth.  Ver 
mont,  August  12,  1787;  graduated  at  Middlebury 
College  in  1807;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1815  and  1816,  from  Sheldon  County,  and  from  1822 
to  1824  from  St.  Albans  County;  was  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1826  and  1827,  and 
from  1829  to  1852;  was  Chief  Justice  from  1846  to 
1851;  was  Governor  of  Vermont  from  1854  to  1856; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Vermont  in  1837.  Died  in  East  Berkshire,  Vermont. 
November  11,  1868. 

Rublee,  Horace;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin; 
in  1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Switzer 
land. 

Ruffln,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Edgecombe  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  University; 
a  lawyer  by  profession ;  served  as  Circuit  Attorney  of 
the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
from  December,  1844,  to  December,  1848;  was  elected 
a,  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Thirty- 
third,  Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth 
Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Public  Lands,  on  Accounts,  and  on  the  Militia;  took 
part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a  member  of  the  Con 
federate  Congress,  having  previously  been  a  Delegate 
to  the  "Peace  Congress"  of  1861;  also  served  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Southern  Army,  and  from  the  effects 
of  a  wound,  died,  at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  in  October 
1863. 

Ruggles,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Windham 
County,  Connecticut,  in  1763;  obtained  the  means  for 
receiving  a  classical  education  by  teaching  a  school  in 
winter;  studied  law,  and,  after  his  admission  to  the 
bar,  removed  to  Marietta,  Ohio;  subsequently  settled 
at  St.  Clairsville;  in  1810  was  elected  President 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  Third 
Circuit;  was  elected  by  the  Legislature,  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Ohio,  serving  from  1815  to 
1833;  from  his  well-known  habits  of  industry,  and 
constant  devotion  to  the  in  terests  of  his  constituents 
he  was  called  "The  Wheelhorse  of  the  Senate"; 
from  his  youth,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra 
ternity;  in  1837  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  at 
St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  September  2,  1837,  aged  seven 
ty-four  years. 

Rug-gles,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Litchfield 
County,  Connecticut,  about  the  year  1790;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  removing  to  New  York  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  182(1;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1821  to  1823;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court:  served  for  a  second  term  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  made  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  and  Presiding  Judge  from  1853;  retired  from 
the  bench  in  1855.  Died  at  Poughkeepsie,  June  16 
1865. 

Ruggles,  John  ;  was  born  at  Westbo rough,  Mas 
sachusetts;  was  well  educated,  and  possessed  a  taste 
for  the  mechanic  arts;  was  nine  times  elected  to  the 


Maine  Legislature,  and  officiated  as  Speaker  three 
years;  from  1831  to  18:55  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Maine  from  1835  to  1841,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce;  took  a  special  interest,  in,  and 
was  the  originator,  when  in  Congress,  of  the  idea  of 
a  re-organization  of  the  Patent  Office,  and  the  first 
patent  granted,  after  the  re-organization,  July  28, 
1836,  was  granted  to  him  tor  a  locomotive  steam-en 
gine. 

Ruggles,  Nathaniel ;  was  a  native  of  Massa 
chusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1781; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1813  to  1819.  Died  at  Roxbury,  Massachusetts, 
December  19  of  the  latter  year,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
eight  years. 

Rumsey,  Benjamin ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1776  to 

1778'. 

Rumsey,  David,  Jr.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1847  to  1851. 

Rumsey,  Edward. ;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1837  to  1839. 

Runk,  John;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1841;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1845  to  1847. 

Runnels,  Harrison  R.;  was  born  in  Mississippi; 
emigrated  to  Texas  in  1841;  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  the  State  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1855 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor;  in  1857  was  elected 
Governor  of  Texas.  Died  in  Cowie  County,  Missis 
sippi. 

Runnels,  Hiram  &.;  was  Governor  of  Mi.-.  1s- 
sippi  from  1833  to  1835. 

Rush,  Benjamin;  was  born  at  Bristol,  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  24, 1745;  was  chiefly 
educated  at  Princeton  College,  New  Jersey:  studied 
medicine  for  six  years,  and  then  attended  lectures  at 
the  Edinburgh  University,  in  Scotland;  practiced  in 
the  hospitals  of  London,  and  completed  his  studies 
in  Paris;  on  his  return  he  was  at  once  appointed  a 
Professor  in  a  medical  institution  in  Philadelphia; 
was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  liberty;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1776  and 
1777,  and  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  called  to  ratify 
the  Federal  Constitution,  and  subsequently  held  the 
post  of  Cashier  of  the  United  States  Mint;  on  retiring 
from  political  life,  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  his 
profession,  and  was  a  Professor  in  various  important 
institutions;  as  a  high  officer,  took  an  active  part  in 
the  Society  for  the  Abolition  of  Slavery,  the  Philadel 
phia  Bible  Society,  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society. 
and  the  American  Philosophical  Society;  among  his 
numerous  writings  were  "  Medical  Inquiries  and  Ob 
servations,"  and  a  "History  of  the  Yellow  Fever." 
Died  April  19,  1813,  and  is  remembered  as  one  of  the 
leading  medical  men  of  his  time.  He  was  the  father 
of  Richard  Rush,  for  many  years  Minister  to  England 
and  France,  and  also  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
President  J.  Q.  Adams. 

Rush,  Richard;  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
August  29,  1780;  was  the  sou  of  Benjamin  Rush- 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1797;  studied  law' 
ind  came  to  the  bar  in  1*00;  in  1811  was  made  At 
torney-General  of  the  State;  was  soon  afterwards  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  Comptroller  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


431 


Treasury;  on  July  4,  1812,  by  request,  delivered  an 
•oration  in  the  Capitol;  in  1814  was  appointed  Attor 
ney-General  of  the  United  States,  having  declined 
the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  for  a  few 
months  performed  the  duties  of  Secretary  of  State. 
under  President  Monroe;  in  1817  was  appointed  Min 
ister  to  England,  serving  until  1825;  was  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  under  President  J.  Q.  Adams;  was 
candidate  for  Vice- President  on  the  ticket  with 
Adams;  in  1847  was  appointed;  by  President  Polk. 
Minister  to  France,  remaining  in  office  ten  years;  in 
1833  published  "A  Residence  at  the  Court  of  St. 
James";  a  Sequel  to  it  in  1845;  in  1857,  "Familiar. 
Letters  of  Washington  ";  in  1860  a  volume  of  "Occa 
sional  Productions"  was  published;  took  a  leading 
part  in  securing  the  fund  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu 
tion,  and  was  a  Regent  of  the  same;  published  vari 
ous  papers  and  addresses  on  literary  and  political 
topics.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  July  30,  1859. 

Busk,  Jeremiah.  M.;  was  born  in  Morgan  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  June  17.  1830;  received  a  good  education; 
removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1853;  held  several  county 
offices;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1862;  was 
commissioned  Major  of  AVisconsin  Volunteers  in  1862; 
was  soon  afterward  promoted;  served  with  General 
Sherman  from  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  until  mustered 
out  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  brevetted  Briga 
dier-General  for  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Salkehatchie;  was  elected  Bank  Comptroller  of  Wis 
consin  in  1866,  and  re-elected  for  1868;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty -second, 
Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of  three 
years  from  January,  1882;  was  re-elected  in  1884. 

Rusk,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1802;  studied  law,  and  practiced  with  success  in 
Georgia;  in  the  early  part  of  1835  removed  to  Texas, 
and  was  a  prominent  actor  in  all  the  important 
events  in  the  history  of  the  Republic  of  the  State  of 
Texas ;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  de 
clared  Texas  an  independent  Republic,  in  March. 
1836;  was  the  first  Secretary  of  War;  participated  in 
the  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  and  took  command  of  the 
army  after  General  Houston  was  wounded;  con  tinned 
in  command  of  the  army  until  the  organization  of 
the  Constitutional  Government  in  October,  1836. 
when  he  was  again  appointed  Secretary  of  War:  re 
signed  after  a  few  months;  afterwards  commanded 
several  expeditions  against  the  Indians ;  served  as  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  as 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  last  office 
he  resigned  early  in  1842;  in  1845  was  President  of 
the  Convention  that  consummated  the  annexation  of 
Texas  to  the  United  States;  upon  the  admission  of 
Texas  into  the  Union,  in  1845,  was  elected  one  of  the 
Senators  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  office  he  served  two  terms,  and  was  re-elected 
for  the  third  term,  ending  in  1863;  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office;  took  a  deep  inter 
est  in  the  wagon-road  to  the  Pacific,  and  the  Over 
land  Mail;  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Nacogdoches,  Texas,  July  29,  1856,  was  President 
pro  tern,  of  the  Senate ;  in  a  moment  of  insanity, 
caused  by  the  overwhelming  grief  at  the  death  of  his 
wife,  took  his  own  life;  aged  fifty-four  years. 

Buss,  John;  was  a  native  of  Ipswich,  Massa 
chusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1819  to  1823.  Died  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  June  22,  1832,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

Russell,  Daniel  Lindsay  ;  was  born  in  Bruns 
wick  County,  North  Carolina,  August  7,  1845;  was 


educated  at  the  Bingham  School  and  at  the  Chapel 
Hill  University;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1866;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1864,  and  re-elected  in  1865; 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior  Courts  for  the 
Fourth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1868,  and  served  six  years; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1871;  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1876;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  that  year;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

Russell,  David;  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in 
1800;  was  a  Representative  in  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  in  1  f  26  and  1830,  from  Washington  County; 
was  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Northern 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1835  to  1841,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims.  Died  at  Salem,  Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  November  24,  1861. 

Russell,  James  M.;  was  born  at  York,  Pennsyl 
vania,  November  10,  1786;  was  a  successful  lawyer; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1841  to  1843.  Died  at  Bedford,  Pennsylvania, 
December  20,  1870. 

Russell,  Jeremiah  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Russell,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1805  to  1809. 

Russell,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Middlesex 
County,  Massachusetts;  was  appointed  Minister  Plen 
ipotentiary  to  Sweden  in  1814;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1821  to  1823. 
Died  February  16,  1832. 

Russell,  Joseph ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1845  to  1847,  and  from 
1851  to  1853. 

Russell,  Samuel  L.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Russell,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
in  1874  was  appointed  from  that  State  Minister  Resi 
dent  to  Venezuela,  residing  at  Caracas. 

Russell,  "William;  was  born  in  Inland;  emi 
grated  to  Ohio;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1827  to  1833,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843. 

Russell,  "William  A.;  was  born  at  Wells  River, 
Vermont,  April  22,  1831;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  engaged  in  the  business  of  manufacturing 
paper,  in  1852,  at  Exeter,  New  Hampshire;  after 
wards  located  at  Lawrence,  Massachusetts,  in  the 
same  business,  and  established  paper  mills  in  several 
other  places;  also  engaged  in  agriculture;  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions  of 
1868  and  1876;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty -sixth,  Forty-seventh 
and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Russell,  "William  P.;  was  born  in  Saugerties, 
Ulster  County,  New  York;  was  a  merchant  for 
twenty  years;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
New  York  in  1850,  serving  one  term;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Af 
fairs. 


432 


B  I O  G  K  A  P  H  1  C  A  L     ANNALS. 


Bust,  Albert ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  removing 
to  Arkansas,  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1855  to  1857,  and  again  from  1859  to 
1861,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Koads  and  Canals, 
and  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Re 
bellious  States;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  18(il, 
and  was  a  Brigadier-General. 

.Rutherford,  Allan;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  October  29,  1839;  brought  up  in  a  mercantile 
house  and  studied  law,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1860; 
served  as  a  volunteer  officer  during  the  Rebellion, 
and  became  a  Brigadier-General  by  brevet;  settled  in 
Wilmington,  North  Carolina;  in  1866  was  appointed 
a  Captain  in  the  Regular  Army;  resigned  in  1870  to 
accept  the  office  of  Third  Auditor  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  which  office  he  resigned  in  January, 
1876. 

Rutherford,  John ;  was  a  native  of  New  York 
City;  was  a  nephew  of  William  Alexander,  Earl  of 
Stirling;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in  1776; 
was  educated  a  lawyer;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  New  Jersey  from  1791  to  1798;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1798,  1813,  and  1821;  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  Senators  in  Congress  during  the 
administration  of  President  Washington;  early  re 
tired  from  public  life,  and  being  one  of  the  largest 
landholders  in  New  Jersey,  was  actively  engaged  in 
agricultural  and  internal  improvements.  Died  at 
Ederston,  New  Jersey,  February  23,  1840,  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age. 

Rutherford,  John ;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  Governor  of  that  State  in  1841  and  1842. 

Rutherford,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  171)3  to  1797. 

Rutledge,  Edward;  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  in  November,  1749;  received  a  good 
education;  studied  law  at  the  Temple,  in  London, 
England:  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
from  1774  to  1777,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence;  took  part  in  military  affairs,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Charleston,  remaining  in  confine 
ment  nearly  a  year;  subsequently  served  in  the  State 
Assembly;  in  1798  was  elected  Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  holding  the  office  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  January  23,  1800.  He  had  an  enviable  repu 
tation,  both  as  an  orator  and  a  patriot. 

Rutledge,  John ;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1739; 
emigrated  to  South  Carolina;  studied  law  in  England: 
returning  to  South  Carolina  in  1761,  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Revolutionary  cause,  and  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress;  in  1776  was  appointed 
President  of  South  Carolina,  and  Cormnander-in- 
Chief  of  that  Colony,  having  also  been  a  member  of 
the  Convention  of  1774;  was  Governor  of  the  State 
in  1779;  was  Chancellor  of  the  State  in  1784;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  frame  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  signed  that  instrument; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1797  to  1803; 
after  having  been  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,' 
Chief  Justice  of  South  Carolina,  and  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  was  finally  pro 
moted  to  the  position  of  Chief  Justice,  but  was  not 
confirmed  by  the  Senate.  Died  in  July,  1800. 

Ryall,  D.  D.;  was  born  in  Trenton,  New  Jersey; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1839  to  1841. 

Ryan,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Oxford,  New  York, 
November  25,  1837:  was  reared  in  Bradford  ( 'ounty, 
Pennsylvania ;  received  an  academic  education'-, 


adopted  the  profession  of  the  law:  entered  the  Union 
Army  in  1862  and  was  mustered  out  as  a  Captain  in 
1864,  having  been  incapacitated  for  duty  by  wounds 
received  in  battle;  in  1865  removed  to  Kansas  and 
settled  in  Topeka;  was  County  Attorney  for  eight 
years;  was  Assistant  United  States  Attorney  from 
1873  to  1877;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kan 
sas  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth.  Forty-seventh, 
Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Ryerson,  Martin ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1815;  received  a  liberal  education  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law,  in  which  he  was  eminently  suc 
cessful;  was,  for  a  time,  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  Jersey;  in  1874  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  organized  in  Wash 
ington  for  the  purpose  of  adjudicating  the  Alabama 
Claims;  participated  to  some  extent  in  the  political 
affairs  of  his  time,  and  was  noted  for  his  high  charac 
ter  and  benevolence;  ill-health  caused  him  to  resign 
his  last  public  position,  and  he  died  at  his  residence 
in  Newton,  New  Jersey,  in  June,  1875.  He  was  re 
markable  for  his  strict  business  habits,  and  a  few 
hours  before  his  death  made  a  calculation  as  to  the 
cost  of  his  funeral,  and  signed  a  check  for  the  amount 
required,  giving  as  a  reason  that  he  did  not  want  his 
executors  to  be  troubled  about  the  matter  while  set 
tling  his  estate. 

Ryon,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Tioga  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  4,  1825;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1847  and  commenced  practice;  was  District  Attorney 
of  his  native  county  from  1850  to  1856;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress. 

Sabin,  Alvah ;  was  born  at  Georgia,  Vermont, 
October  23,  1793;  was  educated  for  the  ministry; 
served  ten  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  Secre 
tary  of  State  for  Vermont  in  1841 ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1857. 

Sabin,  Chauncey  Brewer;  was  born  at 
Oneonta,  Otsego  County,  New  York,  August  6,  1824; 
received  a  liberal  education,  completing  hi.s  college 
course  in  1840;  read  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
at  Albany,  New  York,  in  January,  1846,  and  en 
gaged  in  practice  there;  in  December,  1847,  removed 
to  Houston,  Texas,  where  he  practiced  his  profession ; 
he  remained  a  steadfast  Unionist  during  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion,  and,  in  1863,  was  compelled  to  seek 
safety  in  flight,  his  native  State  being  his  refuge; 
after  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865,  he  returned  to 
Houston  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1867 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District 
of  Texas,  and  was  the  first  .Judge  to  empanel  colored 
jurors;  he  held  this  office  until  the  Fall  of  1868;  in 
1871  removed  to  Galveston,  Texas;  was  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  in  1871-72;  in  the  Spring  of  1872  was 
appointed  City  Attorney  of  Galveston;  in  1873  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1874  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  Postmaster 
at  Galveston,  which  office  he  held  until  March  31, 
1883;  on  April  5,  1884,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Arthur,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Texas. 

Sabin,  jDwight  M.;  was  born  in  LaSalle  County, 
Illinois,  April  25,  1844;  was  reared  on  a  farm,  at 
tending  the  District  School  in  Winter;  in  18.">7  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Connecticut;  attended 
Phillips'  Academy  for  a  time;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  as  Aid  on  the  Staff  of  Dr.  Hard,  Chief  Med 
ical  Officer  of  Pleasanton's  Corp*,  for  a  few  months, 
in  1863,  but  failing  health  rompslled  him  to  resign; 
in  October  of  that  year  became  a  Clerk  in  the  office 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


433 


of  the  Third  Auditor,  at  Washington  City;  resigned 
in  1864  and  engaged  in  farming,  and  the  lumber 
business  in  Connecticut;  removed  to  Minnesota  in 
18C8,  engaging  in  lumbering  and  manufacturing,  in 
•which  he  was  very  successful;  in  187U  was  elected  a 
State  Senator,  and  was  re-elected  in  1871;  served 
several  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  became  President  of  several  large  manufac 
turing  companies;  was  elected  a  United  States  Sena 
tor  from  Minnesota  for  syc  years  from  March  4, 
1883. 

Sabin,  G-eorge  M.;  was  born  in  Cuyahoga 
County,  Ohio,  September  18,  183f>;  was  educated  at 
Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio,  graduating  therefrom 
in  185(5;  removed  to  Wisconsin;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  and  engaged  in  practice; 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  enlisted  in  the 
First  Wisconsin  Regiment,  and  served  throughout 
the  war;  removed  to  Nevada  in  1868,  and  practiced 
law;  in  1882  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Nevada,  residing  at  Carson 
City. 

Sabine,  Lorenzo ;  was  born  at  Lisbon,  New 
Hampshire,  February  28,  1803;  was  entirely  self-ed 
ucated;  was  bred  a  merchant;  was  for  many  years 
a  bank  officer;  was  for  some  time  Secretary  of  the 
Boston  Board  of  Trade;  was  three  times  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  Maine  from  Eastport;  was  at  one 
time  Deputy  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Passamaquoddy ; 
held,  in  Massachusetts,  the  position  of  Confidential 
Agent  of  the  Treasury  Department;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-second 
Congress;  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  literary  pur 
suits,  and  was  the  author  of  a  "  Life  of  Commodore 
Preble,"  "The  American  Loyalists,"  "Report  on 
the  American  Fisheries,"  and  "Notes  on  Duels  and 
Duelling  " ;  was  also  a  contributor  to  the  North  Amer 
ican  Review  and  other  leading  periodicals;  the  degree 
of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoin  and 
Harvard  Colleges. 

Sadler,  Thomas  William  ;  was  born  near  Rus- 
sellville,  Franklin  County,  Alabama,  April  17,  1831 ; 
removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Jefferson  County,  Ala 
bama,  in  1833;  received  an  academic  education;  re 
moved  to  Antauga  County,  Alabama,  in  1855;  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War;  volunteered  and  served  in  the  division 
of  the  Confederate  Army  commanded  by  General 
Joseph  Wheeler;  after  the  close  of  the  war  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits  and  the  practice  of  law;  was 
County  Superintendent  of  Education  from  1875  to 
1884;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1880;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Sackett,  William  A.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1853,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Sage,  Ebenezer ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1778;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1819  to  1820. 
Died  in  1834. 

Sage,  George  B.;  was  born  at  Erie,  Pennsyl 
vania,  August  24,  1828;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1835; 
graduated  from  Granville  College,  Ohio,  in  1849,  and 
from  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1852;  practiced 
law  at  Cincinnati  from  1852  to  1858  as  a  member  of 
the  law  firm  of  King,  Anderson  &  Sage,  and  after 
wards  of  Corwin  &  Sage;  removed  to  Lebanon,  Ohio, 
in  1858,  and  practiced  law  there  until  1865,  holding 

28 


the  office  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  three  terms;  re 
turned  to  Cincinnati  in  January,  1865,  and  practiced 
law  in  the  firm  of  Sage  &  Hinkle  until  appointed,  in 
March.  1883,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Southern  District  of  Ohio. 

Sage,  Russell;  was  born  in  Oneida  County, 
New  York,  August  4,  1816;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  commenced  active  life  as  a  clerk  in 
a  store  at  Troy,  New  York,  and  until  1853  was 
wholly  devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits;  in  1841  was 
elected  an  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Troy,  and  by  an 
nual  re-elections,  served  seven  years  in  that  capacity; 
was  Treasurer  of  Rensselaer  County  for  seven  years, 
in  which  office  he  was  especially  popular;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1853  to 
1857,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions 
and  on  Ways  and  Means.  He  was  the  first  man  who 
advocated,  on  the  floor  of  Congress,  the  purchase  of 
Mount  Vernon  by  the  General  Government. 

Safford,  A.  P.  K.;  was  Governor  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Arizona  from  1870  to  1878. 

Sailly,  Peter;  was  born  in  Loraine,  France; 
first  came  to  the  United  States  in  1783,  and  settled 
in  Clinton  County,  New  York;  having  been  well  edu 
cated,  and  possessing  a  decided  talent  for  business, 
acquired  considerable  influence,  and  held  several 
offices  of  public  trust  in  his  adopted  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1805 
to  1807;  on  his  retirement  from  that  position,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  for  the  District  of  Champlain,  holding  the  office 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Pittsburgh,  in 
1826. 

Saltonstall,  Leveret!  ;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts,  in  1781;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1802; 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Salem,  Massachu 
setts  in  1805,  and  was  distinguished  as  a  lawyer; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1831;  was  Mayor  of  Salem 
from  1836  to  1838;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1837;  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1838  to  1843;  was 
also  an  active  member  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  His 
torical  Society,  and  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  College,  to 
which  institution  he  left  a  legacy;  made  a  bequest  of 
valuable  books  to  Phillips'  Academy,  at  Exeter, 
where  he  commenced  his  education.  Died  at  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  May  8,  1845. 

Samford,  William  J.;  was  born  at  Greenville, 
Georgia,  September  16,  1844;  in  early  childhood  re 
moved  to  Alabama;  received  a  limited  education; 
left  the  University  of  Qeorgia  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
to  enter  the  Confederate  Army  as  a  private,  and  rose 
to  the  rank  of  Captain;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
to  practice  in  1871 ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1875;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Alabama  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Sammons,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1803  to  1807,  and 
again  from  1809  to  1813. 

Sample,  Samuel  O.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Sampson,  Ezekiel  S. ;  was  born  in  Huron  County, 
Ohio,  December  6,  1831 ;  received  his  early  education, 
at  public  schools;  later  at  Howe's  Academy,  Iowa, 
and  at  Knox  College,  Illinois;  studied  law,  and  began 
to  practice  at  Sigourney,  Iowa,  in  1856;  was  Prose- 


434 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


cuting  Attorney  in  1856,  1857,  and  1858;  was  Cap 
tain  in  the  Fifth  Iowa  Infantry  in  1861  and  1862, 
and  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1883  and  1864;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  1866;  was  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judi 
cial  District  of  Iowa  from  January,  1867,  to  January, 
1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
Forty -fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

»  Sampson,  Zabdiel ;  was  born  in  Plympton, 
Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1803;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from 
1817  to  1819;  in  1820  was  appointed  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Plymouth,  where  he  died,  while  in  office, 
July  19,  1828. 

Samuel,  G-reen  B.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1794;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1838  to  1841 ;  was.  for  eleven  years,  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Appeals.  Died  at  Richmond,  Janu 
ary  5,  1859,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Sandford,  John ;  was  a  native  of  New  York ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Senate,  in  the  extra  session  of  1851.  Died  in  Am 
sterdam,  Montgomery  County,  New.York,  October, 
1857. 

Sandford,  Jonah ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1827  and  1830,  from  the  county  of 
St.  Lawrence;  was  a  Representati vein  Congress  from 
1830  to  1831. 

Sandford,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  "Westmore 
land  County,  Virginia,  in  1762;  removed  to  Kentucky 
in  1792,  and  settled  at  Covington;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1799;  was  sev 
eral  times  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1807;  was 
drowned  in  the  Ohio  River,  December  10,  1808. 

Sandidge,  John  M. ;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Georgia,  January  7,  1817;  was  a  planter  by 
occupation;  served  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Louisiana  from  1846  to  1855;  in  1852  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  that  framed  the  present  Constitu 
tion  of  that  State;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  in  the 
Louisiana  Legislature  in  1854  and  1855;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Sands,  Joshua ;  was  born  in  Queens  County, 
New  York,  in  1758;  during  the  war  of  1775  was  a 
member  of  the  Brooklyn  Home  Guards;  in  1797  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  for  the  port  of  New  York;  was  at  one  time  a 
Magistrate  in  Kings  County;  also  took  an  active 
part,  with  two  brothers,  in  the  Revolutionary  War 
to  its  close;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Senate 
from  Kings  County  from  1792  to  1799 ;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1803  to  1804,  and  again  from 
1825  to  1827.  Died  in  his  native  county,  September 
13,  1835.  He  was  the  father  of  Commodore  Sands. 

Sanford,  Henry  S.;  in  1849  was  appointed  Sec 
retary  of  Legation  to  France;  from  1861  to  1869  was 
Minister  Resident  to  Belgium. 

Sanford,  James  T.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
liberally  educated;  removed  to  Tennessee  at  an  early 
day;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennes 
see  from  1823  to  1825  ;  having  acquired  a  large 
property  in  the  pursuits  of  agriculture,  he  appro 


priated  a  part  of  his  wealth  to  the  establishment  of 
"Jackson  College,"  where  many  prominent  men 
have  been  educated.  Died  many  years  ago. 

Sanford,  Jonah;  was  born  in  Cornwall,  Ver 
mont,  in  1789;  removed  to  Hopkinton,  New  York,  in 
1811;  in  1829  and  1830  represented  his  county  in  the 
State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  Silas  Wright,  from  De 
cember,  1830,  to  March,  1831;  was  one  of  the  Asso 
ciate  Judges  of  the  Court *of  Common  Pleas;  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  exerted  himself  to 
raise  a  regiment  of  troops,  in  which  he  succeeded, 
and  then  turned  it  over  to  the  command  of  another. 
Died  in  Hopkinton,  December  25,  1867. 

Sanford,  Nathan;  was  born  at  Bridgehampton, 
Long  Island,  November  5,  1779;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1799;  was  United  States  Commissioner  of 
Bankruptcy  for  New  York  in  1802;  was  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  New  York  from  1803  to  1816; 
was  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  in  1811 ;  was  afterwards 
State  Senator;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1821 ;  wasa  United  States  Senator 
from  1815  to  1821,  and  asjain  from  1825  to  1831 ;  was 
Chancellor  of  New  York  from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at 
Bridgehampton,  October,  1838. 

Sanford,  Stephen  ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  New  York,  May  26,  1826;  was  educated  at 
the  Georgetown  (District  of  Columbia)  College  and  • 
the  Poughkeepsie  Institute;  was  a  carpet  manufac 
turer;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Manufactures  and  Patents. 

Sapp,  William  Fletcher;  was  born  at  Dan 
ville,  Ohio,  November  20,  1824;  received  a  common 
school  and  academic  education;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  and  began  to  practice 
at  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio;  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  in  1854,  and  again  in  1856;  in  1860  re 
moved  to  Nebraska;  in  1861  was  appointed  Adjutant- 
General  of  Nebraska  Territory,  and  subsequently 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel;  removed  to 
Iowa;  was  a  State  Representative  in  1865;  United 
States  District  Attorney  from  1869  to  1873;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Sapp,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853 
to  1857. 

Sargeant,  Nathaniel  Peaslee;  was  born  at 
Methuen,  Massachusetts,  November  2,  1731;  gradu 
ated  at  Harvard  University  in  1750;  studied  law, 
and  practiced  in  Haverhill;  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature  in  1776 ;  was  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  became  Chief  Jus 
tice  in  1789.  Died  at  Haverhill,  Massachusetts. 
in  October,  1791. 

Sargent,  Aaron  A.;  was  born  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  September  28,  1827;  early  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  the  printing  business;  emigrated  to 
California  in  1849;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1854;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
California  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Select  Committee  on  the  Pacific  Rail 
road,  to  which  enterprise  he  was  particularly  devoted ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-Second 
Congresses;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


4:55 


term  comment-ing  in  1873  and  ending  in  1879,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  Mines  and 
Mining,  and  Appropriations;  March  2,  1882,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Garfield,  United  States  Min 
ister  to  Germany. 

Sargent,  Nathan ;  was  born  in  Puthey,  Ver 
mont.  May  5,  1794;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law.  and  in  his  twenty-third  year  removed 
to  Cahawba.  Alabama,  where  he  was  a  Judge  of  the 
County  and  Probate  Courts;  between  the  years  1826 
and  1830  resided  in  Buffalo,  New  York;  in  the  latter 
year  went  to  Philadelphia  and  established  a  Whig 
newspaper;  subsequently  became  the  Washington 
correspondent  of  the  United  States  Gazette,  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  'by  the  assumed  name  of  Oliver  Old- 
school,  became  quite  famous;  in  1849  was  elected 
Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
Washington;  was  Register  of  the  Treasury  from  1851 
to  1853;  in  1861  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Customs,  and  held  the  position  until  1871,  when  he 
resigned.  Died  in  Washington,  February  2,  1875. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  President  of  the 
Washington  Reform  School,  and  his  last  literary 
labor  was  the  preparation  of  a  work  entitled  "  Pub 
lic  Men  and  Events,"  which  came  from  the  press,  in 
two  volumes,  only  a  few  days  before  his  death.  He 
made  a  decided  mark  in  his  time  as  a  journalist,  an 
executive  officer,  and  a  man  of  high  character. 

Sarg-ent,  Winthrop ;  was  born  at  Gloucester, 
Massachusetts,  May  1,  1753;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1771;  in  1775  was  Captain  of  one  of 
his  father's  ships;  entered  the  Army  in  that  year; 
was  appointed  Navy  Agent  at  Gloucester  in  1776; 
was  Captain  and  Lieutenant  of  Knox's  Regiment  of 
Artillery  in  1776,  and  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Bos 
ton,  and  the  battles  of  Long  Island,  White  Plains, 
Trenton,  Princeton,  Braudywine,  Germantown, 
Monmouth,  etc.,  attaining  the  rank  of  Major,  serv 
ing  during  the  entire  war;  became  connected  with 
the  Ohio  Company,  and  in  1786  was  appointed,  by 
Congress,  Surveyor  of  the  Northwest  Territory;  be 
came  its  Secretary  in  1787;  was  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Mississippi  from  1798  to  1801;  was 
Adjutant-General  of  St.  Glair's  army  in  the  un 
fortunate  expedition  against  the  Indians,  in  1791. 
and  was  wounded;  was  Adjutant-General  and  In 
spector  in  Wayne's  Campaign  in  1794  and  1795;  was  a 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and 
of  the  Philosophical  Society;  he  published  "Boston, 
a  Poem,"  in  1803.  Died  on  a  voyage  from  Natchez 
to  Philadelphia,  June  3.  18:20.  His  grandson,  bear 
ing  the  same  name,  was  noted  as  an  author. 

Saulsbury,  Eli ;  was  born  in  Kent  County. 
Delaware.  December  29,1817;  was  educated  at  Dick 
inson  College;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  of  Delaware  in  1853 
and  1854;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1871, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1877,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Pensions,  Privileges  and  Elections,  Printing, 
and  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  re-elected  in 
1877,  and  again  in  1883. 

Saulsbury.'Gove ;  was  born  in  Delaware;  was 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1865,  remaining  in 
office  until  1871;  was  a  brother  of  Senator  Eli.Sauls- 
bury. 

Saulsbury,  "Willard  ;  was  born  in  Kent  Coun 
ty,  Delaware,  June  2,  1820;  was  educated  at  Dela 
ware  College  and  also  at  Dickinson  College;  studied 
Jaw,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  in  1850 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  Delaware,  hold 
ing  the  office  five  years;  in  1859  was  elected  a  Senator 


in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1865,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Pensions,  and  Patents 
and  the  Patent  Office;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chi 
cago  Convention"  of  1864;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Senate  for  the  term  ending  in  1871,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Mines  and  Mining. 

Saunders,  Alvin ;  was  born  in  Fleming  County, 
Kentucky,  July  12,  1817;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1836;  was  Postmaster  at 
Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  for  seven  years;  studied  law 
but  never  practiced;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  in  banking;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
called  to  frame  the  first  Constitution  of  Iowa;  was  a 
State  Senator  for  eight  years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Conventions  of  1860  and  18?'8; 
was  one  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  by  Congress 
to  organize  the  Pacific  Railroad  Company;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  the  Territory  of  Nebraska  from  1861  until 
it  was  admitted  as  a  State  in  1867;  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator  from  Nebraska  for  the  term 
of  six  years  from  March  4,  1877. 

Saunders,  Romulus  M.;  was  born  in  Caswell 
County,  North  Carolina.  March.  1791;  received  an 
academic  education,  and  spent  two  years  in  the 
University  of  that  State;  studic:!  law  in  Tennessee, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  there  in  1812;  returned 
to  North  Carolina;  was  in  the  House  of  Commons  from 
1815  to  1820,  and  for  two  years  Speaker  of  the  House; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North  Caro 
lina  from  18-21  to  1827,  and  from  1841  to  1845;  in 
1828  was  Attorney-General  of  the  State;  in  1833  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  to  settle 
the  claims  of  American  citizens  under  the  treaty  of 
July  4,  1831,  with  France;  in  1835  was  elected  a 
Jud'ge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  in  1846  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Minister  to  Spain,  where 
he  remained  four  years ;  on  his  return  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina;  afterwards  de 
voted  much  attention  to  the  railroad  improvements 
of  the  State.  Died  in  Raleigh,  April  21,  1867. 

Savage,  John ;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1814;  from  1815  to  1819  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State;  subsequently 
held  the  positions  of  District  Attorney,  Comptroller 
of  the  State,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York,  and  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  for 
New  York ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1845.  Died 
in  Utica,  October  19,  1863,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

Savage,  John  H.;  was  a  native  of  Warren 
County,  Tennessee;  during  his  minority  volunteered 
as  a  private  soldier,  under  General  Gaines,  to  defend 
the  Texan  frontier;  also  served  during  a  campaign  in 
Florida;  afterwards  studied  law;  commenced  prac 
tice,  in  1837,  at  Smithville,  Tennessee;  was  elected 
Colonel  of  the  Tennessee  Militia;  was  elected,  by  the 
Legislature,  Attorney-General  of  the  Fourth  District 
of  his  State,  in  1841,  and  held  the  office  until  1847; 
during  that  year  received,  from  President  Polk,  the 
appointment  of  Major  in  the  Fourteenth  Regiment 
United  States  Infantry,  and,  joining  the  American 
Army  in  Mexico,  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Con- 
treras,  Cherubusco,  and  Molina  del  Rey,  and  was 
wounded  at  Chapultepec;  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  as  such  had  command  of 
his  regiment,  after  the  death  of  Colonel  Graham, 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  on  returning  to  Tennessee, 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  in  1849 ;  was  re-elected  in 
1851;  declined  being  a  candidate  in  1853;  was  again 
elected  to  Congress  in  1855  and  1857;  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


436 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Savage,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Clermont  County, 
Ohio,  October  30,  1841;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Clinton  County,  Ohio,  in  1865;  never  held  any  pub 
lic  office  until  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Sawtelle,  Cullen ;  was  born  in  Norridgewock, 
Maine;  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829; 
served  eight  years  as  Register  of  Probate;  was  a  State 
Senator  during  the  years  1843  and  1844;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 

Sawyer,  Frederick  A. ;  was  born  in  Bolton,  Wor 
cester  County,  Massachusetts,  December  12,  1822; 
while  yet  a  boy,  acted  as  a  clerk,  and  taught  school  for 
several  winters;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1844;  was  a  teacher  at  Gardiner  and  Wiscasset,  in 
the  State  of  Maine,  for  seven  years:  from  1851  to 
1859,  continued  the  profession  of  teaching  at  Lowell, 
South  Reading,  and  Boston,  in  Massachusetts,  and  at 
Nashua,  in  New  Hampshire;  in  1859  went  to  Charles 
ton.  South  Carolina,  and  had  charge  of  the  Normal 
School  there  until  1861,  when,  as  a  loyal  man,  he 
and  his  family  were  permitted  to  return  to  New  En 
gland;  returned  to  Charleston  in  1865,  and  was  made 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention,  under  the  Acts  of 
Reconstruction,  but  was  compelled  to  decline;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina, 
for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Private  Land  Claims,  Education,  Pensions, 
and  Appropriations;  was  subsequently  appointed  As 
sistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Sawyer,  John  Gilbert ;  was  born  at  Brandon. 
Vermont,  June  5,  1825;  was  educated  at  the  com 
mon  schools  and  at  Millville  Academy;  studied  law: 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  settled  at  Albion,  Vermont;  was  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace  from  January,  1852,  to  April,  1858; 
was  District  Attorney  of  Orleans  County,  Vermont, 
from  January  1,  1863,  to  January  1,  1866;  was  Judge 
and  Surrogate  of  Orleans  County  from  January  1, 
1868,  to  January  1,  1884;  in  the  latter  year,  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Vermont  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Sawyer,  Lemuel ;  was  born  in  Camden  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1777;  was  educated  at  Flatbush, 
New  York;  studied  law;  was  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1801;  voted  in  the  Electoral  College  for  Thomas 
Jefferson  in  1804;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
North  Carolina  to  Congress  in  1807,  serving  until 
1813;  subsequently  served  in  the  same  capacity  from 
1817  to  1823,  and  from  1825  to  1829;  about  the  year 
1850  removed  to  Washington,  and  held  a  clerkship  in 
one  of  the  departments;  published  a  Life  of  John 
Randolph. 

Sawyer,  Lorenzo  ;  was  born  in  Le  Roy,  Jeffer 
son  County,  New  York,  May  23,  1820;  while  obtain 
ing  the  rudiments  of  his  education  worked  upon  a 
farm;  in  his  sixteenth  year,  went  with  his  father  to 
Pennsylvania ;  subsequently  went  to  Ohio,  and 
finished  his  education  at  the  Western  Reserve  Col 
lege;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  re 
moved  to  Illinois;  thence  to  Wisconsin;  in  1850  went 
to  California;  worked  for  a  time  in  the  mines;  set 
tled  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Sacramento ; 
soon  afterwards  went  to  Nevada,  where  he  remained 
until  1853;  settled  permanently  in  San  Francisco;  in 
1854  was  elected  Attorney  for  the  city;  was  after 
wards  appointed  Judge  of  the  District  Court  for  the 


State;  in  1863  was  elected  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  was  Chief  Justice  from 
1868  to  1870;  in  the  latter  year  was  commissioned 
United  States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Ninth  Circuit,  re 
siding  in  San  Francisco,  California. 

Sawyer,  Philetus ;  was  born  at  Whiting,  Ad- 
dison  County,  Vermont,  September  22,  1816;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  and  business  education; 
removed  to  Wisconsin  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
lumber  trade;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Wis 
consin  in  1857  and  1861 ;  in  1863  was  elected  Mayor 
of  Oshkosh,  and  re-elected  in  1864;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufactures, 
and  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  ''Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Commerce  and  Southern  Railroads; 
was  also  re-elected  to  the  three  succeeding  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad  and  as  a  member  of  various  other 
Committees;  declined  a  re-election;  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator  from  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  from  March  4.  1881. 

Sawyer,  Samuel  L.;  was  born  at  Mount  Ver- 
non,  New  Hampshire.  November  27,  1813;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1833;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Amherst,  New  Hampshire,  in  1836;  re 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1838;  was  elected  Circuit  At 
torney  in  1848,  and  re-elected  in  1852;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1861, 
and  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  of  1868; 
was  elected  a  Circuit  Judge  in  1871,  and  re-elected  in 
1874;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Forty -sixth  Congress. 

Sawyer,  S.  T.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1837  to  1839;  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Collector  of  Customs  at  Norfolk,  Virginia;  was  sub 
sequently  editor  of  the  Norfolk  Argus.  Died  in  New 
Jersey,  November  29,  1865,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

Sawyer,  William;    was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845 
to  1849. 

Say,  Benjamin ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1808  to  1809,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Joseph  Clay. 

Sayers,  Joseph  D.;  was  born  at  Grenada,  Mis 
sissippi,  September  23,  1841 ;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  Texas  in  1851 ;  was  educated  at  the  Bastrop 
Military  Institute,  at  Bastrop,  Texas;  in  1861  en 
listed  in  Fifth  Regiment  of  Texas  Volunteers  for  ser 
vice  in  the  Confederate  Army;  was,  soon  afterwards, 
appointed  Adjutant  of  the  Regiment;  for  gallantry 
on  the  field  of  battle,  was  promoted  Captain  and  as 
signed  to  the  command  of  the  Val  Verde  Battery;  in 
April,  1863,  was  severely  wounded;  was  afterwards 
promoted  to  a  Majority,  and  assigned  to  duty  as 
Chief  of  Staff  of  Green's  Cavalry  Corps;  was  again 
severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Mansfield,  Louis 
iana,  in  1864;  in  the  fall  of  1864  was  assigned  to 
duty  as  Chief  of  Artillery  for  the  Department  of 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  East  Louisiana;  after  the 
close  of  the  war,  returned  to  Bastrop,  Texas;  taught 
school  and  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Bastrop;  in  1872 
was  elected  a  State  Senator;  in  1875  was  Grand  Mas 
ter  of  Masons  for  the  State  of  Texas;  in  1876,  1877, 
and  1878  was  Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Ex 
ecutive  Committee;  in  the  latter  year  was  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Lieutenant-Governor  of  Texas;  in  1883  was  elected 
President  of  the  Live-Stock  Association  of  Texas;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Sayler,  Henry  B.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Ohio,  March  31,  1836;  removed  to  Clinton 
County,  Indiana,  in  1836;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1859;  enlisted  in  the  army  as  Lieutenant;  was  pro 
moted  to  Major  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighteenth 
Indiana  Infantry;  held  no  public  office  until  elected 
a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Weights  and 
Measures. 

Sayler,  Milton  ;  was  born  in  Lewisburg,  Preble 
Connty,  Ohio,  November  4,  1831;  graduated  at  Miami 
University  in  1852,  and  at  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School;  practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1862  and  1863,  and  of  the  City  Coun 
cils  in  1864  and  1865;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty -fourth  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revision  of 
Laws  and  Private  Land  Claims;  in  December,  1875, 
was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Scales,  Alfred  M.,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Rocking- 
ham  County,  North  Carolina,  November  26,  1827; 
was  chiefly  educated  at  the  Chapel-Hill  University ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851 ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
North  Carolina  in  1852  and  1856;  in  1857  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  his  native  State  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1861 ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs ;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses;  in  1884  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  North  Carolina  for  four  years. 

Scammon,  John  F.;  was  born  in  Saco,  Maine, 
October  24,  1786;  was  bred  a  merchant;  served  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  as  a  Representative, 
during  1817,  and  in  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1820 
and  1821;  was  Collector  of  Customs  at  Saco  from  1829 
to  1841;  was  Secretary  of  an  insurance  company  from 
1841  to  1845,  and  Treasurer  of  a  savings  bank  from  1843 
to  1845;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Maine  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1855. 
Died  May  23, 1858. 

Schell,  Richard ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  David  B.  Mellish, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Census. 

Schenck,  Abraham  H.;  was  born  in  1777; 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1801. 
1805,  and  1806;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1815  to  1817;  was  among  the 
first  who  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  under 
the  non-intercourse  laws.  Died  in  1831. 

Schenck,  Ferdinand  S.;  was  born  in  Middle- 
Bex  County,  New  Jersey,  February  11,  1790;  received 
a  common  school  education;  having  studied  medi 
cine,  was,  for  many  years,  devoted  to  its  practice; 
in  1829  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1830  and  1831;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1833  to  1837;  in 
1844  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  a 


Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  which  po 
sition  he  held  for  eight  years.  Died  atCamden,  New 
Jersey,  May  17,  1860. 

Schenck,  Robert  O.;  was  born  in  Franklin, 
Warren  County,  Ohio,  October  4,  1809;  graduated  at 
Miami  University  in  1827,  where  he  remained  one  or 
two  years  as  a  tutor;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1831,  and  settled  in  Dayton;  in  1840  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Ohio  Legislature; 
was  re-elected  in  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  his  native  State  from  1843  to  1851,  serv 
ing  on  many  committees;  during  the  Thirtieth 
Congress  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Roads 
and  Canals;  on  his  retirement  from  Congress  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Brazil, 
and  during  his  residence  in  South  America  took  part 
in  negotiating  a  number  of  treaties;  on  his  return,  in 
1853,  became  extensively  engaged  in  the  railway 
business;  in  1861  served  as  a  Brigadier  and  Major- 
General  in  the  Union  Army;  in  1862  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  in  1865  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  to  the  West  Point  Academy,  and  was  President 
of  the  Board;  served  on  the  Committee  on  the  Death 
of  President  Lincoln,  and  again  at  the  head  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  was  a  member  of  the 
National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  re 
mains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  also  of  the 
Committee  on  Retrenchment;  was  one  of  the  Repre 
sentatives  designated  by  the  House  to  attend  the 
funeral  of  General  Scott  in  1866;  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of 
1866,  and  to  the  "Soldiers'  Convention"  held  at 
Pittsburgh ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Ordinance,  and  at  the  head  of  the  Committee 
on  Ways  u:id  Means;  in  1870  was  appointed  Minister 
to  England ;  on  his  return  to  the  United  States,  set 
tled  in  Washington  City  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

Schermerhorn,  Abraham  M.;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1849 
to  1853.  Died  in  Rochester,  New  York,  August  22, 
1855. 

Schleicher,  Gustave ;  was  born  at  Darmstadt, 
Germany,  November  19,  1823;  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Giessen ;  became  a  civil  engineer,  and 
was  employed  on  the  construction  of  railroads ;  emi 
grated  to  Texas  in  1847;  at  first  lived  on  the  frontier, 
but  settled  in  San  Antonio  in  1850;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1853  and  1854;  from  1859  to 
1861  served  in  the  State  Senate;  in  1874  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty- 
sixth  Congresses.  Died,  at  Washington  City,  Jan 
uary  10,  1879. 

Schley,  William ;  was  born  in  Frederick  City, 
Maryland,  December  15,  1786;  received  an  academic 
education  in  Georgia;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  at  Augusta,  Georgia,  in  1812;  continued 
the  practice  of  his  profession  until  1825,  when  lie 
vvas  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Mid- 
lie  District  of  Georgia;  was  elected  to  the  State  Leg 
islature  in  1830;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1833  to  1835;  during  the  two  suc- 
eeding  years  was  Governor  of  Georgia;  published  a 
"Digest  of  the  English  Statutes  ";  was,  when  Gov 
ernor,  one  of  the  most  active  supporters  of  the  West 
ern  and  Atlantic  Railroad;  at  the  time  of  his  death 
,vas  President  of  the  Medical  College  of  Georgia. 
Died  at  Augusta,  Georgia,  November  20,  1858. 


438 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Schofleld,  John  McAllister;  was  born  in 
Chautanqua  County,  New  York,  September  29,  1831 ; 
removed  to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  when  a  boy; 
graduated  at  the  West  Point  Military  Academy  in 
1853,  and  was  commissioned  a  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  Second  Artillery;  was  first  stationed  in  South 
Carolina  and  Florida;  was  an  instructor  in  Natural 
Philosophy,  at  West  Point,  for  five  years;  in  1860 
w^s  granted  leave  of  absence  to  occupy  the  chair  of 
Natural  Philosophy  in  Washington  University,  at  St. 
Louis;  on  the  commencement  of  hostilities  in  1860 
was  detailed,  by  the  War  Department,  to  raise  troops 
and  was  appointed  Major  of  the  First  Missouri  Vol 
unteers;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Captain  in  the  Reg 
ular  Army:  was  Chief  of  General  Lyon's  Staif  as 
Assistant  Adjutant  when  that  heroic  General  fell  at 
Wilson's  Creek,  and  acquitted  himself  with  great  gal 
lantry;  in  November,  1861,  was  made  a  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers;  in  June,  1862,  the  entire  State 
of  Missouri  was  placed  under  his  command;  in  Octo 
ber  following  he  won  the  battle  of  Maysville,  near 
Pea  Ridge,  in  Arkansas;  soon  after  that  was  commis 
sioned  a  Major-General  of  Volunteers;  in  1864  be 
came  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Regular  Army,  and 
in  1865  was  elevated  to  the  full  rank  of  Major-Gen 
eral;  in  1864  joined  General  Sherman  with  seventeen 
thousand  men,  and  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  nearly 
all  the  engagements  of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  until 
the  surrender  of  General  Joseph  Johnston;  after  the 
war  made  a  tour  of  inspection  in  the  Southern  States; 
also  visited  Europe;  in  1867  was  assigned  to  the  First 
Military  District,  comprising  Virginia;  on  the  resig 
nation  of  General  Grant  as  Secretary  of  War  ad  in 
terim,  and  while  impeachment  was  progressing,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Secretary  of  War; 
after  the  acquittal  of  the  President,  was  duly  con 
firmed,  May  30,  1868. 

Schoolcraft,  John  L.;  was  born  in  Albany, 
New  York,  and  was  always  identified  with  that  city 
as  a  merchant;  was,  for  many  years,  President  of  the 
Commercial  Bank  of  Albany ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1849  to  1853.  Died 
at  St.  Catherine's,  Canada  West,  in  May,  18oO. 

Schoonmaker,  Cornelius  O.;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1791  to 
1793;  was,  for  fourteen  years,  before  and  after  the 
above  term,  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  the  County  of  Ulster. 

Schoonmaker,  Marius ;  was  born  in  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Schroecter,  Francis ;  was  a  citizen  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  a  man  of  superior  culture;  in  1849  was 
appointed  Charge  (P Affaires  to  Sweden;  in  1854  was 
raised  to  the  rank  of  Minister  Resident;  subsequently 
traveled  extensively  in  Europe,  and  published  an  in 
teresting  work  in  two  volumes  of  observations  on  the 
Mediterranean. 

Schultz,  Emanuel ;  was  born  in  Berks  County 
Pennsylvania,  July  25,  1819;  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1838;  engaged  in  the  business  of  manufacturing;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1673;  in  1875  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
H<  use  of  Representatives  for  the  term  of  two  years- 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 

Schumaker,  John  G.;  was  born  in  Claverack 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  June  27,  1826,  of  Ger 
man  parentage;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1847;  in  1853 
•ettled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  where  he  practiced 


his  profession;  in  1856  was  elected  District  Attorney 
for  Kings  County;  in  18(32  and  1864  was  elected  Cor 
poration  Counsel  for  the  city  of  Brooklyn;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1864;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1867;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Ninth  Census;  was  also  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses. 

Schuneman,  Martin  G-.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1805  to  1807;  was 
a  man  of  immense  size,  and  of  great  force  of  charac 
ter. 

Schureman,  James  ;  was  a  graduate  of  Queen's 
College;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  1786  and  1787;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1789  to  1791.  and  from  1797 
to  1799;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1799  to  1801, 
when  he  resigned;  was  again  a  Representative  from 
1813  to  1815;  was  at  one  time  Mayor  of  New  Bruns 
wick. 

Schurz,  Carl;  was  born  near  Cologne,  Germany, 
March  2,  1829;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Bonn;  while  yet  a  young  man,  became  connected 
with  the  press,  and  edited  a  paper  identified  with  the 
Revolution  of  1848;  took  part  in  the  defense  of  Ras- 
tadt,  after  which  he  fled  to  Switzerland ;  subsequent 
ly  resided  in  Paris  and  London,  where  he  was  a 
teacher  and  correspondent  for  three  years;  emigrated 
to  the  United  States  in  1852;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention  of  1860,  taking  a  leading  part  in 
its  proceedings;  in  1861  was  selected,  by  President 
Lincoln,  as  Minister  to  Spain,  which  position  he  soon 
resigned;  was  then  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  of 
Volunteers,  and  was  present  at  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  and  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg;  after  the 
war  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  visit  the  South 
ern  States  and  report  upon  the  affairs  of  the  Freed- 
men's  Bureau;  in  1865  and  1866  was  a  Washington 
correspondent  for  the  New  York  Tribune:  was  subse 
quently  connected  with  the  press  of  Detroit  and  St. 
Louis;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1868;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Mis 
souri  for  the  term  commencing  in  1869  and  ending  in 
1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Pensions,  Terri 
tories,  and  Military  Affairs;  in  1876  became  Secre 
tary  of  the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet  of  President 
Hayes,  remaining  in  the  position  throughout  the 
term  of  four  years;  afterwards  became  editor  of  the 
New  York  Evening  Post,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinued  until  1884. 

Schuyler,  Eugene;  was  born  at  Ithaca,  New 
York,  February  26,  1840;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  at  Yale  College  in  1859;  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  from  that  institution  in  1861;  stud 
ied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.B.  from  Columbia  College  in 
1863;  practiced  law  in  New  York,  at  the  same  time 
engaging  in  literary  pursuits;  in  1867  was  appointed 
United  States  Consul  at  Moscow,  Russia;  in  18f>9 
Consul  at  Reval;  in  that  year  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  Legation  at  St.  Petersburg,  Russia,  and, 
while  holding  that  office,  was  several  times,  for  long 
periods,  Charge  ft  Affaires;  in  1872  traveled  in  Cen 
tral  Asia,  and  in  1876  published  an  account  of  that 
country  under  the  title  of  "Turkistan";  in  1876 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation  and  Consul- 
General  at  Constantinople,  Turkey,  taking  part  in 
the  investigation  of  events  in  Bulgaria;  in  1878  was 
appointed  Consul  at  Birmingham,  England;  in  1879, 
Consul-General  at  Rome,  Italy;  in  1880,  Charge 
1  Affaires  and  Consul-General  at  Bucharest,  Rou- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


439 


mania,  where  he  signed  treaties  with  Roumania  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States;  in  1881  was  sent  on  a 
special  mission  to  Belgrade,  Servia,  where  he  con 
cluded  treaties  with  that  country;  in  1883  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  Resident  and  Consul-General  to 
Greece,  Roumania,  and  Servia;  contributed  to  various 
American  and  English  periodicals;  published  two 
translations  from  the  Russian,  "Father  and  Son," 
by  Targenef,  in  1867,  and  "  The  Cossacks, "  by  Count 
Tolstoi,  in  1878;  edited  a  translation  from  the  Fin 
nish  in  1867;  published  a  biography  of  Peter  the 
Great  in  1879  to  1883;  in  1882  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Williams  College;  was,  at  different 
times,  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Geographi 
cal  Society,  New  York;  The  Royal  Geographical  So 
ciety,  London;  The  Imperial  Russian  Geographical 
Society,  St.  Petersburg;  The  Royal  Italian  Geograph 
ical  Society,  Rome;  The  Academy  of  Arcadia,  Rome; 
The  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  London;  La  Societie 
Asiatique,  Paris,  and  The  Evangelical  School, 
Smyrna. 

Schuyler,  Philip ;  was  a  native  of  Albany,  New 
York;  was  appointed  Major-General  in  the  army  of 
the  Revolution  in  1775,  and  dispatched  to  the  forti 
fications  of  the  north  of  New  York,  to  prepare  for 
the  invasion  of  Canada;  by  the  loss  of  his  health,  the 
command  soon  devolved  upon  Montgomery;  on  his 
recovery,  directed  the  operations  against  Burgoyne, 
and  in  consequence  of  the  evacuation  of  Ticonderoga, 
unreasonably  fell  under  some  suspicion,  and  was 
superseded  in  command  by  General  Gates;  after 
wards  rendered  important  services,  though  not  in 
command;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  previous  to 
the  present  Constitution;  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  by  appointment,  from  1789  to  1791,  and  again 
in  1797,  but  resigned.  Died  at  Albany  in  1804, 
aged  seventy -three  years. 

Schuyler,  Philip  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1817  to  1819.  Died 
in  New  York  City,  February  21,  1835,  aged  sixty- 
seven  years. 

Sch warts,  John;  was  born  in  1  Jerks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  27,  1793;  received  a  common 
school  education;  served  as  Lieutenant  in  the  last 
war  with  Great  Britain;  was  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  from  1806  to  1829,  and  from  that  year  to 
1857  was  devoted  to  farming;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress.  Died  in  July,  1860,  before  the  expiration  of 
its  first  session. 

/  Scofleld,  G-lenni  W.;  was  born  in  Chantauqua 
County,  New  York,  March  11,  1S17;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1840,  and  removed  to  Warren, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843;  in  1850  and  1851  was  a  member  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Assembly,  and  from  1857  to  1859  was  in  the 
State  Senate;  in  1861  was  appointed  President  Judge 

Sot' the  Eighteenth  Judicial  District  of  the  State;  in 
18(i2  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Elections,  and  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Un 
finished  Business;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections, 
and  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  sub 
sequent  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  Register  of  the 

'  'Treasury  of  the   United   States  from  1878  to  1881, 

•.  when  he  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 

\United  States  Court  of  Claims. 

Scott,  Abraham  M.;  was  Governor  of  Missis 
sippi  from  1831  to  1833. 


Scott,  Andrew ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Ar 
kansas;  in  1819  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Scott,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Cumberland  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  in  1733;  was  a  non-commissioned  officer 
at  Braddock's  defeat  in  1755;  raised  and  commanded 
the  first  company  south  of  the  James  River  for  the 
Revolutionary  Army;  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
Third  Virginia  Battalion  in  1776;  was  distinguished 
at  Trenton;  was  Brigadier-General  in  1777;  was  at 
the  battle  of  Stony  Point  in  1779;  was  made  prisoner 
at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1780;  was  not  ex 
changed  until  near  the  close  of  the  war;  was  the  last 
to  leave  the  field  of  Monmouth,  and  was  particularly 
distinguished;  in  1785  settled  in  Woodford  County, 
Kentucky;  was  with  St.  Clair  as  Brigadier-General 
of  Kentucky  levies;  in  1791  commanded  in  an  Ex 
pedition  to  the  Wabash,  and  against  the  Indians;  in 
1794  commanded  a  portion  of  Wayne's  Army  at  the 
battle  of  Fallen  Timbers;  the  Shiretown  of  Powhat- 
tan  was  named  for  him;  also  a  County  in  Kentucky; 
was  Governor  of  Kentucky  from  1808  to  1812.  Died 
October  22,  1820. 

Scott,  Charles  L.;  was  born  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  January  23,  1827;  his  early  education  was  ac 
quired  in  the  private  schools  of  Richmond  and  at  the 
Richmond  Academy,  and  during  the  years  1844,  1845 
and  1846  he  attended  William  and  Mary  College,  at 
Williamsburg,  Virginia;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar;  practiced  law  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1847,  1848  and  1849;  in  the  latter  year  went 
to  California  in  a  sailing  vessel;  in  the  fall  of  that 
year  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  San  Fran 
cisco,  California ;  from  February,  1850.  until  the 
spring  of  1852  worked  in  the  gold  mines  in  Northern 
California;  then  went  to  Tuolumne  County,  in  South 
ern  California,  where  he  worked  in  the  mines  about 
two  years;  in  1854  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  in  1855  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
State  Senator,  but  was  defeated;  in  1856  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  California  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress;  left  his  seat  in  Congress  in  March,  1861,  and 
went  to  Alabama,  where  he  enlisted  in  the  Confeder 
ate  Army;  was  elected  Major  of  his  regiment;  par 
ticipated  in  the  first  battle  of  Manassas,  in  July, 
1861,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  right  leg;  at 
the  battle  of  Seven  Pines,  in  1862,  ruptured  his  old 
wound  and  was  compelled  to  withdraw  from  active 
service;  was  appointed,  by  President  Davis,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Inquiry  of  Longstreet's  Divi 
sion,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel  of  Cavalry,  but  was 
compelled,  by  ill-health,  to  decline  the  office;  en 
gaged  in  planting;  in  1867  became  proprietor  and 
editor  of  a  newspaper;  in  1877  removed  to  Mon 
roe  County,  Alabama,  and  engaged  in  planting;  in 
1881  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Monroe- 
ville,  Alabama;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President,  Cleveland,  United  States  Minister  to  Ven 
ezuela. 

Scott,  Gustavus ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1784  to  1785; 
was  one  of  the  original  Commissioners  of  Public 
Buildings  lor  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Scott,  Harvey  D.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  removed 
to  Indiana;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  In 
diana  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Scott,  James ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  the 
West;  in  1813  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Indiana. 

Scott,  John ;  was  born  in  Hanover  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1782;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 


440 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1805;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Indiana  in  1802; 
settled  at  St.  Genevieve,  Missouri,  in  1805;  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Missouri 
from  1816  to  1821;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Missouri  from  1821  to  1827.  Died  at  St.  Geue- 
vieve,  in  1861. 

Scott,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania,  from  18:29 
to  1831. 

Scott,  John  ;  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Hunting 
don  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  14,  1824,  his  father, 
bearing  the  same  name,  having  formerly  served  in 
Congress;  received  a  common  school  education;  stud 
ied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  was  a  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  from  1846  to  1849;  was  for  ten  years 
Solicitor  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company;  in 
1862  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  presided 
over  a  State  Convention  held  at  Williarnsport  in 
1867;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  for  the  term  commencing  in  1869  and  end 
ing  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Af 
fairs,  Claims,  and  Pacific  Railroad,  and  as  Chairman 
of  that  on  Claims. 

Scott,  John  Q.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  December  26,  1819  ;  left  that  city  when 
seventeen  years  of  age,  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the 
West;  settled  in  Missouri,  and  for  many  years  re 
sided  at  the  Iron  Mountain;  engaged  in  the  business 
of  iron-master,  and  in  developing  the  mineral  re 
sources  of  the  State;  in  1862,  at  a  special  election, 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  in  the  place  of  J.  W.  Noell, 
deceased ;  was  a  candidate  for  Congress  at  the  regu 
lar  election,  in  1862,  against  Mr.  Noell,  but  was  de 
feated  by  a  small  majority;  his  committee  duties 
were  rendered  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Scott,  John  Morin ;  was  Secretary  of  State  of 
New  York  State  in  1778  and  1789;  was  a  Delegate 
from  New  York  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1780  to  1783. 

Scott,  Robert  Kingston;  was  born  in  Arm 
strong  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  8,  1826;  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  as  M.  D.  at  the  Starling 
Medical  College,  Ohio;  settled  to  practice  in  Henry 
County,  Ohio;  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
theiSixty-eighth  Ohio  Volunteers  in  1861;  Colonel  in 
1862;*. was  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Donelson,  battle  of 
Shiloh,  and  siege  of  Corinth;  commanded  a  brigade 
at  Hatchie  River,  Tennessee,  under  General  Hmibut; 
commanded  the  advance  of  General  Logan's  Division 
on  the  march  into  Mississippi;  was  engaged  at  Port 
Gibson,  Raymond,  Jackson,  and  Champion  Hills; 
commanded  the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division, 
Seventeenth  Corps  until  July,  1865;  was  made  pris 
oner  near  Atlanta;  was  exchanged  September  24, 
1864;  was  in  Sherman's  operations  before  A  tlanta] 
and  in  the  "march  to  the  sea";  was  Assistant  Com 
missary  from  1865  to  1868;  was  Governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1863  to  1871. 

Scott,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
again  from  1793  to  1795;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac. 

Scott,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  at  London,  Frank 
lin  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  28,  1824;  was 
educated  at  the  village  school;  while  a  lad  was,  at 
different  times,  employed  in  several  village  stores; 
in  1847  became  Collector  of  Tolls  on  the  Pennsyl 


vania  Canal;  in  1850  became  General  Agent  of  the 
Eastern  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad;  in 
1858  was  made  General  Superintendent  of  the  entire 
line  of  road;  in  1860  was  elected  Vice-President  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company;  in  May,  1861, 
while  in  Washington  attending  to  railroad  business, 
was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
Volunteers;  a  few  weeks  later  was  appointed  in 
charge  of  all  Government  railways  and  telegraphs; 
in  August,  1861,  was  appointed  Assistant  Secretary  , 
of  War;  resigned  this  office  in  June,  1862,  and  re 
sumed  his  duties  as  Vice-President  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Railroad  Company;  in  1863  became  Colonel 
and  Assistant  Quartermaster  on  the  Staff  of 
General  Hooker;  then  resumed  his  former  office  in 
the  Railroad  Company;  was  a  Director  in  several 
Railroad  Companies;  from  March,  1871,  to  March, 
1872,  was,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties,  President 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  Company;  in  May, 
1872,  was  elected  President  of  the  Texas  Pacific 
Railway  Company;  in  August.  187:?,  was  elected 
President  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railway  Com 
pany;  in  1874  was  elected  President  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Railroad  Company;  in  May,  1880,  resigned 
the  latter  office.  Died  May  21,  1881. 

Scott,  William  L.;  was  born  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  July  2,  1828,  his  parents  being  residents  of 
Virginia;  his  father,  Robert  I.  Scott,  was  a  graduate 
of  West  Point,  in  the  class  of  1812,  and  his  grand 
father,  Gustavus  Scott,  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  was  appointed, 
by  President  Washington,  the  first  Commissioner  of 
Public  Buildings  in  the  City  of  Washington;  Mr. 
Scott  received  a  common  school  education;  was  a 
Page  in  the  National  House  of  Representatives  from 
1840  to  1846;  in  1848  settled  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania, 
as  a  clerk  in  the  shipping  business;  in  1850  engaged  in 
the  coal  and  shipping  business, owning  and  employing 
steam  and  sailing  vessels  on  the  Lakes;  subsequently 
became  largely  interested  in  iron  manufacturing, 
coal  mining,  and  the  construction  and  operation  of 
railroads;  as  1'resident  or  Director,  was  interested  in 
22,000  miles  of  completed  road,  probably  the  largest 
mileage  in  the  management  of  which  one  man  was 
ever  interested;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Conventions  of  1868  and  1880;  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Erie  in  1866,  and  again  in  1871;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  National  Committee  from 
1876  to  1884;  by  the  union  of  Democrats  and  Inde 
pendent  Republicans  in  1884  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

Scott,  "Winneld ;  was  born  near  Petersburg, 
Virginia,  June  13,  1786;  attended  the  High  School  at 
Richmond,  and  William  and  Mary  College;  went 
through  a  course  of  law  studies,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1806;  his  first  military  service  was  ren 
dered  in  1807,  when  he  joined  a  Militia  company  of 
horse,  to  repel  the  anticipated  invasion  of  the  British; 
in  1809,  after  having  made  an  effort  to  settle  in 
South  Carolina  as  a  lawyer,  was  commissioned  a  Cap 
tain,  and  joined  the  army  at  New  Orleans;  returned 
home  in  1810,  but  rejoined  the  Army  of  Louisiana 
in  1811;  in  1812  was  raised  to  the  rank  of 
Major,  and  later  to  that  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and 
ordered  to  Buffalo;  in  the  affair  of  Qneenstown  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  British ;  was  exchanged  early 
in  1813;  before  the  close  of  that  year  captured  Fort 
George,  and  was  commissioned  a  Colonel;  in  1814 
was  made  Adjutant-General,  and  during  the  summer 
of  that  year  won  the  important  battles  of  Chippewa 
and  Lundy's  Lane,  in  the  last  of  which  he  was 
wounded;  for  these  important,  services  was  brevetted 
Major-General;  received,  with  the  thanks  of  the 


BIOGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


441 


nation,  a  gold  medal  from   Congress,   and  was  ten- i      Scranton,   Joseph  A.;  was  born  at  Madison, 


dered  the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  War,  which  he 
declined;  early  in  1832  took  part  in  the  campaign 
against  Black  Hawk;  before  the  close  of  that  year 
was  ordered  to  Charleston,  where,  as  a  peacemaker, 
he  did  much  to  quell  the  excitement  growing  out  of 
Nullification;  in  1837  was  assigned  to  duty  against 
the  Seminoles  in  Florida,  and  also  against  the  Creek 
Indians;  his  presence  on  the  Canadian  frontier  in 
18,58  and  1839  did  much  to  quiet  the  troubles  of  that 
exciting  period;  in  1841,   on  the  death  of  General 
Macomb,  became  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Army; 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  War  with  Mexico;  his 
first  service  there  was  to   invest  Vera  Cruz,  which 
surrendered  to  his  arms;  then  defeated  Santa  Anna 
at  Cerro  Gordo ;  entered  Jalapa;  occupied  the  Castle 
and  town  of  Perote,  and  the  City  of  Puebla;  defeated 
the  enemy  at  Contreras  and  Cherubusco;  carried,  by 
assault,    the  great  fortification  of  Chapultepec,  the 
key  to  the   City   of  Mexico;    entered  the  City    of 
Mexico  as  victor,  and,  the  object  of  the  war  having 
been  accomplished,  peace  wasconcluded  in  February, 
1848;  although  an  attempt  was  made  by  a  rival  Gen 
eral  to  injure  his  fame,  he  returned  to   Washington, 
and  resumed  his  position  at  the  head  of  the  Army; 
was   Secretary   of  War   ad  interim,  in   1850,  under 
President  Fillmore;  in  1852  became  the  Whig  candi 
date  for  the  office  of  President,  but  was  defeated ;  in 
185!)  was  honored  with  the  brevet  title  of  Lieu  tenant- 
General,  the  rank  having  been  established  by  Con 
gress  for  his  exclusive  benefit,  and  so  framed  that  it 
should  not  survive  him;  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Eebellion    again    rendered    important    services    by 
securing  to  the  Government  the  possession  of  Wash 
ington  City  and  the  safe  inauguration  of  President 
Lincoln;  on  the  last  day  of  October,  1861,  because  of 
his  declining   health,  he  asked   to  be   retired  from 
active  service;  on  the  1st  of  November  the  President, 
attended  by  all  his  Cabinet,  waited  upon  him  at  his 
residence,  and  read  to  him  the  order  which  placed 
him  on  the  retired  list,  "without  reduction  in  his 
current  pay,  subsistence,  or  allowance,"  and  on  the 
same  day  Major-General  George  B.  McClellan  was  ap 
pointed  his  successor  in  command  of  the  army;  sub 
sequently  made  a  brief  visit  to  Europe;  on  his  return 
settled  at  West  Point,  New  York;  published   "In 
fantry  Tactics";  "Regulations  of  the  Army,"  and 
an   ' '  Autobiography' ' ;    several   biographies   of  him 
were  issued  during  his  life,  by  E.  D.  Mansfield  and 
others.     Died  at  West  Point,  May  29,  1866. 

Scoville,  Jonathan;  was  born  at  Salisbury, 
Connecticut;  received  a  good  education;  engaged  in 
the  business  of  mining  and  manufacturing  iron  at 
Canaan,  Connecticut,  in  1854;  removed  to  Buffalo, 
New  York,  in  18;>0,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  car  wheels;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty -sixth  Congress,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Ray  V.  Pierce; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress. 


Scranton,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Madison, 
New  Haven  County,  Connecticut.  May  23,  1811;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  removed  to  New  Jersey;  subsequently 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  the  iron 
and  railroad  business,  having  extensive  interests  at 
Oxford,  New  Jersey,  and  at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania; 
held  the  positions,  severely,  of  President  of  the  Dela 
ware.  Lackawanna  and  Western  Railroad  Company, 
and  of  the  Cayuga  and  Susquehanna  Railway;  in  1858 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress.  Died  at  Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  March 
24,  1861. 


Connecticut,  July  26,  1838;  removed  to  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1847;  received  an  academic  education;  was 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  from  1862  to  1866; 
in  1867  founded  the  Scranton  Republican  newspaper; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1872;  was  Postmaster  at  Scranton,  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1874  to  1881 ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress; 
in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Scruggs,  William  L.;  was  born  near  Knox- 
ville,  Tennessee,  September  14,  1834;  received  a 
classical  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1869;  was  editor  of  the  Columbus 
(Georgia)  Sun  from  1861  to  1864;  in  1865  became 
editor  of  the  New  Era,  at  Atlanta,  Georgia;  in  1867 
severed  his  connection  with  the  New  Era,  and  estab 
lished  a  paper  in  the  interest  of  reconstruction;  was 
again  chief  editor  of  the  New  Era  from  1870  to  1872, 
when  he  became  editor  of  the  Whig;  in  the  latter 
part  of  1872  was  appointed  United  States  Assessor  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  the  District  of  Georgia;  in  1873 
was  appointed  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  remaining  in  that  position 
until  the  mission  was  abolished,  in  1876;  in  1879 
was  appointed  United  States  Consul  at  Chin  Kiang, 
China,  and  a  few  months  later  was  promoted  to  the 
Consulate  at  Canton,  China;  the  Colombian  mission 
having  been  revived,  Mr.  Scruggs  was,  in  1882, 
transferred  to  that  station. 

Scudder,  Henry  J.;  was  born  in  Northport, 
Suffolk  County,  New  York,  in  1825;  graduated  at 
Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1846; 
studied  law  in  New  York  City;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848,  and  practiced  in  the  State  of  New  York; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
War  Claims. 

Scudder,  Isaac  "W.;  was  born  in  Elizabeth,  in 
1818;  studied  law  with  his  father;  removed  to  Jersey 
City,  and  commenced  practice  there;  was  twice 
Prosecutor  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Hudson 
County;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  one 
or  more  Committees. 

Scudder,  John  A.;  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey; 
was  a  physician  by  profession;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  his  native  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  James  Cox,  who  died  in  1810. 


Scudder,  Nathaniel;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1751 ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jersey  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1779,  and  was 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 
Died  in  1781. 


Scudder,  Tread-well;  was,  for  six  years,  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

Scudder,  Zeno ;  was  born  in  Barnstable,  Mas 
sachusetts,  August  18,  1807;  filled  with  credit  vari 
ous  public  positions;  was  President  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Senate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1851  to  1854,  when  he  was 
compelled,  by  failing  health,  to  resign  his  seat;  was 
a  good  lawyer,  and  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  re 
spect  of  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  Died  at 
Barnstable,  Massachusetts,  June  26,  1857. 


442 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Scurry,  Richardson;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
•was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Texas, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Seabrook,  Whitemarsh  B.;  was  born  in 
South  Carolina  in  1795;  graduated  at  the  New  Jersey 
College  in  1812;  served  in  the  State  Senate;  was 
President  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  South  Carolina  from  1848  to  1850.  Died  in 
St.  Luke's  Parish,  April  16,  1855. 

Seal,  Roderick ;  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Mississippi;  received  a  good  education ;  adopted  thfi 
profession  of  the  law;  held  no  public  position  except 
that  of  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature;  in  1875 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mississippi  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Seaman,  Henry  J.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Searing1,  John  A.;  was  born  in  Queens  County, 
New  York,  May  14,  1814;  his  father  died  when  he 
was  young,  and  he  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools  of  New  York,  by  his  grandparents;  was  bred 
a  farmer;  held  several  public  positions  previously  to 
his  election  as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
18">3;  was  chosen  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the'  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  Accounts. 

Searle,  James;  was  born  in  New  York  City 
about  1730;  was  a  merchant  in  the  house  of  his 
brother,  in  Madeira;  settled  in  Philadelphia  about 
1763;  signed  the  non-importation  agreement  of  1765 ; 
was  one  of  the  managers  of  the  United  States  Lottery 
from  1776  to  1778,  when  he  was,  for  a  short  time,  a 
member  of  the  Navy  Board;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  178U,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Qommerce,  Foreign 
Affairs,  and  of  the  Marine ;  in  1780  was  sent  to 
Europe  to  negotiate  a  State  loan  for  Pennsylvania, 
but  returned  unsuccessful  in  1782.  Died  at  Phila 
delphia,  August  7,  1797. 

Seaton,  Charles  W.;  was  a  resident  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  was,  for  some  years,  a  clerk  in  the 
Census  Bureau  at  Washington ;  in  November,  1881, 
was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Census  Bureau. 

Seaton,  William  Winston;  was  born  in  King 
William  County,  Virginia,  January  11.  1785;  was 
chiefly  educated  by  private  tutors;  early  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  printing;  edited  a  paper  in  Petersburg, 
Virginia,  and  also  another  in  Halifax,  North  Carolina; 
became  connected  with  the  Register,  in  Raleigh;  in 
1812  went  to  Washington  City,  and  joined  his  brother- 
in-law,  Joseph  Gales,  in  the  management  of  the  Xntion- 
al  Intelligencer,  with  which  he  was  most  honorably 
identified  until  his  death  in  Washington,  which  oc 
curred  June  16,  1866;  held  a  great  many  local  offices 
In  the  Federal  city;  was  frequently  elected  Mayor; 
was  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  in  con 
junction  with  Mr.  Gales,  was  one  of  the  L'ublic  Prin 
ters  for  very  many  years,  and  left  a  brilliant  reputa 
tion  for  his  merits  as  a  man,  and  his  character  as  an 
editor  and  statesman;  a  few  years  after  his  death  a 
sketch  of  his  life,  with  correspondence,  was  published 
by  one  of  his  daughters,  Miss  Josephine  Seaton;  for 
a  chapter  of  personal  recollections,  the  reader  is  re 
ferred  to  "Haphazard  Personalities,"  by  the  present 
writer. 

Seaver,  Ebenezer;  was  born  in  1763;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1784;  was  a  member  of  the 
btate  Legislature  from  1794  to  1802;  was  a  member 


of  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention"  of  1820; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 
from  1803  to  1813.  Died  in  Roxbury,  Massachusetts, 
March  1,  1844. 

Seay,  William  A. ;  was  a  resident  of  Louisiana; 
in  May,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Minister  Resident  and  Consul-General  of  the 
United  Stales  to  Bolivia. 

Sebastian,  William  K.;  was  born  in  Vernon, 
Tennessee;  was  educated  at  Columbia  College,  in 
that  State;  settled  in  Arkansas,  in  1835,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  soon  after  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney,  and  held  the  office  until  1837;  was  Circuit 
Judge  from  1840  to  1842;  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed  a  State  Supreme  Judge;  was  a  State  Senator, 
and  President  of  the  State  Senate  in  1846;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  was  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Arkansas  from  1847  to  1853;  was  re- 
elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1859,  and,  in  the  latter 
year,  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Territories;  was  ex 
pelled  for  disloyalty  July  11,  1861. 

Seddon,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851 ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Confederate  Government,  as  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  in  1861,  having  previously 
been  a  Delegate  to  the  ' '  Peace  Congress ' '  of  that 
year;  in  1862  became  the  Confederate  Secretary  of 
War. 

Sedgwick,  C.  B.;  was  born  in  Pompey,  New 
York,  March,  1815;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
that  Committee;  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to  look  after  certain 
naval  affairs. 

Sedgwick,  Theodore ;  was  born  at  West  Hart- 
lord,  Connecticut,  in  May,  1746:  was  educated  at 
Yale  College,  but  did  not  graduate;  in  leaving  this 
institution  commenced  the  study  of  theology,  but 
soon  relinquished  it  and  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  before  reaching  the  age  of  twenty-one; 
commenced  practice  at  Great  Barrington,  Massachu 
setts;  then  settled  at  Sheffield,  and  afterwards  at 
Stockbridge,  in  the  same  county;  was  a  zealous  pat 
riot  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress  in  1785  and  178(i;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  from  17S9  to  1796;  was 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  1796  to  1798J  and 
served  as  President  pro  tern,  during  one  session;  in 
1799  was  again  a  member  of  the  House,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker;  from  1H02  until  his  death  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts;  died 
at  Boston,  January  24.  1813;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Princeton  College  and  Cambridge  Uni 
versity.  As  a  statesman  and  jurist  he  was  highly 
valued  by  his  country.  His  life  was,  in  an  uncom 
mon  degree,  varied  and  active;  his  industry  was  un 
wearied,  and  an  ardent  enthusiasm  was  the  basis  of 
his  character. 

Seeley,  John  E.  ;  was  born  in  Ovid,  New  York, 
August  1,  1810;  graduated  in  Yale  College  in  1835; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  was  elected 
County  Judge  and  Surrogate  in  1851,  and  served  four 
years;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860  and  also  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


443 


1864;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Freedmen's  Affairs. 

Seely,  Elias  P. ;  was  Governor  of  New  Jersey 
for  a  part  of  the  year  1833. 

Seelye,  Julius  H.  ;  was  born  in  Danbury,  (now 
Bethel)  Connecticut,  September  4,  1824;  graduated 
at  Amherst  College  in  1849;  studied  in  Auburn 
Theological  Seminary;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  Schenectady,  New  York, 
in  1853,  and  remained  there  until  appointed  Pro 
fessor  at  Amherst  College  in  1858;  was  the  author  of 
"Christian  Memories,"  etc.;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Segar,  Joseph  E.  ;  was  born  in  King  William 
County,  Virginia,  June  1,  1804;  in  1836  was  elected 
j  to  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia,  and  continued 
^to  serve  for  several  years;  was  again  elected  to  the 
i  same  position  in  1848,  and  continued  to  serve  almost 
j  uninterruptedly  until  the  State  rebelled  against  the 
| Union;  after  Eastern  Virginia  was  restored  to  the 
j  Federal  authority,  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Seibels,  J.  J. ;  was  a  citizen  of  Alabama;  in  1853 
was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Belgium;  was  com 
missioned  Minister  Resident  in  1854;  resigned  in 
1857. 

Selden,  Dudley  ;  was  a  prominent  member  of 
the  New  York  bar;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1833  to  1835;  died  in  Paris, 
France,  November  7,  1855. 

Selden,  Joseph ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Ar 
kansas;  in  1820  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Arkansas. 

Selden,  William ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1839 
was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  hold 
ing  the  office  until  1850;  from  1858  until  1861  was 
Marshal  of  the  United  States,  attendant  on  the 
Supreme  Court. 

Sells,  Elijah ;  was  appointed  Third  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury  in  1864,  remaining  in  office  only  from  July 
to  October,  when  he  was  appointed  Sixth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury  and  remained  in  office  until  1865. 

Selye,  Lewis  ;  was  born  in  Chittenango,  Madi 
son  County,  New  York,  July  11,  1808;  received  a 
common  school  education;  removed  to  Rochester, 
New  York,  in  1824;  became  extensively  engaged  in 
the  manufacturing  business,  and  was  long  identified 
with  the  growth  and  interests  of  that  city ;  was,  for 
many  years,  a  member  of  the  City  Corporation;  also 
held  the  office  of  Supervisor  of  Monroe  County; 
was,  for  seven  years,  the  Treasurer  of  the  county,;  in 
1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Manufactures  and  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Semmes,  Benedict  J.;  was  born  in  Charles 
County,  Maryland,  November  1,  1789;  was  bred  to 
the  profession  of  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Medical  School  in  Baltimore  about  the  year  1811; 
settled  in  Piscataway,  Maryland,  where  he  acquired 
an  extensive  practice,  but  subsequently  relinquished 
his  profession;  in  1821  was  elected  to  the  State  Leg 
islature;  was  again  elected  in  1825,  1827,  and  1828, 
and  during  one  session  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Delegates;  in  1821  introduced  and  carried 
through  a  bill  for  removing  religious  tests,  as  applica 


ble  to  office  in  Maryland;  in  1829  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Maryland;  was  re-elected 
in  1831;  his  health  failing  soon  after  found  it  neces 
sary  to  retire  at  a  time  when  there  was  no  opposition 
to  him  in  his  district;  again  served  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  in  1842  and  1843. 

Semple,  James ;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1800; 
emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1827;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  served  six 
years,  during  four  of  which  he  officiated  as  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives;  in  1833  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  the  State;  was  appointed  Charge 
<r  Affaires  to  New  Granada  in  1837;  was  elected  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in 
1842;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from 
1843  to  1847.  Died  at  Elsah  Landing,  Illinois,  in 
January,  1867. 

Sener,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Fredericksburg, 
Virginia,  May  18,  1837;  attended  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Virginia  as  a  State  student,  and  gradu 
ated;  studied  law  at  the  Lexington  Law  School;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860;  was  Sergeant  of  the  city 
of  Fredericksburg  in  1863;  was  army  correspondent 
of  the  Southern  Associated  Press  with  General  Lee's 
army  during  the  late  war;  from  1865  was  editor  of 
the  Fredericksburg  Ledger;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention  at  Philadelphia  in 
1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Department  of  Justice  and  on  that 
on  Freedmen's  Affairs ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Repub 
lican  National  Convention  of  1876;  was  a  member  of 
the  Republican  National  Committee  for  four  years; 
member  of  the  Republican  National  Executive  Com 
mittee  in  the  campaign  of  1876;  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  of 
Wyoming  in  1879. 

Seney,  George  E.;  was  born  at  Uniontown, 
Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  29,  1832;  the 
same  year  was  taken,  by  his  parents,  to  Tiffin,  Ohio, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  thereafter;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Norwalk  Seminary,  Ohio;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  commenced 
practice  at  Tiffin;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in  1857  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  Court,  and  served  five 
years,  declining  a  re-nomination;  in  1858  declined 
the  office  of  United  States  District  Attorney,  ten 
dered  him  by  President  Buchanan ;  served  as  a  com 
missioned  officer  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
Civil  War;  was  defeated  for  Congress  in  1874;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  of 
1876;  declined  the  nomination  1'or  Congress  in  1878; 
was  the  author  of  "  Seney's  Code  of  Procedure"; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Seney,  Joshua ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  in  1787  and  1788;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1789  to  1792; 
was  Presidental  Elector  in  1792. 

Senter,  De-witt  C.;  was  Governor  of  Tennessee 
from  1869  to  1871. 

Senter,  'William  T.;  was  born  in  Granger  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  in  1802,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1843  to  1845.  Died 
August  28,  1849. 

Sergeant,  John;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1779;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1795;  was,  for  a  short  time,  a  clerk  in  a  stor«: 


444 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


studied  law,  aud  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1799; 
his  first  appointment  was  that  of  Prosecutor  for  the 
Commonwealth,  which  he  held  several  years;  was, 
for  more  than  half  a  century,  known  and  honored  for 
his  extraordinary  ability  in  his  profession,  the  law, 
for  his  habitual  courtesy,  his  liberal  fairness,  and  his 
integrity;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  Congress, 
»  and  served  from  1815  to  1823,  from  1827  to  1829,  and 
from  1837  to  1842;  was  especially  famous  for  his  part 
in  the  great  Missouri  Compromise  in  1820;  for  the 
Panama  Congress,  Mr.  Sergeant  was  selected  by 
President  Adams  to  represent  the  United  States; 
the  measures  of  international  law  which  were  pro 
posed  to  be  settled  in  that  Congress  were  deemed  so 
important  that  Mr.  Clay,  the  Secretary  of  State,  had 
filled  eighty  pages  of  instructions  to  Mr.  Sergeant  on 
the  subject;  in  1832  Mr.  Sergeant  was  the  Whig  can 
didate  for  Vice-President,  being  upon  the  same  ticket 
with  Henry  Clay;  forty-nine  electoral  votes  were 
<ast  for  these  candidates;  at  the  outset  of  President 
Harrison's  administration,  Mr.  Sergeant  was  ten 
dered  the  mission  to  England,  which  he  declined;  in 
the  cause  of  charity  he  was  never  appealed  to  in  vain; 
for  many  years  before  his  death,  took  an  active  in 
terest  in  all  the  public  affairs  of  his  native  city. 
Died  in  Philadelphia,  November  23,  1852. 

Sergeant,  Jonathan  Dickinson ;  was  born  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  1746;  graduated  at  New 
Jersey  College  in  1762;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  his  native  State;  was  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1776  and  1777;  took  his  seat 
a  few  days  after  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  in 
July,  1777,  became  Attorney-General  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  which  position  he  resigned  in  1780,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  his  profession ;  before  the  close  of  the 
war,  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and  from  his  benevo 
lent  exertions  as  one  of  the  Board  of  Health,  during 
the  prevalence  of  the  yellow  fever,  fell  a  victim  to 
that  disease,  and  died,  October,  1793. 

Service,  Francis  GK;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
removed  to  Ohio,  from  which  State  he  was  appointed 
an  Associate  Justice  for  the  Territory  of  Montana,  re 
siding  at  Virginia  City. 

Session,  "Walter  L.;  was  born  in  Brandon,  Ver 
mont;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  received  an  academic- 
education;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  profession; 
was  Commissioner  of  Schools  for  several  years;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1853  and 
1854;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1859  and 
1865;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Forty -second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims,  and 
Mines  and  Mining;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Settle,  Thomas;  was  horn  in  Eockingham 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1815,  and  in  1826 
1827,  and  1828,  at  which  last  session  he  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1817  to  1821;  in  1832  was  chosen 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Law  and  Equity,  and 
held  the  office  for  twenty  years,  when  he  resigned; 
was  highly  esteemed  for  his  many  virtues.  Died  in 
Eockingham  County,  August  5,  1857,  aged  sixty-five 


Settle,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Eockingham 
County,  North  Carolina,  January  23,  1831;  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  Settle,  who  served  in  Congress  from 
1817  to  1821 ;  graduated  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1850;  in  1851  was  Private  Secretary  to 
the  Governor  of  North  Carolina;  in  1852  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law;  in  December,  1853,  was  ad 


mitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law; 
in  1854  was  elected  a  Representative   in  the   North 
Carolina   Legislature;    was  re-elected  in   1856  aud 
1858,  serving  as  Speaker  of  the  House  during  his  last 
term;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  in   1859 
was  elected  Solicitor  for  the  Fourth  Judicial  Circuit 
of  North  Carolina;  in  1861  entered  the  Confederate 
Army  as   Captain,  serving  one  year;    in   1862  was 
again  elected  Solicitor  of  the  Fourth  Circuit,  holding 
the  office  until  1865;  in  the  latter  year  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention,  and ; 
in  the  Fall   of  the  same  year  was  elected  a  State : 
Senator,  under  the  provisions  of  the  new  Constitu 
tion;   towards  the  close    of  the  Legislative  session, 
was  again  elected   Solicitor  of  the  Fourth  Judicial' 
Circuit,  which  office  he   held  until   1868,  when   he 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North 
Carolina,  the  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court  being  his 
former  law  preceptor — Judge  Richmond  M.  Pearson; 
resigned  in  1871  to  accept  the  post  of  Envoy  Extra-  / 
ordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United, 
States  to  Peru,  to  which  he  had  been  appointed  by' 
President  Grant;    ill-health  compelled  him  to  resign, 
in  1872,  and  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  North  Carolina;  in  the  same  year  was  President 
of  the  Republican  National  Convention;  in  the  Fall 
of  that  year  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  North  Carolina,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  1876 
was  nominated  as  the  Republican  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  of  North  Carolina,  and  resigned  the  Judgeship; 
made  a  joint  canvass  of  the  State  with  his  opponent, 
Zebulon  B.  Vance,  and,   although  receiving  an  un 
paralleled  number  of  votes,  was  defeated;  in  1877 
was   appointed,  by   President  Grant,  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  Northern  District  of  Florida, 
and  removed  to  Jacksonville,  Florida,  to  assume  the 
duties  of  his  office. 

Severance,  Luther;  was  born  at  Montague, 
Massachusetts,  October  28,  1797;  commenced  his 
career  as  a  printer  in  the  office  of  the  National  In- 
teUiffcncer,  at  Washington,  D.  C. :  was  the  founder  of 
the  Kennebec  Journal,  and  editor  from  1825  to  1849; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from 
1843  to  1847;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Legislature,  serving  five  years  in  the  Assembly  and 
two  years  in  the  Senate;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Taylor,  Commissioner  to  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
Died  at  Augusta,  Maine,  January  25,  1855. 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H.;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  , 
1802;  had  few  early  advantages  of  education,    but'' 
relied  on  his  own  energies,  aud  removed  to  the  Ter-  • 
ritory  of  Arkansas,  where,  before  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  as  an  Attorney;  was : 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Legislature,  and,  as  soon  as  he 
was  eligible,  was  elected  a  member  of  that  body, 
first  in  1823  and  again  in  1825;  from  1827  to  1836  : 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  Arkansas;  when  the  II 
Territory  became  a  State,  in  1836,  was  elected  a  Sen-  i! 
ator  to  Congress;  was.  for  many  years,  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  afterwards  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign    Relations;    resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  in  1848  to  accept,  from  President 
Polk,  the  appointment  on  a  special  mission  to  Mexico, 
to  negotiate  a  peace;   he   possessed  the  unbounded 
confidence  of  his  constituents  and  party.      Died  at 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  December  21,  1848. 


Sevier,  John;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1744; 
was  an  Officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  dis 
tinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain 
in  1780;  for  his  services  on  that  occasion  the  Legisla 
ture  of  North  Carolina,  in  1813,  voted  him  a  sword- 
commanded  the  forces  which  defeated  the  Creek  and 
Cherokee  Indians  in  1789;  was  afterwards  a  General 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


445 


In  the   Provisional   Army;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  in  1790  and  1791;  from 
1796  to  1801  and  1803  to  1809  was  Governor  of  Ten 
nessee;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ten 
nessee  from  1811   to  1815;  was  then  appointed,  by 
President  Monroe,  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  as- 
;    certain  the  boundary  line  of  the  Creek   Territory. 
;• ;  Died  while  engaged  in  that  service,  at  Fort  Decatur, 
a    September  24,  1815.      Was  one  of  those  who  voted 
1    for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Poto- 
f    mac. 

Sewall,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Boston,   Massa- 

j    chnsetts,  December  11,  1757;  graduated  at  Harvard 

.  I  College  in  1776' ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  settled 

' ;  at  Marblehead,  Massachusetts;  in  1796  was  elected  a 

.'  >  Representative  in  Congress,  serving  until  1800,  when 

•  he  resigned;  was  distinguished  in  that  body  by  his 

knowledge  of  commercial  law  ;   was  a  Presidential 

,  :  Elector  in  1801;  in  1800  was  placed  upon  the  bench 

!  \  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1813 

was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court.     Died  at 

Wiscasset,  June  8,  1814,  where  the  members  of  the 

bar  erected  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

Seward,  George  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
\    received  a  liberal  education;  in  1863  was  sent  by  his 
'  j  nncle,   William   H.    Seward,    as  Consul   General   to 
Shanghai,  in  China,  where  he  acquitted  himself  with 
faithfulness;  in  1875  was   appointed  Minister  Pleni 
potentiary  to  China,  as  the  successor  of  B.  P.  Avery, 
who  died  at  his  post  of  duty. 

Seward,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  in  New 
York,  and  was  the  son  of  William  H.  Seward;  re 
ceived  a  good  education  and  studied  law;  was,  for 
several  years,  an  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  State  De 
partment;  in  1866  was  commissioned  to  negotiate 
for  the  cession  of  Samana  Bay;  was  subsequently 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New  York. 

Seward,  James  L.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was 
bred  a  lawyer;  in  1836  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  serving  several  years;  entered  Congress  in 
1853,  as  a  Representative  from  Georgia,  and  contin 
ued  there  to  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs;  resided  at  Thomasville,  and  was  an  active 
man  in  public  affairs. 

Seward,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Florida, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  May  16,  1801;  graduated 
at  Union  College  in  1820;  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1822;  settled  at  Auburn,  New 
York,  in  1823;  in  1830  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate  for  four  years;  in  1834,  as  a  Whig,  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State;  in 
1838  was  re-nominated  and  was  elected  for  two 
years;  was  re-elected  for  two  years;  in  1843  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Auburn,  attending 
chiefly  to  business  in  the  Federal  courts;  in  1849  was 
chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  York  for  six 
years,  and  took  his  seat  at  the  extra  session  called  to 
consider  the  nominations  of  President  Taylor;  was  re- 
elected  in  1855,  and  held  the  position  until  he  be 
came  Secretary  of  State,  under  President  Lincoln,  in 
1861;  in  1860  was  spoken  of  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Presidency,  and  during  that  year  made  a  journey  to 
Egypt  and  the  Holy  Land ;  on  the  night  of  the  assas 
sination  of  President  Lincoln,  April  14,  1865,  while 
confined  to  his  bed  by  serious  illness,  an  attempt  was 
made  to  take  his  life  also;  the  assassin,  named  Payne, 
inflicted  a  severe  wound  with  a  knife,  from  the  ef 
fects  of  which,  after  much  suffering,  he  finally  re 
covered,  and  resumed  his  duties  in  the  Cabinet;  in 
1849  published  the  "Life  and  Public  Services  of 


John  Quincy  Adams";  his  own  life  and  collected 
speeches  were  published  in  four  volumes,  between 
1813  and  1862,  edited  by  George  E.  Baker;  in  1871 
made  the  tour  of  the  world.  Died  at  Auburn,  New 
York,  October  10,  1872. 

Sewell,  David ;  was  born  at  York,  Maine,  Octo 
ber  7,  1735;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1755;  was  a  classmate  and  friend  of  John  Adams;  in 
1759  established  himself  at  York  and  practiced  law 
several  years;  was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
1762;  became  Register  of  Probate  in  1766;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Revolution  in  1776;  Avas  a  member 
of  the  Legislature;  was  chosen  Councilor;  in  1777 
was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court;  from 
1789  to  1818  was  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  of  Maine;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Bowdoin  College  in  1812.  Died  at  York,  Maine,  Oc 
tober  22,  1825. 

Sewell,  James ;  was  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  in  the  third  session  of  the  Twenty -se veil tli  Con 
gress,  for  theunexpired  term  of  James  W.  Williams, 
deceased. 

Sewell,  William  J.;  was  born  in  Ireland  in 
1835;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1851  and  engaged 
in  business  in  New  York  City;  served  in  the  Mer 
chant  Marine  for  a  few  years;  then  went  to  Chicago, 
Illinois,  and  engaged  in  business;  entered  the  Union 
Army,  in  1861,  as  a  Captain,  and  was  mustered  out 
of  service,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  as  a  Brevet  Major- 
General;  served  in  the  State  Senate  of  New  Jersey 
nine  years,  three  years  as  President  of  the  Senate; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tions  of  1876  and  1880;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  New  Jersey  for  the  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1881. 

Sexton,  Leonidas ;  was  born  in  Rushville,  In 
diana,  May  19,  1827;  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania:  grad 
uated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1856;  Lieutenant-Governor  from  1873  to  1877;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Seybert,  Adam ;  was  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 
Died  at  Paris,  France,  May  2,  1825,  bequeathing  one 
thousand  dollars  for  educating  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
and  five  hundred  dollars  to  the  Orphan  Asylum  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  a  man  of  science,  and  waa 
particularly  skillful  as  a  chemist  and  mineralogist; 
published  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United  States 
from  1789  to  1818. 

Seymour,  Augustus  Sherrill ;  was  born  at 
Ithaca,  New  York,  November  30,  1836;  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College  in  1857,  and  from  Judge  Dwight's 
Law  School  in  1858;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
in  New  York  City;  removed  to  Newberne,  North  Car 
olina;  was  appointed  Criminal  Judge  of  that  city  in 
1868;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
from  1868  to  1870;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1871;  State  Senator  from 
1872  to  1874;  Judge  of  the  State  Superior  Court  from 
1874  to  1882;  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  duties  of 
United  States  District  Judge,  to  which  position  he 
was,  in  the  latter  year,  appointed. 

Seymour,  David  L.;  was  born  in  Connecticut 
in  1802;  removed  to  New  York;  in  1836  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Master  in  Chan- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


eery;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1843  to  1845,  and  from  1851  to  1853;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  1867.  Died  at  Lanesborough,  Massachusetts,  Octo 
ber  11,  1867. 

Seymour,  Edward  W.;  was  born  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  August  30.  1*32;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Yale  College  in  1853; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Litchfield;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1859,  1860,  1870,  and 
1871;  in  1875  removed  to  Bridgeport.  Connecticut; 
in  1876  was  a  State  Senator;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Seymour,  Horatio;  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  May  31,  1778;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1797;  studied  law  at  the  Litchfield  School,  and  set 
tled  in  Middlclmry,  Vermont;  was  a  Judge  of  Pro 
bate;  member  of  the  Council;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Vermont  from  1821  to  1833,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture.  Died  at 
Middlebury,  November  21,  1857.  The  Governor  of 
New  York  bearing  the  same  name  was  his  nephew. 

Seymour,  Horatio;  was  born  in  Onondaga 
County,  New  York,  in  1811;  studied  law.  and  prac 
ticed  at  Utica,  New  York;  soon  gave  his  whole  atten 
tion  to  the  care  of  his  estates;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  State  Assembly  in  1841;  was  Mayor  of 
Utica  in  1842;  was  Speaker  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
Legislature  in  1845;  was  Governor  of  New  York  from 
1S>1  fc)  t ?'•"»,  and  from  1863  to  1865;  was  an  advocate 
of  concession  towards  the  South  in  1861,  which  he 
maintained  in  several  public  addresses;  was  President 
of  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  Chicago  in 
1864;  in  that  year  was  again  a  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor,  but  was  defeated ;  was  President  of  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  1868;  in  the  same  year 
was  nominated  for  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States,  but  received  only  eighty  electoral  votes,  and 
was  defeated  by  General  Grant;  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Hamilton  College  in  1858. 

Seymour,  Origen  S.;  was  born  in  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  in  1804;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  in 
1850;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1851  to  1855;  in  the  latter  year  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  holding  the 
office  until  1863;  in  1870  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors;  in  1873  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  same  and  continued  in  that  posi 
tion  until  disqualified  by  the  Constitutional  limita 
tion  of  age.  Died,  at  Litchfield,  August  12,  1881. 

Seymour,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  in  1808;  was  educated  at  the  Middle- 
town  Military  Academy;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
the  profession  in  Hartford;  was,  for  several  years,  the 
editor  of  a  leading  paper;  was  a  Judge  of  Probate; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut, 
from  1843  to  1845;  in  1846  went  to  Mexico  as  a  Ma 
jor  of  the  New  England  Regiment,  which  he  com 
manded  after  the  fall  of  Colonel  Ransom;  was  with 
General  Scott  at  the  City  of  Mexico;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1852;  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Connecticut  in  1850,  and  was  three  times  re-elected  • 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Minister  to 
Russia.  Died  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  September  3 
1868. 

Seymour,  William;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
served  as  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
4832  and  1834;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
ifcom  1835  to  1637. 


Seys,  John  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  in  1866  was 
appointed  Minister  Resident  and  Consul  General  to 
Liberia,  where  he  remained  until  1870,  when  he  re 
turned  to  the  United  States. 

Shad-wick,  William ;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  during  the  years  1796  and 
1797. 

Shafer,  Jacob  K.;  was  born  in   Rockingham 
County,  Virginia,   December  26,  1823;  was  educated 
at  Washington  College,  and  in  a  law  school  at  Staun-  : 
ton,  Virginia;  in  1849  removed  to  Stockton,  Califor- 
nia;  in  1850  was  elected  District  Attorney;  in  1852' 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Stockton;  in  1853  was  Judge 
of  San  Joaquin  County,  and  continued  in  office  until 
1862,   when  he  removed  to  Washington  Territory; 
was  elected  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Washing 
ton  to  the  Forty-first  Congress. 

Shaler,  William ;   was  United  States  Consul-  ( 
General  at  Algiers,  and  negotiated  a  treaty  with  that  i 
power  in  1815;  in  1826  published  "Sketches  of  Al-  , 
giers,"  which  was  very  serviceable  to  the  French  in  • 
their  operations  against  that  country;  also  published 
a  paper  on  the  language  of  the  Berbers  in  Africa,  in  • 
the  Phil.  Trans. ;  was  A.  M.  of  New  Jersey  College 
in  1828;  was  United  States  Consul  at  Havana,  and 
died  there  March  29,  1833,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

Shallenberg-er,  William  S.;  was  born  at  Mount  : 
Pleasant,  Pennsylvania,  November  24,  1839;  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Lewisburg 
University;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  served 
in  the  Union  Army  from  1862  to  1864,  being  mus 
tered  out  on  account  of  disability  from  wounds;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Beaver  County  Republican  Commit 
tee  in  1872  and  1874;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -fifth,  Forty-sixth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Shanklin,  George  S.;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1864;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  the  Memphis  Riot.  De 
clined  to  give  the  author  of  any  information. 

Shanks,  John  P.  O.;  was  born  in  Martinsburg, 
Virginia,  June  17,  1826;  was,  for  the  most  part,  self- 
educated;  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he  studied  law; 
commenced  practice  in  1850;  was  elected  to  the  In 
diana  Legislature  in  1853  and  1854;  in  I860  was 
elected  a  Representatives  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Private  Land  Claims,  and  on  Agriculture;  visited  the 
field  of  Bull  Run  in  July,  1861,  as  a  spectator,  but 
became  a  participant;  during  the  subsequent  recess 
of  Congress,  served  in  Missouri  as  a  member  of  Gen 
eral  Fremont's  Staff,  performing  some  other  military 
service  until  he  resumed  his  seat  in  Congress,  in  De 
cember,  1861;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Pittsburgh 
"Soldiers'  Convention"  of  18i>6;  again  elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Union  Prisoners,  and  on  those  on  the 
Militia  and  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses; 
in  March,  1875,  was  appointed  an  Indian  Agent,  with 
a  compensation  often  dollars  per  day. 

Shannon,  Peter  C.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Shannon,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  in  1826  and  1827. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


447 


Shannon,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  in  Westmore 
land  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1827;  emigrated  to 
Illinois  in  1844;  in  1849  removed  to  California;  from 
1854  to  1861  was  engaged  in  merchandising;  served 
four  sessions  in  the  California  Legislature;  in  1863 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  California  to  the 
Thirty -eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Com 
mittee  appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  subsequently  appointed 
Collector  of  Customs  at  San  Francisco. 

Shannon,  "Wilson ;  was  born  in  Belmont  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  February  24,  1802;  was  educated  at  Athens 
College,  Ohio,  and  Transylvania  University,  Ken 
tucky;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in  1835 
was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  State  of  Ohio;  was 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1837,  and  again  in  1842; 
in  1844  was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  United 
States  Minister  to  Mexico;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1853  to  1855;  in  1855  was 
appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Governor  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Kansas. 

Sharkey,  "William  L.;  was  Presiding  Judge  of 
the  High  Court  of  Errors  in  Mississippi;  was  Pro 
visional  Governor  of  Mississippi  in  1865  and  1866. 
Died  in  Washington.  District  of  Columbia,  April  29, 
1873,  in  the  eighty -third  year  of  his  age. 

Sharon,  "William;  was  born  at  Smithfield, 
Ohio,  January  9,  1821;  received  a  good  education; 
prepared  himself  for  the  legal  profession,  but  relin 
quished  it  to  enter  the  banking  business;  on  remov 
ing  to  Nevada  became  largely  interested  in  mining 
operations;  the  only  public  position  of  a  political 
character  he  ever  accepted,  was  that  of  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Nevada,  to  which  he  was  elected  for 
the  term  beginning  in  1875  and  ending  in  1881;  was 
largely  interested  in  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Pacific 
Slope;  was  Trustee  of  the  Bank  of  California,  and 
during  the  troubles  of  that  institution,  arising  out  of 
the  death  of  the  late  President,  he  did  more  than  any 
other  man  to  bring  its  aifairs  to  a  satisfactory  settle 
ment.  Died  November  13,  1885. 

Sharp,  Solomon  P.;  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1780;  removed  to  Kentucky  when  a  child;  received  a 
limited  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  when  nineteen  years  of  age;  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1813  to  1817;  fell  by  the  hand 
of  an  assassin,  while  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  in 
November,  1835;  a  legislative  reward  of  three  thou 
sand  dollars  was  offered  for  the  arrest  of  the  mur 
derer. 

Sharpe,  Peter ;  was  a  resident  of  New  York 
State;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1813;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
New  York  Legislature  from  1814  to  1820,  serving, 
during  several  sessions,  as  Speaker  of  the  House; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1821  to  1823;  in  1827  was  a  member  of  the 
"Tariff  Convention." 

Sharpe,  "William;  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  December  13,  1742;  removed  to  Macklen- 
burg,  North  Carolina,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one;  was 
a  lawyer,  and  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress  in  1775  and  1776; 
was  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Rutherford  in  the  Indian 
campaign  of  1776,  and  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
who  made  a  treaty  with  them  in  1777;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1779  to  1782.  Died  in  Iredell  County, 
North  Carolina,  July,  1818. 


Shaver,  Leonidas;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Utah;  in  1853  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Shaw,  Aaron;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
New  York,  in  1811;  received  an  academic  education; 
taught  school  at  Warwick,  in  his  native  county,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen;  read  law  for  three  years;  removed 
to  Vincennes,  Indiana,  in  1831,  and  continued  the 
study  of  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833,  when 
he  removed  to  Lawrenceville,  Illinois,  and  com 
menced  practice ;  in  1836  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to 
the  first  Internal  Improvement  Convention  held  in 
the  State;  was,  soon  after,  elected,  by  the  Legisla 
ture,  State's  Attorney  for  the  Fourth  Judicial  Cir 
cuit;  served  one  term  and  declined  a  re-nomination; 
served  several  terms  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
an  earnest  advocate  of  internal  improvements;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  served  one  term;  was  then  elected 
Circuit  Judge,  and  served  six  years;  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Olney,  Illinois,  to  which 
place  he  gave  its  name,  in  honor  of  his  friend,  Na 
than  Olney;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Shaw,  Frank  T.;  was  born  at  Woodsborough, 
Frederick  County,  Maryland,  October  7,  1841;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  graduated  from 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Mary 
land  in  1864;  located  at  Uniontown,  Carroll  County, 
Maryland,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  until 
November,  1873;  in  that  year  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  Court  for  Carroll  County  for  the  term  of 
six  years;  was  re-elected  in  1879;  in  1880  was  nom 
inated  for  Representative  in  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress,  but  declined;  was  one  of  the  managers  of  the 
Maryland  House  of  Correction ;  was,  for  many  years, 
a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Commit 
tee  of  Maryland;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Shaw,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Windham  County, 
Vermont,  in  1788;  studied  law  with  Judge  Foot,  in 
Albany,  New  York,  and  settled  in  practice  in  Lanes- 
borough,  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-two;  was  nominated  for  Congress  before  he 
was  eligible;  in  1816  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Massachusetts  to  the  Sixteenth  Congress;  voted 
for  the  Missouri  Compromise,  which  prevented  his 
re-election;  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Henry  Clay, 
and  a  personal  friend  and  acquaintance  of  ton  of  the 
Presidents  of  the  United  States;  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  for  eighteen  years; 
was  also  a'member  of  the  Governor's  Council;  was 
the  pioneer  in  the  manufacturing  prosperity  of  west 
ern  Massachusetts ;  in  1833  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor;  in  1848  removed  to  New  York,  and  resided  at 
Fort  Washington,  on  the  Hudson;  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  in  New  York  City,  and  two 
years  in  the  Common  Council;  in  1853  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly;  removed  to 
Newburg,  New  York,  in  1854,  where  he  resided  until 
within  a  few  months  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Peekskill,  October  17,  1857. 

Shaw,  Henry  M.;  was  born  at  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  November  20,  1819;  studied  medicine,  and 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  re 
moved  to  North  Carolina;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1852;  was  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to 
the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Manufactures 
and  Revolutionary  Pensions;  during  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  served  as  a  Colonel  in  the  Confederate 
Army,  and  was  killed  near  Newberne,  North  Caro 
lina,  in  February,  1864. 


448 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Shaw,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Dighton,  Massa 
chusette,  in  December,  1768;  removed  to  Putney, 
Vermont,  at  the  age  of  ten  years;  received  a  limitec 
education;  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  at  the 
age  of  seventeen;  in  two  years  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Castleton,  Vermont,  anc" 
became  eminent  as  a  surgeon ;  early  entered  into  pol- 
il^ics,  and  was  one  of  the  victims  of  the  Sedition  law 
for  his  denunciation  of  the  administration  of  John 
Adams  was  imprisoned;  was  liberated  by  the  people 
without  the  forms  of  law;  in  1799  was  returned  as  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  Legislature;  was,  for  some 
time,  a  member  of  the  State  Council ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Venront  from  1808  to 
1813,  having  succeeded  J.  "\Vetherell,  resigned;  was  a 
personal  friend  of  Presidents  Jefferson  and  Madison, 
and  gave  his  earnest  support  to  the  measures  for  the 
prosecution  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain:  on  his  re 
tirement  from  Congress  was  appointed  Surgeon  in  the 
army,  and  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York;  was 
subsequently  stationed  at  Greenbush,  St.  Louis,  and 
at  Norfolk,  and  held  this  office  until  1816;  as  an  in 
stance  of  his  physical  endurance,  it  may  be  men 
tioned  that,  on  one  occasion,  he  rode  on  horseback 
from  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  to  Albany,  New  York,  in 
twenty-nine  consecutive  days.  Died  at  Clarendon, 
Vermont,  October  22,  1827. 

Shaw,  Tristam ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire 
in  1787;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1839  to  1843.  Died  at  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire,  March  14,  1843. 

Sheafe,  James;  was  born  in  1755;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1799  to  1801;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1801  and 
1802,  resigning  June,  1802.  Died'  at  Portsmouth, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1829. 

Sheakley,  James  ;  was  born  near  the  village  of 
Sheakleyville,  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania,  April 
24,  1830;  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  educated  at  a 
common  school;  in  1850  went  to  California,  where  he 
spent  three  years;  returned  to  Pennsylvania  in  1854  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was,  for  many  years, 
extensively  engaged  in  the  petroleum  trade;  was,  for 
fifteen  years,  a  member  of  the  School  Board  in  Green 
ville,  Mercer  County;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress. 

Sheats,  Charles  Christopher ;  was  born  in 
Walker  County,  Alabama,  April  10,  1839;  received  a 
good  education;  was  elected  to  the  Secession  Conven 
tion  in  1860,  and  was  one  of  the  seventeen  who 
refused  to  sign  the  ordinance  of  separation;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1861;  in  1862  was 
expelled  for  his  adherence  to  Unionism;  was  indicted 
for  treason  to  the  Confederate  Government  and  im 
prisoned  in  1862;  could  not  obtain  a  trial,  and  was 
kept  in  close  confinement  until  the  close  of  the  war- 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Alabama  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1865;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867- 
was  a  Presidental  Elector  in  1868;  was  appointed 
Consul  at  Elsinore,  Denmark,  in  1869;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty- third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and  Min 
ing,  and  Department  of  Justice;  in  March  1875  was 
appointed  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treas 
ury,  but,  in  a  few  months,  was  requested  to  resign. 

Sheffer,  Daniel;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania-  was 
a  Representative  to  Congress  from  that  State  from 
183 1  to  183!). 


Sheffey,  Daniel ;  was  born  at  Frederick,  Mary 
land,  in  1770;  received  a  limited  education;  was 
bred  to  the  trade  of  a  shoemaker;  settled  in  Augusta, 
Virginia;  afterwards  studied  law,  engaged  in  a  lucra 
tive  practice,  and  frequently  represented  his  County 
in  the  House  of  Delegates;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1809  to  1817,  and  took 
a  high  rank ;  his  speech  in  favor  of  the  renewal  of  the 
first  Bank  of  the  United  States  was  a  masterly  pro 
duction;  was  opposed  to  the  war  of  1812.  Died  at 
his  home,  December  3,  1830. 

Sheffield.,  "William  P.;  was  born  at  New  Shore- 
ham  (Block  Island)  Newport  County,  Rhode  Island, 
August  30,  1820;  his  education  was  obtained  first  at 
Kingston  Academy,  and  then  from  a  private  tutor; 
studied  law  at  Hartford  University,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1844;  in  1841  and  in  1842  was 
elected  to  Conventions  called  to  frame  a  State  Consti 
tution;  in  1845  was  elected,  from  his  native  town,  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly;  removing  his  resi 
dence  to  Tiverton,  was  again  elected  to  the  Assembly 
in  1849,  where  he  continued  to  serve  until  1853,  when 
he  resigned  his  seat,  and  settled  in  Newport;  that 
city  he  represented  in  the  Assembly  from  1857  to 
1861,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Rhode  Island  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,,  serv 
ing  as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce, 
and  on  Foreign  Affairs;  in  1869  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Commissioners  to  revise  the  laws  of  Rhode  Island. 

Shelabarger,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Clarke 
County.  Ohio,  December  10,  1817;  graduated  at  the 
Miami  University,  Ohio,  in  1841;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Legisla 
ture  in  1852  and  1853;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  Interior  Depart 
ment;  in  1864  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections  and 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Department,  and  the 
Special  Committees  on  the  Civil  Service  and  the  New 
Orleans  Riots,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Provost  Marshal  Bureau ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Philadelphia  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  the  Assassination  of  President  Lincoln- 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second 
Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce. 

Shelby,  Isaac;  was  born  near  Hagerstown 
Maryland,  December  11,  1750;  received  an  ordinary 
English  education,  and  became  a  surveyor  in  West 
ern  Virginia;  in  1774  was  Lieutenant  in  his  father's 
company  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  Virginia- 
was  a  Captain  in  1776;  was  made  Commissary  in 
1777;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1779-  was 
commissioned  a  Major  by  Governor  Jefferson;  in  1780 
was  made  Colonel,  and  defeated  Major  Ferguson  at 
he  battle  of  King's  Mountain;  was  at  the  action  of 
Vlusgrove's  Mills;  served  under  Marion  in  1781;  then 
omed  Greene;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
Slorth  Carolina  in  1781  and  1782;  received  a  vote  of 
thanks  and  a  sword  from  that  body;  in  1788  settled 
Traveler's  Rest,"  Kentucky;  was  Governor  of 
Kentucky  from  1792  to  1796,  after  its  separation  from 
Virginia;  in  1813  joined  General  Harrison,  and  was 
at  the  battle  of  the  Thames,  for  which  service  he  was 
granted  a  gold  medal  by  Congress;  was  appointed, 
>y  President  Monroe,  Secretary  of  War,  but  declined 
account  of  his  age;  in  1818  was  a  Commissioner, 
vith  General  Jackson,  to  treat  with  the  Cherokee 
£  i?11S.;,,a  county  in  Kentucky  and  a  college  in 
Mielbyville  were  named  for  him.  Died  in  Lincoln 
County,  Kentucky,  July  18,  1826 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


449 


Sheldon,  A.  W.;  was  born  at  Granville,  Ohio, 
July  18,  1842;  was  educated  at  Denison  University 
und  at  Columbia  College  Law  School;  enlisted  in  the 
Union  Army  in  April,  1861,  and  served  throughout 
the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  being  mustered  out  of  service  in  March,  1866, 
engaged  in  journalism  for  two  years,  and  then  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York  City;  was 
Attorney  of  the  New  York  Prison  Association  from 
1871  to  1878;  was  Judge  Advocate  of  the  First  Divi 
sion  of  the  National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  from  1875  to  1881;  was 
Judge  Advocate  of  the  Department  of  New  York, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Eepublic,  in  1877  and  1878;  in 
1881  removed  to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  became 
editor  of  the  Baltimore  Herald;  in  April,  1883,  was 
appointed,  by  the  President,  an  Associate  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Arizona  Territory. 

Sheldon,  Lionel  A.;  was  born  at  Worcester, 
Otsego  County,  New  York,  August  30,  1829;  went, 
with  his  parents,  to  Ohio  in  1833;  worked  on  a  farm 
and  acquired  a  common  school  education;  taught 
school  for  several  years;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1851,  after  which  he  attended  the  Law 
School  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York;  served  one  term 
us  Judge  of  Probate  in  Lorain  County,  Ohio;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "Philadelphia  Convention  "  of  1856; 
in  1861  entered  the  volunteer  army  as  a  Captain; 
was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and  in  that  capacity  served  in  eastern  Kentucky,  the 
Cumberland  Gap  expedition,  and  the  Vicksburg  ex 
pedition,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Chickasaw 
Bluffs  and  Port  Gibson,  in  the  latter  of  which  he 
\vas  wounded;  also  saw  much  service  in  Louisiana, 
Arkansas,  and  Mississippi,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  was  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General;  subsequently 
settled  in  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  bis  profession;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Forty-first  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  two  succeeding  Congresses, 
serving  on  many  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of 
that  on  Militia;  in  May,  1881,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Garfield,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  New 
Mexico. 

Sheldon,  Porter ;  was  born  at  Victor,  Ontario 
County,  New  York,  September  29,  1831;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1854;  practiced  his  profession 
at  Randolph,  New  York,  until  1857,  when  he  re 
moved  to  Rockford,  Illinois,  where  he  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  until  1865,  when  he  re 
turned  to  Chautauqua,  in  his  native  State;  in  1862 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
Illinois;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs  and  Retrench 
ment. 

Shelley,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Sullivan 
County,  Tennessee,  December  28,  1833;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Alabama  in  1836;  received  a  lim 
ited  education;  became  an  architect  and  builder;  en 
tered  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General;  after  the  close  of  the  war 
resumed  his  occupation  at  Selma,  Alabama;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses;  in  May,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  Fourth  Auditor  in  the  United  States 
Treasury  at  Washington. 

Shepard,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Newberne, 
North  Carolina,  December  5,  1807;  graduated  at 
Chapel  Hill  in  1827;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1837, 
where  he  continued  to  serve  until  1841.  Died  in 
October,  1843. 
29 


Shepard,  "William;  was  born  at  Weatfield, 
Massachusetts,  December  1,  1737;  at  the  age  of  sev 
enteen  enlisted  in  the  military  service;  when  twenty- 
one  years  old  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  command  of 
General  Abererombie,  and  a  year  later  was  promoted 
to  a  Captaincy  under  General  Amherst;  served  six 
years  in  the  French  War,  taking  part  in  the  battles 
of  Fort  William  Henry,  Ticonderoga,  Isle  aux  Noix, 
St.  Johns,  and  Montreal;  at  the  close  of  the  war  re 
turned  to  Westfield  and  to  civilian  pursuits;  at  the 
commencement  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  in 
1775,  he  entered  the  Colonial  Army  as  a  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  in  1777  was  commissioned  a  Colonel,  and  in 
1780  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General 
under  General  Lafayette ;  served  under  General 
Washington  for  a  long  time;  participated  in  twenty- 
two  engagements,  and  remained  in  the  service  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  in  1783;  after  the  war,  was  a 
Brigadier-General  of  Militia;  in  1785  and  1786  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  in 
the  latter  year  was  appointed  a  Major-General,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  summoned  from  his  farm  to 
assume  command  of  the  National  forces  at  Spring 
field,  Massachusetts,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  Shay 
Rebellion;  his  gallant,  and  successful,  defence  of  the 
Springfield  Arsenal  was  largely  instrumental  in  sup 
pressing  the  insurrection  and,  on  February  5,  1^  87, 
the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  passed  a  resolu 
tion  complimenting  General  Shepard  and  his  com 
mand  for  their  gallantry ;  he  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor  of  Massachusetts,  to  treat  with  the  Penob- 
scot  Indians,  and  by  the  National  authorities  to  treat 
with  the  Six  Nations;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1788  and  1792;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Executive 
Council  from  1792  to  1796;  was  a  Representative  from 
Massachusetts  to  the  National  Congress  from  May  15, 
1793,  to  March  3,  1803.  Died  at  Westfield,  Massa 
chusetts,  November  11,  1817. 

Shepard,  William  B.;  was  born  at  Newberne, 
North  Carolina,  in  1799;  was  educated  at  Chapel 
Hill;  studied  law,  and  became  eminent  in  his  profes 
sion  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1827  to 
1837,  when  he  declined  a  re-election;  in  1838  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  where  he  served  five 
terms.  Died  at  Elizabeth  City,  June  20,  1852. 

Shepherd,  Alexander  B.;  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  City,  January  31,  1835;  at  the  age  of  ten  was 
apprenticed  to  a  carpenter,  and  when  seventeen,  to 
the  trade  of  a  plumber;  became  a  partner  in  the 
house  of  J.  W.  Thompson  &  Co.,  and  finally  succeeded 
to  the  business  in  his  own  name;  when  the  Rebellion 
commenced  was  one  of  the  first  to  volunteer  his  ser 
vices  ;  in  1861  entered  the  Common  Council  of  WTash- 
ington,  and  became  President  of  the  Council;  in  1867 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Levy  Court;  in  1869 
was  one  of  a  hundred  appointed  to  draft  a  bill  for  the 
union  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1870  became 
President  of  the  Citizen's  Reform  Association,  and 
was  also  elected  an  Alderman;  in  1871  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  and  was 
Vice-President;  while  he  was  in  that  office,  Washing 
ton  was  transformed  in  its  appearance,  from  an  old 
into  a  new  city,  and  to  his  energy,  executive  ability, 
and  unflinching  courage,  the  people  of  the  United 
States  are  indebted  for  a  Capitol  which  is  the  pride 
of  the  Nation;  in  1873  was  appointed  the  second  Gov 
ernor  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  remained  in  office 
until  the  form  of  Government  was  again  changed;  it 
is  claimed  for  him  that  he  erected  more  than  one 
thousand  houses  in  Washington,  at  a  cost  of  five  mil 
lions  of  dollars:  lost  all  his  property  in  real  estate 
speculations  in  Washington;  became  interested  in 
silver  mines  in  Mexico,  and  personally  superintended 
the  working  of  the  mines. 


450 


BIOGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Shepherd,  "William ;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts,  December  1,  1737;  served  six  years  as  a  Cap 
tain  in  the  Revolutionary  Army,  and  distinguished 
himself  at  William  Henry  and  Crown  Point;  in  1783 
was  chosen  a  Brigadier-General,  having  fought  in 
twenty-two  battles;  was  subsequently  a  Major-Gen 
eral  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
rfrom  1797  to  1803.  Died  at  Westfield,  Massachu 
setts,  November  11,  1817. 

Shepley,  Ether  ;  was  born  in  Groton,  Massachu 
setts,  November  2,  1789;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1811;  studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  in  Saco;  subsequently  settled  in  Portland, 
Maine;  was  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in 
1819;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  that  framed 
the  first  Constitution  of  Maine  in  1820;  was,  for 
thirteen  years,  Attorney  of  the  United  States  for 
Maine;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maine  from 
1833  to  1836;  after  leaving  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  was  chosen  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Maine,  and  subsequently  Chief  Justice  of  the  same, 
which  latter  position  he  held  until  1855;  while  on 
the  bench  he  furnished  the  materials  for  twenty-six 
volumes  of  Reports,  and,  as  sole  Commissioner,  was 
appointed  to  revise  the  Statutes  of  Maine;  was  Trus 
tee  of  Bowdoin  College,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Shepley,  Gecr'  •>  Foster;  was  born  in  Saco, 
Maine,  January  1,  ,  If);  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1837;  studied  law  at  Harvard  Law  School. 
and  at  Portland,  Maine;  began  to  practice  law  at 
Bangor,  Maine,  in  1840;  removed  to  Portland;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  United  States  District 
Attorney,  which  position  he  held  until  18i>l;  when 
the  Civil  War  broke  out  became  Colonel  of  the 
Twelfth  Maine  Volunteers;  acted  as  Commander  of 
a  brigade  in  General  Butler's  expedition ;  was  made 
Commandant  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  on  its  sur 
render;  was  made  Brigadier-General;  was  Military 
Governor  of  Louisiana  from  June,  1862,  to  1864;  was 
Military  Governor  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  on  its  sur 
render  in  1865;  resigned  July  1,  1865,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  law  in  Portland;  in  1871  was  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  of  the  First  Circuit.  Died  at 
his  home  July  21,  1878. 

Sheplor,  Matthias  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from 
1837  to  1839. 

Shepperd,  Augustus  H.;  was  born  in  Snrry 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  educated  as  a  lawyer; 
sery«d  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  North  Carolina 
from  1822  to  1826;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1829  to  1839,' from  1841  to  1843,  and  again  from 
1847  to  1851. 

Sherburne,  John  S.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1757;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1776;  attended  the  Law  School  at  Harvard;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire 
from  1793  to  1797;  was  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  in  1803,  and  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  from  1803  to  1830.  Died  in  1830. 

Sherburne,  Moses;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Minnesota;  in  1853  was  appointed  an  Associate  Jus- 
tire  of  the  United  States  Court  for  Minnesota. 

Sheredine,  Upton;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1791  to  1793. 

Sherman,  Buren  R.;  was  born  at  Phelps,  On 
tario  County,  New  York,  May  28,  1836;  received  a 
common  school  education;  removed  to  Elmira,  New 
York,  and  was  apprenticed  to  the  trMe  of  a  watch 


maker;  in  1855  removed  to  Iowa  and  settled  in  Tama 
County;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1859  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Vinton,  Iowa;  in 
1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private  and  rose  to 
the  rank  of  Captain;  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Shiloh,  and  left  on  the  field  to  die;  recov 
ered  and  returned  to  duty,  but  was  compelled  to  re 
sign,  in  1863,  on  account  of  his  wounds;  was,  at  dif 
ferent  times,  elected  County  Judge  and  Clerk  of  the 
Courts;  in  1874  was  elected  State  Auditor,  and  was 
twice  re-elected,  serving  until  1881;  in  the  latter 
year  was  elected  Governor  of  Iowa  for  a  term  of  two 
years,  and  was  re-elected  in  1883. 

Sherman,  Charles  Taylor ;  was  born  at  Nor- 
walk.  Connecticut,  February  3,  1811;  was  the  eldest 
brother  of  William  Tecumseh  Sherman  and  John 
Sherman;  in  his  infancy,  was  removed,  by  his  par 
ents,  to  Lancaster,  Ohio;  received  such  early  educa 
tion  as  the  limited  facilities  of  a  frontier  village 
afforded ;  prepared  for  college  at  the  Lancaster  Acad 
emy;  in  1827  entered  the  Sophomore  Class  of  the 
Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  Ohio;  graduated  in  1830; 
immediately  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  at  Day 
ton,  Ohio,  where  he  passed  one  year;  then  removed 
to  Mansfield,  Ohio,  and  continued  his  studies;  in 
1833  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Mansfield;  was  very  successful  and 
soon  secured  a  lucrative  business;  contributed  large 
ly,  in  money,  labor,  and  personal  influence,  to  the 
successful  construction  of  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  and 
Newark,  and  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago 
Railroads;  was  a  Director  in  both  organizations,  and 
was,  for  a  long  time,  General  Solicitor  of  the  latter 
company;  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  be 
came  Commandant  of  a  large  military  camp  at  Mans 
field,  where  he  organized,  and  sent  to  the  field,  sev 
eral  regiments  of  troops:  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  member  of  a  commission  to  adjudicate  war 
claims  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri;  in  1866  became  one  of 
the  first  Government  Directors  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  Company;  in  March.  1867,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio;  resigned  in  Decem 
ber.  1872,  because  of  ill-health.  Died  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  January  1,  1879. 

Sherman,  John  ;  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
May  10,  1823;  received  a  liberal  education;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1844;  in  1848  and  1852  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Whig 
Conventions  of  those  years;  in  1854  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  on 
being  returned  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  was  the 
Republican  candidate  for  Speaker,  and  after  an  un 
precedented  contest,  lacked  but  one  or  two  votes  of 
election;  during  that  Congress  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means;  in  18(i()  was  elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;  in  1861,  on  the  resig 
nation  of  Senator  Chase,  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture,  and  on  Finance,  and  as  a  member  of 
those  on  the  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Judiciary;  in 
January,  1866  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the 
term  ending  in  1873,  serving  again  at  the  head  of  the 
Finance  Committee,  and  on  those  on  the  Patent 
Office  and  the  Pacific  Railroad:  was  re-elected  for  the 
terra  ending  in  1879;  was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Hayes,  from  1877  to  1881, 
resigning  his  seat  in  the  Senate  to  accept  that  po 
sition;  was  again  elected  United  States  Senator  in 
1880,  for  the  term  ending  in  1887;  December  7,  1885, 
was  elected  President;)™  fern,  of  the  Senate,  thus  be 
coming  the  virtual  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


451 


Sherman,  J.  "W.;  was  boru  in  New  York;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Unfinished  Business. 

Sherman,  Roger ;  was  born  at  Newton,  Massa 
chusetts.  April  19,  1721;  had  no  advantages  of  edu- 
cn1  ion,  yet  was  eager  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  and 
when  apprenticed  to  a  shoemaker,  often  had  a  book 
open  before  him  while  at  his  work;  in  1743  removed 
to  New  Milford,  Connecticut,  carrying  his  tools  upon 
his  back;  soon  relinquished  his  trade,  however,  and 
•was.  for  a  time,  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  af 
terwards  studied  law;  settled  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754;  was 
Judge  of  the  County,  Superior  and  Supreme  Courts 
for  a  period  of  twenty -three  years;  was  a  member  of 
the  First  Congress,  in  1774,  and  continued  in  Con 
gress  for  many  years;  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  in  177(5,  and  also  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion  and  the  Constitution;  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  in  regard  to  which 
lie  took  a  prominent  part,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut;  was  chosen  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  in  1791.  continuing  in  that 
station  until  his  death,  July  23,  179:>.  He  was  a  pro 
found  and  sagacious  statesman,  an  able  and  upright 
Judge,  and  an  exemplary  .Christian;  was  made  Master 
of  Arts  by  Yale  College,  and  was  Treasurer  of  that 
institution  from  1766  to  1776. 

Sherman,  Robert  Minot ;  was  born  at  Wobum, 
Massachusetts,  May  22,  1773;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  17i)2;  was  a  tutor  in  that  institution  in  1795; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1796,  and  opened  an  office 
in  Fairfic-M,  where  he  resided  during  the  remainder 
of  his  lilt-,  and  gained  a  lucrative  practice;  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1798;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1814  to  1818:  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Hartford  Convention  in  1814;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  College  in  1829; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  and  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Errors  from  1840  to  1842.  Died  at  Fairneld, 
December  30,  1844. 

Sherman,  Socrates  N.;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Department. 

Sherman,  "William  Tecumseh  ;  was  born  at 
Mansfield,  Ohio,  February  8,  1820:  graduated  at 
United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  New 
York,  in  1840;  entered  the  Artillery  and  served  in 
Florida;  became  First  Lieutenant  in  1841: Captain  in 
1850;  resigned  in  185:5;  subsequently  removed  to  Cal 
ifornia  and  was  a  broker  in  San  Francisco;  afterwards 
practiced  law  in  Kansas;  in  18(>0  became  Superin 
tendent  of  a  Military  Academy  founded  by  the  State 
of  Louisiana;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Colonel  of  In 
fantry  in  the  United  States  army  and  commanded  a 
Brigade  at  Bull  Run;  was  made  Brigadier-General  of 
Volunteers,  and  had  command  of  the  Kentucky  De 
partment;  having  expressed  the  opinion  that  it 
would  take  two  hundred  thousand  men  to  clear  that 
region  of  rebels,  he  was  considered  insane  and  relieved 
of  his  command;  in  1862  joined  the  army  of  Tennes 
see,  and  rendered  very  important  aid  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  wounded  and  had  three  horses  shot 
under  him;  was  made  a  Major-General  and  took  a 
leading  part  at  Corinth,  at  Memphis,  and  in  the 
Vicksburg  Campaign,  at  Chattanooga,  Knoxville, 
and  indeed  in  all  the  important  operations  of  that 
entire  region;  in  1864  made  one  of  the  most  famous 
military  marches  of  modern  times,  going  from  At 
lanta  to  the  Savannah,  with  sixty  thousand  men, 


which  great  enterprise  soon  brought  the  war  to  a 
conclusion;  was  made  Brigadier-General  in  the 
United  States  army  in  1863,  Major-General  in  1864, 
Lieutenant-Gen eral  in  1866,  and  General-in-Chief  of 
the  army  in  18(59;  September  9,  1869,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  War,  but  retained  the  office  but  a  short 
time;  in  1875  published  a  "Memoir  of  his  Life  and 
Campaign,"  in  two  volumes,  which  attracted  very 
great  attention  from  the  public  press;  in  November, 
1883,  was  placed  upon  the  retired  list  of  the  army. 

Sherrill,  Eliakim  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1847  to  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures;  served  as  an  officer  in  the  Rebellion, 
and  was  killed  at  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg. 

Sherrod,  William  O.;  was  born  in  Courtland, 
Alabama,  August  17.  1835;  was  educated  at  Chapel 
Hill  College,  North  Carolina;  was  a  cotton  planter; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  of  Alabama  in  1859 
and  1860;  was  a  member  of  the  "National  Demo 
cratic  Convention"  at  Charleston  in  1800;  was  an 
officer  in  the  Confederate  Army  during  the  Civil 
war;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  several  commit 
tees. 

Sherwin,  John  C.;  was  born  in  Saint  Lawrence 
County,  New  York,  February  8,  1838;  received  an 
academic  education ;  studied  law ;  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  was  twice  elected  County  Clerk  of  Kane  County; 
was  City  Attorney  of  Aurora,  Illinois;  served  three 
veal's  in  the  Union  army  during  the  War  of  the  Re 
bellion;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Sherwood,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  October  9.  1817;  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  law  during  twenty -four  years;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Revision  of  Laws. 

Sherwood,  Isaac  R. ;  was  born  in  Dutch  ess 
County,  New  York,  August  13,  1835;  was  educated 
at  Ant ioch  College.  Ohio,  and  at  the  Cleveland  Law 
Institute;  in  1857  located  at  Bryan,  Ohio,  where  he 
established  the  Williams  County  Gazette;  in  1859  was 
elected  Probate  Judge  of  Williams  County,  which 
position  he  resigned  to  enter  the  army  in  1861;  after 
serving  in  the  ranks  for  four  months,  in  West  Vir 
ginia,  was  appointed  Adjutant  in  1862;  was  commis 
sioned  Major  in  1863;  participated  in  the  East  Ten 
nessee  campaign;  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colo 
nel  in  1<(54.  and  commanded  his  regiment  to  the 
close  of  the  war,  receiving  a  brevet  of  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services ;  edited  the 
Toledo  Commercial,  and  was  an  editorial  writer  on 
the  Cleveland  Leader:  was  elected  Secretary  of  State 
for  Ohio  in  1868,  and  re-elected  in  1870;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Railways  and 
Canals. 

Sherwood,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  iii 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815;  was  :v 
successful  lawyer  in  Delhi  from  1800  to  1833.  Died 
in  New  York  in  November,  1862. 

Sherwood,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Connect! 
cut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1817  tr, 
1819;  died  in  1833. 

Shiel,  George  K.;  was  born  in  Ireland;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 


452 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Shields,  Benjamin  GK;  was  a  citizen  of  Ala 
bama;  in  1845  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Venezuela,  where  he  remained  until  1850. 

Shields,  Ebenezer  J.;  was  born  in  Georgia; 
was  elected  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress  from  Ten- 
•essee,  from  1835  to  1839.  Died  May  20,  1846. 

Shields,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio,  from  1829  to  1831.  Died  in  Butler 
County,  Ohio,  in  1831. 

Shields,  James ;  was  born  in  County  Tyrone. 
Ireland,  in  1810;  emigrated  to  America  about  1826; 
pursued  mathematical  and  classical  studies  until  the 
year  1832,  when  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Kaskaskia;  in  1836  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature;  was  elected 
Auditor  of  the  State  in  1839;  in  1843  was  appointed 
Jndgeof  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois;  in  1845  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office 
in  the  Department  of  the  Interior  at  Washington; 
at  the  commencement  of  the  Mexican  War  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  a  Brigadier-General  in 
the  United  States  Army;  for  his  distinguished  ser- 
Tices  during  the  course  of  the  war,  was  promoted  to 
line  rank  of  Brevet  Major-General;  in  1848  was  ap- 
^inted  Governor  of  Oregon  Territory,  which  office 
he  resigned;  in  1849  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate  from  the  State  of  Illinois  for 
the  term  of  six  years;  subsequently  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  the  Territory  of  Minnesota;  in  1857  when 
it  became  a  State,  was  elected  to  represent  the  same 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  served  two  years;  during  the  rebellion  of 
1861  served  as  a  General  in  the  Union  Army;  re 
signed  his  commission  in  1863;  removed  to  Wiscon 
sin;  in  1868  was  President  of  ithe  State  Democratic 
Convention;  subsequently  settled  in  Missouri;  was 
elected  a  United  States  Senatoi  from  Missouri  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  Lewis  V.  Bogy,  deceased, 
serving  from  January  to  March,  1879.  Died  June  2 
1879. 

Shields,  John  O.;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  attained  a  high  reputation  as  an  advocate;  in 
October,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleve 
land,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
Territory  of  Arizona  for  the  term  of  four  years;  re 
«ided  at  Prescott,  Arizona. 

Shields,  William  Bayard ;  was  an  early  emi 
grant  to  Mississippi;  in  1818  was  appointed  District 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  State  of 
Mississippi. 

Shinn,  William  N.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
"was  a  farmer  by  occupation;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837. 

Shipherd,  Zebulon  B.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1813  to  1815.  Died 
in  Moriah,  Essex  County,  New  York. 

Shipman,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  at  Southbury 
Connecticut,  August  22,  1828;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Norwich,  Connecticut,  in  1836;  attended 
school  there  until  1842;  then  removed,  with  his 
father's  family,  to  Jewett  City,  Connecticut;  pre 
pared  for  college  at  Plainfield,  Connecticut;  entered 
Yale  College  in  1844,  and  was  graduated  therefrom 
in  1848;  studied  law  at  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  and 
at  Yale  College  Law  School;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850;  in  1851  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law 
at  Hartford,  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1857;  was  Executive  Secre 
tary  of  Governor  William  A.  Buckingham  from  1858 


to  1862;  in  April,  1873,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Grant,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  District 
of  Connecticut;  in  1384  iteceived  from  Yale  College 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 

Shippen,  William;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1754;  studied 
medicine  in  Edinburgh.  .Scotland,  and  on  his  return, 
in  1764,  began  in  Philadelphia  the  first  course  of 
lectures  in  anatomy  ever  delivered  in  America;  as 
sisted  in  establishing  the  Medical  School  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  was  appointed  one  of  its  Professors;  in 
1777  was  appointed  Director-General  of  the  Medical 
Department  in  the  Army;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1778  to  1780.  Died  in 
1808. 

Shiras,  Oliver  P.;  was  born  at  Pittsburgh. 
Pennsylvania,  October  22,  1833;  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Ohio  in  1853;  then  entered  the  Scien 
tific  Department  of  Yale  College,  and,  later,  the  Law 
Department  of  that  institution,  graduating  from  the 
latter  in  1856;  removed  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  was 
there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856;  was  Aid-de-camp, 
and  Judge  Advocate  on  the  Staff  of  General  Herron 
in  the  Army  of  the  Frontier  during  1862  and  1863; 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Dubuque;  in  1882 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Northern  District  of  Iowa. 

Shober,  Francis  E.;  was  born  at  Salem,  North 
Carolina,  March  12,  1831 ;  was  educated  at  Nazareth 
Hall,  a  Moravian  establishment  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
also  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  where  he 
graduated  in  1851;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1853,  locating  at  Salisbury;  when  the  Rebellion 
commenced,  opposed  the  secession  movement,  and 
exerted  himself  in  behalf  of  the  Union;  in  1862  was 
elected  to  the  State  Assembly  as  a  Conservative, 
and  continued  in  that  position  until  the  close  of  the 
war;  subsequently  served  one  session  in  the  State 
Senate;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Mines  and  Min 
ing  ;  was  Acting  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Sen 
ate  from  October,  1881,  to  December,  1883. 

Shoemaker,  Lazarus  D.;  was  born  in  Kings 
ton,  Pennsylvania,  November  5,  1819;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1840;  studied  and  practiced  law  in 
Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  18HH,  1867,  and  1868;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions,  and  on 
that  of  Claims. 

Short,  William ;  was  born  at  Spring  Garden, 
Virginia,  September  30,  1759;  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  College;  was  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  Virginia  at  an  early  age;  was  Secretary  of 
Legation  to  Jefferson  when  Minister  to  France  in 
1784;  in  1789  was  appointed  Charge  d? Affaires  to 
France,  by  President  Washington ;  held  the  first  com 
mission  signed  by  him,  and  was  the  first  citizen  ap 
pointed  to  office  under  the  Federal  Constitution;  was 
Minister  Resident  to  the  Netherlands  in  1792;  was 
Commissioner  to  negotiate  with  Spain  in  1794;  was  . 
appointed  Minister  Resident  to  that  country  the  same 
year;  his  important  negotiations  were  connected 
with  the  boundaries  of  Florida  and  Mississippi,  and 
resulted  in  the  treaty  of  1795.  Died  at  Philadelphia, 
December  5,  1849. 

Shorter,  Eli  S.;  was  born  in  Monticello,  Georgia, 
March  15,  1823;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1843; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  engaged  in  planting. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


453 


was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the 
'Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  a 
i  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Shorter,  John  Gill ;  was  a  native  of  Georgia, 
and  the  son  of  Eli  S.  Shorter;  removed  to  Alabama 
when  young;  was,  for  several  years,  a  State  Senator; 
from  1855  to  1861  was  Circuit  Judge  for  his  District; 
was  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress ;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  Alabama  from  1861  to  1863,  maintaining 
his  authority  over  the  State  in  spite  of  the  prevail 
ing  hostilities.  Died  in  Eufaula,  Alabama,  June  5, 
1872. 

Shower,  Jacob ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
igress  from  Maryland  from  1853  to  1855. 

Shulze,  John  Andrew;  was  born  in  Tulpe- 
hocken,  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  19,  1775; 
represented  Lebanon  County  for  several  years  in  the 
•State  Legislature;  was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania 
.from  1823  to  1829.  Died  in  Lancaster,  November  18, 
1852. 

Shunk,  Francis  R.;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  August  7,  1788;  became  a 
teacher  at  the  age  of  fifteen ;  in  1812  was  appointed 
Clerk  in  the  Surveyor-General's  Department,  and  at 
the  same  time  studied  law;  assisted  as  a  soldier  in 
the  defense  of  Baltimore  in  1814;  was  first  assistant, 
then  principal  clerk,  for  several  years  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  State;  was  Secretary  to  the 
Board  of  Canal  Commissioners;  in  1838  was  Secretary 
of  the  State;  afterward  established  himself  for  the 
practice  of  law  in  Pittsburgh ;  was  Governor  of  Penn 
sylvania  from  1845  to  1848.  Died  in  Harrisburg, 
July  30,  1848. 

Sibley,  Henry  H.;  was  born  at  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  in  February,  1811;  spent  much  of  his  early  life 
on  the  North-western  frontier;  was,  for  many  years, 
an  Indian  trader  in  the  employ  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  at  Mackinaw  and  Fort  Suelling;  was  a 
Delegate  to  Congress  from  Minnesota  Territory  from 
1849  to  1853;  witnessed  the  progress  of  Minnesota 
from  a  wilderness  to  an  organized  State;  in  1857  was 
»«lected  its  first  Governor,  serving  a  part  of  1858;  was 
a  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers  during  the  Re 
bellion;  commanded  an  expedition  against  the  Min 
nesota  Indians  in  1863;  was  subsequently  brevetted 
a  Major-General  of  Volunteers;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Cleveland  "Soldiers'  Convention"  of  1866;  in 
1867  was  appointed  a  visitor  to  the  West  Point 
Academy;  was  the  son  of  Solomon  Sibley. 

Sibley,  Jonas ;  was  born  at  Sutton,  Massachu 
setts,  March  17,  1762;  for  thirty -five  years  held  a  va 
riety  of  town  offices;  from  1806  to  1823  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  was  an  Elector  for 
President  in  1820;  served  again  in  both  Houses  of 
the  Legislature;  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Con 
stitutional  Convention"  of  18:20;  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts, 
from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at  Sutton,  in  that  State, 
February  10,  1834,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

Sibley,  Mark  H.;  was  born  at  Great  Barring- 
ton,  Massachusetts,  in  1796;  removed  to  Canandai- 
gua,  New  York,  in  1814;  studied  law,  and  was  dis 
tinguished  as  an  advocate;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1834  and  1835;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1839;  was  subsequently 
a  State  Senator,  and,  in  1846,  a  County  Judge.  Died 
in  Canandaigua,  New  York,  September  8,  1852. 

Sibley,  Solomon;  was  born  in  Sutton,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  7,  1769;  studied  law;  removed  to 


Ohio  in  1795,  establishing  himself  first  at  Marietta, 
and  then  at  Cincinnati,  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion;  removed  to  Detroit  in  1797;  in  1799  was  elected 
to  the  first  Territorial  Legislature  of  the  North-west 
ern  Territory ;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the 
Territory  of  Michigan  from  1820  to  1823;  in  1824  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan, 
and  held  the  office  until  1836,  when  he  resigned  in 
consequence  of  increasing  deafness.  Died  at  Detroit, 
April  4,  1846.  He  was  universally  respected  for  his 
talents  and  manifold  virtues. 

Sickles,  Daniel  B.;  was  born  in  New  York,  in 
October,  1821 ;  learned  the  printer's  trade,  which  he 
followed  for  some  years;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  in  1847  was  elected  to  the 
Assembly  of  New  York,  and,  in  1856,  to  the  Slate 
Senate;  for  a  short  time,  when  Mr.  Buchanan  was 
the  American  Minister  in  England,  was  the  Secretary 
of  that  Legation;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress;  before  the 
expiration  of  his  first  term,  in  February,  18.~>9, 
killed  Philip  Barton  Key,  for  ' '  dishonoring  his  bed ' ' ; 
his  trial  lasted  twenty  days,  and  he  was  acquitted; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Rebellion;  lost 
a  leg  in  battle,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Major-Gen 
eral  of  Volunteers;  in  1866  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Johnson,  Minister  Resident  to  the  Netherlands, 
but  declined ;  was  subsequently  appointed  a  Colonel 
in  the  regular  army;  in  1867  was  brevetted  a  Major- 
General  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Get 
tysburg;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  1868;  in  1869  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant, 
Minister  to  Spain. 

Sickles,  Nicholas;  was  born  in  Kinderhook, 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1835  to  1837.  Died  at  Kingston,  New  York,  May  13, 
1845. 

Sill,  Thomas  H. ;  was  a  native  of  Connecticut; 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  settled  in  the  practice  at 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  in  1812;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  to  revise  the  State  Constitution;  in  1825 
was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  1826  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  foranunexpired 
term;  was  again  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1829  to  1831 ;  in  1849  was  again  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor. 

Silsbee,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Massachusetts,  in  1773;  was  a  distinguished  and  suc 
cessful  merchant;  was  frequently  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was,  for  three  years,  President  of  the 
State  Senate ;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1816  to  1820;  was  a  Senator  of  the  UnitedStatea 
from  1826  to  1835;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1837; 
was  a  firm  supporter  of  the  administration  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  and  when  his  term  expired,  Mr.  Sils 
bee  offered  to  vacate  his  seat  in  the  Senate  in  his 
favor,  but  the  ex-President  declined  the  offer. 

Silvester,  Peter ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
member  of  the  Albany  Committee  of  Safety  in  1774, 
and  of  the  New  York  Provincial  Congress;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  1776;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  First  Congress  under  the  Federal  Con 
stitution;  was  subsequently  a  State  Senator.  Died 
at  Kinderhook,  January  30,  1845. 

Silvester,  Peter  H.;  was  born  at  Kinderhook, 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  February  17,  1807; 
graduated  at  Union  College  in  1827;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to  1851. 


454 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Simkins,  Eldred ;  was  born  in  Edgefield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  August  29,  1779;  was  educated 
for  the  bar  at  Litehtield,  Connecticut;  was  partner  of 
Mr.  McDuffie;  .served  frequently  in  the  Legislature; 
was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1812; 
was  a  General  of  Militia;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1817  to  1821. 
pied  at  Edgefield  in  1832. 

Simmons,  George  A.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp- 
.  shire  in  1771;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1816;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Assembly  of 
New  Hampshire;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Hampshire  to  the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Congresses;  in  1852  received,  from  his  Almti 
Mater,  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  Died  at  Keesville,  New 
York,  October  27,  1857. 

Simmons,  James  F.;  was  born  at  Little  Comp- 
ton,  Rhode  Island,  September  10,  1795;  engaged  in 
farming  and  manufacturing;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  from  1828  to  1841 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1841,  for 
six  years,  to  March  3,  1847;  was  again  chosen  Sena 
tor  for  the  term  beginning  March  4,  1857;  resigned 
in  August,  1862;  served  as  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
•  tees  on  Claims,  on  Patents,  and  the  Patent  Office, 
and  on  Finance;  during  the  Thirty-seventh  Congres: 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents.  Died  at 
Johnson,  Rhode  Island,  July  10,  1864. 

Simms,  William  E.;  was  born  in  Kentucky: 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia. 

Simons,  Samuel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Connecticut  from  184L  t«  1845.  Died  at 
Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  January  13, 1847,  aged  fifty- 
five  years. 

Simons,  Thomas;  was  born  at  Maulmain, 
British  Burmah,  December  17,  1834,  his  parents 
being  American  missionaries  there;  was  brought  to 
the  United  States  in  childhood;  received  a  liberal 
education,  graduating  from  Brown  University,  with 
the  degree  of  A.M.,  in  1855;  studied  law  at  the  Al 
bany  Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Albany,  New  York,  in  1858;  engaged  in  practice 
there;  in  1865  removed  to  New  York  City,  and  be 
came  Assistant  United  States  Attorney,  serving  until 
1875,  when  he  was  appointed  an  Assistant  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Washing 
ton. 

Simonton,  Charles  Bryson;  was  born  in 
Tipton  County,  Tennessee.  Septembers,  1838;  grad 
uated  at  Erskine  College,  South  Carolina,  in  185!)- 
entered  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861,  and  was 
compelled  to  retire  from  service,  in  18ii2,  by  reason  of 
disability  from  wounds;  taught  school;  was  elected 
County  Clerk  in  1870,  and  again  in  1879;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  practice  of  law  in  1873;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1877  and 
1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Forty -sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses. 

Simonton,  William ;  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1839  to  1843  Died 
at  South  Hanover,  Pennsylvania,  May  18,  1846. 

Simpson,  Josiah;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania- 
received  a  good  education,  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  ,n  1812  was  appointed,  by  President 
Madison,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of 
Mississippi.  J 


Simpson,  Richard.  F.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  graduated  at  the  University  of  South  Carolina 
in  1816;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  his  native  State;  Avas  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Simpson,  W.  D.;  was  born  in  Laurens  County. 
!  South   Carolina,   October  23,    1823;  received  a  col- 
;  legiate  education,   graduating  from  South  Carolina 
;  College  in  1843;  studied  law,  and  attended  the  Law 
I  School  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  for  a  time;  was 
|  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  settled   at  Laurens  Court 
House,   South  Carolina,   in  the  practice  of  law;  in 
1*56  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  re-elected ;  was  elected  a  State  Senator 
in  1860;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  on  staff   duty;    was  afterwards  Major  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  line;  in  1863  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Confederate  Congress;  in  1868 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Carolina  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  but  was  debarred  from  tak 
ing  his  seat  because  of  disabilities  undej  the  pro 
visions  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Consti 
tution;  in  1876  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
South  Carolina;  was  re-elected  in  1878;  in  1879  be 
came  Governor  of  the  State  by  the  election  of  Gov 
ernor  Hampton  to  the  United  States  Senate;  in  that 
year  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State  for  the  term  of  six  years  from  1880. 

Sims,  Alexander  D.;  was  born  in  Brunswick 
County,  Virginia,  June  12,  1803;  went  through  a 
course  of  studies  at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  and 
finished  his  education  at  Union  College,  New  York; 
read  and  practiced  law  in  Virginia;  removing  to 
South  Carolina,  taught  in  an  academy  at  Darlington 
Court  House;  in  1829  commenced  the  practice  of  law 
in  South  Carolina;  became  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar  in  that  State;  had  a  taste  for  politics,  and 
during  the  Nullification  times  was  active  and  de 
cided;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1840  and 
1842;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  South  Carolina 
Irom  184.-,  to  1848.  Died  at  Kingstree,  South  Caro 
lina.  November  16,  1848. 

Sims,  Leonard  H.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mis 
souri  from  1845  to  1847. 

Sinclair,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah. 

Singiser,  Theodore  F.;    was  born  at  Church- 
town,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  15, 
345;  received  a  common  school  education;  learned 
the  art  of  printing;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1861 
and  was  actively  engaged  throughout  the  war  par 
ticipating  m  all  the  great  battles  of  the  Peninsula 
mipaigns,  and  rising  to  the  rank  of  Captain;  after 
the  close  of  the  war  engaged  in  editorial  pursuits  for 
several  years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar;  was  employed   in   United   States   Treasury  at 
Washington,   from   1875  to  1879.  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  Oxford,  Idaho- 
10  was  ippointed  Secretary  of  Idaho  Territory  •  was 
,CVSf,Go«yeiinor  of  the  T™-itory  during  the  winter 
82    was  elected  the  Delegate  from  Idaho  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Singleton,  James  W.;  was  born  at  Paxton, 
Virginia,  November  23,  1811;  received  an  academic 
education;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1833;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  served  six  terms  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitu- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


455 


tional  Conveutions  of  1847  and  1861;  was  elected  a 
Brigadier-General  of  State  Militia;  was  President  of 
the  Quincy  and  Toledo  and  Quiucy,  Alton  and  St. 
Louis  Railroads;  was  elected  a  Kepresentative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Singleton,  Otho  B.;  was  born  in  Jessamine 
County,  Kentucky,  October  14,  1814;  graduated  at 
St.  Joseph  College,  Bardstown,  Kentucky,  and 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession;  was  two  years  in  the 
lower  House  of  the  Mississippi  Legislature;  served 
six  years  in  the  State  Senate;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1852;  was  elected  a  Representative  frem 
Mississippi  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  the  same 
State,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Joint  Committee 
on  Printing;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals; 
joined  the  great  Rebellion  in  1861,  and  served  as  a 
Representative  in  the  Confederate  Congress  from  1861 
to  1865;  in  1875  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty - 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Singleton,  Thomas  D.;  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  in  1833,  and,  while  on  his 
way  to  Washington,  to  take  his  seat,  in  December; 
died  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 

Sinnickson,  Clement  H.;  was  born  in  Salem, 
New  Jersey,  September  16,  1834;  was  educated  at 
Union  College,  New  York,  and  graduated  there  in 
1855;  studied  law  ;:t  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858:  began  to  practice  in 
Salem,  New  Jersey;  in  1861  raised  a  company  of  Vol 
unteers,  and  enlisted  as  Captain  in  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment  of  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  for  three  months' 
service,  after  which  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in 
Salem;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Sinnickson,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Salem  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  in  1745;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion;  was  bred  a  merchant;  served  in  the  Revolution 
ary  War  at  the  battles  of  Trenton  and  Princeton,  in 
the  capacity  of  Captain;  was,  for  many  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Council  and  Assembly  of  New  Jersey,  and 
the  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas; 
was  a  Correspondent  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  dur 
ing  the  Revolution;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
First  Congress,  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
from  1789  to  1791 ;  was  again  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1797  to  1799 ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1801 ;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac.  Died  in  Salem, 
May  15,  1817. 

Sinnickson,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Salem,  New 
Jersey,  December  13,  1786;  received  a  common  school 
education;  commenced  active  life  as  a  merchant; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  twenty  years;  was 
a  member  of  the  Xew  Jersey  Legislature;  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  during  the  years  1828  and 
1829. 

Sitgreaves,  Charles;  was  born  at  Easton, 
Pennsylvania,  April  22, 1803;  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  settled  in 
New  Jersey;  was  Major-Commandant  in  the  State 
military  service  from  1828  to  1838;  was  a  member  ol 
the  New  Jersey  Assembly  in  1831  and  1833;  in  1834 


was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council;  was  a 
member,  and  President,  of  the  same  in  1835;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  from  1852  to  1854;  was 
made  a  Trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School  in  1855, 
which  office  he  vacated  in  1864,  when  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Xew  Jersey  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress;  served  on  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs;  was  Mayor  of  Philipsburg  in  1861,  declining 
a  re-election;  was  President  of  the  Belvidere  &  Dela 
ware  Railroad  Company;  was  President  of  the  Bank 
at  Philipsburg;  was  one  of  the  Representatives  desig 
nated  by  the  House  to  attend  the  funeral  of  General 
Scott  in  1866:  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

Sitgreaves,  John ;  was  an  officer  in  the  War  of 
the  Revolution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1784  to  1785;  in 
1790  was  appointed  Attorney-General  for  that  State; 
soon  afterwards  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  North  Caro 
lina.  Died  at  Halifax,  in  March,  1801. 

Sitgreaves,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Philadelphia; 
was  liberally  educated;  studied  law  and  settled  in 
Easton,  Pennsylvania;  in  1790  was  a  member  of  the 

Constitutional  Convention"  of  that  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1795  to  1798  ;  was  then  appointed,  by  President 
Adams,  Commissioner  to  treat  with  Great  Britain. 
Died  April  4,  1824. 

Skelton,  Charles;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Skinner,  Charles  R.;  was  born  at  Union  Square, 
Oswego  County,  New  York,  August  4,  1844;  received 
an  academic  education;  became  a  journalist;  was  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Wratertown, 
New  York,  from  1875  to  1883;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  from  1877  to  1881; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  Warner  Miller;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Skinner,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  in 
1841  was  appointed  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen 
eral,  holding  the  position  until  1845. 

Skinner,  Richard ;  was  born  at  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  May  30,  1778;  received  his  education  at  the 
celebrated  law  school  of  his  native  town;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1800;  removed  to  Manchester,  Ver 
mont;  in  1801  was  appointed  State's  Attorney  for 
Bennington  County,  and  in  1809  Judge  of  Probate: 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1813 
to  1815;  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont  in  1816;  became  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court 
in  1817;  in  1818  was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of 
the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker;  was  Governor  of 
Vermont  in  1820,  1821,  and  1822;  was  re-appointed 
Chief  Justice  in  1824;  resigned  in  1829;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Northeastern  Branch  of  the  American 
Education  Society;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustee*  of  Middlebury  College,  from  which  institu 
tion  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  was  also  inter 
ested  in  various  local  benevolent  associations.  Died 
at  Manchester,  May  23,  1833,  much  respected  for  his 
public  services  and  private  worth. 

Skinner,  St.  John  B.  L.;  was  born  in  New 
York;  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  a  Clerk  in  the 
General  Post  Office  in  Washington;  in  1861  was  made 
Acting  Assistant  Postmaster-General;  in  1866  was 
appointed  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  serving  until 
1869. 


456 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Skinner,  Thomas  GK ;  was  born  in  Perque- 
mans  County,  North  Carolina,  January  21,  184:2; 
joined  the  Freshman  Class  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1858;  left  college  in  1861  and  joined  the 
Confederate  Army  as  a  volunteer,  serving  throughout 
the  Civil  War;  at  its  close  returned  to  his  home  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  at  a  fishery,  and  at  the  same 
time  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Hertford,  North 
Carolina;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Skinner,  Thomas  J.,  Jr.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1796  to  1799, 
and  again  from  1803  to  1804,  having,  on  his  first  elec 
tion,  succeeded  T.  Sedgewick;  in  1804  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jetferson,  Commissioner  of  Loans. 

Slade,  Charles ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Illinois  from  1833  to  18:54.     Died  in  July  ! 
of  the  same  year,  on  his  return  from  Washington,  in  j 
Knox    County,    Indiana,    after    an   illness   of    only 
twenty-four  hours. 

Slade,  William  ;  was  born  at  Cornwall,  Ver 
mont,  May  9,  1786;  graduated  at  Middlebury  College 
in  1807;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1810;  in  1813  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  from  1814 
to  1816  published  and  edited  the  Columbian  Patriot, 
and  at  the  same  time  kept  a  book-store;  in  1815  was 
elected  Secretary  of  State  of  Vermont,  which  office  he 
held  eight  years,  during  six  of  which  he  officiated  as 
Judge  of  the  Addison  County  Court;  was  subse 
quently  State's  Attorney  for  the  same  county;  from 
1823  to  1829  was  a  Clerk  in  the  State  Department  at 
Washington;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  from  1831  to  1843;  on  his  retirement  from 
Congress  was  elected  Reporter  of  the  Decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Vermont,  which  office  he  held  one 
year;  in  1844  was  chosen  Governor  of  Vermont;  was 
subsequently  made  Secretary  of  the  National  Board 
of  Popular  Education,  having  for  its  object  the  fur 
nishing  of  the  West  with  teachers  from  the  East;  in 
1823  published  the  "Vermont  State  Papers";  in 
1825  the  "Statutes  of  Vermont,"  and  in  1844  a  vol 
ume  of  "  Vermont  Reports."  Died  at  Middlebury, 
Vermont,  January  18,  1859. 

Slater,  James  H.;  was  born  in  Sangamon  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  December  28,  1826;  received  a  common 
school  education;  emigrated  to  California  in  1849; 
settled  in  Oregon  in  1850;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1854;  was  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court  for  Benton  County  from  1853  to  1856;  was  a 
member  of  the  Territorial  Assembly  in  1857  and  1858, 
and  of  the  State  Assembly  immediately  after  the  ad 
mission  of  Oregon  as  a  State;  was  elected  District  At 
torney  in  18<)6;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress;  was  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Oregon  for  the  term  of  six  years  from 
March  4,  1879. 

Slaughter,  Gabriel;  was  born  in  Virginia 
about  1767;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Kentucky;  was 
a  successful  farmer;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  at  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  was 
chosen  Colonel  of  a  Kentucky  regiment,  and  received 
the  thanks  of  the  Legislature;  was  chosen  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor,  and,  after  the  death  of  Governor  Madi 
son,  was  Governor  from  1816  to  1820.  Died  in  Mer 
cer  County,  Kentucky,  September  19,  1830. 

Slaymaker,  Amos ;  was  born  in  the  London 
Lands,  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  11, 


1755  ;  received  a  good  common  school  education, 
served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  Army ;  paid 
much  attention  to  farming,  and  officiated  as  a  magis 
trate;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  during  a  part  of  the  Thirteenth  Congress,  to 
fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  James 
Whitehill.  Died  at  Salisbury,  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  June  12,  1837. 

Slemons,  W.  F.;  was  born  in  Weakly  County, 
Tennessee.  March  15,  1830;  received  his  education  at 
Bethel  College;  emigrated  to  Arkansas  in  1852;  stud 
ied  law,  and  practiced  at  Monticello,  in  that  State, 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War;  entered  the 
Southern  Army  in  1861,  and  remained  in  service 
until  its  close;  rose  from  Lieutenant  to  Brigadier- 
General,  and  commanded  a  division;  after  the  war 
was  District  Attorney;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  and 
Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Slidell,  John ;  was  born  in  New  York  about  the 
year  1793;  on  reaching  the  age  of  manhood,  removed 
to  New  Orleans,  where  he  established  himself  as  a 
lawyer,  and  practiced  the  profession  with  success; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  United  States 
District  Attorney;  was  frequently  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Louisiana;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  while  in  Congress  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  Minister  to  Mexico;  in 
1853  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  Senator  Soule ;  was  re-elected  for 
six  years,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Condition  of  the  Banks,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Naval  Affairs  and  Foreign  Relations; 
withdrew,  and  became  identified  with  the  Rebellion 
of  1861;  went  to  France  as  a  Minister  from  the  Con 
federate  Government;  was  captured  by  the  San  Ja- 
cinto,  on  his  passage  out;  was  imprisoned  in  Fort 
Warren,  and  after  being  released  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Paris.  Died  in  London,  England,  July  29, 
1871. 

Slingerland,  John  I.;  was  born  in  Albany 
County,  New  York,  March  1,  1804;  received  a  good 
common  school  education;  devoted  nearly  his  whole 
life  to  agricultural  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Legislature  in  1843;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1847  to  1849.  Died 
at  Albany,  October  26,  1861. 

Sloan,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  McDonough,  Geor 
gia,  June  10,  1845;  was  educated  at  Mai-shall  Col 
lege,  Georgia,  and  Bethany  College,  West  Virginia; 
read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  I860;  in 
1866  was  elected  Solicitor  of  Henry  County,  Georgia; 
removed  to  Savannah,  and  was  appointed  Deputy 
Collector  of  Customs;  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney,  and  held  the  position  until  1872, 
acting  at  the  same  time  as  Local  Counsel  for  the 
United  States  in  regard  to  the  cotton  claims,  and  also 
under  the  Mixed  Commission  on  British  and  Ameri 
can  claims;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  and,  after 
a  contest,  was  duly  admitted. 

Sloan,  A.  Scott;  was  born  in  Morrisville,  Mad 
ison  County,  New  York,  in  1820;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  in  1847  was  elected  Clerk  of  Madi 
son  County;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1854;  was 
elected  to  the  Wisconsin  Legislature  in  1856;  was 
appointed  a  Circuit  Judge  in  1858;  in  1860  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Territories. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


457 


Sloan,  Ithamar  O.;  was  born  in  Madison  Coun 
ty,  New  York;  received  a  common  school  education; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  removed  to  Wis 
consin  in  1854;  in  1858  and  I860  was  chosen  District 
Attorney  of  Rock  County;  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands, 
and  also  on  that  on  Expenses  in  the  War  Depart 
ment;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  Death  of  President 
Lincoln,  Claims,  and  Expenses  of  the  War  Depart 
ment. 

Sloan,  James  ;  was  a  resident  of  Gloucester 
County,  New  Jersey,  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Jersey  from  1803  to  1809.  Died  in  New  Jersey,  in 
November,  1811. 

Sloane,  John ;  was  born  at  York,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1779;  removed  to  Ohio  while  it  was  yet  a  Terri 
tory;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly 
in  1804  and  1805,  and  1805  was  Speaker;  was  a  Re 
ceiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  Canton,  Ohio,  from  1808 
to  1816,  and  afterwards  at  Wooster  until  1819;  was 
a  Colonel  of  Militia  during  the  War  of  1812;  in  1819 
was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  Representative  from 
Ohio,  continuing  a  member  until  1829;  was  Clerk  of 
the  Common  Pleas  for  seven  years;  was  Secretary  of 
State  for  three  years;  was  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  under  President  Fillmore.  Died  in  Wooster. 
May  15,  1856,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Sloane,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
settled  in  Ohio;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1833  to  1837. 

Slocum,  Henry  W.;  was  born  in  New  York, 
September  24,  1H27;  graduated  at  the  West  Point 
Military  Academy  in  1852;  on  receiving  the  appoint 
ment  of  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  United  States 
Army,  was  assigned  to  duty  in  Florida,  where 
he  spent  about  one  year;  from  1853  to  1856,  as  a 
First  Lieutenant,  was  on  duty  at  Fort  Moultrie, 
on  leaving  which  he  resigned  his  commission; 
having  paid  some  attention  to  the  study  of  law, 
engaged  in  its  practice  at  Syracuse,  New  York,  from 
1856  to  1861;  in  1859  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature;  from  1851)  to  1861  was  Instructor  of  Artillery 
in  the  New  York  Militia;  when  the  Rebellion  broke 
out  was  chosen  Colonel  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Regi 
ment  of  New  York  Volunteers;  before  the  close  of  1861 
was  made  Brigadier-General  of  Volunteers;  in  18(12 
was  appointed  aMajor-General;  served  with  zeal  and 
success  until  the  cessation  of  hostilities;  was  present 
at  the  battles  of  Manassa  and  Antietam,  the  march 
from  the  mountains  to  the  sea,  and  at  the  time  of 
bis  resignation,  in  September,  1865,  was  in  command 
of  the  Department  of  Mississippi;  in  1865  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Secretary  of  State  of  New 
York,  but  was  defeated,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1868  was  chosen 
a  Presidential  Elector;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty -second 
Congresses,  terving  on  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty -eighth  Con 
gress. 

Slocum,  Jesse;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1817  to  1820.  Died 
in  Washington  before  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
December  20,  of  the  latter  year. 

Sloss,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Somerville,  Mor 
gan  County,  Alabama,  October  12,  1826;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law  at  Athens,  Ten 


nessee;  settled  in  Edwardsville,  Illinois,  in  1849; 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1858;  in  1861 
returned  to  Alabama,  and  joined  the  Confederate 
Army,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war; 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Tuscumbia  after  the  war,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  1870;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Revision  of  Laws,  the  Militia,  and  Patents. 

Slough,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  from  which  he 
was  expelled  for  striking  a  member  during  debate; 
in  1852  was  chosen  Secretary  of  the  Central  Demo 
cratic  Committee;  soon  after  went  to  Kansas;  in  1860 
removed  to  Denver  City,  Colorado;  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War  served  with  credit  on  the 
Southwestern  frontiers;  was  made  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  and  Military  Governor  at  Alexandria,  in  Vir 
ginia;  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico;  a  resolution 
for  his  removal  was  introduced  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  and  he  sought  a  personal  encounter  with 
the  author  of  the  resolution — a  Senator, — and  the  re 
sult  was  his  death,  December  16,  1867. 

Small,  "William  B.;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Smalley,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Middlebury, 
Addison  County,  Vermont,  April  6,  1809;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  Franklin  County  in  1831,  in  which  county 
he  practiced  his  profession;  in  1842  was  elected  a 
State  Senator,  and  declined  a  re-election;  in  1844 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  United  States  Su 
preme  Court;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "National  Dem 
ocratic  Convention  "  held  in  Baltimore,  in  1852,  and 
was  Vice-President  of  the  Convention;  in  1853  was 
appointed  Collector  of  Customs  for  Vermont;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Cincinnati  Convention  of  1857;  in 
that  year  was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  Distict  of  Vermont;  on  account  of  ill-healtn 
Congress,  in  1875,  authorized  him  to  retire  on  full 
pay. 

Smalls,  Robert;  was  born  in  Beaufort,  South 
Carolina,  April  5,  1839;  received  no  education  until 
the  close  of  the  Civil  War;  lived  at  Beaufort  until 
1851,  when  he  went  to  Charleston  and  worked  at  the 
rigger's  trade,  and  led  a  seafaring  life  along  the 
coast  of  South  Carolina  and  Florida;  having  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  bays  and  harbors  of  the  coast, 
went  on  board  the  Steamer  Planter  in  the  Confederate 
service  in  1861,  acting  as  pilot;  when  the  opportunity 
offered  he  siezed  the  boat  and  joined  the  United 
States  fleet  outside  the  harbor;  was  then  entered  on 
the  navy  list  of  the  Federal  service;  was  subsequent 
ly  commissioned  as  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  Thirty- 
third  Regiment  of  colored  troops,  and  performed. 
efficient  service  during  the  war,  on  sea  and  land,  for 
which  he  was  promoted  to  Captain;  returned  to  Beau 
fort  after  the  war;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention;  in  1868  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  State;  also  filled 
an  unexpired  term  in  the  State  Senate  for  two  years; 
in  1872  was  re-elected  to  that  position;  was  made 
Brigadier-General  and  afterwards  Major-General  of 
State  troops;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  de 
feated  for  re-election  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress; 
was  again  elected  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth 
Congresses. 


458 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Smart,  Ephraim  K.;  was  born  at  Prospect 
(now  Searsport),  Maine,  in  1813;  was  thrown  upon 
his  own  resources  to  obtain  means  of  education. 
which  he  obtained  at  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary 
after  the  study  of  law  for  three  years,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Camden.  Maine;  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Camden  in  1838;  in  1841  was  elected  State 
Senator,  in  1842  was  Aid  to  the  Governor,  with  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel;  was  re-elected  to  tin- 
Senate  the  same  year;  in  1843  went  to  Missouri,  and 
practiced  law,  as  an  Attorney  and  Counselor,  and 
Solicitor  in  Chancery;  returned  to  Camden,  and  was 
again  Postmaster  in  1845;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maine  from  1847  to  184H.  and  from 
1851  to  1853;  from  1853  to  18~>8  was  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Belfast,  Maine;  in  1854  established  the 
Maine  Free  Press,  and  was  its  editor  for  three  years; 
in  18.">8  returned  to  the  practice  of  law  in  Camden;  in 
September  of  that  year  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature. 

Smart,  James  S.;  was  born  at  Baltimore,  Mary 
land.  June  14,  1842;  received  a  classical  education 
at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  1864,  as  First  Lieutenant,  Sixteenth 
New  York  Heavy  Artillery;  served  in  the  army  until 
the  second  Expedition  to  Fort  Fisher;  was  promoted 
to  a  Captaincy;  in  1865  took  charge  of  the  Washing 
ton  Count}/  Poxt,  published  at  Cambridge;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions. 

Smelt,  Dennis ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Georgia  from  1806  to  1811. 

Smilie,  John ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  emigrated 
to  this  country  when  a  youth ;  held  many  civil  and 
military  positions  during  the  Revolution;  served  in 
the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  his  adopted  State; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1793  to  1795,  and  again  from  1799  to  1813;  in 
1797  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  in  Washing 
ton,  December  30,  1813,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Smith,  A.  Herr ;  was  born  in  Manor  Township. 
Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  7,  1815; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1840;  studied  law 
in  Lancaster;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1843  and  1844;  in  1845  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  War'daiins; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Smith,  Albert ;  was  born  in  Hanover,  Plymouth 
County,  Massachusetts,  January  3,  1793;  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1*13;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1816;  removed  to  Maine  in  1817;  was  sent  to 
the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  1820;  was,  for 
many  years,  a  Postmaster  in  Maine;  from  1830  to 

1838  was  Marshal  of  the  United  States  for  Maine: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress .  from  Maine  from 

1839  to  1841;  in  1842  was  appointed  the  United  States 
Commissioner  to  settle  the  Northeastern  Boundary, 
under  the  Ashburton   Treaty,   which   business  was 
completed  in  1847.     Died  in  Boston,  May  29,  1867. 

Smith,  Albert;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly,  from  Genesee 
County,  in  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1843  to  1847. 

Smith,  Alcock  O.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  re 
moved  to  Washington  Territory,  from  which  he 'was 
appointed  a  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
the  Territory  of  Idaho. 


Smith,  Arthur ;  was  born  in  Igle  of  Wight 
County,  Virginia.  November  15.  1785;  was  educated 
at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  but  never  practiced;  served  with  credit 
at  the  head  of  a  Militia  force  at  Norfolk,  in  1812;  was 
a  member  of  the  Privy  Council  of  Virginia,  and  sub 
sequently  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1825.  Died 
in  Virginia.  March  30,  1853. 

Smith,  Ballard;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1815  to  1821. 

Smith,  Benjamin;  was  a  resident  of  Brunswick 
County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1792;  was  a  General  of  Militia;  was 
Governor  of  the  State  from  1810  to  1811;  his  life  was 
one  of  many  difficulties;  was  engaged  in  many  duels, 
but  is  kindly  remembered  because  of  his  donation  of 
twenty  thousand  acres  of  land  to  the  State  University 
in  1789. 

Smith,  Bernard;  was  born  at  Morristown,  New 
Jersey,  in  1776;  held  an  office  in  Washington  for  a 
time,  and  was  sent  as  a  Special  Bearer  of  Dispatches 
to  Europe;  was  subsequently  Collector  and  Postmas 
ter  at  New  Brunswick;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1819  to  1821 ;  during  the 
latter  year  was  appointed  Register  of  the  Land  Office 
in  Arkansas,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Little  Rock,  July  16,  1835;  during 
his  residence  in  Arkansas  he  served  the  Government 
as  an  Indian  Agent. 

Smith,  Boardman  H.;  was  born  in  Whiting- 
ham,  Vermont,  August  18,  1828;  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College,  Massachusetts,  in  1847;  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  New  York;  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Chemung  County  Courts  in  1859.  and  elected  to 
the  same  office  in  that  year;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-second  and 
Forty-third  Congresses,  servingion  several  committees, 
and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Elections 

Smith,  Caleb  B.;  was  born  at  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  16,  1808;  emigrated,  with  his  parents, 
to  Ohio  in  1814;  was  educated  at  the  Cincinnati  Col 
lege  and  Miami  University;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law,  and  settled  in  Indiana;  in  1832  established 
and  edited  a  Whig  journal  called  the  Indiana  Senti 
nel;  in  1833  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature; 
was  re-elected  in  1834,  1835,  and  1836,  during  the 
latter  year  officiating  as  Speaker;  in  1847  and  1848 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Fund  Commissioners; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from 
1843  to  1849;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840  and 
1856;  after  leaving  Congress,  in  1849.  was  appointed, 
by  President  Taylor,  one  of  the  members  of  the  Board 
for  Investigating  the  Claims  of  American  citizens 
against  Mexico;  subsequently  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Depart 
ment;  was  a  member  of  tiie  "  Peace  Congress  "  held 
in  Washington  in  February,  1861;  in  December,  1862, 
resigned  the  office  of  Secretary,  and  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Indiana.  Died  January  8,  1864. 

Smith,  Daniel ;  was  one  of  the  earliest  emigrants 
to  Tennessee;  was  a  General  of  Militia;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  froiu  Tennessee  during  the  year  1798, 
when  lie  was  superseded  by  J.  Anderson;  was  again 
i  Senator  from  18il5  to  1809.  Died  in  July,  1818. 

Smith,  Delazon ;  was  born  at  New  Berlin, 
Dhenango  County.  New  York;  graduated  at  the 
Uberliu  Collegiate  Institute,  of  Ohio,  in  1837;  studied 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


459 


law;  becoming  a  writer  for  the  press,  was  associated 
with  the  Rochester  True  Jeff'ersonian.  in  New  York, 
and  the  Western  Empire,  in  Dayton,  Ohio;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Special  Commissioner  to  ! 
Quito;  in  1846  removed  to  Iowa  Territory,  where  he  I 
remained  until  1852,  when  he  emigrated  to  Oregon 
Territory;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of 
Oregon,  and  was  re-elected  in  1855  and  1856;  in  1857 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  a 
State  Constitution ;  in  July,  1 858,  was  chosen  one  of 
the  Senators  in  Congress  for  the  prospective  State, 
and  took  his  seat  as  such  in  February,  1859.  Died 
in  Portland,  Oregon,  November  17,  1860. 

Smith,  Dietrich  C.;  was  born  in  Ostfriesland, 
Hanover,  April  4,  1841);  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1849,  and  settled  in  Pekiu,  Illinois;  entered 
the  Union  Army  in  1861,  and  served  throughout  the 
war,  attaining  the  rank  of  Captain;  engaged  in  bank 
ing  and  manufacturing;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature  of  Illinois;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

Smith,  Edward  Henry ;  was  born  at  Smith- 
town,  Long  Island,  in  1809;  received  a  good  common 
school  education;  was  bred  a  farmer,  to  which  occu 
pation  he  devoted  his  life;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agri 
culture,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment. 

Smith,  Edward  P.;  was  born  at  South  Britain, 
Connecticut,  June  3,  1827:  entered  Dartmouth  Col 
lege,  but  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1849,  and 
from  Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1855;  in  1856 
was  settled  over  a  church  in  Pepperell,  Massachusetts : 
in  1862  was  a  Delegate  under  the  Christian  Commis 
sion  ;  was  soon  made  Field  Agent  for  the  Army  of  the 
West,  and  then  of  the  East;  also  acted  as  Secretary  of 
tho  Commission  at  Philadelphia;  after  the  war 
entered  the  service  of  the  American  Missionary  As 
sociation,  and  aided  in  establishing  schools  for  Freed- 
men;  in  1871  was  appointed  an  Indian  Agent  among 
the  Chippewas'  in  Minnesota;  in  1873  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  without  previous  in 
timation;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Presi 
dent  of  Howard  University. 

Smith,  Edwin  B.;'was  born  in  Maine,  about  the 
year  1835;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1852; 
studied  law,  and,  on  coming  to  the  bar,  settled  in 
Saco.  Maine,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  with 
success;  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legislature; 
was  chosen  Speaker  in  1871;  was  subsequently  the 
Official  Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  August, 
1875,  was  appointed  First  Assistant  in  the  office  of 
the  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States. 

Smith,  Francis  O.  J.;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  was  bred  to  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  As 
sembly  of  Maine  in  1831;  was  President  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1833;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maine  from  1833  to  1839. 

Smith,  George;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1809  to  1813. 

Smith,  George  L.;  was  born  in  Hillsborough 
County,  New  Hampshire,  December  11,  1840;  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education;  served  in  the  army; 
settled  in  Louisiana  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business;  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  in  1870  and  1872;  was  proprie 
tor  of  the  Shreveport  Southwestern  Telegram;  was 
President  of  a  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Company; 


was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Smith,  George  "William  ;  was  Governor  of  Vir 
ginia  from  1811  to  1812;  lost  his  life  at  the  burning 
of  the  Richmond  Theater,  December  26,  1811. 

Smith,  Gerrit;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853 
to  1855. 

Smith,  Green  Clay;  was  born  in  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  July  2,  1830;  graduated  at  Transylvania 
University  in  1849,  and  in  the  Law  Department  of 
the  same  institution  in  1852;  was  a  School  Commis 
sioner  from  1853  to  1857,  establishing  a  great  iium- 
bor  of  schools;  served  as  Second  Lieutenant  in  the 
Mexican  War;  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  in  1861,  had  command  of  the  Fourth  Kentucky 
Cavalry;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature:  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General  in  1862,  and  subse 
quently  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-General ;  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff  and  about  fifty 
other  engagements;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress. 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections,  and  on  the 
Militia;  his  commission  as  General  he  resigned  De 
cember  1,  1863;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore 
Convention"  of  1864;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the 
Death  of  President  Lincoln  and  Public  Expendi 
tures,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia, 
and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Debts  of  the 
Loyal  States;  w.as  also  a  member  of  the  National 
Committee  appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of 
President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  in  1866,  while  still  in 
Congress,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Gov 
ernor  of  Montana;  subsequently  became  a  preacher 
iu  the  Baptist  Church. 

Smith,  HezekiahB.;  was  born  at  Bridgewater, 
Vermont,  July  26,  1816;  received  a  common  school 
education;  learned  the  trade  of  a  cabinet-maker,  and 
became  an  inventor  and  manufacturer  of  wood  ma 
chinery  ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Smith,  Hiram  Y.;  was  born  at  Piqua,  Ohio, 
March  22,  1843;  received  an  academic  education; 
graduated  from  the  Albany  Law  School,  at  Albany, 
New  York,  in  1866;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in  1866;  was 
District  Attorney  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of 
Iowa  from  1875  to  1879;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Iowa  from  1882  to  1884;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of 
John  A.  Kasson. 

Smith,  Isaac ;  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1755  and  a  tutor  in  that  institution ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from 
1795  to  1797;  was  appointed,  by  President  Washing 
ton,  in  the  latter  year,  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Seneca  Indians;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  New  Jersey.  Died  in  1807. 

Smith,  Isaac ;  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1813  to  1815. 

Smith,  Israel ;  was  born  in  Connecticut,  April  4, 
1759;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1781;  studied 
law,  and  settled  at  Rupert,  Vermont;  subsequently 
settled  at  Rutland,  and  was  sent  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  from  that  town ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


460 


TUOGRAPRICAL    ANNALS 


gress  from  1791  to  1797,  and  again  in  1800;  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ver 
mont  in  1797;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  during  the 
years  1801  and  1802,  and  from  1803  to  1807,  when  he 
resigned;  was  Governor  of  Vermont  in  1807;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1809.  Died  December  2, 
1810. 

«  Smith,  James;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1713; 
came  to  America  when  H  boy ;  received  a  classical 
education,  and  studied  law  in  Lancaster,  Pennsyl 
vania;  became  interested  in  iron-work«,  and  eminent 
in  "his  profession;  on  the  approach  of  war  took  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs;  raised  a  company  and 
commanded  it  in  the  field,  and  was  made  a  Colonel; 
also  look  an  active  part  ^  raising  additional  troops; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from 
1776  to  1778;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence;  in  1780  entered  the  State  Legislature; 
after  retiring  from  that  body  devoted  his  whole  at 
tention  to  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Died  July 
11,  1806. 

Smith,  James  Milton;  was  elected  Governor 
of  Georgia  in  1872,  for  the  term  ending  in  1877. 

Smith,  James  S.J  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  educated  for  the  medical  pro 
fession;  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1817  to  1821;  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  North  Carolina  in  1821. 

Smith,  James  Y.;  was  born  at  Groton,  Con 
necticut,  September  15,  1809;  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
removed  to  Providence,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business;  in  1838  was  a  cotton  manufacturer  at 
Willimantic,  Connecticut,  and  at  Woonsocket,  Rhode 
Island;  was  afterward  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  Rhode  Island  for  several  years;  was  Mayor  of 
Providence  in  1855  and  1857;  was  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1863  to  1865;  was  a  supporter  of  the 
Union  Cause,  and  contributed  from  his  own  wealth, 
in  aid  of  the  soldiers  and  their  families  during  the 
war. 

Smith,  J.  Hyatt;  was  born  at  Saratoga,  New 
York,  April  10.  1824;  occupied  several  clerical  posi 
tions;  studied  theology,  and  in  1848  was  ordained  a 
Minister  of  the  Gospel;  after  having  had  several  other 
charges,  finally  settled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  in 
the  prosecution  of  his  calling;  in  1880  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty -seventh 
Congress.  Died  December  7,  1886. 

Smith,  Jedediah  K.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1807  to  189, 
ftnd  from  1*22  to  1825;  held  the  office  of  Judge 
and  Chief  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Co.nmon  Pleas  Ibr 
Hillsborough  County  from  1810  to  1814;  was  also 
a  State  Councilor.  Died  in  18:28,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

Smith,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  Peterborough 
New  Hampshire;  graduated  at  Rutgers  College,  New 
Jersey,  in  1/80;  received,  from  Harvard  College,  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Hampshire  in  1791,  and  continued 
there  till  179,.  being  one  of  the  last  survivors  of  the 
distinguished  men  who  participated  with  Washing 
ton  in  the  administration  of  the  Government;  in  1801 
was  appointed,  by  President  John  Adams,  a  Judge  of 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  but  did  not  serve 
as  the  ottice  was  soon  afterwards  abolished  by  Con 
gress;  was  chosen  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1809;  served  as  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1809  and 
was,  for  several  years.  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  State;  his  extraordinary  mental  endow- 


!  ineiits  not  only  remained  unimpaired,  but  even  shone 
forth  brightest  when  he  was  near  the  close  of  his 
long  life;  few  persons  have  been  more  widely  known 
as  statesmen  and  jurists,  or  have  left  behind  them  a 
more  enduring  reputation;  his  acquaintance  with 
books  was  extensive,  and  his  literary  taste  remarka 
bly  correct  and  pure;  he  was  highly  esteemed,  nol 
only  as  a  lawyer  and  judge,  but  for  his  eminent 
social  qualifications,  and  for  all  the  attributes  of  a 
great  and  good  man;  he  was  a  devoted  friend  of  Dan 
iel  Webster.  Died  at  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  Sep 
tember  21,  1843. 

Smith,  John  ;  was  a  General  of  Militia  in  New 
York;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from 
1784  to  1799;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
adopted  the  Constitution;  was  a  Kepresentative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1799  to  1804,  when  he 
resigned;  from  1804  to  1813  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed,  by  President 
Madison,  United  States  Marshal  for  New  York.  Died  i 
in  1816. 

Smith,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1801  to  1815. 

Smith,  John;  was  born  in  1735;  was  a  Senatoi 
in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1803  to  1808,  when  h€ 
resigned ;  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of  Aaron  Burr, 
and  though  for  a  time  suspected,  was  in  reality  inno 
cent,  of  treasonable  designs.  Died  in  July,  1816. 

Smith,  John  ;  was  born  at  Barre,  Massachusetts, 
in  August,  1789;  received  a  liberal  education;  re 
moved,  in  early  life,  to  St.  Albans.  Vermont,  where 
he  was  admitted  to  practice  as  a  lawyer  in  1810;  rep 
resented  St.  Albans  in  the  Legislature  for  nine  suc 
cessive  years;  was  elected  State's  Attorney  of  Frank 
lin  County  in  1826,  and  served  six  years;  in  1831, 
1832,  and  1833  was  Speaker  in  the  General  Assem 
bly;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont 
from  1839  to  1841,  after  which  he  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession;  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Middlebury  College  and  the  University  of  Ver 
mont;  in  1816  became  enlisted  in  important  railroad 
projects,  and  was  so  engaged  at  the  time  of  his  sud 
den  death,  which  occurred  at  St.  Albans,  November 
26,  1858. 

Smith,  John  A.;  was  born  at  Hillsborough, 
Ohio,  September  23,  1814;  graduated  at  the  Miami 
University;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1841  and  Irt42;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1851;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

Smith,  John  Ambler ;  was  born  near  Dinwid- 
die  Court  House,  Virginia,  September  23,  1847;  was 
educated  at  a  high  school;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  in  1868  was  appointed 
Commissioner  in  Chancery  of  the  courts  of  Richmond; 
was  State  Attorney  of  Charles  City  and  New  Kent 
Counties  for  one  year;  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Patents,  and  Railroads  and  Canals. 

Smith,  John  B. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Louisiana  from  1853  to  1855. 

Smith,  John  Cotton  ;  was  born  at  Sharon,  Con 
necticut,  February  12,  1765 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1783;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice,  in  Litchfield  County,  in  1786;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1793;  from  1796  to  1800  was  a 
member  of  the  Lower  House;  in  1799  was  elected 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


461 


Speaker;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1800  to  1806,  when  he  resigned;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1809;  was  agiin  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  until  1809,  when  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Council;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut 
from  1812  to  1817;  was  Lieutenant-Governor,  and 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Yale  College;  was  a  member  of  the 
Northern  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  Copenhagen,  and 
of  the  Connecticut  Historical  Society,  and  also  of 
various  religious  associations.  Died  at  Sharon,  Con 
necticut,  November  7,  1845. 

Smith,  John  Cotton;  was  a  citizen  of  Con 
necticut;  in  1858  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Bolivia;  was  recalled  in  1861. 

Smith,  John  Gregory  ;  was  born  at  St.  Albans, 
Vermont,  July  22,  1818;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Vermont  in  1838,  and  at  the  New  Haven  Law 
School;  began  to  practice  law  with  his  brother  John, 
in  1838,  and  at  his  death  succeeded  him  as  Chancel 
lor  in  1858;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1858 
and  1859;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  from  1860  to  1862,  and  Speaker  in  1862;  was 
Governor  of  Vermont  from  1863  to  1865 ;  was  an  active 
supporter  of  the  Union  Cause  during  the  Civil  War; 
in  1866  was  made  President  of  the  North  Pacific  Rail 
road. 

Smith,  John  Q.;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  November5,  1824;  was  educated  at  the  com 
mon  schools;  was  a  farmer;  was  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Senate  in  1860  and  1872;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1862  and  1863; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Claims; 
in  December,  187"),  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Indian  Affairs. 

Smith,  John  Speed ;  was  born  in  Jessamine 
County,  Kentucky,  July  31,  1792;  served  as  a  soldier 
under  General  Harrison,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
Tippecanoe;  was  Aid-de-camp  to  the  same  General  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  in  1813;  in  1819  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1821  to 
1823;  in  1827  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  made  Speaker  of  the  House;  subse 
quently  served  several  terms  both  in  the  House  and 
Senate;  was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Kentucky;  was,  at 
one  time,  a  commissioner  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
on  a  mission  of  local  interest;  was  Superintendent  of 
Public  Works  in  Kentucky,  for  several  years.  Died 
in  Madison  County,  June  6,  1854. 

Smith,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department. 

Smith,  Jonathan  B.;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1760;  was  a  Delegate  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1778,  and 
was  a  signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

Smith,  Joseph  L.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  well  educated,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  having  become  a  resident  of  Florida,  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  that  Territory,  serv 
ing  as  such  until  1832. 

Smith,  Joseph  S.;  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Pennsylvania,  June  20,  1824;  received  a  common 
school  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
removed  to  Oregon,  and  then  to  Washington  Terri 


tory;  was  made  Prosecuting  Attorney;  was  elected  to 
the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  made  Speaker  in 
1857:  was,  for  two  years,  United  States  District  At 
torney  for  the  Territory,  but  resigned  and  returned  to 
Oregon;  was  interested  in  the  first  woolen  mill 
erected  on  the  Pacific  Slope,  which  was  eminently 
successful;  in  18i>7  retired  from  business  and  visited 
Europe;  on  his  return  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Oregon  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads,  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions;  in  1864  was  nominated  fora 
seat  on  the  Supreme  Bench  of  the  State,  but  de 
clined. 

Smith,  Josiah  ;  was  born  at  Pembroke,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1745;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1774;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1801  to  1803;  on  his  return  from 
Washington,  in  March,  1803,  took  the  small-pox  in 
New  York,  and  died  at  home  before  the  close  of  the 
month. 

Smith,  Melancthon;  was  a  Delegate  from 
New  York  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1785  to 
1788. 

Smith,  Merriwether;  was  born  in  Essex  Coun. 
ty,  Virginia;  was  long  a  member  of  the  House  of  Bur. 
gesses;  was  a  member  of  all  the  Virginia  Convenj 
tions  in  1775  and  1776 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Fed  era 
Convention  of  Virginia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti" 
nental  Congress  from  1778  to  1782. 

Smith,  Nathan;  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Con 
necticut,  in  1770;  received  his  professional  education 
at  the  Law  School  in  Li tch field;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  that  formed  the  State  Constitution; 
was,  for  many  years,  State's  Attorney  for  the  county 
of  New  Haven ;  frequently  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was,  for  several  years,  United  States  Attorney 
for  the  District  of  Connecticut;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Hartford  Convention  "  in  1814;  represented  his  na 
tive  State  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  from 
1833  to  1835;  was  long  known  as  an  eminent  lawyer, 
respected  for  his  integrity  and  ability.  Died  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  December  6,  1836. 

Smith,  Nathaniel;  was  born  in  Woodbury, 
Connecticut,  January  6, 1762;  his  education  was  lim 
ited  ;  studied  law,  and  settled  in  practice  in  his  na 
tive  town  in  1789;  was,  for  many  years,  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  serving,  at  different  times,  in 
both  houses;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Connecticut  from  1795  to  1799;  in  1806  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  held 
the  office  until  1819;  was  greatly  esteemed  for  his 
integrity  and  piety.  Died  March  9,  1822. 

Smith,  Oliver  Hampton  ;  was  born  near  Tren 
ton,  New  Jersey,  October  23,  1794;  studied  law;  in 
1824  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Third  District 
of  Indiana;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1822;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana 
from  1827  to  1829;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1837  to  1848;  was  the  author  of  a  work  giving  his 
"Recollections  of  Congressional  Life,"  originally 
published  in  the  Indianapolis  Journal;  subsequently 
devoted  much  attention  to  the  internal  affairs  of  his 
adopted  State.  Died  at  Indianapolis,  March  19, 1849. 

Smith,  Perry ;  was  born  at  Washington,  Con 
necticut;  attended  the  Litchfield  Law  School;  settled 
in  New  Milford  in  1807;  was  a  State  Representative 
for  four  years;  was  a  Judge  of  Probate  for  two  years; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843.  "  Died 
in  New  Milford  in  1852. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Smith,  Richard;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Jer 
sey  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776. 

Smith,  Robert;  was  born  in  1757;  served  as  a 
volunteer  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Brandywine;  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Maryland  Legislature;  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
from  1802  to  1805,  in  President  Jefferson's  Cabinet; 
»was  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  President  Madison, 
which  oflice  he  resigned  and  retired  to  private  life. 
Died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  November  26,  1842. 

Smith,  Robert ;  was  born  at  Peterborough. 
New  Hampshire,  June  12,  1802;  received  a  limited 
education;  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  until  he  at 
tained  his  twentieth  year,  but  subsequently  engaged 
in  manufacturing  and  merchandising;  removed  to  Il 
linois  in  1832;  served  in  the  Illinois  Legislature  from 
1836  to  1840;  was  Enrolling  and  Engrossing  Clerk  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  Illinois  from  1840  to 
1843;  was  then  elected  to  Congress,  and  served  until 
March  4,  1849;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  being  Chairman  of  the 'Committee  on  Mile 
age;  subsequently  took  an  active  part  in  organi/ing 
the  railroads  in  his  adopted  State.  Died  at  Alton, 
Illinois,  December,  1867. 

Smith,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  July  27,  1752;  was  a  distinguished 
merchant  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  contributed 
largely  to  the  advancement  of  that  city,  of  which  he 
was  once  Mayor;  rose  from  the  rank  of  Captain  to 
that  of  Brigadier-General  in  the  Revolutionary  War; 
in  1776  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for  framing 
the  Constitution  of  Maryland:  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1793  to  1803.  and 
again  from  181(5  to  1822;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1803  to  1815,  and  again  from  1822  to  1833, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Finance; 
during  apart  of  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Congresses! 
officiated  as  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  Died 
suddenly,  at  Baltimore,  April  25,  1839. 

Smith,  Samuel;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  18i»5  to  1809. 

Smith,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Peterborough, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1767;  held  many  public  posi 
tions;  was,  for  many  years,  a  manufacturer  of  paper; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Harnp 
ehire.  from  1813  to  1815.  Died  in  1842. 

Smith,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Bucks  County,' 
Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1833,  serving,  during  his 
second  term,  on  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

Smith,  Samuel  A.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County 
Tennessee,  June  26,  1822;  lost  his  father  when  quite 
young,  and,  with  limited  opportunities  for  attending 
school,  spent  the  most  of  his  time  on  a  farm  until  he 
became  of  age;  at  that  time  began  to  attend  school 
in  earnest;  at  the  end  of  three  months  became  a 
teacher,  and  for  two  years  alternately  attended 
and  taught  school  in  his  native  county;  also  taught 
school,  fora  while,  during  ten  months  that  he  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845;  during  that 
year  was  elected  Attorney-General  for  the  Third 
Judicial  District  of  Tennessee,  which  office  he  held 
until  1848;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "National Conven 
tion  oi'that  year,  held  at  Baltimore;  was  soon  after 
wards  elected  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  again 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  in  1850  took 
a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  East  Tennessee 
and  Georgia  Railroad;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress-  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 


gresses,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee 
on  Printing;  in  1859  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office; 
resigned  in  February,  1860. 

Smith,  Samuel  Emerson ;  was  born  at  Hollis, 
New  Hampshire,  March  12,  1788;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1808;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Boston,  and  settled  in  Wiscasset,  Maine, 
in  1812;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Legislature  in 
1819  and  1820;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  of  Maine  in  1821;  was  Justice  of  the 
State  Court  of  Common  Pleas  from  1822  to  1830; 
was  Governor  of  Maine  from  1831  to  1834;  was  again 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  ( 'ommon  Pleas  from  1835  to 
1837;  in  the  latter  year  was  a  Commissioner  tore- 
vise  the  Public  Statutes  of  Maine.  Died  in  Wis 
casset,  March  3,  1860. 

Smith,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Scotland;  emi 
grated  to  America;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  in 
1769  was  appointed  Deputy-Surveyor,  and  settled  in 
Bedford,  Pennsylvania;  was  Prothonotary  Clerk  of 
the  Sessions  and  Recorder  of  Bedford  County;  was 
Colonel  of  Militia  during  the  Revolution;  was  a 
member  of  the  "  Constitutional  Convention  "  in  1776; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1780  to  1782; 
was  President-Judge  from  1791  to  1794;  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  Pennsylvania  from  1794  to 
1809.  Died  at  Bedford,  Pennsylvania,  June,  1809. 

Smith,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

Smith,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from 
1839  to  1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1847. 

Smith,  Thomas  L. ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  man  of  superior  culture;  was  appointed  Register  of 
the  Treasury,  by  President  Jackson,  in  1829,  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  1845;  in  1849  was 
appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  First  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Washington,  December  4.  1871. 
During  his  protracted  residence  in  Washington,  as  an 
official  of  the  Government,  he  commanded  the  high 
est  regard  of  the  community. 

Smith,  Truman;  was  born  in  Rocksbnry, 
Litchfield  County,  Connecticut,  November  27,  1791 ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1815;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1831,  and  re-elected  in  1832  and 
1834;  in  1839  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1841 ;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1844;  in  1845  was  again  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1847;  in 
1849  took  his  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate  for  a 
full  term  of  six  years;  resigned  in  1854;  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  New  York  City; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Arbitration  in  New  York,  under  the  Treaty 
of  1862  with  Great  Britain. 

Smith,  Walter  H.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  in  1871 
was  appointed  an  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States. 

Smith,  "William ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1777  to  1778' 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  under  the  Con- 
iitution,  from  1789  to  1791,  when  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Washington,  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 
n  1792  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  in  Balti 
more,  March  27,  1814,  aged  eighty-four  years 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


463 


Smith,  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to  1799;  re 
signed  on  being  appointed,  by  President  John 
Adams,  United  States  Minister  to  Portugal. 

Smith,  "William ;  \vas  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1762;  emigrated  to  South  Carolina;  was  educated 
at  Mount  Zion  College;  studied  law;  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1792;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  South 
Carolina  from  1816  to  1823,  and  again  from  1826  to 
1831,  officiating  on  two  occasions  as  President  pro 
lem.  of  the  Senate;  in  1837  received  the  electoral 
vote  of  Virginia  for  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States;  served  in  the  Legislature  of  South  Carolina; 
was  Judg :  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  State;  was  a 
distinguished  supporter  of  the  doctrine  of  State 
Eights;  was  offered  a  Seat  on  the  Bench  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States,  but  declined  it; 
passed  the  latter  years  of  his  life  in  Alabama,  and 
died  at  Huntsville,  in  July,  1840. 

Smith,  "William ;  was  born]in  Chesterfield,  Vir 
ginia;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Nineteenth  Congress. 

Smith,  "William;  was  born  in  King  George 
County,  Virginia,  September  6,  1797;  after  prosecut 
ing  his  studies  at  Plainfield  Academy,  in  Connecticut, 
and  at  private  schools  in  Virginia,  studied  law  and 
commenced  the  practice  in  1818;  soon  after  was  the 
means  of  establishing  a  line  of  post-coaches  through 
Virginia,  the  Carolinas,  and  Georgia,  by  which  he 
made  a  fortune;  in  1836  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  re-elected  in  1840;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  during  the  term  of  1842  and 
1843;  in  1845  was  elected  Governor  of  Virginia  for 
three  years;  in  1853  was  again  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  in  which  position  he  continued 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  in  1861;  was 
Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Laws  of 
Public  Printing,  and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories  in  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress;  subse 
quently  served  as  a  Brigadier-General  in  the  Vir 
ginia  Army,  and  was  wounded  at  Antietam. 

Smith,  William  Alexander;  was  born  in 
"Warren  County,  North  Carolina,  January  9,  1828; 
received  a  limited  education;  was  a  farmer;  was  a 
member  of  the  Secession  Convention  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1861;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1864;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1865;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1870;  was  President  of  the  North 
Carolina  Railroad,  and  of  the  Yadkin  River  Railroad ; 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  the  Western  North  Caro 
lina  Railroad  in  1873;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Smith,  William  E.;  was  born  at  Augusta.  Geor 
gia,  March  14.  1829;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Albany,  in  that  State,  in  1842;  received  an  academic 
education:  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1848;  was  elected  Ordinary  of  Dougherty  County 
in  1853;  in  1850  was  made  Solicitor-General  for  the 
Southwestern  Circuit;  in  1861  entered  the  Confeder 
ate  Army  in  the  Fourth  Georgia  Regiment  as  First 
Lieutenant;  was  elected  Captain  in  1862;  lost  a  leg 
in  front  of  Richmond,  which  caused  him  to  retire 
from  the  service  and  return  to  the  practice  of  law;  in 
18(T?  was  elected  to  the  Confederate  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  and  continued  in  that  office  during  its  ex 
istence;  then  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and 
cotton  planting;  in  1874  declined  the  .Judgeship  of 
the  Albany  Circuit;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth  and  Forty- 
sixth  Congresses. 


Smith,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Georgia,  April 
9,  1826;  received  an  ordinary  English  education; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1852;  removed 
to  Alabama,  and  was  twice  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Circuit  Judge  of  the  State;  in  1868  was 
elected  Governor  of  Alabama  for  the  term  of  two 
years. 

I 

Smith,  William  Loughton ;  was  a  statesman 
of  South  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  from  South 
Carolina  to  Congress  from  1789  to  1799;  resigned  on 
being  appointed,  by  President  John  Adams,  United 
States  Minister  to  Portugal ;  was  Minister  to  Spain  in 
1800  and  1801:  published  an  oration  July  4,  1796;  a 
comparative  view  of  the  Constitutions  of  the  States 
and  the  United  States  in  1797;  a  pamphlet  against 
the  pretensions  of  Jefferson  to  the  Presidency;  es 
says  signed  "Phocian,"  and  an  address  to  his 
constituents  in  1794  ;  his  speeches  and  letters  to  his 
constituents  were  re-published  in  London  in  1795; 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  1812. 

Smith,  William  N.  H.;  was  born  in  Murfrees- 
borough,  Hertford  County,  North  Carolina,  Septem 
ber  24.  1812;  graduated'  at  Yale  College  in  1834; 
studied  law  in  New  Haven  for  two  years,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1839;  in  1840  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Commons;  in  1848 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  before  the  expiration 
of  his  senatorial  term  was  chosen  Solicitor  of  the 
First  Judicial  District,  holding  the  office  for  eight 
years;  in  1858  was  again  elected  to  the  House  of 
Commons,  but  resigned  his  seat;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861  as  a 
member  of  the  so-called  Confederate  Congress;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Con 
vention"  of  1866,  and  the  New  York  Convention  of 
1868. 

Smith,  "William  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Alabama,  his  native  State,  from  1851 
to  1855,  where  he  acquired  reputation  by  making  ;» 
demonstration  against  Kossuth;  chiefly  devoted  him 
self  to  literature  and  law,  and  had  a  seat  on  the 
bench  of  Alabama. 

Smith,  William  Stephens;  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1755:  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1774:  was  Aid  to  General  Sullivan  in  1776;  was  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Massachusetts  Regi 
ment  from  November,  1778,  to  March.  1779;  was  sev 
eral  times  wounded;  was  then,  for  a  short  time,  at 
tached  to  the  Staff  of  Steuben,  but  left  July,  1781,  1o 
become  Aid-de-camp  to  Washington:  was  Secretary 
of  Legation  under  John  Adams,  in  England,  in  178.i; 
was  Surveyor  of  the  port  of  New  York;  served  three 
years  as  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly;  was 
President  of  the  New  York  Cincinnati  Society  in 
1804;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1813  1o 
1816.  Died  at  Lebanon,  New  York,  June  10,  1816. 

Smith,  Worthington  C.;  was  born  in  St.  Al- 
bans,  Vermont,  April  23,  1823;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Vermont,  in  Burlington,  in  1843;  stud 
ied  law,  but  abandoned  the  profession,  and  became 
an  iron  merchant  and  manufacturer;  in  1863  was 
chosen  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State;  in  1864  and 
1865  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  officiating  dur 
ing  the  last  session  as  President  of  the  Senate;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Vermont  to  the  Fortieth 
and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Manufactures,  Weights  and  Measures,  and  Bank 
ing  and  Currency. 


464 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Smith,  W.  J.;  was  born  in  Birmingham,  Eng 
land;  came  to  this  country  when  quite  young;  after 
learning  the  trade  of  a  painter,  settled  in  New  York 
City;  when  the  war  with  Mexico  commenced,  went 
to  New  Orleans  and  enlisted  in  the  army;  after  tie 
war,  spent  ten  years  in  Memphis,  Tennessee,  follow 
ing  his  business,  after  which  he  devoted  himself  to 
agricultural  pursuits;  during  the  Rebellion  was  per 
secuted  and  arrested  on  account  of  his  devotion  to  the 
Union  cause;  on  being  released,  acted  as  a  guide  for 
the  troops  in  Tennessee;  enlisted  in  the  Volunteer 
Army  as  a  private,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brevet 
Brigadier-General;  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
to  re-organize  the  State  Government  in  Tennessee; 
was  subsequently  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in 
1867  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1868  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agricul 
ture,  and  Public  Buildings. 

Smithers,  Nathaniel  B.;  was  born  in  Dover, 
Delaware,  October  8,  1818;  graduated  at  Lafayette 
College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1836;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  was  Clerk  of  the  Delaware 
House  of  Representatives  in  1845  and  1847;  in  Jan- 
nary,  1863,  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Del 
aware,  which  position  he  resigned;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Convention"  of 
1864,  and  also  to  the  Philadelphia  ''Loyalists'  Con 
vention  ' '  of  1866. 

Smyth,  Alexander;  was  born  at  Island  of 
Rathlin,  Ireland,  in  1705;  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Legislature ;  was  appointed  a  Colonel  of  Rifles 
in  July,  1808;  was  appointed  acting  Inspector-Gen 
eral,  with  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  July,  1812;  un 
dertook  the  invasion  of  Canada  in  November,  1812, 
but  proved  incompetent  and  was  removed  from  the 
army;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia  from  1817  to  1825,  and  from  1827  to  1830.  Died 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  April  26,  1830. 
He  published  "  Regulations  for  United  States  In 
fantry,"  in  1812,  and  a  pamphlet  on  the  Apocalypse. 

Smyth,  Frederick;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  for  two  years,  from  1865  to  1867. 

Smyth,  George  W.;  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Texas  from  1853  to  1855. 

Smyth,  John  Henry  ;  was  born  at  Richmond. 
Virginia,  in  1814;  received  an  academic  education  at 
the  Institute  for  Colored  Yonth,  under  the  patronage 
of  the  Society  of  Friends,  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl 
vania,  graduating  therefrom  in  1862;  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia,  Pottsville,  Columbia, 
and  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law  in 
Philadelphia  and  at  Howard  University,  Washing 
ton,  District  of  Columbia;  while  prosecuting  his 
duties  was  a  Clerk  iu  the  Executive  Departments  at 
Washington;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Washington 
in  1871,  and  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
North  Carolina  in  1875;  in  the  latter  year  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  was 
subsequently  a  Clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department  at 
Washington;  in  1878  was  appointed  Minister  Resi- 
deut  and  Consul-General  of  the  United  States  to  Li 
beria;  was  recalled  in  1881  and  re-instated  in  1882; 
was  made  a  Doctor  of  Laws,  by  Liberia  Colleee  in 
1882. 

Smyth,  William ;  was  born  in  Tyrone  County, 
Ireland,  January  3,  1824;  received  an  academic  edu 


cation;  came  to  Pennsylvania  in  1838,  where  he 
taught  school  and  was  clerk  in  a  store ;  removed  to 
Iowa  iu  1844,  and  studied  law;  from  1848  until  1853 
was  Attorney  for  Linn  County;  was  .fudge  of  the 
same  from  1854  to  1857;  in  1858  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  to  codify  the  State  laws;  also  held  sev 
eral  other  appointments  from  the  Governor;  was  a 
Colonel  of  Iowa  Volunteers  from  1862  to  1864,  when 
he  resigned ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa 
to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Lands,  and  the  Militia. 

Snapp,  H.;  was  born  in  Livingston  County,  New 
York,  June  30,  1S22;  was  educated  in  Rochester,  arid 
in  Homer.  Illinois,  in  1833;  studied  law  in  Joliet; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  iu  1843;  practiced  law  for 
twenty-five  years;  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  State 
Senate  in  1869,  and  served  until  elected  to  the  For 
ty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Railways  and  Canals. 

Sneed,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Snodgrass,  John  Pryall ;  was  born  in  Berke 
ley  County,  Virginia,  March  2,  1804;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  practiced  in  Parkersburg,  Virginia; 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  "Constitutional  Con 
vention  "  assembled  at  Richmond  in  1850;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1853 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  while  trying  a  case 
in  court  in  Parkersburg,  June  5,  1854. 

Snow,  "William  ^W.;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  removed  to  New  York;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-second  Con 
gress. 

Snow,  Zerubbabel ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
the  Territory  of  Utah;  in  1850  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  United  States  Court  for  that  District. 

Snowden,  James  Ross ;  was  born  at  Chester, 
Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1810;  was  Speak 
er  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  from 
1842  to  1844;  was  State  Treasurer  from  1845  to  1847; 
was  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  Mint  from  1847 
to  1850,  and  Director  of  the  same  from  1853  to  1861; 
published  "Descriptions  of  Coins  in  the  United 
States  Mint,"  8vo,  1860,  "  Descriptions  of  Medals  in 
the  United  States  Mint,"  in  1861,  "The  Mint  at 
Philadelphia,"  1861,  "Coins  of  the  Bible,"  etc., 
1864,  "The  Corn  Planter  Memorial,"  1867;  was  the 
author  of  the  Articles  on  Coins  of  the  United  States 
in  the  National  Almanac  of  1873,  and  many  pam 
phlets  on  the  subject.  Died  March  22,  1878. 

Snyder,  Adam  W.;  was  born  in  1801;  frequent 
ly  served  in  the  State  Legislature  of  Illinois;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1837 
to  1839;  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  Belleville 
Illinois,  May  14,  1842. 

Snyder,  Charles  Philip;  was  born  near 
Charleston,  Kanawha  County,  West  Virginia,  June 
9,  1847;  received  a  common  school  education;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  prac 
tice  in  1871;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of 
Kanawha  County  in  1876;  was  re-elected  in  1880, 
and  continued  to  serve  until  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  elevation  of 
John  E.  Kenna  to  the  United  States  Senate;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  ( 'ongress. 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  BUILDING, 

WASHINGTON. 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  BUILDING, 
WASHINGTON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


465 


Snyder,  John  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Militia. 

Snyder,  Oliver  P. ;  was  born  in  Missouri,  No 
vember  13,  1833;  received  an  academic  education; 
removed  to  Arkansas  in  1853;  was,  for  several  years, 
engaged  in  scientific  and  literary  pursuits;  studied 
and  practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Arkansas  in  1864  and  1865;  was  elected 
a  Delegate  to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1867;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1868;  was. 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  for  four  years; 
was  appointed  one  of  the  three  Commissioners  to  re 
vise  and  re-arrange  the  Statutes  of  Arkansas;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Arkansas  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  and  served  on  the 
Committees  on  Freedmen  and  the  Militia;  in  March, 
1875,  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Pine  Bluff  in 
Arkansas. 

Snyder,  Simon ;  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  November  5,  175!);  rose  from  the  posi 
tion  of  apprentice  to  the  highest  honors  of  the  State; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  of  Pennsylvania;  was  several  years 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  in  1818  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate; 
was  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  from  1808  to  1817. 
Died  at  Selin's  Grove,  in  Northumberland  County, 
November  9,  1819. 

Sellers,  Augustus  B.;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  his 
native  State  from  1841  to  1843,  and  again  from  1853 
to  1855;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1856. 

Solomon,  Edward ;  was  Governor  of  Wisconsin 
from  1861  to  1863. 

Somes,  Daniel  E.;  was  a  Representative  from 
Maine  in  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures; 
from  1855  to  1857  was  Mayor  of  Biddeford,  Maine; 
from  1856  to  1858  was  President  of  the  City  Bank  of 
that  city;  was  a  member  of  the  "  Peace  Congress  " 
of  1861;  subsequently  settled  in  Washington  as  a 
Claim  Agent.  Declined  all  appeals  for  information. 

Soule,  Nathan ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1831  to  1833;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Onondaga  in 
1837. 

Soule,  Pierre ;  was  born  at  Castillion,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  in  1801,  during  the  First  Consulate  of 
Napoleon;  was  destined  for  the  Church,  and  in  1816 
was  sent  to  the  Jesuit's  College  at  Toulouse;  was  af 
terwards  sent  to  complete  his  studies  at  Bordeaux;  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  took  part  in  a  conspiracy  against  the 
Bourbons,  and  the  plot  being  discovered,  was  com 
pelled  to  take  refuge  in  a  little  village  of  Navarre, 
where  he  remained  for  more  than  a  year,  following 
the  occupation  of  a  shepherd;  was  permitted  to  re 
turn  to  Bordeaux,  but  longed  for  a  more  exciting 
scene  of  action,  and  accordingly  repaired  to  Paris; 
here,  in  conjunction  with  Barthelemy  and  Mery,  he 
ji  established  a  paper  advocating  Liberal  Republican 
sentiments;  this  soon  brought  him  under  the  eye  of 
the  authorities,  and  he  was  put  upon  trial;  his  advo 
cate  appealed  to  the  clemency  of  the  court  in  behalf 
of  the  prisoner  on  the  score  of  his  youth ;  this  line  of 
defense  did  not  suit  the  prisoner,  who  rose  from  his 
tseat  and  addressed  the  Court,  denying  the  criminality 
of  his  opinions  and  conduct;  his  eloquence  did  not 

30 


save  him  from  St.  Pelagic,  whence  he  succeeded  in 
making  his  escape  to  England;  disappointed  in  his 
expectations  of  obtaining  a  situation  in  Chili,  which 
had  been  promised  him,  and  finding  himself  alone  in 
a  strange  country,  wholly  ignorant  of  the  language, 
he  returned  to  France;  at  Havre  met  a  friend,  a  Cap 
tain  in  the  French  Navy,  who  advised  him  to  seek  an 
asylum  in  the  United  States,  and  offered  him  a  pas 
sage  in  his  ship  as  far  as  St.  Domingo;  accepted  the 
proposition,  and  arrived  at  Port-au-Prince  in  Septem 
ber,  1825;  from  this  place  took  passage  to  Baltimore; 
removed  to  New  Orleans  in  the  fall  of  1825;  having 
determined  to  make  the  law  his  profession,  first  ap 
plied  himself  assiduously  to  the  study  of  English; 
passed  his  examination  for  the  bar  in  that  language, 
and  was  admitted ;  in  1847  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Louisiana,  to  till  a  vacancy,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1849  for  the  term  of  six  years;  resigned  in 
1853;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Minister  to  Spain;  in  1862  was  arrested  in  New  Or 
leans  for  disloyalty  to  the  Government,  and,  after  an 
imprisonment  of  some  months  in  Fort  Lafayette,  was 
released  on  condition  that  he  would  not  return  to 
Louisiana  until  the  end  of  the  Rebellion.  Died  in 
New  Orleans,  March  26,  1870. 

Southard,  Henry ;  was  born  on  Long  Island, 
New  York,  in  October,  1749;  when  eight  years  of 
age  his  father  removed  to  Baskinridge,  in  the  Colony 
of  New  Jersey;  received  but  an  ordinary  education, 
and  as  a  day  laborer,  earned  the  money  to  buy  a 
form;  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  War; 
after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  served  nine 
years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1801  to  1811,  and 
from  1815  to  1821;  a  short  time  before  retiring  from 
Congress  met  his  son  in  a  Joint  Committee,  and  they 
voted  together  on  the  Missouri  Compromise.  Dird 
June  2,  1842.  He  was  a  man  of  superior  talents  and 
remarkable  memory. 

Southard,  Isaac  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1831  to  1833.  Died  Sep 
tember  18,  1850. 

Southard,  Milton  I.;  was  born  in  Licking  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  October  20,  1836;  graduated  at  Denison 
University,  Ohio,  in  18S1;  studied  law.  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1863;  was  elected  Attorney  for 
Muskingum  County  in  1867,  1869,  and  1871;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fourth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and  Min 
ing,  and  on  the  Treasury  Department;  in  December, 
1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Con 
gress. 

Southard,  Samuel  L.;  was  the  son  of  Henry 
Southard ;  was  born  in  Baskinridge.  New  Jersey, 
June  9,  1787;  graduated  at  Princeton  College,  New 
Jersey,  in  1804;  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Virginia, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1811  returned 
to  his  native  State;  rose  to  a  high  position  as  a  law 
yer;  was,  for  several  years,  Deputy-Attorney;  in  1814 
was  admitted  as  Counselor-at-law,  and  appointed,  by 
the  Legislature,  Law  Reporter;  in  1815  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature;  in  a  week  after  taking  his  seat, 
was  placed  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey;  in  1820  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1821  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  as 
President  pro  tern,  of  that  body;  remained  there  until 
1823,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy;  was  also  acting  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  and.  for  a  short  period,  acting  Secre 
tary  of  War;  in  1822  was  elected  a  Trustee  of  Nassau 


466 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Hall,  and  also  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Prince 
ton;  in  18.!0  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  New 
Jersey;  in  1832  was  Governor  of  the  State;  in  1833 
was  again  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and 
served  until  1842;  on  the  death  of  President  Harri 
son,  became  the  President  of  the  Senate;  he  is  re 
membered  in  New  Jersey  as  the  "favorite  son"  of 
that  .State.  Died  in  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  June 
26,  1842. 

Southgate,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Ken 
tucky;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1837  to  1839;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1840  and  1844. 

Sowden,  W.  H.;  was  a  resident  of  Allentown, 
Pennsylvania;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Spaight,  Richard.  D.;  commenced  his  academic 
studies  in  Ireland,  and  finished  his  education  at  the 
University  of  Glasgow;  joined  the  American  Army 
in  1778,  as  Aid-de-camp  to  General  Caswell,  and  was 
at  the  battle  of  Camden  in  1780;  in  1781  entered  the 
House  of  Commons  of  North  Carolina;  from  178:3  to 
1874  was  a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress,  and 
also  during  the  years  1785  and  1786;  was  one  of  the 
Delegates  to  form  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  to  which  his  name  is  appended;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1797;  in  1792  was  again  elected  to 
the  Local  Legislature;  was  the  same  year  elected 
Governor  of  North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1798  to  1801,  after  which  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate.  On  Sunday,  September  5,  1802, 
he  fought  a  duel  with  the  Honorable  John  Stanley, 
was  wounded  in  the  side,  and  died  in  about  twenty 
hours. 

Spaight,  Richard  D.,  Jr.;  was  born  at  New- 
berne,  North  Carolina,  in  1796;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  that  State  in  1815;  studied  law;  served 
four  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1823  to  1825;  subsequently 
served  ten  years  in  the  State  Senate;  was  Governor 
of  North  Carolina  in  1835  and  1836;  after  retiring 
from  that  office,  declined  all  public  positions,  and 
devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits.  Died  in 
1850. 

Spalding,  Rufus  Paine;  was  born  at  West 
Tisbury,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Massachusetts,  May  3, 
1797;  went,  with  his  father,  Rufus  Spalding,  to  Con 
necticut  when  a  boy ;  received  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  at  the  Plainfield  and  Colchester  Acade 
mies;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817;  studied 
law;  removing  to  Ohio,  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Trumbull  County  in  1821;  in  1839 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature;  was  re-elected  in 
1841,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1849  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  seven 
years,  and  held  the  position  for  three  years,  until  the 
new  State  Constitution  was  adopted,  when  he  re 
moved  to  Cleveland,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Naval  Affairs  and  Revolutionary  Pensions-  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and  the  Bankrupt 
Law;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  Library  and  Revision 
of  United  States  Laws;  subsequently  declined  all 
political  honors.  Died  August  29,  1886. 

Spalding,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1805  to  1806. 


Spangler,  David ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con-1 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1833  to  1837;  in  1844  was  nom 
inated  by  the  Whig  party  for  Governor  of  the  State, 
but  declined  the  nomination.  Died  in  Coshocton, 
Ohio,  October  18,  1856. 

Spangler,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  1768;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1813; 
resigned;  was  again  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1816  to  1818;  was  subsequently  Surveyor-Gen 
eral  of  the  State.  Died  at  York,  Pennsylvania,  June 
17,  1813. 

Sparks,  William  A.  J.;  was  born  near  Newt 
Albany,  Indiana,  November  19,  1828;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Illinois  in  1836;  attended  country 
schools,  labored  on  a  farm,  and  taught  school ;  gradu-; 
ated  at  McKendree  College,  Illinois;  studied  lawi 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850;  was  United- 
States  Land  Office  Receiver  from  1853  to  1856;  was{ 
Presidential  Elector  in  1855;  was  a  member  of  the/ 
State  Legislature  in  1857  and  1858;  was  a  State  Sena-, 
tor  in  1803  and  1864;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National 
Democratic  Convention  at  New  York  in  1868;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- ; 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  declined! 
are-nomination;  in  March,  18S5,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office,  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior. 

Spaulding,  Elbridge  GK;  was  born  at  Summer 
Hill,  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  February  24,  18i»9; 
was  educated  at  Auburn  Academy;  taught  school; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Genesee 
County,  New  York;  in  1834  removed  to  Buffalo,  New 
York;  in  1836  was  Attorney  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York,  and  also  Solicitor  in  Chancery;  in  1S39 
was  Counselor  of  the  same;  in  1836  was  appointed 
City  Clerk  of  Buffalo;  in  1841  was  Alderman,  and  in 
1847  was  elected  Mayor;  in  1848  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  the  State;  from  1849  to  1851  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  serving! 
on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations;  in  1853  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  State  of  New  York;  was  a 
member  of  the  Canal  Board  for  two  years;  was  Pres 
ident  of  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Gen-j 
esee,  at  Buffalo;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth; 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sev 
enth  Congress. 

Spaulding,  Oliver  L,.;  was  born  at  Jaffrey,  New 
Hampshire,   August   2,    1833;  graduated  at  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio,   in   1855;  removed  to  Michigan;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  and,  in  that  year,  was  , 
elected  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  Michigan;  en-i 
tered  the   Union  Army,    in  1862,   as  Captain,   and  • 
served  until  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and 
Brevet  Brigadier-General;  was  Secretary  of  State  of 
Michigan  from  1866  to  1870;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Committee  from  1871  to  1878;  was 
a  Special  Agent  of  the  United  States  Treasury  De 
partment  from  1875  to  1881;  was  elected  a    Repre 
sentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con-  i 
gress. 

Spear,  Ellis  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Maine;  was  Com-  I 
missioner  of  Patents,  in  the  Department  of  the  In 
terior,  from  January,  1877,  to  November,  1878;  set 
tled  in  Washington  City  in  the  practice  of  law. 

Speed,  James ;  was  born  in  Jefferson  County 
Kentucky,  March  11,  1812;  graduated  at  St.  Jos 
eph  s  College,  in  that  State;  was,  for  a  time,  em 
ployed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


467 


Couuty  Courts;  studied  law  at  Transylvania  Uni 
versity,  and,  on  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  settled  in 
the  practice  at  Louisville,  in  1853;  in  1847  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1861  -was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  in  November,  18G4,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States,  which  office  he  resigned  in  July, 
ls6fi,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866,  and  was  President  of  the  Convention. 

Speed,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky,  from  1817  to  1819. 

Speer,  Emory ;  was  born  at  Culloden,  Georgia, 
September  3,  1848:  received  a  classical  education, 
graduating  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1869;  en 
tered  the  Confederate  Army  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  served  throughout  the  war;  studied  law;  en 
tered  upon  its  practice  at  Athens,  Georgia,  in  1869; 
in  1873  was  appointed  Solicitor-General  for  the 
Western  Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State,  and  held  the 
office  three  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Forty -sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  in  February,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Arthur,  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Southern  District  of  Georgia. 

Speer,  Robert  Milton ;  was  born  in  Cassville, 
Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania,  September  8, 
1838:  was  well  educated;  studied  law.  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Huntingdon  in  1859;  was  As 
sistant  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1863;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore  in  1872; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Elections. 

Speight,  Jesse ;  was  born  in  Greene  County, 
North  Carolina,  September  22,  1795;  his  education 
was  limited,  but  his  natural  abilities  were  of  a  high 
order;  in  1822  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Com 
mons  of  North  Carolina;  in  1823  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate,  where  he  continued  until  1827, 
officiating  several  years  as  Speaker;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1829 
to  1837;  declined  a  re-election;  removed  to  Missis 
sippi;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  there,  and  made 
Speaker;  from  1845  to  1847  was  a  Senator  in  Con- 
g'ess  from  his  adopted  State.  Died  at  Columbus, 
Mississippi,  May  5,  1847. 

Spence,  Carroll;  was  a  citizen  of  Maryland:  in 
1853  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Turkey, 
and  in  1855  was  empowered  to  negotiate  a  treaty 
with  the  Government  of  Persia. 

Spence,  John  S.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  from 
1831  to  1833;  was  United  States  Senator  from  1837 
to  1840.  Died  October  29,  1840. 

Spence,  Thomas  A.;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1829;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1840;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland 
from  1843  to  1845. 

Spencer,  Ambrose ;  was  born  at  Salisbury, 
Connecticut,  December  13,  1765;  in  1779  entered 
Yale  College,  and  remained  three  years;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1783;  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  at  Hudson,  New  York:  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1793;  from  1795  to  1798  was 
a  State  Senator;  in  1796  was  Assistant  Attorney- 
General  of  the  counties  of  Columbia  and  Rensselaer, 
and  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Appointment;  in 


1802  was  Attorney-General  for  the  State;  in  1804  was 
chosen  Judge:  in  1809  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
in  1810  became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  oi 
the  State;  in  1823  retired  from  the  bench  and  was  en 
gaged  at  the  bar;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1829  to  1831 ;  was 
Mayor  of  Albany  one  term;  retired  to  the  village  of 
Lyons  in  1839,  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuitt; 
in  1^44  was  President  of  the  National  Whig  Conven 
tion  at  Baltimore.  Died  at  Lyons,  New  York,  March 
13,  1848. 

Spencer,  Elijah ;  was  born  in  Columbia  County, 
New  York:  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly  in  1819;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1821  to  1823. 

Spencer,  George  E.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  New  York.  November  1,  1835;  was  educated 
at  the  Montreal  College,  in  Canada;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  of  Iowa  in  1856;  was  Secretary  of 
the  Iowa  Senate  in  1858;  entered  the  army  as  a  Cap 
tain  in  1862;  recruited  the  First  Cavalry  Regiment 
of  Alabama  in  1863;  commanded  a  brigade  of  cavalry 
on  Sherman's  grand  march ;  was  brevetted  a  Briga 
dier-General  for  "gallantry  in  the  field";  resigned 
in  1865;  settled  in  Alabama;  in  1867  was  appointed 
a  Register  in  Bankruptcy  for  the  Fourth  District  of 
Alabama;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  that  State  for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Commerce,  Pensions,  Military 
Affairs,  and  the  District  of  Columbia ;  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  ending  in  1879 ;  in  1881  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  of  the  Pacific  Railway. 

Spencer,  James  B.;  served  as  a  Captain  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  in  several  engagements;  was  in 
the  Legislature  of  New  York  in  1831  and  1832;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1837  to  1839;  subsequently  held  the  various  positions 
of  Elector,  Magistrate,  County  Judge,  Collector,  and 
Indian  Agent.  Died  at  Fort  Covington,  New  York, 
in  March,  1848. 

Spencer,  John  O.;  was  born  at  Hudson,  New 
York,  January  8,  1787;  entered  Williams  College, 
but  soon  went  to  Union  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1806;  President  Nott  was  then  at  the  head  of  the 
college,  and  one  of  the  last  professional  acts  of  Mr. 
Spencer  was  to  defend,  in  court,  the  President's  ad 
ministration,  for  many  years,  of  the  affairs  of  the  col 
lege;  Mr.  Spencer  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809, 
and  opened  an  office  in  Canandaigua;  lived  in  Canan- 
daigua  until  1845,  when  he  removed  to  Albany, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death ;  was  Private  Secre 
tary  to  Governor  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  and,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  became  connected  with  public  af 
fairs,  and,  from  that  time  until  his  last  illness,  no 
prominent  public  event  occurred  in  which  he  did  not 
take  an  interest;  in  1811  was  made  Master  in  Chan 
cery;  in  1813  was  Brigade  Judge- Advocate,  in  active 
service  on  the  frontier;  in  1814  was  appointed  Post 
master  of  Canandaigua;  in  1815  was  Assistant  Attor 
ney-General  for  the  western  part  of  the  State;  in  1816 
was  elected  to  Congress,  where  he  remained  two 
years ;  while  there  was  one  of  the  Committee  who  ex- 
amined  into  the  affairs  of  the  United  States  Bank, 
and  their  report  was  drawn  by  his  hand;  in  1820  was 
first  elected  to  the  Assembly,  and  was  chosen  Speaker: 
the  next  year  was  returned,  but  his  party  was  in  the 
minority;  in  1824  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
and  served  four  years;  joined  the  anti-Masonic  party, 
and  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Van  Buren,  Special 
Attorney-General,  under  the  law  passed  for  that 
purpose,  to  prosecute,  those  connected  with  the  al 
leged  abduction  of  Morgan;  in  1832  was  again  elected 


468 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


to  the  Assembly;  in  1839  was  appointed  Secretary  o 
State  and  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  and 
did  much  to  reduce  them  to  a  system;  served  for  two 
years;  was  appointed  Regent  of  the  University  in 
1840;  in  October.  1841,  was  made  Secretary  of  War, 
by  President  Tyler,  and  in  March,  1843,  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  Treasury  Department;  resigned  in  1844, 
'  because  of  his  opposition  to  the  annexation  of  Texas; 
was  a  successful  lawyer,  but  achieved  his  highest 
fame  from  his  connection  with  the  Revision  of  the 
Statutes  of  New  York;  not  content  with  merely  pre 
paring  the  Statutes,  he  followed  them  up  with  a  se 
ries  of  essays,  explaining  their  purposes;  so  great  was 
the  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  the  people,  that  he 
was  selected  to  revise  the  whole  body  of  the  Law  of 
the  State,  but  his  advancing  age  compelled  him  to  de 
cline  the  task;  was  industrious,  and  a  man  of  in 
tellect  and  intense  energy.  Died  at  Albany,  May  18, 
1835. 

Spencer,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  East  Haddam, 
Connecticut,  in  1714;  was  Judge  of  Probate  in  1753; 
joined  the  Northern  Army  in  1758,  as  Major  under 
Colonel  Whiting;  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  two 
succeeding  campaigns;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Council  in  1766;  was  appointed  Brigadier-General  in 
the  Continental  Army  in  1775;  became  Major-Gen- 
eral  in  1776;  was  in  the  expedition  against  Rhode 
Island  in  1778,  and  assisted  in  Sullivan's  retreat;  re 
signed  June  14,  1778,  in  consequence  of  an  order 
given  by  Congress  to  inquire  into  the  reasons  of  the 
failure  on  his  part  to  carry  out  the  plan  of  the  expe 
dition  against  the  British  in  Rhode  Island,  the  pre 
ceding  year;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  in  1778  and  1779;  in  1780  was  again  elected  to 
the  Council,  and  was  annually  re-elected  until  his 
death;  was  highly  esteemed  by  General  Washington. 
Died  at  East  Haddam,  Connecticut,  January  13, 
1789. 

Spencer,  Richard;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland  from  1829  to  1831. 

Spencer,  William  B.;  successfully  contested 
the  seat  of  Frank  Morey  as  a  Representative  from 
Louisiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  resigned 
January  8,  1877. 

Spink,  S.  L.;  was  born  at  Whitehall,  New  York. 
March  20,  1831;  was  educated  at  the  Castleton  Acad 
emy,  in  Vermont;  taught  school,  for  several  years, 
in  New  England,  New  York,  and  Maryland;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  Iowa  in  1856;  in  186U 
removed  to  Illinois,  and  conducted  the  Prairie  Bea 
con,  at  Paris,  as  proprietor;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1864:  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Da 
kota  Territory,  by  President  Lincoln,  the  day  pre 
ceding  his  assassination,  and  continued  in  office  un 
til  186'J,  when  he  was  elected  the  Delegate  from  Da 
kota  to  the  Forty -first  Congress. 

Spinner,  Francis  E.;  was  born  in  the  town  of 
German  Flats,  Herkiiner  County,  New  York,  (where 
the  village  of  Mohawk  now  stands),  January  21 
1802;  received  most  of  his  instruction  from  his  father' 
who  was  a  highly  educated  German  clergyman;  for 
twenty  years  was  the  executive  officer  of  the  Mohawk 
Valley  Bank;  held  all  the  Commissions,  from  the 
Governors  of  New  York,  from  a  Lieutenant  to  a 
Major-General  of  the  State  Artillery;  was  County 
Sheriff,  and  Commissioner  for  building  the  State 
Lunatic  Asylum;  from  1845  to  1849  was  Auditor  in 
the  Naval  Office  at  New  York;  in  1854  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts' 


was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts;  in  1861 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  United  States 
Treasurer,  and  continued  in  the  position  until  1875, 
when  he  resigned. 

Sprague,  Peleg ;  was  born  December  10,  1756; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1783;  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1797  to  1799.  Died  in 
1800. 

Spoffbrd,  Ainsworth  Band ;  was  born  at  Gil- 
manton,  New  Hampshire,  September  12,  1825;  re 
ceived  a  classical'  education  by  private  tuition,  his 
father  being  a  clergyman;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  went 
into  the  business  of  bookselling  and  publishing  in 
Cincinnati:  in  1859  became  associate  editor  of  the 
Daily  Commercial,  of  that  city;  in  1861  was  appointed 
First  Assistant  Librarian  in  the  Library  of  Congress 
at  Washington;  in  1865  became  Librarian-in-Chief ; 
under  his  administration  of  that  trust,  the  National 
Library  has  grown  from  ninety  thousand  to  more 
than  five  hundred  thousand  volumes,  and  the  amend 
ment  of  the  law  of  Copyright  has  been  effected, 
through  which  the  whole  business  of  recording  and 
authenticating  copyright  is  transferred  to  Washing 
ton,  instead  of  being  scattered  through  the  District 
Courts  of  the  States;  as  a  result,  the  Government  se 
cures  a  complete  deposit  of  all  copyright  publica 
tions,  and  the  citizen  can  rely  on  finding  (with  few 
and  unimportant  exceptions)  every  book  published 
in  the  United  States. 

Spooner,  Henry  J.;  was  born  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island.  August  6,  1839;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1860;  studied  law;  served  in  the  Union 
Army  as  a  commissioned  officer  from  1862  to  1865; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  latter  year,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  city;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  from 
1875  to  1881,  serving  as  Speaker  the  last  two  years; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Rhode  Island  to 
the  Forty-seventh  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Nelson  W.  Aldrich ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  again 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Spooner,  John  C.;  was  born  at  Lawrenceburg, 
Dearborn  County,  Indiana,  January  6,  1843;  removed, 
with  his  father's  family,  to  Wisconsin  in  1859.  and 
settled  at  Madison;  graduated  from  the  State  Uni 
versity  of  Wisconsin  in  1864;  was  private  in  Com 
pany  D,  Fortieth  Regiment,  and  Captain  of  Com 
pany  A,  Fiftieth  Regiment,  Wisconsin  Infantry  Vol 
unteers  during  the  Civil  War;  was  brevetted  'Major 
at  the  close  of  service;  was  Military  and  Private 
Secretary  to  Governor  Lucius  Fairchild,  of  Wiscon 
sin;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  served  as  As 
sistant  Attorney-General  of  the  State  from  1867  to 
1870;  then  removed  to  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  continued  to  reside  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Wisconsin  Legislature;  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Regents  of  the  Wisconsin  University;  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  from  Wisconsin  for  the  term  of 
six  years  from  March  4,  1885. 

Sprag-ue,  Peleg ;  was  born  in  Duxbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1792;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univers- 
ty  with  honor  in  1812;  having  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law,  settled  in  the  practice,  first  at  Au 
gusta,  Maine,  and  then  at  Ilallowell;  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1821  and  1822-  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1825  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


1829;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  18 -29  to  183 
on  completing  his  Senatorial  term  settled  in  Boston 
Massachusetts;  in  1841  was  appointed  Judge  of  th 
District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  Massachusetfc 
resigned  in  1865;  in  1841  was  also  a  Presidentia 
Elector;  in  1847  received,  from  Harvard  University 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Sprague,  William;  was  born  at  Cranston 
Rhode  Island,  in  1800;  when  quite  young  was  electe 
to  the  General  Assembly,  and  in  183:2  was  chosei 
Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1835  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island;  declined  i 
re-election;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1838 
and  183!);  in  1812  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  serving  two  years;  in  1849  was  a  Presidentia 
Elector;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  at  th( 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Providence 
October  19,  1856. 

Sprague,  William  ;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island 
removing  to  Michigan,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1849  to  1851.  Died  soon 
afterwards. 

Sprague,  William ;  was  born  at  Cranston. 
Rhode  Island,  September  11,  1830,  his  ancestors 
having  been,  for  several  generations,  honorably  asso 
ciated  with  the  manufacturing  business  of  New  En 
gland;  was  educated  chiefly  at  the  Irving  Institute, 
Tanytown,  New  York,  and  subsequently  spent  sev 
eral  years  in  the  counting  room  of  an  uncle,  on  the 
death  of  whom  one  of  the  largest  manufacturing 
interests  in  the  country  came  into  his  possession : 
having  a  taste  for  military  affairs,  he  joined  an  artil 
lery  company  in  Providence  in  his  eighteenth  year, 
and  became  a  Colonel;  in  1859  visited  Europe,  and 
was  friendly  to  the  cause  and  person  of  Garibaldi;  in 
1861  was  elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  took  a  great  inter 
est  in  the  National  cause;  was  with  the  troops  of 
Rhode  Island  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run;  in  1862 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode 
Island  for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and  Mili 
tary  Affairs;  was  also  President  of  several  banks, 
and  director  in  various  insurance  companies;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866,  andalso  to  the  "  Soldiers'  Convention  '' 
at  Pittsburgh;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  in  1868. 
for  the  term  ending  in  1875,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  his  uncle,  bearing 
the  same  name,  was  also  a  Senator  in  Congress. 

Sprague,  William  P.;  was  born  in  Morgan 
County,  Ohio,  May  21,  1827;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  President 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  McConnellsville;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Ohio  in  1860  and 
1862;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  Pub 
lic  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

Sprigg,  James  O.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky, 
from  1841  to  1843. 

Sprigg,  Michael  O.J  was  frequently  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  Legislature;  was.  at  one  time,  Pres 
ident  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal;  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector  in  1820;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1827  to  1831.  Died  at  Cumberland, 
Maryland,  in  December,  1845. 

Sprigg,  Pdchard. ;  Avas  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland,  from  1796  to  1799,  and  from 
j.801  to  1802. 


Sprigg,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  v,-;ia 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1819,  remaining  in 
office  until  1822. 

Sprigg,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland,  from  1793  to  1796. 

Sprigg,  William ;  was  a  native  of  Maryland, 
and  well  educated;  in  1805  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory 
of  Michigan;  in  1806  was  transferred  to  the  same 
position  in  Orleans;  in  1812  was  transferred  to  Lou 
isiana;  in  1813  to  the  Territory  of  Illinois;  on  the 
admission  of  Missouri  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  re 
ceived  the  appointment  of  District  Judge  for  that 
State,  but  held  it  only  for  a  short  time. 

Spriggs,  J.  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Pelutno, 
Northamptonshire,  England,  April  5,  1826;  emi 
grated,  with  his  parents,  to  the  United  States  in  1834, 
and  settled  at  Utica,  New  York;  graduated  from 
Union  College,  New  York,  in  1848;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  the  same  year,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  elected  District  Attorney  in  1853; 
County  Treasurer  in  1856;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Conventions  of  1864,  1872,  and 
1880;  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Utica  in  1868, 
and  again  in  1880;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Springer,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Sullivan 
County,  Indiana,  May  30,  1836;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  in  1848;  graduated 
at  Indiana  University,  Bloomington,  in  18,18;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1859;  in  1862 
settled  in  Springfield,  Illinois,  where  he  practiced 
his  profession ;  that  year  was  Secretary  of  the  Illinois 
Constitutional  Convention;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  in  1871  and  1872;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
in  December.  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department; 
.vas  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty- 
seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Spruance,  Presley  ;  was  born  in  Delaware  in 
1785;  was  devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits;  served  in 
the  State  Senate  and  was  President  of  that  body;  was 
i  Senator  in  Congress  from  Delaware  from  1847  to 
1853.  Died  in  Smyrna,  Delaware,  February  13. 
1863. 

Squier,  Bphraim  George ;  was  born  at  Beth- 
ehem,  New  York,  June  17,  1821 ;  graduated  at 
^rinceton  College  in  1848;  in  his  youth  worked  on  a 
arm  in  summer  and  taught  school  in  winter;  next 
mblished  a  village  newspaper,  and  studied  civil  en 
gineering;  in  1841  and  1842  was  associated  with  the 
Neio  York  State  Mechanic,  at  Albany;  published  a 
volume  on  the  Chinese  in  1843;  edited  the  Hartford 
Daily  Journal  from  1843  to  1845;  from  1845  to  1848 
edited  the  Scioto  Gazette,  at  Chillicothe;  was  Clerk  of 
he  Legislature  in  1847  and  1848;  investigated  the 
tboriginal  monuments  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  the 
esults  of  which  were  published  in  the  first  volume 
>f  Smithsonian  ' '  Contributions  to  Knowledge, ' '  and 
n  the  Transactions  of  the  Ethnological  Society;  in 
849  "Aboriginal  Monuments  of  the  State  of  New 
Tork,  from  Original  Surveys  and  Explorations";  in 
848  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Central  America;  as 
secretary  of  the  Honduras  Inter-Oceanic  Railway 
Company,  went  again  to  Central  America  in  1853; 
is  observations  are  found  in  his  "Nicaragua,  its 
Jeople,  Scenery,  and  Monuments,"  in  1852;  "Notes 
n  Central  America,"  1854;  "  Waikna,"  1855;  "Ques- 
ion  Anglo- Americaine,"  Paris,  1856;  the  "States 


470 


B1OGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


of  Central  America,"  in  1857;  "  Monographs  of  Au 
thors  who  have  written  on  the  Aboriginal  Languages 
of  Central  America,  "in  1861;  "Tropical  Fibers  and 
their  Economic  Extraction,"  with  other  publications 
on  that  region;  received  the  medal  from  the  Geograph 
ical  Society  of  France,  and  was  a  member  of  various 
scientific  and  literary  societies,  and  the  editor  < 
Frank  Leslie's  publications;  was  United  States  Com 
missioner  to  Peru  in  1863  and  1864;  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Anthropological  Institute  ol  j 
York,  in  1871. 

Squire,  Watson  O.;  was  born  at  Cape  Vincent, 
New  York;  commenced  his  classical  course  of  study 
at  Fulton,  New  York,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  suppcrt- 
ing  himself  by  manual  labor  and  by  teaching  district 
schools;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  joined  the  Sophomore 
class  at  the  Middletown  College,  Connecticut;  gradu 
ated  in  the  classical  course  in  1859;  commenced  the 
study  of  law  at  Herkimer,  New  York,  but  pressing 
financial  obligations  compelled  him  to  abandon  it, 
and  he  soon  became  Principal  of  the  Moravia  Insti 
tute,  in  Cayuga  County,  New  York;  in  May,  1861, 
enlisted  in  the  Nineteenth  New  York  Volunteer  In 
fantry,  and  was  elected  First  Lieutenant;  although 
enlisted  for  three  months,  served  until  October,  1861, 
then  removed  to  Clyde,  Ohio;  studied  law  at  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  and,  in  1862,  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  State  Supreme  Court;  in  October,  1862,  again 
entered  the  army,  becoming  Captain  of  the  Independ 
ent  Ohio  Sharpshooters;  subsequently  commanded 
the  First  Battalion  Ohio  Sharpshooters  in  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland;  during  the  winter  of  1863-64  was 
Judge  Advocate  at  Nashville,  Tennessee;  in  the 
spring  of  1864  resumed  command  of  his  battalion; 
served  with  General  Sherman  during  the  "  March  to 
the  Sea,"  and  was  three  times  promoted  for  gallant 
conduct;  was  mustered  out  of  service  in  August, 
1865,  and  became  the  New  York  representative  of  the 
Remington  Arms  Company;  in  this  capacity  visited 
many  foreign  countries;  in  1879  removed  to  Seattle, 
Washington  Territory;  engaged  in  farming  and  build 
ing;  in  1884  was  appointed,  by  President  Arthur, 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Washington  for  the  term 
of  four  years;  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Wesleyan  University, 
at  which  he  graduated,  having  been  elected,  by  the 
alumni,  for  three  terms  of  five  years  each. 

Stahlnecker,  "William  G-.;  was  born  at  Auburn, 
Cayuga  County,  New  York,  June  20,  1849;  received 
an  academic  education;  settled  at  Yonkers,  New 
York;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Produce  Exchange;  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Yonkers  in  March,  1884,  for  a  term 
of  two  years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  State 
Convention  in  June,  1884,  and  also  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  July,  1884;  in  No 
vember,  18S4,  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Stallo,  John  Bernard ;  was  born  at  Sierhausen, 
in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Germany,  March, 
16,  1823;  his  father  was  a  school  teacher,  and  from 
him,  and  a  studious  uncle,  young  Stallo  acquired  a 
fondness  for  physical  and  mathematical  pursuits;  at 
the  age  of  eight  years  began  ihe  study  of  Latin,  in 
addition  to  the  ordinary  branches;  also  acquired  some 
knowledge  of  the  French  language;  soon  afterwards 
took  up  the  study  of  the  Greek  language;  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  was  sent  to  an  academy  at  Vechta,  where 
he  remained  two  years;  in  1839  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  locating  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  was,  for 
a  few  months,  employed  as  a  teacher  in  a  private 
school ;  at  the  age  of  seventeen  became  a  teacher  in 


St.  Xavier's  College,  at  Cincinnati;  at  first  taught 
German,  but,  in  a  short  time,  became  a  teacher  of 
ancient  languages  and  of  mathematics;  remained  in 
this  occupation  three  years,  devoting  his  leisure 
hours  to  the  study  of  mathematics  and  physics,  and 
at  the  same  time  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  French 
language  by  association  with  the  other  teachers, 
many  of  whom  were  Frenchmen;  from  1843  to  1847 
was  'Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Physics  in  St. 
John's  College,  New  York;  incidentally  learned  the 
Spanish  language,  through  many  of  the  pupils  of  this 
institution  being  Cubans  and  South  Americans;  be 
gan  the  study  of  law  in  New  York,  during  the  last 
year  of  his  professorship;  in  1847  resigned,  and,  re 
turning  to  Cincinnati,  entered  the  Law  School  there 
as  a  student;  graduated  in  1849;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Cincinnati, 
in  1853  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor  of  Ohio,  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  Dis 
trict  Court,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  was  elected  to  the  position;  in  1855  resigned, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Cincin 
nati;  had  previously  acted  with  the  Democratic 
party,  but  objected  to  the  slavery  plank  of  the  party 
platform,  in  1856,  and  joined  the  Eepublican  party; 
was  a  Republican  nominee  for  Presidential  Elector 
in  that  year,  but  was  defeated;  in  1872  was  Chair 
man  of  the  "Reunion  and  Reform"  Convention;  in 
1876  returned  to  the  Democratic  fold;  in  June,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Envoy  Ex 
traordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  Italy;  was  a  frequent  contributor  to 
scientific  and  literary  periodicals,  and  was  the  author 
of  "General  Principles  of  the  Philosophy  of  Na 
ture,"  and  ''The  Concepts  and  Theories  of  Modern 
Physics." 

Stallworth,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Conecuh 
County,  Alabama,  April  7,  1822;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law;  served  in  the  Legislature 
during  the  years  1845,  1846,  1847,  and  1848;  was 
twice  elected  Solicitor  for  his  District;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  but  withdrew  in  February,  1861,  to  take  part 
in  the  Rebellion. 

Stanard,  Edwin  O.;  was  born  in  Newport, 
New  Hampshire,  January  5,  1832;  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Iowa  with  his  parents;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri; 
taught  school  three  winters  in  Illinois,  and  attended 
school  in  St.  Louis  during  the  summer;  in  1855  ob 
tained  a  clerkship;  in  1856  opened  a  commission 
house,  and  soon  had  branch  houses  in  Chicago  and 
New  Orleans;  in  1865  went  also  into  the  milling  busi 
ness;  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Missouri,  in 
1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Commerce. 

Stanbery,  Henry ;  was  born  in  the  City  of  New 
York,  February  20,  1803;  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  1814; 
graduated  at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  in 
September,  1819;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  baro/ 
Ohio  in  May,  1824,  and  to  the  bar  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  in  December,  1832;  was  elect 
ed  by  the  Assembly  of  Ohio  the  first  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  that  State  in  1846;  in  July,  1866,  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Johnson,  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States;  on  March  12,  1868,  resigned  the  posi 
tion  of  Attorney-General  for  the  purpose  of  defend 
ing  President  Andrew  Johnson  during  his  impeach 
ment  trial. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


471 


Stanberry,  William  ;  was  born  in  Essex  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey;  resided  in  Licking  County;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1827  to 
1833;  he  is  remembered  as  the  member  upon  whom 
a  personal  assault  was  made  by  Sam  Houston,  in 
1832,  for  words  uttered  in  debate. 

Standeford,  Elisha  D.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Kentucky,  December  28,  1831;  received  a 
good  education;  studied  medicine,  and  graduated  in 
1853;  was  a  banker,  manufacturer,  and  farmer;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1868  and  1871 ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Standifer,  James;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1823  to  1825,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1837.  Died  near  Kingston,  Ten 
nessee,  August  24,  1836. 

Stanford,  Leland  ;  was  born  in  Albany  County, 
New  York,  March  9,  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law  at  Albany,  New  York;  in 
1849  was  licensed  to  practice  law  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  of  New  York;  removed  to  Port 
Washington,  in  the  Northern  part  of  the  State  of 
Wisconsin,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  for  four  years;  a  fire  in  the  Spring  of 
1852  destroying  his  law  library  and  other  property, 
he  went  to  California,  where  he  became  associated  in 
business  with  his  brothers,  three  of  whom  had  pre 
ceded  him  to  the  Pacific  Coast;  was,  at  first,  in  busi 
ness  at  Michigan  Bluffs;  in  1856  removed  to  San 
Francisco  to  on  gage  in  mercantile  pursuits  on  a  large 
scale;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  in  1860;  in  1861  was  elected  Governor  of 
California,  and  served  from  December,  1861,  to  De 
cember,  1863;  as  President  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  superintended  its  construction 
over  the  mountains,  building  530  miles  of  it  in  293 
days;  became  interested  in  other  railroads  on  the 
Pacific  Slope,  in  agriculture,  and  in  manufactures; 
in  1885  was  elected  United  States  Senator  from 
California  for  the  term  of  six  vears  from  March  4, 
1886. 

Stanford,  Richard;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina  from  1797  to  1816. 
Died  April  9,  1816,  in  Georgetown,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  aged  forty-seven  years. 

Stanley,  Edward;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
received  a  portion  of  his  education  at  the  Military 
Academy  at  Middletown,  Connecticut;  studied  law; 
served  three  years  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  North 
Carolina,  and  was  Speaker  of  that  body;  was  a 
Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Twenty- 
fifth,  Twenty-sixth,  Twenty-seventh,  Thirtieth,  Thir 
ty-first  and  Thirty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  as  a  leader  of  his 
party  in  debate ;  removed  to  California,  where  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law;  was  recalled 
from  there  by  President  Lincoln,  in  1862,  to  assume 
the  duties  of  Military  Governor  of  North  Carolina; 
acted  in  this  capacity  for  some  months,  when  he  re 
signed  and  returned  to  California.  Died  at  San 
Francisco,  July  26,  1872. 

Stanley,  John;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
"was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1801  to  1803,  and  again  from 
1809  to  1811;  was  an  able  and  eloquent  debater, 
greatly  respected  for  his  talents  and  private  char 
acter;  while  delivering  a  speech  in  the  Legislature  in 


1826,  was  seized  with  an  attack  of  hemiplegy,  from 
the  effects  of  which  he  suffered  until  his  death, 
August  3,  1834,  at  Newberne,  North  Carolina. 

Stanton,  Benjamin ;  was  born  at  Mount  Pleas 
ant,  Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  June  4,  1809;  lived  on  a 
farm  until  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  then  worked  at 
the  trade  of  a  tailor  until  he  was  twenty-one ;  stud 
ied  law,  and  settled  in  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  in  April, 
1834,  where  he  practiced  his  profession;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1841 ;  resigned  in  1842,  but  was 
re-elected  the  same  year;  in  1850  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Ohio  "Constitutional  Convention";  in  October 
of  that  year,  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Represent 
atives  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses;  was 
one  of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs; 
was  also  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs;  in  1862  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio. 

Stanton,  Ed-win  M.;  was  born  at  Steubenville, 
Ohio,  December  19,  1814;  graduated  at  Kenyon  Col 
lege;  studied  law,  and  commenced  its  practice  at 
Cadez,  Ohio;  subsequently  settled  in  his  native  town ; 
in  1842  was  elected,  by  the  Legislature,  Reporter  of 
the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years;  in  1848  formed 
a  law  partnership  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  but 
continued  his  business  before  the  courts  of  Ohio;  soon 
afterwards  began  to  be  much  em  ployed  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which  compelled  him  to 
remove  to  Washington  in  1857;  in  1858  was  sent, 
by  the  Government,  to  California  to  defend  its  inter 
ests  in  certain  important  land  cases  in  that  State;  in 
December,  1860,  went  into  President  Buchanan's 
Cabinet  as  Attorney-General,  holding  that  office  until 
the  close  of  the  Administration,  when  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  January,  1862,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Secretary  of  War, 
and  was  continued  in  that  position  by  President 
Johnson  until  August  12,  1867,  when  he  was  sus 
pended  by  the  President,  but,  by  order  of  the  Senate, 
was  re-instated  in  office,  January  14,  1868:  on  the  21st 
of  February  following,  President  Johnson  made  a 
second  effort  to  remove  him,  but,  by  the  direction  of 
the  Senate,  he  continued  in  office;  in  1867  received 
from  Yale  College  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  resigned  the 
War  portfolio  in  May,  1868;  in  1869  was  appointed  a 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Died  December  24  of  the  same  year. 

Stanton,  Frederick  P.;  was  born  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  as  a  boy,  worked  with  his  father 
at  the  business  of  bricklaying;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1845  to 
1855;  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Kansas  in  1858;  subsequently  settled  in  Washington 
City  as  a  lawyer;  his  brother,  Richard  H.  Stanton, 
was  also  a  member  of  Congress. 

Stanton,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island; 
was,  for  many  years,  a  leading  politician;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1790  to 
1793,  and  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  18U1  to 
1807. 

Stanton,  Richard  H. ;  was  born  at  Alexandria, 
Virginia.  September  9,  1812;  was  educated  at  the 
Hallowell  Academy  in  that  place;  under  instructions 
from  his  father,  acquired  the  trade  of  a  bricklayer; 
in  1835  removed  to  Maysville,  Kentucky,  where  he 
studied  law;  came  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  his  pro 
fession;  in  1845  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Mays 
ville;  in  1849  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  where  he  served  through  three  terms,  until 


472 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


1855,  acting  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Buildings,  and  takint*  a  leading  part  in  securing 
the  appropriations  for  the  extension  of  the  Capitol 
was  also  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Elections, 
and  of  several  Special  Committees;  when  passing 
down  Pennsylvania  Avenue  with  his  colleagues,  hac 
a  hahit  of  pointing  out  the  various  houses,  the  brick? 
,of  which  had  been  laid  by  his  own  hands;  in  1856 
was  a  Presidential  Elector,  and  a  Delegate  to  the 
"  National  Union  Convention  ";  in  1858  was  elected 
State's  Attorney  for  his  District;  in  1868  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  New  York  National  Convention;  was 
elected  a  District  Judge,  which  position  he  held  for 
six  years;  subsequently,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
State,  edited  the  "Revised  Statutes  of  Kentucky," 
and  a '' Code  of  Practice, "  and  wrote  several  other 
law  books  which  were  popular. 

Stanton,  William  H.;  was  elected  a,  Represent 
ative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of 
Winthrop  W.  Ketcham,  taking  his  seat  December  4. 
1876. 

Starin,  John  H.;  was  born  at  Sammonsville, 
New  York,  August  27,  1825;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  medicine;  engaged  in  the  drug 
and  medicine  business  at  Fultonville,  New  York; 
was  Postmaster  at  that  place  from  1848  to  1852;  in 
1856  became  largely  interested  in  the  business  of 
transportation;  became  a  Director  in  two  banks,  and 
also  gave  some  attention  to  farming  and  stock- 
raising;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

Stark,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans,  June  2(i,  1820;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion  in  New  London,  Connecticut,  and  a  commercial 
education  in  the  City  of  New  York;  in  1845  settled 
in  Oregon,  and  established  commercial  relations  with 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  with  California,  then  a 
Mexican  Province;  in  that  year  erected,  on  the 
ground  where  Portland,  Oregon.  n:nv  stands,  the 
first  building  constructed  in  that  place,  which  was  a 
log  trading-house;  in  1850  abandoned  commercial 
pursuits;  studied  law.  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1351; 
in  1852  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature 
of  Oregon ;  in  18iJO  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  of  that  State;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Oregon  during  parts  of  the  years  18(il  and  18:12,  in 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress;"  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Chicago  Convention"  of  1884  and  the  New  York 
Convention  of  1868. 

Starkweather,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Con 
necticut;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  18:5!)  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1848;  was  Minister  to  Chili  from 
1854  to  1857. 

Starkweather,  George  A.;  was  born  in  Con 
necticut;  was  a  Representatives  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1847  to  184y,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

Starkweather,  Henry  H.;  was  born  in  Preston 
New  London  County,  Connecticut,  April  29  1826- 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Con 
vent -.on"  of  1860;  in  1861  was  appointed  Postmaster 
•t  Norwich,  which  office  he  held  until  1865,  when  he 
was  re-appointed,  but  resigned  on  the  accession  of 
Andrew  Johnson  to  the  Presidency;  was  subsequent 
ly  made  Cluurman  of  the  Republican  State  Commit 
tee,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Republican  National 


Executive  Committee:  in  18(37  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Treasury  Department;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty-second,  Forty-third, 
and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia  during 
the  important  improvements  made  in  Washington^ 
Died  in  Washington,  after  a  brief  illness,  Januarv 
28,  1876. 

Starr,  John  F.;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1818;  removed  to  New  Jersey  in  1844; 
engaged  in  business  pursuits;  in  18;>3  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures 
and  that  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Territories,  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds,  and  the'  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866. 

St.  Glair,  Arthur;  was  born  at  Thurso.  Caith 
ness  County,  Scotland,  in  1734:  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Edinburgh;  studied  medicine  with 
John  Hunter;  inherited  a  fortune;  came  to  America 
in  1758;  was  with  Amherst  at  the  capture  of  Louis- 
burg;  distinguished  himself  as  a  Lieutenant  under 
Wolfe,  at  Quebec;  resigned  from  the  army  in  1762. 
and  in  1764  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  where  he  erected 
mills;  in  1770  was  made  a  District  Surveyor  and 
Justice  of  Common  Pleas;  in  1771  was  appointed  to 
a  number  of  local  positions  in  Westmoreland  County: 
in  1775  became  a  Colonel  of  Militia,  and  went  to 
Fort  Pitt  to  treat  with  the  Indians;  in  1776  was  or 
dered  to  Canada;  acquitted  himself  with  great  abil 
ity,  rose  to  the  rank  of  Major-General.  and  then  re 
signed  all  his  civil  offices;  at  once  joined  General 
Washington;  took  a  leading  part  in  the  battles  of 
Princeton,  Ticonderoga,  and  Brandy  wine;  assisted 
Sullivan  against  the  Six  Nations;  was  a  Commissioner 
to  arrange  a  cartel  with  the  British  in  1780;  was  a 
member  of  the  court  martial  which  condemned  Major 
Andre;  after  performing  many  other  duties,  partici 
pated  in  the  capture  of  Corn wallis,  at  Yorktown;  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Council  of  Cen 
sors;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  in  1785;  was  chosen 
President  of  the  same  in  1787;  was  made  a  member 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  in  1786;  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  North-west  Territory  in 
1788;  made  an  Indian  treaty  in  1789;  located  the 
city  of  Cincinnati,  and  gave  it  its  name;  was  ap 
pointed  General-in-Chief  of  the  army  in  1791 ;  re 
signed  in  1792;  was  twice  court-martialed,  but,  both 
tunes  honorably  acquitted:  passed  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  in  a  log  cabin;  in  1813  was  voted  an  annuity 
by  Pennsylvania;  received  a  pension  of  sixty  dollars 
per  month  from  Congress.  Died  at  Greensbura 
Pennsylvania,  August  31,  1818.  He  published  a 
narrative  of  his  campaign  of  1791,  and  a  memoir  ol 
his  life  was  published  by  A.  T.  Goodman. 

Stearns,  Ashael;  was  born  at  Lunenburg  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1774;  graduated  at  Cambridge  Uni 
versity  m  1797;  was  educated  as  a  lawyer;  prac- 

ed,  with  success,  for  many  years,  at  Chelmsford; 
was  several  years  County  Attorney  for  Middlesex 
mnty;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1815  to  1817;  was  appointed  Profes- 
•r  of  Law  at  Cambridge  in  1817,  and  continued  in 
the  office  until  1829,  when  he  resigned;  in  1824  pub 
lished  a  volumeon  "Real  Actions  "—a  learned  work; 
was  afterwards  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners 
for  revising  the  statutes  of  the  Commonwealth;  after 
this  work  was  completed  his  health  declined,  and  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


473 


continued   very   feeble  until  his  decease.     Died  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  February  5,  1839. 

Stearns,  M.  L.;  was  Governor  of  Florida  from 
1874  to  1877. 

Stearns,  Onslow  ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
became  very  prominent  in  the  politics  of  his  native 
State;  in  1869  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  re-elected  in  1870.  Died  at  his  home,  in 
New  Hampshire,  December  28,  1878. 

Stebbins,  Henry  G.;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1812;  received  a  good  education;  was 
educated  to  the  business  of  banking;  was  at  one  time 
Colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of  New  York  Mili 
tia;  was  one  of  the  Park  Commissioners  of  New  York 
City,  and  was,  for  a  long  time,  President  of  the  Board 
of  Commissioners;  was  one  of  the  originators,  and 
President,  of  the  Dramatic  Fund  Association,  and  an 
active  manager  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Music; 
in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Ways  and  Means;  in  October,  1864,  re 
signed  his  seat  in  Congress,  because  he  had  declared 
himself  in  favor  of  the  War,  and  therefore  supposed 
that  he  did  not  represent  the  peace  principles  of  hia 
constituents. 

Stedman,  "William;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts,  in  1765;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1784;  came  to  the  bar  in  1787;  was  a  lawyer  of  ex 
tensive  practice;  was,  for  several  years.  Clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  at  Worcester,  Massachusetts; 
iu  1802  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1803  to  1810.  Died  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  in  1831. 

Steele,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Indiana,  December  13,  1839;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  18(>1 :  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  in  1861, 
and  served  throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1866  was  commissioned  a 
First-Lieutenant  in  the  Fourteenth  United  States 
Infantry:  resigned  in  1876;  returned  to  Indiana,  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  the  business  of  packing  pork; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty -ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Steele,  John ;  was  born  at  Salisbury,  North 
Carolina,  November  1,  1764;  was  reared  a  merchant, 
but  turned  his  attention  to  agricultural  pursuits; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  Stat:-  Legislature, 
part  of  the  time  as  Speaker;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  to  consider  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  North  Carolina  from  1790  to  1793,  and  was  one 
of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Govern 
ment  on  the  Potomac;  in  1806  was  a  Commissioner 
to  adiust  the  boundaries  between  the  States  of  North 
and  South  Carolina;  was  a  General  of  the  Militia; 
held  the  office  of  First  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 
under  Presidents  Washington  and  Adams;  on  Aug 
ust  14,  1814  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
but  on  that  day  he  died. 

Steele,  John  B.;  was  born  at  Delhi,  Delaware 
County,  New  York,  March  28,  1814;  was  educated  at 
Delaware  Academy  and  at  Williams  College,  Massa 
chusetts;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1839; 
in  1841  was  appointed  District  Attorney  for  Otsego 
County;  in  1847  removed  to  Kingston,  Ulster  County, 
and  there  practiced  his  profession;  in  1850  was 
elected  Special  Judge  of  that  County;  in  1860  was 


elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  the  District  of  Columbia  and  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  again  serving  on  the  Committees  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department;  was  killed  by  being  thrown  from  a  car 
riage,  in  Kingston,  -New  York,  September  24,  1866. 

Steele,  John  H.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in 
1792;  was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  from  1844  to 
1846.  Died  at  Peterborough,  New  Hampshire,  July 
3,  1865. 

Steele,  John  N.;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1832;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1835  to  1837. 

Steele,  "Walter  Leak  ;  was  born  at  Steele's 
Mills,  (now  Little's  Mills),  North  Carolina,  April  18, 
1S23;  received  a  collegiate  education,  graduating  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1844;  studied 
and  practiced  law;  was  elected  to  the  State  House  of 
Commons  in  1846,  1848,  1850,  and  1854,  and  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1852  and  1858;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic;  National  Conventions  at  Charleston  and 
Baltimore  in  1860;  was  Secretary  of  the  State  Seces 
sion  Convention  of  18:il;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty- 
sixth  Congi esses;  declined  a  re-nomination. 

Steele,  "William  G.;  was  born  in  Somerset 
County,  New  Jersey,  December  17,  1820;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Somerville  Academy;  entered  early  into 
the  mercantile  business,  to  which  he  subsequently 
added  that  of  banking;  was,  for  several  years,  ap 
pointed,  by  the  Governor  of  the  State,  a  State  Di 
rector  for  the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal,  and  the 
Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  Company;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Thirty-sev 
enth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Select  Committee  on 
Army  Contracts;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Accounts, 
and  Enrolled  Bills;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Chi 
cago  Convention  ' '  of  1864. 

Steele,  William  B.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  July  24,  1842;  received  a  good  education;  stud 
ied  law;  served  in  the  army  as  private  and  commis 
sioned  officer  during  the  late  war,  but  chiefly  as  a 
staff-officer  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  was  elected 
to  the  Legislative  Council  of  Wyoming  Territory  in 
1871:  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress  as  the 
Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Wyoming,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -fourth  Congress. 

Steenrod,  Lewis;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  irom  that  State, 
serving  from  1839  to  1845. 

Stenger,  William  S.;  was  born  at  London, 
Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  13,  1840; 
graduated  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  College;  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law;  was  assistant  editor  of  a 
newspaper  in  Chambersburg;  was  a  candidate  for  the 
State  Legislature,  but  was  defeated:  served,  for  a 
time,  as  District  Attorney  for  Franklin  County,  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsv' vania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Stephens,  Abraham  P.;  was  born  in  New 
York;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Stephens,  Alexander  H.;  was  born  in  Talia- 
ferro  County,  Georgia,  February  11,  1812;  was  left  an 
orphan  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  when  kind  friends,  un: 


474 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


solicited,  furnished  him  with  the  means  to  obtain  a 
education,  all  of  which  he  subsequently  returnee 
with  interest;  prepared  himself  for  college  in  nin 
months,  and  graduated  at  Franklin  College  in  1835 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1834 
after  paying  his  debts,   his  first  earnings  were   de 
voted  to  redeeming  from  the  hands  of  strangers  th 
Home  of  his  childhood,  which  had  been  sold  after  hi 
lather's  death;   in   1836  was  elected   to  the  Lowe 
House  of  the  State  Legislature,  where  he  served  fiv 
years,  devoting  himself  especially  to  the  internal  in 
terests  of  his  native  State;    in  1839  was  chosen  i 
Delegate    to    the     "Commercial     Convention"    a 
Charleston,  where  he  is  said  to  have  made  a  deep  im 
pression  by  his  peculiar  eloquence;    in    1842    was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  his  State;  in  1843  was  electee 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Georgia,  to  which 
position  he  was  regularly  re-elected  to  the  close  o: 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress;  served  on  many  Commit 
tees,  and  it  was  while  he  officiated  as  Chairman  o: 
the  Committee  on  Territories,  that  the  Territories  o: 
Minnesota  and  Oregon  were  admitted  into  the  Union 
became  identified  with  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and 
was  chosen  Vice-President  and  member  of  Congres: 
of  the  so-called  u  Southern  Confederacy";  was  sub 
sequently  confined  as  a   Prisoner  of  State  in  Fort 
Warren;   was  released  by  order  of  President  John 
son;  in  1866  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia   "  National  Union  Convention,"  but  did  not  at 
tend  its  sessions;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  but  was  not  admitted;  was  subsequently 
elected   a  Representative   to    the    Forty-third    and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of   the  Committee    on   Coinage, 
Weights  and  Measures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  in 
1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Georgia,  and  resigned 
his  seat  in  Congress  to  assume    his    gubernatorial 
duties.     Died  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  March  4,  1883. 

Stephens,  John  Lloyd  ;  was  born  at  Shrews 
bury,  New  Jersey,  November  28.  1805;  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  in  1822;  studied  at  the  Litchfield 
Law  School,  and  practiced  law  in  New  York  City 
about  eight  years;  from  1834  to  1836  visited  Europe 
and  Egypt,  and  in  1837  published  "Incidents  of 
Travel  in  Greece,  Turkey,  Russia,  and  Poland";  in 
339  was  appointed  Special  Ambassador  to  Central 
America,  and  on  his  return  published  "  Incidents  of 
Travel  in  Central  America,  Chiapas,  and  Yucatan," 
and  in  1843  another  work  on  Yucatan;  was  a  Di 
rector  of  the  Ocean  Steam  Navigation  Company, 
which  established  the  first  American  line  of  trans- 
Atlantic  steamers,  and  went  to  Europe  as  the  repre 
sentative  of  the  Company,  on  the  trial  trip  of  its  first 
vessel,  the  Washington;  the  latter  part  of  his  life  was 
devoted  to  the  construction  of  the  Panama  Railroad 
of  which  he  was  President;  in  1846  was  a  Delegate 
to  tjie  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  New  York. 

Stephens,  Philander ;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1829  to  1833.  Died  at  Springfield  Penn 
sylvania,  July  8,  1842,  aged  fifty-four  years. 

Stephens,  William;  was  a  citizen  of  Georgia- 
in  1801  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of  Georgia. 

Stephenson,  Benjamin;  was  a  Delegate  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois  Territory,  from  1814  to  181(> 
when  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  Public  Monevs 
at  Edwardsville,  Illinois. 

Stephenson,  Isaac  ;  was  born  near  Frederick- 
ton,  York  County,  New  Brunswick,  June  18,  1829- 


received  a  common  school  and  academic  education; 
in  1845  removed  to  Milwaukee.  Wisconsin;  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business  at  Escanaba,  Michigan;  in 
1858  removed  to  Marinette,  Wisconsin,  continuing  in 
the  lumber  business;  was  President  of  the  Stepheuson 
Banking  Company  for  seven  years;  was  a  Director  in 
the  Sturgeon  Bay  Canal  Company ;  was  President  of 
the  Menomonee  River  Manufacturing  Company,  and 
of  the  North  Ludington  Company,  one  of  the  oldest 
lumber  companies  in  the  Northwest;  held  various 
local  offices;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1866  and  1868;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Re 
publican  National  Convention  of  188'J;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Con 
gress. 

Stephenson,  James ;  was  born  at  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  March  20.  1764;  removed  to  Virginia 
at  an  early  day;  commanded  a  company  in  the  cam 
paign  of  General  St.  Clair;  was  present  at  the  quell 
ing  of  the  Whisky  Insurrection  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  Brigade  Inspector; 
served  for  many  years  as  a  Delegate  to  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1803  to  1805,  from  1809  to  1811, 
and  again  from  1822  to  1825.  Died  in  August. 
1833. 

Stephenson/  James  S.;  was  born  in  York 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  in  Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829.  Died  at 
Pittsburgh,  October  17,  1831. 

Stephenson,  John  GK;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  removed  to  Indiana;  in  1861  was  appointed, 
Tom  that  State,  Librarian  of  Congress,  serving  as 
such  until  the  appointment  of  A.  R.  Spofford,  in 
1865. 

Sterigere,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  from  1827  to  1831,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Sterling,  Ansel ;  was  a  native  of  New  London 
'ounty,  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
fess  from  that  State  from  1821  to  1825. 

Sterling-,  Micah ;  was  born  at  Lyme,  Connecti- 
.ut,  in  1781 ;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1804;  re 
moved  to  the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  for  some 
ears  a  member  of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  at  Water- 
town,  New  York,  April  10,  1844. 

Sterrett,  Samuel ;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
f  Representatives  of  the  United  States  from  Mary- 
and  from  l*yi  to  1793.  Died  at  Baltimore,  July  12 
833,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Stetson,  Charles ;   was  born  in  New  Ipswich 

Vew  Hampshire,  November  7, 1801;  in  1802  removed! 

with  his  parents,  to  Hampden,  Maine;  graduated  at 

Yale  College  in  1823;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the 

jssion  until  1833  when  he  moved  to  the  City  of 

iangor;     m    1834     was    appointed    Judge    of    the 

lumcipal  Court  of  that  city;  subsequently  held  the 

ffice  ol   Clerk   of  all  the  Judicial   Courts    for  the 

.ounty  ol  Penobscot;  in  1845  was  elected  a  member 

the  Executive  Council  of  the  State,  and  re-elected 
hree  years  m  succession;  in  1*48  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maine  to  the  Thirty-first  Con- 

Coinnerc<i- 


^BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


475 


Stetson,  Lemuel;  was  born  in  New  York; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  three  years 
\n  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  was  a  Kepresentative 
in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845;  was  County  Judge  of 
Clinton  County  from  1847  to  1851. 

Stevens,  Aaron  F.;  was  born  at  Deny,  New 
Hampshire,  August  9,  1819;  was  educated  at  Pink- 
erton  Academy;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
in  1845,  locating  at  Nashua,  New  Hampshire;  in 
1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  re- 
elected;  served  five  years  as  a  State  Solicitor;  in  1861 
entered  the  Volunteer  army  as  Major  in  the  First  New 
Hampshire  Infantry;  was  promoted  in  1862,  and  as 
Colonel  served  through  the  war;  was  wounded  at 
Fort  Harrison  in  1864,  and  for  his  gallantry  was, 
soon  afterwards,  brevetted  a  Brigadier-General;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Union  Prisoners,  Revolutionary 
Claims,  Naval  Affairs,  and  Patents. 

Stevens,  Bradford  N.;  was  born  in  Boscawen, 
New  Hampshire,  January  3,  1813;  studied  one  year 
in  Le  Petit  Seminaire,  at  Montreal,  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1835;  was  a  teacher  six 
years;  in  1843  removed  to  Bureau  County,  Illinois, 
where  he  was  active  in  the  promotion  of  internal  im 
provements;  was  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Super 
visors  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Stevens,  Hestor  L.;  was  born  at  Lima,  Liv 
ingston  County,  New  York,  in  October,  1803;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was,  for  several  years,  connected  with 
the  press  in  Rochester,  New  York;  removed  to  Mich 
igan;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855.  Died  at  Georgetown, 
District  of  Columbia,  May  7,  1864. 

Stevens,  H.  S.;  was  born  at  Weston,  Vermont, 
in  1832;  received  a  common  school  education;  in 
1851  removed  to  New  Mexico;  in  1856  located  in 
that  portion  now  Arizona;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Arizoua  from  1868  to 
1873;  was  elected  a  Delegate  from  Arizona  to  the 
Forty-fourth  and  Forty-fifth  Congresses. 

Stevens,  Isaac  I.;  was  born  at  North  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  in  1818;  graduated  at  the  West  Point 
Military  Academy  in  1839,  and  entered  the  Corps  of 
Engineers,  in  which  service  he  continued  until  1853 ; 
was  at  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  under  General  Scott; 
fought  in  several  subsequent  battles;  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  final  assault  upon  the  City  of  Mex 
ico,  and  was  twice  brevetted  for  gallant  services; 
served  for  a  time  as  au  assistant  in  the  Coast  Survey 
Office  in  Washington  City;  in  1853  was  appointed 
Governor  and  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for 
the  Territory  of  Washington;  this  office  he  resigned 
in  1857,  having  previously  been  elected  a  Delegate 
to  Congress  from  Washington  Territory,  where  he 
continued  to  serve  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Re 
bellion,  in  1861;  when  Governor  of  Washington 
Territory,  traveled  throughout  its  whole  extent,  and, 
as  Commissioner,  made  many  treaties  with  the  In 
dian  tribes;  in  September,  1861,  was  appointed  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  Volunteer  service;  was 
killed  in  battle  at  Bull  Run,  Virginia,  in  1862. 

Stevens,  James ;  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Con 
necticut,  in  1768;  served  in  Congress  as  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1821,  voting 
with  the  South  on  the  Missouri  Compromise;  in  1822 
,vas  appointed  Postmaster  at  Stamford.  Died  at 
that  place  in  April,  1835. 


Stevens,  John  Leavitt;  was  born  at  Mount 
Vernou,  Kennebec  County,  Maine,  Augustl,  1820;  was 
educated  at  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  and  the 
Waterville  Liberal  Institute;  studied  theology,  and, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  was  ordained  a  minister  of 
the  Universalist  Church;  after  ten  years'  service, 
was  compelled,  by  ill-health,  to  abandon  the  minis 
try;  then  became  associated  with  James  G.  Elaine  in 
the  ownership  and  management  of  the  Kennebec 
Journal  newspaper,  at  Augusta,  Maine,  in  which  he 
continued  for  thirteen  years  as  editor-in-chief;  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Republican  State  Convention 
held  in  Maine;  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee  from  1855  to  1860;  served  five  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  three  years  in  the  Lower  House, 
and  two  years  in  the  Senate;  was  United  States  Min 
ister  to  Uruguay  and  Paraguay  from  1870  to  1873, 
when  he  resigned  and  returned  home;  in  1877  was 
appointed,  by  the  President,  United  States  Minister 
to  Sweden  and  Norway,  which  post  he  resigned  in 
1883,  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Maine;  in  1882  re 
ceived,  from  Tuft's  College,  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

Stevens,  Robert  S.;  was  born  at  Attica,  New 
York,  March  27,  1824;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1856;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  engaged  in  practice;  was 
elected  a  State  Senator  in  1862;  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1870,  and  engaged  in  the  construction  and  man 
agement  of  railroads;  in  1879  returned  to  his  native 
place  and  settled  there;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Stevens,  Samuel;  was  Governor  of  Maryland 
from  1822  to  1826. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus;  was  born  in  Caledonia 
County,  Vermont,  April  4,  1792;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1814;  during  that  year  removed  to 
Pennsylvania;  studied  law  and  taught  in  an  acad 
emy  at  the  same  time;  in  1816  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania;  in  1833  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  again  elected 
in  1834,  1835,  1837,  and  1841;  in  1836  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State  Con 
stitution;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  Canal  Commis 
sioner;  in  1842  removed  to  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirty-first  and  Thirty-second  Congresses;  in 
1858  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  during 
which  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ways 
and  Means,  having  previously  served  on  various  im 
portant  Committees;  in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  again  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  also  as 
Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Pacific 
Railroad;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Baltimore  Conven 
tion  "  of  1864;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -ninth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Appropriations,  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committees  on  a  Postal  Railroad  to  New  York, 
on  Reconstruction,  and  Free  Schools  in  the  District  of 
Columbia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loy 
alists'  Convention  "  of  1860;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Niagara  Ship  Canal,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Special 
Committee  on  Reconstruction,  and  also  of  that  on 
Appropriations;  in  1867  received,  from  Middlebury 
College,  the  degree  of  LL.  D. ;  was  also  one  of  the 
Managers  in  the  Impeachment  Trial  of  President 
Andrew  Johnson.  Died  in  Washington,  August  11, 
1868. 

Stevenson,  Adlai  B.;  was  born  in  Christian 
County,  Kentucky,  October  23,  1835;  removed  to 


476 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Bloomington,  Illinois,  when  sixteen  years  of  age 
was  educated  at  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University, 
and  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky;  studied  law  al 
BloomiDgton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age 
of  twenty-two;  in  1859  removed  to  Woodlbrd  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky;  held  the  office  of  Master  in  Chancery 
from  1861  to  1865;  was  elected  State's  Attorney  ol 
the  Twenty-third  Judicial  District  in  1864.  and  held 
the  office  lour  years;  was  a  candidate  for  Presidential 
Elector  on  the  McClellan  ticket  in  1864;  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Bloomington  in  1868;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  tiie 
Forty-fourth  Congress ;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  to  West  Point  Military  Academy  in  1877;  in 
1878  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress;  in  1882  was  again  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  on  July  3,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  First  Assistant 
Postmaster-General. 

Stevenson,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  in  1784;  entered  public  life  in  1804 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  where,  for  sev 
eral  sessions,  he  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1821  to  1834;  during  the  Twentieth,  Twenty- 
first,  and  Twenty-second  Congresses,  from  1828  to 
1834  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1836  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  Great  Britain,  and  remained 
there  until  succeeded  by  Mr.  Everett,  in  1841 ;  after 
his  return  to  America,  devoted  himself  chiefly  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  to  the  interests  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  of  which  institution  he  was  Rec 
tor  at  the  time  of  his  death;  as  a  friend  and  neigh- 
tor  he  was  much  beloved.  Died  at  Blenheim,  Albe- 
marle  County,  Virginia,  January  25,  1857. 

Stevenson,  Edward  A.;  was  born  at  Lowville, 
Lewis  County,  New  York,  June  14,  1831;  removed,' 
with  his  parents,  to  Washtenaw  County,  Michigan, 
in  1831),  and  settled  on  a  farm;  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  Grass  Lake  Academy,  Michi 
gan  ;  in  1849  emigrated  to  El  Dorado  County,  Cali 
fornia,  and  engaged  in  mining;  in  1851  was  elected  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace;  in  1853  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  California  Legislature;  was  the  only 
one  of  eight  Representatives  from  the  same  county 
who  was  re-elected  in  1854;  in  1856  removed  to  Te- 
hama  County,  California,  and  settled  on  a  farm;  in 
1858,  during  his  absence  from  home,  his  house  was 
set  on  fire  by  Indians,  and  his  wife  and  three  chil 
dren  were  burned  with  the  building;  in  185!)  Mr. 
Stevenson  was  again  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature,  and  at  the  session  of  18HO  was  elected 
Speaker  pro  tern,  of  the  House;  in  1863  removed  to 
Boise  County,  Idaho,  where  he  engaged  in  farmiu^- 
and  mining,  and  was  very  successful;  in  18'J4  was 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace;  in  1866  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Territorial  Council  of  Idaho;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867;  the  same 
year  was  elected  County  Commissioner,  serving  three 
years;  in  1874  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Territo 
rial  Assembly,  and  was  unanimously  elected  Speaker 
of  the  Assembly;  in  1876  was  again  elected  to  the 
Territorial  Council  for  two  years:  in  September  1885 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Idaho,  an  appointment  which  was 
heartily  approved  by  the  citizens  of  the  Territory 
regardless  of  party  affiliations. 

Stevenson,  Job  E.;  was  born  in  Ross  County 
Ohio,  February  10,  1831;  received  a  limited  educal 
rnl-^Mf1  ^Pro/eswon  of  the  law;  was  Solicitor 
of  Chilhcothe.  Ohio,  from  1*5!)  to  1862;  was  a  State 
Senator  from  1863  to  1865,  when  he  removed  to  Cin 
oumati;  was  selected  to  pronounce  the  address  over 


the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  when  they  arrived 
at  Columbus;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio 
to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Mileage,  and  Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands. 

Stevenson,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Richmond, 
Virginia,  in  1813;  was  the  son  of  Andrew  Stevenson; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  read  law, 
and  settled  in  Covingtou,  Kentucky,  in  1841;  prac 
ticed  his  profession  with  success;  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  in  1845,  1846,  and  1847;  in 
1849  was  elected  to  the  "State  Constitutional  Con 
vention,"  in  which  he  took  a  leading  part;  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of 
1848,  1852,  and  1856;  was  twice  a  Senatorial  Elector; 
was  one  of  the  three  Commissioners  appointed  to  re 
vise  the  Civil  and  Criminal  Code  of  Kentucky;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
from  that  State,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  same  committee;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Conven 
tion  "of  1866;  in  1867  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  of  Kentucky,  and  acted  as  Governor;  in  1871 
entered  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term  ending 
in  1877,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs, 
the  Judiciary  and  Appropriations.  Died  at  his  home, 
August  10,  1886. 

Stevenson,  William'E.;  was  Governor  of  West 
Virginia  from  1869  to  1871. 

Stewart,  Alexander  ;  was  Judge  of  the  United 
States  for  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  and  held  the  po 
sition  until  the  organization  of  the  State  Govern 
ment,  in  1818. 

Stewart,  Andrew  ;  was  born  in  Fayette  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  June,  1792;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815;  was  soon  afterwards 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  served  three 
years;  was  appointed,  by  President  Monroe,  District 
Attorney  for  Western  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1829,  from  1831  to 
1835,  and  from  1843  to  1847;  in  Congress,  and  out  of 
it,  was  ever  a  warm  advocate  of  what  is  known  as  the 
"American  Protective  System,"  and  was  subse 
quently  devoted  chiefly  to  the  congenial  pursuits  of 
agriculture,  though  paying  some  attention  to  the 
business  of  manufacturing.  Died  at  Uniontown 
Pennsylvania,  July  16,  1872. 

Stewart,  Archibald  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 

Jersey  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1784  and  1785 
to  nil  a  temporary  vacancy. 

Stewart,  Charles ;  was  born  at  Memphis,  Ten 
nessee,  May  30,  1836;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
Galveston,  Texas,  in  1845,  and  to  Houston,  Texas, 
48;  was  educated  in  such  schools  as  those  towns 
then  contained;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  by  the  State  Supreme  Court,  in  1854;  settled 
at  Marlm,  Texas,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession; 
was  District  Attorney  of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial  Dis 
trict  from  1857  to  1861;  was  a  member  of  the  Seces- 
-sion  Convention  of  1861;  in  1866  removed  to  Hous 
ton,  Texas;  was  City  Attorney  in  1872;  served  two 
;ernis  as  a  State  Senator;  was  elected  a  Representa- 
;ive  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth 
Congresses. 

Stewart,  David  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession: 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  De 
cember  6,  1849,  to  January  12,  1850,  by  Executive 
•ippointment,  in  place  of  Reverdy  Johnson,  resigned; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


477 


was  a  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  Died  in  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
January  6,  1858. 

Stewart,  Jacob  H.;  was  born  at  Clermont,  New- 
York,  January  15,  1829;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Peekskill,  New  York ;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  graduated  in  medicine  in  1851  at  the  Uni 
versity  Medical  College  of  New  York  City,  and  began 
practice  at  Peekskill;  in  1855  removed  to  Minnesota; 
was  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  State  Senate  in  1858 
and  1859;  was  Surgeon -General  of  the  State  from 
1857  to  1863;  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  First 
Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry  in  1861;  was  taken 
prisoner  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Eun,  but  was 
paroled  and  permitted  to  return  home;  was  Surgeon 
of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  in  1864  and  1865;  Post 
master  of  Saint  Paul  from  1865  to  1870;  Mayor  of 
Saint  Paul  in  1864,  1865,  1872,  1873  and  1874;  was 
President  of  the  Minnesota  State  Medical  Society  in 
1875  and  1876;  was  elected*  a  Representative  from 
Minnesota  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Stewart,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  during  the  years  1818  and 
1819.  Died  in  North  Carolina  in  February,  51822, 
aged  fifty-two  years. 

Stewart,  James  A.;  was  born  in  Dorchester 
County,  Maryland,  November  24,  1808;  received  a 
good  education,  and  studied  law;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Maryland;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  same  committee. 

Stewart,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1800  to  1801 ,  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  T.  Hartley;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Seventh  and  Eighth  Congresses. 

Stewart,  John ;  was  born  at  Chatham,  Connec 
ticut,  in  1795;  was  by  occupation  a  farmer;  served 
many  years  in  the  Connecticut  Legislature ;  was 
Judge  of  Middlesex  County  Court;  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1843  to  1845. 
Died  in  Chatham,  September  16,  1860. 

Stewart,  John  "W.;  was  born  at  Middlebury, 
Vermont,  in  1825;  graduated  from  Middlebury  Col 
lege  in  1846;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Mid 
dlebury;  was  State's  Attorney  for  his  native  county 
from  1852  to  1^55;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1856  and  1857;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1862  and  1863;  was  again  in  the  Assembly  in  1864, 
1865, 1866,  and  1867;  was  Governor  of  the  State  Ironi 
1870  to  1872;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Leg 
islature  in  1876  and  1877;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Vermont  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Stewart,  Thomas  E.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City.  September  22,  1821;  received  a  good  education; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1845;  in  1854 
was  elected  a  Commissioner  of  Common  Schools;  in 
1864  and  1865  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  As 
sembly;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

Stewart,  "William  ;  wa6  born  in  the  town 
of  Mercer,  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania,  September 
16,  1811;  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College,  in  that 
State;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 


1835;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Pennsyl 
vania  for  three  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress: 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Expenses  in  the 
War  Department,  and  on  Agriculture. 

Stewart,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Wayne 
County,  New  York,  August  9,  1827;  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  Ohio  in  1835;  left  home  in  his  thir 
teenth  year,  and  prepared  himself  for  college,  chiefly 
in  New  York;  entered  Yale  College  in  1848.  where 
he  remained  eighteen  months,  and  then  left  for  the 
gold  fields  of  California;  spent  two  years  in  the  min 
ing  business;  in  1852  commenced  reading  law;  dur 
ing  that  year  was  appointed  District  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Nevada,  and  was  subsequently  elected  to 
the  same  office;  in  1854,  during  the  absence  of  the 
Attorney-General  of  California,  was  appointed  to 
perform  the  duties  of  that  office;  next  spent  about 
eighteen  months  practicing  his  profession  in  San 
Francisco;  afterwards  practiced  in  Nevada  City  and 
Downieville;  in  1860  removed  to  the  then  Territory 
of  Utah  (now  Nevada);  served  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature  in  1861;  was  a  member  of  the  "Consti 
tutional  Convention"  held  in  1863;  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  from  Nevada  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1865  and  ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  Public  Lands,  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  Mines  and  Mining;  in  1865  received, 
from  Yale  College,  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts;  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1875,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Railroads. 

Stiles,  George  P.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Iowa;  in  1854  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Utah. 

Stiles,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Luzerne  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  15,  1823;  received  an  aca 
demic  education ;  studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844;  in  1853  was  elected  District  Attorney 
for  Lehigh  County,  and  held  the  office  three  years; 
in  1856  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  National  Convention" 
which  nominated  Mr.  Buchanan  for  President;  was 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress  for  the  unex 
pired  term  of  his  friend,  T.  B.  Cooper,  deceased, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims; 
in  1862  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department  and  Revolutionary  Claims;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  of  1864, 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention" 
of  1866,  and  to  the  New  York  Democratic  Convention 
of  1868;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty- 
first  Congresses. 

Stiles,  William  H.;  was  born  at  Savannah, 
Georgia;  received  a  good  education;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  in  1833  was  elected  Solicitor-Gen 
eral  of  the  Eastern  District  of  the  State,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  1836;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1843  to  1845;  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Austria,  of  which 
country,  after  his  return,  he  published  a  history; 
served  as  a  Colonel  in  the  great  Rebellion.  Died  at 
Savannah  on  the  20th  day  of  December.  1865. 

Stilwell,  Thomas  L. ;  was  born  at  Stilwell,  But 
ler  County,  Ohio,  August  29,  1830;  was  educated  at 
Oxford  and  College  Hill,  Ohio;  studied  law  in  that 
State;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1852,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar;  in  1856  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Indiana;  was  subsequently  engaged  in  the  banking 
business;  served  one  year  as  an  officer  in  the  War  foi 


478 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


the  Union;  in  1804  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Indiana  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Invalid  Pensions;  in 
1867  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson.  Minister 
Resident  to  Venezuela.  Was  killed,  by  J.  E.  Cor- 
win,  at  Anderson.  Indiana,  January  14,  1874. 

St.  John,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Orange  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  October  8,  1818;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  was  a  merchant  and  lumberman;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-second 
and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Lands  and  the  State  Department. 

St.  John,  Daniel  B.;  was  born  at  Sharon,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  Octobers,  1808;  removed 
to  New  York;  became  a  merchant's  clerk;  then  fol 
lowed  the  mercantile  business  until  1847;  in  1839 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  served  four 
years  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  for 
Sullivan  County;  was  a  Representative  from  New  i 
York  to  the  Thirtieth  Congress;  from  1819  until  1855 
had  charge  of  the  Bank  Department  of  New  York ; 
afterwards  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  near 
Newburg,  New  York. 

St.  John,  Henry;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1843  to 
1847. 

St.  John,  John  P.;  was  Governor  of  Kansas 
from  1879  to  1883. 

St.  Martin,  Louis ;  was  born  in  Saint  Charles 
Parish,  Louisiana,  in  1820;  was  educated  at  Saint 
Mary's  College,  Missouri,  and  Jefferson  College, 
Louisiana;  entered  a  notary's  office  with  the  purpose 
of  studying  law  and  becoming  a  notary;  remained 
until  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  New  Orleans 
Post  Office;  in  1846  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  of  Louisiana;  the  same  year  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  for  the  Southeastern  District  of 
Louisiana;  was  a  second  time  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture;  after  two  years'  service,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Thirty-second  Con 
gress;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  in  1852;  at  the  close  of  his  term  em 
barked  m  mercantile  pursuits;  soon  thereafter  was 
appointed  Register  of  Voters  for  the  City  of  New  Or 
leans;  in  1866  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con- 
p-ess,  but  was  denied  his  seat  under  the  operation  of 
the  Reconstruction  Laws;  in  1868  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  but  the  election  was  declared 
invalid;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  of  1868,  1876,  and  1880;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1H76;  for  several  years  occupied  a 
position  in  the  Municipal  Government  of  New  Or 
leans;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Louisiana  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Stockbridge,  Francis  B.;  was  born  at  Bath 
Maine,  m  18:20;  in  1831  removed,  with  his  parents' 
to  Boston,  Massachusetts;  received  a  good  education- 
in  1847  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  at  Chicago' 
Illinois;  in  1850  settled  at  Saugatuck,  Michigan- 
served  as  a  Representative  in  the  Michigan  LeeTsla' 
turem  1869;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1871-  in  1874 
removed  to  Kalamazoo,  Michigan;  in  1875 'was  an 

rVft  ty  P1re9idenlt  Grant-  United  States  Minister 
to  the  Netherlands,  but  declined  the  honor. 

Stockley,  Charles  C.;  was  born  at  Georgetown 
Sussex  County,  Delaware,  November  6,  1819-  was 
educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native  place  and  at  i 
select  private  school  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania- 
began  his  business  career  as  clerk  in  a  store  in 


Georgetown,  and  afterwards  filled  a  similar  position 
in  Philadelphia;  returning  to  Sussex  County,  lie 
taught  school  from  1839  to  1846;  in  the  latter  year  he 
engaged  in  business  for  himself  at  Millersborough, 
Sussex  County,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until 
1856;  in  1852  was  elected  County  Treasurer,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1854;  in  1856  was  elected  SheriiF  of 
Sussex  County  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  removed 
to  Georgetown,  the  County  Seat;  after  his  term  ex 
pired  he  settled  upon  a  farm,  three  miles  from 
Georgetown,  where  he  continued  to  reside;  in  1873 
was  elected  a  State  Senator  for  the  term  of  four  years, 
and,  at  the  second  session  of  that  body,  was  elected 
Speaker;  he  was,  for  many  years,  a  Director  in  the 
Junction  and  Breakwater  Railroad,  President  of  tho 
Breakwater  and  Frankford  Railroad,  and  President 
of  the  Farmer's  Bank  of  the  State  of  Delaware;  was 
always  an  earnest  advocate  of  public  schools,  and 
did  much  to  promote  them  in  his  native  State;  in 
1882  was  elected  Governor  of  Delaware;  on  his 
elevation  to  this  public  trust  he  severed  his  official 
connection  with  the  railroads  above  mentioned. 

Stockslager,  Strother  M.;  was  born  at  Mauck- 
port,  Indiana,  May  7,  1842;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  taught  school;  served  in  the  Union  Army  dur 
ing  the  War  of  the  Rebellion:  was  Deputy  County 
Auditor  two  years;  Deputy  County  Clerk  two  years; 
was  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Corydon,  Indiana,  and  com 
menced  practice  there  in  1871 ;  was  a  State  Senator 
from  1874  to  1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Indiana  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Stockton,  John  P.;  was  born  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  August  2,  1825;  his  father  and  grandfather 
both  served  in  the  United  States  Senate,  and  his 
great-grandfather  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declar 
ation  of  Independence;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1843;  studied  law;  was  licensed  to  practice  in 
846,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  appointed,  by 
the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey,  to  revise  the  laws  of 
the  State;  was,  for  several  years,  the  Reporter  in 
Chancery,  and  published  three  volumes,  which  bear 
his  name;  in  1858  was  appointed,  by  President  Bu 
chanan,  Minister  Resident  to  Rome,  but,  on  the  elec 
tion  of  President  Lincoln,  asked  to  be  recalled;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  in 
1865,  for  the  term  ending  in  1871,  and  served  on  the 
Committee  on  Pensions;  on  the  question  of  his  right 
to  the  seat  in  the  Senate,  there  was  a  long  debate, 
and  he  was  admitted  by  a  vote  of  twenty-two  to 
twenty-one,  the  deciding  vote,  owing  to  peculiar  cir 
cumstances,  being  cast  by  himself;  the  question,  how 
ever,  was  reconsidered;  he  withdrew  his  vote,  and 
then,  by  a  vote  of  twenty-two  to  twenty-one,  lost  his 
seat,  March  27,  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  in 
I860,  for  the  term  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  various 
committees;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Na 
tional  Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Stockton,  Richard;   was  born  at  Princeton, 
New  Jersey,  October  1,  1730;  graduated  at  Princeton 
.ege  in  1748;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law  and 
>ecame  eminent;  was  appointed  a  Judge,  both  under 
Provincial  Government  and  after  the  adoption  of 
5  Constitution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  in  1776  and  1777,  and  signed  the  Declara- 
lon  of  Independence.     Died  February  28, 1781.    His 
on,  bearing  his  name,  a  grandson,  and  great-grand 
son,  succeeded  him  as  members  in  the  Federal  Con 
gress. 

Stockton,  Richard;    was  born  at  Princeton, 
New  Jersey,  April  17,  1764;  graduated   at  Nassau 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


479 


Hall  in  1779;  on  leaving  college  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  the  age  of  twenty;  in  1792 
and  1800  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1796  to  1799;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1813  to  1815;  in  1827  was 
a  Commissioner  for  settling  the  boundary  line  between 
New  York  and  New  Jersey;  was  eminently  distin 
guished  for  his  talents,  was  an  eloquent  and  profound 
lawyer,  and  during  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
was  at  the  head  of  the  bar  in  New  Jersey.  Died  at 
Princeton,  March  7,  1828. 

Stockton,  Robert  Field ;  was  born  at  Prince 
ton,  New  Jersey,  in  1795;  early  in  life  entered  the 
United  States  Navy,  and  was  actively  engaged  in 
some  of  the  most  important  naval  battles  during  the 
War  of  1812;  commanded  the  American  squadron  on 
the  coast  of  Africa,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Colony  of  Liberia;  was  one  of  the  first  of  our 
commanders  to  introduce  and  apply  steam  to  naval 
purposes — the  famous  sloop-of-war  Princeton  having 
been  built  under  his  supervision;  when  war  was  de 
clared  with  Mexico,  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  United  States  fleet  in  the  Pacific,  and  performed 
the  duties  of  Commodore,  General,  and  Governor; 
and  the  foundations  of  religion,  education  and  social 
progress  were  laid  by  his  instrumentality  in  many  of 
the  outposts  of  our  Western  world;  soon  after  his 
return  from  the  Pacific,  resigned  his  commission  in 
the  Navy,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  internal  im 
provements  of  his  native  State;  was  elected  United 
States  Senator  for  the  term  from  1851  to  1857,  serving 
as  a  member  of  several  Committees;  resigned  in  1853; 
the  bill  to  abolish  flogging  in  the  Navy  was  intro 
duced  in  the  Senate  by  him;  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  "  Peace  Congress  "  in  1861;  was  President  of 
the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canal  Company  from  the 
time  he  left  the  Senate  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  October  7,  1866. 

Stockton,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Captain  in  the  Third 
Artillery  in  1812;  was  Major  of  the  Forty-second  In 
fantry  in  1814;  resigned  in  1825;  was  Governor  of 
Delaware  from  1844  to  1846.  Died  at  New  Castle, 
Delaware,  March  2,  1846. 

Stoddard,  Ebenezer ;  was  born  at  West  Wood 
stock,  Connecticut,  May  6,  1786;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1806;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
practiced  extensively;  was,  for  several  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  of  the  State  for  one  year;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1821  to  1825.  Died  at  Woodstock, 
August,  1848. 

Stoddart,  John  T.;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1810;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Maryland  from  1833  to  1835,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Claims,  and  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia. 

Stoddert,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
served  as  a  Major  during  the  Revolution;  was,  for 
many  years,  extensively  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits  in  Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  where  one 
of  the  streets  of  the  town  still  bears  his  name:  in 
May,  1798,  was  appointed,  by  President  Adams,  Sec 
retary  of  the  Navy,  and  was  the  first  man  who  served 
in  that  capacity;  although  continued  in  the  position 
by  President  Jefferson,  was  superseded  in  January, 
1802;  subsequently  settled  in  Bladensburg,  Mary 
land,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced  age,  universally 
respected  for  his  high  character. 

Stokely,  Samuel;  was  born  in  Ohio;  received 
a  liberal  education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 


law;  served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a'  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1841  to  1843, 
serving  on  two  prominent  Committees. 

Stokes,  John  ;  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina; 
served  as  a  Colonel  in  the  Revolution  and  lost  an  arm 
in  one  of  its  battles;  in  1790  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  for  North  Carolina; 
as  a  mark  of  respect,  one  of  the  Counties  of  his  State 
was  named  for  him;  was  the  brother  of  M.  Stokes, 
one  of  the  early  Governors.  Died  in  Lafayetteville, 
North  Carolina,  in  October,  1790. 

Stokes,  Montford ;  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
in  1760;  was,  for  several  years,  Clerk  of  the  Superior 
Court;  was  subsequently  Clerk  of  the  State  Senate, 
in  which  capacity  he  became  so  popular  as  to  be 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  which  honor  he 
declined;  in  1816  was  again  elected  United  States 
Senator,  and  served  until  1823;  in  1826  went  into 
the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  as  Senator; 
in  1829  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Commons;  in 
1830  was  again  elected  to  the  Commons,  and  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State;  in  1831 
was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Indian  Agent 
in  Arkansas,  where  he  died  in  1842. 

Stokes,  "William  B.;  was  born  in  Chatham 
County,  North  Carolina,  September  9,  1814;  received 
a  limited  education;  devoted  the  greater  part  of  his 
life  to  agricultural  pursuits;  served  three  sessions  in 
the  Legislature  of  Tennessee — twice  as  a  Represent 
ative  and  once  as  a  Senator;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions;  during  the  Rebellion  of  1861  served  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  Union  Army;  in  1865  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  but  was  not  admitted  to  his  seat  until  near 
the  close  of  the  first  session  of  that  Congress,  when 
he  was  placed  on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  waa 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Con 
vention"  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Claims,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Ninth  Census. 

Stone,  Alfred  P.;  was  a  merchant  by  occupa 
tion;  was,  at  one  time,  Treasurer  of  the  State  of  Ohio; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1844  to  1845;  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
a  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue.  Died,  by  poison,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  August  2,  1865. 

Stone, David  ;  was  born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina,  February  17,  1770;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1788;  studied  law,  and  rose  to  a  high  po 
sition  at  the  bar;  was,  for  four  years,  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
North  Carolina  from  1795  to  1798;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1799  to  1801;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  1801  to  1807;  was  Governor  of 
North  Carolina  in  1808;  served  a  second  time  as 
United  States  Senator  from  1813  to  1814,  which  posi 
tion  he  resigned  on  account  of  disagreements  with  his 
constituents.  Died  October  7,  1818. 

Stone,  Bben  F.;  was  born  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  in  1822;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1843,  and  in  the  Law  School  of  that  insti 
tution  in  1846;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at 
Newburyport  in  1847;  served  terms  in  each  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature;  served  in  the  Union  Army  dur 
ing  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  in  command  of  a  Regi 
ment;  held  various  offices  under  the  National  Gov 
ernment;  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State 


480 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Committee  for  two  years;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  .Massachusetts  to  the  Forty-seventh,  Forty- 
eighth,  ami  Fort37-ninth  Congresses. 


Stone,  Frederick ;  was  born  in  Maryland,  his 
grandfather,  Thomas  Stone,  having  been  in  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  and  another  ancestor,  William 
Stone,  Deputy  Governor  of  Maryland  under  Lord 
Baltimore;  was  liberally  educated,  chiefly  in  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  in  1851  was  tendered  the  office  of  Deputy 
District  Attorney  for  his  County,  but  declined;  in 
1852  was  appointed,  by  the  Legislature,  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  revise  and  simplify  the  Rules  of 
Reading  and  Practice  in  the  Courts  of  Maryland;  in 
1855  and  1856  was  a  memberof  the  State  Legislature; 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  "  State  Constitutional 
Convention"  of  1864.  but  declined;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Private  Land  Claims,  Education  and  Labor,  and  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

Stone,  James ;  was  born  in   Kentucky;  was  a 
Representative  in   Congress  from    that  State  from  i 
1843  to  1845. 


Stone,  James  W.;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1813;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  again  from  1851  to  1852.  Died  October  13, 
1854. 

Stone,  John  Haskins ;  was,  while  quite  young, 
the  first  Captain  in  Smallwood's  Regiment,  at  an 
early  period  of  the  Revolutionary  War;  became 
Colonel  in  177G;  resigned  in  1779;  distinguished 
himself  at  the  battles  of  Long  Island,  White  Plains, 
Princeton  and  Gerrnantown,  in  the  last  of  which  he 
received  a  wound  which  disabled  him  from  further 
service;  in  1781  was  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  R.  R. 
Livingston,  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs,  was  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Mary 
land;  was  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1794  to  1897. 
Died  in  Annapolis.  Maryland,  October  5,  1804 

Stone,  John  M. ;  was  Governor  of  Mississippi 
from  March,  1876,  to  January,  1882. 

Stone,  John  "W.;  was  born  at  Wadsworth,  Ohio, 
July  18,  1838;  received  an  academic  education;  re 
moved  to  Michigan  in  1856;  studied  law;  was  elected 
County  Clerk  of  Allegan  County  in  1860;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1862;  was  again  elected  County 
Clerk  in  1862;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in 
18fJ4,  and  served  six  years;  was  elected  President  of 
Allegan  Village  in  1872;  Circuit  Judge  in  1873;  re 
signed  in  1874,  and  removed  to  Grand  Rapids,  where 
he  practiced  law ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Stone,  Joseph  O.,  was  born  at  Westfort  New 
York,  July  30,  1829;  received  a  limited  education  at 
the  public  schools;  in  1844  removed  to  the  Territory 
of  Iowa;  studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  Saint  Louis  University 
in  1854;  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  First  Iowa 
Cavalry  in  1861,  and  became  an  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war:  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  after  the  war;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Stone,  Michael ;  was  born  in  Charles  County 
Maryland,  about  the  year  1750;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  178!)  to  1791  • 
was  subsequently,  for  many  years,  Judge  of  the 


Charles  County  Court;  was  one  of  those  who  voted 
for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac; 
was  the  brother  of  Thomas  Stone.  Died  in  1812. 

Stone,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Pointon  Manor, 
Charles  County,  Maryland,  in  1743;  received  a  liberal 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  early 
joined  the  patriots  of  the  Revolution;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  17' 9,  and 
in  1784  and  1785;  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  in  1778  was  chosen  to  the  Maryland 
Legislature;  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Conven 
tion  which  framed  the  Federal  Constitution,  but  de 
clined  to  serve.  Died  October  5.  1787 

Stone,  William ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1838  to  1839. 

Stone,  William  H.;  was  born  at  Shawangunk, 
New  York,  November  7,  1828;  received  a  good  edu 
cation:  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  1848,  and 
resided  there  as  an  iron  manufacturer;  was  President 
of  "The  St.  Louis  Hot-pressed  Nut  and  Bolt  Com 
pany";  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  of  the 
St  Louis  Board  of  Water  Commissioners;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the  Forty-third 
and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Railroads  and  Canals;  in  December,  1875,  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Manufac 
tures,  and  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Depart 
ment. 

Stone,  William  J.;  was  born  in  Madison  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  May  7,  1848;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  Missouri;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Missouri;  studied  law:  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Nevada,  Missouri; 
was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Vernon  County,  Mis 
souri,  in  1873  and  1874;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1876;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
!  Missouri  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

•      Stone,  William  M.;  was  Governor  of  Iowa  from 
»  1864  to  1868. 

Stone,  W.  J.;  was  born  in  Caldwell  (now  Lyon) 
County,  Kentucky,  June  26,  1841;  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  at  Tyler's  Institute,  Cadiz 
Kentucky;  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  First  Kentucky 
Confederate  Cavalry,  serving  in  that  regiment  the 
Eighth  Kentucky  Cavalry  and  the  Fifth  Kentucky 
Cavalry  — John  H.  Morgan's  Brigade— until  1864, 
when,  at  Cynthiana,  Kentucky,  he  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner:  as  the  result  of  his  wound  his  right 
leg  was  amputated  near  the  hip  ioint;  was  held  a 
prisoner  until  the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865,  when  he 
was  released  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Kentucky; 
in  1867  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  again  elected  to  the  Assembly  in 
1875,  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1883 
was,  for  the  third  time,  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature;  during  this  term  was  an  earue^  advo 
cate  of  prison  reform,  and  succeeded  in  securing  the 
enactment  of  very  important  legislation  in  this  direc 
tion;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ken 
tucky  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


Stoneman,  George ;  was  a  conspicuous  officer 
the  Union  Army  during  the  Civil  War,  risin«-  to 

the  rank  of  Major-General;  after  the  close  of  the  war 
ttled  m  California;  in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of 

that  btate  for  four  years  from  January,  1883. 

Stprer,  Bellamy  ;  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine 
about  the  year  1798;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College 
from  which  he  subsequently  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.;  removed   to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  when  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,   studied  law,    and  practiced  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


481 


profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Ohio  from  1835  to  1837;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1844;  served  three  terms  as  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  the  District  of  Cincinnati:  was  a  Professor 
in  the  Cincinnati  Law  School.  Died  in  Cincinnati, 
June  1,  1875.  He  took  an  interest  in  religious  af 
fairs,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance. 

Storer,  Clement;  was  born  in  1760;  was  a 
United  States  Senator  from  New  Hampshire  from 
1817  to  1819.  Died  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire, 
November  22,  1830. 

Storm,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Pennsylvania,  September  19,  1838;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  July,  1861;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1863;  was  appointed  Su 
perintendent  of  Public  Schools  in  1862;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty -sec 
ond  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Militia,  Education  and  Labor,  and 
National  Monument;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Storrs,  Henry  B.;  was  born  at  Middletown. 
Connecticut,  in  1787;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1804;  practiced  law  some  years  at  Utica,  New  York; 
during  his  residence  there  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1819  to  1821,  and  from  1823  to  1831; 
afterwards  established  himself  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
where  he  soon  became  eminent  in  his  profession;  was 
possessed  of  extensive  and  varied  acquirements,  un 
common  powers  of  discrimination,  great  logical  ex 
actness,  and  a  ready  and  powerful  elocution;  as  a  de 
bater  in  Congress  he  stood  conspicuous  in  the  first 
rank.  Died  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  July  29, 
1837. 

Storrs,  William  L.;  was  born  in  Middletown, 
Connecticut,  March  25,  1795;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1814;  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1829  to  1833,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841 ;  was  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut  from  1840  to 
1856;  was  Chief  Justice  of  that  court  from  1856  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Hartford,  June  25,  1861; 
was  also  Professor  of  Law  in  Yale  College  in  1846 
and  1847. 

Story,  Joseph ;  was  born  at  Marblehead,  Mas 
sachusetts,  September  18,  1779;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1798;  studied  law;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  in  1805,  and  was  elected  Speak 
er;  during  the  years  1808  and  1809  was  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress;  in  1811  was  appointed,  by  Presi- 

I  dent  Madison,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  which  office  he  held  until  his  death; 

i  he  acquired  a  large  fortune  from  his  practice  as  a  law 
yer,  and  it  is  said  that  his  income  from  the  sale  of 

i    his  legal  writings,  which  were  numerous  and  of  the 

!  highest  order,  numbering  twenty-seven  volumes, 
with  thirty-four  volumes  of  Decisions,  amounted  to 
ten  thousand  dollars  per  annum;  in  1830  was  ap- 

i  pointed  Dane  Professor  in  the  Law  School  of  Harvard 
University;  subsequently  published  his  "  Cornment- 

i    aries  on  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  ";  in 

i  early  life  was  a  writer  of  poetry,  and  in  his  latter 
year  was  considered,  even  in  England,  "  the  first  of 
living  writers  on  law  " ;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  the  College?  of  Harvard,  Brown,  and  Dart 
mouth.  Died  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  Septem 
ber  10,  1845.  His  life  was  published  by  his  son,  W. 
W.  Story,  in  1851. 

31 


Story,  William ;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Ar- 
I  kansas;   was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  thtt  Territory. 

Stoughton,  E.  W\;  was  born  in  Windsor  Coun 
ty,  Vermont,  in  1818;  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion;  removed  to  New  York  City  in  1837;  studied 
law;  in  1840  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  in  New  York;  attained  to 
eminence  in  his  profession  and  became  prominent  in 
politics;  in  1877  was  appointed,  by  President  Hayes, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
of  the  United  States  to  Russia;  resigned  in  1879,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Died  January 
7,  1882. 

Stoughton,  William  L.;  was  born  in  New 
York,  March  20,  1827;  studied  law,  and,  on  coming 
to  the  bar,  settled  in  Sturges,  Michigan,  in  1851; 
from  1856  to  1860  was  Prosecuting  Attorney;  in  1861 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Michigan,  which  office  he  soon 
resigned;  entered  the  Volunteer  Army  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  was  promoted  Colonel,  and  commanded  in 
all  the  operations  of  his  regiment  until  wounded  at 
Atlanta;  wasbrevetted  a  Brigadier-General  for  "  gal 
lantry  on  the  field,"  and  after  the  war  was  brevetted 
a  Major-General;  had  the  credit  of  firing  the  last  gun 
at  Chickamauga;  commanded  a  brigade  at  Mission 
Ridge  and  in  the  Atlanta  campaign ;  lost  a  leg  by  a 
cannon  ball  at  Rupps'  Station,  in  front  of  Atlanta;  in 
1866  was  elected  Attorney -General  of  Michigan;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to 
the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Military  Affairs  and  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on 
important  committees. 

Stout,  Jacob ;  while  holding  the  position  of 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Delaware,  in  18:20,  was  Act 
ing  Governor  of  that  State,  serving  one  year. 

Stout,  Lansing;  was  born  at  Pamelia,  New 
York,  March  27,  1828;  received  a  limited  education: 
commenced  active  life  by  working  on  a  farm  and 
teaching  school;  became  a  Superintendent  of  Public 
Schools,  and  studied  law;  went  to  California  in  1851; 
in  1856  was  elected  to  the  California  Legislature;  in 
1857  went  to  Oregon  and  turned  his  attention  to  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1858  was  elected  Judge  of  Mult- 
nomah  County;  before  the  close  of  that  year  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  in  the  State  Department,  and  of 
the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebel 
lious  States;  subsequently  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature.  Died  in  1870. 

Stover,  John  H.;  was  born  in  Aaronsbnrg,  Cen 
ter  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  24,  1833;  received  a 
good  English  education;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1857;  in  1858  was  chosen  District  Attor 
ney  for  Center  County;  in  1861  entered  the  Volun 
teer  Army  as  a  private;  was  at  once  made  a  Captain; 
served  as  Major  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixth  Regi 
ment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  until  1864;  was 
then  Colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-fourth 
Regiment  until  the  close  of  the  war;  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Yorktown,  the  Seven  Days'  battles,  and 
those  of  Fredericksburg,  Antietam,  Chancellorsville, 
and  Gettysburg,  and  was  present  at  the  final  surren 
der  of  the  Confederate  forces;  was  several  times  hon 
orably  mentioned  by  his  superiors  in  command;  after 
the  war  removed  to  Missouri;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  that  State  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  for 
the  unexpired  term  of  J.  W.  McClurg,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Elections. 


482 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Stow,  Silas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1811  to  1813. 

Stowell,  William  H.  H.;  was  born  at  Windsor, 
Vermont,  July  26,  1840;  was  educated  at  the  high 
schools  of  Boston,  Massachusetts;  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  business;  settled  in  Virginia  in  1865;  was  ap- 
» pointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fourth 
District  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Virginia  to  the  Forty-second,  Forty-third,  and  Forty- 
fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads. 

Stower,  John  GK;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1827  to  1829;  was  a  State 
Senator  from  Madison  County  in  1833  and  1834. 

Strader,  Otto;  was  an  early  emigrant  to  Louis 
iana;  in  1806  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Louisiana. 

Strader,  P.  W.;  was  born  in  Warren,  New  Jer 
sey,  November  6,  1818;  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
with  his  parents,  in  1819,  going  down  the  great  river 
in  a  flat  boat;  spent  three  years  of  his  boyhood  in  a 
printing  office;  served  as  a  clerk  in  Easton,  Pennsyl 
vania,  but  returned  to  Ohio  in  1835;  from  that  year 
until  1848  served  as  a  clerk  and  an  engineer  on  the 
steamboats  of  the  Ohio;  was  a  general  ticket  agent 
for  the  Little  Miami  Railroad  for  many  years,  re 
signing  the  position  in  1867;  in  1868  was  elected  a 
Kepresentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Coins,  Weights  and 
Measures,  and  Interior  Department. 

Strait,  Horace  B. ;  was  born  in  Potter  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  26,  1835;  received  a  good  ed 
ucation;  removed  to  Indiana  in  1846,  and  to  Minne 
sota  in  1855;  entered  the  Union  Army  in  1862  as 
Captain  of  Infantry;  was  promoted,  serving  at  the 
close  of  the  war  as  Inspector-General  oa  the  staff  of 
General  Me  Arthur;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Shakopee 
in  1870,  and  re-elected  in  1871  and  1872;  was  one  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Minnesota  Hospital  for  the  Insane; 
was  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  and  banking 
business,  and  was  President  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Shakopee;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Weights  and 
Measures  and  Public  Buildings;  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  again  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Con 
gresses;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Stranahan,  J.  S.  T. ;  was  born  in  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Strange,  Robert;  was  born  in  Virginia,  Sep 
tember  20,  1796;  was  educated  at  Hampden  Sidney 
College;  studied  law,  and  removed  to  North  Caro 
lina,  where  he  took  a  high  position  in  his  profession; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1826  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court; 
held  the  office  until  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  in  1835;  resigned  his  seat  in  1840,  having  re 
ceived  from  his  State  instructions  incompatible  with 
his  ideas  of  duty;  was  subsequently  appointed  So 
licitor  for  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  the  State; 
toward  the  close  of  his  life  was  wholly  devoted  to 
his  profession;  was  the  author  of  a  novel,  printed  for 
private  circulation,  entitled  "Eoneguski;  or.  the 
Cherokee  Chief."  Died  in  1854. 

Stratton,  Charles  O.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey 
in  1796;  was  an  active  politician;  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representa 


tive  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  from  1837  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843;  was  a  candidate 
for  election  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress,  but, 
although  he  appeared  with  a  certificate  under  the 
the  broad  seal  of  his  State,  was  not  admitted ;  was 
a  member  of  the  "Constitutional  Convention  "  of 
1844,  and  Governor  of  New  Jersey  from  1844  to  1848, 
after  which  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  Gloucester 
County,  where  he  died,  March  30,  1859. 

Stratton,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1801  to  1803. 

Stratton,  John  L.  N.;  was  born  at  Mount 
Holly,  New  Jersey,  in  1817;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1836;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1839;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  Jersey  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Elections, 
and  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the 
Rebellious  States;  was  re-elected"  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Ways 
and  Means,  and  on  National  Armories;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866. 

Stratton,  Nathan  T.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1855. 

Straub,  Christian  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Strawbridge,  James  D.;  was  born  in  Montour 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1824;  received  a  good  edu 
cation  at  Princeton  College,  graduating  in  1844; 
graduated  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania  in  1847;  practiced  medicine  at  Danville; 
entered  the  Army  as  a  Brigade-Surgeon  of  Volun 
teers,  and  served  throughout  the  war;  was  captured 
while  medical  Director  of  the  Eighteenth  Army 
Corps  in  front  of  Richmond,  and  remained  three 
months  in  Libby  Prison;  resumed  the  practice  of 
medicine  after  the  close  of  the  war;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Civil  Service 
and  Invalid  Pensions. 

Street,  Randall  S.;  was  born  in  Catskill,  New 
York,  in  1780;  after  receiving  a  good  education, 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of  the  profes 
sion  at  Poughkeepsie;  in  1810  was  appointed  District 
Attorney  for  the  State,  and  was  re-appointed  in  1813; 
soon  afterwards,  as  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel, 
served  in  the  army  during  the  war  with  England; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  occupied  a  high  position  as 
such;  Avas  promoted  to  the  rank  of  General  of  the 
Militia;  in  1823  removed  to  Monticello,  in  Sullivan 
County,  where  he  continued  to  reside,  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1841.  He  was  the  father  of  the  gifted  poet,  Alfred  B. 
Street,  and  a  relative,  also,  of  Augustus  R.  Street, 
who  founded  the  Fine  Art  Gallery  of  Yale  College. 

Streeter,  F.  B.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  in 
1854  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  Solicitor  of 
the  United  States  Treasury,  remaining  in  office  until 
1857. 

Strickland,  O.  P.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Utah;  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  that  Territory. 

Strickland,  Randolph  ;  was  born  at  Danville, 
Steuben  County,  New  York,  February  4,  1823;  re» 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


483 


ceived  a  common  school  education;  engaged  in 
teaching;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1844;  studied  law; 
came  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Clinton  County  in  1852,  1854,  1856,  1858,  and 
1862;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1861  and 
1862;  was  a  Provost  Marshal  from  1863  to  1865;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Republican  Committee;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Conventions  of  1856  and 
1868;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to 
the  Forty -first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Invalid  Pensions,  and  Mines  and  Mining. 

Strohm,  John  ;  was  born  October  16,  1793,  in 
Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  what  is  now 
Fulton  Township;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  taught  school  for  six  years;  in  1831  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his  native  State,  serv 
ing  three  sessions  in  the  House  and  eight  in  the 
Senate,  during  one  term  as  Speaker;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for  a 
second  term  ending  in  1849;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Strong1,  Caleb ;  was  born  in  Northampton,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  January,  1745;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1764;  in  consequence  of  poor  health  did  not 
commence  the  practice  of  law  for  eight  years  after 
wards;  passed  his  life  at  Northampton,  where  his 
paternal  ancestors  had  lived  from  the  year  1659;  in 
1775  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  in 
1780  was  chosen  one  of  the  Council  of  Massachusetts: 
in  1779  assisted  in  forming  the  Constitution  of  that 
State:  in  1787  also  assisted  in  forming  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  but  did  not  sign  that  in 
strument;  from  1789  to  1797  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress;  from  1800  to  1807  was  Governor  of  the  State; 
also  from  1812  to  1816;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1809;  was  a  man  of  unimpeachable  moral  character, 
and  possessed  a  vigorous  and  well-cultivated  mind. 
Died  November  7,  1819. 

Strong,  James ;  was  born  in  Windham.  Connecti 
cut,  in  1783;  graduated  at  the  University  of  Ver 
mont  in  1806;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1823  to  1831.  Died  in  Chester,  New  Jersey,  August 
8,  1847. 

Strong,  Jedediah ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1782  to 
1784. 

Strong,  Julius  L.;  was  born  at  Bolton,  County 
of  Tolland,  Connecticut,  November  8,  1828;  went 
through  a  course  of  studies  at  Union  College,  but  did 
not  graduate,  and  attended  the  Law  School  at  Balls- 
ton,  in  New  York;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in 
J853.  and  settled  in  Hartford;  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  Legislature  for  two  years;  in  1859  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  \ 
jForty-First  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress.  Died  in  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
September  7,  1872. 

Strong,  Selah  B.;  was  born  in  Brookhaven, 
Lone  Island.  May  1,  1792;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1811;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1814;  was  at  one  time  Attorney  for  Suffolk  County; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1845; 
in  1847  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  York. 

Strong,  Solomon;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Massachusetts  from  1815  to  1819;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1812,  1813, 
1843  and  1844;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  from  1818  to  1842.  Died  September  6,  1850, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 


Strong,  Stephen;  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1845  to  1847. 

Strong,  Theron  R.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York  from  Wayne 
County  in  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1839  to  1841. 

Strong,  William ;  was  born  in  Windham  Coun 
ty,  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Vermont  from  1811  to  1815,  and  again  from 
1819  to  1821;  was,  for  eight  years,  Sheriff  of  Hart 
ford  County;  was  Judge  of  the  same  County;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  for  eight  years. 

Strong,  William ;  was  born  at  Somers,  Tolland 
County,  Connecticut,  May  6,  1808;  was  educated  at 
Plainfield  Academy,  and  at  Yale  College;  after 
graduating,  in  1828,  taught  school  in  Connecticut, 
and  in  New  Jersey,  meanwhile  studying  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Philadelphia  in  1832,  and  soon 
after  began  to  practice  law  in  Reading,  Berks  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania;  was  elected  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirtieth  and  Thirty-first  Congresses;  on  retiring 
from  Congress,  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  which  he  continued  until  1857.  when  he  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsyl 
vania  for  fifteen  years;  resigned  that  position  in 
1868  and  returned  to  the  bar;  in  1870  was  appointed 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States;  in  1867  received  from  Lafayette  College  i 
the  degree  of  LL.D..  and  the  same  honor  from  Yale 
College  and  the  College  of  New  Jersey. 

Strong,  William;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was 
an  early  emigrant  to  the  Territory  of  Washington, 
and  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United 
States  for  that  Territory. 

Strother,  George  F.;  was  a  native  of  Culpepper 
County.  Virginia;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1817 
to  1820,  when  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

Strother,  James  F.;  was  born  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  September  4,  1811;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  served  ten  years  in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia, 
and  was  Speaker  during  the  sessions  of  1847  and 
1848;  in  1850  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  present  Constitution  of  the  State;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1851  to  1853.  Died 
in  Culpepper  County,  September  20,  1860. 

Strouse,  Myer  ;  was  born  in  Germany,  Decem 
ber  16,  1825;  came,  with  his  father,  to  the  United 
States  in  1832,  and  settled  in  Pottsville,  Pennsyl 
vania;  received  an  academic  education  and  studied 
law;  from  1848  to  1852  edited  a  newspaper  in  Phila 
delphia  called  the  North  American  farmer,  after 
which  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  ;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Territories,  Expenses  in  the  Interior 
Department,  and  Mines  and  Mining. 

Struble,  Isaac  H.;  was  born  near  Fredericks- 
burg,  Virginia,  November  3,  1843 ;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Ohio  in  1847,  and  to  Iowa  City,  Iowa, 
in  1857;  received  a  common  school  education,  and 
attended  the  Iowa  University  one  year;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  throughout  the  war  of  the  Rebellion; 
studied  law  in  Illinois,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 


434 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


at  Polo,  in  that  State,  in  1870;  in  1872  removed  to 
Le  Mars,  Iowa,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Strudwick,  William  E.;  was  a  Representative 
>  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1796  to  1797. 

Stuart,  Alexander;  was  appointed  an  Asso 
ciate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Terri 
tory  of  Illinois  in  1809,  and  in  1814  was  transferred 
to  a  similar  position  in  the  Territory  of  Missouri. 

Stuart,  Alexander  H.  H.;  was  born  in  Staun- 
tou,  Virginia,  April  2,  1807;  his  early  education  was 
received  at  the  Staunton  Academy,  and  in  1824  he 
spent  one  session  at  William  and  Mary  College;  then 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  which  he  finished  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  in  1828,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  Staunton  in  that  year;  his  politi 
cal  career  began  as  a  member  of  the  "  Young  Men's 
Convention"  in  Washington,  in  1832;  in  1836  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  of  Vir 
ginia,  from  the  County  of  Augusta,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1837  and  1838;  in  1839  declined  a  re-election,  and 
pursued  the  practice  of  law;  took  an  active  part  in 
the  canvass  of  1840  for  President  Harrison ;  in  1841 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  until  1843;  in  1844  delivered  the 
annual  address  before  the  American  Institute  in  New 
York  City;  was  Presidential  Elector  on  the  Clay 
ticket  in  1844,  having  been,  from  the  outset  of  life,  a 
devoted  personal  friend  of  that  statesman;  was  also 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  in  1850  was  invited.  | 
by  President  Fillmore,  to  fill  the  office  of  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  which  he  held  until  1853,  and  then 
returned  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Staunton ; 
in  1856  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  nom 
inated  Mr.  Fillmore  for  the  Presidency;  in  1857  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  Virginia  for  four  years, 
and  devoted  himself  especially  to  the  subject  of  in 
ternal  improvements;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Phila 
delphia  "National  Union  Convention"  in  1866. 

Stuart,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
•was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Stuart,  Archibald ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1839. 

Stuart,  Charles  E.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  November  25,  1810;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was  a  member  of  the  Michi 
gan  Legislature  in  1842;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirtieth  and  Thirty-second  Congresses;  in  1853  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  six  years,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866. 

Stuart,  David;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Michigan  from  1853 
to  18.35. 

Stuart,  John  T.;  was  born  in  Fayette  County 
Kentucky,  November  10,  1807;  graduated  at  the 
Centre  College,  Danville,  in  1826;  having  studied 
law,  settled  in  Illinois,  where  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession;  in  1832  and  1834  was  a  member  of  the  Illi 
nois  Legislature;  was  elected  a  P  'presentative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories- 
in  1848  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four 


years;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs. 

Stuart,  Philip ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland,  from  1811  to  1819. 

Sturgeon,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
October  27,  1789;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1840  to  1851,  serving  on  several 
Committees;  in  1853  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Treasurer  at  Philadelphia. 


Sturgis,  Jonathan  ;  was  born  at  Fairfield,  Con 
necticut,  August  23,  1740;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1759,  and  became  a  lawyer;  in  1775  was  chosen  a 
Delegate  to  Congress;  espoused  and  supported  the 
cause  of  Independence;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1789  to  1793,  when  he  was  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut;  con 
tinued  in  that  office  until  1805;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1797  and  1805;  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Yale  College.  Died  at  Fair- 
field,  October  4,  1819.  The  prominent  merchant  of 
New  York,  bearing  the  same  name,  was  his  grand 
son 

Sturgis,  Lewis  Burr;  was  born  at  Fairfield, 
Connecticut,  in  1762;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1782;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1805  to  1817;  subsequently  emigrated 
to  the  State  of  Ohio.  Died  in  Norwalk,  Ohio,  March 
30,  1844. 

Sullivan,  George ;  was  born  in  Durham,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1772;  graduated  at  Harvard  Univers 
ity  in  1790;  commenced,  in  early  life,  the  practice  of 
law  at  Exeter,  which  he  continued  for  more  than 
forty  years,  and  acquired  a  high  reputation ;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  General  Court  in  1805  and 
1813;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1811  and 
1812;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1814  and 
1815;  was  twenty-one  years  Attorney-General  of  the 
State,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1836.  Died  in 
Exeter,  June  14,  1838,  highly  esteemed  for  his  tal 
ents  and  public  usefulness. 

Sullivan,  James ;  was  born  at  Berwick,  Massa 
chusetts  (now  Maine),  April  22,  1744;  was  educated 
by  his  father;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  settled  at 
Biddeford,  and  was  King's  Attorney  for  the  Co  .nty 
of  York;  took  an  active  part  on  the  side  of  his  coun 
try  during  the  Revolution;  in  1775  was  a  member  of 
the  Provincial  Congress;  in  1776  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  1782;  was  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  Judge  of  Probate;  in  1790 
was  appointed  Attorney-General,  which  office  he  re 
tained  till  1807,  when  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State;  was  the  author  of  a  "  History  of  Maine," 
a  "  Dissertation  on  Banks,  and  on  the  Suability  of 
States, "  "  History  of  Land  Titles  in  Massachusetts, ' ' 
a  "Dissertation  on  the  Constitutional  Liberty  of  the 
Press,"  and  a  "History  of  the  Penobscot  Indians." 
Died  December  10,  1808.  Had  the  title  of  LL.D. 

Sullivan,  John;  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
February  17,  1740;  settled  in  New  Hampshire  as  a 
lawyer;  attained  the  rank  of  Major-General  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army;  was  captured  at  the  battle  of 
Long  Island;  commanded  a  division  at  Trenton, 
Brandywine,  and  Germantown,  and  also  an  expedi 
tion  against  the  Indians;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1774  and 
1775,  and  again  in  1780  and  1781;  was,  for  three 
years,  President  of  New  Hampshire;  in  1789  was  ap- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


4R5 


poiiited  a  Judge  of  the  District  Court,  which  office  he 
held  until  his  death.     Died  January  23,  1795. 

Sullivan,  Peter  J.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ohio;  from 
1867  to  1869  held  the  position  of  Minister  Resident  to 
Colombia;  in  1868,  in  concert  with  Caleb  Cushing, 
was  instructed  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  that  coun 
try  for  a  ship  canal  across  the  Isthmus.  Died  March  ! 
2, 1883. 

Summers,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Fairfax 
County,  Virginia,  near  Alexandria;  lived  from  in 
fancy  in  Kanawha  County,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State;  was  educated  for  the  legal  profession,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1827;  in  1830  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and  continued  to  rep 
resent  Kanawha  County  in  the  Legislature  for  sev 
eral  years;  was  elected  to  the  National  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  in  the  spring  of  1841,  and  re-elected  in 
1843,  serving  throughout  the  Twenty-seventh  and 
Twenty-eighth  Congresses;  in  1850  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention  which  framed  the 
present  Constitution  of  Virginia;  in  1851  was  unani 
mously  nominated  as  the  Whig  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  at  the  first  election  of  the  Governor  by  the 
people,  that  officer  having  been  previously  chosen  by 
the  Legislature,  but  was  defeated;  in  May,  1852.  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Eighteenth  Judicial  Circuit  in 
Virginia;  having  served  in  that  capacity  for  six 
years,  resigned  July  1,  1858,  there  being  two  years 
of  the  term  for  which  he  had  been  elected  unexpired; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861. 


Sumner,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  January  6,  1811;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1-30;  spent  the  three  succeeding  years 
at  the  Cambridge  Law  School;  for  three  years  had 
editorial  charge  of  the  American  Jurist;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1834,  and  settled  in  Boston;  was  subse 
quently  the  Reporter  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court,  and  published  three  volumes,  which  now  bear 
his  name;  was,  for  three  winters,  a  teacher  at  the 
Cambridge  Law  School ;  soon  afterwards  edited 
"Dunlap's  Treatise  on  Admiralty  Practice";  about 
this  time  declined  a  Professorship  tendered  to  him  by 
bis  Alma  Mater;  in  1837  visited  Europe;  was  received 
with  marked  attention  in  England,  and  remained 
abroad  until  1840;  during  the  years  1844  to  1846  pro 
duced  an  edition  of  "  Vesey's  Reports,"  in  twenty 
volumes;  from  that  time  onward  frequently  appeared 
in  public  as  a  speaker  on  various  philanthropic  and 
literary  subjects,  and  two  volumes  of  his  orations 
were  published  in  1850;  in  1851  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts;  in  1856,  for 
words  uttered  in  debate  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  was 
assaulted  at  his  desk  in  the  Senate  Chamber,  by 
Preston  S.  Brooks,  a  Representative  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  the  effects  of  which  his  health  suffered, 
and  he  again  visited  Europe,  having  been,  just  before 
his  departure,  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  a  second 
term;  in  1853  published  a  work  on  "  White  Slavery 
in  the  Barbary  States,"  and  in  1856  a  volume  of 
"Speeches  and  Addresses";  in  1863  was  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  for  the  third  term,  ending  in  1809, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  and  on  several  other  important  committees; 
was  also  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  ap 
pointed  to  accompany  the  remains  of  President  Lin 
coln  to  Illinois;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  March  11,  1874. 

Sumner,  Charles  A.;  was  born  at  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Massachusetts,  August  2,  1835;  was  edu 
cated  at  Cheshire  Episcopal  Academy,  and  at  Trinity 
College,  Connecticut;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 


to  the  bar,  but  devoted  himself  almost  exclusively  to 
shorthand  reporting  and  editorial  duties;  served  in 
the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  aa 
Assistant  Quartermaster  United  States  Volunteers, 
and  as  Colonel  of  the  First  Nevada  Infantry;  was  a 
member  of  the  Nevada  Senate  from  1864  to  1868; 
President  of  the  Senate  in  1868;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  California  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Sumner,  Daniel  H. ;  was  born  at  Malone,  New 
York,  September  15,  1837;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1843;  received  a  common  school  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868;  in  that 
year  removed  to  Oconomowoc,  Wisconsin,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1871  settled  at  Wau- 
kesha,  Wisconsin;  in  1875  was  elected  District  At 
torney  and  served  two  years;  was  unanimously  re- 
nominated,  but  declined  further  service;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Sumner,  Increase  ;  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  November  27,  1746 ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1767;  taught  school  at  Roxbury  two 
years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1770;  commenced  practice  in  Roxbury;  became  suc 
cessful,  and  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  was  a 
State  Representative  from  1776  to  1780;  a  State  Sena 
tor  from  1780  to  1782;  an  Associate  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  from  1782  to  1797;  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1779:  in 
1789  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  for  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Federal  Constitution;  was  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  from  1797  to  1799.  Died  June  7, 
1799. 

Sumter,  Thomas  ;  was  a  distinguished  soldier 
of  the  American  Revolution;  was  a  citizen  of  South 
Carolina;  was  promoted,  by  Governor  Rutledge,  in 
1780,  from  the  office  of  Colonel  to  that  of  Brigadier- 
General;  for  his  services  received  the  thanks  of  Con 
gress,  and  the  applause  of  his  country;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1789 
to  1793,  and  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating 
the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac;  in  1801  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  until  1809, 
when  he  was  appointed  Minister  to  Brazil;  after 
spending  two  years  abroad,  returned  home  and  was 
again  elected  to  the  Senate.  Died  suddenly  June  1, 
1832,  at  Strasburg,  aged  ninety-seven  years.  The 
naming  of  Fort  Sumter  was  a  tribute  to  his  memory. 

Sumter,  Thomas  D.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
South  Carolina  from  1840  to  1843. 

Sutherland,  Jabez  G.;  was  born  in  Onondaga 
County,  New  York,  October  6,  1825;  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  Michigan  in  1836;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1848;  in  1849  settled  in  Saginaw 
City,  and  was  made  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  that 
County;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1850;  in  1853  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  during  the  next  ten  years  was  wholly 
devoted  to  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1858  waa 
the  unsuccessful  Democratic  candidate  for  the  office 
of  Attorney-General;  in  1863  was  elected  Circuit 
Judge  of  the  Tenth  Circuit,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1869  without  opposition;  his  Circuit 
was,  for  a  time,  the  largest  in  the  State,  and  his  writ 
ten  decisions  would  fill  many  volumes;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  in 
August,  1870,  was.  contrary  to  his  wishes,  elected  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Naval  Affairs. 


486 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Sutherland,  Joel  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Philadelphia  County,  Pennsylvania, 
from  1827  to  1837,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce  during  the  Twenty-fourth  Congress. 
Died  in  Philadelphia,  November  15,  1861. 

Sutherland,  Josiah ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
jwas  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-second  Congress;  was  subsequently  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State. 

Swain,  David  Lowry;  was  born  near  Ashville, 
North  Carolina,  January  4,  1801;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1823,  and  soon  entered  upon  a  lucrative  prac 
tice;  in  1824  was  elected  to  represent  Buncombe 
County  in  the  House  of  Commons  of  the  State;  in 
1831  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
from  1832  to  1835  was  Governor  of  the  State;  from 
that  time  until  his  death  was  President  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina;  published  (i  British 
Invasion  of  North  Carolina  in  1776,"  8vo,  185:5, 
and  contributed  many  valuable  papers  on  the  His 
tory  of  North  Carolina  to  the  University  Magazine. 
Died  at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  September  3, 
1868. 

Swan,  John  ;  was  a  Delegate  from  North 
Carolina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1787  to 
1788. 

Swan,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
New  Jersey  in  1771;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1821  to  1831.  Died  at 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  August  24,  1844. 

Swann,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Alexandria,  Vir 
ginia;  was  educated  at  Columbia  College,  and  the 
University  of  Virginia;  studied  law  with  his  father 
in  Washington;  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Nea 
politan  Commission;  in  1834  settled  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland;  two  years  afterward  was  chosen  a  Director 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  Company;  in 
1847  was  chosen  President  of  the  same,  which  office 
he  resigned  in  1853;  was  also  President  of  the  North 
western  Virginia  Railroad  Company,  disbursing  in 
behalf  of  the  two  roads  about  thirteen  million  dol 
lars;  after  a  sojourn  in  Europe,  was.  in  1856,  elected 
Mayor  of  Baltimore;  was  re-elected  in  1858;  was  the 
originator  of  the  Druid  Hill  Park  in  that  city;  eman 
cipated  his  slaves  before  the  Rebellion;  continued  a 
Union  man  during  the  war;  in  1863  was  elected 
President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Baltimore; 
in  1864  was  elected  Governor  of  Maryland;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  but  declined  to 
leave  the  Executive  chair;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Private  Land 
Claims,  and  Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
three  subsequent  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Appropriations  and  others  of  importance;  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died  July  24,  Ir^rf3. 

Swanwick,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1798;  resigned 
before  the  expiration  of  his  second  term. 

Swart,  Peter ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1807  to  1809;  was  a  State  Sena 
tor  from  18 17  to  1820. 

Swayne,  Noah  H.;  was  born  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  December  27,  1804;  while  per 
forming  the  duties  of  a  clerk  in  an  apothecary  store 
in  Alexandria,  acquired  the  rudiments  of  an  English 


and  classical  education,  and  prepared  himself  for  the 
medical  profession;  began  the  study  of  law,  at  \Var- 
reuton;  after  his  admission  to  the  bar,  in  1824,  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  settled  atCoshocton;  in  1829  wan 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  in  1830  wau 
appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Ohio, 
holding  that  position  nine  years,  and  residing  in  Co 
lumbus;  in  1834  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  but  declined  the  office;  in  1836  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  took  part 
in  organizing  Institutions  or  Asylums  for  the  benefit 
of  the  blind,  the  insane,  and  the  deaf  and  dumb  of  the 
State;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Swearingen,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio 
from  1839  to  1841. 

Swearing-en,  Thomas  V.;  was  born  in  Jeffer 
son  County,  Virginia;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1822.  when 
he  died  in  Virginia. 

Sweat,  Lorenzo  D.  M.;  was  born  at  Parson ville, 
York  County,  Maine,  May  26.  1818;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1837,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School  in  1840;  during  the  next  two  years  practiced 
law  in  New  Orleans;  in  1856  and  1860  was  a  City 
Solicitor  in  Portland;  in  1862  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maine  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  ''National  Union  Convention"  of 
1866. 

Sweeney,  W.  N.;  was  born  in  Kentucky,  May  5, 
1832;  received  a  good  education;  studied  law;  came 
to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  that  pro 
fession;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

Sweeny,  Gaorg-3  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

Sweetser,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Vermont; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from 
1819  to  1853. 

Swift,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Amenia,  New 
York,  April  5,  1781;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
Bennington  in  1806;  lived,  for  a  time,  in  Manchester, 
and  subsequently  in  St.  Albans,  where  he  rose  to 
eminence  in  his  profession ;  in  1813,  1814,  1825,  and 
182;i,  was  a  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from 
1827  to  1831;  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Mid 
dlebury  College  in  1820,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Corporation  of  that  institution  from  1830  to  1839;  in 
1K33  was  elected  to  the  Seriate  of  the  United  States 
for  six  years,  after  which  he  retired  to  private  life; 
while  in  apparently  good  health,  died  suddenly,  in 
an  open  field  on  his  farm,  November  11,  1847. 

Swift,  Zephaniah;  was  born  at  Wareham, 
Massachusetts,  in  1759;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1778,  and  established  himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Wind- 
ham,  Connecticut,  where  his  superior  talents  gained 
him  a  lucrative  practice;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1793  to  1797;  in  1800 
was  Secretary  to  Ellisworth,  Davie,  and  Murray,  in 
their  mission  to  France;  soon  after  his  return  was 
placed  on  the  Bench  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
State,  where  he  continued  eighteen  years,  during  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


4H7 


last  five  of  which  he  was  Chief  Justice;  was  after 
wards  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
one  of  the  Committee  to  revise  the  Statute  Laws  o 
the  State;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Hartford  Conven 
tion";  published  several  works;  among  them  was  a 
"  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Connecticut,  on  the  model  o 
Blackstone."  Died  at  Warren,  Ohio,  September  27 
1823. 

Swinburne,  John;  was  born  at  Deer  River, 
Lewis  County,  New  York,  May  30,  1820;  received  e 
common  school  and  academic  education;  graduated 
from  the  Albany  Medical  College,  at  Albany,  New 
York,  in  the  spring  of  1847,  and  commenced  practice 
at  Albany  as  a  physician  and  surgeon;  in  1861  was 
appointed  chief  medical  officer  on  the  staff  of  General 
John  F.  Rathbone,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  depot 
for  recruits  at  Albany;  in  May,  1862,  was  appointed, 
by  Governor  Morgan,  Auxiliary  Volunteer  Surgeon 
at  the  front,  with  the  rank  of  Medical  Superintendent, 
and  was  re-appointed  June  13,  by  Governor  Seymour; 
was  appointed  Surgeon  by  the  Surgeon-General  of  the 
Uni  ted  States,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Savage's  Station ; 
was  taken  prisoner  June  29,  1862;  in  1861  was  appoint 
ed,  by  Governor  Seymour,  Health  Officer  of  the  port  of 
New  York;  was  re-appointed  by  Governor  Fenton,  in 
1866,  holding  the  position  six  years;  was  in  charge 
of  the  American  Ambulance  Corps  during  the  siege 
of  Paris,  France,  by  the  Prussians,  in  1870  and  1871; 
in  1882  was  elected  Mayor  of  Albany;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Swing,  Philip  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  resided  at 
Batavia,  in  that  State,  whence  he  was,  in  1871,  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Southern  Dis 
trict  of  Ohio. 

Switzler,  William  Franklin  ;  was  born  in 
Fayette  County,  Kentucky,  March  16,  1819;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Missouri  in  1826;  was  educated  at 
Mount  Forest  Academy;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  at  Columbia,  in  1841 ;  in  that  year  became 
editor  of  a  paper  called  the  Patriot;  in  1843,  estab 
lished  the  Missouri  Statesman;  in  1846  and  1848  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  again  elected  in 
1856;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  of 
I860;  in  1862  was  appointed  Military  Secretary  of 
State  for  Arkansas,  under  the  Military  Governor, 
John  S.  Phelps;  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln.  Provost  Marshal  in  Missouri;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Missouri  Constitutional  Convention  of  1865; 
in  1866,  unsuccessfully  contested  the  seat,  in  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  of  George  W.  Anderson;  in  1868 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress;  in  March, 
1868,  and  January.  1869,  the  Committee  on  Elections, 
with  only  one  dissenting  voice,  declared  him  entitled 
to  a  seat  in  the  Fortieth  Congress,  but  the  House,  by 
a  vote  of  fifty-five  to  eighty-nine,  rejected  his  claim; 
in  1875  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Missouri  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  in  1885  was  appointed 
Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  at  Washington 
City. 

Swoops,  Jacob  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1809  to  1811. 

Swope,  John  A.;  was  born  at  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  December  25,  1827;  graduated  from 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1847 ;  studied 
medicine,  but  relinquished  the  practice  after  a  few 
years  in  order  to  engage  in  mercantile  pursuits;  be 
came  President  of  the  Gettysburg  National  Bank  in 
1879;  also  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  agricultural 
pursuits;  in  1882  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress  to  fill  the 


unexpired  term  of  Hon.  William  A.  Duncan;    waa 
I  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Swrope,  Samuel  F.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1855  to  1857. 

Sykes,  George  ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Sykes,  James ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Delaware 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1778;  held 
various  important  positions  in  the  State,  before  and 
after  the  Revolution. 

Symes,  George  G.;  was  bom  in  Ash  tabula 
County,  Ohio,  April  28,  1840;  removed,  with  his  par 
ents,  to  La  Crosse  County.  Wisconsin,  in  1852;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  in  1860  began  the  study  of 
the  law;  before  completing  his  course,  in  April,  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army ;  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run ;  on  his  recovery,  he  returned  to 
service,  but  was  soon  afterwards  attacked  by  lung 
fever,  and  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  ser 
vice;  returning  home,  he  resumed  his  law  studies;  in 
May,  1862,  he  raised  a  Volunteer  Company  and  re- 
entered  the  service  as  Adjutant  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
Regiment  of  Wisconsin  Volunteers;  in  1863  was  pro 
moted  Captain;  near  Decatur,  Alabama,  was  again 
wounded,  and  was  again  sent  home;  as  soon  as  he 
recovered  from  his  wound  he  returned  to  duty  with 
the  promotion  of  Colonel  of  the  Forty-fourth  Wis 
consin  Regiment;  in  1865  was,  for  some  time  prior  to 
being  mustered  out  of  the  service,  in  command  of 
the  forces  at  Paducah,  Kentucky;  engaged  in  restor 
ing  the  operation  of  the  civil  law;  on  being  mustered 
out  of  the  service,  he  began  the  practice  of  law  at 
Paducah;  in  1868  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for 
Congress;  in  1869  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant, 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Mon 
tana;  in  1871  resigned,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  locating  at  Helena,  Montana;  in  1874 
removed  to  Denver,  Colorado,  where  he  continued  to 
practice  law;  in  1884  was  elected  the  Representative 
from  Colorado  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Symmes,  John  Cleves  ;  was  born  on  Long  Is 
land,  July  21,  1742;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  Delaware  in  1785  and  1786; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Jersey; 
was  afterwards  Chief  Justice  of  New  Jersey;  in  1788 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Northwest  Territory, 
and  was  founder  of  the  settlements  in  the  Miami 
country. 

Sypher,  J.  Hale  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
July  22,  1837;  received  a  liberal  education,  and  stud 
ied  law;  entered  the  army  in  1861  as  a  private  sol 
dier,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  on 
being  mustered  out  of  military  service,  in  1865,  was 
\dmitted  to  the  bar,  but  devoted  himself  to  planting 
n  Louisiana;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Militia;  was  re-elected  to  the  three  suc 
ceeding  Congresses,  serving  on  various  Committees. 

Taber,  Stephen  ;  was  born  in  Dover,  Dutchesa 
County,  New  York,  (his  father,  Thomas  Taber,  also 
served  in  Congress) ;  received  a  good  academic  edu 
cation;  in  1839  settled  in  Queen's  County,  on  Long 
island,  and  engaged  in  farming;  in  1860  and  1861 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1864  waa 
lected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Jublic  Lands;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 


488 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Taber,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  New  York,  May 
19,  1785;  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits;  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature  in  1826;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from 
1827  to  1829.  Died  March  21,  1862. 

Tabert,  Alfred,  T.  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Dela 
ware;  in  1869  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Salvador,  where  he  remained  until  1871,  when  he 
was  appointed  Consul-General  to  Havana. 

Tabor,  Horace  A.  W.;  was  born  at  Holland, 
Vermont,  November  26,  1830;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  learned  the  trade  of  a  stone-cutter 
in  Massachusetts;  removed  to  Kansas  in  1855,  and 
thence  to  Colorado  in  1859;  became  a  merchant;  was 
Mayor  of  Lead ville  in  1878  and  1879;  was  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor  of  Colorado  from  1879  to  1883;  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Colorado 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  Henry  M.  Teller,  resigned, 
serving  from  February  1,  to  March  3,  1883. 

Tabor,  Stephen  J.  W.;  was  born  at  Corinth, 
Vermont,  August  5,  1815;  became  an  orphan  in  his 
eleventh  year;  received  an  academic  education ;  com 
menced  active  life  by  teaching  school;  wrote  for  the 
press,  and  published  a  work  translated  from  the 
French;  connected  himself  with  a  paper  called  the 
Beacon,  in  New  York  City,  and  also  with  the  Sun;  in 
1837  removed  to  Ashfield,  Massachusetts,  and  studied 
medicine:  then  had  charge  of  a  newspaper  at  North 
ampton  ;  graduated  at  the  College  of  Physicians  in 
New  York  in  1840,  and  practiced  his  profession  until 
1855;  in  the  latter  year  removed  to  Iowa,  and  pub 
lished  a  paper  called  the  Civilian;  served  several 
years  as  a  County  Judge,  and  also  as  County  Treas 
urer  and  Recorder;  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury;  was 
fond  of  books;  possessed  a  fine  library,  and  an  un 
surpassed  collection  of  books  on  Tobacco,  Tea  and 
Coffee. 

Taffe,  John  ;  was  born  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
January  30,  1827;  received  a  classical  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  after  a  brief  resi 
dence  in  Illinois,  removed  to  Nebraska  Territory  in 
1856;  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature  in 
1858  and  1859:  in  1860  was  elected  to  the  Council, 
and  in  the  winter  of  1861  was  made  President  of  that 
body;  in  I«(i2  raised  a  regiment  of  cavalry  for  ser 
vice  against  the  Indians,  and  was  made  a  Major,  in 
which  capacity  he  fought  at  the  buttle  of  White 
Stone  Hills,  in  1863;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  the  new  State  of  Nebraska  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Territories  and  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serving  on 
various  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  that  on 
Territories;  in  1875  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Col 
orado 

Taft,  Alphonso ;  was  born  at  Townsend,  Ver 
mont,  Novembers,  1810;  graduated  from  Yale  Col 
lege  in  18)53;  was  a  tutor  at  the  Ellington  (Connecti 
cut)  High  School  for  two  years,  and  then,  for  two 
years,  tutor  at  Yale  College;  studied  law,  while 
teaching,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  New  Haven 
Connecticut,  in  1838;  in  1839  settled  at  Cincinnati,' 
Ohio,  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  member  of  the 
City  Council  for  three  years;  was,  for  twenty-five 
years,  a  member  of  the  Union  Board  of  High  Schools- 
also  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Cincinnati,  and  of  the  Corporation  of  Yale 
College,  from  which  latter  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  18f>7;  was  an  unsuccess- 
fnl  candidate  for  Congress  in  1856;  in  1866  was  ap 


pointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  Bench  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Cincinnati;  was  elected  to  that  position, 
and  was  re-elected  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  both 
political  parties;  resigned  in  1872  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  law;  in  March,  1876,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Grant,  Secretary  of  War;  in  the  succeed 
ing  May  became  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States;  in  1877,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office, 
resumed  practice;  in  1882  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Arthur,  United  States  Minister  to  Austria. 

Tagg-art,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Londonderry, 
Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1774;  studied  for  the  ministry,  and  settled  in  Cole- 
raine  in  1777;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Massachusetts,  serving  from  1803  to  1817. 
Died  in  1825,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Tait,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Louisa  County,  Vir 
ginia;  removed,  at  an  early  age,  to  Georgia;  was,  for 
several  years,  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Geor 
gia;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1809  to  1819;  distinguished  himself  as  a  supporter  of 
the  administrations  of  Madison  and  Monroe;  in  1819 
removed  to  Alabama;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the 
District  Court,  when  first  established  in  that  State, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1826.  Died  in  Wilcox 
County,  Alabama,  October  7,  1835,  in  the  sixty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age. 

Talbot,  Isham ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Virginia,  in  1773;  received  a  good  education;  studied 
law,  and  practiced  with  success;  was  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Senate  from  1812  to  1815;  from  1815 
to  1819  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  for  a  second  term  from  1820  to  1825.  Died  near 
Frankfort,  September  27,  1837. 

Talbot,  J.  Fred.  C.;  was  born  in  Baltimore 
County,  Maryland,  July  29,  1843;  received  a  public 
school  education;  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
1862;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in  1864,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1866;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Balti 
more  County  from  1871  to  1875;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1876:  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  For 
ty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Talbot,  Mathew  ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1767; 
removed  to  Georgia  in  1785;  frequently  served  in  the 
Legislature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  'Constitutional 
Convention  of  Georgia;  was,  for  many  years,  in  the 
State  Senate,  and  officiated  as  President  of  that  body; 
was  acting  Governor  of  the  State  in  1819.  Died  in 
Wilkes  County,  September  17.  1827. 

Talbot,  Silas  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1793  to  1794,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Washington,  Captain  in  the 
Navy;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Assem 
bly  from  Montgomery  County. 

Talbot,  Thomas;  was  born  at  Cambridge,  Wash 
ington  County,  New  York,  September  7.  1818;  left  an 
orphan  at  the  age  of  six  years  and  in  straightened 
circumstances,  his  educational  advantages  were  lim 
ited;  in  1831  settled  at  Bill  erica,  Massachusetts,  and 
began  the  struggle  of  life  in  the  carding-room  of  a 
woolen  factory;  four  years  later  became  an  employe* 
in  the  broad-cloth  factory  of  his  elder  brothers,  at  the 
same  place;  at  the  age  of  twenty  became  overseer  in 
the  finishing-room;  attended  the  Cummington  Acad 
emy  during  the  winter  terms,  of  six  months  each,  of 
1838  and  1839;  in  1840  began  business  on  his  own 
account,  in  partnership  with  one  of  his  brothers,  and 
was  very  successful;  was  a  Representative  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


489 


Massachusetts  Legislature  for  a  number  of  years;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention; 
was  a  member  of  the  Governor's  Council  for  five 
years;  in  1872  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Massachusetts;  on  the  election  of  Governor  Wash- 
burn  e  to  the  United  States  Senate  became  Governor; 
in  1874  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor; 
in  1878  was  elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts.  Died 
at  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  October  6,  1886. 

Talbot,  Thomas  H.;  was  born  in  Maine;  edu 
cated  for  the  bar;  in  1869  was  appointed  Assistant 
Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  holding  the 
position  about  one  year. 

Talbott,  Albert  GK;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thir 
ty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department,  and  a  member  of  that  on  Roads  and 
Canals. 

Taliaferro,  Benjamin ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1799  to  1802.  Died 
September  3,  1821. 

Taliaferro,  John;  was  born  in  Spottsylvania 
County,  Virginia,  in  1768;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1801  to  1803,  from  1811 
to  1813,  from  1824  to  1831,  and  from  1835  to  1843; 
in  1805  and  1821  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  for  three 
years  before  his  death  was  Librarian  of  the  Treasury 
Department  in  Washington.  Died  at  his  residence 
in  Virginia,  August  18,  1853. 

Tallmadge,  Benjamin;  was  born  in  Suffolk 
County,  New  York,  February  25,  1754;  his  military 
services  were  very  valuable;  acted  a  prominent  part 
in  the  capture  of  Andre;  in  1780  planned  and  con 
ducted  the  expedition  which  resulted  in  the  capture 
of  Fort  George  and  the  destruction  of  the  British 
stores  on  Long  Island;  was  a  member  of  Washing 
ton's  military  family;  after  the  war,  having  attained 
the  rank  of  General,  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  acquired  a  large  property;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1801  to  1817;  was 
respected  for  his  public  services  and  private  char 
acter.  Died  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut,  March  6, 
1835. 

Tallmadge,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  in  Litch 
field,  Connecticut,  August  29,  1792;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1811;  having  studied  law,  settled  in 
practice  in  New  York  in  1814;  in  1836  was  elected  an 
Alderman  of  the  city,  and  also  a  State  Senator;  was 
subsequently,  for  five  years,  Recorder  of  the  City; 
was  a  Representative  from  New  York  in  the  Thirtieth 
Congress;  was  again  Recorder  for  three  years;  in 
1857  was  appointed  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Metropolitan  Police;  was  subsequently  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  was  the  son  of  Ben 
jamin  Tallmadge.  Died  in  Litchfield,  September  16, 
1869. 

Tallmadge,  James,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Stanford. 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  January  28,  1788; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1798;  was  by  pro 
fession  a  lawyer;  early  in  life  was  Private  Secretary 
to  Governor  Clinton,  and  during  the  War  of  1812 
commanded  a  portion  of  the  force  detailed  for  the 
defense  of  New  York  City;  from  1817  to  1819  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York ;  declined 
a  re-election:  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State;  in  1823  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  from  Dutchess  County;  from 
1825  to  1828  was  Lieutenant-Governor  under  General 


Clinton;  in  1846  was  a  member  of  the  "Constitu 
tional  Convention  "  of  New  York;  during  the  last 
twenty  years  of  his  life  was  President  of  the  Ameri 
can  Institute  in  New  York;  visited  Europe,  and  ben 
efited  the  United  States  by  his  introduction  of  Amer 
ican  machinery  into  Russia,  by  inducing  that  govern 
ment  to  adopt  it  in  their  manufacture  of  cotton 
goods;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  University  of 
New  York,  and  was  President  of  the  Council;  was 
honored  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  that  Institu 
tion.  Died  suddenly  in  New  York  City,  September 
29,  1853. 

Tallmadge,  Matthias  B.;  was  a  native  of  New 
York;  received  a  good  education,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  in  1805  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jefferson,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Nor 
thern  District  of  New  York. 

Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P.;  was  born  in  Chat 
ham,  Columbia  County,  New  York,  February  8,  1795; 
graduated  at  Union  College;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  was  a  meirber  of  the 
Assembly  of  New  York  in  1828;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate  from  1830  to  1833;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to  1844;  was 
subsequently  appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Ter 
ritorial  Governor  of  Wisconsin,  where  he  resided,  de 
voted  to  his  profession.  Died  at  Battle  Creek,  Mich 
igan,  November  2,  1864. 

Tallman,  Peleg ;  was  born  at  Tiverton,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1764;  in  1778,  at  the  age  of  fourteen, 
entered  the  privateering  service;  in  1780  had  his  left 
arm  shot  off;  in  1781  was  taken  prisoner,  and  was 
confined  in  Ireland  and  England  until  the  peace  of 
1783;  soon  afterwards  became  Commander  of  a  mer 
chant  vessel;  after  following  a  seafaring  life  for 
many  years,  devoted  himself  to  the  business  of  a 
merchant,  and  acquired  a  large  fortune;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1811  to  1813.  Died  at  Bath,  Maine,  March  8,  1841. 

Taney,  Roger  B.;  was  born  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland,  March  17,  1777;  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College  in  1795;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1799;  in  1801  was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly  and 
settled  at  Frederick;  subsequently  served  four  years 
in  the  State  Senate;  removed  to  Baltimore  in  1822; 
in  1827  was  chosen  Attorney-General  of  Maryland; 
in  1831  was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States  in  President  Jackson's  Cabinet;  was 
also  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  but  was  re 
jected  by  the  Senate;  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  but  was  again 
rejected  by  the  Senate;  in  1836  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  place  of  John 
Marshall,  which  office  he  filled  with  acknowledged 
ability  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  WTashing- 
ton  City,  October  12,  1864.  Some  of  his  decisions,  as 
a  Cabinet  officer  and  as  Chief  Justice,  excited  great 
interest  throughout  the  country.  His  life,  written 
by  his  personal  friend,  Samuel  Tyler,  and  published 
in  1872,  attracted  marked  attention,  and  was  con 
sidered  a  work  of  great  ability. 

Tanner,  A.  H.;  was  born  at  Granville,  Washing 
ton  County,  New  York,  May  23,  1833;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1853;  in  1862  entered  the 
volunteer  army  as  a  Captain;  as  Lieutenant-Colonel 
of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-third  Regiment  of 
Infantry,  served  until  the  close  of  the  war — first  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  subsequently  through 
out  the  Atlanta  Campaign  and  that  of  the  Carolinas; 
in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 


490 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  and  War  De 
partment. 

Tappan,  Benjamin;  was  born  at  Northampton! 
Massachusetts,  May  25,  1773;  was  taught  the  busi 
ness  of  copperplate  engraving  and  printing;  devoted 
some  attention  to  portrait-painting;  subsequently 
studied  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  in 
1799  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  there;  in  18U3  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  the  New  State;  served  in  the  War  of  1812  as  Aid- 
de-camp  to  General  Wads  worth;  was,  for  seven 
years,  President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Ohio  Circuit;  in 
1833  was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  United 
States  Judge  for  the  District  of  Ohio;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1839  to  1845,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Library;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1833.  Died  at  Steubeuville, 
Ohio,  April  12,  1857. 

Tappan,  Mason  W.;  was  born  at  Newport.  Sul 
livan  County,  New  Hampshire;  was  prepared  for  Col 
lege,  and  studied  law  as  a  profession;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1853,  1854,  and  1855;  was 
a  Representative  from  New  Hampshire  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
and  Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious 
States;  wasa  Delegate  to  the' Philadelphia  "Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866. 

Tarbox,  John  Kemble  ;  was  born  at  Methueu, 
Massachusetts,  May  0,  1838;  received  an  academic 
education;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860;  served  in 
the  Union  Army  in  the  Fourth  Regiment  of  Massa 
chusetts  Volunteers;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Massachusetts  in  186-<,  1870,and  1871,  and  of 
the  State  Senate  in  1872;  was  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
Lawrence  in  1873  and  1874;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts. 

Tarr,  Christian ;  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mary 
land;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from  1820  to 
1821. 

Tarsney,  Timothy  E.;  was  born  at  Ransom, 
Hillsdale  County,  Michigan,  February  4,  1849;  was 
educated  at  the  common  schools;  served  seven  years 
as  a  marine  engineer,  meantime  reading  law;  entered 
the  Law  Department  of  Michigan  University  in  1870 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1872;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  East 
Sagiuaw,  Michigan;  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
1873  and  1874;  was  City  Attorney  of  East  Saginaw 
from  1875  to  1878,  when  he  resigned;  served  as 
ex-officin  member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  during 
the  same  period;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Tate,  Magnus ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1815  to  1817;  resided  in 
Berkeley  County  of  that  State. 

Tate,  Thomas  M. ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in 
1857  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  Sixth  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury,  remaining  in  that  position  until 
1861. 

Tatnall,  Edward  F.;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Georgia  from  1821  to  1827. 

Tatnall,  Josiah  ;  was  born  at  Bonaventure.  near 
Savannah;  his  boyhood  was  full  of  adventure,  and  at 


the  age  of  eighteen  he  joined  the  army  of  General 
Wayne  at  Ebenezer;  in  1793  was  appointed  Colonel 
of  a  Georgia  Regiment,  and  in  1800  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral,  participating  extensively  in  the  military  affairs 
of  the  State,  and  serving  occasionally  in  the  Legisla 
ture;  also  served,  in  1796,  at  Louisville,  in  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  that  rescinded  the  Yazoo  Act  of  1795; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Georgia  from  1796  to 
1799.  Died  in  the  West  Indies  in  1804. 

Tatum,  Absalom ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  during  the  years  1795  and 
1796. 

Taul,  Micah;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1815  to  1817. 

Taulbee,  "William  Preston  ;  was  born  in  Mor 
gan  County,  Kentucky,  October  22,  1851;  was  edu 
cated  in  private  country  schools;  studied  for  the 
ministry  from  1875  to  1878,  and  for  the  law  from 
1878  to  1881;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1881;  re 
sided  at  Saylersville,  Kentucky;  in  1878  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  County  Court  of  Magoffin  County,  Ken 
tucky;  was  re-elected  in  1882;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Taunehill,  Adamson;  was  born  in  Frederick 
County.  Maryland,  in  1752;  served  as  Captain  of  a 
Rifle  Company  throughout  the  Revolutionary  War; 
removed  to  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  on  a  small 
farm  adjoining  Pittsburgh;  was  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Whisky  Insurrec 
tion,  and  firmly  opposed  that  outbreak;  served  as  a 
Brigadier-General  in  the  War  of  1812;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1812  to  1815.  Died  at 
Grant's  Hill  in  1817. 

Tayler,  John ;  was  born  in  New  York,  July  4, 
1742;  became  a  merchant  at  Albany  in  1773;  super 
intended  the  Commissary  Department  on  the  Expe 
dition  to  Canada  in  1775;  was  a  member  of  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress;  was,  for  nearly  forty  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Yovk ;  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State  from  1813  to  1822.  Died  ia 
Albany,  March  19.  1829. 

Tayler,  Robert  Walker ;  was  born  in  Harris- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  November  9,  1812;  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Ohio,  in  1815,  locating  at  Youngs- 
town,  then  Trumbull  County;  received  an  English 
education;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1834;  in 
1839  was  elected  Attorney  for  the  County  of  Trum 
bull,  holding  the  office  two  years;  in  1850  organ 
ized  the  Bank  of  Mahoning;  in  1851  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Youngstown;  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate  in  1855  and  1857;  was  Auditor  of  the  State  from 
1800  to  1863;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  First 
Comptroller  of  the  United  States  Treasury;  served 
until  his  death,  February  25,  1878. 

Taylor,  Alexander  "Wilson ;  was  born  in  In 
diana  County,  Pennsylvania,  March  22,  1815;  was 
educated  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania;  left  col 
lege  in  the  spring  of  1836,  to  become  clerk  in  the  Sur 
vey  or-Genenil's  office  of  Pennsylvania;  studied  law  at 
Carlisle,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841;  in  1845 
waselected  Prothonotary  and  Clerk  of  the  Courts  of  In 
diana  County,  and  re-elected  in  1848;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1859  and  1860;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Railways  and  Canals. 

Taylor,  A':  her;  was  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Twenty-eighth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


491 


Taylor,  Bayard ;  was  born  at  Kennett  Square, 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  11,  1825;  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  became  an  apprentice  in  a 
printing  office;  in  1844  and  1845  made  a  pedestrian 
tour  through  Europe,  and  in  1846  published  a  book 
containing  the  experiences  of  his journeyings;  edited 
a  newspaper  at  Phoenixville,  Pennsylvania,  for  a  year; 
then  went  to  New  York  City,  and  engaged  in  editor 
ial  work;  in  1849  visited  California,  returning  by 
way  of  Mexico;  in  1851  set  out  on  a  protracted  tour 
in  the  East,  which  occupied  several  years;  in  1862 
and  1863  was  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Lega 
tion  at  St.  Petersburg,  Russia,  and  part  of  the  time 
acting  Charge  d1  Affaires;  in  1874  re-visited  Egypt, 
and  attended  the  millennial  celebration  in  Ireland; 
wrote  and  published  a  great  many  books  recounting 
the  experiences  of  his  travels;  in  1878  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  to  Germany.  Died  at  Berlin, 
Prussia,  December  19,  1878. 

Taylor,  Caleb  N.;  was  born  at  Sunbury,  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1819;  from  early  boyhood 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  was  eminently 
successful;  although  never  taking  an  active  part  in 
politics,  served  on  many  occasions  as  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  various  local  Conventions; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  ''  Chicago  Convention  "  of  I860: 
in  1866  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories  and  Expenses  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

Taylor,  Ezra  B. ;  was  born  at  Nelson,  Ohio,  July 
9,  1823;  received  an  academic  education;  studied 
law;  commenced  practice  in  1845;  was  elected  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  in  1854;  in  1861  removed  to  War 
ren,  Ohio;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
for  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  from  1877  to  1880, 
when  he  resigned;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  James  A.  Garfield;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Taylor,  George  ;  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1716; 
left  his  lather's  house  clandestinely  and  came  to 
.Philadelphia,  where,  as  a  day  laborer,  he  obtained 
the  money  to  pay  his  passage  across  the  Atlantic; 
soon  became  a  clerk  with  the  man  who  had  advanced 
him  the  money,  and  in  after  years  married  the  widow 
of  his  benefactor;  in  1764  was  elected  to  the  Provin 
cial  Assembly  at  Philadelphia,  serving  six  years;  was 
again  elected  to  the  Assembly  in  1775;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1776  and  1777, 
and  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence; 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  retirement.  Died 
at  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  February  23,  1781. 

Taylor,  George;  was  born  at  Wheeling,  Vir 
ginia,  October  19,  18:20;  after  receiving  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  medicine, 
but  subsequently  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840,  and  removed  to  In 
diana,  where  he  was  successful  as  a  special  pleader; 
in  1844  removed  to  Alabama,  and  there  practiced  his 
profession  for  four  years,  after  which  he  removed  to 
New  York:  in  1856  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  on  the 
Cost  of  Public  Buildings;  as  an  author,  writing  upon 
topics  connected  with  the  natural  sciences,  he  was 
successful;  a  work  published  in  1851,  and  entitled 
"Indications  of  the  Creator,"  has  passed  through 
four  editions,  and  been  highly  applauded  by  the  critics 
of  England  and  France;  also  wrote  much  in  behalf  of 
popular  education,  and  his  collected  addresses  and 
lectures  make  quite  a  large  and  interesting  volume. 


Taylor,  George  K.;  in  1801  was  appointed,  by 
President  Adams,  United  States  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  for  the  Fourth  Circuit. 

Taylor,  Isaac  H. ;  was  born  near  New  Harris- 
burgh,  Carroll  County,  Ohio,  April  18,  1840;  received 
a  common  school  and  academic  education;  from  the 
age  of  seventeen  to  that  of  twenty-five  was  engaged 
in  farming  during  the  summer,  and  teaching  school 
during  the  winter;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1868;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law 
at  Carrollton,  Ohio,  in  his  native  county;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Courts  of  Carroll  County  from  1870  to  1877, 
when  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in 
1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Taylor,  John ;  was  born  in  Orange  County,  Vir 
ginia;  was  distinguished  for  his  attention  to  agri 
culture,  and  published  a  work  entitled  "Constructor 
Construed;  an  Inquiry  into  the  Principles  and  Policy 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States";  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Virginia,  from 
1792  to  1794,  but  was  superseded  by  A.  B.  Venable; 
was  also  a  Senator  in  1803,  and  from  1822  to  1824. 
Died  in  Caroline  County,  Virginia,  August  20,  1824, 
at  an  advanced  age. 

Taylor,  John  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in 
1770;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1790;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1793,  but  turned 
his  attention  chiefly  to  planting;  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  a  number  of  years;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1797;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  South  Carolina  from  1807  to  1809,  and  also  from 
1817  to  1821 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1810  to- 
1816;  was  a  Trustee  of  the  South  Carolina  College 
in  1806;  a  State  Senator  in  1810  and  1822;  wa» 
Governor  of  the  State  from  1826  to  182-!.  Died  in 
18152.  He  was  also,  at  one  time,  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  in  Mississippi  Territory. 

Taylor,  John  J.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
settled  in  New  York;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

Taylor,  John  L. ;  was  born  in  Stafford  County, 
Virginia,  March  7,  1805;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  and  seminaries  of  the  neighborhood; 
studied  law  in  Washington  City,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1828:  settled  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in 
1829;  was,  for  six  years,  Major-General  of  the  Ohio- 
Militia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Ohio, 
from  1847  to  1855,  serving  from  time  to  time  on  im 
portant  Committees;  in  1870  was  appointed  a  Clerk 
in  the  Interior  Department.  Died  suddenly  in  his 
office,  September  6,  1870. 

Taylor,  John  M.;  was  born  at  Lexington,  Ten 
nessee,  May  18,  1838;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion,  and  attended  Union  University,  Tennessee,  for 
two  years;  studied  law;  graduated  at  the  Law  De 
partment  of  Cumberland  University,  Tennessee,  in 
1860,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Lexing 
ton,  Tennessee;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in 
1861;  was  elected  Lieutenant;  was  subsequently- 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major;  was  severely  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Perrysville,  and  was  placed  on  post 
duty  thereafter;  was,  for  a  time,  in  command  at 
Gadsden,  Alabama;  in  1869  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Lexington,  Tennessee;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1870;  was  Attorney- 
General  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial  Circuit  from  1870 
to  1878;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Convention  of  1880;  was  a  member  of  the  Sta'e 
House  of  Representatives  in  the  called  sessions  of 
1881  and  1882;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 


492 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Tennessee  to  the   Forty-eighth  Congress;    was    re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Taylor,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Saratoga  County, 
New  York,  in  1784:  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1803:  studied  law  in  Albany;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1811,  and  while  in  that  body 
was  elected  to  Congress,  where  he  served  from  1813 
to  1833;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  for  the  second 
session  of  the  Sixteenth  Congress,  daring  the  passage 
of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  and  was  also  Speaker 
of  the  Nineteenth  Congress;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1841  and  1842;  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1843, 
where  he  died  in  September,  1854. 

Taylor,  Jonathan ;  was  a  native  of  Connecti 
cut;  removed  to  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to  1841. 

Taylor,  Joseph  D.;  was  born  in  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  November  7,  1830;  was  educated  at  the  com 
mon  schools  and  at  Madison  College;  taught  school; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  grad 
uated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  College  in  1860;  served 
in  the  Union  Army  as  a  commissioned  officer  during 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion ;  was  twice  elected  Prose 
cuting  Attorney;  was  President  of  the  City  School 
Board  for  seven  years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Loy 
alist  Convention"  of  1866;  was  President  of  several 
corporations;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Convention  of  1880;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty -seventh  Congress  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  J.  T.  Updegraff; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Taylor,  Miles ;  was  born  in  New  York;  removed 
to  Louisiana;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth,  and  Thirty- 
sixth  Congresses,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Claims,  and  on  the  Judiciary,  and  a  member  of 
the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebel 
lious  States;  withdrew  in  February,  1861.  Declined, 
by  letter,  to  give  the  author  any  information. 

Taylor,  Nathaniel  G.;  was  born  in  Carter 
County,  Tennessee,  December  29,  1819;  studied  at 
Washington  College,  in  that  State,  but  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1840;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1843;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1854  to  1855,  as  the 
s iccessor  of  Brookins  Campbell;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1853  and  1860;  was  for  several  years  a 
Minister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South; 
in  1865  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  was  not  admitted 
to  his  seat  until  near  the  end  of  the  first  session  of 
that  Congress,  serving  on  two  or  three  Committees; 
in  March,  1867,  was  appointed,  by  President  John 
son,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 

Taylor,  Nelson ;  was  born  in  South  Norwalk, 
Connecticut,  June  8,  1821;  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  as 
Captain  in  the  First  Regiment  of  New  York  Volun 
teers,  served  through  the  Mexican  War;  in  1849  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  California;  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  California  Hos 
pital  (which  subsequently  became  the  State  Insane 
Asylum)  from  1850  to  1856;  was  Sheriff  of  San  Joa- 
quin  County,  California,  in  1853;  in  1861  was  mus 
tered  into  military  service  as  Colonel  of  the  Seventy- 
second  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers;  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  in  1862;  in 
1 864  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Select  Com 
mittee  on  Freedmen.  and  that  on  Invalid  Pensions. 


Taylor,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  his  native  State,  from  1825  to 
1827. 

Taylor,  Robert  L.;  was  born  at  Happy  Valley, 
Tennessee,  July  31,  1850;  was  educated  at  Penning- 
ton,  New  Jersey,  and  the  East  Tennessee  Wesley  an 
University;  studied  law;  was  licensed  to  practice  in 
1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Taylor,  "Walter ;  was  a  man  of  high  literary  at 
tainments;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Indiana 
in  180  :;  was  Aide-de-camp  to  General  Harrison  at 
the  battle  of  Tippecanoe;  was  United  States  Senator 
from  Indiana  from  1816  to  1825.  Died  in  Virginia, 
August  26,  1826. 

Taylor,  William ;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1793;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Onondaga  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  when  quite  young;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  in  1812  was  a  member  of  a 
Medical  Society;  at  one  time  was  President  of  the 
New  York  Medical  Society ;  was  a  practicing  Phy 
sician  for  fifty  years;  was,  for  many  years,  President 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  the  State;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1841,  1842,  1852  and 
1853.  in  the  two  latter  years  representing  New  York 
City;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1833  to  1839.  Died  at  Manlius,  Onondaga 
County,  September  6,  1865. 

Taylor,  William;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1833  to  1835. 

Taylor,  William;  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law, 
which  he  practiced  in  Rockingham  County,  Virginia; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Vir 
ginia,  and  served  from  1843  to  1846.  Died  before  the 
expiration  of  his  second  term,  in  Washington  City, 
January  17,  1846. 

Taylor,  William  R.;  was  born  in  Connecticut 
in  1820;  removed  to  Ohio,  and  operated  a  grist-mill; 
removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1848,  and  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  farming;  held  various  County  offices;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  both  House  and 
Senate;  in  1873  was  elected  Governor  of  Wis 
consin,  and  re-nominated  for  the  same  position  in 
1875. 

Taylor,  Zachary ;  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
Virginia,  September  24,  1784;  went,  with  his  fatheV, 
Richard  Taylor,  who  was  a  Colonel  in  the  War  of  the 
Revolution,  to  Kentucky,  in  1785;  received  a  limited 
education;  in  1808  was  appointed,  by  President  Jef 
ferson,  a  Lieutenant  of  Infantry;  served  in  the  War 
of  1812  as  a  Captain,  and  was  b'revetted  a  Major  for 
gallant  services;  from  1815  to  1836  had  command  of 
various  military  posts  in  the  Western  Country;  in 
1819  was  made  a  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1832  a 
Colonel;  served  with  distinction  in  the  Black  Hawk 
War,  and  also  in  the  war  against  the  Seminoles  in 
Florida;  in  1841  settled  his  family  at  Baton  Rouge, 
in  Louisiana;  was  made  a  General,  and  had  command 
of  the  American  army  during  the  Mexican  War;  after 
gaining  a  number  of  battles,  won  the  great  and  deci 
sive  battle  of  Buena  Vista;  in  1848  was  elected  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States;  was  inaugurated  in  March, 
1849.  Died  in  Washington,  July  9,  1850.  He  left  a 
son  who  was  a  General  in  the  Confederate  army  dur 
ing  the  Civil  War,  and  one  of  his  daughters  beca.ue 
the  wife  of  Jefferson  Davis. 


, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


493 


Taylor,  Zachary ;  was  born  in  Hay  wood  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  May  9,  1819;  received  such  early  edu 
cation  as  the  common  schools  of  the  country  afforded; 
entered  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  in  December. 
ISO'S,  and  graduated  as  Senior  Captain  July  4,  1872; 
entered  the  Law  School  of  Cumberland  University, 
at  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  in  January,  1873,  and  gradu 
ated  in  January,  1874;  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  at  Covington,  Tennessee,  in  1878;  in  18SO  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  the  Forty-second  General  Assem 
bly  of  Tennessee;  was  Postmaster  at  Covington,  Ten 
nessee,  from  July  1,  1883,  to  January  1,  1885,  when 
he  resigned,  having  been  elected,  in  November,  1884, 
a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Tazewell,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Brunswick 
County,  Virginia,  in  1753;  lost  his  father  in  earl\ 
life;  attended  William  and  Mary  College;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1775  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  and,  in  the  Con 
vention  of  1776,  was  on  the  Committee  which  re 
ported  the  Declaration  of  Rights  and  the  Constitu 
tion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  for 
many  years;  was  elected  Judge  in  1785,  and  of  the 
first  Court  of  Appeals  in  1793;  from  1794  to  1799  was 
United  States  Senator  from  Virginia,  and  President 
proton,  in  1795;  took  a  leading  part  in  the  discus 
sions  on  the  British  Treaty,  in  that  body;  as  a  State 
politician,  approved  the  abolition  of  primogeniture 
and  entails,  and  the  separation  of  the  Church  from 
the  State.  Died  at  Philadelphia,  January  24,  1799. 

Tazewell,  Littleton  W.;  was  born  at  Williams- 
burg,  Virginia,  in  1774;  was  educated  at  William  and 
Mary  College;  studied  law,  and  attained  great  suc 
cess  in  his  profession;  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Legislature  in  1798;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1799  to  1801;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1824  to  1832;  was  Governor  of  Virginia 
from  1834  to  1836;  in  the  Senate,  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Relations,  and  President 
pro  tern,  of  the  Senate  during  a  part  of  the  Twenty- 
second  Congress;  in  1820  was  one  of  the  Commis 
sioners  under  the  Florida  Treaty,  and  his  last  great 
effort  as  a  lawyer  was  made  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  in  what  was  known  as  the  "Cochi 
neal  Case. "  Died  at  Norfolk,  Virginia,  May  6, 1860. 

Teese,  Frederick  H.;  was  born  at  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  October  21,  1823;  was  educated  at 
Princeton  College,  and  graduated  there  in  1843;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  practiced  law  in 
Newark;  in  1860  was  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey 
General  Assembly;  was  re-elected  in  1861,  and  made 
Speaker;  was  appointed  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Es 
sex  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  18(>4;  was  re-appoint 
ed  in  1869;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Telfair,  Edward;  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1735; 
educated  at  Kirkcudbright  Gram  mar  School;  removed 
to  America  at  the  age  of  twenty-three,  and  resided 
for  some  time  in  Virginia  as  Agent  of  a  mercantile 
house;  afterwards  removed  to  Halifax,  North  Caro 
lina,  and  thence  to  Savannah  in  1766,  where  he  was 
a  merchant;  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  Revolu 
tion  ;  served  on  many  of  the  important  Committees 
of  the  time,  and  was  one  of  the  party  who  broke  open 
the  magazine  at  Savannah  and  removed  the  powder; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  old  Congress  in  1778,  and  from 
1780  to  1783;  in  the  latter  year  was  one  of  the  Com 
missioners  to  make  a  Treaty  with  the  Cherokees. 

Telfair,  Thomas  ;  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1805;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 


from  Georgia  from  1813  to  1817.     Died  at  Savannah, 
Georgia,  in  April,   1818. 

Teller,  Henry  M. ;  was  born  in  Allegany  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  May  23,  1830;  was  well  educated; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  as  a  profession ;  removed  to 
Illinois  in  1858,  and  to  Colorado  in  1861;  settled  at 
Central  City,  Colorado,  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion;  never  held  any  public  office  until  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  from  Colorado  for  the  short  term,  on 
the  admission  of  that  State  into  the  Union,  in  1876; 
was  re-elected  for  the  full  term,  from  March  4,  1877; 
resigned  in  1882  to  accept  the  position  of  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Arthur, 
which  office  he  held  until  March  3,  1885;  on  the  day 
following,  took  his  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate 
as  a  Senator  from  Colorado  for  a  full  term  of  six 
years,  to  which  he  had  previously  been  elected. 

Teller,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1798; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  for  the  une^xpired  term  of  Gil 
bert  Dean,  resigned.  Died  at  Matteawan,  New  Jer 
sey,  April  30,  1868.  He  was  riding  in  a  wagon  at  the 
time,  and  died  while  holding  the  reins.  He  retained 
his  sitting  posture,  and  the  horse  which  he  was  driv 
ing  continued  quietly  on  his  way  for  over  an  hour, 
as  it  was  supposed,  after  death  had  ensued,  when  his 
condition  was  observed,  and  the  horse  was  stopped. 

Temple,  William ;  was  born  in  Queen  Anne 
County,  Maryland,  February  28,  1815;  received  a 
good  academic  education,  and  adopted  the  occupa 
tion  of  a  merchant  in  Smyrna,  Delaware;  in  1844 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker 
of  the  House;  the  Governor  of  the  State  and  Presi 
dent  of  the  Senate  having  died,  he  became  Acting 
Governor  for  the  remainder  of  the  term;  during  the 
next  ten  years  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 
and  declined  a  re-election  in  1854;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress.  Died  at  Smyrna,  Delaware,  in  the  sum 
mer  of  1863,  before  taking  his  seat. 

Ten  Eyck,  Anthony ;  was  a  citizen  of  Michi 
gan;  was,  at  one  time,  connected  with  the  press  of 
that  State;  in  1845  was  appointed  a  Commissioner, 
with  diplomatic  powers,  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  re 
maining  there  until  1849. 

Ten  Eyck,  Egbert ;  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York,  April  18,  1779;  graduated  at 
Williams  College;  studied  law  in  Albany;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  in  1812  and  1813,  and 
Speaker;  was  a  member  of  the  "  Constitutional  Con 
vention"  of  1822;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1823  to  1825;  also  held  the 
offices  of  Judge  of  the  Jefferson  County  Court,  and 
President  of  a  County  Agricultural  Society.  Died  at 
Watertown,  New  York,  April  11,  1844. 

Ten  Eyck,  John  C.;  was  born  at  Freehold,  New 
Jersey,  March  12,  1814;  obtained  a  classical  educa 
tion  under  privateltutors;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1835;  in  1839  was  appointed 
Prosecutor  of  the  Pleas  for  Burlington  County,  hold 
ing  the  position  for  ten  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  "Constitutional  Convention"  of  1844; 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  com 
mencing  in  1859  and  ending  in  1865,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  and  the  Judiciary;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866 


494 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Tenney,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Byeiield  Parish, 
Newbury,  Massachusetts;  received  a  collegiate  edu 
cation  at  Harvard  University,  graduating  In  1772; 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine;  when  the  Revo 
lutionary  War  began  was  found  among  the  asserters 
of  his  country's  rights,  and  was  present  at  the  Battle 
of  Bunker's  Hill,  where  he  was  employed  in  attend- 
ang  upon  the  wounded;  was  attached  to  the  Rhode 
Island  line  of  the  Provincial  Army,  and  served  dur 
ing  the  whole  war;  at  the  close  of  the  war  retired 
from  his  profession  and  settled  in  Exeter,  New  Hamp 
shire;  for  many  years  was  Judge  of  Probate;  in  1800 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  in  the  place  of  W. 
Gordon,  resigned,  serving  until  1807.  His  death, 
which  occurred  in  181(i,  was  universally  regretted. 
An  ardent  lover  of  his  country,  a  faithful  expounder 
of  her  laws  and  institutions,  and  an  accomplished 
scholar,  his  memory  is  still  fondly  cherished  by  many 
\vlio  knew  him. 

Terrill,  William  ;  was  frequently  a  member  ol 
the  Georgia  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Georgia  from  1817  to  1821;  becoming 
tired  of  politics,  he  took  a  great  interest  in  the  pro 
motion  of  agricultural  science,  and  in  1853  made  a 
donation  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  for  the  estab 
lishment  of  an  agricultural  professorship  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Georgia,  which  professorship  bears  his 
name;  was  one  of  the  most  accomplished  and  useful 
citizens  of  his  State.  Died  at  Sparta,  Georgia,  July 
4,  1855. 

Terry,  Nathaniel ;  was  born  at  Enfield,  Con 
necticut,  in  1768;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786; 
resided  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  hel  1  various 
offices  in  his  native  State;  from  1817  to  1819  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress.  Died  in  New  Haven, 
June  14,  1844. 

Terry,  William  ;  was  born  in  Amherst  County, 
Virginia,  August  14,  1824;  graduated  at  the  Univers 
ity  of  Virginia;  taught  school  and  read  law  at  the 
same  time;  came  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  settled  in 
Wytheville;  there  edited  a  small  newspaper  and 
taught  school;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army,  and 
became  a  General;  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Military  Affairs;  in  1874  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Test,  John  ;  was  a  native  of  Salem,  New  Jersey ; 
emigrated  to  Indiana;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1823  to  1827,  and  from 
1829  to  1831 ;  was  presiding  Judge  of  one  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Courts  of  Indiana;  afterwards  removed  to 
Mobile,  Alabama,  where  he  gained  a  high  reputation 
for  his  learning  and  talents  as  a  lawyer;  Died  near 
Cambridge  City.  Indiana,  October  9,  1849. 

Thacher,  George;  was  born  in  Yarmouth, 
Massachusetts,  April  12,  1754;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1776;  studied  law,  and  established 
himself  in  practice  in  Biddeford,  Maine;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  old  Congress;  on  the  adoption  of  the  Con 
stitution,  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1789  to  1801;  in  1792  was 
elected  a  District  Judge  in  Maine,  serving  until  1800, 
when  he  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  Massachusetts;  held  the  latter  office  uiitil  Janu 
ary,  1824,  when  he  resigned;  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  Maine 
in  1819;  was  a  man  of  superior  abilities,  and  per 
formed  all  his  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the 
public;  was  famous  for  his  wit,  and  when  a  bill  was 
reported  in  Congress  respecting  the  use  of  the  eagle 


on  American  coin,  playfully  recommended  a  goose, 
for  which  he  was  challenged  by  the  member  who  re 
ported  the  bill,  William  Blount,  and  the  challenge 
he  ridiculed.  Died  April  6,  1824. 

Thacher,  J.  M.;  was  born  in  Vermont;  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  that  State;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law;  was,  for  a  time,  connected  with 
the  bar  of  Virginia;  served  as  a  volunteer  officer 
during  the.  war  of  the  Union;  in  1864  was  appointed 
an  Assistant  Examiner  in  the  Patent  Office;  rose  by 
regular  promotion,  to  the  rank  of  Commissioner,  to 
which  he  was  appointed  in  1874;  in  August,  1875, 
resigned  his  office  to  resume  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession,  locating  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Thacher,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  July  1,  1776;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1793;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts  from  1802  to  1805;  served  eleven  years  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  was  Sheriff  of  Lin 
coln  County  from  1814  to  1821;  in  1866  was  a  resi 
dent  of  Bangor,  Maine.  Died  in  Baugor,  July  19, 
1872. 

Thayer,  Eli;  was  born  at  Mendon,  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  June  11,  1819;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1845;  was  a  teacher  in  Worces 
ter  Academy  for  three  years;  was  a  farmer  by  occu 
pation  ;  served  as  Alderman  of  the  city  of  Worcester 
in  1853;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  during  the  years  1853  and  1854;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty -fifth  Congress 
from  that  State,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Militia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands;  was  the  founder  of  the  New  England 
Emigrant  Aid  Society;  was  identified  with  other  so 
cieties  of  a  benevolent  character. 

Thayer,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Bellingham, 
Norfolk  County,  Massachusetts,  January  24,  1820; 
graduated  at  Brown  University;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  the  profession ;  removed  to  the  Territory  of 
Nebraska  in  1854,  where  he  soon  became  Brigadier- 
General  of  Militia;  was  a  member  of  the  "  Territorial 
Constitutional  Convention";  was  subsequently 
elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature;  commanded  a 
regiment  of  infantry  during  the  Rebellion,  and,  for 
meritorious  services  at  Fort  Donelson  and  Shiloh. 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  ol 
Volunteers;  also  served  with  distinction  at  Vicks- 
burg  and  Chickasaw  Bayou,  and  for  these  services 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-General  of  Volun 
teers;  on  the  admission  of  Nebraska  into  the  Union 
as  a  State,  took  his  seat  in  Congress  as  a  Senator  for 
the  term  ending  in  1871,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Military  Affairs,  Indian  Affairs,  and  Patents;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of  1868;  in 
1875  was  appointed  Governor  of  Wyoming. 

Thayer.  M.  Russell ;  was  born  in  Petersburg, 
Virginia,  jJanuary  27,  1819;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1840;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims;  received  from  his  Alma  Mater 
the  two  degrees  of  Bachelor  and  Master  of  Arts;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  the  Bankrupt  Law,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  that  on  Private  Land  Claims;  after  leaving 
Congress,  in  1859,  became  District  Judge  for  Phila 
delphia,  and  published  various  papers  connected 
with  literature,  law,  and  politics. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


495 


Thayer,  William  S.;  was  born  in  Haverhill. 
Massachusetts,  in  1830;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1850;  two  years  later  became  associated 
with  the  New  York  Evening  Post  as  correspondent  and 
assistant  editor,  in  which  capacity  he  acquitted  him 
self  with  marked  ability;  in  1861  was  appointed 
Consul  General  to  Egypt,  where  he  died  April  10, 
1864. 

Thayer,  W.  W.;  was  born  at  Lima,  New  York, 
July  15,  1827;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education;  studied  law:  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851  and  commenced  practice  at  Tona- 
wanda,  New  York;  afterwards  followed  his  profession 
in  Buffalo,  New  York;  in  1862  removed  to  Benton 
County,  Oregon;  in  1863  went  to  Lewiston,  Idaho; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Territorial  Legislature  in 
18(Ji>;  in  that  year  was  elected  District  Attorney;  re 
signed  in  1867  and  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon;  in 
1878  was  elected  Governor  of  Oregon,  and  served  four 
years. 

Theaker,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  York  County, 
Pennsylvania,  February  1,  1812;  received  a  good  En 
glish  education;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1830;  devoted 
the  most  of  his  time  to  the  occupation  of  a  millwright 
and  machinist;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Militia,  and  Enrolled  Bills;  was  subse 
quently  appointed  one  of  a  Board  of  Commissioners 
to  examine  into  the  affairs  of  the  Patent  Office;  in 
1865  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson.  Commis 
sioner  of  Patents.  Died  July  16,  1883. 

Thifoodeaux,  B.  GK;  was  born  in  Louisiana;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  for  a  second  term  ending  in  1849. 
Died  in  the  Parish  of  Terrebonne,  Louisiana,  in 
March,  1866. 

Thibodeaux,  H.  S.;  was  acting  Governor  of 
Louisiana  from  1822  to  1824. 

Thomas,  Arthur  L.;  was  born  at  Chicago,  Illi 
nois,  August  22,  1851;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania;  in  1879  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Utah,  residing 
at  Salt  Lake  City;  in  1880  was  appointed  United 
States  Supervisor  of  the  Census  for  the  District  of 
Utah,  in  addition  to  his  other  duties;  was  acting 
Governor  of  the  Territory  during  the  legislative  ses 
sion  of  1879-80,  during  a  part  of  the  session  of  1881-82, 
for  three  months  in  1881,  and  again  in  1883;  in  the 
latter  year  was  re-appointed  Secretary,  for  a  second 
term. 

Thomas,  Benjamin  S.;  was  born  at  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  February  12,  1813;  removed  to 
Worcester  in  1819;  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  1830;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1833;  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legisla 
ture  in  1842;  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  the 
County  of  Worcester  in  1844,  resigning  the  office  in 
1848;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  on  the  Taylor  ticket 
in  that  year;  in  1853  was  appointed  to  the  Bench  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  holding  the 
office  six  years,  when  he  resigned ;  subsequently  re 
turned  to  Boston  to  practice  his  profession,  residing 
in  West  Roxbury;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary,  and  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Bank 
rupt  Law. 

Thomas,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  Carteret 
County,  North  Carolina,  February  7, 1827;  graduated 


at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1849;  studied 
and  practiced  law;  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Superior  Court  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Elections. 

Thomas,  Christopher  Y.;  was  born  in  Pitt- 
sylvania,  Virginia,  March  24,  1818;  attended  a 
private  academy;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1844;  in  1859  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  for  four  years;  in  1867  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Virginia;  in  1869 
was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pen 
sions. 

Thomas,  David ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1801  to  1808;  served  four 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State;  also  held  the 
position  of  State  Treasurer. 

Thomas,  D.  B.;  after  the  close  of  the  Rebellion, 
in  1865,  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  but  was  not  declared 
entitled  to  his  seat  until  near  the  end  of  the  first 
session  of  that  Congress. 

Thomas,  Edward  A.;  was  born  in  New  York, 
from  which  State  he  was,  in  1873,  appointed  an  As 
sociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Wyoming,  residing  at  Laramie  City. 

Thomas,  Francis ;  was  born  in  Frederick  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  February  3,  1799;  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  in  that  State;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820;  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  in  1822,  1827,  and  1829,  when  he 
was  chosen  Speaker;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland  from  1831  to  1841 ;  in  1839  was 
President  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal;  was  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  "Constitutional  Conven 
tion"  in  1850;  was  the  author  of  the  measure  which 
resulted  in  the  transfer  of  political  power  from  the 
slave-holding  counties  in  Maryland  to  those  portions 
where  the  white  population  was  generally  located; 
during  one  term  in  Congress  was  Chairman  oi  the 
Judiciary  Committee,  and  a  report  made  by  him  led 
to  the  settlement  of  the  boundary  difficulties  between 
Ohio  and  Michigan;  from  1841  to  1844  was  Governor 
of  Maryland;  was,  for  the  sixth  time,  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress:  \vas  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Judiciary  Committee;  was  also  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  the  Judiciary,  the 
Bankrupt  Law,  and  the  Postal  Railroad  to  New 
York;  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  Maryland  to  warn 
the  people  of  the  approaching  Rebellion,  and,  after 
hostilities  had  commenced,  raised  a  brigade  of  three 
thousand  Volunteers,  but  declined  all  appointments 
connected  with  the  organization ;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress;  in  1872  was 
appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Peru;  was  killed 
by  accident  on  a  railroad  at  Frankville,  Garrett  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  January  22, 1876. 

Thomas,  Isaac ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to  1817. 

Thomas,  James ;  was  Governor  of  Maryland 
from  1833  to  1836;  was  a  man  of  great  worth,  and 
held  many  public  trusts.  Died  in  St.  Mary's  Countj, 
Maryland,  December  25,  1845;  aged  sixty-one  years. 


496 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Thomas,  James  Houston;  ya\bo™ 
dell  County,  North  Carolina,  September  22, 
received  the  degree  of  A.B.  from  Columbia  College, 
Tennessee  in  18:50;  studied  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion oTthe  law ;  in' 1836  was  elected  Attorney-Gen 
eral  for  the  State,  holding  the  office  six  7™*'*™*, 
for  many  years,  the  law  partner  of  James  K.  V 
"as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee, 
Jrom  1847  to  1851;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1846-  in  1859  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Thomas,  Jesse  B.;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  the  Territory  of  Indiana  from  18U8  to  1809;  in 
the  latter  year  was  appointed  United  States  Judge  of 
Illinois  Territory;  was  one  of  the  first  Senators  in 
Congress  from  Illinois,  holding  the  position  Irom 
1818  to  1829,  serving  on  important  Committees. 
Died  in  February,  1850. 

Thomas,  John  A.;  was  born  in  New  York;  be 
came  a  resident  of  Washington  City;  in  1855  was 
appointed  Assistant  Secretary  of  State.  Died  in 
Washington . 

Thomas,  John  O.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1799  to  1801. 

Thomas,  John  L.,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  May  20,  1835;  received  his  education  at 
the  Alleghany  County  Academy;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1856;  in  1861  was  appointed  So 
licitor  of  the  City  of  Baltimore,  holding  the  office 
two  years;  in  1863  was  elected  State  Attorney  for 
Maryland;  in  1864  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "State 
Constitutional  Convention  ";  in  1865  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resigna 
tion  of  E.  H.  Webster,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Commerce,  Revolutionary  Claims,  and  Retrenchment; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' 
Convention"  of  1866. 

Thomas,  John  R.;  was  born  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Illinois,  October  11,  1846;  received  a  common  school 
education;  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion,  rising  from  the  ranks  to  a  Cap 
taincy;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1869;  was  State's  Attorney  from  1872  to  1876;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty -seventh  Congresses;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Thomas,  Lorenzo  ;  was  born  in  Newcastle, 
Delaware,  October  20,  1804;  graduated  at  the  West 
Point  Academy,  in  1823,  as  a  Second  Lieutenant  of 
the  Fourth  Infantry,  and  served  as  such  in  Florida 
among  the  Creek  Indians,  and  in  Washington;  was 
commissioned  a  Captain  in  1836;  in  1838  was  ap 
pointed  Assistant  Adjutant-General  with  the  brevet 
rank  of  Major;  was  Chief  of  Staff  in  the  Florida  war 
in  1839;  was  brevetted  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1846, 
for  "  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct"  at  Monterey, 
in  Mexico;  in  1848  was  made  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and 
assigned  to  duty  in  Washington;  from  1848  to  1801 
was  Chief  of  Staff  under  General  Scott,  command 
ing  the  army  of  New  York  City;  in  1861  was  ap 
pointed  Adjutant-General  of  the  army,  with  the 
brevet  of  Colonel,  and  was  in  the  same  year  brevetted 
a  Brigadier-General;  in  1863  was  assigned  to  the 
special  duty  of  organizing  colored  troops  in  the 
southwest,  and  subsequently  performed  a  number 
of  inspection  tours  connected  with  the  Provost- 
Marshals,  and  with  the  national  cemeteries  of 


the  United  States;  on  February  22,  1868,  received, 
from  President  Johnson,  the  appointment  of  Secre 
tary  of  War  ad  interim,  but  Secretary  Stanton  refused 
to  vacate  the  office,  and  the  conflict  of  authority  ^th us 
occurring,  continued  until  May  26,  when  Mr.  Stan- 
ton  retired  Irom  the  War  Department;  it  was  the  ap 
pointment  of  General  Thomas  as  Secretary  of  War, 
ad  interim,  by  President  Johnson,  upon  which  the 
Articles  of  Impeachment,  presented  by  the  House  of 
Representatives,  were  grounded,  and  of  the  leading 
charges  in  which,  after  due  trial,  the  President  was 
acquitted.  Died  in  Washington,  March  2,  1875. 

Thomas,  Ormsby  B.;  was  born  at  Sandgate, 
Benningtou  County,  Vermont,  August  21,  1832;  re 
moved,  with  his  parents,  to  Wisconsin  in  1836;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  studied  law,  and 
graduated  at  the  National  Law  School,  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Al 
bany,  New  York,  in  1856;  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  law  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wisconsin;  was  District 
Attorney  of  Crawford  County,  Wisconsin,  several 
terms;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Wisconsin  Legis 
lature  in  1862,  1865,  and  1867;  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  State  Senate  in  1880  and  1881 ;  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector  in  1872;  served  as  Captain  of  Com 
pany  D,  Thirty-first  Regiment  Wisconsin  Volunteer 
Infantry  in  the  Union  Army;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Thomas,  Philemon ;  was  a  native  of  North  Caro 
lina,  where,  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  he  was 
engaged  in  many  skirmishes  with  the  British;  resided 
some  years  in  Kentucky;  was  a  member  of  the  Leg 
islature  of  that  State;  afterwards  removed  to  Louis 
iana;  in  1810  and  1811,  headed  the  insurrection  of 
Baton  Rouge,  which  threw  off  the  yoke  of  Spain  from 
West  Florida;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Louisiana,  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at  Baton 
Rouge,  Louisiana,  November  18,  1847,  aged  eighty- 
three  years. 

Thomas,  Philip  Francis  ;  was  born  in  Talbot 
County,  Maryland,  September  12,  1810;  was  educated 
at  Dickinson  College;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1831;  in  1836  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention";  in  1838  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1839  to  1841;  was  subsequently 
Judge  of  the  Land  Office  Court  of  the  Eastern  Shore 
of  Maryland;  in  1843  and  1845  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Delegates;  in  1847  was  elected  Governor  of 
Maryland;  in  the  early  part  of  1860  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Commissioner  of  the  Patent 
Office;  on  the  resignation  of  Ho  well  Cobb,  as  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury,  in  December,  1860,  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  Mr.  Buchan 
an's  Cabinet;  in  March,  1867,  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  but  was  re 
jected;  was  subsequently  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Thomas,  Richard ;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  War;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania  from  1795  to  1801.  Died  in  Phil 
adelphia  in  1832,  aged  eighty-seven  years. 

Thomasson,  "William  P.;  was  born  in  Henry 
County,  Kentucky ;  commenced  the  study  of  law  at 
an  early  age,  and  when  eighteen  was  licensed  to 
practice  at  Corydon,  Indiana,  from  which  place  he 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  removed  to  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  about  the  year  1841;  was  chosen  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1843 
to  1847;  afterwards  went  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  where 


BIOGKAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


497 


he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  when  he  served  in 
the  Union  Army  as  a  Colonel  of  Volunteers. 

Thompson,  Albert  Clifton;  was  born  at 
Brookville,  Jefferson  County,  Pennsylvania,  January 
23,  1842;  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College,  Can- 
nonsburg,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice;  served  in  the  Union  Army,  rising 
from  the  rank  of  Sergeant  to  that  of  Captain;  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  and  again  at  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run;  removed  to  Portsmouth, 
Ohio,  in  1865;  was  Probate  Judge  of  Scioto  County 
from  1869  to  1872;  in  1882  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas  for  the  Second  Subdivision  of 
the  Seventh  Judicial  District  of  Ohio,  and  served 
until  September,  1884,  when  he  resigned;  in  Novem 
ber  of  that  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Thompson,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts,  in  1798;  held  many  responsible  offices  in  the 
town  of  Charlestown,  and  was  several  times  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  twice  elected 
to  Congress  from  the  Fourth  District  of  Massachusetts, 
serving  from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  March, 
1851,  until  his  death;  he  united  mental  cultivation 
and  sound  judgment  with  great  business  talent;  his 
services  upon  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  dur 
ing  the  Mexican  War,  were  especially  valuable.  Died 
in  Charlestown,  September  24,  1852. 

Thompson,  Charles  P.;  was  born  at  Braintree, 
Massachusetts,  July  30,  1827;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1854;  was  Second  Assistant  to  the  District  Attor 
ney  until  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Gloucester, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1871  and 
1872;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Massachu 
setts  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Thompson,  Georg-e  W.;  was  born  in  Ohio  in 
1806;  graduated  at  Jefferson  College  in  1826;  was 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Virginia  in  1849; 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  in  1851  and  1852;  left  Congress  for  the  bench; 
was  the  author  of  "The  Living  Forces  of  the  Uni 
verse,"  in  1866;  "  Address  on  the  Common  Schools," 
1841;  "Right  of  Virginia  to  the  Northwest  Terri 
tory";  "  Life  of  Linn  Boyd,"  and  contributor  to  the 
Boston  Quarterly  Review. 

Thompson,  Hedge ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey  during  the  years  1827  and 
1828.  Died  at  Salem,  July  20,  1828. 

Thompson,  Hugh  S.;  was  born  at  Charleston, 
South   Carolina,   January  24,    1830;    was  reared   in 
Greenville,  in  that  State;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation,  and  graduated  at  the  State  Military  Academy 
of  South  Carolina  in  1856;  in  1858  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Professor  in  that  institu 
tion;  in  1859  was  made  Professor  of  French  in  the 
branch  of  the  Academy  located  at  Columbia;  in  1861 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain,  and  made  Pro 
fessor  of  l>elles  Letters  in  the  Charleston  branch  of 
the  Academy ;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  an 
officer  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets;  in  1865  was  elected 
Principal  of  the  Columbia  Male  Academy,  which, 
I  under  his  charge,  acquired  a  high  reputation  as  a 
1  classical  school;  in  1876  was  elected  State  Superin- 
i  tendent  of  Education;   was  re-elected  in  1878  and 
:  1880;  in  1882  was  elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina 
;  for  the  term  of  two  years,  from  December,  1882;  was 
!  re-elected  in  1884. 


Thompson,  Jacob  ;  was  born  in  Caswell  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  May  15,  1810;  received  his  edu 
cation  at  the  University  of  Chapel  Hill;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834;  during  the  suc 
ceeding  y  ear  removed  to  the  State  of  Mississippi;  was 
elected  to  Congress,  as  a  Representative  from  Mis 
sissippi,  in  1839,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that 
capacity  until  1851;  on  first  taking  his  seat  in  Con 
gress  was  placed  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands, 
and  was  for  some  years  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs;  was  a  defender  of  Mississippi,  and 
the  Democratic  party,  at  the  time  the  cry  of  repudia 
tion  was  ringing  throughout  the  land;  in  1845  de 
clined  going  into  the  United  States  Senate  by  ap 
pointment  of  the  Governor  of  Mississippi,  and  in 
1851  declined  an  election  to  the  House  of  Representa 
tives;  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  in 
1857,  Secretary  of  the  Interior;  that  position  he  re 
signed  in  January,  1861,  and  joining  the  Rebellion, 
served  as  Governor  of  Mississippi,  and  in  the  in 
surgent  army.  Died  March  24,  1885. 

Thompson,  James;  was  born  at  Middlesex/Xt 
Butler  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1806;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  commenced  life  as  a  printer; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828; 
was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  his  native  State  in 
1832,  1833,  and  1834,  presiding  during  the  last  ses- 
sion  as  Speaker;  in  1836  was  a  Presidential  Elector; 
was  presiding  Judge  of  the  District  Court  for  six 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1845 
to  1851;  in  l£*?\was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania  for  fifteen  years;  in  1866  was 


as  fi        »J 
made  Chief  Justice.        /£>  J 

Thompson,  Joel  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1813  to  1815,  having 
previously  served  one  year  in  the  State  Assembly 
from  Albany,  and  two  years  from  Chenango  County. 

Thompson,  John  ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  from  Albany  in  1788  and  1789,  in 
1827  from  Delaware  County,  and  in  1802  and  1841 
from  Dutchess  County;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1799  to  1801,  and 
again  from  1807  to  1811. 

Thompson,  John;  was  born  at  Rhinebeck, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  July  4,  1809;  was  edu 
cated  at  Yale  and  Union  Colleges;  lived  on  a  farm 
until  sixteen  years  of  age;  devoted  himself  to  the 
law;  against  his  own  wishes  and  consent  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals. 

Thompson,  John  ;  was  a  citizen  of  the  Territory 
of  Orleans;  in  1808  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Territory  of 
Orleans. 

Thompson,  John  B.  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1810;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1840  to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1851; 
in  1853  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the 
long  term  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims,  and  of  that  on  Pensions.  Died  at 
Ff  arrisonburg,  Kentucky,  January  7,  1874. 

Thompson,  John  E.  "W.;  was  born  at  Brook 
lyn,  New  York,  in  1860;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  New  York  and  Rhode  Island,  at 
Weston  Military  Institute,  Weston,  Connecticut, 
and  at  Lawrence  Academy,  Groton,  Massachusetts; 
in  1879  entered  Yale  University,  and  in  1883  gradu 
ated  from  the  Medical  Department  of  that  institution; 
in  the  latter  year  traveled  in  Great  Britain,  and  then 


498 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


resided  in  Paris,  France,  until  November,  1884   pi 
suing   advanced   medical   studies;  returning  to  t 
United  States,  he  located  in  New  York  City  in  the 
practice  of  medicine;  in  May,  18  J,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Cleveland,  Minister  Resident  and  Con 
sul-General  of  the  United  States  to  St.  Domingo. 

Thompson,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Butler 
County  Pennsylvania,  January  4,  1829;  was  edu 
cated  at  fhe  common  schools,  and  at  Witherspoon 
Institute;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  pract.ce 
in  1854;  entered  the  Union  Army  m  1861,  was  i 
many  important  battles,  and  received  several  severe 
wouJds;Prose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel; 
served  two  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the  1  enn- 
svlvania  Legislature,  the  last  term  as  Speaker;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  Ebenezer  McJunkin;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress  for  the  full  term. 

Thompson,  Mark;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  Jersey,  from  1795  to  1799. 

Thompson,  Philip ;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Thompson,  Philip  B.,  Jr.;  was  born  atHarrods- 
burg,  Kentucky,  October  15,  1845;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  Irom 
Kentucky  to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Thompson,  Philip  B.;  was  born  in  1766;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1801 
to  1807.  Died  in  Virginia,  July  22,  1837. 

Thompson,  Richard  W.;  was  born  in  Culpep- 
per  County,  Virginia,  June  9,  1809;  received  a  good 
English  and  classical  education;  his  love  of  adven 
ture  led  him  into  the  wilds  of  Kentucky  before  he 
became  of  age;  in  1831  settled  in  Louisville,  and  be 
came  a  clerk  in  an  extensive  mercantile  house;  tiring 
of  this,  removed  to  Lawrence  County,  Indiana;  taught 
school  for  a  few  months,  but  again  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  merchandise,  selling  goods,  and  studying  law 
at  the  same  time;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834, 
and  was  almost  immediately  elected  to  the  Indiana 
Legislature;  was  re-elected  in  1835;  in  1836  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  served  two  years,  and 
was,  for  a  time,  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate,  and 
acting  Lieutenant-Governor;  was  a  Presidential  Elect 
or  in  1840,  and  voted  for  General  Harrison,  whose 
election  he  zealously  advocated  with  his  pen  and  on 
the  stump;  in  1841  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1843;  in  1844  was 
again  chosen  a  Presidential  Elector;  was  again  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Indiana  from  1847  to 
1849,  when  he  declined  a  re-election;  President  Tay 
lor  tendered  him  the  appointment  of  Charge  d' Affaires 
to  Austria,  and  President  Fillmore  the  office  of  Re 
corder  of  the  General  Land  Office,  both  of  which  he 
declined;  in  1804  was  elected  a  Presidential  Elector; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Chicago  Convention  of 
1868;  was  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  the  Cabinet  of 
President  Hayes,  from  1877  to  1881 ;  resigned  to  be 
come  Vice-President  of  the  Panama  Canal  Company. 

Thompson,  Robert  A.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1847  to  1849. 

Thompson,  Smith ;  was  born  in  Amenia,  New 
York,  in  1767;  graduated  at  New  Jersey  College  in 
1788;  studied  law  with  Chancellor  Kent;  in  1801  was 
District  Attorney  in  the  Middle  District  of  New  York; 


was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  from 
1802  to  1814;  was  Chief  Justice  from  1814  to  1818; 
was  Secretary  of  the  Navy  from  1818  to  1823;  was  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
from  1823  until  his  death;  received  the  degree  of 
LL  D.  from  Yale  College  in  1824,  and  from  Harvard 
University  in  1835.  Died  at  Poughkeepsie,  New 
York,  December  18,  1843. 

Thompson,  Thomas  "W.;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1786;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1805  to  1807;  was  State 
Treasurer  in  1809;  was  a  United  States  Senator  from 
1814  to  1817;  was  a  neighbor,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
friends,  of  Daniel  Webster.  Died  at  Concord,  in 
October,  1820,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

Thompson,  Waddy;  was  born  at  Pickinsville, 
South  Carolina,  September  8,  1798;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1814;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  his  native  State;  was,  at  one  time,  Solicitor 
for  the  Western  Circuit  of  South  Carolina;  was 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector;  attained  the  military 
title  of  Brigadier-General;  in  1842  was  appointed 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Mexico,  about  which 
country  he  published  an  interesting  work;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1841.  serv 
ing  in  1840  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs.  Died  in  Tallahassee,  Florida,  Novem 
ber  23, 18G8. 

Thompson,  Wiley;  was  a  native  of  Amelia 
County,  Virginia;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1821  to  1833. 

Thompson,  William;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  having  settled  in  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to 
1851;  served  through  the  War  of  the  Rebellion, 
upwards  of  four  years,  as  Captain,  Major,  and 
Colonel  in  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry,  and,  as  Brevet 
Brigadier-General,  had  command  of  a  Brigade;  was 
subsequently  appointed  a  Captain  of  Cavalry  in  the 
Regular  Army. 

Thompson,  William  Gr.;  was  born  in  Butler 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  17,  1830;  was  reared 
on  a  farm;  received  a  common  school  education,  and 
attended  Witherspoon  Institute,  Pennsylvania,  for 
two  years;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1853;  in  that  year  removed  to  Marion,  Iowa;  in 
1854  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  two  years; 
in  1856  was  elected  a  State  Senator  for  four  years; 
entered  the  Union  Army  in  1862  as  a  Major,  and 
served  until  18(>4;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1864: 
was  elected  District  Attorney  for  the  Eighth  Judicial 
District  of  Iowa,  and  served  seven  years;  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory  of  Idaho  in 
January  1879,  and  resigned  in  April  of  the  same 
year;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the 
Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Thomson,  Alexander;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1824  to  18:26.  Died  at 
his  residence  in  Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  August 
2,  1848,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

Thomson,  Charles;  was  born  at  Maghera, 
Derry,  Ireland,  November  29,  1729;  in  1741  landed, 
with  his  three  sisters,  at  New  Castle,  Delaware,  with 
no  other  dependence  than  their  own  industry;  edu 
cated  by  D.  Allison,  he  became  a  teacher  at  the 
Friends'  Academy  at  New  Castle;  removing  to  Phila 
delphia,  obtained  the  advice  and  friendship  of  Dr. 
Franklin;  in  1758  was  one  of  the  agents  to  treat 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


499 


with  the  Indians  at  Oswego;  the  Delawares  adopted 
hiiUp  and  conferred  on  him  an  Indian  name  which 
means,  "one  who  speaks  the  truth";  was  Secretary 
of  Congress  from  1774  to  1789 ;  was  a  good  classical 
scholar;  was  the  author  of  the  "Harmony  of  the  Five 
Gospels";  a  translation  of  the  Old  arid  New  Testa 
ments,  and  an  Inquiry  into  the  cause  of  the  Aliena 
tion  of  the  Delawares  and  Shawnee  Indians;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  New  Jersey  College 
in  1822. 

Thomson,  John  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1777;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1821)  to  1837.  Died  at  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  December 
2,  1852. 

Thomson,  John  R.;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  September  5,  1800;  entered  Princeton 
College,  but  left  in  the  junior  year,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  mercantile  pursuits,  making  a  voyage  to 
China  in  1817,  and  in  1820  established  himself  as  a 
merchant  in  Canton,  China;  was  appointed  Consul  of 
the  United  States  at  that  port  in  1823,  and  remained 
there  until  1825;  after  the  year  1830  engaged  in  the 
management  of  several  railways  and  of  the  New  Jer 
sey  Canal;  in  1841- was  a  member  of  the  "  Constitu 
tional  Convention  "  of  New  Jersey;  was  United 
States  Senator  from  New  Jersey  from  1853  to  1857; 
was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1863;  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs,  and  on 
the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads;  was  offered  a  seat  in 
the  Cabinet  of  President  Buchanan,  which  he  de 
clined.  Died  at  Trenton,  September  13,  1862. 

Thorington,  James ;  -was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  removing  to  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Thornburgh,  Jacob  M.;  was  born  in  New 
market,  East  Tennessee,  July  3,  1837;  was  educated 
at  Holston  College;  read  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1861;  in  1862  joined  the  Federal  Army  in  Kentucky, 
and  was  promoted  until  he  became  Colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Tennessee  Cavalry  in  1863;  served  under 
Generals  Rosecrans,  Sherman,  Thomas,  and  Canby 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to  East 
Tennessee,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1867 
removed  to  Knoxville,  and  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  Third  District  of  Tennessee;  was 
elected  to  the  same  position  in  1869  and  1870;  was 
elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fourth  and  Forty-fifth  Congresses. 

Thornton,  Anthony;  was  born  in  Bourbon 
County,  Kentucky,  November  9,  1814;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Miami,  in  Ohio;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  in  1847  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  Illinois;  in 
1850  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  in  18G2 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  of  Claims  and  the  Select  Commit 
tee  on  the  Bankrupt  Law;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "  National  Union  Convention  "  of  1866. 

Thornton,  James  B. ;  was  born  at  Merrimac, 
New  Hampshire;  was  Speaker  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1829  and  1830;  was  the  author  of  "  Digest  of 
the  Conveyancing,  Testamentary,  and  Registry  Laws 
of  the  United  States  "  in  1837;  was  Charge  d' Affaires 
to  Peru  in  1836;  was  a  grandson  of  Matthew  Thorn 
ton,  signer  of  the  "  Declaration  of  Independence." 
Died  at  Callao,  January  25,  1838,  aged  thirty-seven 
years. 


Thornton,  Matthew;  was  born  in  Ireland  in 
1714;  came  to  this  country,  with  his  father,  in  1717; 
studied  medicine  in  Massachusetts;  settled  to  prac 
tice  in  New  Hampshire;  was  appointed  a  Surgeon  in 
the  army ;  commanded  a  regiment  of  militia  in  the 
Revolutionary  War;  was  President  of  the  "Provin 
cial  Convention"  of  New  Hampshire;  was,  for  six 
years,  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas;  wasaDelegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1776  to  1778,  and 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence:  also  served,  for  several  years,  in  the  Gen 
eral  Court  and  in  the  State  Senate;  was  appointed 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Quorum  throughout  the 
State.  Died  at  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  June 
24,  1803. 

Thornton,  William;  was  born  in  Tortola;  set 
tled  in  Washington  about  the  time  the  Seat  of  Gov 
ernment  was  established  there;  in  1802  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  Patent  Office,  the  title  being 
afterwards  changed  to  Commissioner;  remained  in  the 
office  until  1827,  when  he  died;  was  the  first  man  ap 
pointed  to  take  charge  of  the  Bureau,  which  has 
since  become  so  important;  was  also  one  of  the  first 
to  act  as  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  in  Wash 
ington. 

Thorp,  "William. ;  was  a  native  of  Delaware;  was 
elected  Governor  of  that  State  in  1846,  remaining  in 
office  until  1851. 
• 

Throckmorton,  James  W.;  was  born  at  Sparta, 
Tennessee,  February  7,  1825;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Texas  in  1841;  was  a  member  of  the  Texas 
Legislature  in  1851,  and  served  in  that  body  until  the 
Civil  War  in  1861;  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Secession  Convention  of  Texas,  and  was  one  of  the 
seven  who  voted  against  that  ordinance;  in  1861 
entered  the  Confederate  service,  and  continued 
actively  engaged  until  1863;  in  that  year  was  elected 
State  Senator;  was  appointed  Brigadier-General  of 
State  troops,  and  sent  to  command  the  north-west 
border  of  the  State;  at  the  time  of  the  surrender  was 
negotiating,  for  Texas  and  the  Confederate  States, 
with  the  Indians  between  the  Rio  Grande  and  the 
Arkansas  Rivers;  was  a  member  of  the  Reconstruc 
tion  Convention  under  President  Johnson's  procla 
mation,  and  chosen  presiding  officer;  was  elected 
Governor  of  Texas  in  1866,  and  was  removed  under 
the  Reconstruction  Acts  of  1869;  in  1874  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty -fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was 
also  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Throop,  Enos  T.;  was  born  in  Johnstown,  Mont 
gomery  County,  New  York,  August  21,  1784;  while 
performing  the  duties  of  an  attorney's  clerk,  acquired 
a  classical  education;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Auburn;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  during 
the  years  1815  and  1816;  in  1823  was  elected  Circuit 
Judge;  in  1829  became  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New 
York,  and  in  1831  was  Governor  of  that  State;  in 
1838  was  appointed  Charge  d? Affaires  to  the  Two 
Sicilies. 

Thruston,  Buckner;  was  born  in  Virginia, 
about  the  year  1763;  emigrated,  in  early  life,  to  Ken 
tucky,  and,  being  possessed  of  superior  talents,  was 
soon  called  into  the  public  service;  was  appointed 
Federal  Judge  in  the  Territory  of  Orleans  in  1805; 
was,  the  same  year,-  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate  from  Kentucky  for  six  years;  resigned 
in  1809,  on  being  appointed,  by  President  Madison, 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  of  the  Dis- 


500 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


trict  of  Columbia,  which  office  he  held  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Washington,  August  30, 
1845. 

Thurman,  Allen  G.;  was  born  in  Lynchburg, 
Virginia,  November  13,  1813;  removed  to  Ohio  in 
'1819-  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1835;  was 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Twenty-ninth  Con 
gress-  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio  in  1851;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  same  from 
1854  to  1856;  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Gov 
ernor  of  Ohio  in  1867;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  that  State  for  the  term  commencing 
in  186U  and  ending  in  1875,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Judiciary,  and  Post  Offices  and 
Roads;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  It  181, 
serving  on  the  most  important  Committees,  and  as 
Chairman  of  that  on  Land  Claims;  resumed  the 
practice  of  law. 

Thurman,  John  B.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1849  to  1851.  Died  in 
New  York,  July  25,  1854. 

Thurston,  Benjamin  B.;  was  born  in  Hopkin- 
ton,  Rhode  Island,  June  29,  1804;  received  a  common 
school  education;  was  bred  a  merchant;  was  elected 
fourteen  years  in  succession  to  the  Assembly  of  his 
native  State;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1836;  in 
1838  was  Lieutenant-Governor;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island  from  1847  to  1849, 
and  again  from  1851  to  1857;  was  subsequently  ele^ed 
a  member  of  the  Senate  of  Rhode  Island;  removed  to 
New  London,  Connecticut,  where  he  died  May  17, 
1886. 

Thurston,  Samuel  B.;  was  born  in  Maine; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1813;  was  a  Dele 
gate  in  Congress  from  the  Territory  of  Oregon  from 
1849  to  185L  Died  on  board  the  steamer  California, 
on  her  passage  from  Panama  to  San  Francisco,  April 
9,  1851. 

Tibbatts,  John  W.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1847;  also  served  as  a  Colonel  in  the 
Mexican  War.  Died  in  Newton,  Kentucky,  July  12, 
1852,  aged  fifty  years. 

Tibbetts,  George ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1803  to  1805;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Rensselaer  County  in 
1802  and  1820,  and  of  the  State  Senate  from  1815  to 
1818. 

Tichenor,  Isaac ;  was  born  at  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  February  8,  1754;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1775;  was  an  officer  of  the  Revolution;  was  a 
Judge,  and  Chief  Justice,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  during  the  sessions 
of  1796  and  1797,  when  he  resigned;  was  Governor  of 
Vermont  from  1798  to  1800;  was  again  in  the  Senate 
from  1815  to  1821;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Coun 
cil  of  Censors  in  1792  and  1813;  was  a  Boundary 
Commissioner,  and  a  General  Agent  of  the  Govern 
ment.  Died  at  Bennington,  Vermont,  December  11, 
1838. 

Tiffin,  Edward;  was  born  at  Carlisle,  England, 
June  19,  1766;  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1786,  and  settled  at  Charlestown,  Virginia;  removed 
to  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in  1798;  was  Speaker  of  the  Ter 
ritorial  Legislature  in  1799;  was  President  of  the 
Ohio  Constitutional  Convention  in  1802;  was  elected 
first  Governor  of  the  State  from  1803  to  1807;  was 
United  States  Senator  from  Ohio  from  1807  to  1809; 


was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office,  in  1812,  by  President  Madison;  resigned  in 
1815,  when  appointed  Surveyor-General  of  the  Notfh- 
west,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Chillicothe,  August  9,  1829. 

Tift,  Nelson ;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Department. 
Declined,  by  letter,  to  give  the  author  any  informa 
tion  about  himself. 

Tilden,  Daniel  B.;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
having  settled  in  Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1843  to  1847. 

Tilden,  Samuel  J.;  was  born  in  New  Lebanon, 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  in  1814,  of  old  Puritan 
stock;  received  his  education  at  Yale  College,  and  the 
University  of  New  York;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  in  1846  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  : 
soon  afterwards  to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion,  and  also  to  that  held  in  1867,  of  which  he  was  a 
ruling  member,  as  well  as  at  the  head  of  the  State 
Democratic  Committee;  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1870;  in  1874  was  elected  Governor  of 
New  York,  in  which  capacity  he  was  called  to  grapple 
with  some  of  the  most  noted  corruptions  of  the  State, 
winning  the  approbation  of  good  men  of  all  political 
parties;  as  a  lawyer,  was  engaged  in  many  important 
trials;  was  identified  with  many  leading  business  en 
terprises  of  the  country;  in  1876  was  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  President  of  the  United  States,  and  re 
ceived  a  majority  of  the  popular  votes  cast,  but  was 
defeated  by  one  vote  in  the  Electoral  College;  it  was 
the  outcry  against  the  method  of  his  defeat  which 
caused  the  appointment  of  the  Electoral  Commission 
which  decided  in  favor  of  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  by  a 
vote  of  8  to  7.  Mr.  Tilden  died  at  his  country  seat, 
"Greystone,"  August  4,  1886. 

Tilgfhman,  Matthew ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Maryland  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to 

1777. 

Tilghman,  William ;  was  born  in  Talbot  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  August  12,  1756;  removed  to  Philadel 
phia  with  his  father;  commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
1774;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1783;  began  to  prac 
tice  in  Philadelphia  in  1793;  was  appointed  Chief 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  in  1801 ;  be 
came  President  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in 
1805;  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  Su-  . 
preme  Court  in  1806,  in  place  of  Edward,  who  de 
clined;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  for  several 
years,  from  1788;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  University  in  1814;  was  President  of  the 
Philosophical  Society  in  1824;  in  1809  prepared  a  re-  i 
port  of  the  English  Statutes  in  force  within  the  ; 
State;  an  eulogium  on  Dr.  Wistar  in  1818;  an  address 
before  the  Philadelphia  Society  for  promoting  agri 
culture.  Died  in  Philadelphia. 

Tillinghast,  Joseph  L.;  was  born  in  Taunton, 
Massachusetts,  in  1791 ;  removed  to  Rhode  Island  in 
his  boyhood;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  181 9, 
and  received  the  degree  of  M.  A. ;  in  1833  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that  institu 
tion;  studied  law,  and  devoted  himself  to  its  prac 
tice  in  Providence,  with  marked  success  for  thirty 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Rhode 
Island  from  1837  to  1843;  was,  for  many  years,  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  elected 
Speaker  on  several  occasions;  to  him  was  awarded  the 
authorship  of  the  free  schools,  and  improved  judi 
ciary  system  of  his  native  State.  Died  December  30, 
1844,  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


501 


Tillinghast,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  Rhode  Is 
land;  was.  for  many  years,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  that  State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Rhode  Island  from  1797  to  1799,  and  again  from 
1801  to  1803. 

Tillman,  George  D.;  was  born  in  Edgefield 
County,  South  Carolina,  August  21,  1826;  received  an 
academic  education,  and  studied  for  some  time  at 
Harvard  College;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848;  practiced,  for  some  time,  at  Edgefield 
Court  House;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives  in  1854  and  1855,  and  again  in  1864; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  from  1862  to  1865; 
engaged  in  cotton  planting;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1865,  and  a  State 
Senator  in  that  year;  was  an  unsuccessful  contestant 
for  a  seat  in  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  South  Carolina  to  the  Forty- 
sixth  Congress;  was  again  defeated  in  the  contest  for 
a  seat  in  the  Forty -seventh  Congress;  was  again 
elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Tillman,  Lewis ;  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Tennessee,  August  18,  1816;  received  a  common 
school  education;  devoted  himself  to  farming;  was 
Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  frpin  1852  to  1860;  of  the 
Chancery  Court  from  1865  to  1868;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Patents,  and 
Freedmen's  Affairs. 

Tilton,  Daniel ;  was  appointed,  by  President 
Adams,  in  1798,  United  States  Judge  for  the  Terri 
tory  of  Mississippi. 

Tilton,  James  ;  was  born  in  Delaware,  June  1, 
1751 ;  was  a  physician  by  profession,  and  became  dis 
tinguished  as  a  Surgeon  during  the  Revolutionary 
War;  from  1777  to  the  close  of  the  war,  acted  as 
Hospital  Surgeon,  and  introduced  the  use  of  hospital 
huts;  after  the  war  resided  for  a  few  years  on  a  farm 
in  his  native  State;  was  a  Delegate  in  the  Conti 
nental  Congress  from  1783  to  1785;  in  1785  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Loans;  in  1812  was  ap 
pointed  Surgeon-General  of  the  United  States  Army; 
published  "Observations  on  Military  Hospitals," 
and  some  papers  on  agriculture.  Died  May  14, 1822. 

Tipton,  John ;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1785; 
removed  to  Indiana  in  1806;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Indiana  from  1831  to  1839.  Died  at  Lo- 
gansport,  of  apoplexy,  in  1839. 

Tipton,  Thomas  F.;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Ohio,  August  29,  1833;  removed  to  McLean 
County,  Illinois,  in  1843;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
was  State's  Attorney  for  the  Eighth  Judicial  District 
in  1867  and  1868;  "was  elected  Judge  of  the  Eighth 
Judicial  Circuit  in  1870,  and  under  the  re-organiza 
tion  of  Circuits  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Fourteenth 
Judicial  Circuit;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Illinois  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Tipton,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Harrison 
County,  Ohio,  in  1817;  spent  his  early  life  on  a  farm; 
graduated  at  Madison  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1840; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1844;  in  1845 
was  elected  to  the  Ohio  Legislature;  was  for  three 
years  at  the  head  of  a  Division  of  the  General  Land 
Office  in  Washington;  removed  to  Nebraska  Ter 
ritory,  and  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  "Constitu 
tional  Convention";  in  1860  was  a  Councilman  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature;  having  studied  theology, 
served  during  the  Rebellion  as  Chaplain  of  the  First 


Regiment  of  Nebraska  Infantry;  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress  from  the  new  State  of  Nebraska  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1867  and  ending  in  1869, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture,  Pensions, 
and  Public  Lands. 

Titcomb,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Newbury, 
Massachusetts,  in  1728;  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Safety,  and  of  the  Provincial  Congress  in 
1774  and  1775;  was  a  Colonel  of  a  Regiment  in  the 
Rhode  Island  Expedition  in  1778;  was  a  member  of 
the  Slate  Convention  in  1780;  was  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  of  Militia;  was  Naval  officer  of  Newburyport 
from  1789  to  1812.  Died  in  1817. 

Titus,  John;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was  ap 
pointed,  from  that  State,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Arizona; 
was  subsequently  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
same  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah,  presiding  at 
Salt  Lake  City. 

Titus,  Obediah ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1837  to  1839. 

Tod,  David ;  was  born  at  Youngstown,  Ohio, 
February  21,  1805;  studied  law  with  his  father,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827;  practiced  at  Warren 
fifteen  years;  in  1838  was  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate;  in  1840  took  the  stump  for  Van  Buren;  in  1844 
was  nominated  for  Governor,  but  defeated  by  a  small 
majority;  was  Minister  to  Brazil  from  1847  to  1852; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Charleston  Convention  in  1860, 
and  was  first  Vice-President  of  that  body;  when  the 
Southern  wing  of  that  party  withdrew  to  Baltimore, 
he  was  its  President;  warmly  advocated  the  Peace 
Measures  before  and  after  the  Peace  Congress  at 
Washington;  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in  1862, 
and  gave  his  support  to  the  Government  during  his 
term  of  two  years.  Died  at  Youngstown,  Ohio,  No 
vember,  13,  1868. 

Todd,  Charles  S.;  was  born  near  Danville,  Ken 
tucky,  January  22,  1791;  was  educated  at  the  best 
schools  of  the  State;  graduated  at  William  and  Mary 
College  in  1809;  studied  law  with  his  father,  Judge 
Thomas  Todd,  and  attended  lectures  at  Litchfield; 
practiced  at  Lexington  in  1811;  entered  the  army  in 
1812  as  Acting  Quartermaster  of  the  Northwestern 
Division;  was  on  General  Harrison's  staff,  and  bearer 
of  dispatches  to  General  Winchester  previous  to  the 
battle  of  the  River  Raison;  was  Captain  of  the  Sev 
enteenth  United  States  Infantry;  then  Aid  to  the 
Commander;  was  Deputy  Inspector-General  of  the 
Eighth  Military  District;  then  Adjutant-General;  in 
1815  was  Inspector-General,  with  rank  of  Brevet- 
Colonel  of  Cavalry;  after  the  war  practiced  law  in 
Frankfort;  was  Secretary  of  State  under  Madison  in 
1816;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1817  and 
1818;  was  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Colombia  from  1818  to 
1823;  on  his  return  settled  in  Shelby  County  as  a 
farmer;  was  Vice-President  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society  for  several  years;  prepared  sketches  ol  tin. 
life  of  Harrison  in  1840;  edited  the  Cincinnati  Re 
publican;  accompanied  ^General  Harrison  to  Wash 
ington  in  1841;  was  selected  by  him  as  Minister  to 
Vienna,  but  the  death  of  the  President  prevented  the 
appointment;  received  the  mission  to  St.  Petersburg, 
from  President  Tyler,  in  1841,  and  held  the  position 
until  recalled  by  President  Polk,  in  1845,  after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life  in  Kentucky.  Died 
at  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana,  May  14,  1871. 

Todd,  John ;  was  born  at  Hartford,  Connecticut; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania 
from  1821  to  1824.  Died  March  28,  1830. 


502 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Todd,  John  B.  S.;  was  born  at  Lexington,  Ken 
tucky,  April  4,  1814;  when  thirteen  years  of  age 
went,  with  his  parents,  to  Illinois;  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  1837;  served  in  the  army  eighteen  years, 
rendering  much  important  service;  after  his  retire 
ment  from  the  army,  became  a  trader  with  the  In 
dians;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  Dakota;  when  the  Rebellion  commenced,  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General,  and  commanded  a 
division  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee;  was  re-elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  where  he  served  until  1865; 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  Yankton,  and  claimed  as 
the  leading  citizen  of  Dakota  in  his  time.  Died  at 
Yanktou,  January  5,  1872.  He  was  connected,  by 
marriage,  with  Abraham  Lincoln  and  John  C.  Breck- 
enridge. 

Todd,  Lemuel;  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pennsyl 
vania,  July  29,  1817;  graduated  at  Dickinson  Col 
lege;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress;  served  in  the  Rebellion  as 
Major  of  the  First  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Reserve  Corps,  and  afterwards  as  Inspector-General 
of  Pennsylvania;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Navy  De 
partment  and  Elections. 

Todd,  Thomas ;  was  born  in  King  and  Queen 
County,  Virginia,  January  23,  1765;  was  left  an  or 
phan  at  the  age  of  eleven;  received  a  good  English 
education;  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution;  emi 
grated  to  Kentucky  in  1786,  and  began  to  practice 
law  at  Danville ;  was  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of 
Kentucky  until  1799;  was  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Appeals  from  1799  to  1801;  was  Judge  of  that  Court 
from  1801  to  1806:  was  Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky  in 
1806  and  1807;  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  from  1807  until  his  death,  which  occurred  i 
February  7,  1826.  Was  the  father  of  Charles  Scott 
Todd. 

Toland,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1816;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1837  to  1843. 

Tomlinson,  Gideon;  was  born  at  Stratford, 
Connecticut,  December  31,  1780;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1802;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the  pro 
fession  in  Fairfield;  in  1818  was  chosen  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  in  which  office  he  was  continued 
till  1827;  in  that  year  was  chosen  Governor  of  Con 
necticut,  and  remained  in  that  station  until  March, 
1831,  when,  on  being  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  he  resigned  his  office  as  Governor;  after  six 
years'  service  retired  to  private  life.  Died  October 
8,  1854,  at  Fail-field,  Connecticut. 

Tomlinson,  Thomas  A.;  was  born  in  New 
York;  served  in  the  State  Assembly  from  Essex 
County  in  1835  and  1836;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1841  to  1843. 

Tomkins,  Caleb;  was  born  in  Westchester 
County,  New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  from  that  County  from  18J4  to  1806;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1817  to  1821. 

Tomkins,  Christopher;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1831  to  1835  Died 
at  Glasgow,  Kentucky,  in  1845. 

Tomkins,  Cydnor  B.;  was  born  in  Belmont 
County,  Ohio,  November  8,  1810;  was  educated  at  the 
Ohio  University,  at  Athens;  was  bred  a  farmer-  after 
wards  studied  law;  practiced  for  twenty-two'years- 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- 


I  fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  Militia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs. 

Tomkins,  Daniel  D.;  was -born  in  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  June  21,  1774;  his  father  was  a 
farmer,  and  he  was  the  seventh  son;  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  in  1795;  then  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  the  City  of  New  York  in 
1797;  in  1821  was  a  member  of  the  "Constitutional 
Convention"  of  the  State;  also  served  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1805  to  1807;  resigned  to  accept  an  ap 
pointment  as  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State;  in  1807  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State,  and  held  that  office  two  years;  his  aid  in 
support  of  the  National  Government  during  the  War 
of  1812  gave  him  prominence  as  a  statesman;  he 
prorogued  the  State  Legislature  in  1812  for  the  space 
often  months,  to  prevent  the  establishment  of  the 
Bank  of  America  in  the  City  of  New  York;  his  op 
position  postponed,  but  did  not  defeat  the  measure, 
and  a  charter  was  granted  in  1813:  in  1817  resigned 
the  office  of  Governor,  and  was  elected  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States;  served  two  years.  Died  in 
New  York,  June  11,  1825. 

Tompkins,  George  ;  was  an  early  settler  of  Mis 
souri;  was  a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  from 
1828  to  1840;  was  its  Chief  Justice  from  1840  to  1846. 
Died  near  Jefferson  City,  Missouri,  April  7,  1846, 
aged  sixty-six  years. 

Tompkins,  Patrick  "W.;  was  born  in  Ken 
tucky;  settling  in  Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1847  to 
1849. 

Toole,  Joseph  Kemp  ;  was  born  at  Savannah, 
Missouri,  May  12,  1851;  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Saint  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  at  the  Western 
Military  Academy,  at  New  Castle,  Kentucky;  settled 
at  Helena,  Montana;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Helenn, 
Montana;  in  1872  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  the 
Third  Judicial  District  in  Montana;  was  re-elected, 
in  1874,  without  opposition;  in  1881  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  the  Twelfth  Legislative 
Assembly  of  Montana,  and  was  chosen  President  of 
the  Council;  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  which  met  in  Helena  in  January, 
1884;  in  1884  was  elected  the  Delegate  from  Montana 
to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

Toombs,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Wilkes  County, 
Georgia,  July  2,  1810;  the  first  three  years  of  his 
collegiate  life  were  spent  at  the  University  of 
Georgia,  but  he  left  it  during  the  senior  year;  went 
to  Schenectady,  New  York,  and  graduated  at  Union 
College;  read  law  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
under  Judge  Lomas;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Georgia  in  1829,  and  practiced  until  his  election  to 
Congress  in  1845;  his  first  public  service  was  as  Cap 
tain  of  Volunteers  in  the  Creek  War,  in  1836,  under 
General  Winfield  Scott;  in  1837  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  from  his  native  County,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  1841,  continued  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  until  his  election  to  the  Federal  House  of 
Representatives,  where  he  served  during  the  Twenty- 
ninth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty-first,  and  Thirty-second 
Congresses;  entered  the  Senate  during  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  for  six  years,  and  was  re-elected  for  a 
second  term  ending  March  4,  1865;  was  expelled  March 
14,  1861,  and  became  Secretary  of  State  in  the  Con 
federate  Government;  was  also  a  Brigadier-General  in 
the  great  Rebellion.  Died  December  14,  1885. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


503 


Toucey,  Isaac;  was  born  in  Newtown,  Connec 
ticut,  Novembers,  1796;  received  a  thorough  classi 
cal  education;  studied  law,  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  at  Hartford  in  1818;  was  appointed  State's  Attor 
ney  in  1822,  and  continued  to  hold  that  office  until 
1835;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  from  1835  to  1839;  was  Governor  of  the  State 
from  1846  to  1847;  was  appointed  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States  by  President  Polk ;  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1850;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1852 
to  1857;  in  March  of  the  latter  year  went  into  Presi 
dent  Buchanan's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
serving  as  such  until  1861;  subsequently  founded 
two  scholarships  in  Trinity  College.  Died  in  Hart 
ford,  July  30,  1869. 

Toulmin,  Harry;  was  born  at  Taunton,  En 
gland,  in  1767;  was  a  dissenting  minister  at  Choro- 
bert,  Lancashire;  came  to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  in  1793; 
was  President  of  Transylvania  University  from  1794 
to  1796;  Secretary  of  State  of  Kentucky  from  1796  to 
1804;  was  appointed  Judge  of  United  States  District 
Court  of  Mississippi  in  1804;  compiled  Digest  of  Ter 
ritorial  Laws  of  Alabama  in  1823;  assisted  in  fram 
ing  the  Constitution  of  Alabama  in  her  Convention, 
and  served  in  the  Legislature;  was  the  author  of 
"Description  of  Kentucky,"  8vo,  1802;  "Magis 
trate's  Assistant,"  8vo;  "Supposed  Welsh  Indians," 
Nic.  Journal,  1809;  "Collection  of  the  Acts  of  Ken 
tucky,"  1802,  and,  with  James  Blair,  "Review  of 
the  Criminal  Law  of  Kentucky,"  8vo,  1804. 

Towles,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Ireland;  WRS 
well  educated;  in  1815  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Illinois;  after  the  State 
government  had  been  organized,  was  appointed  Dis 
trict  Judge,  but  held  the  office  only  a  short  time. 

Towns,  George  "W.;  was  born  in  Wilkes  Coun 
ty,  Georgia,  May  4,  1802;  was  prevented,  by  ill- 
health,  from  receiving  a  collegiate  education,  and 
commenced  life  as  a  merchant;  afterwards  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Alabama  in  1824, 
and,  for  a  time,  edited  a  political  paper;  in  1826  re 
turned  to  Georgia,  and  settled  in  Talbot  County; 
served,  for  several  years,  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to 
1839,  and  was  again  elected  in  1846;  his  last  public 
position  was  that  of  Governor  of  Georgia,  to  which 
office  lie  was  elected  in  1847,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1849.  Died  at  Macon,  July  15,  1854. 

Townsend,  Amos;  was  born  in  Fayette  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1831;  removed  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  at  an  early  age;  engaged  in  commercial  pur 
suits;  served  in  the  City  Council  for  ten  years,  seven 
years  as  President  of  the  Council;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1873;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Townsend,  Dwight ;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York  in  1826;  was  educated  at  the  Grammar 
School  of  Columbia  College;  entered  mercantile  life 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age;  retired  from  business 
in  1862;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Henry  G.  Steb- 
bins,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Coinage,  Weights 
and  Measures;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Townsend,  George;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1815  to  1819. 

Townsend,  James  ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Second  Congress.  Died 
.  1791. 


Townsend,  Martin  I.;  was  born  at  Hancock, 
Massachusetts,  February  6,  1810;  was  educated  at 
Williams  College,  and  graduated  in  1833;  from  1818 
to  1833  resided  upon  a  farm  with  his  parents,  at  Wil- 
liamstown,  Massachusetts;  in  1833  began  the  practice 
of  law  at  Troy,  New  York;  was  District  Attorney  of 
Rensselaer  County  from  1842  to  1845;  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  for  the  State  at 
Large  in  1867  and  1868;  for  several  years  a  Regent  of 
the  University  of  New  York ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  declined  a 
re-nomination;  in  1879  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney. 

Townsend,  N.  S.;  was  born  in  England;  settled 
in  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Townsend,  "Washington ;  was  born  in  West- 
chester,  Pennsylvania,  in  1813;  in  1832  became  a  tel 
ler  in  the  Bank  of  Chester  County,  during  which  ser 
vice  he  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1844; 
served  two  terms  as  Deputy  State's  Attorney;  was 
Cashier  of  the  Chester  County  Bank,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  1857,  to  devote  all  his  attention  to  the 
practice  of  law;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Baltimore 
National  Convention  of  1852,  and  also  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1800;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-first  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands,  and 
Education  and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the  three 
succeeding  Congresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Townshend,  Richard  W.;  was  born  in  Prince 
George's  County,  Maryland,  April  30,  1840;  removed 
to  Washington  City,  District  of  Columbia,  when  ten 
years  of  age,  and  there  received  a  good  education;  in 
1858  removed  to  Illinois;  taught  school;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862;  was  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Hamilton  County  from  1863  to 
1868;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Twelfth 
Judicial  Circuit  of  the  State  from  1868  to  1872;  in 
1873  removed  to  Shawneetown,  Illinois;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee  in 
1864,  1865,  1874  and  1875;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  of  1872;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-fifth, 
Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty- 
ninth  Congresses. 

Tracy,  Albert  H.;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  June  17,  1793;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion;  studied  medicine  with  his  father;  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  removed  to  New  York  State;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815;  served 
three  terms  in  Congress — from  1819  to  18'_'5 — as  a 
Representative  from  a  district  comprising  almost  the 
whole  of  that  part  of  New  York  west  of  Seneca  Lake; 
in  1829  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  New  York  for 
four  years;  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term  of  four 
years;  was  a  supporter  of  Mr.  Adams  for  President, 
and  declined  a  seat  in  his  Cabinet;  also  declined  a 
Judgeship  tendered  by  Governor  Clinton.  Died  at 
Buffalo,  September  19,  1859. 

Tracy,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Vermont;  was 
educated  a  lawyer;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1853  to  1855;  served  ten  years 
in  the  State  Legislature,  a  part  of  the  time  in  each 
House,  and  was  Speaker  from  1842  to  1845.  Died  in 
Woodstock,  Vermont,  October  28,  1868. 

Tracy,  H.  W.;  was  born  in  Luzerne  Connty, 
Pennsylvania,  September  24,  1807;  was  bred  a 
farmer;  devoted  some  attention  to  mercantile  pur- 


504 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


suits;  in  1861  and  1862  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  member  of  the  "Chicago  Conven 
tion"  which  nominated  Mr.  Lincoln  for  President; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Navy  Department;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention"  of  1866. 

Tracy,  Phineas  L.;  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1806;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Genesee  County, 
New  York,  from  1827  to  1833,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  on  Public  Build- 


Tracy,  Uri ;  was  born  in  Franklin,  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1789;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1805  to  1807, 
and  again  from  1809  to  1813.  Died  in  1813. 

Tracy,  Uriah ;  was  born  at  Franklin,  Connecti 
cut,  February  2,  1755;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1778;  read  law  in  Litchfield,  and  settled  in  that 
town;  was  often  chosen  a  State  Representative,  and  in 
1793  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1793  to  1796;  from  1796  to  1807  was 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  officiating  for  a  short 
time  as  President  pro  tan.  of  the  Senate;  was  also  a 
Major-General  of  Militia;  commanded  the  respect  and 
enjoyed  the  friendship  of  the  leading  men  of  his  time. 
Died  at  Washington  City,  July  19,  1807,  and  was  the 
first  person  buried  in  the  Congressional  burying- 
ground. 

Trafton,  Mark ;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Train,  Charles  B.;  was  born  at  Framington, 
Massachusetts,  in  1817;  worked  on  a  farm  until  the 
age  of  fifteen;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1837;  studied  law,  and  finished  his  legal  education  at 
Cambridge,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1841;  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1H47;  from  1848 
to  1851  was  District  Attorney  for  Northern  Massachu 
setts;  in  1852  was  appointed,  by  President  Fillmore, 
an  Associate  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  in 
Oregon,  but  declined  the  office;  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention"  of  1853;  was  a 
second  time  appointed  District  Attorney;  in  1857  and 
1858  served  as  a  member  of  the  State  Council ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Buildings- 
during  the  autumn  of  18(52  served  in  the  army  as  a 
Volunteer  Aid  on  the  Staff  of  his  ii-iend,  General 
Gordon,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Antietara; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Convention"  of 
1864,  and  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention" 
of  1866;  in  1875  was  elected  Attorney-General  of 
Massachusetts. 

Trapier,  Paul ;  was  a  Delegate  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to  1778. 

Tread  well,  John;  was  born  at  Farmington 
Connecticut,  November  23,  1745;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1767;  studied  law;  filled  the  offices  of 
Judge  of  Probate,  and  of  other  Courts;  from  1785  to 
178,'J  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress-  in 
1809  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and 
terved  two  years;  was  the  first  President  of  the 


American  Foreign  Mission  Society,  and  was  a  gen 
eral  contributor  to  that  and  other  charitable  institu 
tions.  Died  August  19,  1823. 

Treat,  Samuel ;  was  born  at  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  December  17,  1815;  was  prepared  for 
college  at  the  Portsmouth  High  School,  of  which  he 
was  Assistant  Principal  for  1832-3;  entered  Harvard 
University  in  1833,  and  graduated  therefrom  in  1837; 
in  1837-8  was  tutor  of  mathematics  and  classics  in 
the  Weld  School,  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Massachusetts; 
was  Principal  of  Temple  Hill  Academy,  Geneseo, 
New  York,  from  1838  to  1841;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841;  became  assistant  editor 
of  the  Missouri  Reporter,  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and 
subsequently  editor-in-chief  of  the  St.  Louis  Union, 
practicing  law  in  addition  to  his  editorial  duties;  in 
1849  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of* Common 
Pleas  of  St.  Louis,  and  in  1851  was  elected  to  that 
position;  while  holding  that  office,  in  1857,  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Missouri. 

Tredway,  William  M.;  was  born  in  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1845  to  1847. 

Tredwell,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Smithtown, 
Suffolk  County,  Long  Island,  in  1742;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1764;  was  a  member  of  the  Pro 
vincial  Congress  of  the  Colony  of  New  York  in  1775 
and  1776;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Convention  of 
Representatives  of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1776 
and  1777,  by  which  the  first  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  New  York  was  adopted,  and  was,  for  many 
years,  the  last  surviving  member  of  that  body;  also 
represented  his  native  county  in  the  Convention  of 
1788,  to  deliberate  upon  the  adoption  of  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and,  with  the  other  "anti-federalists" 
of  that  body,  voted  against  its  adoption;  from  1777 
to  1783  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and  from 
1786  to  1789  of  the  State  Senate  from  the  same 
county;  was  the  first  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Probate 
of  the  State,  serving  from  1778  to  1787;  was  subse 
quently  Surrogate  of  Suffolk  County  from  1787  to 
1791;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  his  native 
District  from  1791  to  1795;  was  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Plattsburg,  Clinton  County,  New  York, 
to  which  place  he  removed  in  its  infancy,  near  the 
close  of  the  last  century;  in  1801  represented  the 
counties  of  Clinton  and  Essex  in  the  "State  Consti 
tutional  Convention"  of  that  year,  of  which  Aaron 
Burr  was  President;  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  served  from  1803  to  1807;  was  appointed 
Surrogate  of  Clinton  County  in  1807,  nnd  held  that 
office  until  1831,  making  an  almost  continuous  term 
of  public  service  of  fifty-six  years;  his  house  and 
farm  at  Plattsburg  were  pillaged  by  the  British  dur 
ing  their  invasion,  in  July,  1813.  Died  at  Platts 
burg,  January  30,  1832.  His  grandson,  Thomas 
Tredwell  Davis,  was  a  member  of  the  Thirty-eighth 
and  Thirty-ninth  Congresses. 

Tree,  Lambert ;  was  born  at  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  November  29,  1832;  received  a 
classical  education ;  read  law  in  the  office  of  James 
Mandeville  Carlisle,  at  Washington,  for  two  years, 
and  completed  his  law  studies  at  the  University  of 
Virginia;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Washington 
City,  in  October,  1855;  a  few  months  later  settled  in 
Chicago,  Illinois,  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1864  was 
elected  President  of  the  Chicago  Law  Institute;  in 
1870  was  elected  one  of  the  Circuit  Judges  at  Chica 
go  to  fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  was  re-elected  for  a 
full  term;  in  1875  resigned  because  of  ill-health,  and 
passed  several  succeeding  years  in  European  travel j 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


505 


in  1884  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  Nationa 
Convention;  in  1885  was  the  candidate  of  the  Dem 
ocrats  in  the  State  Legislature  for  United  States  Sen 
ator,  but  was  defeated,  by  General  John  A.  Logan, 
by  one  vote;  in  July,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Cleveland,  United  States  Minister  to  Belgium. 

Tremain,  Lyman;  was  born  at  Durham,  New 
York,  June  14,  1819;  received  a  liberal  education 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1840;  was  elected 
Supervisor  in  1842;  was  appointed  District  Attorney 
of  Greene  County  in  1844;  was  elected  County  Judge 
and  Surrogate  in  1846;  was  elected  Attorney-General 
of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1858;  in  1866  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  from  the  city  of  Albany,  and  was 
Speaker  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary 
and  other  important  Committees. 

Trenholm,  "William  Lee ;  was  born  at  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  February  3,  1836;  graduated 
from  the  South  Carolina  College  in  December,  1855; 
became  partner  in  the  commercial  houses  of  John 
Eraser  &  Co.,  Charleston;  Trenholm  Bro.'s  &  Co., 
New  York,  and  Fraser,  Trenholm  &  Co.,  Liverpool, 
England;  lived  in  England  two  years;  volunteered 
for  service  with  the  South  Carolina  State  troops  in 
December,  I860;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
throughout  the  War  of  the  Rebellion;  in  1865  re 
sumed  business  in  Charleston;  in  November,  1885, 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Civil 
Service  of  the  United  States;  in  March,  1886,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency  in  the  Department  of  the  Treasury;  with 
two  exceptions,  never  before  held  any  public  office, 
and  was  never  a  candidate  for  any  place  filled  by 
election;  on  both  these  occasions  he  consented  to  run, 
and  was  elected  one  of  the  Aldermen  of  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  on  tickets  specially  made  up  for  an 
unusual  occasion  and  supported  distinctively  by  the 
business  elements  of  the  community. 

Trescott,  William  H.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  received  a  liberal  education;  in  1852  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  Legation  to  London;  in  1860 
received  the  appointment  of  Assistant  Secretary  of 
State  in  Washington;  in  1880  was  sent  as  a  Special 
Envoy  to  China  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  that 
country,  in  which  mission  he  was  successful;  in  1881 
was  sent  as  a  Special  Envoy  to  Chili  and  Peru  to  ex 
ercise  his  good  offices  in  arranging  a  peace  between 
those  two  countries. 

Trezvant,  James ;  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Virginia;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  Attorney 
for  the  State;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
and  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1830;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia  from  1825 
to  1831,  serving  during  his  last  term  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Military  Pensions.  Died  in  1838. 

Trigg,  Abram;  was  a  Representative' in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1809. 

Trigg,  Connally  F.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
moved  to  Tennessee  and  settled  in  Bristol;  in  1862 
was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Tennessee. 

Trigg,  Connally  F.;  was  born  in  Abingdon, 
Virginia,  September  18,  1847;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Abingdon;  in  1872  was  elected  Commonwealth 
Attorney  for  Washington  County,  Virginia;  held  the 
position,  by  successive  re-elections,  until  1884,  when 
he  resigned,  having  been  elected  a  Representative 
from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 


Trigg,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Virginia  from  1797  to  1804. 

Trimble,  Allen ;  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia,  November  24,  1783;  settled  in  Highland 
County,  Ohio,  where  he  was  Clerk  of  the  Courts  and 
Recorder  from  1809  to  1816;  commanded  a  mounted 
regiment  under  Harrison  in  1812  and  1813;  in  1816 
was  a  State  Representative;  from  1817  to  1826  State 
Senator,  and  Speaker  from  1819  to  1826;  was  acting 
Governor  in  1821  and  1822;  was  Governor  from  1826 
to  1830;  was  President  of  the  first  State  Board  of  Agri 
culture  from  1846  to  1848.  Died  in  Hillsborough, 
Ohio,  February  2,  1870. 

Trimble,  Gary  A.;  was  born  at  Hillsborough, 
Ohio,  September  13,  1813;  graduated  at  the  Ohio 
University  in  1833;  studied  medicine,  and  received  a 
medical  diploma  from  the  Cincinnati  Medical  College 
in  1836;  in  1837  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy  in  his  Alma  Mater,  which  position  he  held 
until  1841,  when  he  settled  in  Chillicothe;  in  1839, 
on  account  of  his  health,  retired  from  his  profession, 
and  devoted  himself  to  farming;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Trimble,  David;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  about  the  year  1782;  was  educated  at  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  College;  studied  law,  and  when  he 
came  of  age  removed  to  Kentucky;  was  engaged  in 
the  War  of  1812,  serving  two  campaigns  under  Gen 
eral  Harrison;  in  1817  was  chosen  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky,  and  served  without  interrup 
tion  until  1827,  being  highly  esteemed  for  the  integ 
rity  of  his  principles  and  his  devotion  to  his  public 
duties;  after  his  retirement  from  Congress,  became 
engaged  in  agriculture  and  iron  manufacture,  and  in 
the  latter  interest  did  much  to  develop  the  resources 
of  the  State.  Died  at  Trimble's  Furnace,  Kentucky, 
October  26,  1842. 

Trimble,  John;  was  born  in  Roane  County, 
Tennessee,  February  7,  1812;  graduated  at  the  Nash 
ville  University;  studied  law  and  adopted  the  pro 
fession;  from  1836  to  1841  was  Attorney-General  of 
the  State  for  the  Nashville  District;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Assembly  from  1843  to  1845;  of  the  State 
Senate  from  1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1859  to 
1861;  in  1862  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
District  Attorney  of  the  United  States  for  Middle 
Tennessee,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1864;  was 
again  in  the  State  Senate  from  1865  to  1867,  when  he 
resigned;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Tennes 
see  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Freedmen's  Affairs,  and  Private  Land  Claims. 

Trimble,  Lawrence  S.;  was  born  in  Fleming, 
Kentucky,  August  26,  1825;  received  a  good  English 
education;  studied  law,  and  adopted  that  profession; 
was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  1851 
and  1852;  was  Judge  of  the  Equity  and  Criminal 
Court  of  the  First  Judicial  District  of  the  State  from 
1856  to  1860;  from  1860  to  October,  1865,  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  New  Orleans  and  Ohio  Railroad  Com 
pany;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky 
bo  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  on  Manufactures,  and 
Revenue  Frauds;  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and 
Forty-first  Congresses,  and  was  placed  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Invalid  Pensions  and  Indian  Affairs. 

Trimble,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Berkley  County, 
Virginia,  in  1776;  received  a  good  plain  education; 
studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  1803,  and  settled  in 


506 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Kentucky;  was  soon  afterwards  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1808  was  chosen  Judge  ot  the  Lour 
of  Appeals  but  soon  resigned  the  position;  in  H 
was  made  Chief  Justice  of  the  State;  in  1813  became 
District  Attorney  for   the  State;    in  1816  ™»  ap- 
pointed  Federal  Judge  of  Kentucky,  by   President 
Madison;  in  1826  was  appointed,  by  Presi ident J.  y. 
Adams  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
.States;  a  County  in  Kentucky  was  named  for  him. 
Died  August  25,  1828. 

Trimble,  William ;  was  a  native  of  Kentucky; 
•was  well  educated,  and  a  successful  lawyer;  was  an 
early  emigrant  to  the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  where  he 
was  appointed  United  States  Judge  for  that  Terri 
tory,  remaining  in  office  until  1832. 

Trimble,  "William  A.;  was' born  at  Woodford, 
Kentucky.  April  4,  1786;  was  educated  at  Transyl 
vania  University;  studied  law  with  his  relative, 
Judge  Robert  Trimble,  and  afterwards  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut;  settled  to  practice  in  Highland,  Ohio, 
1811;  was  Adjutant  in  the  regiment  of  his  brother  m 
1812;  was  Major  of  Ohio  Volunteers  in  1812;  was 
Major  Sixth  Infantry  in  1813;  was  brevetted  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  for  gallantry  at  Fort  Erie  sortie  in 
1814,  in  which  he  was  severely  wounded;  was  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  of  First  Infantry  from  1814  to  1819; 
was  United  States  Senator  from  Ohio  from  1819  to 
1821 ;  was  Commissioner  with  General  Cass  to  treat 
with  the  Northwestern  Indians  at  Green  Bay.  Died 
in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  December  13, 
1821. 

Triplett,  Philip ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  183!) 
to  1843. 

Tripp,  Bartlett ;  was  born  at  Harmony,  Maine, 
July  15,  1839;  attended  the  district  school  until 
fifteen  years  of  age;  then  taught  school  and  earned 
the  means  with  which  to  pursue  his  studies;  was 
prepared  for  college  at  the  academies  at  Hartland 
and  Corinne,  Maine;  in  1857  entered  Waterville  Col 
lege;  left  in  his  senior  year,  in  1861,  and  went  to 
California;  was  engaged  in  surveying,  teaching,  and 
studying  law,  in  California,  Nevada,  and  Utah,  for 
four  years;  in  1866  took  the  Law  Course  at  Albany, 
New  York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1867  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Augusta,  Maine,  as 
the  partner  of  Eben  F.  Pillsbury;  in  1868  was  elect 
ed  an  Alderman ;  in  1869  removed  to  Yankton,  Da 
kota,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in 
1878  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Congress;  in 
1883  was  a  Delegate  to  the  first  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  Territory,  and  was  elected  President  of 
that  body;  was  also  President  of  the  new  State  Ex 
ecutive  Committee;  in  1883  was  elected  President  of 
the  Bar  Association  of  the  Second  Judicial  District, 
and,  in  1885,  was  elected  first  President  of  the 
Senatorial  Bar  Association;  in  December,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota  Territory. 

Tripp,  Robert  P.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses. 

Tritle,  Frederick  A.;  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  August  7,  1833;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1855;  in  the  same  year  removed  to  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law; 
in  1859  emigrated  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  settling  at 
Carson  City,  Nevada,  in  1860;  in  1863  removed  to 
Virginia  City,  Nevada,  and  became  President  of  the 


Belcher  Mining  Company,  which  position  he  filled 
until  1868;  in  1866  was  elected  State  Senator  for  an 
uuexpired  term,  and  was  re-elected,  for  a  full  term, 
in  18U8;  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Governor 
in  1870;  engaged  in  the  brokerage  business;  in  1881 
removed  to  Arizona;  in  1882  was  appointed,  by 
President  Arthur,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Ari 
zona  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Trotter,  F.  James ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Mississippi  during  the  year  1838. 

Troup,  George  M.;  was  born  on  the  Tombigbee 
River,  in  Georgia,  September  8,  1780;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College;  studied  law;  in  1800  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Georgia;  was  three  times  re- 
elected;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Geor 
gia,  from  1807  to  1815;  was  a  United  States  Senator 
from  1816  to  1818,  and  from  1829  to  1834;  from  1823 
to  1827  was  Governor  of  Georgia.  Died  in  Lauren* 
County,  Georgia,  May  3,  1856.  He  was  an  advocate  , 
of  State  rights,  and  a  champion  of  State  sovereignty. 

Troup,  Robert ;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1757; 
graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1774;  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  John  Jay;  joined  the  Revolutionary 
Army  at  Long  Island,  as  a  Lieutenant,  in  1776;  was 
shortly  after  appointed  Aid  to  General  Woodhall; 
was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and 
confined  for  some  time  in  the  Jersey  prison-ship,  and 
afterwards  in  the  Provost  prison  in  New  York;  was 
exchanged  in  1777,  and  joined  the  army  in  Ne\v 
Jersey;  joined  General  Gates,  as  Aid,  at  Saratoga, 
and  was  at  the  battle  of  Still  water,  and  at  the  sur 
render  of  Bourgoyne,  in  1777;  was  appointed,  by 
Congress,  in  1778,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  War; 
in  1779  went  to  New  Jersey,  and  completed  his  law 
studies;  after  the  close  of  the  war  became  Judge  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  of  New  York,  and 
held  that  office  many  years;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1822  published  a  letter  on  the 
Lake  Canal  policy  of  New  York;  "Vindication  of 
the  Claim  of  Elkanah  Watson  "  in  1821;  "Remarks 
on  Trinity  Church  Bill"  in  1813;  was  the  warm 
personal  friend  of  Alexander  Hamilton;  resided,  ibr 
many  years,  at  Geneva,  New  York,  as  agent  of  the 
great  Pulteney  estate.  Died  in  New  York,  January 
14,  1822. 

Trousdale,  "William;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  appointed  Colonel  of  Tennessee  Mounted  Volun 
teers  in  the  Florida  War,  in  1836;  Colonel  of  the 
Fourth  United  States  Infantry  in  1847;  Brevet  Brig 
adier-General  in  1848,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  Chapultepec,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded;  was  Governor  of  Tennessee  from  1841  to 
1851;  was  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Brazil  in 
1853. 

Trout,  Michael  C.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State, 
from  1853  to  1855. 

Trowbridge,  Rowland  E.;  was  born  at  El- 
mira,  New  York,  June  18,  1821;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Michigan,  when  a  child;  graduated  at 
Kenyon  College,  Ohio,  in  1841;  devoted  himself  to 
farming;  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  Michigan  in 
1856  and  1858;  in  I860  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office  and  Post 
Roads;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims 
and  Agriculture;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention";  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Agriculture.  Died  at  Detroit,  April  3, 
1883. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


507 


Truett,  George;  was  Governor  of  Delaware  from 
1808  to  1811.  Died  in  Camden,  Delaware,  October 
8,  1818,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Trumbo,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  (now  Bath),  Kentucky,  September  13,  1799; 
received  a  limited  English  education;  at  the  age  of  fif 
teen  went  into  the  County  Clerk's  office,  and  afterwards 
became  clerk;  studied  law,  and  commenced  practice  in 
1824;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress;  was  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors  of 
Kentucky  in  1848. 

Trumbull,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
Connecticut,  June  10,  1710;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1727;  after  a  few  years'  service  in  the 
ministry,  studied  law  and  became  eminent  in  its 
practice;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  at  the  age 
of  twenty-three;  was  chosen  Lieutenant-Governor  in 
1766,  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior  Court;  re 
fused  to  take  t'.ie  oath  enjoined  on  royal  officers;  was 
made  Governor  from  1769  to  1783;  was  the  only  Co 
lonial  Governor  who  took  side  with  the  people;  was 
a  Whig  leader  and  was  relied  on  by  Washington  as 
one  of  his  firm  supporters;  the  phrase  sometimes  used 
by  Washington,  "  Let  us  see  what  Brother  Jonathan 
says,"  is  supposed  to  have  originated  the  term  fre 
quently  applied  to  the  United  States;  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  College  in  1779,  and  from 
Edinburgh  in  1785.  Died  August  17,  1785. 

Trumbull,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
Connecticut,  March  26,  1740;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1759;  in  1775  was  appointed,  by  Congress, 
Paymaster  in  the  Northern  Department  of  the  army, 
and  not  long  after  was  attached  to  the  family  of 
Washington  as  Secretary  and  first  Aid,  in  which  po 
sition  he  continued  until  the  close  of  the  war;  was, 
for  several  years,  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  of  Connecticut,  and  Speaker  of  the  House;  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1797,  1801  and  1805;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1789 
to  1795;  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1791,  and  continued  in  that  station  un 
til  transferred  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1795, 
where  he  served  only  one  year;  was  elected  Lieuten 
ant-Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  resigned  the  Sena- 
torship;  in  1798  was  elected  Governor,  in  which  po 
sition  he  remained  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
August  7,  1809. 

Trumbull,  Joseph;  was  born  March  11,  1737; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1756;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1774  and 
1775;  was  a  Commissioner  for  the  Board  of  War  in 
1777;  resigned  the  next  year  on  account  of  ill-health; 
was  Commissary-General  in  the  Revolutionary  Army 
from  1775  to  1777.  Died  July  23,  1778.  Was  the  son 
of  Jonathan  Trumbull.  In  1779  Congress  made  an 
eulogistic  report  on  his  services  and  voted  to  his  heirs 
a  commission  on  the  sums  received  and  issued,  and 
the  purchases  made  by  him. 

Trumbull,  Joseph;  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Con 
necticut,  December  7,  1783 ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1801;  studied  law,  and  practiced  with  success 
in  Ohio;  was  President  of  the  Hartford  Bank  for 
eleven  years;  served  in  the  General  Assembly  in  1832, 
1848,  and  1851 ;  was  President  of  a  Railroad  Com 
pany;  received  from  Yale  College  the  degree  of 
LL.  D. ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Con 
necticut  in  1834,  for  an  unexpired  term,  and  from 
1839  to  1843;  in  1849  was  elected  Governor  of  Con 
necticut. 


Trumbull,  Lyman ;  was  born  in  Colchester, 
Connecticut,  in  1813;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  removed  to  Illinois,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1840;  was  Secretary 
of  the  State  of  Illinois  in  1841  and  1842;  was  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  from  1848  to 
1853;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  the  term  commencing  in  1855  and  end 
ing  in  1861,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Judiciary,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  and  Indian 
Affairs;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in  1867; 
in  1864  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  in  January,  1867, 
was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term  ending  in 
1873,  serving  on  the  additional  Committee  on  Pen 
sions. 

Tuck,  Amos  ;  was  born  in  Maine;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1835;  was  for  some  time  a 
tutor  in  that  Institution ;  removing  to  New  Hamp 
shire,  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1847  to  1853;  was  a  member  of  the 
"Peace  Congress"  of  1861. 

Tucker,  Beverly ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  was  identified  with  the 
newspaper  business  in  Washington;  was  chosen 
Superintendent  of  Public  Printing  in  1 853 ;  during 
the  Rebellion  participated  with  zeal  in  the  cause  of 
the  Southern  States. 

Tucker,  Ebenezer ;  was  born  in  Burlington, 
New  Jersey,  in  1758;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  War,  and  served  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island; 
filled  many  offices  of  distinction  and  trust,  among 
them  those  of  Collector  and  Postmaster  of  New  Jer 
sey;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1825  to  1829;  also  held  the  offices  of  Judge  of 
the  Common  Pleas,  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions,  and  Judge  of  the  Orphans'  Court.  Died  at 
Tuckerton,  New  Jersey,  September  5,  1845. 

Tucker,  George  ;  was  born  in  Bermuda  in  1775; 
removed  to  Virginia;  graduated  at  William  and 
Mary  College  in  1797;  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Virginia 
from  1819  to  1845;  was  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Political  Economy  in  the  University  of  Virginia; 
was  the  author  of  "Life  of  Jefferson,"  2  vols.,  1837; 
"Progress  of  the  United  States,"  8vo,  1855;  "Politi 
cal  History  of  the  United  States  in  1858, "  "Litera 
ture  of  the  United  States,"  8vo,  1837,  and  other 
valuable  works  and  essays  on  Taste,  Morals,  and 
National  Policy,  and  financial  subjects.  Died  at 
Charlottesville,  Virginia,  April  10,  1861. 

Tucker,  Henry  St.  George  ;  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia  in  1779;  received  a  liberal  education;  became  a 
prominent  lawyer;  was,  at  one  time,  President  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals;  was  also  Professor  of  Law  in 
the  University  of  Virginia;  was  the  author  of  several 
valuable  works  on  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1815  to  1819.  Died  at 
Winchester,  Virginia,  August  28,  1848. 

Tucker,  John ;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York;  held 
the  position  of  Assistant  Secretary  of  War  during  a 
part  of  the  Rebellion,  receiving  the  appointment 
January  27,  1862. 

Tucker,  John  Randolph;  was  born  in  Win 
chester,  Virginia,  December  24,  1823;  was  educated 
at  the  University  of  Virginia;  was  admitted  to  the 


508 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


bar  in  1845;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852  and 
1856-  in  1857  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  and  was  re-elected  in  1859  arid  1863;  by  the 
issue  of  the  Rebellion  was  deposed  from  office;  n 
1870  was  elected  Professor  of  Equity  and  Law  in 
Washington  College  (now  Washington  and  Lee  Uni 
versity);  without  announcing  himself  a  candidate, 
,was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forth-eighth,  and 
Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Tucker,  Starling ;  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  the  Laurens  District  of  South  Carolina  from 
1817  to  1831.  Died  February  4,  1834. 

Tucker,  St.  George ;  was  born  at  Port  Royal, 
Bermuda;  removed  to  Virginia  June  29,  1752;  grad 
uated  at  William  and  Mary  College;  studied  law; 
took  an  early  part  in  the  Revolution,  planning  the 
capture  of  and  aiding  in  capturing  a  large  quantity 
of  stores  in  a  fort  in  Bermuda;  at  Yorktown,  while 
in  command  of  a  regiment,  was  severely  wounded; 
was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Legislature;  was  one 
of  the  Committee  to  revise  the  laws  of  Virginia;  was 
a  Professor  in  William  and  Mary  College;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  at  Annapolis  in  1786;  was 
Judge  in  the  State  Courts  nearly  fifty  years;  was 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  from  1803  to  1811; 
was  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  in 
1813;  was  called  "The  American  Blackstone";  was 
the  author  of  "  Peter  Pindar  ";  the  celebrated  poem 
on  "  Liberty  ";  an  essay  on  "How  far  the  Common 
Law  of  England  is  the  Common  Law  of  the  United 
States";  a  treatise  on  slavery  in  1796;  on  the  Alien 
and  Sedition  Laws,  1799,  and  an  annotated  edition 
of  Blackstone  in  1803;  also  other  poems  and  essays. 
Died  at  Edgewood,  Nelson  County,  Virginia,  No 
vember,  1827.  He  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  William  and  Mary  College  in  1790. 

Tucker,  Thomas  Tudor ;  was  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  in  1787  and  1788;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1789  to  1793;  was 
United  States  Treasurer  from  1794  to  his  death;  de 
livered  an  oration  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  be 
fore  the  South  Carolina  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  in 
1795.  Died  at  Washington,  May  2,  1828,  aged 
eighty-three  years. 

Tucker,  Tilghman  M.;  was  born  in  North  Car 
olina;  was  Governor  of  Mississippi  from  1841  to  1843; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi, 
from  1841  to  1845.  Died  at  Alabama,  April  30, 
1859. 

Tuckerman,  Charles  T.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
York;  in  1868  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Greece,  where  he  remained  until  1871. 

Tudor,  William  ;  was  born  in  Boston,  January 
28,  1779;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1796; 
visited  Europe  early  in  life,  and  on  his  return  home, 
in  1814,  first  edited  the  North  American  Review;  aided 
in  founding  the  Anthology  Club,  and  published  his 
European  letters  in  their  Monthly  Antholoyy  Magazine; 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  in 
augurated  the  ice  traffic  with  tropical  climes  in  1805; 
was  afterwards  engaged  in  other  commercial  trans 
actions  in  Europe;  was  the  originator  of  the  Bunker 
Hill  Monument,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Boston  Athanrcum  in  1807;  in  1823  was  appointed 
Consul  at  Lima,  Peru;  in  1827  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Brazil;  published  " Letters  on  the  Eastern  States" 


in  1820;  Miscellanies  in  1821;  "  Life  of  James  Otis," 
1823;  "  Gebel  Teir,"  1828;  in  1809  delivered  the  ora 
tion  at  Boston,  July  4,  and  in  1810  prepared  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  address  for  Harvard.  Died  at  Rio  Ja 
neiro,  Brazil,  March  9,  1830. 

Tufts,  John  Quincy ;  was  born  in  Aurora,  In 
diana,  July  12,  1840;  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  Cornell  College;  in  the  county  of 
his  residence  held  the  positions  of  Clerk,  Trustee, 
and  Justice;  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  Legislature  in 
1869,  and  re-elected  in  1871  and  1873;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Tully,  Pleasant  B.;  was  born  at  Pleasant  Ex 
change,  Henderson  County,  Tennessee,  March  21, 
1829;  emigrated,  with  his  parents,  to  Arkansas  in 
1839;  received  a  common  school  education;  removed 
to  Texas  in  1850,  and  to  California  in  1853;  engaged 
in  mining;  settled  at  Gilroy  in  1858;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861 ;  commenced 
practice  at  Gilroy;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1879;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  California  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Turner,  Benjamin  Steeling ;  was  born  in  Hal 
ifax  County,  North  Carolina,  March  17,  1825;  was 
reared  as  a  slave,  and  received  no  early  education; 
removed  to  Alabama  in  1830;  obtained  a  fair  educa 
tion;  was  a  dealer  in  general  merchandise;  was  elected 
Tax  Collector  of  Dallas  County  in  1867,  and  Council 
man  of  the  city  of  Selma  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress  as  Representative  from  Ala 
bama,  serving  on  several  committees. 

Turner,  Charles ;  was  graduated  from  Harvard 
University  in  1752;  studied  for  the  ministry,  and  set 
tled  in  Duxbury,  Massachusetts;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  serving 
from  1809  to  1813;  was,  at  one  time,  Master  of  the 
Marine  Hospital  at  Chelsea.  Died  in  1816,  aged  about 
sixty-six  years. 

Turner,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
North  Carolina,  September  26,  1796;  commenced  his 
education  at  Warrenton  Academy;  completed  it  at 
West  Point;  in  1814  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  of 
Artillery;  as  such,  served  at  Brooklyn  Heights,  and 
at  Plattsburg;  resigned  in  1815;  after  leaving  the 
army  spent  two  years  at  William  and  Mary  College; 
from  1819  to  182:>  served  in  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1827  to 
1829;  subsequently  had  charge  of  the  Warrenton 
Female  Seminary. 

Turner,  E.  B.;  was  born  at  Putney,  Vermont, 
May  24,  1825;  received  a  common  school  education, 
and  spent  one  year  at  an  academy;  in  1843  removed 
to  Michigan;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848;  in  1850  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  St.  Joseph  County;  in  1853  removed  to  Texas; 
in  1866  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  Western  District  of  Texas;  resigned,  and 
became  Attorney-General  of  the  State  under  the  re 
construction  acts;  in  1871  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Thirty-second  Judicial  District  of  the  State,  serving 
until  1876;  was  then  elected  Judge  of  the  Sixteenth 
Judicial  District;  resigned  in  1880  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
Western  District  of  Texas. 

Turner,  George;  in  July,  1884,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Arthur,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Washington  for  tb« 
term  of  four  years. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


509- 


Turner,  George;  was  born  in  England  in  1750; 
joined  the  Revolutionary  Army  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war;  was  a  Captain,  and  commanded  in  South 
Carolina;  was  distinguished  at  the  battles  in  that 
State;  was  commissioned,  by  his  personal  friend, 
President  Washington,  Judge  of  the  Northwest  Ter 
ritory  in  1789;  in  1833  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died  March  16,  1843. 

Turner,  Henry  G. ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  March  20,  1839;  took  a  partial 
course  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  removed  to 
Georgia  in  1858;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1865,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Quitman, 
Georgia;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1872;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  of 
1876;  was  three  times  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature;  was  elected  a  .Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Con 
gresses. 

Turner,  James ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  the 
year  1766;  his  education  was  such  as  could  be  afford 
ed  by  the  common  schools  of  the  country ;  served  in 
the  Revolution  as  a  private  soldier;  entered  public 
life  in  1800  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  in  1802  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina 
from  1805  to  1816.  Died  at  Bloomsbury,  January 
15,  1824,  much  respected  for  his  talents  and  personal 
worth. 

Turner,  James;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833 
to  1837. 

Turner,  J.  Milton;  was  a  citizen  of  Missouri; 
in  1871  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  and  Consul- 
Gen  eral  to  Liberia. 

Turner,  Oscar  ;  was  born  at  New  Orleans,  Lou 
isiana,  February  3,  1825;  removed,  with  his  parents, 
to  Kentucky  in  1826;  settled  on  a  farm  in  Ballard 
County,  Kentucky,  in  1843;  graduated  from  the  Law 
Department  of  Transylvania  University.  Kentucky, 
in  1847;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1851  was 
elected  Commonwealth's  Attorney  and  served  four 
years;  in  1861  relinquished  the  practice  of  law  and 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits;  in  1867  was  elected 
State  Senator  and  served  four  years;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-sixth, 
Forty -seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Turner,  Thomas ;  in  1800  was  appointed  Ac 
countant  of  the  Navy,  which  was  the  office  subse 
quently  called  that  of  Fourth  Auditor;  remained  in 
the  position  until  1810. 

Turner,  Thomas  ;  was  born  at  Richmond,  Ken 
tucky,  September  10,  1821;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  graduated  at  Centre  College  in  1840; 
studied  law,  and  graduated  at  the  Law  Department 
of  Transylvania  University  in  1842;  commenced 
practice  at  Richmond;  in  1854  removed  to  Mount 
Sterling;  was  Commonwealth  Attorney  from  1846  to 
1849;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
from  1861  to  1863;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress;  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Turner,  Thomas  G.;  was  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island  for  one  year,  beginning  in  1859. 

Turner,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  Trumbnll 
County,  Ohio,  April  5,  1815,  where  he  resided  until 
ten  years  of  age,  receiving  all  his  education  within 
that  time;  in  1825  removed,  with  his  father's  family, 


to  Butler  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm  until  fourteen  years  old;  the  destitute  circum 
stances  of  his  father  compelled  him  to  make  unusual 
exertions  to  assist  in  the  support  of  the  family, 
which  he  did  by  working'as  a  laborer  on  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Canal,  and  giving  his  earnings  to  his  father 
until  the  age  of  eighteen;  leaving  his  father  comfort 
able,  went  to  the  ''Far  West";  spent  three  years  in 
St.  Paul's  County,  Indiana;  finally  settled  in  Free- 
port,  Stevenson  County,  Illinois;  was  made  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  which  office  he  held  for  several  years; 
in  1838  studied  law  as  a  profession;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar,  and  obtained  a  lucrative  practice ;  in  1 842 
was  elected  Probate  Justice  of  the  Peace;  in  1844 
was  appointed  Postmaster;  in  1845  was  chosen  State's- 
Attorney  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  District;  in  1846  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Thirtieth  Congress; 
in  1854  was  a  member  of  the  Lower  House  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  chosen  Speaker;  subsequently 
devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law. 

Turner,  Turner;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  ap 
pointed,  from  that  State,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Court  for  the  Territory  of  Nevada,  residing  at 
Carson  City.  A  person  bearing  this  name  was  also  a 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Northwest 
Territory,  and  the  records  do  not  state  whether  or 
not  the  persons  are  identical. 

Turner,  "William  F.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
removed  to  Iowa,  from  which  State  he  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Arizona. 

Turney,  Hopkins  L.;  was  born  in  Smith  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  October  3,  1797;  in  his  boyhood  was 
bound  as  an  apprentice  to  a  tailor,  and  served  in 
that  business  several  years;  in  1818  entered  upon  the 
campaign  against  the  Seminole  Indians;  did  not 
learn  to  write  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  yet 
soon  after  studied  law,  and  was  very  successful  at 
the  bar;  from  1828  to  1838  served  in  the  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Tennessee 
from  1837  to  1843;  served  in  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  from  1845  to  1851.  Died  in  Winchester,  Ten 
nessee,  August  1,  1857,  leaving  behind  him  a  high 
reputation  for  ability  and  virtue. 

Turney,  Jacob ;  was  born  in  Greensburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  February  18,  1825;  received  his  education 
at  the  Greensburg  Academy;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1849;  was  elected  District- 
Attorney  for  Westmoreland  County  in  1850;  was  re- 
elected  in  1853,  and  continued  in  that  office  six  years;, 
was  Presidential  Elector  in  1856;  was  State  Senator 
in  1858,  1859,  and  1860;  was  Speaker  of  that  body  in 
1859;  afterward  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  Congress. 

Turpie,  D.;  was  born  in  Hamilton  County,  Ohior 
July  8,  1829;  graduated  at  Kenyon  College  in  1848; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  at  Logans- 
port,  Indiana,  in  1849;  was  appointed,  by  Governor 
Wright,  whom  he  succeeded  in  the  Senate,  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  1854;  was  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  in  1856,  both  of  which  offices  he  re 
signed;  in  1852,  and  also  in  1858.  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Indiana;  in  1863  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of  J.  D. 
Bright,  and  immediately  succeeding  J.  A.  Wright, 
who  served  by  appointment  of  the  Governor. 

Turpin,  Edward  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  1858  was  appointed  Minister  to  Venezuela,  where 
he  remained  until  1861. 


510 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Turrell,  Joel  ;  was  born  in  Vermont;  graduate' 
at  Middlebury  College  in  1816;  was  a  member  of  th 
State  Assembly  from  Oswego  County  in  1831;  was 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  183 
to  1837.  Died  in  Oswego,  New  York,  December  26 
1859,  aged  sixty-lour  years. 

Tuthill,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Blooming  Grove 
New  York,  February  11,  1811;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  was  a  merchant  for  thirty  -five  years;  Presi 
dent  of  the  Ellenville  Glass  Works;  was  Clerk  o 
Ulster  County  for  four  years;  was  a  member  of  th 
Ulster  County  Board  of  Supervisors  ten  years;  wa 
elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on  th 
Committees  on  the  Militia  and  on  the  Navy  Depart 
ment. 

Tuthill,  Selah;  was  born  in  New  York;  wa 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  th 
Seventeenth  Congress.  Died  in  December,  1821. 

Tweed,  Charles  A.;  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
removed  to  California;  in  1870  was  appointed  an  As 
pociate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Terri 
tory  of  Arizona,  residing  at  Yuma. 

Tweed,  William  M.;  was  born  in  the  City  o 
JSewlork  April  3,  1823;  received  a  common  schoo 
education;  was  by  occupation  a  chair  manufacturer 
was  an  Alderman  in  New  York  City  in  1852;  was  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  a  member 
ot  the  State  Board  of  Education  in  1857;  was  a  Super 
visor  of  New  York  County  in  1858;  was  a  State  Sena 
tor  in  1867;  m  1*74  was  arrested,  tried,  and  found 
guilty  of  robbing  the  City  of  New  York,  by  virtue  01 
his  official  position  in  the  City  Government,  of  a  very 
large  amount  of  money;  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary 
lor  twelve  years;  in  December,  1875,  made  his  escape 
from  prison,  and  went  to  England. 

Tweedy,  John  H.,  was  born  in  Connecticut 
graduated  at  Yale  College;  adopted  the  profession  ot 
the  law;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1837;  was  a  raem- 
the  first  "Constitutional  Convention"  of  that 
Territory  in  1846;  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  the  same  in  1847,  serving  one  session. 

Tweedy,  Samuel;    was  born  in  Connecticut; 

t  la  S?Tan£tlve  iQ  ConSress  from  that  State 
nom  looo  to  looo. 


itf'  R;    was  born    at  Charlton, 

Massachusetts,    May  2,    1827;    received   a  common 
school  and  limited  academic  education;    graduated 

' 


nbain  e 

the  bar  in  18o3,  and  engaged  in  practice  at  Worcester 

Massachusetts;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1857;  was  City  Solicitor  of  Worcester' 
in  1863  and  1864;  in  1865  removed  to  KansaTc  ty 
Missouri,  and  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  profeV 

iS^^^^^6  in  th"  State  Legislature 
3,  18,4,  1875,  1876,  1877,  and  1878;  resigned 

y  Counsor  for  th<;  Uscal  ^ear  SSS; 
ssociate  Justice  of  the  Su' 


!'  Ginery  '  was  b°™  at  Athol,  Worces- 
,  Massachusetts,  August  26,  1811-  in  18'iO 
commenced  the  business  of  staging  or  caryinV?he 
mail;  was  the  first  to  establish  a  daily  line  of  coaches 
Between   Boston   and   Brattleborough,  in   V^S? 
after  which  he  made  important  contracts  with   the 
•overainent  for  carrying  the  mail;  in  1847  became 
identified  with  the  Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad^ 
a  subordinate  officer;    was  subsequently  appointed 
'  th  Pd 


Mame;  "  Wa*  elecaRepre 

from  Massachusetts  to  the  Fortieth  Con 


gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs, 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Department;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Con 
gresses,  serving  on  various  committees.  Died  July 
23,  1883. 

Tyler,  Asher;  was  born  in  Bridgewater,  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  May  10, 1798;  graduated  at  Ham 
ilton  College  in  1817;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
was  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Congress;  subsequently  settled  in  Elmira, 
where  he  was  extensively  identified  with  railway 
operations.  Died  in  Eluiira,  in  August,  1875. 

Tyler,  James  M.;  was  born  at  Wilmington,  Ver 
mont,  April  27,  1835;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  graduated  at  the  Albany  Law  University,  New 
York;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860  and  engaged 
in  practice;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Vermont 
Legislature  in  1863  and  1864;  State's  Attorney  in 
1866  and  1867;  became  a  Trustee  in  the  State  Insane 
Asylum  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Representative  i'rom 
Vermont  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Tyler,  John;  was  born  in  Charles  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1790;  commenced  his  political  life  at  an 
early  age,  having  been  elected  to  the  Virginia  Legis 
lature  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  five  years 
later  was  elected  to  Congress;  in  1826  was  elevated  to 
the  station  of  Governor  of  his  native  State;  discharged 
the  duties  of  his  office  but  one  year  and  a  half,  when, 
in  1627,  the  Legislature  selected  him  to  fill  a  vacancy 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  where  he  officiated 
as  President  pro  tern,  of  that  body;  served  in  this 
capacity  until  a  difference  of  opinion  having  arisen 
between  General  Jackson  and  himself,  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  1836,  and  went  into  voluntary  retirement; 
did  not  again  make  his  appearance  in  public  life  until 
1840,  when  lie  was  selected  by  the  Whig  party  as 
their  candidate  for  Vice-President;  was  elected  to 
that  office  by  a  large  majority,  and  entered  upon  the 
discharge  of  his  duties  in  March,  1841;  the  death  of 
the  President,  General  Harrison,  shortly  after,  raised 
him  to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the  Republic;  his  term 
of  office  expired  in  1845,  after  which  he  lived  in  re 
tirement  in  Virginia  until  1861;  in  that  year  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Congress"  held  in 
Washington,  and  officiated  as  its  President;  on  his 
return  to  Virginia,  became  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
Convention  of  1861,  and  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 
Died  in  Richmond,  January  17,  1862. 

Tyler,  John;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  in  1811 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
urt  for  the  District  of  Virginia. 

Tyner,  James  N.;  was  born  at  Brookville,  Indi 
ana,  January  17,  1826;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law;  was  Secretary  of  the  Indiana  Sen 
ate  for  four  sessions  from  1857;  was  a  Presidential 

Elector  in  1860;  was  a  Special  Agent  of  the  PostOffice 

Department  from  1861  to  1866;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-first,  Forty-second  and  Forty-third  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and 

r'ost  Offices;  immediately  after  leaving  Congress  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Colorado;  in  February,  1875, 
was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 
which  position  he  held  until  July,  1876,  when  he  was 
promoted  to  the  post  of  First  Assistant  Postmaster- 
'ieneral;  resigned  March  13,  1877,  and  was  re-ap- 

)ointed  one  week  later,  continuing  in  office  until 
October,  1881,  when  he  resigned. 

Tyson,  Jacob  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
rom  New  York  from  1823  to  1*25;  was  a  member  of 
he  New  York  Senate  from  Richmond  County  in 

828. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


511 


Tyson,  Job  R.;  was  born  in  Montgomery  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1804;  was  educated  for  the  law; 
while  educating  himself,  in  early  life,  taught  in  a  dis 
trict  school:  frequently  served  in  the  City  Councils 
of  Philadelphia;  was  a  Representative  from  Pern  sji- 
vania  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  commanded  un 
common  influence  in  Congress,  and  was  a  man  of  re 
fined  tastes  in  literature  and  the  fine  arts;  also  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and  through  his 
exertions  the  archives  of  that  State  were  first  pub 
lished;  his  published  addresses  are  quite  numerous. 
Died  near  Philadelphia  in  18.r>8. 

Tyson,  J.  "W.;  was  appointed  Second  Assistant 
Postmaster-General  in  1843,  and  remained  in  office 
until  1844. 

Udree,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia;  re 
moved  to  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  en 
tered  largely  in  the  manufacture  of  iron,  and  was  a 
most  successful  business  man;  was  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  from  1799  to  1805;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1815,  from 
1819  to  1821,  and  from  18:33  to  1825— on  two  occa 
sions  filling  the  unexpired  terms  of  men  who  had 
resigned.  Died  July  22,  1828. 

Underbill,  "Walter ;  was  born  in  New  York: 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1849  to  1851. 

Underwood,  Jolin  C.;  was  born  in  Litchfield, 
Herkimer  County,  New  York,  in  1808;  studied  law, 
and  removed  to  the  State  of  Virginia,  residing  in 
Clark  County  for  many  years;  from  1861  to  1863  was 
Fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  in  Washington;  was 
subsequently  a  United  States  District  Judge  in  the 
State  of  Virginia;  it  was  in  his  District  that  Jeffer 
son  Davis  was  indicted  for  treason,  and  Judge  Under 
wood  refused  to  release  him  on  bail.  Died  in  Wash 
ington,  December  7,  1873. 

Underwood,  John  W.  H.;  was  born  in  Elbert 
County.  Georgia,  November  20,  1816;  received  a  good 
English  and  classical  education;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834;  in  1843  was  elected 
Solicitor-General  for  the  Western  Circuit,  resigning 
in  1847;  was  a  member  of  the  "Georgia  Constitu 
tional  Convention  "  of  1850;  declined  two  judicial 
appointments  tendered  him  by  Presidents  Pierce  and 
Buchanan;  was  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legislature 
in  1857,  and  chosen  Speaker;  in  1859  was  elected  a 
]  lepresentative  from  Georgia  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the 
Navy  Department;  resigned  in  February,  1861,  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  and  returned  to 
Georgia. 

Underwood,  Joseph  R.;  was  born  in  Gooch- 
l:md  County,  Virginia,  October  24,  1791;  in  1803  was 
adopted  by  his  maternal  uncle,  who  resided  in  Bar 
ren  County,  Kentucky;  received  his  education  at 
various  schools  in  that  State,  and  ended  his  scholas 
tic  course  at  the  University  of  Lexington,  in  1811; 
then  read  law  with  Robert  Wyckliffe;  in  1813  en 
tered  the  service  of  the  United  States,  as  Lieutenant 
of  a  Volunteer  Company;  was  badly  wounded,  and 
was  taken  prisoner  by  the  enemy  at  Dudley's  defeat; 
was  released  from  captivity,  and  landed  from  the 
prison-ships  on  Lake  Erie,  near  Cleveland,  where  he 
was  lodged  in  a  hospitable  cabin  until  sufficiently  re 
covered  to  return  home;  in  the  fall  of  1813  located  at 
Glasgow,  Kentucky;  practiced  law  there  for  ten  years, 
daring  which  time  he  was  Trustee  of  the  town,  and 
County  Auditor;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  1816  to  1819;  in  1823  removed,  with  his  family, 
to  Bowling  Green,  Kentucky;  was  elected  a  member 


of  the  General  Assembly  in  1825  a^id  1826;  from 
1828  to  1835  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  re 
signed  on  his  being  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  in  which  position  he  served  from  1835  to  1843; 
in  1846  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House;  in  1847  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate  for  six 
years ;  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  returned  to  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1824  and  1844  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention" 
of  1864. 

Underwood,  Warner  L.;  was  born  in  Gooch- 
land  County,  Virginia,  August  7,  1808;  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  where  he  received  the 
first  honors  in  the  studies  of  law,  mathematics,  and 
the  modern  languages,  in  1830;  removed  to  Bowling 
Green,  Kentucky,  at  the  age  of  seventeen;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  in  1833  visited  Texas,  and 
spent  most  of  the  time  until  1840  in  that  republic; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Lamar,  Attorney-Gen 
eral  for  the  Eastern  District  of  that  republic,  but 
held  the  office  only  a  short  time;  declined  the  offer  of 
a  place  in  General  Houston's  Cabinet,  being  unwill 
ing  to  relinquish  his  citizenship  of  the  United  States; 
in  1848  was  a  Representative  in  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature,  and  in  1849  a  member  of  the  State  Senate; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Engraving. 

Updegraff,  Jonathan  T.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Ohio;  received  a  collegiate  education;  gradu 
ated  in  medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  also  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  Paris,  France; 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  and  in  farming; 
served  as  a  Surgeon  in  the  Union  Army  during  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1872;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1872  and  1873;  Tempo 
rary  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Convention  of 
1873;  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Central 
Committee  in  1875;  Delegate  to  the  Republican  Na 
tional  Convention  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh 
Congresses.  Died  November  30,  1882. 

Updegraff,  Thomas  ;  was  born  in  Tioga  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  April  3,  1834;  received  an 
academic  education;  removed  to  Iowa;  was  Clerk  of 
the  District  Court  of  Clayton  County,  Iowa,  from 
1858  to  1860;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1861,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law ;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1878;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Upham,  Charles  W.;  was  born  at  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  May  4,  1802;  commenced  life  by  be 
coming  a  merchant's  clerk;  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1821 ;  in  1824  was  settled  over  the  First  Church 
in  Salem,  Massachusetts;  in  1844  relinquished  the 
Ministry  on  account  of  loss  of  voice;  at  different 
times  edited  the  Christian  Register  (Unitarian);  in 
1840,  1849,  and  1850,  was  in  the  State  Legislature; 
in  1851,  1857,  and  1858,  was  President  of  the  State 
Senate;  was  Mayor  of  Salem  in  1852;  was  a  member 
of  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Post  Roads  and  the  Post  Office,  and  was  Chai  r- 
mau  of  a  Special  Committee  on  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution;  as  an  author  was  industrious,  and  among 
his  publications  are  the  following:  "1  £t  ers  on  the 
Logos,"  "Lectures  on  Witchcraft,"  "  The  Life  of  Sir 
Henry  Vane,"  a  school  "  Life  of  Washington, "  many 
Orations  and  Discourses,  and  "  Life  of  John  C.  Fre 
mont."  Died  at  Salem,  June  15,  1875. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Upham,  George  B.;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versitv  in  1789;  "served  a  number  of  years  in  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature;  was  Speaker  in  18U9  and 
1815;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1801  to  1803.  Died  February  10, 
1848,  at  Claremont,  New  Hampshire,  aged  seventy- 
nine  years. 

Upham,  Jabez;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in  1785;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1807  to 
1810,  when  he  resigned.  Died  in  1811. 

Upham,  Nathaniel;  was  born  in  Deerfield, 
Rockingham  County,  New  Hampshire,  June  9,  1774; 
was  educated  at  the  schools  of  his  native  town,  and 
at  Phillip's  Exeter  Academy;  at  an  early  age  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  Hampshire;  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Council  from  1811  to  1812;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1817 
to  1823.  Died  in  1829. 

Upham,  William  ;  was  born  at  Leicester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1792;  in  1802  removed,  with  his  father, 
to  Vermont;  spent  some  time  in  the  University  of 
Vermont;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Vermont  Assembly  in  1827, 1828,  and  1830; 
was  State's  Attorney  for  Washington  County  in  1829; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1843  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  Washington  City,  Janu 
ary  14,  1853. 

Upshur,  Abel  Parker ;  was  born  in  Northamp 
ton  County,  Virginia,  June  17,  1790;  graduated  at 
Nassau  Hall  in  1807;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Richmond,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  from 
1810  to  1824;  in  1826  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Gen 
eral  Court  of  the  State;  was  a  member  of  the  "State 
Constitutional  Convention"  in  1829;  was  again  chosen 
Judge,  serving  many  years;  in  1841  went  into  the 
Cabinet  of  President  Tyler  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy; 
in  1843  was  transferred  to  the  head  of  the  State  De 
partment;  on  the  28th  of  February,  1844,  was  killed 
by  the  explosion  of  a  gun  on  board  the  war-steamer 
Princeton. 

Upson,  Charles ;  was  born  in  Southington, 
Hartford  County,  Connecticut,  March  19,  1821;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  education ;  removed  to  Michi 
gan  in  1845;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1847;  in  1849  and  1850  was  County  Clerk  for  St. 
Joseph  County;  in  1853  and  1854  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  same;  in  1855  and  1856  held  the 
office  of  State  Senator;  in  1861  and  1862  was  Attor 
ney-General  for  Michigan ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Michigan  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections  and  Unfinished 
Business;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections,  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  and  made  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment.  Died  September  6,  1885. 

Upson,  Columbus;  was  bora  in  Onondaga 
County,  New  York,  October  17,  1829;  received  a  good 
education;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  re 
moved  to  Texas  in  1854;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  Colonel  daring  the  War  of  the  Rebellion- 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-sixth  Con 
gress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Gnstave  Schleicher;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress. 


Upson,  "William.  H.;  was  born  in  Worthington, 
Franklin  County,  Ohio,  January  11, 1823;  graduated  at 
the  Western  Reserve  College  in  1812;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
1854  and  1855;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Revision  of  Laws,  Manufactures,  and 
Reconstruction;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress,  serving  on  Committee  on  Manufactures, 
and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

Upton,  "William  W.;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1823;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Michigan  in  his 
boyhood;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1845;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1847;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  at  Lansing, 
Michigan, from  1847  to  1852;  in  the  latter  yearremoved 
to  California,  and  continued  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  was  a  Representative  in  the  California  Legis 
lature  in  1856;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Sacra 
mento  County  from  1861  to  1863;  in  1864  removed 
to  Oregon;  was  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Oregon  from  1867  to  1872,  and  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  that  Court  from  1872  to  1874;  in  October, 
1877,  was  appointed  Second  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  at  Washington. 

Urner,  Milton  Gr.;  was  born  in  F;elerick  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  July  29,  1839;  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm;  received  a  good  education;  taught 
school;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1863,  and  commenced  practice;  was  elected  State'3 
Attorney  for  his  native  County  in  1871,  and  served 
four  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Usher,  John  P.;  was  born  in  New  York;  early 
in  life  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he  studied  and 
practiced  law;  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
was,  for  a  short  time,  Attorney-General  of  the  State; 
in  1862  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  the 
first  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior  Department; 
on  the  resignation  of  C.  B.  Smith  as  Secretary,  was 
appointed  to  succeed  him  in  the  Cabinet,  which 
position  he  resigned  in  the  Spring  of  1865;  subse 
quently  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
became  Consulting  Attorney  for  the  Eastern  Division 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

Vail,  Aaron  ;  \vas  a  citizen  of  New  York;  in  1840 
was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Spain,  returning 
to  America  in  1842. 

Vail,  George;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1803; 
received  a  good  education;  was  associated  with  his 
brother  Alfred,  and  Professor  S.  F.  B.  Morse  in  com 
pleting  the  first  telegraphic  instruments  brought 
into  use;  was  prominent  as  a  politician;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey  from  1853 
to  1857;  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Consul  to  Glasgow;  was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Errors.  Died  in  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  May 
23,  1875. 

Vail,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representa  ive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1837  to  1839.  Died  June  25,  1843. 

Valentine,  Edward  K.;  was  born  at  Keosau- 
qua,  Iowa,  June  1,  1843;  received  a  common  school 
education;  became  a  printer;  served  as  an  officer  in 
the  Union  Army  throughout  the  war  of  the  Rebellion; 
located  in  Nebraska  in  1866;  in  1869  was  appointed 
Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Omaha 
Nebraska;  studied  law,  and  engaged  in  its  practice' 
was  Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  from  1875 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


513 


to  1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Nebraska 
to  the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Valk,  William  W.;  was  born  in  South  Caro 
lina;  on  removing  to  New  York  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

Valland.igh.am,  Clement  L.;  came  of  a 
Huguenot  family,  and  was  born  in  New  Lisbon,  Co 
lumbia  County,  Ohio,  in  1822;  received  a  good  edu 
cation;  spent  one  year  in  Jefferson  College,  in  Ohio; 
was,  for  two  years,  principal  of  an  academy  at  Snoyv 
Hill,  Maryland;  returned  to  Ohio  in  1840;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1845  and  1846; 
was  editor  of  the  Dayton  Empire  from  1847  to  1849; 
for  some  years  subsequent  to  that  date  devoted  him 
self  wholly  to  his  profession  and  politics;  was  a 
member  of  the  " National  Democratic  Convention" 

!  held  at  Cincinnati  in  1856;  was  a  candidate  for  the 
Thirty -fifth  Congress  against  L.  D.  Campbell,  whose 

t  seat  he  successfully  contested;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -sixth  Congress;  during  the  second  session  of 

;  the  Thirty-fifth  Cougress,  and  throughout  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress,  served  on  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress; 
in  18(i3  was  arrested,  by  military  authority,  for  ex 
pressing  his  opinions  against  the  war;  was  banished 
to  the  Southern  States,  and,  by  way  of  Bermuda, 
went  to  Canada;  during  his  exile  was  nominated  for 
Governor  of  Ohio,  and  was  defeated;  subsequently 
returned,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Con 
vention  "  of  1864;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York 
Convention  of  1868.  Died  at  Lebanon,  June  17, 
1871,  from  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  pistol  while 
delivering  an  argument  in  court. 

Van  Aernam,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Marcellus, 
Onondaga  County,  New  York,  March  11,  1819; 
received  an  academic  education;  graduated  at  a 
medical  college,  adopting  the  profession  of  surgeon 
and  physician;  held  various  town  offices;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1858;  in  1862 
was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-fourth  New  York  Volunteers,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  1864;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty -ninth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Mileage  and  Education  in  the  District  of 
Columbia;  was  Commissioner  of  Pensions  at  Wash 
ington  from  1869  to  1871 ;  was  again  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Van  Allen,  James  Q.;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  State  Assembly  in  1804;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from  1807  to 
1809. 

Van  Allen,  John  E.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1793  to  1799;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Rensselaer 
County  in  1800  and  1801. 

Van  Allen,  John  T.;  was  a  citizen  of  New  York; 
in  1849  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Ecuador, 
but  only  remained  there  about  one  year. 

Van  Alstyne,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  at  Rich 
mond  ville,  New  York,  July  25.  1827;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  from  Hamilton  College 
in  1848;  studied  law;  was, admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1849  and  settled  at  Albany,  New  York,  in  the  prac 
tice  of  that  profession;  was  Judge  of  Albany  County 
for  twelve  years  under  the  enlarged  jurisdiction  of 
the  Courts;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

33 


Van  Auken,  Dennis  M.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania,  January  15,  1826;  graduated  at  Union  College, 
New  York,  in  1852;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1854;  was  elected  a  Prosecuting  Attorney  in 
1855;  was  frequently  appointed  to  the  same  office; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  the  Militia, 
and  Patents. 

Van  Buren,  John  ;  was  one  of  the  ablest  law 
yers  of  the  Ulster  County  bar,  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843.  Died 
at  Kingston,  January  16,  1855. 

Van  Buren,  Martin ;  was  born  at  Kinderhook, 
New  York,  December  5,  1782;  his  father's  circum 
stances  were  humble,  and  the  son  was  only  able  to 
obtain  an  ordinary  education  at  the  common  school 
and  academy  of  his  native  village;  in  1796  left  the 
academy,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law ;  in  1800 
represented  the  Republicans  of  his  native  town  in  the 
"Congressional  Convention  "  for  that  District;  part 
of  the  years  1802  and  1803  he  passed  in  New  York 
engaged  in  the  study  of  law;  in  November  of  the  lat 
ter  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  continued  to  take 
an  active  part  in  politics;  the  first  official  distinction 
which  he  received  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Gov 
ernor  Tompkins,  who  appointed  him  Surrogate  of 
Columbia  County  in  1808;  took  his  next  step  in  pub 
lic  life  in  1812;  in  the  spring  of  that  year  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate;  continued  a  member  of  that  body 
nntil  1820,  having  been,  during  that  period,  a  sup 
porter  of  the  war  and  the  canal  project;  a  portion  of 
this  time  he  also  held  the  office  of  Attorney-General; 
was  a  member  of  the  "  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1821,  and  in  February  of 
the  same  year  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate;  was  re-elected  in  1827,  serving  until  1829;  the 
year  following  the  gubernatorial  chair  of  the  State  of 
New  York  became  vacant  by  the  death  of  Governor 
Clinton,  and  Mr.  Van  Buren  was  selected,  by  the 
Democratic  party  of  the  State,  as  a  candidate  for  that 
office;  was  elected,  but  his  career  as  Governor  was 
brief;  scarcely  was  his  administration  commenced, 
when  President  Jackson  tendered  him  the  appoint 
ment  of  Secretary  of  State,  and  Mr.  Van  Buren  at 
once  accepted  it;  the  President  appointed  him  Am 
bassador  to  England,  but  the  Senate  refused  to  con 
firm  the  nomination;  received  a  large  majority  of  the 
electoral  votes  for  Vice-President  in  1831,  which  office 
he  continued  to  fill  during  President  Jackson's  term; 
in  1836  was  nominated  for  the  office  of  President,  and 
was  elected;  the  principal  measure  of  his  administra 
tion  was  the  establishment  of  the  Independent  Treas 
ury;  in  1840  was  again  nominated  for  the  same  office, 
but  was  defeated  by  the  Whig  candidate,  General 
Harrison ;  after  the  close  of  his  Presidential  term,  in 
1841,  he  lived  in  retirement  at  Kinderhook,  his  place 
of  birth,  on  an  estate  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of 
Lindenwald;  in  1848  was  the  Presidential  candidate 
of  the  section  of  the  Democratic  party  styling  them 
selves  ' '  Barn-burners, ' '  or,  on  that  occasion,  ' '  Free- 
soilers,"  but  was  unsuccessful.  Died  near  Kinder- 
hook,  July  24,  1862. 

Vance,  John  L.;  was  born  in  Gallipolis,  Gallia 
County,  Ohio,  July  19,  1839;  received  an  academic 
education ;  worked  in  a  printing  office ;  graduated  at 
the  Law  School  of  Cincinnati  in  1861 ;  entered  the 
volunteer  army  as  a  Captain  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel ;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Democratic 
Convention  of  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Printing. 


514 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Vance  Joseph  ;  was  born  in  Washington  Coun 
ty  Pennsylvania,  March  21,  1786;  was  one  of  the 
earliest  residents  of  the  State  of  Ohio;  served  fre 
quently  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1821  to  1835;  was  Gov 
ernor  of  the  State  in  1836;  was  again  in  Congress 
from  1843  to  1847,  serving  as  Chairman  ot  the  Com- 
'mittee  on  Claims;  in  every  public  position  he  ac 
quitted  himself  with  ability;  was,  at  one  time,  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  was  a  General  of 
Militia;  was  an  enthusiastic  farmer  and  successful 
raiser  of  cattle;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Ohio  in  1820;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Whig  National  Convention  of  1848.  Died  near 
the  town  of  Urbana,  Ohio,  August  24,  1831. 

Vance,  Robert  B.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Vance,  Robert  Brank ;  was  born  in  Buncombe 
County,  North  Carolina,  April  24,  1828;  was  edu 
cated  in  the  schools  of  the  country;  was,  by  occupa 
tion,  a  farmer;  was  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Pleas  from 
1848  to  1856;  was  a  Captain  of  a  Company  in  the 
Confederate  service  in  1861 ;  was  elected  Colonel  of 
the  Twenty-ninth  North  Carolina  Regiment,  and  was 
appointed  Brigadier-General  in  1863;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Patents;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh  and  Forty- 
eighth  Congresses;  in  April,  1885,  was  appointed 
Assistant  Commissioner  of  Patents  in  the  Depart 
ment  of  the  Interior. 

Vance,  Zebulon  B.;  was  born  in  Buncombe 
County,  North  Carolina,  May  13,  1830;  received  a 
limited  education,  and  spent  one  year  at  the  State 
University,  through  the  friendship  of  its  distin 
guished  President:  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1853;  in  1854  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  from  Buncombe  County;  on  the  resignation  of 
Hon.  T.  L.  Clingraan,  in  1858,  was  elected  to  suc 
ceed  him  in  the  Federal  House  of  Representatives; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Claims;  was 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1862,  and  re- 
elected  in  1864;  was  elected  United  States  Senator  in 
1870,  but  was  refused  his  seat;  resigned  in  1872;  was 
elected  Governor  in  1876;  was  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  North  Carolina  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for  a  sec 
ond  term. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Philip ;  served  through  the 
Revolutionary  War  as  a  Colonel  in  the  New  York 
line,  fighting  at  Saratoga  and  Bemis  Heights;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention  which  ratified  the 
United  States  Constitution;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  from  Westchester  County  in 
3788,  1789,  and  1790:  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  from  1791  to  1794;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1793  to  1809;  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  agriculture. 
Died  November  5.  1831,  in  Westchester  County, 
aged  eighty-two  years. 

Van  Cortlandt,  Pierce,  Jr.;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1777;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York,  from  ]  811 
to  1813. 

Vanderburg,  John  C.;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  Indiana;  in  1800  was  appointed  an  Associate  Jus 
tice  for  the  Territory  of  Indiana. 


Vanderhorst,  Arnoldus;  was  the  second 
Governor  of  South  Carolina  under  the  Constitution; 
serving  as  such  from  1792  to  1794. 

Vanderpool,  Aaron;  was  born  at  Kinderhook, 
New  York,  February  5,  1799;  received  a  classical  ed 
ucation;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1820;  served  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1825, 
1829,  and  1830;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841 ;  on 
his  retirement  from  Congress  settled  in 'New  York 
City,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Superior  Court,  which  office  he  held  until  1850. 
Died  in  New  York,  July  18,  1870. 

Vanderveer,  Abraham;  was  born  in  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1837  to  1839.  Died  July  20,  1839. 

Vandever,  "William;  was  born  in  Maryland; 
removed  to  Iowa;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
that  State  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress;  served  aa  a 
Colonel  in  the  Union  Army  in  1861. 

Van  Dyke,  John;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
adopted  the  legal  profession;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  from  1847  to  1851; 
afterwards  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State. 

Van  Dyke,  Nicholas;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Delaware  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1 782,  and  was  a  signer  of  the  Articles  of  Confedera 
tion. 

Van  Dyke,  Nicholas  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1788;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Delaware,  from  1807  to  1811 ;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1817  to  1826.  Died  in  May,  1826. 

Van  Eaton,  Henry  S. ;  was  born  in  Hamilton 
County,  Ohio,  September  14,  1826;  removed,  with  hia 
parents,  in  his  boyhood,  to  Illinois;  graduated  at 
Illinois  College  in  1848;  removed  to  Woodville,  Mis 
sissippi,  the  same  year;  taught  school  for  several 
years ;  studied  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  in 
1854;  in  1857  was  elected  District  Attorney;  in  1859 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout  the 
Civil  War;  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1880  waa 
appointed  Chancellor  of  the  Tenth  District  of  Mis 
sissippi,  and  served  on  the  bench  until  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Mississippi  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Van  Gaasbeck,  Peter;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1793  to  1795. 

Van  Horn,  Burt ;  was  born  at  Newfane, 
Niagara  County,  New  York,  October  28,  1823;  was 
educated  at  the  Madison  University;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1858,  and  the  two  succeed 
ing  years;  was  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Private  Land  Claims,  Roads  and  Canals,  and 
as  Chairman  of  the  Select  Committe  on  the  Niagara 
Ship  Canal;  in  1864  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  Roa*ds  and  Canals;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Niagara  Ship  Canal,  and  on  the 
Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Publ  io 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


515 


Van  Horn,  Robert  T.;  was  born  in  Indiana 
County.  Pennsylvania,  May  19, 1824;  received  u  good 
"English  education;  adopted  the  business  of  a  printer; 
settled  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri;  was  twice  Mayor 
of  Kansas  City;  was  Postmaster  of  Kansas  City: 
rendered  military  service  against  the  Rebellion  from 
1861  to  1864,  as  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
Volunteers;  was  a  member  of  the  Missouri  State  Sen 
ate  for  three  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Missouri  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses,  serving  on  old 
Committees,  and  that  on  Expenses  on  Public  Build 
ings;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Border  States  Conven 
tion,"  held  in  Baltimore  in  1867,  and  to  the  Chicago 
Convention  of  1868;  in  August,  1875,  was  appointed 
a  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in  Missouri. 

Van  Home,  Archibald  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Maryland,  from  1807  to  1811. 

Van  Horne,  Espy ;  was  born  in  Lycoming 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1825  to  1829.  Died  at 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  June  25,  1829. 

Van  Horne,  Isaac ;  was  a  Captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  War;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1801  to  1805;  was  then 
appointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in  Zanesville, 
Ohio. 

Van  Houton,  Isaac  B.;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1833  to  1835. 

Van  Metre,  John  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1843  to  1845,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy  De 
partment. 

Van  Ness,  Cornelius  Peter  ;  was  born  in  Ver 
mont,  January  20,  1782;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
in  Burlington,  Vermont;  was  United  States  Attor 
ney  from  1809  to  1812;  was  Collector  of  the.  Port  of 
Burlington  from  1815  to  1818;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  Legislature  from  1818  to  1821;  was  a  Commis 
sioner  to  settle  the  National  Boundaries  under  the 
Treaty  of  Ghent,  from  1817  to  1821;  was  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  State  from  1821  to  1823;  was  Governor 
from  1823  to  1826;  was  Minister  to  Spain  from  1829 
to  1839;  was  Collector  of  the  Port  of  New  York  in 
18 14  and  1845;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1823.  Died  in  Philadel 
phia,  December  15,  1852. 

Van  Ness,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Ghent,  Co 
lumbia  County,  New  York,  in  1770;  was  educated  at 
Columbia  College,  and  studied  law.  but  gave  up  the 
practice  because  of  ill-health;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1801  to  1803;  having  taken  up  his 
residence  in  Washington  City,  became  the  first  Pres 
ident  of  the  Bank  of  the  Metropolis  in  1814;  was  also 
elected  Mayor  of  Washington,  and,  both  as  a  public 
and  private  citizen,  did  much  to  promote  the  pros 
perity  of  the  Seat  of  Government;  while  a  member 
of  Congress  received,  from  President  Jefferson,  a  com 
mission  as  Major  of  Militia  for  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  which,  with  the  fact  that  he  married  a 
Washington  lady,  was  the  cause  of  his  change  of  res 
idence.  Died  in  Washington,  March  7,  1846. 

Van  Ness,  William  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
received  a  liberal  education  and  studied  law;  in  1812 
was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Henry  ;  was  born  in  Albany, 
New  York,  in  1811;  entered  the  United  States  Mili 


tary  Academy  at  West  Point  as  a  Cadet  in  1827;  was 
commissioned  a  Lieutenant  in  the  United.  States 
Army  in  1831;  resigned  in  1832;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1841  to  1843; 
during  the  Rebellion,  served  in  the  army  as  a  Colonel 
and  Inspector-General,  and  a  part  of  the  time  on 
General  Scott's  staff.  Died  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
March  23,  1864. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Jeremiah ;  was  born  in  1741; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1758;  was  a  patriot 
of  the  Revolution ;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1789  to  1791;  was  Lieutenant-Gov 
ern  or  of  New  York  from  1801  to  1804;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1801.  Died  in  Albany,  February 
22,  1820.  His  brother  Stephen  was  also  in  Congress, 
!  and  known  as  the  "Patroon." 

Van  Rensselaer,  KiTlian  K.;  was  born  in  1763; 
!  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York  from  1801 
!  to  1811,  after  which  he  retired  to  private  life.     Died 
in  Albany,  June  18.  1845. 

Van   Rensselaer,    Solomon;    was   born    in 

Rensselaer  County,  New  York,  in  1774;  served  as  an 

officer  under  General  Wayne  in  1794;  Avas  wounded 

through  the  lungs,  and  received  four  wounds  at  the 

battle  of  Queenstown  Heights;  in  1799  was  promoted 

to    the  rank  of    Major;   was    Adjutant-General    of 

!  New  York  from  1801  to   1810,   and  in  1813;  was  a 

i  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1819 

|  to  1822,  when  he  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Al- 

:  bany.     Died  near  Albany,  April  23,  1852. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen :  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  in  November,  1764;  graduated  at 
the  University  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1872; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  New  York  Senate  in 
1795;  was  six  years  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New 
York;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1822  to  1829; 
it  was  by  his  casting  vote  in  the  New  York  Delega 
tion  that  J.  Q.  Adams  was  elected  President  in  Feb 
ruary,  1825;  in  1810  was  appointed  one  of  the  Canal 
Commissioners,  and,  for  the  last  fourteen  years  of  his 
life,  was  President  of  the  Board;  during  the  last  war 
with  England  he  commanded,  with  distinction,  as  a 
Major-General,  on  the  Niagara  frontier;  was  distin 
guished  for  his  wealth  and  munificent  charities,  and 
enjoyed  the  inherited  title  of  "Patroon."  Died  at 
Albany,  January  26,  1839. 

Vansant,  Joshua;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1853  to  1855;  was  also,  for  many  years,  President  of 
the  Maryland  Institute. 

Van  Schaick,  Isaac  W. ;  was  born  in  Cox- 
sackie,  Greene  County,  New  York,  December  7,  1817; 
received  a  common  school  education ;  filled  various 
local  offices  in  his  native  State;  removed  to  Milwau 
kee,  Wisconsin,  in  1861;  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  flour;  was  elected  to  the  Milwaukee  Common 
Council  in  1871 ;  in  1872  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Wisconsin  Legislature  and  was  re-elected 
in  1874;  in  1877  was  elected  to  the  Wisconsin  Sen 
ate;  was  re-elected  in  1879  and  1881;  in  1884  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  For 
ty-ninth  Congress. 

Van  Trump,  Philadelph;  was  born  in  Lancas 
ter,  Ohio,  November  15,  1810;  received  a  good  En 
glish  education;  learned  the  art  of  printing,  and 
edited  a  newspaper  for  several  years  in  his  native 
town;  studied  law;  came  to  the  bar  in  183*',  and  be 
came  the  law  partner  of  H.  F.  Stanbery,  with  whom 
he  had  studied  his  profession;  was  a  member  of  the 
"Baltimore  Convention  "  of  1852,  which  nominated 


516 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


General  Scott  for  the  Presidency;  was  three  times 
nominated,  by  conventions,  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Supreme  Bench  of  the  State;  in  1862  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  which  position 
he  resigned  in  18(>'6;  in  that  year  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
'  Manufactures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-first  and 
Forty -second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Died  at  Cincinnati, 
July  31,  1874 

Van  Valkenburgh,  Robert'  B.;  was  born  in 
Steuben  County,  New  York,  September  4,  1821; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  three  terms 
in  the  State  Legislature  of  New  York ;  when  the  Re 
bellion  broke  out  was  placed,  by  the  Governor  of  New 
York,  in  charge  of  affairs  at  Elmira,  and  there  organ 
ized  seventeen  regiments  for  the  war;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia;  in  1862,  while  in  Congress,  took  com 
mand,  as  Colonel,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Seventh 
Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers,  and  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Antietam;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Militia,  and  Expenditures  in  the  State 
Department;  in  1865  was  appointed,  by  President 
Johnson,  acting  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  dur 
ing  the  absence  of  the  Commissioner;  in  December, 
1865,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Minister 
Resident  to  Japan. 

Van  Voorhes,  Nelson  EL;  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  23,  1822;  re 
moved  to  Athens  County,  Ohio,  in  1832;  worked  on  a 
farm  for  several  years,  spending  the  winters  at  the 
common  schools  of  the  vicinity;  in  1836  entered  the 
printing  office  of  the  Western  Spectator  as  an  appren 
tice  to  his  father,  who  was  editor;  was  required  to 
conduct  the  paper  during  his  father's  absence  in  the 
Legislature,  thus  becoming  educated  as  an  editor  and 
publisher;  in  1850  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1855  was  elected  Probate  Judge;  re 
signed  to  again  become  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
and  was  made  Speaker;  by  re-elections,  was  a  mem 
ber  ten  years;  in  1861  entered  the  army  in  the  Vol 
unteer  service;  in  1862  was  commissioned  Colonel  ol 
the  Ninety -second  Regiment  of  United  States  Troops: 
rendered  such  active  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Cum 
berland  as  to  cause  ill-health,  and  resigned  his  posi 
tion;  in  1871  was  again  Speaker  of  the  Assembly; 
served  in  that  capacity  four  years;  received  unani 
mous  complimentary  thanks,  and  a  gold  watch  for 
the  impartial  manner  in  which  he  discharged  the 
duties  of  that  office;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Van  "Winkle,  Peter  O-.;  was  born  in  the  City 
of  New  York,  September  7,  1808;  removed  to  Park- 
ersburg,  Virginia  (now  West  Virginia),  in  1835;  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  "Constitutional  Conven 
tion  "  of  1850;  also  of  the  "Wheeling  Convention  " 
of  1861 ;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  West  Virginia  in  1862- 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State  from 
its  organization  until  June,  1863;  in  November  ol 
that  year  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
West  Virginia,  for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Finance,  Pensions,  and  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was 
Hubsequently  made  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Tensions.  Died  April  15,  1872. 


Van  Voorhis,  John;  wasborninDecatur.  New 
York,  October  22,  1828;  received  an  academic  edu 
cation;  studied  law,  and  engaged  in  its  practice  at 
Rochester,  New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  City 
Board  of  Education  in  1857;  City  Attorney  in  1859; 
was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1862; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1864;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses. 

Van  Wyck,  Charles  H.;  was  born  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York,  in  November,  1824;  graduated 
at  Rutgers  College,  New  Jersey;  studied  and  prac 
ticed  law;  was  District  Attorney  of  Sullivan  County 
from  1850  to  1856;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Government 
Contracts;  while  in  Congress  served  in  the  Volun 
teer  service  as  Colonel  of  a  regiment;  in  1865  was 
appointed  a  Brigadier-General  by  brevet;  was  a  Del 
egate  to  the  Pittsburgh  "Soldiers'  Convention"  of 
1865;  was  elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Retrenchment; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  "Republican  Conven 
tion  ' '  of  1867 ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -first  Con 
gress;  removed  to  Nebraska  in  1874;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1876;  State 
Senator  from  1876  to  1880;  was  elected  United  States 
Senator  from  Nebraska  for  six  years  from  March  4, 
1881. 

Van  "Wyck,  William  "W.;  was  born  in  Dutch- 
ess  County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1821  to  1825. 

Van  Zandt,  Charles  Collins ;  was  born  at 
Newport,  Rhode  Island,  August  10,  1830;  was  grad 
uated  from  Trinity  College  in  1851;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853,  and  engaged  in 
practice  at  Newport;  was  Speaker  of  the  State 
House  of  Representatives  in  1858-59,  from  1866  to 
1869,  and  from  1871  to  1873;  was  Lieutenant-Go v- 
ernor  and  ex-officio  President  of  the  State  Senate  from 
1873  to  1875;  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island  from, 
1877  to  1880;  in  the  latter  year  was  tendered,  by 
President  Hayes,  the  post  of  United  States  Minister 
to  Russia,  which  he  declined. 

Varnum,  James  Mitchell ;  was  born  in  Dra- 
cut,  Massachusetts,  in  1749;  graduated  at  Rhode 
Island  College  in  1769;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
East  Greenwich;  in  1774  accepted  the  command  of 
a  company  called  the  "Kentish  Guards";  in  1777 
was  promoted,  by  Congress,  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General;  in  1779  resigned  his  commission  in  the 
army,  and  the  Legislature  appointed  him  Major- 
G«£*Jral  of  Militia;  from  1780  to  1782  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  after  which  service  he 
returned  to  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  in  17S6 
was  again  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  and  served  one 
year;  was  then  appointed  Judge  of  the  Northwest 
Territory.  Died  in  1790. 

Varnum,  John ;  was  a  native  of  Essex  County 
Massachusetts;  was  educated  at  Harvard  University; 
practiced  law  for  some  years  at  Haverhill,  Massachu 
setts;  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1825  to  1831;  removed  to  Niles.  in 
the  State  of  Michigan,  where  he  died,  July  23,  1846, 
aged  sixty-three  years. 

Varnum,  Joseph  Bradley  ;  was  born  in  Dra- 
cut,  Massachusetts,  in  1759;  was  a  General  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


517 


Revolutionary  War;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1795  to  1811,  being  Speaker  during  the 
Tenth  and  Eleventh  Congresses;  was  chosen  Senator 
in  1811;  served  until  1817,  and  was  President  pro 
tern,  of  the  Senate;  was  a  useful  member  of  the  three 
Conventions  of  Massachusetts.  Died  suddenly, 
September  11,  1821,  being  then  Major-General  of  a 
division  of  militia. 

Vaughan,  William  W. ;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-second  Congress,  as  a  Representative  from 
Tennessee,  and  served  on  the  Committee  on  Terri 
tories. 

Veazey,  Thomas  "W.;  was  Governor  of  Mary 
land  from  1836  to  1838;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Delegates  and  of  the  Executive  Council.  Died  in 
Cecil  County,  Maryland,  June  30,  1848,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years. 

Veeder,  "William  D. ;  was  born  at  Guilderland, 
Albany  County,  New  York,  May  19,  1835;  received 
an  academic  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1858,  and  began  to  practice  in  Brook 
lyn,  New  York;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  in 
186,1  and  1866;  Surrogate  of  Kings  County  from  1867 
to  1877;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1867  and  1868;  was,  for  several  years, 
a  member  of  the  Democratic  State  Committee;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Venable,  Abraham  B.;  was  a  graduate  of 
Princeton  College  in  1780;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia,  from  1791  to  1799;  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  1803  to  1804. 
Perished  in  the  conflagration  of  the  theatre  at  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  December  26,  1811. 

Venable,  Abraham  "W.;  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  County,  Virginia,  October  17,  1799;  gradu 
ated  at  Hampden  Sidney  College  in  1816;  studied 
medicine  for  two  years;  then  went  to  Princeton  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1819;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  North  Carolina  in  1821 ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1832  and  1836;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from  1847 
to  1853;  his  father  and  six  uncles  were  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  War,  serving  their  country  faithfully ;  he 
took  part  in  the  Rebellion  of  1861,  as  a  member  of 
the  so-called  Confederate  Congress,  having  previously 
been  elected  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  at  his 
home,  in  March,  1876. 

Venable,  "William  E.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ten 
nessee;  arrived  in  Guatemala,  in  March,  1857,  as 
Minister  Resident,  and  died  August  22,  of  the  same 
year. 

Verplanck,  Daniel  O.;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1761;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1802  to  1809;  subsequently  served  for 
many  years  as  Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Dutchess 
County,  New  York,  resigning  in  1828.  Died  near 
Fishkill,  March  29,  1834.  Was  the  father  of  G.  C. 
Verplanck. 

Verplanck,  Gulian  O.;  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  in  August,  1786;  graduated  at  Columbia 
College  in  1801;  pursued  the  study  of  the  law;  after 
his  admission  to  the  bar,  passed  several  years  abroad, 
in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  continent:  on  his  return 
home  became  interested  in  politics,  and  in  1814  was 
a  candidate  of  the  "  malcontents  "  in  New  York  for 
the  Assembly;  in  1819  wrote  the  "State  Triumvir 
ate,  a  Political  Tale,"  a  satire  on  the  political  parties 
of  the  day,  and  other  works  of  a  similar  description; 


in  1820  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  New  York 
Legislature,  iu  which  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Education;  soon  after  became  Professor  of 
the  Evidences  of  Christianity,  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  of  the  Protestant  P^piscopal  Church  in  New 
York,  and  in  1824  published  "  Essays  on  the  Nature 
and  Uses  of  the  Various  Evidences  of  Revealed  Re 
ligion," — a  work  written  with  simplicity  and  ele 
gance;  the  next  year  appeared  his  "Essay  on  the 
Doctrine  of  Contracts;  being  an  Inquiry  how  Con 
tracts  are  affected,  in  Law  and  Morals,  by  Conceal 
ment,  Error,  or  Inadequate  Price";  besides  these 
works,  contributed  much  to  various  magazines,  and, 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Bryant  and  Mr.  Sands,  pub 
lished  the  "Talisman,"  a  species  of  annual,  three 
volumes  of  which  appeared;  from  1825  to  1833  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  city  of  New  York ;  was 
afterwards,  for  several  years,  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate;  also  published,  in  1833,  a  collection  of 
his  discourses  and  addresses  on  various  subjects,  and, 
in  1844  and  1846,  a  handsome  edition  of  Shakespeare; 
was  a  Regent  of  the  University  of  New  York  from 
January,  1826,  and  held  manv  other  local  offices. 
Died  in  New  York  City,  March'  18,  1870. 

Verree,  John  P.;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1819;  was  an  iron  manufacturer  by 
occupation — the  business  of  his  whole  life  heretofore; 
was,  for  six  years,  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  Se 
lect  Council,  and  four  years  the  presiding  officer  of 
that  body;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Penn 
sylvania  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress. 

Vest,  George  Graham ;  was  born  at  Frank 
fort,  Kentucky,  December  6,  1830;  graduated  at  Cen 
tre  College,  Kentucky,  in  1848.  and  at  the  Law  De 
partment  of  Transylvania  University,  Kentucky,  in 
1853;  removed  to  Missouri  in  that  year  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1860;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1860-61;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Confederate 
Congress  for  two  years,  and  a  member  of  the  Confed 
erate  Senate  one  year;  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Missouri  for  the  term  of  six  years 
from  March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for  six 
years. 

Vibbard,  Chauncey  ;  was  born  at  Gal  way,  Sar 
atoga  County,  New  York,  November  11,  1811;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education:  was,  for  several 
years,  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  and  afterwards 
in  a  railroad  office,  in  Albany;  in  1848  became  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Utica  and  Schenectady  Rail 
way  Company;  was  afterwards  called  to  the  same 
position  in  the  New  York  Central  Railway  Company, 
in  which  capacity  he  continued  until  elected  a  Rep 
resentative,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  as  a  member  on  the  Committee  on 
the  Post  Office  and  Post  Roads. 

Vickers,  George ;  was  born  in  Chestertown, 
Kent  County,  Maryland,  November  19,  1801 ;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education ;  became  a  Clerk  in  the 
office  of  a  County  Clerk;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1832;  in  1836  was  an  Elector  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Maryland;  subsequently  declined  the  ap 
pointment  of  Judge  tendered  by  Governors  Hicks 
and  Bradford;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore 
Whig  Convention  "  of  1852;  in  1864  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1866  and  18(37;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Maryland,  for  the  term  ending  in  1873,  in 
t'ue  place  of  P.  F.  Thomas,  rejected  by  the  Senate 


518 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


at  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion  received,  from 
the  Governor,  the  appointment  of  Major-General  o 
the  Maryland  Militia. 

Videl,  Michel ;  was  born  in  Languedoc,  France; 
received  a  collegiate  education  ;  emigrated  to  the 
Republic  of  Texas;  spent  two  years  in  Louisiana  en 
gaged  in  literary  pursuits;  was  subsequently  a  writer 
fir  the  newspaper  press  in  Quebec,  Canada,  in  New 
York  City,  and  New  Orleans;  in  1867  started,  in 
Opelousas,  Louisiana,  a  paper  called  the  St.  Landry 
Progress;  was  afterwards  appointed  a  Registrar  for 
the  City  of  New  Orleans;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1868;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Louisiana  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  State  Department; 
was  subsequently  appointed  Consul  at  Tripoli,  and 
when  certain  troubles  occurred  in  1875  vacated  his 
post. 

Viele,  Egbert  L.;  was  born  at  Waterford,  Sara 
toga  County,  New  York,  June  17,  1825;  received  his 
early  education  at  the  Albany  Academy,  Albany, 
New  York;  graduated  from  the  United  States  Mili 
tary  Academy,  West  Point,  June  17,  1847;  was  ap 
pointed  Brevet  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Second 
United  States  Infantry;  was  subsequently  commis 
sioned  a  Second  Lieutenant,  and,  later,  a  First  Lieu 
tenant  in  the  First  United  States  Infantry;  served 
in  the  Mexican  War  and  in  campaigns  against  the 
Indians  in  the  Southwest  until  1853,  when  he  re 
signed  and  settled  in  New  York  City  as  a  Civil  Engi 
neer;  in  1858  was  appointed  Topographical  Engineer 
of  the  State  of  New  Jersey;  in  1856  prepared  the  de 
sign  of  Central  Park,  New  York;  in  that  year  was 
appointed  Engineer-iu-chief  of  Central  Park:  in  1859 
draughted  the  design  of  Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn;  in 
1860  was  appointed  Engineer  of  Prospect  Park;  in  the 
same  year  was  appointed  C'aptain  of  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  Seventh  New  York  Regiment;  in  1861 
was  appointed  Brigadier-General  of  United  States 
Volunteers;  in  1862  was  Military  Governor  of  Nor 
folk,  Virginia;  in  1863  was  appointed  President  of 
the  Department  of  Public  Parks  in  New  York  City; 
became  a  Fellow  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences,  a  Fel 
low  of  the  American  Geographical  Society  and  Mem 
ber  of  its  Council,  a  Fellow  of  the  National  Academy 
of  Design,  and  a  member  of  the  National  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Sciences;  was  the  author  ol 
"Hand-book  for  Active  Service" — a  military  man 
ual  published  at  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War — 
"Topographical  Atlas  of  the  City  of  New  York,"  and 
numerous  papers  on  geography,  sanitation,  and  engi 
neering;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Vilas,  William  F. ;  was  born  at  Chelsea,  Ver 
mont,  July  9,  1840;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
Madison,  Wisconsin,  in  1851;  graduated  from  the 
Wisconsin  State  University  in  1858,  and  from  the 
Albany  Law  School,  at  Albany,  New  York,  in  1860; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Wisconsin  in  the  latter 
year,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Mad 
ison,  Wisconsin;  in  1^62  raised  a  Company  of  Volr.n 
teers  and  joined  the  Twenty-third  Wisconsin  Regi- 
aient  as  Captain  of  the  Company;  in  March,  1863. 
became  a  Lieutenant-Colonel;  had  command  of  hi> 
Regiment  during  the  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Mississippi, 
and  for  two  months  afterwards;  resigned  his  com 
mission  in  1863,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Madison,  Wisconsin;  became  a  lecturer 
in  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  ot 
Wisconsin,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents  oi 
that  institution;  from  1875  to  1878  was,  by  appoint 
aient  of  the  State  Supreme  Court,  one  of  the  Re 
visers  of  the  Statutes  of  Wisconsin;  was  Chairman 


of  the  Democratic  National  Convention  of  1884;  in 
March,  1885,  became  Postmaster-General  in  the  Cab 
inet  of  President  Cleveland. 

Villere,  Jaquez  ;  was  Major  of  Volunteers  under 
General  Jackson  in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  in  1814 
and  1815;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana  from  1816  to 
1820. 

Vining1,  John;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  J'rom  1784  to  1786;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Delaware,  from  1789  to  1792;  voted 
br  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1795  to  1798,  when 
resigned. 

Vinton,  Samuel  P.;  was  born  at  South  Hadley, 
Massachusetts,  September  25,  1792;  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  in  1814;  studied 
law  in  Middleton,  Connecticut,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  181(>,  when  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  prac 
ticed  his  profession  with  eminent  success;  was  first 
elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1823,  and 
served  fourteen  years,  when  he  declined  a  re-election ; 
was  again  elected  in  1843,  and  served  eight  years  in 
succession,  when  he  again  declined  a  re-election,  and 
retired  to  private  life,  where  his  tastes  and  wishes 
inclined  him  to  remain ;  in  1840  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1862  was  appointed  a  Commissioner 
under  the  act  emancipating  the  slaves  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  and  died  in  Washington  in  May  of  that 
year. 

Voorhees,  Charles  Stewart;  was  born  in 
Covington,  Indiana,  June  4,  1853;  graduated  at 
Georgetown  College,  District  of  Columbia,  June  26, 
1873;  studied  law.  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Terre 
Haute,  Indiana,  in  1875,  and  engaged  in  practice;  re 
moved  to  Washington  Territory  in  April,  1882,  lo 
cating  at  Colfax;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
for  Whitman  County,  in  November,  1882;  served 
until  January  10,  1885;  in  1884  was  elected  the  Dele 
gate  from  Washington  Territory  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Voorhees,  Daniel  "W.;  was  born  in  Fountain 
County,  Indiana,  September  26,  1828;  graduated  at 
the  Indiana  Asbury  University  in  1849;  read  law, 
and  commenced  the  practice  in  1851;  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Indiana,  which  office  he  held  three 
years;  in  1859  was  engaged  in  the  defence  of  John  E. 
Cook,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  for  participation  in  the 
John  Brown  raid;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Elections;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  tiie  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  same 
Committee;  occasionally,  by  way  of  relieving  the 
monotony  of  professional  life,  was  in  the  habit  of  ad 
dressing  literary  societies  on  subjects  of  general  in 
terest;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -ninth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Appropriations,  but  his 
seat  was  successfully  contested  by  H.  D.  Washburn; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revision  of  Laws  and  Pacific 
Railroad;  in  1877  was  appointed  a  United  States  Sen 
ator  from  Indiana  for  the  unexpired  term  of  O.  P. 
Morton,  deceased;  was  elected  for  the  full  term  of  six 
years  from  March  4,  1879;  in  1885  was  re-elected  for 
•i  further  term  of  six  years. 

Voorhis,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Spring  Val 
ley,  New  Jersey,  March  13,  1833;  graduated  at 
Rutgers'  College  in  1853;  studied  law:  was  admitted 
to  practice  as  an  attorney  in  1856,  and  as  a  counselor 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


519 


in  1859;  in  1833  was  appointed  Presiding  Judge 
for  Bergen  County;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  Jersey  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

Vose,  Roger  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1790;  was,  for  many  years,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  New  Hampshire;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1813  to  1817.  Died  April  17,  1842. 

Vroom,  Peter  D.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1791;  graduated  at  Columbia  College,  New  York;  was 
Governor  of  New  Jersey  from  1829  to  1836;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  .Jersey  from 
1839  to  1841;  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitu 
tional  Convention"  of  1844;  in  1852  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector;  in  1853  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Prussia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  '' Peace  Congress"  of 
1861.  Died  in  Trenton,  November  18,  1873. 

Waddell,  Alfred  Moore ;  was  born  in  Hills- 
borough,  North  Carolina,  September  16,  1834;  gradu 
ated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  1853; 
studied  law,  and  adopted  that  profession;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Equity  from  1858  until  1861;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  National  Convention  at  Baltimore  in 
1860;  edited  the  Wilmington  Daily  Herald  from  1860 
to  1861;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  as  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  of  Cavalry;  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manufactures ;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Waddill,  James  B.;  was  born  at  Springfield' 
Missouri,  November  22,  1842;  was  educated  in  the 
private  schools  and  the  College  of  his  native  place; 
served  in  the  Union  Army  from  1861  to  1863,  when 
he  resigned;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1864,  and  commenced  practice;  was  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee  from  1864 
to  1872;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1874; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty -sixth  Congress. 

"Wade,  Benjamin  F.;  was  born  in  Feeding 
Hills  Parish,  Massachusetts,  October  27,  1800;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  commenced  active  life  by 
teaching  school  and  attending  to  agricultural  pur 
suits  in  Ohio,  to  which  State  he  removed  when  twen 
ty-one  years  of  age;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1828 ;  held  the  positions  of  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Ashtabula  Coun 
ty,  State  Senator,  and  President  of  a  Judicial  Cir 
cuit;  in  1851  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Ohio,  for  the  term  ending  in  1857;  was  twice  re 
flected,  his  third  term  ending  in  1869;  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Territories  and  of  the 
Special  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the  War,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions  and  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  on  the  meeting  of  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress  was  chosen  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern.;  in 
j  869  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  for  the  Pacific 
Railroad  Company.  Died  March  3,  1878. 

"Wade,  Decius  O.;  was  born  at  Andover,  Ohio, 
January  23,  1835;  was  educated  at  Kingsville  Acad- 

j  emy,  Ohio;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

|  1857,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Jefferson,  Ohio;  in  1860  was  appointed  County 
Judge  of  Ashtabula  County,  and  was  twice  elected 

i  to  that  position,  serving  seven  years;  in  1869  was 
i :  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  while  serving  in  that  ca- 

f  pacity,  in  1871,  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  Mon 
tana;  was  re  appointed  in  1875,  again  re-appointed 
lu  1879,  and  for  a  fourth  term  in  1883. 


"Wade,  Edward  ;  was  born  at  West  Springfield, 
Massachusetts,  November  22,  1803;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education ;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Andover,  Ashtabula  County,  Ohio,  in  1821,  where  he 
remained  until  1824,  and  engaged  in  clearing  land; 
studied  law  in  Albany  and  Troy,  New  York,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Jefferson,  Ohio,  in  1827;  was 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  that  county;  in  1832 
removed  to  Union ville,  and  remained  until  1837;  fin 
ally  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty- third  Congress;  was 
three  times  re-elected,  serving,  in  the  Thirty  -sixth 
Congress,  on  the  Committee  on  Commerce.  Died  in 
Cleveland,  in  August,  1866. 

"Wade,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  Clark  County, 
Ohio,  November  3,  1835;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  grammar  schools,  at  an  academy,  and 
at  Antioch  College,  Ohio;  enlisted  in  the  Union 
Army  in  1861,  and  rose  through  the  intermediate 
grades  to  Lieutenant-Colonel ;  was  mustered  out  of 
service  in  1866,  and  settled  in  Missouri,  near  Spring 
field,  as  a  farmer;  in  1880  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1882;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

"Wadleigh,  Bainbridge ;  was  born  in  Bradford, 
New  Hampshire,  January  4,  1831;  received  a  liberal 
education ;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1850;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  for  eight  years  between  1865  and  1873; 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1873,  and  ending  in  1879,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Patents,  Military  Affairs,  and 
Elections. 

"Wadsworth,  James;  was  a  Delegate  from  Con 
necticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  178!?  to 
1786. 

"Wadsworth,  James  "W.;  was  born  at  Phila 
delphia,  Pennsylvania,  October  12,  1842;  iu  1863 
went  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  to  prepare  ibr  col 
lege;  in  1864  left  his  studies  to  enter  the  Union 
Army  as  a  Staff  Officer;  participated  in  the  battles 
before  Petersburg,  Virginia,  and  was  brevetted  Major 
for  gallantry  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks;  at  the  close 
of  the  war  resumed  his  studies  at  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School,  at  New  Haven,  where  he  remained 
two  years;  then  resumed  his  residence  at  Geneseo, 
New  York,  and  assumed  the  management  of  exten 
sive  landed  estates  which  he  had  inherited ;  was 
Supervisor  in  1873,  1874,  and  1875;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1878  and  187t>; 
was  Comptroller  of  the  State  from  1879  to  1881 ;  in  the 
latter  year  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy ; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

"Wadsworth,  Jeremiah  ;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Connecticut  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  178<> 
to  1788;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
Stata  from  1789  to  1895.  Died  in  1804,  aged  sixty 
years. 

"Wadsworth,  Peleg ;  was  born  at  Duxbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  6,  1748;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1769;  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits; 
joined  the  army  as  Captain  of  a  Company  of  Min 
ute  Men,  at  Roxbury,  in  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
and  by  his  skill  and  courage  rose  rapidly  in  the  ser 
vice;  was  second  in  command  of  the  forces  sent  to 
Penobscot  by  Massachusetts  in  1799,  on  which  oc 
casion  he  displayed  great  courage,  and  was  taken 
prisoner;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General; 
after  the  war,  in  1784.  established  himself  in  Port- 


520 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


land,  Maine,  in  mercantile  business;  was  employed 
much  in  surveying,  in  which  he  was  quite  skillful; 
in  1792  was  elected  a  Senator  in  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts;  in  the  same  year  was  chosen  the  first 
Representative  in  Congress  from  his  District;  was 
successively  re-elected  until  1806,  when  he  declined  a 
further  nomination;  in  1798  the  citizens  of  Portland 
£;ave  him  a  public  dinner  in  approbation  of  his  con 
duct  as  their  Representative;  in  1807  removed  to 
the  County  of  Oxford,  Maine,  to  improve  a  large 
tract  of  land  granted  to  him  by  the  Government  for 
his  services:  here  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
days  in  retirement,  enjoying  the  respect  of  a  large 
circle  of  friends  and  fellow-citizens.  Died  in  1829. 

Wadsworth,  William  H.;  was  born  at  Mays- 
ville,  Mason  County,  Kentucky,  July  4,  1821;  came 
of  the  old  family  of  Wadsworths  who  founded  the 
City  of  Hartford,  Connecticut;  received  his  education 
at  the  Maysville  Seminary  and  the  Augusta  College 
of  Kentucky;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Kentucky  in  1853 
and  1855;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860,  presid 
ing  over  the  Electoral  College;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands  and  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library;  after  leaving  Congress, 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Mexican  Claims 
Commission;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Wagener,  David  D.;  was  born  in  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  a  merchant,  and  for  many  years  President 
of  the  Easton  Bank;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1^33  to  1841.  Died  at 
Easton,  Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1860. 

Waggamann,  George  A.;  was  Secretary  of 
the  State  of  Louisiana  under  three  administrations; 
held  various  other  public  positions;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1831  to  1835.  Died  at  New  Orleans, 
March  23,  1843,  from  the  effects  of  a  wound  received 
in  a  duel,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

"Wagner,  Peter  J.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1839  to  1841. 

Wait,  John  Turner ;  was  born  at  New  Lon 
don,  Connecticut,  August  27,  1811;  received  a  mer 
cantile  training  in  early  life,  and  was  two  years  a 
Btudent  at  Trinity  College;  studied  law;  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1836  and  settled  at  Norwich,  Con 
necticut;  was  State's  Attorney  for  the  county  of  New 
London  from  1842  to  1844,  and  from  1846  to  1854; 
was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor  in  1854,  1855,  1856,  and  1857;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1864;  was  a  State  Senator  in  18  J5  and 
1866;  President  pro  tern,  the  latter  year;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1867,  1871  and 
1873.  serving  the  first  year  as  Speaker;  was  an  un 
successful  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  in  1874; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  H.  H.  Starkweather,  taking  his  seat 
April  12,  1876;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  For 
ty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth,  and  Forty- 
ninth  Congresses. 

Waite,  Charles  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  re 
moved  to  Illinois,  from  which  State  he  was  ap 
pointed  an  Associate  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Utah,  residing  at  Salt  Lake 
Citv. 


Waite,  Morrison  R. ;  was  born  in  Lyme,  Con 
necticut,  November  29,  1816;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1837;  studied  law  in  his  native  place  with 
his  father,  then  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Errors;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1838;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1839;  practiced  his  profession  from  that  date 
until  1874  in  Maumee  City  and  Toledo;  in  1849  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1871  was  one  of 
the  Counsel  of  the  United  States  before  the  Tribunal 
of  Arbitration  at  Geneva,  under  the  treaty  of  Wash 
ington;  in  1873  was  unanimously  elected  a  member 
of  the  Convention  to  Amend  the  Constitution  of 
Ohio,  and  was  made  its  President;  in  January,  1874, 
was  nominated  and  confirmed  as  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  taking  the  oath 
of  office  on  the  4th  day  of  the  following  March;  in 
1875,  when  some  of  his  friends  in  Ohio  proposed  that 
he  should  consent  to  be  a  candidate  for  the  Presi 
dency,  he  wrote  a  letter  declining  the  honor,  and  his 
opinions  on  the  subject  were  universally  applauded 
throughout  the  country. 

Wakefield,  J.  B.;  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1828;  graduated  from  Trinity  College;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Ohio;  commenced 
practice  in  Indiana;  removed  to  Minnesota  in  1854; 
was  a  member  of  the  first  State  Legislature  of  Min 
nesota  in  1857;  was  again  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1865,  and  was  elected  Speaker;  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1867,  1868,  and  1869;  in  the  latter  year 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  the  United  States  Land 
Office  at  Winnebago  City;  resigned  in  1875,  and  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Minnesota;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions  of 
1868  and  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Minnesota  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Wakely,  Ebenezer;  was  born  in  New  York; 
settled  in  Wisconsin;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory 
of  Nebraska. 

Wakeman,  Abraham;  was  born  at  Fairfield, 
Connecticut,  May  31,  1824;  received  a  district  school 
education;  when  sixteen  years  of  age  removed  to 
New  Rochelle,  New  York,  and  taught  school;  subse 
quently  attended  an  academy  in  Herkimer  County 
as  a  pupil,  a  part  of  the  time  working  on  a  farm  to 
pay  his  expenses;  then  went  into  the  wilderness, 
and  took  charge  of  a  saw-mill;  after  that  went  into 
the  business  of  selling  books  by  subscription,  travel 
ing  through  much  of  the  Union;  in  1844  commenced 
the  study  of  law  in  Herkimer  County,  New  York; 
went  to  New  York  City  in  1846;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1847;  in  1850  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  re-elected  in  1851;  in  1854  was  elected  an 
Alderman  in  New  York,  serving  two  years;  in  1856 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress;  also  frequently  served  as  a  member  of 
State  Conventions. 

Walbridge,  David  S.;  was  born  at  Benning 
ton,  Vermont,  July  30,  1802;  received  his  education 
from  the  common  schools  of  the  vicinity;  devoted 
himself  to  the  various  employments  of  the  farmer, 
the  merchant,  and  the  miller;  removed  to  Michigan 
in  1842;  \vas  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  in  1854,  and  served  until  1859. 
Died  at  Kalamazoo,  June  15,  1868. 

Walbridge,  Henry  S.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York,  from  1851  to  1 853. 

Walbridge,  Hiram ;  was  born  at  Ithaca,  Tomp- 
kins  County,  Now  York,  February  2,  1821;  com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


521 


menced  life  by  learning  the  trade  of  a  mechanic; 
subsequently  received  a  good  education  at  the  Ohio 
University ;  when  twenty-three  years  of  age  was 
elected  a  Brigadier-General  of  the  Ohio  Militia;  re 
moving  to  New  York  City,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York,  serving  from  1853 
to  1855;  in  1865  was  President  of  the  "Commercial 
Convention  "  held  in  Detroit;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866.  Died 
in  New  York  City,  December  6,  1870. 

Walcott,  O.  P.;  was  Assistant  Secretary  of  War 
during  a  part  of  the  Rebellion. 

"Walden,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Rutland  County, 
Vermont,  August  29,  1800;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  New  York;  de 
voted  himself  to  the  business  of  cloth-dressing  and 
wool-carding;  took  an  interest  in  military  affairs,  and 
attained  the  office  of  Major-General  of  Militia;  in  1836 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1842  was 
elected  a  Supervisor  in  the  County  of  Schoharie;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1849  to  1851. 

"Walden,  Madison  M.;  was  born  in  Adams 
County,  Ohio,  October  6,  1836;  was  educated  at  the 
Denmark  Academy;  graduated  at  the  Wesley  an  Uni 
versity,  Ohio,  in  1859;  studied  law;  served  in  the 
Union  Army  from  1861  to  1865,  as  Captain  of  Infantry 
and  Cavalry;  had  charge  of  a  newspaper  at  Centre- 
ville,  Iowa;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  of  Iowa  in  1866  and  1867;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  in  1868  and  1869;  was  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor  of  Iowa  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Waldo,  H.  L.;  in  January,  1876,  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  New  Mexico. 

Waldo,  Lorin  P.;  was  born  at  Canterbury, 
Windham  County,  Connecticut,  February  2,  1802; 
received  a  thorough  English  education  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  and  pursued  the  study  of  the  classics  to 
some  extent  under  private  instructors;  read  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  State  of 
Connecticut,  in  September,  1825;  located  in  Tolland 
County,  Connecticut,  where  he  was  State's  Attorney 
from  1857  to  1849;  was,  for  two  years,  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Probate  in  his.district,  and  six  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  his  State;  in  April,  1849, 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-lirst  Congress;  in  1852  was 
elected  Commissioner  of  the  School  Fund  of  Connecti 
cut;  in  March,  1853,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Commissioner  of  Pensions;  in  June,  1855,  was 
elected,  by  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  to  the 
office  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Convention" 
of  1866. 

Waldron,  Henry;  was  born  at  Albapy,  New 
York,  October  11,  1819;  graduated  at  Rutgers  Col 
lege,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  in  July,  1836; 
became  a  civil  engineer  by  profession;  was  elected  to 
the.  Legislature  of  Michigan  in  1843;  served  as  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  during  the  years  1855,  1856, 
1857,  and  1858,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Mileage;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Territories;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-second,  Forty- 
third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Banking,  and  Ways  and  Means,  and 
Chairman  of  that  on  Mining. 


Wales,  George  E.;  was  born  in  Wyndham 
County,  Vermont;  served  six  years  in  the  State  Leg 
islature,  and  was  Speaker  in  1823  and  1824;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Vermont  from  1825 
to  1829;  was  Judge  of  Probate  for  Hartford  County 
from  1843  to  1848. 

Wales,  John ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Delaware  from  1849  to  1851,  in  place  of  John  M. 
Clayton,  resigned.  Died  December  3,  1863. 

Wales,  Leonard  E.;  was  born  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  November  26,  1823;  received  a  classical 
education,  graduating  from  Yale  College  in  1845; 
studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848,  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Wilmington,  Del 
aware;  in  1864  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Delaware  for  New  Castle  County;  continued 
in  this  position  until  March  20,  1884,  when  he  re 
signed  to  accept  the  appointment  of  United  States 
District  Judge  for  the  District  of  Delaware,  which 
had  been  tendered  him  by  President  Cleveland. 

Walker,  Amasa ;  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Con 
necticut,  May  4,  1799;  received  a  common  school 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  in  1842 
became  Professor  of  Political  Economy  at  the  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio;  in  1843  visited  Europe  as  a  Delegate  to 
the  Peace  Congress;  went  on  the  same  mission  iu 
1849;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1849; 
was  a  State  Senator  in  1850;  was  Secretary  of  State 
in  1851  and  1852;  was  a  member  of  the  "  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention"  of  1853;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  G.  F.  Bailey,  de 
ceased;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ' '  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866;  was  the  author  of  a  work  on  the 
"Science  of  Wealth."  Died  at  North  Brookfield, 
Massachusetts,  October  29,  1875.  He  was  the  father 
of  F.  A.  Walker,  formerly  at  the  head  of  the  Census 
Bureau  in  Washington. 

Walker,  Benjamin ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1801  to  1803. 

Walker,  Charles  M.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  in 
1863  was  appointed,  from  Indiana,  Fifth  Auditor  of 
the  Treasury,  serving  until  1869. 

Walker,  O.  O.  B.;  was  born  at  Drewsville, 
Cheshire  County,  New  Hampshire.  June  27,  1824; 
was  educated  at  the  Kimball  and  Keene  Union 
Academies;  removed  to  Corning,  New  York;  waa 
made  Supervisor  of  the  town;  was  Postmaster  of 
Corning  from  1856  to  1860;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Charleston  Convention"  of  that  year;  was  an  As 
sistant  Quartermaster-General  at  Elmirain  1861 ;  waa 
Delegate  to  the  "Baltimore  Convention"  of  1872; 
was,  for  twenty-two  years,  a  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Democratic  Central  Committee;  in  1874 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Walker,  David ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky  from  1817  to  1820.  Died 
March  1,  1820,  having  sent  a  request  to  Congress  that 
his  death  should  not  be  officially  noticed,  which  re 
quest  was  complied  with. 

Walker,  David  S.;  was  Governor  of  Florida 
from  1866  to  1868. 

Walker,  Felix  ;  was  born  in  Hampshire  County, 
Virginia,  July  19,  1753;  was  the  friend  and  com 
panion  of  Daniel  Boone,  when  he  explored  Kentucky 
and  founded  Boonsborough;  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Indian  wars  in  the  Carolinas;  settled  in  Tryon  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina;  was,  for  mauy  years,  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
North  Carolina  from  1817  to  1823;  subsequently  re 
moved  to  the  State  of  Mississippi.  Died  there  in 
18  30. 

"Walker,  Francis ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia  from  1793  to  1795. 

"Walker,  Francis  Amasa  ;  was  born  in  Bos 
ton,  Massachusetts,  July  2,  1840;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  North  Brookfield,  Massachusetts,  in  1343; 
graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1860;  began  the 
study  of  law;  was  made  Sergeant-Major  of  the 
Fifteenth  Massachusetts  Regiment  in  1861;  was,  the 
same  year,  promoted  to  Assistant  Adjutant-General 
of  Couch's  Brigade;  in  1862  became  Adjutant-Gen 
eral  of  Couch's  Division;  in  1863  was  Colonel  on  the 
Staff  of  the  Second  Army  Corps;  was  Brevet  Brig 
adier-General  in  1865;  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Po 
tomac;  was  wounded  at  Chaucellorsville;  was  made 
prisoner  at  Ream's  Station;  was  confined  in  Libby 
Prison;  was  exchanged  in  1865;  taught,  for  two 
years,  in  Williston  Seminary;  was,  for  one  year,  edi 
tor  of  the  Springfield  Beptihliettii;  then  took  charge  of 
the  Bureau  of  Statistics  at  Washington;  was  Superin 
tendent  of  the  Census  of  1870;  in  1871  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs;  was  subsequently 
appointed  Professor  at  Yale  College;  was  again  Su 
perintendent  of  the  Census  Bureau,  during  the  tak 
ing  of  the  Census  of  1880. 

"Walker,  Freeman ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1819  to  1821,  and  resigned. 

"Walker,  George ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1814  to  1815,  by  appointment 
of  the  Governor,  and  was  succeeded  by  W.  T.  Barry, 
elected  by  the  Legislature. 

"Walker,  Gilbert  C.;  was  born  at  Binghamton, 
New  York,  August  1,  1832;  entered  Williams  Col 
lege,  Massachusetts;  in  1854  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College,  New  York;  came  to  the  bar,  and  settled  at 
Owego;  in  1858  was  a  member  of  the  "Democratic 
Convention";  in  1859  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois, 
there  practicing  law  and  participating  in  politics;  in 
1864  went  to  Norfolk,  Virginia;  very  soon  became 
President  of  the  Exchange  National  Bank;  held 
other  positions  of  honor  and  trust;  subsequently  set 
tled  in  Richmond;  in  186!)  was  elected  Governor  of 
Virginia  by  an  unprecedented  majority,  serving  four 
years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to 
the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  in  December,  1875,  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education 
and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress.  Died  May  11,  1885. 

Walker,  Henderson ;  was  a  lawyer,  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  President  of  the  Cooncil, 
and  introduced  important  reforms  in  the  Judiciary'- 
was  Governor  of  North  Carolina  from  1699  until  his 
death.  Died  April  14,  1704,  aged  forty-four  years. 

"Walker,  Isaac  P.;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1841:  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Wisconsin, 
from  1848  to  1855,  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee' 
on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

Walker,  James  D.;  was  born  in  Logan  County 
Kentucky,  December  13,  1830;  was  educated  at 
private  schools,  and  at  Ozark  Institute,  Arkansas,  to 
which  State  he  removed  in  1847;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850,  and  commenced  practice 
at  Fayetteville,  Arkansas;  served  in  the  Confederate 
Army  as  a  Colonel;  was  Solicitor  General  of  the 


State  for  a  time;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1876; 
in  1879  took  his  seat  as  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Arkansas  for  the  term  of  six  years. 

Walker,  John  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Virginia  during  the  year  1790,  by  appointment,  but 
was  superseded  by  J.  Monroe;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the 
Potomac. 

Walker,  John  H.;  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Walker,  John  W.;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1806;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Alabama,  from  1819  to  1822;  resigned  on  account  of 
ill-health:  it  is  said  that  he  sometimes  addressed  the 
Senate  when  it  was  thought  he  would  die  before 
completing  his  remarks.  Died  in  April,  1823. 

"Walker,  Joseph ;  was  elected  Governor  of 
Louisiana  in  1850,  and  held  the  office  until  1854. 

Walker,  Percy ;  was  born  near  Huntsville, 
Alabama;  received  an  academic  education;  in  1835 
graduated  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Univers 
ity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  removed  to  Mobile;  served 
as  an  officer  in  a  Volunteer  company  during  the 
Creek  War;  afterwards  studied  law  as  a  profession, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842;  was  elected, 
by  the  Legislature,  to  the  office  of  State's  Attorney 
for  the  Sixth  Judicial  Circuit,  which  he  held  four 
years;  in  1839,  1847,  and  1853  represented  Mobile 
County  in  the  General  Assembly;  in  1855  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress;  at  the  next  election  declined  being 
a  candidate,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law. 

Walker,  Robert  J.;  was  born  in  Northumber 
land,  Pennsylvania,  July  19,  1801;  entered  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
graduated  in  1819;  on  leaving  College  settled  in 
Pittsburgh;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  in  1821;  interested  himself  in  politics  at  a  very 
early  period,  and  became  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
Committee,  during  a  State  election,  when  only  twen 
ty-two  years  of  age;  a  year  or  two  later  took  part  in 
the  movement  in  favor  of  nominating  General  Jack 
son  to  the  Presidency,  and  was  instrumental  in 
bringing  about  the  action  of  the  "  Harrisburg  Con 
vention  "  which  nominated  Jackson  for  that  office  in 
1824;  in  the  spring  of  1826  removed  to  the  State  of 
Mississippi;  uniformly  refused  political  office  until 
1836,  when  he  was  chosen  a 'Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  until  1845;  in  that  body  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  his  party;  in  March,  1845,  on  President 
Folk's  accession  to  office,  was  called  upon  to  take 
charge  of  the  Treasury  Department,  which  he  ad 
ministered  for  four  years;  subsequently  visited  En 
gland,  where  he  met  with  flattering  attentions;  after 
having  been,  for  some  years,  out  of  politics,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  in  1857,  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Kansas,  which  office  he  re 
signed;  in  1863  again  went  to  Europe  and  negotiated 
bonds  of  the  Government  to  the  amount  of  two  hun 
dred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars;  his  financial  writ 
ings  were  numerous  and  highly  appreciated;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  ''National  Tnion  Con 
vention  "  of  1866.  Died  in  Washington.  November 
11,  1809. 

Walker,  Robert  J.  C.;  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  October  20,  1838;  graduated 
at  Dane  Hall,  Harvard  University,  in  1858;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Philadelphia  in  1859;  was  elected 
a  District  School  Director;  twice  elected  a  member 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


of  the  City  Council;  was,  for  some  time,  editor  and 
proprietor  of  The  Saturday  Evening  Post  newspaper; 
in  1878  removed  to  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  and 
engaged  in  the  lumber  and  coal  business;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sev 
enth  Congress. 

"Walker,  William  A.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
York  from  1853  to  1855.  Died  in  New  York,  De 
cember  18,  1861. 

"Wall,  Garret  D.;  was  born  in  Monmouth  Coun 
ty,  New  Jersey,  March  10,  1783;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  in  1798  commenced  the  study  of 
law  at  Trenton;  in  1804  was  licensed  as  an  Attorney, 
and  in  1807  as  Counselor-at-law;  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  in  1812,  which 
office  he  held  for  five  years;  commanded  a  Volunteer 
Company  at  the  defense  of  Sandy  Hook  in  the  War 
of  1812;  was  Quartermaster-General  of  the  State  from 
1815  to  1837;  in  1827  was  elected  to  the  General  As 
sembly;  in  1829  was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  New  Jersey;  the  same  year  was 
elected,  by  the  Legislature,  Governor  of  the  State, 
but  declined  the  office;  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate  from  1835  to  1841 ;  in  1843  his  health 
was  greatly  impaired  by  a  stroke  of  paralysis;  in 
1848  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals,  which  office  he  occupied  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  Novem 
ber  22,  1850.  His  disease  was  dropsy  on  the  chest. 

"Wall,  James  "W.;  was  born  at  Trenton,  New 
Jersey,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1839:  studied  law,  and  commenced  to  practice  in 
Trenton;  his  first  public  position  was  that  of  Com 
missioner  of  Bankruptcy;  in  1847  settled  in  Burling 
ton,  and  devoted  some  attention  to  literary  pursuits; 
in  1850  was  elected  Mayor  of  Burlington;  in  1854 
visited  Europe,  and  published  a  volume,  entitled 
"  Foreign  Etchings;  or,  Visits  to  the  Old  World's 
Pleasant  Places  ";  during  the  early  part  of  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  wrote  against  the  administration  in 
power,  for  interfering  with  the  freedom  of  the  press; 
was  imprisoned  for  a  few  weeks,  in  Fort  Lafayette, 
and  on  his  release  was  welcomed  home  with  great 
enthusiasm  by  his  fellow-citizens;  in  January,  1863, 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey, 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  John  W.  Thompson,  de 
ceased.  Died  June  9,  1872. 

"Wall,  "William;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
March  20,  1801 ;  served  seven  years  as  an  apprentice 
to  a  ropemaker;  removed  to  Kings  County,  Long 
Island,  in  1822,  where  he  followed  his  business  of 
ropemakingso  successfully  that  when  he  relinquished 
it,  in  1856,  he  had  acquired  a  large  fortune;  while 
thus  engaged  in  active  business  was  called  upon  to 
fill  a  great  number  of  local  offices,  such  as  Commis 
sioner  of  Highways,  School  Trustee,  Supervisor, 
Commissioner  of  Water-works,  etc. ;  in  1860  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Revolutionary  Claims,  and  Expenditures  on  Public 
Buildings;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loy 
alists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

"Wallace,  Alexander  S.;  was  born  in  York 
County,  South  Carolina,  December  30,  1810;  received 
a  liberal  education;  was  a  planter;  was  appointed  a 
magistrate  in  1838,  and  re-appointed  until  1853;  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  in  1852,  as  a 
Union  candidate,  in  opposition  to  all  secession 
movements;  was  again  elected  in  1865;  was  appointed 
Ittternal  Revenue  Collector  in  1866,  which  position 


he  held  until  elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress;  was- 
re-elected  to  the  Forty-second,  Forty-third,  and  For 
ty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Invalid  Pensions,  Accounts,  and  Revolutionary  Pen- 


Wallace,  Daniel  ;  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1847  to  1853. 

Wallace,  David;  was  born  in  Philadelphia,. 
April  4,  1799;  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1821,  and 
served  for  a  time  as  Professor  of  Mathematics;  in. 
1828  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana  Legislature;  waa 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State  in  1830 
and  in  1833;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1837  to- 
1840;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  In 
diana,  from  1841  to  1843;  subsequently  wa*$  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney  for  the  State;  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention";  in  1856  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  at  In 
dianapolis,  where  he  died,  September  5,  1859. 

Wallace,  James  M. ;  was  born  in  Dauphin 
County,  Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1821;  it  is  said 
he  always  protested  against  the  initial  M.  in  his 
name,  but  never  got  rid  of  it  in  the  Journals  of  Con 
gress. 

Wallace,  John  W.;  was  born  at  Beaver  Falls, 
Pennsylvania,  December  20,  1818;  received  a  classical 
education;  studied  medicine,  and  graduated  at  Jef 
ferson  Medical  College  in  1846;  located  at  Darling 
ton,  Pennsylvania;  removed  to  Newcastle,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  1850,  and  acquired  an  extensive  practice;, 
was,  several  times,  a  Delegate  to  State  and  National 
Conventions;  in  1860  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Congress; 
was  re-nominated  in  1862,  but  was  defeated;  in  18G& 
was  appointed  Paymaster  in  the  Army,  and  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  in  1870  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from. 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Wallace,  Jonathan  H.;  was  born  in  Colum- 
biana  County,  Ohio,  in  1828;  was  educated  at  Wash' 
ington  College,  Pennsylvania;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  in  1851;  was  elected  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney  of  Columbiana  County;  was  re-elected 
in  1853;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to- 
the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  the  certificate  of  election 
having  been  issued  to  William  McKinley,  Mr.  Wal 
lace  contested  the  election,  and  was  finally  awarded 
his  seat  by  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Wallace,  Lewis;  was  born  at  Brock ville,  In 
diana,  in  1828;  received  a  good  education;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  where  he 
continued,  thereafter,  to  reside;  served  as  a  Lieuten 
ant  in  the  First  Regiment  of  Indiana  Volunteers 
during  the  war  with  Mexico;  after  its  close,  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  served  one  term  as  a 
State  Senator;  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  was 
appointed  Adjutant-General  of  Indiana;  soon  after 
became  Colonel  of  a  Regiment  of  Zouaves,  with 
which  he  engaged  in  active  service;  afterwards  was 
appointed  Colonel  of  the  Eleventh  Regiment  of  In 
diana  Volunteers;  in  September,  1861,  was  commis 
sioned  a  Brigadier-General;  in  March,  1862,  was 
promoted  to  Major-General  for  conspicuous  gallantry 
it  the  capture  of  Fort  Donelson;  was  United  States 
Minister  to  Paraguay;  was  Governor  of  the  Territory 


524 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


of  New  Mexico  from  1878  to  1881;  in  1882  was  ap 
pointed  United  States  Minister  to  Turkey,  serving 
until  1885. 

Wallace,  William  A.;  was  born  at  Clearfield, 
Pennsylvania,  November  28,  1827;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1847;  in  1862  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  and  served,  by  re-elections,  until  1871, 
when  he  was  made  Speaker  of  that  body;  frequently 
served  as  chairman  of  political  conventions;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term  commenc 
ing  in  1875.and  ending  in  1881. 

Wallace,  William  H.;  was  born  in  Miami 
•County,  Ohio,  July  17,  1811;  passed  his  early  life  in 
Indiana;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1837;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  of  Iowa,  and  served  as  Speaker, 
and  also  as  President  of  the  State  Council;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Taylor.  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  at  Fairfield,  Iowa;  removed  to  Washington 
Territory  in  1853;  served  several  sessions  in  the  Ter 
ritorial  Legislature;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by 
President  Lincoln,  Governor  of  Washington  Terri 
tory;  was  elected  a  Delegate  therefrom  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress;  was  appointed  the  first  Governor 
of  Idaho  Territory;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress  as  a  Delegate  from  Idaho;  was  a 
member  of  the  National  Committee  to  accompany 
the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union  Con 
vention"  of  1866. 

Wallace,  W.  J.J  was  born  at  Syracuse,  New 
York,  April  14,  1838;  received  a  classical  education 
by  a  private  tutor;  studied  law;  was  graduated  from 
the  Law  School  of  Hamilton  College,  and  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  July,  1859;  was  Mayor  of  Syracuse  in 
1873  and  1874;  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  Northern  District  of  New  York  in  1874; 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Hamilton 
College  in  1875,  and  from  Syracuse  University  in  1882; 
in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  United  States  Cir 
cuit  Judge  for  the  Second  Judicial  Circuit. 

Waller,  Thomas  M.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1839;  received  an  academic  education;  re 
moved  to  Connecticut;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1861;  engaged  in  practice  at  New 
London,  Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Shite  Legislature  in  1867,  1868,  1872  and  1876;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  during  the  latter  term;  was 
Secretary  of  State  in  1870;  was  State's  Attorney  from 
1876  until  January,  1883,  when  he  resigned  to  enter 
opon  the  duties  of  Governor  of  Connecticut,  to 
which  office  he  had  been  elected  the  previous  Novem 
ber  for  the  term  of  two  years. 

Walley,  Samuel  H.;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  August  31,  1805;  fitted  himself  for  col 
lege  at  Andover  Academy;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1826;  studied  law;  officiated  for  twen 
ty  years  as  Treasurer  of  a  savings  bank  in  Boston  for 
the  benefit  of  the  seamen;  was  also,  for  a  long  time 
Treasurer  of  a  railroad  in  Vermont,  and  one  in  New 
York;  was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  for 
eight  sessions,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  for  two 
years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1853  to 
1855;  on  his  return  from  Washington  was  the  Whig 
Candidate  for  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  but  was  de 
feated;  was  a  Bank  Commissioner  in  1858;  in  1859 
became  President  of  the  Revere  Bank,  of  Boston. 

Walling,  Ansel  T.;  was  born  in  Otsego  County 
New  York,  January  10,  1824;  removed,  with  his  elder 
brother,  to  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  in  1833;  received  an 
academic  education;  learned  the  printing  trade;  re 


moved  to  Ohio  in  1843  and  was  editor  of  the  Mahon- 
ing  Index  and  Coshocton  Democrat,  and,  for  a  time, 
of  the  Keokuk  Daily  Times  in  Iowa;  in  1851  was  ap 
pointed  a  Clerk  in  the  Ohio  Legislature;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1852;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  National 
Democratic  Convention  of  1856  from  Iowa;  in  1863 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Circleville, 
Ohio;  in  1865  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in 
1867  was  elected  to  the  State  Assembly  and  made 
Speaker;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

W^alls,  Josiah  T.;  was  born  in  Winchester,  Vir 
ginia,  December  30,  1842 ;  received  a  good  education ; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  in  1868;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Leg 
islature  in  1868;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by  Silas  L. 
Niblack. 

Wain,  Robert ;  was  a  prominent  merchant  in 
Philadelphia;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1798  to  1801,  first  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  John  Swanwick,  and  was  then  re-elected. 
Died  January  24,  1836,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

Walsh,  Mike  ;  was  born  in  Yanghull,  Ireland; 
came  to  this  country  when  a  child;  spent  his  boyhood 
as  a  wanderer;  conducted  a  paper  in  New  York  called 
the  Subterranean,  in  which  he  published  certain  libels, 
for  which  he  was  imprisoned  two  years;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1853  to 
1855;  subsequently  visited  Europe  and  Mexico;  on 
March  17,  1859,  was  found  dead  in  the  yard  of  a  pub 
lic  house  in  New  York.  The  cause  of  his  death  is 
unknown. 

Walsh,  M.  Robert;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  the  son  of  Robert  Walsh,  the  author;  in  1841 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  legation  to  Brazil,  where 
he  remained  until  1847;  between  1848  and  1850 
acted  in  the  same  capacity,  and  also  as  Charge  d' Af 
faires  to  Costa  Rica;  in  1852  was  instructed  as  a 
Special  Envoy  to  obtain  a  settlement  of  disputes  be 
tween  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua  in  regard  to  the 
boundaries  which  were  obstacles  to  the  commence 
ment  of  the  canal  across  the  latter  country,  after 
which  he  returned  to  the  United  States. 

Walsh,  Thomas  Y.;  was  a  native  of  Maryland; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1851  to  1853. 

Walsh,  William;  was  born  in  Ireland,  May  11, 
1828;  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1842;  was  edu 
cated  chiefly  at  St.  Mary's  College,  in  Maryland; 
studied  law  in  New  York  and  Virginia,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  the  latter  State  in  1850;  settled  for  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Cumberland,  Maryland, 
in  1852;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1860,  and  also 
in  1872;  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  1867;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty -fifth  Congress. 

Walthall,  Ed-ward  Cary ;  was  born  at  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  April  4,  1831;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Holly  Springs,  Mississippi,  in  1838;  re 
ceived  an  academic  education  at  that  place;  in  1849 
left  school,  and  was  employed  as  a  copyist  in  the 
office  of  the  County  Clerk  for  one  year;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852,  and  settled  at 
Coffeyville,  Yalobasha  County,  Mississippi,  in  the 
practice  of  law;  in  1856  was  elected  District  Attorney 
of  the  Tenth  Judicial  District  of  Mississippi;  was  re- 
elected,  without  opposition,  in  1859;  in  April,  1861, 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


525- 


resigned  and  entered  the  Confederate  Army  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  Fifteenth  Mississippi  Regiment 
was  soon  afterwards  elected  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in 
April,  1862,  was  elected  Colonel  of  the  Twenty-ninth 
Mississ  -95  i  Regiment;  in  December,  1862,  was  pro 
moted  a  iiriguctier-General;  in  June,  1864,  was  com 
missioned  a  Major-General;  served  in  the  Army  of 
the  West,  under  Generals  Bragg,  Hood,  and  John 
son;  after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Coffeyville,  Mississippi 
in  1868  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention,  and  was  one  of  its  Vice-Presidents;  in 
1871  removed  to  Grenada,  Mississippi,  where  he 
c<n.inued  the  practice  of  law ;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Mississippi  Delegations  to  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  of  1876,  1880,  and  1884;  in  March,  1885, 
was  appointed  United  States  Senator  from  Missis 
sippi,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  elevation 
of  L.  Q.  C.  Lamar  to  the  post  of  Secretary  of  the 
Interior;  in  January,  1886,  was  elected  to  that  posi 
tion,  by  the  Legislature,  for  the  remainder  of  the  un- 
expired  term,  ending  March  3,  1889. 

Walton,  Charles  W.;  was  born  in  Mexico,  Ox 
ford  County,  Maine,  December  9,  1819;  was  bred  a 
printer;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843;  in  1847  was  elected  Attorney  for  Oxford  Coun 
ty,  which  office  he  held  for  four  years;  removing  to 
Androscoggiu  County,  in  1855,  was  elected  Attorney 
for  that  County  in  1857,  which  office  he  held  until 
I860,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maine  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  in  May, 
186'2,  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress,  and  was  appoint 
ed,  by  the  Governor,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Maine. 

"Walton,  E.  P.;  was  born  in  Montpelier,  Ver 
mont,  February  17,  1812;  studied  law,  but  was  a 
practical  printer  and  editor;  for  several  years  edited 
the  Vermont  Watchman;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  as  a  Representative,  one  term;  was  then  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Expendi 
tures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  and  Thirty- 
seventh  Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims,  and  Chairman  of  that  on  Printing; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Baltimore  Convention" 
of  1864,  and  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866;  after  leaving  Congress,  resumed  the 
editorship  of  his  journal  in  Montpelier,  Vermont. 

Walton,  George ;  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1740; 
served  an  apprenticeship  to  the  carpenter's  trade, 
after  the  expiration  of  which  he  removed  to  Georgia; 
studied  ] aw,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1774; 
was  one  of  the  four  individuals  who  called  a  public 
meeting  at  Savannah  in  1774,  to  concert  measures  for 
the  defense  of  the  country;  was  one  of  the  Commit 
tee  who  prepared  a  petition  to  the  king,  and  drew  up 
the  patriotic  resolutions  adopted  on  that  occasion; 
was  active  in  promoting  the  Revolution  at  home;  in 
1776  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  Georgia,  and  a 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  the 
Articles  of  Confederation;  when  the  enemy  attacked 
Savannah  he  was  dangerously  wounded,  and  taken 
prisoner,  but  was  released  in  1779;  the  same  year  was 
chosen  Governor  of  the  State;  in  1780  was  again  sent 
to  Congress;  in  1783  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  State;  in  1787  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention 
for  framing  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  but 
declined  taking  his  seat;  in  1789  was  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1793  was  again  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  in  1795  was  elected  to  succeed  James  Jackson 
as  a  Senator  in  Congress,  but  was  superseded  by  J. 
Tatnall.  Died  February  2,  1804. 


Walton,  Matthew ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1803  to  1807,  and  a- 
Presidential  Elector  in  1809.  Died  January  18, 
1819. 

Walworth,  Reuben  Hyde;  was  born  at 
Bozrah,  Connecticut,  in  October,  1789;  passed  his 
boyhood  on  a  farm,  and  had  few  advantages  of  edu 
cation;  commenced  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  and  when  twenty  was  admitted  to  prac 
tice  ;  when  twenty -two  was  licensed  as  an  attorney  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York;  settled  at  Platts- 
burg,  New  York,  in  1811;  held,  successively,  the 
offices  of  Master  in  Chancery,  officer  of  militia  dur 
ing  the  siege  of  Plattsburg  in  1814,  and  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  combined  forces,  having  as  such  par 
ticipated  in  the  battles  of  Beekmanstown  and  Pike's. 
Cantonment;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  during  the  Seventeenth  Congress;  declined 
a  re-election;  was  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge  in  1823; 
in  1828  was  made  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  which  office  he  held  for  twenty  years,  when 
the  office  was  abolished;  his  opinions  as  Chancellor 
were  published  in  fourteen  volumes,  while  his  other 
opinions  occupy  as  many  more;  from  Yale  College  he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  Died  in  Saratoga, 
November  28,  1867. 

Ward,  Aaron;  was  born  at  Sing  Sing,  New 
York,  July  5,  1790;  waj  educated  at  Mount  Pleas 
ant  Academy,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law; 
in  1814  served  in  the  regular  army  as  a  Captain;  was, 
for  a  time  after  the  war,  District  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Westchester;  subsequently  attained  the 
position  of  Major-General  of  the  New  York  Militia; 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1825  to 
1829,  from  1831  to  1837,  and  from  1841  to  1843;  in 
1846  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "State  Constitutional 
Convention  " ;  in  1853  visited  Europe,  where  he  spent 
two  years,  and  on  his  return  published  a  book  of 
travels;  while  in  Congress,  and  after  his  retirement, 
he  did  all  in  his  power  to  secure  a  good  education  for 
the  children  of  soldiers.  Died  in  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  March  2,  1867. 

Ward,  Artemas;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1748;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the  County 
of  Worcester;  June  17,  1775,  was  appointed  Major- 
General  of  the  American  Army,  and  was  intrusted 
with  the  command  of  the  right  wing  of  the  troops 

tationed  at  Roxbury  for  the  siege  of  Boston ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  United  States  Congress  from  Massa- 

husetts  from  1791  to  1795;  was  much  esteemed  by 
Washington,  and,  although  he  resigned  his  commis 
sion  in  April,  1776,  at  the  request  of  the  Commander- 

n-Chief  he  continued  some  time  longer  in  the  ser 
vice  ;  was  a  man  of  exemplary  piety  and  incorrupti 
ble  integrity.  After  a  long  and  patient  endurance  of 
many  sufferings,  he  died  at  Shrewsbury,  Massachu 
setts,  October  28,  1800,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

Ward,  Artemas ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
January  9,  1762;  graduated  at  Harvard  University 

n  1783;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice,  and 
soon  became  eminent  in  his  profession;  was  elected  a 

Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1813  to  1817;  in  1821  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 

he  Court  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  State,  which  office 

le  held  for  nineteen  years.  Died  in  Boston,  October 
7,  1847.  He  was  honored  with  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Harvard  University. 


523 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


"Ward,  A.  H.;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  for  the  un- 
expired  term  of  G.  C.  Smith,  resigned,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Mileage  and  the  Militia. 

"Ward,  Elijah ;  was  born  in  Sing  Sing,  New 
York,  September  16,  1816;  received  an  academic  ed 
ucation  ;  was  bred  a  merchant,  chiefly  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  where  he  was  President  of  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association  in  1839;  studied  law  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  New  York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  District  of  Columbia;  in  1860  was  elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  and  in  1862  to  the 
Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Roads  and  Canals  and  on  Commerce;  was,  for 
several  years,  Judge  Advocate-General  of  New  York 
with  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  was  also  elected 
to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

"Ward,  Hamilton  ;  was  born  at  Salisbury,  Her- 
kimer  County,  New  York,  July  3,  1829;  received  a 
liberal  education;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar 
at  Cooperstown  in  1851,  settling  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Belmont,  Allegany  County;  in 
1856  was  elected  District  Attorney  for  that  County, 
holding  the  office  three  years,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1862;  during  that  year,  under  an  appointment  of  the 
Governor,  was  active  in  raising  and  organizing  State 
troops;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Claims  and  on  Accounts;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first  Congresses, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Assassination  of 
President  Lincoln,  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the 
"State  Republican  Convention"  of  1867. 

"Ward,  Henry;  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
Rhode  Island  in  1760;  was  a  supporter  of  the  Revo 
lution  ;  a  member  of  the  Congress  which  met  in  New 
York  in  1765;  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of 
Correspondence  during  the  Revolution;  held  the 
office  of  Secretary  from  his  appointment  until  his 
death:  the  same  position  was  held  by  the  father  and 
two  of  his  sons  for  seventv  years.  Died  in  Decem 
ber,  1797. 

"Ward,  James  H.;  was  born  at  Chicago,  Illinois' 
November  30,  1853;  received  his  early  education  at 
the  public  schools  in  Chicago,  and  afterwards  attend 
ed  the  University  of  Notre  Dame,  Indiana,  graduat- 
jng  in  1873;  attended  the  Union  College  of  Law,  at 
Chicago,  graduating  in  1876;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  July,  1876,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Chicago;  was  elected  Supervisor  of  the  town  of 
vVest  Chicago  in  1879;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1884;  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

"Ward,  Jasper  D.;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-third  Congress;  five  days 
after  its  adjournment  was  appointed  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  Illinois,  March 
9,  1875. 

Ward,  John  E.;  was  a  citizen  of  Georgia;  in 
L8o8  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
'Jhina,  where  he  remained  until  I860. 

"Ward,  Jonathan;  was  a  native  of  New  York- 
was  a  State  Senator  from  Westchester  County  from' 
1807  to  1810;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1817. 


Ward,  Marcus  L.;  was  born  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  November  9,  1812;  received  a  good  education; 
engaged  in  manufacturing  pursuits;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  Republican  Convention  at  Chicago  in  1860, 
and  to  the  Baltimore  Convention  in  1864;  was  an 
Elector  on  the  Lincoln  and  Johnson  ticket;  was 
elected  Governor  of  New  Jersey,  in  1865,  for  the 
term  of  three  years;  was  a  member  of  the  National 
Republican  Committee,  and  its  Chairman;  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Affairs;  in  December,  1875,  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  but  decline 
the  office.  Died  April  25,  1884. 

Ward,  Matthias ;  was  born  in  Elbert  County, 
Georgia;  removed,  in  childhood,  to  Madison  County. 
Alabama;  received  an  academic  education;  was  i» 
school-teacher  for  two  years;  studied  law;  became  ;i 
citizen  of  the  Republic  of  Texas  in  1836;  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  Congress  of  that  Republic, 
and  when  it  became  a  State  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  as  a  Senator;  was  a  member  of  the  Conventions 
which  nominated  Mr.  Pierce  and  Mr.  Buchanan  foi 
the  office  of  President;  in  1856  was  chosen  President 
of  the  State  Democratic  Convention  held  at  Austin ; 
in  1858  was  appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  1'rom 
Texas  for  the  term  ending  in  1863.  Died  at  Raleigh, 
North  Carolina,  October  13,  1861. 

Ward,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  May  27,  1725;  was  reared  a  farmer;  settled 
in  Westerly,  Rhode  Island;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  from  1756  to  1759;  was  Chief  Jus 
tice  in  1761;  was  Governor  in  1762,  and  from  1765  to 
1767;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Rhode  Island  Col 
lege,  now  known  as  Brown  University;  was  an  active 
patriot;  was  Chairman  of  the  Westerly  Committee 
of  Correspondence;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1774  to  1776,  in  which  he  usually  pre 
sided  when  in  Committee  of  the  Whole,  and  was  a 
member  of  important  Committees.  Died  in  Phila 
delphia,  March  25,  1776,  while  attending  a  session  of 
Congress. 

Ward,  Thomas ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  Jersey  from  1813  to  1817.  Died  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  February  4,  1842,  aged  eighty- 
three. 

Ward,  Thomas  B.;  was  born  at  Marysville, 
Union  County,  Ohio,  April  27,  1835;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Lafayette,  Indiana,  in  1836;  was  grad 
uated  at  Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio,  in  1855; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857; 
was  twice  elected  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Lafayette, 
serving  from  1861  to  1865;  served  six  years  as  City 
Attorney;  in  1875  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor, 
to  the  then  newly-created  office  of  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  Tippecanoe  County;  in  1876  was 
elected  to  that  position,  and  served  four  years;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Ward,  "William;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  January  1,  1837;  was  educated  at 
Girard  College,  in  that  city;  became  a  printer;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859  and  commenced 
practice;  was  a  member  of  the  City  Council  of  Ches 
ter,  Pennsylvania;  City  Solicitor;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-Iifth 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Ward,  William  T.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
i851  to  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


527 


"Wardell,  Daniel;  was  born  at  Bristol,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1791;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1811;  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Rome,  Now  York, 
where  he  studied,  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar; 
was  four  times  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  his 
adopted  State;  was,  for  several  years,  Judge  of  a 
County  Court;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1831  to  1837,  serving  as  Chairman  o( 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

Ware,  Ashur ;  was  born  in  Shelburne.  Massa 
chusetts,  February  10,  1782:  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1804;  was  a  tutor  in  that  institution 
from  1807  to  1811;  was  professor  of  Greek  from  1811 
to  1815;  was  an  A ttorney-at-law  in  Boston  in  181G, 
and  editor  of  the  Boston  Yankee ;  removed  to  Port 
land  in  1817,  and  was  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Maine  from  1822  to  1836;  was  first 
Secretary  of  State  for  Maine  in  1820;  published  Re 
ports  of  Cases  in  the  United  States  District  Court  of 
Maine,  from  1822  to  1839;  also  wrote  several  legal 
essays  and  orations;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  Bowdoin  College  in  1837. 

Ware,  Nicholas;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Georgia  from  1821  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  New  York  City,  September  7, 
1824. 

Warfield,  Henry  R.;  was  born  in  Anne  Arundel 
County,  Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1819  to  1H£5;  on  the  morn 
ing  of  March  18,  1839.  was  found  dead  in  his  bed  at 
Frederick,  Maryland. 

Warmouth,  Henry  C.;  was  Governor  of  Louis 
iana  from  1868  to  1872. 

Warner,  A.  J.;  was  born  in  Erie  County.  New 
York,  January  13,  1834;  was  educated  at  Beloit, 
Wisconsin,  and  at  New  York  Central  College,  New 
York;  was  Principal  of  the  Lewiston  Academy,  and 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools  of  Minim  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Principal  of  Mercer  Union  Schools, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1856  to  1861;  in  the  latter  year 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  Captain,  and  served 
throughout  the  war,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel 
and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  in 
1865,  but  never  practiced;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress ;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Forty  eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Warner,  Hiram ;  was  born  in  Hampshire  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  October  29.  1802;  received  a  good 
Common  school  education,  with  some  knowledge  of 
the  classics;  emigrated  to  Georgia  at  the  age  of  seven 
teen,  and  there  taught  school  for  three  years;  with 
his  earnings  was  enabled  to  study  the  profession  of 
the  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1825,  and  opened 
an  office  at  Knoxville,  in  Crawford  County;  from 
1828  to  1831  was  a  Representative  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and  declined  a  re-election;  in  1833  was 
elected,  by  the  Legislature,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Superior  Courts  of  the  State,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1836,  holding  the  office  until  1840;  from  that  time 
until  1845  was  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice;  in 
that  year  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
State  Supreme  Court,  serving  for  eight  years,  and 
then  resigned;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  declined  a  re-election 
in  1857. 

Warner,  Levi ;  was  born  at  Wethersfield,  Con 
necticut,  October  10,  1831;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  law  at  the  Yale  Law  School,  and 


at  the  Dane  Law  School,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859.  and  began  practice 
in  Fairfield  County,  Connecticut;  never  held  any 
public  office  until  elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  election  of  W. 
H.  Barnum  to  the  United  States  Senate;  was  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Warner,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Tennessee  in 
1835;  received  a  good  education;  graduated  at  the 
Lebanon  Law  School,  Tennessee;  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  at  Lewisburg,  Tennessee,  in  1858; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  1870;  was  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1878;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-seventh  and 
Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Warner,  Samuel  L.;  was  born  in  W'eathers- 
tield,  Connecticut,  in  1829;  received  an  academic 
education,  and  settled  in  Middletown:  prepared  him 
self  for  the  legal  profession  by  a  cours  •  of  study  at  the 
Yale  and  Harvard  Law  Schools,  coming  to  the  bar  in 
1853;  in  the  latter  part  of  that  year  was  appointed 
Executive  Secretary  of  State;  in  1857  was  a  member 
of  the  Connecticut  Legislature;  in  1861  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Middletown,  and  was  re-elected  until  1865, 
when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Connec 
ticut  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congr^s,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditure,  and  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Navy  Department;  prior  to  1861  was 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  was  a  Del 
egate  to  and  a  Secretary  of  the  "Baltimore  Conven 
tion"  of  1860;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadel 
phia  "  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Warner  Willard  ;  was  born  in  Granville,  Ohio, 
September  4,  1826;  graduated  at  Marietta  College  in 
1845;  entered  the  Volunteer  army  in  1861  as  a  Major: 
served  on  the  Staff  of  General  Sherman  during  the 
Atlanta  Campaign;  in  1864  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
the  One  Hundred  and  Eightieth  Ohio  Volunteers; 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major-General  by  brevet, 
for  "gallant  and  meritorious  services";  was  mustered 
out  of  service  in  1865;  subsequently  served  two  years 
in  the  Ohio  Senate;  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Alabama  for  the  term  ending  in  1671,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Finance  and  Public  Lands. 

Warner,  William;  was  born  in  1841;  was 
reared  in  Wisconsin;  was  educated  at  Lawrence  Uni 
versity,  Wisconsin,  and  Michigan  University;  studied 
law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law;  served  three  and  a  half  years  in  the 
Union  Army,  in  the  Thirty-third  and  Forty-fourth 
Wisconsin  Infantry,  during  the  Civil  War;  after  the 
close  of  the  war  settled  at  Kansas  City.  Missouri,  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  April,  1867,  was 
elected  City  Attorney  of  Kansas  City;  in  November. 
1868,  was  elected  Circuit  Attorney;  was  Mayor  o!' 
Kansas  City,  Missouri,  in  1871;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1872;  was  appointed  United  States  Attor 
ney  for  the  Western  District  of  Missouri  in  1882;  in 
1885  received  the  votes  of  the  Republican  members  of 
the  Missouri  Legislature  for  United  States  Senator; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Missouri  to  the 
Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Warren,  Cornelius  ;  was  born  in  Putnam  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1790;  was  a  member  of  Congres - 
from  New  York  from  1847  until  his  death.  Died  a; 
Cold  Spring,  July  28,  1849. 

Warren,  Edward  A.;  was  born  in  Greene 
County,  Alabama,  May  2,  1818;  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  studied  law;  served  in  the  Mississippi 
Legislature  in  1845  and  1846;  was  a  Representative 


628 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


in  the  Legislature  of  Arkansas  in  1848  and  1849,  and 
was  Speaker  of  the  Rouse;  in  1850  was  elected  State's 
Attorney  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Arkansas; 
was  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty -fifth 
Congress;  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  the 
Militia,  and  Railroads  and  Canals.  Died  in  Nevada, 
Arkansas,  July  2,  1875. 

"Warren,  Fitz  Henry;  was  a  citizen  of  Iowa; 
was  well  educated,  and  paid  some  attention  to  poli 
tics;  in  1851  was  appointed  Second  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  in  which  office  he  remained  about 
one  year;  was  frequently  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1865  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  Guatemala, 
where  he  remained  until  1869,  after  which  he  re 
turned  to  the  United  States,  and  resumed  his  interest 
in  politics. 

Warren,  Francis  E.;  was  born  at  Hinsdale, 
Massachusetts,  June  20,  1844;  was  reared  on  a  farm; 
received  a  common  school  and  academic  education; 
served  in  the  Forty-ninth  Regiment,  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  until  his 
term  of  enlistment  expired,  in  1863;  in  1864  was  ap 
pointed,  by  the  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  Captain 
of  Militia;  early  in  1868  removed  to  Des  Moines, 
Iowa;  in  the  same  year  removed  to  Cheyenne, 
Wyoming  Territory;  was  engaged  in  various  pursuits, 
among  them  those  of  merchant,  stockraiser,  and 
banker,  and  was  very  successful ;  was  twice  elected  a 
member  of  the  City  Council;  served  one  term  as 
Mayor  of  the  city;  was  a  member  of  the  higher 
branch  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  for  two  terms, 
serving  one  term  as  its  presiding  officer;  served  three 
terms  as  Treasurer  of  the  Territory;  was  Chairman  of 
the  Republican  Central  Committee  of  the  Territory ; 
was  unanimously  nominated  for  Delegate  to  Congress, 
but  business  engagements  compelled  him  to  decline ; 
in  February,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Arthur,  Governor  of  Wyoming  Territory. 

Warren,  Joseph  M.;  was  born  in  Troy,  New 
York,  in  1813;  graduated  at  Washington  College, 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1834;  was  a  manufacturer 
and  merchant;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Troy  in  1852; 
was  elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Patents. 

Warren,  Lott;  was  born  in  Burke  County 
Georgia,  October  30,  1797;  commenced  life  as  clerk  in 
a  store;  served  in  the  Seminole  War  as  a  Second  Lieu 
tenant  of  Militia  in  1818 ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1821;  in  1823  was  elected  a 
Major  of  Battalion;  in  1824  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1825  was  appointed  Solicitor-General 
to  lill  a  vacancy;  in  1830  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1831  was  again  elected  to  the  lower  house 
of  the  Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1839  to  1843;  was  subsequently  devoted  to  the 
profession  of  law. 

Warren,  W.  W.;  was  born  at  Brighton,  Massa 
chusetts,  February  27,  1834;  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  1854;  studied  three  years  in  the  Law 
School,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1857;  suc 
ceeded  his  father  as  Town  Clerk  in  1856,  and  held 
the  omce  ten  years,  when  he  resigned;  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue, 
and  held  the  office  four  months;  in  1870  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate ;  received  several  nominations 
to  important  offices,  but  declined;  was  an  active 
mover  in  city  improvements,  and  was  instrumental 
in  the  formation  of  the  abattoir  in  Boston;  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress 


Washburn,  Cadwalader  C.;  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Livermore,  Maine,  April  22,  1818;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty -fourth  and  Thirty -fifth  Congresses;  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Private  Land  Claims 
and  Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Congress,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Special  Committee  of  Thirty- 
three;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress  " 
of  1861;  in  November,  1862,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  a  Major-General  in  the  Union  Army; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Soldiers'  Convention"  held 
in  Pittsburgh  in  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
and  Forty-first  Congresses,  and  was  placed  on  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  Expenditures  on  the 
Public  Buildings,  and  Appropriations.  Died  May 
14,  1882. 

Washburn,  Charles  A.;  was  a  citizen  of  Cali 
fornia;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to 
Paraguay;  became  Minister  Resident  to  Paraguay  in 
1863;  returned  to  the  United  States  in  1868. 

Washburn,  Emory ;  was  born  at  Leicester, 
Massachusetts,  February  14,  1800;  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College  in  1817;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1 821 ;  practiced  in  Leicester  from 
1821  to  1828,  and  at  Worcester  from  1828  to  1856; 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Court  from  1825  to 
1827,  and  in  1838;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  from  1844  to  1847 ;  was  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts  in  1854  and  1855;  became  a  Professor  of  the 
Cambridge  Law  School  in  1855,  and  so  continued  for 
many  years;  published  two  local  histories  of  Leices 
ter,  including  events  of  the  Revolution;  "Sketches 
of  the  Judicial  History  of  Massachusetts,"  and  his 
most  important  work  was  "A  Treatise  on  the  Ameri 
can  Law  of  Real  Property  ";  also  published  several 
addresses  and  legal  papers;  was  a  member  of  the 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Antiquity  Society 
of  Worcester,  the  New  England  Historical  and  Gen 
ealogical  Society,  and  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Harvard 
University  and  Williams  College  in  1854. 

Washburn,  Henry  D.;  was  born  in  Windsor 
County,  Vermont,  March  28,  1832;  during  that  year 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Ohio;  was  early  ap 
prenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  tanner,  but  not  liking  the 
business,  became  a  school  teacher,  which  occupation 
he  followed  until  his  twentieth  year;  studied  law, 
and  graduated  at  the  New  York  State  and  National 
Law  School  in  1853;  subsequently  settled  in  Indiana; 
in  1854  was  appointed  Auditor  of  Vermillion  County, 
Indiana;  was  elected  to  the  same  position  in  1856, 
serving  as  such  until  1861;  in  July  of  that  year 
raised  a  company  for  service  in  the  war;  was  pro 
moted  to  the  command  as  Colonel  of  the  Eighteenth 
Indiana  Volunteers  in  1862;  in  1864  was  bre vetted  a 
Brigadier-General;  was  mustered  out  of  the  service 
in  1865;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  successfully  contesting 
the  seat  claimed  by  D.  W.  Voorhees,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Claims  and  Southern  Railroads;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Pittsburgh  "Soldiers'  Convention" 
of  1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Retrenchment,  Mili 
tary  Affairs,  the  Niagara  Ship  Canal,  and  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Boun 
ties;  in  April,  1869,  was  appointed  Surveyor-General 
of  Montana. 

Washburn,  Israel,  Jr.;  was  born  at  Livermore, 
County  of  Oxford,  (now  Androscoggin),  Maine,  June* 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


529 


6,1813;  received  a  classical  education;  studied  law; 
in  October,  1834,  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  at  Orono,  Penobscot 
County,  Maine,  December,  1834;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  in  1842;  was  elected  to  the  Federal 
House  of  Representatives  from  Maine  for  the  Thirty- 
second,  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-fifth  and 
Thirty-sixth  Congresses,  serving  in  the  latter  Con 
gress  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means;  in  18GO  was  elected  Governor  of  Maine;  in 
1863  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Collector 
of  the  Port  of  Portland,  Maine.  Died  at  Philadel 
phia,  Pennsylvania,  May  12,  1883. 

Washburn,  Peter  Thacher ;  was  born  in  Lynn , 
Massachusetts,  September  7,  1814;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1835;  studied  at  the  Cambridge 
Law  School;  practiced  law  at  Ludlow,  Vermont, 
from  18.59  to  1854;  afterward  settled  at  Woodstock; 
was  Reporter  of  the  Vermont  Supreme  Court  for 
eight  years;  was  Adjutant  and  Inspector-General  for 
Vermont  from  1861  to  1866;  was  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1869  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Feb 
ruary  7, 1870;  was  the  author  of  many  legal  reports 
and  digests. 

Washburn,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Winch- 
endon,  Massachusetts,  January  31,  1820;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1844;  engaged  in  the  manufactur 
ing  business;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1850,  and  of  the  lower  house  in  1854;  was  subse 
quently  President  of  the  Greenfield  Bank;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Massachusetts  to  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Inva 
lid  Pensions,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Claims  and  Revolutionary  Pensions;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  .to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress;  continued  to  serve  in  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  until  1872,  when  he  resigned;  was  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  in  1872  and  1873;  resigned,  and  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term 
of  Charles  Sumner,  and  continued  in  the  Senate  un 
til  1875,  serving  on  important  Committees. 

"Washburn,  William  Drew ;  was  born  in  Liv- 
ermore,  Maine,  January  14,  1831;  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  attending  school  in  winter;  graduated  at  Bow- 
doin  College  in  1854;  studied  law;  in  1857  removed 
to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota;  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  and  in  other  pursuits;  was  Surveyor-General 
of  Minnesota  from  1861  to  1865,  residing  at  St.  Paul; 
returned  to  Minneapolis  and  became  largely  engaged 
in  manufacturing;  was  President  of  the  Minneapo 
lis  and  Saint  Louis  Railway  Company;  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  in  1858,  and  again  in  1871;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  For 
ty-sixth,  Forty -seventh,  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses. 

Washburne,  Elihu  B. ;  was  born  at  Livermore, 
Oxford  County,  Maine,  September  23,  1816;  served 
an  apprenticeship  in  the  printing  office  of  the  Ken- 
ncbec  Journal;  studied  law  at  Harvard  University, 
and.  removing  to  the  West,  practiced  at  Galena, 
Illinois;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  from  that  State,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth,  Thirty-Fifth,  and  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gresses,  serving,  during  two  Congresses,  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  was  also  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  again  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce;  was  again 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving 
again  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce, 
as  a  member  of  the  Joint  C  mmiittee  on  the  Library, 
and  also  as  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on 

34 


Immigration;  on  account  of  having  served  continu 
ously  for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  member  of 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  usage  awarded  him  the 
title  of  ''Father  of  the  House";  was  the  author 
among  many  others,  of  the  bill  reviving  the  office  of 
Lieutenant-General,  which  was  conferred  upon  Gen 
eral  Grant;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  again  serving  at  the  head  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce,  as  Chairman  of  the  Special  Committee  on 
the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Rules,  Reconstruction,  Air-line 
Railroad  to  New  York,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Special  Committee  to  Investigate  the  Memphis  Riots; 
two  of  his  brothers  also  served  in  Congress,  namely, 
Israel  Jr.,  and  Cadwalader  C.  Washburn,  who  wrote 
their  names  without  the  e;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress;  in  March,  1869,  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Grant, 
but  resigned,  after  one  week  of  service,  to  accept  the 
post  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France,  continu 
ing  in  that  position  until  1877;  during  the  Franco- 
German  war  gained  the  fervent  regard  of  the  Ger 
man  people  by  extending  protection  to  Germans  in 
Paris. 

Washington,  Bushrod ;  was  born  in  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia,  June  5,  1762;  graduated 
at  William  and  Mary  College  in  1778;  studied  law, 
and  was  successful  in  the  profession;  served  as  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolution ;  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  House  of  Delegates;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  ratify  the  Federal  Constitution;  resided 
both  in  Alexandria  and  Richmond;  was  the  first 
President  of  the  Colonization  Society;  in  1798  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  published  two 
volumes  of  Reports  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  four  volumes  of  Reports  of  the  Third 
Circuit  of  the  United  States  Court;  was  a  favorite 
with  his  uncle  the  first  President;  was  a  devisee 
of  Mount  Vernon,  and  a  man  of  ability  and  high 
character.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  November  26, 
1829. 

Washington,  George ;  was  born  at  Bridge's 
Creek,  Westmoreland  County,  Virginia,  February 
22,  1732;  was  descended  from  a  family  distinguished 
for  its  respectability  and  virtue;  at  the  age  often 
years  lost  his  father;  was  educated  in  English  litera 
ture  and  the  general  principles  of  science  by  a  private 
tutor;  adopted  the  profession  of  a  surveyor;  when 
nineteen  years  of  age  was  appointed  an  Adjutant, 
with  the  rank  of  Major;  in  1~53  was  employed  by 
Dinwiddie  on  a  mission  to  the  French  Army  in  the 
Valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  made  treaties  with  the  In 
dians;  served  as  an  Aid-de-camp  under  Braddock, 
and.  on  the  fall  of  that  General,  displayed  great 
ability  in  saving  the  army;  in  1758  performed  an  ex- 
!  pedition  to  Fort  dn  Quesne,  after  which,  with  the 
!  rank  of  Colonel,  he  retired  to  the  paternal  estate  of 
:  Mount  Vernon  and  devoted  himself  to  agriculture, 
cultivating  nine  thousand  acres  of  land;  employed 
about  a  thousand  persons,  slaves  and  others,  on  his 
estate,  whom  he  clothed  with  cloths  made  under  his 
own  superintendence;  it  is  said  that  seven  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  and  ten  thousand  bushels  of  corn 
was  not  an  unusual  crop  for  him  to  raise  on  his 
plantation;  frequently  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
Virginia;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  1774  and  the  early  part  of  1775;  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution  was  called  to  the 
chief  command  of  the  Provincial  troops,  and  the 
record  of  his  services  is  a  history  of  the  war;  joined 
the  army  at  Cambridge  in  July,  1775 ;  in  1776  fought 
the  battles  of  Long  Island,  White  Plains,  Trenton, 
and  Princeton;  in  1777  those  of  Brandy  wine  and 


530 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Germantown;  in  1778  that  of  Monmouth;  in  1781 
captured  Cormvallis  at  Yorktown,  and  thereby  vir 
tually  closed  the  war;  when  the  treaty  of  peace  was 
signed,  resigned  his  commission,  and,  universally  be 
loved,  retired  to  private  life;    was  elected  the  first 
President  of  the   United  States,  and,  after   having 
been  re-elected  and   serving  out   his  second  term, 
again  retired  to  private  life;  in  1793  was  induced 
again  to  accept  the  command  of  the  army,  but  it  was 
merely  to  concentrate  the  efforts  o£his  fellow-citizens 
for  the  promotion  of  the  general  good,  and  was  an 
other  sacrifice  to  his  high  sense  of  duty.     Died  at 
Mount  Vernon,  after  a  short  illness,  of  quinsy  sore 
throat,  December  14,  179!);  was  buried  at  that  place 
•with  the  honors  due  to  the  noble  champion  of  the 
liberties  of  a  happy  and  prosperous  Republic.      The 
character  of  Washington  stands   alone  among   the 
great  men  of  the  world,  as  a  pure  man,  a  patriot,  a 
wise  statesman,  a  citizen,  a  ruler,  a  husbandman,  a 
General,  and  a  Christian.     His  life  has  been  written 
and  commented  upon  by  hundreds  of  writers,  and 
perhaps  the  most  popular  biographies  of  him  were 
published    by  John   Marshall,    Washington   Irving, 
David  Ramsay,  and  Aar^n  Bancroft;  a  copious  selec 
tion    from  his   manuscripts    was   edited   by   Jared 
Sparks,  and  published  in  twelve  volumes.     His  home 
at  Mount  Verno:i  is,  to  lovers  of  liberty  and  true 
greatness,  a  kind  of  Mecca,  and,  as  the  "Father  of 
his  Country,"  his  memory  will  be  venerated  as  long 
as  the  Republic  endures. 

"Washington,  George  C.;  was  born  in  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia,  August  20,  1789;  was 
educated  at  Cambridge;  became  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion,  though  partial  to  the  pursuit  of  agriculture; 
represented  Maryland  in  Congress  from  1827  to  1833, 
and  from  1835  to  1837;  was  also  a  President  of  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and  a  Commissioner  for 
the  settlement  of  Indian  Claims;  when  General  Scott 
•was  nominated  for  the  Presidency,  Mr.  Washington 
•was  spoken  of  as  the  candidate  for  Vice-President;at 
the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  the  oldest  and  nearest 
surviving  male  relative  of  his  grand-uncle,  General 
Washington. 

Washington,  Peter  GK;  was  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia;  early  became  a  clerk  in  one  of  the  Depart 
ments  of  the  Government;  in  1845  was  appointed 
Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  remaining  in  that  po 
sition  until  1849;  in  1853  was  appointed  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  Department,  remaining  in 
that  capacity  until  1857,  after  which  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  prosecution  of  claims  in  Washington 
City  until  his  death. 

"Washington,  "William  H.;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1834;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1841  to  1843;  subsequently  served  five  or 
six  years  in  the  State  Legislature.  Died  August  12, 
1860,  aged  forty-six  years. 

"Watkins,  Albert  O-.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Tennessee,  May  5,  1818;  was  educated  at 
Holston  College,  Tennessee;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  his 
u.vtive  county  in  184.");  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1648;  was  first  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  181!),  and  served  by  successive  re-elections  until 
185!),  except  during  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  when 
ho  declined  the  nomination;  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures,  and  on  the  Militia. 

"Watkins,  Tobias;  was  born  in  Maryland;  in 
1825  was  appointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 
which  office  he  held  until  1830. 


Watmough,  John  GK;  was  born  on  the  banks 
of  the  Brandy  wine,  Delaware,  December  6,  1793;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  at 
Princeton  College;  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  Second  Artillery,  and,  while  doing 
service  on  the  frontiers,  in  1813  and  1814,  was  wound 
ed  by  receiving  in  his  body  three  musket-balls,  the 
last  of  which  was  extracted  in  1835;  was  Aid-de-camp 
to  General  Gaines,  at  New  Orleans,  and  in  the  Creek 
Nation  in  1814  and  1815;  resigned  his  commission  in 
1816;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania  in  1831,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
during  the  whole  of  which  period  his  wounds  were 
open  and  constantly  giving  him  pain;  was  High 
Sheriff  of  Philadelphia  City  and  County  in  1835;  was 
Surveyor  of  that  port  in  1841 ;  during  the  latter  part 
of  his  life  he  lived  in  retirement.  Died  in  Philadel 
phia,  November  29,  1861. 

Watrous,  John  O.;  was  born  in  Colchester, 
Connecticut,  in  1803;  graduated  at  Union  College  in 
1823;  studied  law,  and  practiced,  for  a  time,  in  Ten 
nessee  and  Alabama;  removed  to  Texas  in  1842;  was 
Attorney-General  of  the  Republic  of  Texas;  when  it 
became  a  State  was  made  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Eastern  District  of  the  State,  serving, 
as  such,  until  1869,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of 
his  health;  an  effort  was  made  by  his  enemies  to 
have  him  impeached,  but  it  was  unsuccessful;  subse 
quently  settled  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  where  he 
died  June  17,  1874. 

Watson,  Cooper  K.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a 

Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1855 
to  1857. 

Watson,  James ;  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York  during  the  years  1791,  1794,  1795, 
and  1796;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1797;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1798  to  1800,  when 
he  resigned. 

Watson,  Lewis  F.;  was  born  in  Crawford  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  April  14,  1819;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  and 
was  very  successful;  was  elected  President  of  the 
Warren  Savings  Bank  in  1870;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fifth  and 
Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Watson,  P.  H. ;  was  born  in  England ;  was  appoint 
ed,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  Assistant-Secre 
tary  of  War  in  1862,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for 
more  than  one  year. 

Watterson,  Harvey  M.;  was  born  in  Bedford 
County,  Tennessee,  November  23,  1811;  was  educated 
at  Cumberland  College,  Princeton,  Kentucky;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  his  native  county  to  the 
Tennessee  Legislature  in  1835;  resided  in  the  Con 
gressional  District  of  James  K.  Polk,  and,  in  1839, 
when  Mr.  Polk  became  a  candidate  for  Governor  was 
elected  as  his  successor  in  Congress;  was  re-elected  in 
1841,  and  served  until  the  4th  of  March,  1813;  then 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  re-election,  and  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Tyler,  United  States  Minister 
to  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  unsolicited  recommendation 
of  General  Jackson;  on  his  return  from  this  mission, 
in  March,  184"»,  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
Tennessee,  and  when  the  Legislature  met  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Senate;  was  not  again  a  candidate 
for  any  office  for  sixteen  years;  in  1849  bought  the 
Nashville  Union,  the  leading  organ  of  the  Democratic 
party  of  Tennessee,  and  edited  it  for  two  years;  in 
1853  and  1854  was  associated  with  the  Hon.  A.  O.  P. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


531 


Nicholson  in  the  editorship  of  the  Washington  Union; 
in  1800  was  a  member  of  the  Democratic  National 
Convention,  and  voted  for  the  nomination  of  Stephen 
A.  Douglass;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  for  the  State 
at  Large,  on  the  Douglass  ticket;  in  1861  was  elected 
to  the  State  Convention  as  a  Union  man ;  later  be 
came  connected  with  his  son,  Hon.  Henry  Watterson. 
in  the  conduct  of  the  Louisville  (Kentucky)  Courier- 
Journal,  and  continued  an  active  member  of  the  edi 
torial  staff  of  that  paper. 

Watterson,  Henry;  son  of  Harvey  M.  Wat 
terson;  was  born  at  Washington,  District  of  Co 
lumbia,  February  16,  1810;  was  chiefly  educated 
by  private  tutors;  adopted  the  profession  of  jour 
nalism;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army;  at  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War  settled  in  Nashville,  Tennes 
see,  and  revived  The  Republican  Banner  newspaper, 
which  he  had  edited  prior  to  the  war;  in  1867  re 
moved  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  became  part 
owner  and  the  editor  of  the  Louisville,  fournal;  consoli 
dated  with  other  papers,  in  1808,  under  the  title  of 
the  Courier-Journal,  of  which  he  became  the  editor; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by 
the  death  of  Edward  Y.  Parsons. 

Watterston,  George ;  was  one  of  the  earliest 
citizens  of  Washington  City;  was  a  man  of  culture 
and  uncommon  intelligence;  was  Librarian  of  Con 
gress  from  1825  to  1829;  between  the  years  1817  and 
1848  published  "Memoir  on  the  Tobacco  Plant." 
''Letters  from  Washington,"  "Course  of  Study  for 
liar  aud  Senate,"  "Wanderer  in  Washington," 
"Man  as  he  Ought  to  be,"  "Views  of  Population," 
''American  Portraits,"  and  "Guide  to  Washing 
ton." 

"Watts,  Beaufort  T.;  was  a  citizen  of  South 
Carolina;  in  1824  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Legation 
to  Colombia;  in  1827  became  Charge  d1  Affaires  at  the 
same  place;  in  1818  went  to  Russia  as  Secretary  of 
Legation. 

"Watts,  Frederick;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  May  9,  1801;  graduated  at  Dickinson  Col 
lege  in  1819;  passed  a  part  of  his  boyhood  on  a  farm; 
studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1824;  in  1831 
was  appointed  Reporter  for  the  Supreme  Court,  hold 
ing  the  office  fourteen  years,  and  publishing  twenty 
volumes;  in  1845  was  elected  President  of  the  Cum 
berland  Valley  Railroad,  and  held  the  position 
twenty -six  years;  in  1849  was  appointed  President 
Judge  of  the  Ninth  District;  in  1854  was  one  of  the 
projectors  of  the  Agricultural  College  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  chosen  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees; 
took  an  interest  in  all  the  local  enterprises  of  Car 
lisle;  after  retiring  to  private  life  he  was,  in  1871, 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  in  Washing 
ton. 

"Watts,  Henry  M.;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  October  10,  1805;  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1827, 
locating  in  Pittsburgh;  was  appointed  Deputy  Attor 
ney-General;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis- 
aature  from  1835  to  1838;  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
and  was  appointed  United  States  Attorney  for  the 
District  of  Philadelphia;  visited  Europe  a  number  of 
times  for  pleasure;  in  1868  was  appointed  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Aus 
tria. 

Watts,  John;  was  born  In  New  York  in  1749; 
was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1793  to  1795.  Died 
in  New  York  City,  September  3,  1836. 


Watts,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Boone  County, 
Kentucky,  January  19,  1816;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Indiana;  studied  law,  and  practiced  the 
profession  in  Indiana;  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State;  was  twice  elected  a  Prosecuting  Attorney; 
in  1851  he  was  appointed,  by  President  Fillmore,  an 
Associate  Justice  in  New  Mexico;  subsequently  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  that  Territory;  was  elected  a 
Delegate  from  New  Mexico  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress ;  took  an  active  part  in  raising  troops  for  the 
Union  Army  during  the  Rebellion;  in  1868  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Mexico. 

Watts,  Thomas  H.;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1863  to  1868. 

Wayne,  Anthony ;  was  born  in  East  Town, 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1746;  in  1773  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  General  Assembly, 
where  he  took  an  active  part  against  the  claims  of 
Great  Britain;  in  1775  entered  the  army  as  Colonel, 
and  in  the  battle  at  the  Three  Rivers,  in  June,  1776, 
received  a  wound  in  the  leg;  at  the  close  of  the  cam 
paign  was  made  a  Brigadier-General;  in  the  battles 
of  Brandywine,  Germantown,  and  Monmonth,  and 
especially  at  Stony  Point,  greatly  distinguished  him 
self,  in  the  latter  assault  receiving  a  severe  wound  in 
the  head;  in  1781  led  the  Pennsylvania  line  to  form 
a  junction  with  Lafayette  in  Virginia,  and  engaged 
in  the  capture  of  Cornwall!*,  after  which  he  conduct 
ed  the  war  in  Georgia  with  equal  success,  receiving 
from  the  Legislature  of  that  State,  as  a  reward  for 
his  services,  a  valuable  farm,  upon  which  he  retired 
after  the  war;  in  1787  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  for  framing  the  Constitution;  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Georgia  in  1791;  his  seat 
was  successfully  contested  by  James  Jackson,  and 
was  vacated  by  a  resolution  of  the  House;  in  1792  was 
again  called  into  military  service,  and  succeeded  St. 
Glair  in  the  command  of  the  army  against  the  In 
dians,  gaining  a  complete  victory  over  them  in  1794, 
at  the  battle  of  the  Miami;  concluded  a  treaty, 
August  3,  1795,  with  the  hostile  tribes  northwest  of 
the  Ohio ;  while  in  the  service  of  his  country,  having 
attained  the  rank  of  Major-General,  died  in  a  hut, 
at  Presque  Isle,  and  was  buried  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Erie,  in  December,  1796;  in  1809  his  remains  were 
removed  to  his  native  county. 

Wayne,  Isaac;  was  a  Representative 'in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1823  to  1825. 

Wayne,  James  M.;  was  born  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  in  1790;  having  obtained  an  excellent  pre 
liminary  education  under  the  instruction  of  a  private 
tutor,  entered  Nassau  Hall  (now  Princeton  College) ; 
on  his  return  home,  at  the  close  of  his  collegiate 
course,  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  Savannah; 
his  father  dying  a  few  months  afterwards,  left,  by  the 
advice  of  his  friends,  to  prosecute  his  studies  at  the 
Xorth;  on  his  second  return  home  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  took  much  interest  in 
politics;  after  three  or  four  years  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  General  Assembly  as  an  opponent  of  the 
"Relief  Law,"  which  had  created  much  feeling 
throughout  the  State;  was  re-elected  the  following 
year;  declined  being  a  candidate  the  third  time;  was 
next  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Savannah;  on  his  resigna 
tion  of  that  office  was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  and  served  five  and  a  half  years;  was  then 
elected  a  member  of  Congress  in  the  session  of  1829 
and  1830,  and  served  until  1835;  took  a  prominent 
position  in  the  House  as  a  debater,  and  also  proved 
himself  a  good  business  member  on  various  Commit 
tees;  was  a  supporter  of  President  Jackson,  by  whom 


532 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Unitec 
States  Supreme  Court  in  1835;  proved  himself  r 
sound  and  accomplished  jurist;  especially  devotee 
his  attention  to  the  subject  of  Admiralty  Jurispru 
dence,  and  his  opinion  on  points  connected  with  thai 
subject  are  everywhere  cited  as  high  authority;  in 
18^5  and  1866,  by  invitation  of  the  faculty,  he  de 
livered  an  occasional  lecture  before  the  law  student 
of  Columbia  College.  Died  in  Washington,  July  5, 
1867. 

Weakley,  Robert;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Tennessee  from  1809  to  1811;  in  1819 
was  appointed  United  States  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Chickasaws. 

"Weaver,  Archibald.  J.;  was  born  in  Susque- 
hanna  County,  Pennsylvania,  April  1.1,  1844;  lived 
on  a  farm  until  seventeen  years  of  age;  then  entered 
Wyoming  Seminary,  at  Kingston,  Pennsylvania,  re 
maining  three  years  as  a  student  and  lour  years  as  a 
teacher  of  mathematics;  in  18t'i7  entered  the  Law 
Department  of  Harvard  University,  remaining  until 
186J;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  in  February,  1869,  and  immediately  removed  to 
Nebraska,  settling  at  Falls  City  in  the  practice  of  law ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1871 ;  in  1872  was  elected  District  Attorney  of 
the  First  Judicial  District;  in  1875  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention ;  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  First  Judicial  District  in  1875,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1879,  holding  the  position  until  elected  a 
Representative  from  Nebraska  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Weaver,  James  B.;  was  born  at  Dayton,  Ohio, 
June  12,  1833;  received  a  common  school  education; 
studied  law;  graduated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law 
School  in  1856,  and  engaged  in  practice;  entered  the 
Union  Army  in  1861  as  a  private,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  the  Second  Judicial  Dis 
trict  of  Iowa  in  I860;  was  appointed  Assessor  of 
Internal  Revenue  in  1867;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

"Webb,  James;  was  born  in  Virginia;  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Georgia  to  practice;  was  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  that  State;  was  United  States 
District  Judge  in  the  Territory  of  Florida;  resigned 
and  removed  to  Texas  in  1839;  was  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  the  State  and  Secretary  of  State;  served  one 
term  in  the  Senate,  and,  after  Texas  became  a  State, 
was  Reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  Secretary  of  State,  and  Judge  of  the 
Fourteenth  Judicial  District,  which  position  he  held 
at  the  time  of  his  death;  was  the  author  of  "Re 
ports  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Texas,"  from  1846  to 
1848.  Died  at  Goliad,  Texas,  November  2,  1856. 

"Webb,  James  "Watson ;  was  born  at  Claver- 
ack,  New  York,  February  8,  1802;  entered  the  army 
as  Second  Lieutenant  in  1819;  was  made  First  Lieu 
tenant  in  1823;  resigned  in  1827,  and  took  charge  of 
the  New  York  Courier,  which  was  united  to  the  En 
quirer,  under  the  name  of  Morning  Courier  and  New 
York  Enquirer;  became  sole  editor,  and,  in  1830,  sole 
proprietor;  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Vi 
enna  in  1850,  but  the  Senate  did  not  confirm  the 
nomination;  in  1861  was  Minister  to  Brazil;  while 
in  this  position  secured  the  settlement  of  long-stand 
ing  claims  against  Brazil,  and  was  instrumental, 
through  his  intimacy  with  Napoleon  III.,  in  procur 
ing  the  withdrawal  of  the  French  from  Mexico;  was 
the  editor  of  "  Altowan,  or  Adventures  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,"  2  vols.  8vo.,  1846;  "Slavery  and  its 
Tendencies,"  8vo.,  1856. 


"Webb,  Nathan  ;  was  born  at  Portland,  Maine, 
May  7,  1825;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1846;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  1  ar  in  1849, 
and  engaged  in  practice  at  Portland;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  18'i4  and  1865; 
was  elected  County  Attorney  of  Cumberland  County 
in  1865,  and  re-elected  in  1868;  in  1870  resigned  the 
County  Attorneyship  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Maine;  was  re- 
appointed  in  1874,  and  again  in  1878;  declined  the 
third  appointment,  and  resumed  general  practice; 
in  1882  was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  District  of  Maine. 

"Webb,  "William  B.;  was  born  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  September  17,  1825;  received 
his  early  education  at  the  private  schools  of  Wash 
ington  and  at  a  private  boarding  school  near  Bal- 
tir;:ore,  Maryland;  in  1840  entered  the  freshman 
class  of  Columbian  College — now  Columbian  Univers 
ity — at  Washington;  graduated  in  1844,  and  imme 
diately  commenced  the  study  of  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  District  of  Co< 
lumbia  in  the  same  year,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law  at  Washington  City;  on  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  War,  in  1861,  joined  a  company  of  vol 
unteers,  and  was  elected  Captain;  tendered  the  ser 
vices  of  the  company  to  the  United  States  Govern 
ment,  but  they  were  declined;  in  the  Fall  of  1861, 
upon  the  formation  of  the  metropolitan  police  force 
in  Washington,  was  elected,  by  the  Board  of  Police, 
Superintendent  of  the  force;  successfully  organized 
the  force,  and  continued  to  perform  the  arduous 
duties  of  his  position  until  1863,  wThen  he  resigned, 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  was  Coun 
sel  for  the  Washington  Gas  Light  Company,  the  Ad 
ams  Express  Company,  and  the  Bank  of  Washington; 
was  President  of  the  Bar  Association  of  the  District 
of  Columbia;  was  a  Director  in  the  Washington  Gas 
Light  Company,  and  in  the  Central  National  Bank 
of  Washington;  in  July.  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the 
District  of  Columbia;  in  April,  I88i>,  was  elected 
Jrcsident  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners. 

"Weber,  John  B.;    was  born  at  Buffalo,    New 
York,  September  21,  1842;  received  a  good  education 
n  the  public  schools  of  Buffalo;  engaged  in  clerical 
>ursuits;  in  1861,  when  not  quite  nineteen  years  of 
ige,  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  in  the  Forty-fourth 
Vew  York  Volunteers — the  famous  Ellsworth  Regi- 
nent;  displayed  remarkablebravery,  and  was  rapidly 
)romoted,  reaching  the  grade  of  Colonel  while  yet  in 
lis    minority,     in    July,     1863;    led    his    company 
hrough  the  memorable  "seven  days'  fight"  before 
Richmond,  coming  out  of  that  fiery  ordeal  with  but 
five  men  in  tlfc  company;   at  the  close  of  the   war 
engaged  in  business  at  Buffalo,  in  which  he  continued 
until  1883,  when  he  retired;  in   1870  was  candidate 
for   Sheriff  of  Erie   County,    but  was   defeated  by 
Grover  Cleveland;  was  Deputy  Postmaster  at  Buffalo 
for  three  years;  in  1873  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Erie 
County  by  a  majority  of  2,200;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

"Webber,  George  "W.;  was  born  at  Newbury, 
Vermont.  November  25,  1825;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  Michigan;  engaged  in 
various  pursuits;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Forty-seventh  Congress. 

"Webster,  Daniel ;  was  born  in  the  town  of  Sal 
isbury,  New  Hampshire,  January  18.  1782;  his  op 
portunities  for  education  were  very  limited,  and  he 
was  indebted  to  his  mother  for  his  earliest  instruction; 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


533 


for  a  few  months  only,  in  1796,   enjoyed  the  advan 
tages  of  Phillips'  Exeter  Academj7;  here  his  prepara 
tion  for  college  began,  and  it  was  completed  at  Bos- 
cawen;  entered  Dartmouth  College  in  1797,  and  grad 
uated  in  1801 ;  soon  after  graduating  engaged  in  pro 
fessional  studies,  first  in  his  native  village,  and  after 
wards  at  Fryeburg  in  Maine,  where,  at  the  same  time, 
he  had  the  charge  of  an  academy,  and  was  also  a 
copyist  in  the  office  of  the  Register  of  Deeds;  having 
completed  his  legal  studies,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  Suffolk,    Massachusetts,    in   the  year  1805;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  state  and 
county;  in  1807  removed  to  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  soon  became  engaged  in  a  respectable  but 
not  lucrative  practice;  in  1812  was  chosen   a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire,  and  was 
re-elected;  removed  to  Boston  in  1816,  and  was  at 
once  placed  beside  the  leaders  of  the  Massachusetts 
bar,    having  already  appeared  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  at  Washington;  by  his 
argument  in  the  Dartmouth  College  case,  carried  by 
appeal  to  Washington,  in  1817,  took  rank  among  the 
most  distinguished  jurists  in  the  country;  in  1820 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Convention  for  revising 
the  Constitution  of  Massachusetts;  was  offered,  about 
this  time,  a  nomination  as  a  Senator  of  -the  United 
States,   but  declined  it;  in  1822  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  the  city  of  Boston;  took 
his  seat  in  December,  1823,  and   early   in  the  sess'on 
made  his  celebrated  speech  on  the  Greek  Revolution, 
which  at  once  established  his   reputation  as  one  of 
the  first  statesmen  of  the  age;  was  re-elected;  in  1826 
was  again  elected,  and,  under  the  Presidency  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  was  the  leader  of  the  friends  of  the 
administration,  first  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  afterwards  in  the  Senate,  to  which  he  was  elected 
in  1827;  his  speech  on  the  Panama  mission  was  made 
in  the  first  session  of  the  Nineteenth  Congress;  when 
the  tariff  law  of  1824  was  brought  forward,  he  spoke 
against  it  on  the  ground  of  expediency;   remained  in 
the  Senate  for  a  period  of  twelve  years;  in  1830  made 
what  is  generally  regarded  the  ablest  of  his  parlia 
mentary  efforts — his  second  speech  in  reply  to  Robert 
Y.  Hayne,  of  South  Carolina;  Mr.  Webster,  although 
opposed  to  the  administration  of  General  Jackson, 
gave  it  a  cordial  support  in  its  measures  for  the  de 
fense  of  the  Union  in  1832  and  1833,  but  opposed  its 
financial  system;  in  1839  made  a  short  visit  to  Eu 
rope;  his  fame  had  preceded  him,   and  he  was  re 
ceived,  in  the  Old  World,  with  the  attention  due  to  his 
character   and  talents,   at  the  French  and  English 
Courts;  on  the  accession  of  President  Harrison,  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  State,  and  was  continued  in 
this  office  by  President  Tyler;  President  Tyler's  Cabi 
net  was  broken  up  in  1842,  but  Mr.  Webster  remained 
in  office  until  the  spring  of  1843,  being  desirous  of 
putting  some  other  matters,  connected  with  our  for 
eign  relations,  in  a  prosperous  train ;  returned  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  in  1845,  and  remained  in 
that  body  until  1850,    when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Fillmore,  Secretary  of  State;  in  December, 

1850,  the  famous  Hulsemann  letter  was  written;  in 

1851.  by  his  judicious  management  of  the  Cuba  ques 
tion,  obtained  from  the  Spanish  government  the  par 
don  of  the  followers  of  Lopez,  who  had  been  deported 
to  Spain;  about  the  same  time  received  from  the  En 
glish  government  an  apology  for  the  interference  of  a 
British  cruiser  with  an  American  steamer  in  the  wa 
ters  of  Nicaragua;  this  was  the  second  time  that  the 
British  government  had   made  a  similar  concession 
fttthe  instance  of  Mr.  Webster;  the  first  was  in  ref 
erence  to  the  destruction  of  the  Caroline,  at  Schlosser, 
and  it  is  understood  that  it  was  on  the  strength  of  a 
private   letter  that  he  addressed  to  Lord  Palmerston 
that  John  F.  Crampton  was  made  Minister  Plenipo 


tentiary  to  Washington;  paid  much  attention  to  agri 
culture,  and  his  residence,  when  not  engaged  in  pub 
lic  business  at  Washington,  was  either  at  Marshneld, 
in  Massachusetts,  or  the  place  of  his  birth,  in  New 
Hampshire;  the  works  of  Mr.  Webster  were  published 
in  six  volumes,  with  a  biographical  memoir  by  Ed 
ward  Everett.  Died  October  23,  1852,  at  Marshfield. 
In  that  year,  his  Private  Life,  by  the  compiler  of  this 
volume,  was  published;  in  1857  two  volumes  of  his 
Private  Correspondence  were  published  by  his  son, 
Fletcher  Webster,  subsequently  killed  in  battle  dur 
ing  the  Rebellion;  in  1869,  a  complete  life  of  this 
statesmen,  in  two  volumes,  was  published  by  George 
T.  Curtis. 

"Webster,  Edwin  H.;  was  born  in  Harford 
County,  Maryland,  March  31,  1829;  was  educated  at 
Dickinson  College;  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
Senate  from  1855  to  1859,  serving  two  years  as  the 
President  of  that  body;  in  1856  was  chosen  a  Presi 
dential  Elector;  was  a  Representative  from  Maryland 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty -seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Claims,  and  on  Public  Expenditures;  for  a  time 
rendered  the  State  some  service  in  a  military 
capacity,  and  was  Colonel  of  a  Maryland  Regiment; 
in  1863  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Claims,  and  on  the 
Militia;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress; 
in  July,  1865,  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson, 
Collector  of  Customs  for  the  port  of  Baltimore. 

"Webster,  Taylor  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
settled  in  Ohio;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  18:>3  to  1839. 

"Weeks,  John  "W;  was  a  County  Sheriff  in  New 
Hampshire  from  1820  to  1825;  was  a  State  Senator  in 
1827  and  1828;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  Hampshire  from  1829  to  1833;  was  Judge 
of  Probate,  in  Coos  County,  in  1854. 

'Weeks,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Hamp 
shire  from  1835  to  1839,  having  previously  been,  for 
two  years,  Judge  of  the  County  Court  for  Cheshire 
County. 

"Weems,  John  O.;  was  born  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1826  to  1829. 

Weightman,  Richard  Hanson;  was  born  in 
Maryland;  was  educated  at  tUp  United  States  Mili 
tary  Academy  at  West  Point;  was  a  Captain  in  the 
Missouri  Battalion  of  Light  Artillery  Volunteers  in 
the  Mexican  War  and  distinguished  himself  under 
Colonel  Donophau  in  the  battle  of  Sacramento;  sub 
sequently  held  the  position  of  additional  Paymaster; 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  New  Mexico,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

"Welch,  Adonija  S.;  was  born  in  East  Hamp 
ton,  Connecticut,  in  1821;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1839;  graduated  at  the  University  of  that  State  in 
1846;  studied  law,  but  preferred  teaching;  had  charge 
of  a  High  School  at  Jonesville;  visited  California  in 
1849;  on  his  return  was  Principal  of  the  Normal 
School  of  Michigan  for  four  years;  in  1865  removed 
to  Florida;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  that  State  for  the  term  ending  in  1869,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  Agriculture,  and  Post  Offices 
and  Post  Roads. 

"Welch,  Frank;  was  a  Representative  from 
Nebraska  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term. 


534 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


"Welch,  John ;  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Ohio,  October  28,  1805;  was  educated  at  Franklin 
College,  Ohio;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  18o3;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of 
Ohio  in  1846  and  1847;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1851  to  1853;  was  subsequently  one  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

Welch,  William  H.;  was  a  native  of  Connecti 
cut;  removed  to  Minnesota;  in  1853  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Minnesota. 

Welch,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Con 
necticut,  December  10,  1818;  received  the  rudiments 
of  his  education  at  the  common  schools  and  from 
private  instructors;  having  turned  his  attention  to 
the  science  of  medicine,  received  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
from  the  Medical  Institution  of  Yale  College  in  1838; 
excepting  when  interrupted  by  his  public  duties,  was 
a  practicing  physician;  was  twice  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  twice  to  the  Senate  of 
Connecticut;  was  a  Representative  from  that  State 
during  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Weldon,  Lawrence  ;  was  born  in  Muskingum 
County,  Ohio,  in  1829;  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
Madison  County,  Ohio,  when  a  child;  was  educated 
at  the  common  schools,  at  the  local  academy,  and  at 
Witternberg  College,  Springfield,  Ohio;  read  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1853;  was  a  clerk  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of  Ohio  in  18515  and 
1854;  in  that  year  removed  to  Clinton,  DeWitt  Coun 
ty,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in 
1860  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector  on  the 
Republican  ticket;  in  1861  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Legislature  to  accept  the  appointment  of  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District  of  Illinois, 
tendered  him  by  President  Lincoln;  resigned  in  18.J6, 
and,  in  1867,  removed  to  Bloomington,  Illinois, 
where  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in 
November,  1883,  was  appointed,  by  President 
Arthur,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  of  Claims. 

Welker,  Martin  ;  was  born  in  Knox  County, 
Ohio,  April  25,  1819;  received  a  good  education  by 
his  own  unaided  efforts,  while  working  on  a  farm  or 
employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1^40;  from  1846  to  1851  was  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Holmes  County;  in 
1851  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  for 
the  Sixth  District,  serving  five  years;  in  1857  re 
moved  to  Wooster,  Wayne  County,  and  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ohio,  declining  a  re-nomina 
tion;  in  1861  was  appointed  a  Judge  Advocate,  with 
the  rank  of  Major,  serving  three  months  as  a  Staff 
Officer;  was  soon  afterwards  appointed  Aid-de-camp 
and  Acting  Judge  Advocate-General,  with  the  rank 
of  Colonel,  under  the  Governor  of  the  State;  in  1862 
was  an  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  and  superin 
tended  the  draft  of  the  State;  in  1864  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,  Revolutionary  Pensions,  and  Free  Schools 
in  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  also  a  Delegate  to 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866: 
•was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-iirst  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Re 
trenchment;  in  1873  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Northern  District  of  Ohio;  in  1874  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.  1).  from  Wooster  (Ohio)  Uni 
versity;  afterwards  became  Professor  of  Political 
Science,  and  of  Constitutional  and  International  Law 
in  that  institution. 


Wellborn,  M.  J.;  was  born  in  Georgia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Wellborn,  Olin ;  was  born  at  Gumming,  For- 
sythe  County,  Georgia,  June  13,  1843;  was  well  edu 
cated;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout 
the  Civil  War;  after  the  close  of  the  war  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  in 
1866;  removed  to  Dallas,  Texas;  in  1871;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-seven th, 
Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Weller,  John  B.;  was  born  in  Ohio;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1839  to 
1845;  was  the  first  United  States  Commissioner  to 
Mexico,  under  the  treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo; 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in  California,  was,  in 
1851,  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six 
years;  was  subsequently  elected  Governor  of  Califor 
nia;  in  December,  I860,  was  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Mexico;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago 
Convention  "  in  1864.  Died  in  New  Orleans,  August 
17,  1875. 

Weller,  Luman  H. ;  was  born  in  Litchfield, 
County,  Connecticut,  August  24,  1833;  received  a 
common  school  education,  supplemented  by  a  course 
at  the  State  Normal  School  and  the  Literary  Insti 
tute,  at  Suffield,  Connecticut;  taught  school;  re 
moved  to  Iowa  in  1859,  and  settled  in  Chickasaw 
County  as  a  farmer;  took  an  active  part  in  politics; 
was  successively  elected  Road  Supervisor,  Township 
Clerk,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  County  Coroner,  and 
member  of  County  Board  of  Supervisors;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1867,  and  practiced  law,  in  con 
nection  with  his  farming  interests,  until  1876;  in 
1867  was  an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1869  and  1877  was  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  State  Senator;  in  1878  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Congress;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Welles,  Gideon  ;  was  born  at  Glastenbury,  Con 
necticut,  July  1,  1802;  was  educated  chieiiy  at  the 
Norwich  University  of  Vermont;  studied  law;  in 

1826  became  the  editor  of  the  Hartford    Times;  from 

1827  to  1835  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  Legis 
lature;  was  subsequently  appointed  Comptroller  of 
Public  Accounts;  from  1836  to  1841  was  Postmaster 
of  Hartford,    having  been   appointed  by   President 
Jackson;  in  1842  was  made  Comptroller  of  the  State; 
in  1846  took  charge  of  a  bureau  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment,  where  he  remained  until  1849;  was  a  Delegate 
to  the  "Chicago  Convention  "  of  1860;  in  1861  went 
into  President  Lincoln's  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the 
Navy.     For  thirty  years  before  becoming  Secretary 
he  was  an   occasional  contributor  to  the  Hartiord 
Press,  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  and  the  Washing 
ton  Globe  and  Union.     Died  February  11,  1878. 

Wells,  Alfred ;  was  born  at  Dagsborough,  Sus 
sex  County,  Delaware,  May  27,  1814;  adopted  the 
profession  of  the  law,  and  settled  in  Ithaca,  New 
York;  in  1858  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
New  York  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Militia;  also  held 
the  positions  of  Deputy  Clerk,  District  Attorney,  and 
Judge  of  Tompkins  County,  New  York.  Died  in 
the  winter  of  1857. 

Wells,  Daniel,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Maine;  received 
a  good  English  education;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
18  !6;  became  extensively  engaged  in  the  business  of 
banking  and  lumbering  at  Milwaukee;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Wisconsin  from  1853  to 
1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


535 


Wells,  David  A.;  was  born  in  Springfield, 
Massachusetts,  in  June,  1828;  graduated  at  Williams 
College;  became  an  associate  editor  of  the  Springfield 
Republican;  while  there  invented  a  machine  for  fold 
ing  books  and  newspapers;  subsequently  graduated 
at  the  Scientific  School  at  Cambridge;  established, 
and  edited  for  several  years,  the  Annual  of  Scientific 
Discovery;  while  residing  in  Troy,  New  York,  in 
1864,  he  came  prominently  before  the  public  by 
means  of  a  pamphlet  on  "Our  Burden  and  Our 
Strength,"  which  had  an  enormous  circulation  ;  after 
the  close  of  the  Civil  War  was  made  Chairman  of  a 
Special  Commission  created  by  Congress  to  inquire 
into  the  resources  of  the  country;  was  subsequently 
made  a  Special  Commissioner  of  the  Revenue,  which 
office  he  held  four  years,  and  in  which  capacity  he 
inaugurated  many  improvements  in  the  Revenue 
Laws,  and  established  the  "Bureau  of  Statistics;" 
after  leaving  Washington  was  appointed,  by  the 
Governor  of  New  York,  to  revise  the  Taxation  Laws 
of  that  State,  and  made  two  important  reports  in 
1872  and  1873;  in  the  former  year  was  made  a  lec 
turer  at  Yale  College,  and  in  the  latter  year  visited 
England  and  there  proclaimed  his  opinions;  in  1875 
took  an  interest  in  the  politics  of  Connecticut,  and 
was  also  made  President  of  the  American  Association 
of  Social  Science;  became  a  member  of  the  French 
Academy;  received  from  the  University  of  Oxford, 
England,  the  degree  of  D.C.L.,  and  from  Williams 
College  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

"Wells,  Ebenezer,  T.;  waa  born  in  New  York; 
emigrated  to  Colorado;  in  1871  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Associate  Justices  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Colorado. 

Wells,  Erastus;  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
New  York,  December  2,  1823;  received  a  good  edu 
cation  ;  was  compelled  to  rely  on  his  own  exertions, 
and  went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri ;  established  the  first 
omnibus  line  in  that  city,  and  the  first  street  railroad 
company;  was,  for  fifteen  years,  a  member  of  the 
City  Council;  was  President  of  the  Missouri  Railroad 
Company,  and  a  Director  in  several  incorporated 
companies;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mis 
souri  to  the  Forty-first,  Forty-second,  Forty-third, 
and  Forty -fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Pacific  Railroad.  Navy  Department,  Rail 
roads  and  Canals.  Centennial,  and  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds;  was  also  elected  to  the  Forty-sixth 
Congress. 

Wells,  G-uilford  Wiley  ;  was  born  in  Conesus, 
Livingston  County,  New  York,  February  14,  1840; 
received  a  liberal  education  at  the  Geuesee  College; 
graduated  at  Columbian  College,  District  of  Colum 
bia;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  entered  the 
war  for  the  Union  as  a  Lieutenant  of  Volunteers, 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  was 
twice  wounded  and  brevetted  for  gallantry  on  the 
field;  in  1870,  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Mississippi;  was 
re-appointed  in  1874,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Wells,  Hezekiah  G.;  was  born  in  Steubenville, 
Ohio,  in  1812;  was  educated  at  Kenyon  College; 
after  studying  law,  emigrated  to  Kalamazoo,  Michi 
gan;  in  1833  was  elected  to  the  first  Constitutional 
Convention  of  that  State;  in  1845,  and  for  five  years, 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  State; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1850:  by  his  individual  exertions  raised  a 
regiment  of  Volunteers  during  the  Rebellion;  from 
1865  to  1875,  was  President  of  the  State  Board  of 


Agriculture;  in  1873,  was  appointed  member  of  n, 
Constitutional  Convention  of  eighteen  persons;  wns 
subsequently  appointed  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Commissioners  of  Alabama  Claims. 

Wells,  H.  H.;  was  born  in  Rochester,  New  York, 
September  17,  1823;  was  educated  at  the  Romeo 
Academy  in  Michigan;  studied  law,  came  to  the  bar 
in  Detroit,  and  practiced  the  profession  there  from 
1846  to  1861;  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan  Legisla 
ture  from  1854  to  1856;  served  in  the  war  for  the 
Union  from  that  State  and  became  a  Brigadier-Gen 
eral  by  brevet;  settled  in  Virginia;  was  military 
Governor  of  Virginia  in  1868  and  1869  and  resigned; 
was  United  States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Vir 
ginia  from  1869  to  1872,  when  he  resigned;  in  Sep 
tember,  1875,  entered  upon  the  duties  of  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  having 
been  appointed  to  succeed  George  P.  Fisher,  removed. 

Wells,  James  M.;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1864  to  1867. 

Wells,  John;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851 
to  1853. 

Wells,  John  S. ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  from  January  to  March,  in  1855,  by 
executive  appointment;  filled  many  local  offices. 
Died  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  in  1860,  aged  fifty- 
six  years. 

Wells,  Robert  W.;  was,  for  nearly  thirty  years 
before  his  death,  on  the  United  States  Bench  of  Mis 
souri,  seldom,  if  ever,  missing  a  term  of  the  Circuit 
or  District  Courts;  acquired  a  high  reputation  for  hia 
legal  knowledge,  and  his  decisions  were  always  re 
spected  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Died  at  Bowling  Green,  Kentucky,  September  22. 
1864. 

Wells,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
about  1805;  was,  for  some  years,  Judge  of  the  Super 
ior  Court  of  Maine;  was  Governor  of  the  State  in 
1856  and  1857.  Died  in  Boston,  Jnly  15,  1868. 

Wells,  William  H.;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware,  from  1799  to  1804,  when  he  resigned; 
was  again  a  United  States  Senator  from  1813  to  1817. 
Died  .March  11,  1829. 

Welsh,  John ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1805;  received  a  liberal  education;  re 
ceived  a  good  business  training  in  the  office  of  his 
father,  who  was  a  prominent  shipping  merchant  in 
Philadelphia;  engaged  in  the  shipping  business  on 
his  own  account,  and  was  very  successful;  in  1864 
was  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
National  Sanitary  Fair,  and  contributed  largely  to 
the  success  of  the  undertaking;  was  Chairman  of  the 
Finance  Committee  of  the  National  Centennial  Ex 
hibition  of  1876,  and  devoted  three  years  of  his  time 
to  insuring  the  success  of  that  great  project;  a  sub 
scription  of  $50,000  was  tendered  him  in  recognition 
of  his  services  in  this  connection,  and,  upon  his  de 
clining  to  receive  it,  the  money  was  used  in  the  en 
dowment  of  the  John  Welsh  Centennial  Professor 
ship  of  History  and  English  Literature,  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  in  October,  1877,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Hayes,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States  to 
Great  Britain;  resigned  in  1879;  was,  for  fifteen 
years,  a  Commissioner  of  Fairmount  Park;  waa 
President  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com 
pany;  served  several  terms  as  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Philadelphia ;  was,  for  many  years,  Presi- 


536 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


dent  of  the  Board  of  Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  of 
his  native  city.  Died  at  his  home  in  Philadelphia, 
April  10,  1886. 

Wee iple,  Edward;  was  born  at  Fnltonville, 
Montgomery  County,  New  York,  in  1844;  received  a 
classical  education,  graduating  from  Union  College 
in  1866;  studied  law  for  a  time,  and  then  joined  his 
father  in  the  foundry  business,  in  which  he  con 
tinued;  was  Chairman  of  the  County  Democratic 
General  Committee  in  1872,  1873,  and  1874;  was 
Town  Supervisor  in  1874, 1875,  and  1876;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1877  and 
1878;  became  President  of  the  Fultonville  and 
Fonda  Street  Railroad  Company,  and  a  Director  in 
the  Fultonville  National  Bank;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

Wendover,  Peter  H.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  the 
city  of  New  York  in  1804;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1815  to  1821. 

"Wentworth,  John ;  was  born  in  Sandwich, 
New  Hampshire,  March  5,  1815,  and  was  the  grand 
son  of  John  Wentworth,  Jr.,  who  was  in  the  old  Con 
gress,  and  who  signed  the  original  Articles  of  Con 
federation  for  New  Hampshire;  was  educated  at 
Dartmouth  College;  shortly  after  graduating,  in  1836, 
emigrated  to  the  west,  and  settled  in  Chicago,  Illi 
nois;  was  among  the  first  who  took  an  interest  in 
securing  a  city  charter  for  the  town;  in  a  short  time 
connected  himself  with  the  Chicago  Democrat,  which 
was  long  the  official  journal  of  the  city,  and  which 
he  conducted  as  proprietor  and  editor  for  twenty-five 
years;  before  becoming  fully  engaged  in  politics, 
studied  law,  and,  having  finished  his  course  at  Har 
vard,  came  to  the  bar  in  1841;  in  1837  became  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  continued  in 
that  position,  when  not  in  public  life,  for  many 
years;  was  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the 
Twenty-eighth,  Twenty-ninth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty-first 
and  Thirty-second  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories  and  Commerce;  in  1857  and 
I860  was  Mayor  of  Chicago;  was  a  member  of  the 
"State  Constitutional  Convention  "  of  1861;  in  1864 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Police  Commissioners  of 
Chicago;  was  subsequently  elected  for  the  sixth  term 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  Roads  and  Canals; 
in  1867  received,  from  Dartmouth  College,  the  degree 
of  LL.D.,  and  subsequently  made  a  donation  of  ten 
thousand  dollars  to  the  college. 

"Wentworth,  John,  Jr.;  was  born  in  Sommers- 
worth,  New  Hampshire,  July  17,  1745;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1768;  studied  law  and  adopted 
the  profession;  settled  at  Dover  early  in  life,  and 
was,  for  a  while,  the  only  lawyer  in  his  county;  upon 
the  organization  of  Stratford  County,  received,  from 
his  relative,  Governor  John  Wentworth,  the  appoint 
ment  of  Register  of  Probate,  which  office  he  held  un 
til  his  death;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
State  Legislature  from  1776  to  1780,  when  he  took 
the  place  of  his  deceased  father,  also  named  John,  in 
the  Council,  where  he  remained  until  1784;  was  a 
Delegate  from  New  Hampshire  to  the  Continental 
Congress  in  the  years  1778  and  1779,  serving  four  ses 
sions,  arid  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of 
Confederation;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
from  1784  until  his  death;  was  an  active  member  of 
the  Committee  of  Safety  during  the  Revolution. 
Died  at  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  .January  10.  1787, 
from  consumption,  growing  out  of  an  attack  of  small 
pox. 


"Wentworth,  Tappan ;  was  born  in  Dover,  New 
Hampshire,  February  24,  1802:  followed  the  law  as 
a  profession;  was  President  of  the  Common  Council 
of  Lowell  in  1842;  served  four  years  in  the  State  Sen 
ate,  and  eight  years  in  the  lower  house  of  the  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mas 
sachusetts  from  1853  to  1855;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Philadelphia  "  Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866.  Died 
in  Lowell,  June  12,  1875. 

"West,  George ;  was  born  in  Devonshire  County, 
England,  February  17,  1823;  received  a  common 
school  education;  came  to  the  United  States  in  Feb 
ruary,  1849;  settled  at  Bullston  Spa,  New  York,  and 
became  a  paper  manufacturer;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  New  York  Legislature  from  1872  to  1877;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions 
of  1880  and  1884;  became  President  of  the  First  Na 
tional  Bank,  ac  Ballston  Spa.  New  York;  in  1S80 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-seventh  Congress;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

"West,  J.  B.;  was  born  in  New  Orleans,  Septem 
ber  19,  1822;  entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1836,  but  withdrew  before  graduating;  served  in 
the  war  against  Mexico,  as  Captain;  emigrated  to 
California  in  1849,  and  engaged  in  commercial  pur 
suits;  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  was  proprie 
tor  of  the  San  Francisco  Prices  Current;  entered  the 
army  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  First  California 
Infantry,  and  attained  the  rank  of  brevet  Major-(i en- 
eral;  went  to  Texas,  and  then  removed  to  New  Or 
leans;  was  Chief  Deputy  United  States  Marshal  and 
Auditor  of  Customs,  and  Administrator  of  Improve 
ments;  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  for 
the  term  commencing  in  1871  and  ending  in  1877, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Appropriations  and 
Railroads;  settled  in  Washington  City;  served  for 
several  years  as  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

"Westbrook,  John  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1841  to  1843. 

"Westbrook,  Theodoric  B.;  was  a  native  of 
New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1853  to  1855. 

"Westcott,  James  D.;  was  born  in  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  in  May,  1802;  removed,  Avith  his  father,  to 
New  Jersey;  was,  at  an  early  age,  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State,  where  he 
practiced  his  profession  until  1829;  afterwards  held, 
for  a  short  time,  a  position  in  the  Consular  Bureau  of 
the  State  Department  at  Washington;  was  appointed. 
by  President  Jackson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of 
Florida,  and  held  the  offic*  four  years,  performing 
the  duties  of  the  Governor  during  his  temporary 
absence;  was  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature 
in  1832;  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  middle  district  of  the  Territory,  which 
office  he  held  until  1836;  was  again  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  and  a  member  of  the  Convention  for 
framing  a  State  Constitution  in  1838  and  1839;  on 
the  admission  of  Florida  into  the  Union  as  a  S^ate,  in 
1845,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  served 
until  1849. 

"Westerlo,  Bensselaer  ;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1817  to  1819. 

"Weston,  James  A.;  was  Governor  of  Nevada  in 
the  years  1871  and  1872. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


537 


"Weston,  James  A. ;  was  born  in  Manchester, 
New  Hampshire,  August  27,  1827;  received  a  good 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  academies  of  his 
native  place ;  adopted  the  profession  of  a  Ci.vil  Engi 
neer;  was  extensively  engaged  in  building  and  op 
erating  Railroads  and  Water  Works  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  was  elected  Mayor  of  Manchester  in  1868,  1870, 
1871,  and  1874;  was  Governor  of  New  Hampshire  in 
1871  and  1874. 

"Wethered,  John ;  was  born  in  Maryland;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1843  to  1845. 

Wetmore,  George  Peabody;  was  born,  of 
American  parents,  in  London,  England,  August  2, 
1846;  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.M.  from  that  institution  in  1871;  in  1866 
became  a  Trustee  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  at  Yale  College,  and  continued  in  that  po 
sition  in  succeeding  years;  in  18fi9  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.B.  from  Columbia  College;  was  First 
Presidential  Elector  for  Rhode  Island  in  1880  and 
1884;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Committee  to  re 
ceive  the  French  Representatives  in  1881;  in  1885  was 
elected  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1886. 

Whaley,  Kellian  V.;  was  born  in  Onondaga 
County,  New  York,  May  6,  1821;  while  yet  a  youth 
removed,  with  his  father,  to  Ohio;  received  a  limited 
education;  when  twenty-one  years  old  settled  in  West 
ern  Virginia,  devoting  himself  to  the  lumber  and  mer 
cantile  business;  when  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  took 
the  Union  side  of  the  question,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Invalid  Pensions;  afterwards  acted  as  an  Aid 
to  Governor  Pierpoint  in  organizing  and  equipping 
regiments,  and  was  in  command  at  the  battle  of 
Guyandotte,  when  he  was  taken  prisoner,  in  Novem 
ber,  18(51;  after  traveling  with  his  captors  sixty  miles 
toward  Richmond,  made  his  escape,  and  arrived 
safely  at  Catlettsburg,  Kentucky;  was  soon  able  to 
resume  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions, 
and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture; 
was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  ''Baltimore  Convention" 
of  1864:  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  that  on  the 
Death  of  President  Lincoln;  was  also  a  member  of 
the  National  Committee  appointed  to  accompany 
the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illinois;  in 
18G8  was  appointed  Collector  at  Brazos  de  Santiago, 
Texas. 

"Whallon,  Reuben ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York 
from  1833  to  1835.  Died  in  Essex  County,  New 
York,  April  15.  1843,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

"Wharton,  Jesse ;  represented  the  State  of  Ten 
nessee  in  Congress  from  1807  to  1809;  was  a  United 
States  Senator  in  1814  and  1815,  when  he  was  super 
seded  by  J.  Williams.  Died  at  Nashville,  July  22, 
1833. 

"Wharton,  Samuel ;  was  born  in  1732;  signed 
the  Non-Importation  Resolutions  of  1765;  was  a 
member  of  the  City  Councils  of  Philadelphia,  of  the 
Committee  of  Safety  in  the  Revolution,  of  the 
Colonial  and  State  Legislatures  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
of  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782  and  1783.  Died 
about  the  year  1810. 

Wheatley,  Samuel  E.;  was  born  at  George 
town,  District  of  Columbia,  March  27,  1844;  was 


educated  at  Hallowell's  High  School,  at  Alexandria, 
Virginia;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  entered  the  office  of 
his  father — who  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business 
— as  clerk;  at  the  age  of  twenty,  in  connection  with 
his  brothers,  succeeded  to  his  father's  business;  never 
held  public  office  until,  in  March,  1886,  was  appoint 
ed  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

"Wheaton,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  November  27,  1785;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1802;  studied  law  both  in  this 
country  and  Europe;  settled  in  New  York  City, 
where  he  wrote  for  the  press  while  practicing  his  pro 
fession;  in  1815  began  the  publication  of  his  works 
on  International  Law,  which  took  a  foremost  posi 
tion  among  that  class  of  writings;  in  1816  became 
Reporter  of  the  "Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court," 
and  issued  twelve  volumes;  wrote  also  for  the  lead 
ing  Reviews;  in  1821  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  New  York;  in 

1825  assisted  in  revising  the  Laws  of  New  York;  in 

1826  published  the  "Life  of  William  Pinckney";  in 

1827  was  appointed  Charge  d1  Affaire*  to  Denmark;  in 
1835  became  Minister  Resident  to  Prussia,  and  sub 
sequently  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  same  coun 
try;  one  of  his  most  popular  books  was  the  "  History 
of  the  Northmen,"  and  his  legal  writings  were  num 
erous  and  very  highly  appreciated;  in  1819  received, 
from  Brown  University,  the  degree  of  LL.D. ;  received 
the  same  compliment  from  Hamilton  College  in  1843, 
and  from  Harvard  College  in  1845;  died  at  Dorches 
ter,  Massachusetts,  March  11,  1848.     His  "Elements 
of   International    Law"    is   a   work  of  the  highest 
standard  in  its  department  of  learning. 

"Wheaton,  Horace;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1843  to  1847. 

"Wheaton,  Laban ;  was  born  at  Marshfield, 
Massachusetts;  graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1774;  studied  both  theology  and  law;  was  a  County 
Judge;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1809 
to  Ibl7;  died  at  Norton,  Massachusetts,  March  23, 
18  i6,  aged  ninety -two  years. 

"Wheeler,  Ezra ;  was  born  in  Shenango  County, 
New  York,  in  1820;  emigrated  to  Berlin,  Wisconsin, 
in  1849;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  in  1852 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin;  in  1854 
was  elected  to  the"  office  of  County  Judge,  holding 
the  same  for  eight  years;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

"Wheeler,  Grattan  H.;  was  a  native  of  New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1831  to  1833;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly  from  Steuben  County  for  four  years,  and 
was  one  year  a  member  of  the  State  Senate. 

"Wheeler,  Hoyt  H.;  was  born  at  Chesterfield, 
New  Hampshire,  August  30,  1833;  received  an  aca 
demic  education,  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1859,  and  commenced  practice  at  Jamaica, 
Vermont;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Vermont  Leg 
islature  in  1867;  a  State  Senator  in  1868  and  1869; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court  from  1869  to 
1877,  when  he  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Judge  for  the  District  of  Vermont. 

"Wheeler,  John ;  was  born  at  Darby,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1823;  received  a  good  commercial  education, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty  entered  the  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  New  York  City;  subsequently  engaged  in 


538 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


hotel-keeping,  which  he  followed  at  the  time  of  his 
election  and  during  his  service  as  a  member  of  Lor 
gress;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1853  to  1857. 

Wheeler,  John  H.;  was  born  at  Murfresborough, 
North  Carolina,  in  1806;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion  at  Columbian  College,  near  Washington  City,  at 
which  he  graduated  in  1820;  studied  law,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  in 
18-27 •  entered  the  House  of  Commons  as  a  member 
from'his  native  county,  and  served  four  years  suc 
cessively;  was  appointed,  by  President  Jackson, 
Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Branch  Mint  in 
1836,  at  Charlotte,  North  Carolina;  in  1842  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina;  in 
1852  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the  Repub 
lic  of  Nicaragua,  in  Central  America,  during  the  in 
vasion  of  Walker,  and  his  position  was  one  ot  much 
peril  and  responsibility;  was  the  author  of  the 
"History  of  North  Carolina,"  published  in  18o2; 
also  compiled  a  "  Legislative  Manual  "  for  the  State 
of  North  Carolina  in  1874;  resided  m  Washington 
City,  and  engaged  in.  condensing  and  collating  the 
Debates  of  Congress. 

Wheeler,  Joseph  ;  was  born  at  Augusta,  Geor 
gia,  September  10,  1836;  graduated  in  the  five-year 
course  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point,  in  1859;  was  commissioned  a  Lieutenant 
of  Dragoons  in  the  United  States  Army;  resigned  in 
1861,  and  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  of  Artillery  in 
the  Confederate  Army;  was  promoted,  and  com 
manded  an  Infantry  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh; 
was,  soon  afterwards,  again  promoted,  and  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  command  of  the  Cavalry  Corps  of  the 
Western  Army,  continuing  in  that  position  until  the 
close  of  the  war;  by  joint  resolution  of  the  Confed 
erate  Congress  received  the  thanks  of  that  body  for 
skill  and  gallantry  in  many  engagements;  for  the 
successful  defense  of  the  city  of  Aiken,  South  Caro 
lina,  received  the  thanks  of  the  Legislature  of  the 
State  of  South  Carolina;  upon  the  death  of  General 
Stuart,  became  the  senior  Cavalry  General  of  the  Con 
federate  Armies,  and  commanded  all  the  forces — in 
fantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery — in  many  important 
engagements;  in  1866  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Philosophy  in  the  Louisiana  State  Seminary,  which 
position  he  declined;  was  a  counselor-at-law  and  cot 
ton  planter;  in  1880  received  a-certiricate  as  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-seventh  Con 
gress,  but  his  seat  was  successfully  contested  by 
W.  M.  Lowe;  upon  the  decease  of  Mr.  Lowe,  a  few 
months  later,  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  his  death;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Wheeler,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Malone, 
Franklin  County,  New  York,  June  30,  1819;  was  a 
member  of  the  class  of  1842  of  the  University  of  Ver 
mont,  but  did  not  graduate;  adopted  the  profession 
of  the  law;  in  1850  and  1851  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1857  and  1858  to  the  State  Senate;  in 
1860  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to 
the  Thirty -seventh  Congress;  was,  for  many  years, 
engaged  in  the  banking  business;  was  President  ol 
the  Ogdensburg  and  Rouses'  Railroad  Company;  wa 
a  Delegate  to  the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention  " 
of  1867,  and  was  elected  its  President;  was  elected  to 
the  Forty-first  and  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on  Commerce  and 
the  Pacific  Railroad;  in  1876  was  elected  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  and  served  the  full  term 
of  four  years. 


WTiidden,  Benjamin  F.;  was  a  citizen  of  New 
Hampshire;  in  1862  was  appointed  a  Special  Com 
missioner  and  Consul-General  to  Hayti. 

Whipple,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  was  bred  a  physician;  served 
;he  State  of  New  Hampshire  as  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1821  to  1829.  Died  at  Wentworth, 
New  Hampshire,  January  23,  1835,  aged  fifty  years. 

Whipple,  William;  wasbornatKittery,  Maine, 
in  1730;  was  educated  at  a  common  English  school; 
commenced  active  life  as  a  sea  captain;  in  1759  set 
tled  at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  in  the  mercan 
tile  business;  in  1775  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Congress;  in  1776  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Council ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  Hampshire  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1776  to  1779,  and  was  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  in 
1777  entered  the  army;  served  with  distinction  in 
several  campaigns,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier- 
General;  in  1782  was  appointed  Financial  Receiver 
for  New  Hampshire,  serving  two  years,  when  he  re 
signed;  also  held  the  offices  of  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Quorum ;  was  a 
Commissioner  on  behalf  of  Connecticut  to  settle  the 
land  difficulties  in  Wyoming  Valley.  Died  Novem 
ber  28,  1785. 

Whitcomb,  James ;  was  born  in  1795;  removed, 
with  his  father,  to  Ohio  in  1806;  received  a  country 
school  education,  and  prepared  himself  for  college  by 
teaching  school;  graduated  at  Transylvania  Univers 
ity  with  the  highest  honors;  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  practice  in  Bloomington,  Indiana,  in  1824;  in  18:26 
was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney;  in  1830  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  served 
five  years;  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  Gen 
eral  Land  Office  in  1836;  in  1841  returned  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Terre  Haute,  Indiana;  in 
1843  was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State;  was  re-elected 
in  1846;  in  1849  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  for  the  term  ending  in  1855,  which  position  he 
held  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  New  York, 
October  4,  1852;  was  much  interested  in  the  Ameri 
can  Bible  Society,  of  which  association  he  was  Vice- 
President. 

White,  Addison;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1851  to  1853. 

White,  Albert  S. ;  was  born  at  Blooming  Grove, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  October  24,  1803;  gradu 
ated  at  Union  College  in  1822;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Newburg,  in  1825;  removed  to 
Indiana  in  1829;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1837  to  1839;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1839  to  1845;  during  his  service  in 
Congress  was  instrumental  in  securing  grants  of  land 
for  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal;  was  President  of  the 
Wabash  and  Indianapolis,  and  of  the  Lake  Erie, 
Wabash  and  St.  Louis  Railroad  Companies;  earlier  in 
life  was,  for  five  years,  Clerk  of  Jhe  Indiana  House  of 
Representatives;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Indiana  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs,  and 
Chairman  of  the  Select  Committee  on  Emancipation  j 
after  leaving  Congress,  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to  settle  certain  claims 
against  the  Sioux  Indians;  in  January,  1864,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  Indiana.  Died  in  Stockwell,  Indiana.  Sep 
teinber  4,  1864. 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


White,  Alexander ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1786  to  1788; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1789  to  1793, 
and  was  distinguished  for  his  eloquence  and  patriot 
ism;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the  Seat 
of  Government  on  the  Potomac;  was  a  Commissioner 
to  arrange  for  erecting  the  public  buildings  in  Wash 
ington.  Died  at  Woodville,  Berkeley  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1804,  aged  sixty -six  years. 

White,  Alexander ;  was  born  at  Franklin,  Ten 
nessee,  October  16,  1816;  removed  to  Alabama  when 
five  years  of  age;  was  educated  at  the  University  of- 
Tennessee;  volunteered  for  the  Creek  and  Seminole 
War  in  1836;  studied  law  with  h'.s  father,  John 
White,  late  Circuit  and  Supreme  Court  Judge  of  Ala 
bama;  practiced  the  profession  twenty-five  years; 
was  a  member  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress;  was  a 
member  of  the  Alabama  State  Convention  of  1865; 
was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1872;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to  the  Forty- 
third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary;  in  1875  was  appointed  an  Associate  Jus 
tice  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Utah. 

White,  Alexander  Caldwell ;  was  born  near 
Kittanning,  Armstrong  County,  Pennsylvania,  De 
cember  12,  1833;  his  youth  was  passed  on  a  farm,  in 
a  hard  struggle  for  a  livlihood,  his  only  school  ad 
vantages  being  those  of  the  public  schools  in  his  vi 
cinity;  he  was  more  than  ordinarily  studious,  and,  at 
the  age  of  twenty,  became  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools;  he  continued  to  teach  school  in  winter,  and 
attend  some  academy  in  the  summer,  until  he  had 
acquired  a  good  education,  his  time  during  the  spring 
and  autumn  vacations  being  occupied  with  farm 
labor  and  rafting  timber;  always  took  an  active  part 
in  politics,  and  frequently  represented  his  party  in 
County  and  State  Conventions;  in  1860  removed  to 
Jefferson  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  settled  at 
Punxsutawney,  where  he  taught  school  and  studied 
law;  in  1862  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged 
in  practice;  in  1867  was  elected  District  Attorney  of 
Jefferson  County;  in  1868  removed  to  Brookville,  the 
County  Seat;  in  1870  was  re-elected;  he  continued 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  which  he  attained 
eminence;  in  1884  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

WTiite,  Allison ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
December  21,  1816;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  practiced  that  profession  for 
twelve  years;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  the 
Fifteenth  Congressional  District  of  that  State,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures  on 
the  Public  Buildings. 

White,  Andrew  D.;  was  born  at  Homer,  New 
York,  November  7,  1832;  graduated  from  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1853;  prosecuted  his  studies  in  Europe  for 
two  years;  in  1857  was  elected  Professor  of  History 
in  the  University  of  Michigan;  in  1862  resigned  be 
cause  of  ill-health,  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  New  York  State  Senate;  was  re- 
elected  in  1864;  in  1866  became  President  of  the  Cor 
nell  University ;  in  1868  visited  Europe  in  connection 
with  his  official  duties ;  in  1871  was  one  of  the  Gov 
ernment  Commissioners  to  St.  Domingo;  in  1879  was 
appointed  United  States  Minister  to  Germany;  re 
signed  in  1882. 

White,  Bartow  W.;  was  born  in  Westchester 
County,  New  York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State  from  1825  to  1827. 


White,  Benjamin  ;  was  born  in  Maine;  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation;  during  the  years  1841  and 
1842  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1844 
to  1845. 

White,  Campbell  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was,  for  many  years,  a  prominent  merchant  in  that 
city;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1829  to  1835;  also  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  "New  York  Convention"  of  1846.  Died  February 
12,  1859,  leaving  an  exalted  reputation  for  ability 
and  sterling  qualities  of  heart  and  manners. 

White,  Chilton  A.;  was  born  at  Georgetown, 
Brown  County,  Ohio,  in  February,  1826;  studied 
law  with  General  Thomas  L.  Hamer,  under  whom  he 
served  one  year  as  a  private  soldier  in  Mexico;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848,  and  settled  in  his  native 
town  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1852  and  1853  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Brown  County;  in  1859  and 
1860  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  the  State  Legislature;, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  second  term,  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Ex 
penditures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manufacturers, 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department. 

White,  David ;  was  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Circuit  Court  of  Kentucky;  represented  that  State 
in  Congress  from  1823  to  1825.  Died  in  Frank 
lin  County,  Kentucky,  February  17,  1835,  aged  fifty 
years. 

White,  Edward  D.;  was  Governor  of  Louisiana 
from  1824  to  1830;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1829  to  1834,  and  from  1839  to  1843.  Died  in 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  April  18,  1847. 

White,  Francis  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  his  native  State,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

White,  Harry;  was  born  in  Indiana  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  12,  1834;  received  a  col 
legiate  education,  graduating  in  1854;  studied  law;, 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1855,  at  Indiana,  Penn 
sylvania;  in  1861  entered  the  Union  Army  as  a 
Major,  and  served  throughout  the  war,  attaining  the 
rank  of  Colonel  and  Brevet  Brigadier-General;  while 
in  service  was  elected  a  State  Senator,  and  served 
during  the  session  of  1862-63,  returning  to  his  com 
mand  at  the  close  of  the  session;  soon  after  his  re 
turn  was  captured  by  the  enemy  and  imprisoned  in 
Libby  Prison,  at  Richmond,  Virginia;  his  absence 
from  his  seat  in  the  Senate  made  the  vote  in  that 
body,  upon  political  questions,  a  tie,  and  unavailing 
efforts  were  made  to  secure  his  release;  he  succeeded, 
however,  in  passing  his  resignation  as  State  Senator 
through  the  lines  concealed  in  a  Testament,  thus  re 
lieving  the  complication;  escaped  from  prison  in 
1864,  and  rejoined  his  command;  was  re-elected  to 
the  State  Senate,  for  three  years,  in  1865,  again  in 
1868,  and  again  in  1871,  serving  as  Speaker  during 
the  close  of  the  latter  term;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1872;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses. 

White,  Hugh;  was  born  in  New  York  in  1799; 
followed  the  plow  and  the  other  occupations  of  a 
farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from  1845  to> 
1851.  Died  near  Troy,  New  York,  October  6,  1870. 


540 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


"White,  Hugh  Lawson  ;  was  born  in  Iredell 
County,  North  Carolina,  October  30,  1773;  removed, 
with  his  lather,  to  Kuox  County,  Tennessee,  in  1786; 
volunteered  as  a  private  soldier  during  the  Indian 
hostilities  in  1792;  in  1794  went  to  Philadelphia, 
and  pursued  a  course  of  mathematical  studies;  then 
went  to  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  and  studied  law; 
Commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Knox- 
ville,  in  1796;  in  1801  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  and  served 
until  1807;  in  1808  was  appointed  District  Attorney: 
in  1809  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  again  served 
six  years  in  the  Supreme  Court  as  Judge;  in  1815 
was  chosen  President  of  the  State  Bank  of  Tennes 
see;  in  1820  was  again  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 
and  about  that  time  was  appointed,  by  President 
Monroe,  a  Commissioner  to  adjust  the  claims  of  our 
citizens  against  Spain;  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1825  to  1835,  and  from  1836  to  1840, 
serving  on  one  occasion  as  President  pro  ton.  of  the 
Senate;  at  the  election  for  President  of  the  United 
States,  in  1836,  received  all  the  votes  (twenty-six)  of 
Georgia  and  Tennessee  for  that  office;  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  in  1839,  having  received  instruc 
tions  to  vote  against  his  own  judgment.  Died  April 
10,  1840,  soon  after  reaching  his  home,  in  Knoxville. 

"White,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee  from  1792  to  1794. 

"White,  John;  was  born  in  1805;  served  as  a 
Eepresentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1835 
to  1845;  was  Speaker  of  the  House  during  the 
Twenty-seventh  Congress;  was  Judge  of  the  Nine 
teenth  Judicial  District  of  Kentucky  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
by  suicide,  September  22,  1815.  His  talents  and  at 
tainments  were  of  a  high  order. 

"White,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Clay  County,  Ken" 
tucky,  January  16,  1849;  was  educated  at  a  private 
school,  at  Eminence  College.  Kentucky,  and  at  the 
Kentucky  University;  graduated  in  law  at  the 
Michigan  University  in  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty -fourth 
Congress;  declined  a  re-nomination;  was  Chairman 
of  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1879;  the  same 
jear  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legis 
lature;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  of  1880;  inthe  sameyearwasan  unsuccess 
ful  candidate  for  Congress;  in  1881  received  the  votes 
of  his  party  in  the  Legislature  for  United  States  Sen 
ator,  but  was  not  elected;  was  again  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Forty-seventh  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

"White,  Joseph  L.;  was  born  at  Cherry  Valley 
New  York;  studied  law  in  Utica,  and  settled  in  In- 
diana;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Indi 
ana  from  1841  to  1843;  after  leaving  Congress  settled 
in  New  York  City,  and  practiced  his  profession  with 
success;  subsequently  entered  into  an  India-rubber 
speculation,  and  while  on  a  business  visit  to  Nicar 
agua,  was  shot  by  a  drunken  man,  from  the  effects 
of  which  he  died  in  January,  1861. 

White,  Joseph  M.;  was  born  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
lemtory  of  Florida,  from  1823  to  1837.  Died  at  St 
Louis,  Missouri,  October  18,  1839,  while  on  a  visit  to 
his  brother.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and  noted 
for  his  eloquence  and  acquirements. 


White  Joseph  W.;  was  born  in  Cambridge 
Guernsey  County,,  Ohio,  October  2,  1822-  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1844;  in  1845  and  1847 


was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  native 
County;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Mileage,  and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

White,  Julius  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois:  served 
as  a  General  in  the  Volunteer  Army  during  the  Re 
bellion;  in  1872  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
the  Argentine  Confederation,  but  declined  the  posi 
tion;  in  about  six  months  thereafter,  was  again  com 
missioned  to  the  same  office,  and  went  to  South 
America;  resigned  in  1874,  after  which  he  settled  in 
Chicago,  Illinois. 

White,  Leonard;  was  born  at  Haverhill,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1767;  wns  a  fellow-student  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  and  at  Harvard  they  were  of  the  class 
of  1787;  was,  for  many  years,  Town  Clerk  and  Treas 
urer;  represented  his  town  in  the  Legislature;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from 
1811  to  1813;  was  then  appointed  Cashier  of  the  Mer- 
rimack  Bank,  which  office  he  held  until  the  infirmi 
ties  of  age  compelled  him  to  retire.  Died  at  Haver- 
hill,  October  10,  1849. 

White,  Michael  D.;  was  born  in  Clark  County, 
Ohio,  September  8,  1827;  removed,  with  bis  parents, 
to  Indiana  in  1829;  passed  his  youth  upon  a  farm; 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and  at  Wabash 
College;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  elected  Pros 
ecuting  Attorney  in  1854,  serving  two  years;  was 
State  Senator  for  four  years  from  1860;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

White,  Milo  ;  was  born  at  Fletcher,  Vermont, 
August  17,  1830;  received  a  cominon  school  educa 
tion;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  in  1845  became  a  mer 
chant's  clerk,  in  which  employment  he  remained  un 
til  18r>5,  when  he  removed  to  Chatfield,  Minnesota, 
and  engaged  in  merchandizing;  was  elected  a  State 
Senator  in  1871,  1872,  1874,  and  1880;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty -ninth  Congress. 

White,  Phillips;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
Hampshire  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1782  and 
1783. 

White,  Philo  ;  was  a  citizen  of  Wisconsin;  in 
1853  was  appointed  Charge.  <V Affaires  to  Ecuador 
and  from  1854  to  1858  held  the  position  of  Minister 
Resident. 

White,  Phineas  ;  was  born  in  Hampshire  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  in  1770;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1797;  was  Register  of  Probate  in  the  town 
of  Pomfret,  Vermont,  from  1800  to  1809;  was  County 
Attorney  in  1813;  served  eight  years  in  the  State 
Legislature;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  in  1847. 

White,  Samuel ;  was  a  United  States  Senator 
from  Delaware  from  1801  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Wilmington,  Delaware,  November  4  1809 
aged  thirty-nine  years. 

Whiteaker,  John;  was  born  in  Dearborn  Coun 
ty,  Indiana,  May  4,  1820;  passed  his  youth  upon  a 
farm,  and  acquired  an  education  by  his  own  exer 
tions;  removed  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  1849,  settling 
in  Oregon  Territory  in  1852;  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising;  was  elected  a  Judge  of  Probate  in  1855; 
?Qf  epresentative  in  the  Tutorial  Legislature  in 
1857;  Governor  of  the  new  State  of  Oregon  in  1858 
holding  that  office  until  1862;  was  elected  a  Repre 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


gentative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1866;  re-elected 
in  1868,  and  was  made  Speaker;  again  re-elected  in 
1870;  in  1872  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Equalization,  and  was  its  Chairman;  in 
1876  was  elected  Slate  Senator  for  four  years;  was 
President  of  the  Senate  in  1876  and  1878;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the  Forty -sixth  Con 
gress. 

"Whitefield,  James  ;  was  a  native  of  Georgia; 
removed  to  Mississippi  at  an  early  day;  served  as  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812;  also  in  the  Creek  War; 
was  Governor  of  Mississippi  from  1851  to  1852;  dur 
ing  the  late  Rebellion  acted  as  Funding  Agent  for  the 
Confederate  Government.  Died  at  Columbus,  Geor 
gia,  June  30,  1875,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Whitehead,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  Clifton, 
Nelson  County,  Virginia,  December  27,  1825;  at 
tended  a  grammar-school;  studied  law;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar. in  1849;  was  editor  of  an  agricultural 
newspaper;  was  appointed  Commissioner  in  Chan 
cery;  was  commissioned  Lieutenant  of  Cavalry 
in  1861;  was  elected  Captain  in  1862;  was  promoted 
to  be  Major  of  the  Second  Virginia  Cavalry  in  1865; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1865,  but  did  not 
qualify;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Virginia 
Legislature  for  Amherst  County  in  1866;  was  removed 
by  order  of  the  Military  Governor  in  1868;  was  re- 
elected  in  1869;  resigned  in  1873;  in  1872  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Education 
and  Labor. 

"Whitehill,  James ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania  in  1813  and  1814;  re 
signed  in  1814;  was  Judge  of  a  County  Court  and  a 
General  of  Militia.  Died  in  Strasburg,  Pennsylvania, 
March  5,  1822,  at  a  very  advanced  age. 

"Whitehill,  John;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803  to  1807.  Died 
in  1815,  aged  ninety-four  years. 

"Whitehill,  Robert ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1805  to  1813,  the 
year  in  which  he  died. 

"Whitehouse,  John  O.;  was  born  at  Rochester, 
New  Hampshire,  July  19,  1S17;  received  a  common 
school  education;  worked  on  a  farm;  in  1835  went  to 
the  State  of  New  York,  and  resided  at  Brooklyn  and 
Poughkeepsie;  was  a  merchant  and  manufacturer; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  New  York  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Civil  Service;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  in  December,  18<5,  was  appointed  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  Civil  Service. 

Whiteley ,  Richard  Henry ;  was  born  in  Ire 
land,  December  22,  1830;  emigrated  to  Georgia  in 
18,!6;  engaged  in  the  manufacturing  business;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1860;  was  opposed  to 
secession;  entered  the  Confederate  Army  in  1861, 
and  surrendered  in  1865;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1867;  was  appointed 
Solicitor-General  of  the  Southwestern  Circuit  in  1868; 
in  1870  was  elected  United  States  Senator  for  the 
term  ending  in  1871 ;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-first, 
Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Manufactures  and  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

Whiteley,  "William  G-.;  was  born  at  Newark, 
New  Castle  County,  Delaware  in  1819;  graduated  at 
Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  in  1838;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and  entered  upon  the 


practice  of  law  at  Wilmington,  Delaware:  was  elected 
from  Delaware  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Agricul 
ture;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  Committee,  and  also  on  the 
Special  Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious 
States;  in  1872  was  appointed  Prothonotary  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  New  Castle  County ;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conventions  of  I860 
and  1876;  in  1875  was  elected  Mayor  of  Wilmington: 
in  1884  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court. 
Died  April  23,  1886. 

"Whiteside,  Jenkins;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Tennessee,  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  Sep 
tember  24,  1822. 

"Whiteside,  John  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1815  to  1819. 

Whitefleld,  J.  "W.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Kansas  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

Whitfleld,  James ;  was  Governor  of  Missis 
sippi  in  1851  and  1852. 

"Whiting-,  George  O.;  was  born  in  Fauquier 
County,  Virginia,  December  29,  1816;  soon  after  re 
ceiving  a  good  education,  went,  with  his  father,  to 
Washington;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  clerk  in  the 
General  Land  Office;  was  made  Chief  Clerk  of  that 
office,  and  held  the  office  several  years;  in  1857  was 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  and  continued 
in  the  position  until  1861;  was  subsequently  a  Gen 
eral  Adviser  and  Assistant  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  Department,  where  his  long  experience  in, 
public  affairs  made  him  eminently  useful  to  the  Gov 
ernment;  was  a  popular  and  highly  capable  officer, 
and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
having  been,  for  eight  years,  Grand  Master  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  Died  in  Washington,  Septem 
ber  4,  1867. 

"Whiting,  Richard  H.;  was  born  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  January  7,  1826;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1848;  en 
gaged  in  business  as  a  merchant;  served  as  Paymas 
ter  in  the  Federal  Army  during  the  Civil  War;  in 
1870  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  Assessor, 
and  upon  the  consolidation  of  the  offices,  Collector  of 
the  Fifth  Collection  District  of  Illinois,  which  posi 
tion  he  held  until  elected  a  Representative  from  Illi 
nois  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Whiting-,  "William  ;  was  born  at  Dudley,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  24,  1841;  graduated  from  the  Holy- 
oke  (Mass.)  High  School  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and 
began,  at  once,  his  business  career  as  book-keeper  for 
the  Holyoke  Paper  Company;  in  1865  organized  the 
Whiting  Pa-vi;-  Company,  and  took  charge  of  its 
business;  became  President  of  the  Holyoke  National 
Bank 'in  1872;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1873,  and  de 
clined  a  re-nomination;  was  City  Treasurer  of  Holy 
oke  in  1876  and  1877,  and  Mayor  in  1877  and  1878; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  1876;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Mas 
sachusetts  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

"Whitman,  Ezekiel ;  was  born  at  East  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts,  March  11,  1776;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1795;  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  the 
District  of  Maine  in  1798;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas  and  also  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Maine,  presiding  as  such  for  twenty-five  years;  waa 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts 


542 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


from  1809  to  1811,  and  from  1817  to  1821;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1&2L  to  1823 
•was  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  of  Maine  in 
1815  and  18lt>;  in  1819  was  a  member  of  the  Conyen 
tion  to  frame  a  Constitution  for  the  State  of  Maine 
Died  at  East  Bridge  water,  Massachusetts,  August  1 
1866. 

Whitman,  Lemuel;  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College  in  1800;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut  from  1823  to  1824.  Died  at  Farm- 
ington,  November  18,  1841. 

WTiitmore,  George  W.;  was  born  in  McMinn 
County,  Tennessee,  August  26,  1824:  received  a  good 
education;  removed  to  Texas  in  1848;  studied  and 
practiced  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  House  ot 
Representatives  in  1852,  1853,  and  1858;  Avas  impris 
oned  by  the  Confederate  authorities  on  account  of  his 
political  sentiments,  arid  kept  in  prison  until  a  board 
of  surgeons  pronounced  his  release  necessary;  in  18(J6 
was  appointed  Attorney  of  the  Ninth  District;  was 
appointed  Register  in  Bankruptcy  in  1867 ;  wa 
elected  a  Representative  from  Texas  to  the  Forty- 
first  Congress. 

"Whitney,  Thomas  R.;  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  18U4;  served  two  years  in  the  Assembly  ol 
that  State;  devoted  much  of  his  life  to  literary  pur 
suits,  having  been  at  one  time  editor  of  the  New  York 
Sunday  News;  was  the  author  of  a  poem  called  the 
"Ambuscade,"  and  a  political  work  entitled  "The 
American  Policy  Vindicated  ";  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1855  to  1857.  Died 
April  12,  1858. 

"Whitney,  William  O.;  was  born  at  Conway, 
Massachusetts,  July  15,  1841 ;  after  graduating  from 
Williston  Seminary,  at  Easthampton,  Massachusetts, 
entered  Yale  College  in  1859;  entered  the  Law  School 
of  Harvard  University,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  18G5;  continued  the  study  of  law  in  the  ofBce  of 
Hon.  Abraham  R.  Lawrence,  in  New  York  City;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  New  York;  in  1872  was  appointed  Inspector 
of  Schools  in  the  City  of  New  York;  the  same  year 
was  defeated,  as  the  candidate  of  the  Reform  Democ 
racy,  for  District  Attorney  of  New  York;  in  August, 
1875,  was  appointed  Corporation  Counsel  of  the  City 
of  New  York;  was  re-appointed  in  1876  and  1880;  re 
signed  in  1882,  after  seven  years'  service;  in  March, 
1885,  became  Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  the  Cabinet  of 
President  Cleveland. 

Whitson,  W.  O.;  was  born  in  Indiana;  emi 
grated  to  Lewiston,  Idaho;  in  1874  was  appointed  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
for  the  Territory  of  Idaho.  Died  at  Omaha,  Nebraska 
December  25,  1875. 

Whittaker,  John;  was  the  first  Governor  of 
Oregon  after  it  became  a  State,  serving  as  such  from 
1859  to  1862. 

Whittemore,  Benjamin  P.;  waa  born  at 
Maiden,  Massachusetts,  in  1824;  received  an  academic 
education;  during  his  youth  was  employed  in  a 
manufacturing  establishment  belonging  to  his  father- 
on  becoming  of  age  traveled  extensively  in  Europe 
and  South  America,  as  well  as  California;  subse 
quently  became  a  minister  in  the  Methodist  Church- 
served  as  a  Chaplain  in  the  army  during  the  Rebel 
lion;  after  the  war  settled  himself  in  South  Carolina, 
and  identified  himself  with  the  educational  interests 
of  the  State;  was  Chairman  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee;  wus  a  Delegate  to  the  new  State  "  Con 
stitutional  Convention"  of  1867;  was  the  founder 


and  editor,  of  the  New  Era,  published  at  Darlington, 
South  Carolina;  was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  South  Caro 
lina  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Education  and  Labor;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Reconstruction. 

Whittemore,  Elias  ;  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  18:25  to  1827. 

Whitthorne,  Washington  O.;  was  born  in 
Marshall  County,  Tennessee,  April  19,  1825;  gradu 
ated  at  the  East  Tennessee  University  in  18415; 
studied  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  for 
four  years;  in  1859  was  elected  to  the  Lower  House 
of  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee,  and  made  presiding 
officer;  was  Assistant  Adjutant-General  in  the  Pn> 
visional  Army  of  Tennessee  in  1861 ;  was  afterwards 
Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  which  position  he  held 
until  the  close  of  the  war;  his  disabilities  were  re 
moved  by  Act  of  Congress,  approved  in  1870;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty- 
second,  Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses;  in 
December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Con 
gresses;  in  April,  1886,  was  appointed  a  United  States 
Senator,  for  the  unexpired  term  of  Howell  E.  Jack 
son,  resigned,  serving  until  March  3,  1887. 

Whittlesey,  Elisha  ;  was  born  in  Washington, 
Connecticut,  October  19,  1783;  passed  a  part  of  his 
boyhood  on  a  farm;  received  an  academic  education; 
studied  law;  in  1806  removed  to  the  Western  Reserve 
of  Ohio;  served  in  the  War  of  1812  as  Aid-de-camp  to 
General  E.  Wadsworth;  was,  for  sixteen  years,  a 
Prosecuting  Attorney;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
in  1820  and  1821;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1823  to  1839;  was  appointed,  by  President  Har 
rison,  Auditor  for  the  Post  Office  Department;  was 
appointed,  by  President  Taylor,  First  Comptroller  of 
the  Treasury,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold  until 
the  accession  of  President  Buchanan;  was  again  ap 
pointed  to  the  same  position,  by  President  Lincoln, 
in  1861.  Died  in  Washington,  January  7,  1863. 

Whittlesey,  Frederick  ;  was  born  at  Washing 
ton,  Connecticut,  in  June,  1799;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1818;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Utica,  New  York,  in  1821;  settled  in 
Rochester,  New  York,  in  1822;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1831  to  1835;  in  1839  was  chosen 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District  of 
New  York,  and  retained  the  office  eight  years;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  in  1850  was 
elected  Professor  of  Law  in  Genesee  College.  Died 
at  Rochester,  New  York,  September  19,  1851. 

Whittlesey,  Thomas  T.;  was  born  in  Connec 
ticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  his  native  State  from 
1836  to  1839. 

_  Whittlesey,  William  A.;  was  born  in  Connec- 
:icut;  graduated  at  Yale  College;  studied  law,  and 
=ettled  in  practice  in  Ohio;  was  a  representative  in 
Congress  irom  that  State  from  1849  to  1851. 

Whyte,  William  Pinkney;  was  born  at 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1824;  received  a  classical 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  gradu 
ated  at  the  Law  Department  of  Harvard  University 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  in  1847  was  elected  to 
he  Maryland  House  of  Delegates;  in  1853  was  elected 
state  Comptroller;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "New  York 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


543 


National  Convention  "  of  1868,  and  soon  afterwards 
•was  appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  Keverdy  Johnson,  resigned;  served  or 
the  Committees  on  Public  Buildings  and  Ground^ 
and  Mines  and  Mining;  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate 
for  the  term  commencing  in  1875  and  ending  in  1881 
in  the  latter  year  was  elected  Mayor  of  Baltimore. 

"Wick,  "William  W.;  was  born  at  Canonsburg, 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  23, 
1796;  received  a  classical  education,  and  was  pursu 
ing  a  collegiate  course  when  the  death  of  his  father 
threw  him  upon  his  own  resources;  then  followed  tlie 
occupation  of  a  teacher,  and  devoted  his  leisure 
hours  to  the  study  of  medicine  until  1818,  when  he 
was  induced  to  adopt  the  law  as  his  profession;  pros 
ecuted  his  studies  with  the  Hon.  Thomas  Corwin; 
located  for  practice  in  Fayette  County,  Indiana,  in 
1820;  was,  in  that  year,  Assistant  Clerk  of  the  Indi 
ana  House  of  Representatives,  and  in  1821  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  State  Senate;  in  1822  was  chosen 
President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit  of  In 
diana;  in  1825  became  Secretary  of  State;  in  1829 
was  Attorney  for  the  State  in  the  Fifth  Judicial  Cir 
cuit,  from  which  office  he  retired  in  1831;  was  Presi 
dent  Judge  for  three  years;  in  1839  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Indiana;  was  again 
in  Congress  in  1845  and  1847;  in  1850  was  again  cho 
sen  President  Judge;  from  1853  to  1857  was  Postmas 
ter  at  Indianapolis;  served  in  the  Militia  of  the  State 
as  Brigadier-General,  Quartermaster,  and  Adjutant- 
General;  in  1857  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion.  Died  in  Franklin  County,  May  19,  18G8. 

Wickersham,  James  P.;  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  5,  1825;  removed  to 
Lancaster  County  in  1815;  received  the  degree  of  A. 
M.  from  Washington  College  and  that  of  LL.  D.  from 
Lafayette  College;  was,  successively,  Principal  of 
Marietta  Academy,  Pennsylvania;  County  Superin 
tendent  of  Schools  in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsyl 
vania;  Principal  of  the  State  Normal  School,  at  Mil- 
lersville,  and  from  186(5  to  1831,  State  Superintend 
ent  of  Public  Instruction;  in  1853  was  President  of 
the  Lancaster  County  Educational  Association;  in 
1855  became  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Teachers'  Association;  in  1865  was  made  President  of 
the  National  Educational  Association,  and  subse 
quently  of  the  National  Superintendents'  Associa 
tion;  was  the  author  of  several  books  on  education, 
.-ome  of  which  have  been  translated  into  a  number 
of  foreign  languages;  in  1882  was  appointed,  by  Pres 
ident  Arthur,  United  States  Minister  to  Denmark; 
after  spending  the  summer  at  Copenhagen,  resigned 
the  position  on  account  of  ill-health;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1884. 

Wickes,  Eliphalet ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1805  to  1807. 

Wickliffe,  Charles  A.;  was  born  in  Bardstown, 
Kentucky,  June  8,  1788;  was  educated  at  the  Bards- 
town  grammar  school;  studied  law,  and  attained  a 
high  position  at  the  bar;  in  1812  was  appointed  Aid- 
de-camp  to  General  Winlock;  during  the  same  year, 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature;  was  re-elected 
in  1813;  was  at  the  battle  of  the  Thames  as  Aid  to 
General  Caldwell,  after  which  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  where  he  continued  until  elected  a 
Representative  from  Kentucky  to  Congress  in  1823; 
was  four  times  re-elected;  was,  for  several  sessions, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands;  on  his 
retirement  from  Congress,  in  1833,  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker  in  1834;  in  1836 
was  elected  Lieuteuant-Governor  of  Kentucky;  on 
he  death  of  Governor  Clark,  in  1839,  became  Acting 


Governor;  in  1841  was  appointed,  by  President  Ty« 
ler,  Postmaster-General;  in  1845  was  sent,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk,  on  a  secret  mission  to  Texas,  in  connec 
tion  with  its  annexation  to  the  United  States;  in  1849 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  called  to  Revise  the 
State  Constitution;  in  1861  again  became  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Kentucky,  having  pre 
viously  occupied  a  seat  in  the  "Peace  Convention" 
of  February  in  that  year,  and  served  to  the  close  of 
the  Thirty-seventh  Congress ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Chicago  Convention"  of  1866;  in  1869,  after  prac 
ticing  law  for  fifty-eight  years,  and  when  blind,  he 
delivered  his  last  legal  argument.  Died  in  Mary 
land,  October  31,  1869. 

"Wickliffe,  Robert,  Jr.;  was  a  citizen  of  Ken 
tucky;  in  1843  was  appointed  Charge  d' 'Affaires  to 
Sardinia,  where  he  remained  until  1848.  Died  in 
Kentucky,  August  29,  1850. 

"Wickliffe,  Robert  C.;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
removed  to  Louisiana;  was  Governor  of  that  State 
from  1858  to  1860. 

"Widg-ery,  William ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1753;  was  Lieutenant  of  a  Priva 
teer  in  the  Revolutionary  War;  served  in  the  Massa 
chusetts  Legislature  in  1789,  171)1,  1793,  1794,  and 
1797;  was  a  State  Councilor  in  1806  and  1807;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1811  to  1813;  was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas  from  1813  to  1822.  Died  in  Boston, 
August  7,  1822. 

"Wigt'all,  Lewis  T. ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Texas,  from  1859  until  that  State  seceded,  when 
he  became  identified  with  the  great  Rebellion  as  a 
Brigadier-General;  was  expelled  from  the  Senate  in 
July,  18ol;  after  the  war  settled  in  London,  En- 
land.  Declined,  by  letter,  to  give  the  author  any 
information. 

"Wigginton,  Peter  D.;  was  born  in  Springfield, 
[llinois,  September  6,  1839;  received  a  common 
school  education;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Wisconsin;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in 
1860;  removed  to  California;  in  1864  was  elected 
District  Attorney  for  Merced  Cdnnty,  in  that  State; 
.n  1875  was  elected  a  Representative  from  California 
x>  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Wike,  Scott;  was  born  at  Meachille,  Crawford 
bounty,  Pennsylvania,  April  6,  1824;  removed,  with 
lia  parents,  to  Quincy,  Illinois,  in  1833,  and  to  Pike 
bounty,  in  that  State,  in  1844;  entered  Lombard 
University  in  1854,  and  graduated  in  the  Scientific 
Department  in  1857;  studied  law  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity;  graduated,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
L859;  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Pittsfield, 
[llinois;  in  1862  was  elected  to  the  Legislature;  was 
re-elected  in  1864,  serving  until  1867;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty - 
burth  Congress. 

Wilber,  David ;  was  born  in  Schenectady  County, 
tfew  York,  October  5,  1820;  received  a  common 
school  education;  worked  as  a  farm  laborer;  culti 
vated  land  on  shares;  became  the  owner  of  real 
jstate,  and  was  interested  in  the  lumber  trade  and  in 
arming;  was,  for  [several  years,  interested  in  the 
Second  National  Bank  at  Cooperstown,  and  the  bank 
at  Oneonta;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the 
ommittee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  also  elected 
o  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 


544 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Wilbur,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  Rhode  Island;  was, 
for  many  years,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State;  in  1806  was  Acting  Governor;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

"Wilcox,  Jeduthun ;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1769;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1813  to  1817.  Died  at  Oxford,  New  Hampshire,  in 
July,  1838. 

"Wilcox,  John  A.;  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
removed  to  Mississippi;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1851  to  1853. 

Wilcox,  Leonard. ;  was  a  native  of  New  Hamp 
shire;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1817;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
New  Hampshire  during  the  years  1842  and  1843. 
Died  in  1850,  aged  fifty  years. 

Wilde,  Richard  Henry ;  was  born  in  the  City 
of  Dublin,  Ireland,  September  24.  1789;  his  child 
hood  was  passed  in  Baltimore,  Maryland ;  his  father 
having  died,  he  obtained  the  rudiments  of  learning 
from  his  mother  and  a  private  tutor,  and  in  his 
eleventh  year  was  placed  as  a  clerk  in  a  store;  in 
1802  went,  with  his  mother,  to  Augusta,  Georgia; 
obtained  a  livelihood  by  merchandising,  in  a  small 
way,  devoting  all  his  leisure  to  books;  under  many 
difficulties,  studied  law;  practiced  with  success;  also 
devoted  himself  to  polite  literature;  as  an  Advocate, 
rose  to  eminence;  was  made  Attorney-General  of 
Georgia;  in  1815  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State;  was  again  elected  in  1823, 
and  again  in  1827,  serving  with  marked  ability  until 
1835:  after  leaving  Congress,  visited  Europe,  and  on 
his  return  devoted  himself  to  literature,  politics,  and 
law;  in  1843  removed  to  New  Orleans,  Louisiana, 
where  he  added  to  his  reputation  as  a  lawyer,  and 
was  elected  Professor  of  Constitutional  Law  in  the 
University  of  Louisiana;  one  of  his  lyrics,  entitled 
"My  Life  is  Like  a  Summer  Rose,  '  attracted  the 
praise  of  Lord  Byron;  his  literary  productions  were 
quite  numerous,  and  they  all  bear  the  impress  of  a 
gifted  and  highly  educated  inind;  his  principal  work 
was  a  "  Life  of  Tasso>"  which  evinced  his  familiarity 
with  Italian  literature,  and  gave  him  a  rank  among 
the  best  scholars.  Died  in  New  Orleans,  September 
10,  1847. 

Wilder,  A.  Carter ;  was  born  in  Mendon,  Wor- 
chester  County,  Massachusetts,  March  18,  1828;  in 
1850  removed  to  Rochester,  New  York,  and  in  1857 
to  Kansas,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  "Chicago  Convention"  in 
1860;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Kansas  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
"Baltimore  Convention"  of  1864.  Died  in  San 
Francisco,  California,  December  23,  1875. 

Wildman,  Zalmon  ;  was  a  native  of  Danbury, 
Connecticut;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State  from  1835  to  1836.  Died  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  December  10, 
1835,  before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

Wildrick,  Isaac ;  was  born  in  New  Jersey;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1849  to  1853. 

Wiley,  James  S.|  was  born  in  Maine;  gradu 
ated  at  Waterville  College  in  1836;  studied  law;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1«47 
to  1849. 


Wilkin,  James  W.;  was  born  in  1762;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1785;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  New  York  in  1800;  held  many 
other  places  in  the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1815  to  1819.  Died 
at  Goshen,  New  York,  February  23,  1845. 

Wilkin,  Samuel  J.;  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1790;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1812;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly,  from  Orange  County, 
in  1824  and  1825;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  New  York  from  1831  to  1833;  was  the  Whig 
candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  on  the  ticket  with 
Millard  Fillmore.  Died  in  Goshen,  Orange  County, 
New  York,  March  11,  1866. 

Wilkins,  Beriah ;  was  born  in  Union  County. 
Ohio,  July,  10,  1846;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  at  Marysville,  Ohio;  was  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  pursuits  at  that  place  until  18«8;  then  be 
came  Cashier  and  General  Manager  of  the  Farmers' 
and  Merchants'  (now)  National  Bank  at  Urichsville, 
Ohio;  held  several  minor  offices  in  the  village;  was 
elected  a  State  Senator  in  187');  was  a  member  of  the 
Democratic  State  Central  Committee  in  1882;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Fony- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

"Wilkins,  Ross  ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
educated  for  the  bar  in  that  State;  removed  to  the 
West  at  an  early  day,  with  a  commission  in  his  pocket, 
from  President  Jackson,  as  a  Federal  Judge  for  the 
Territory  of  Michigan;  in  18:57,  and  on  several  sub 
sequent  occasions,  was  appointed  a  Regent  of  the 
State  University;  aside  from  exerting  much  influence 
in  his  judicial  capacity,  always  took  an  interest  in 
the  public  affairs  of  the  State;  presided  over  the  first 
war-meeting  held  in  Detroit  after  the  commencement 
of  the  Rebellion;  was,  for  a  great  many  years.  aCircuit 
fudge,  remaining  in  office  until  the  summer  of  1870, 
when  he  voluntarily  retired  from  the  Bench;  con 
tinued  to  reside  in  the  City  of  Detroit. 

Wilkins,  William  ;  was  born  in  1779;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to 
1834;  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Russia  in  1834;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1843  to  1844;  in  1844  and  1845  was  Secretary 
of  War  under  President  Tyler;  subsequently  held 
the  office  of  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  Western  Pennsylvania.  Died  near  Pitts 
burgh,  June  23,  1865. 

Wilkinson,  James  ;  was  born  near  Benedict, 
Maryland,  in  1757;  studied  at  the  Medical  School  of 
Philadelphia  in  1773;  entered  the  Revolutionary 
Army  after  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill;  was  made 
Captain  by  General  Washington  in  1776,  and  served 
under  Arnold  in  the  Northern  Army;  became  Briga 
dier-General,  and  bore  to  Congress  the  announce 
ment  of  Burgoyne's  surrender;  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  Board  of  War,  but  being  implicated  in 
the  Con  way  Cabal,  resigned  that  position  and  was 
appointed  Clothier-General  to  the  Army;  after  the 
war  settled  in  Lexington,  Kentucky,  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits;  in  1791  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  an  expedition  on  the  Wabash;  in  1792 
commanded  the  right  wing  of  Wayne's  Army;  re 
ceived  Louisiana  from  the  French  in  1803,  as  joint 
Commissioner  with  Olaiborne;  was  Governor  of  Louis 
iana  Territory  from  1805  to  1807;  was  General-in- 
Chief  of  the  Army,  and  remained  at  the  head  of  the 
Southern  Department  until  cotart-martialed  in  1811; 
was  honorably  acquitted;  in  1812  was  appointed 
Brevet  Major-General;  in  1813  became  Major-Gen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


>45 


era!,  and,  after  effective  service  at  Mobile,  was 
ordered  to  the  northern  frontier;  his  service  in  Can 
ada  was  unsuccessful  because  of  disagreement  with 
General  Wade  Hampton,  and  he  was  again  court- 
martialed  and  acquitted ;  after  the  war  removed  to 
Mexico,  where  he  purchased  large  estates.  Died 
near  the  City  of  Mexico,  December  28,  1825. 

"Wilkinson,  Morton  S.;  was  born  at  Skaneat- 
eles,  Onoudaga  County,  New  York,  January  22, 
1819;  received  an  academic  education,  working  occa 
sionally  upon  his  father's  farm;  in  1837  removed  to 
Illinois;  for  two  years  was  employed  upon  the  rail 
road  works,  then  commenced  in  that  State;  returned 
to  his  native  town;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  after  which  he  again  removed  to  the  West, 
and  settled  at  Eaton  Rapids,  in  Michigan;  in  1847 
settled  in  Minnesota;  in  1849,  when  that  Territory 
was  organized,  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
the  laws  adopted  by  the  Territory  as  its  code  were 
of  his  draughting;  in  1859  was  chosen  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Minnesota  for  the  term  ending  in  1865, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Claims,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  "Bal 
timore  Convention  "  of  1864,  and  to  the  Philadelphia 
'Loyalists'  Convention"  of  1866;  was  subsequently 
elected  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  as  a  Representa 
tive  from  Minnesota,  serving  on  the  Committeeg  on 
Foreign  Affairs  and  on  the  Ninth  Census. 

Willard,  Ashbel  P.;  was  Governor  of  Indiana 
from  1857  until  his  death,  in  1861. 

"Willard,  Charles  W.;  was  born  at  Lyndon, 
Caledonia  County,  Vermont,  June  18.  1827;  gradu-  j 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1851;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  at  Montpelier  in  1853;  was 
elected  Secretary  of  State  in  1855,  and  declined  a 
re-election;  was  elected  a  State  Senator  in  18J50;  in 
1861  became  the  editor  of  the  Green  Mountain  Free 
man;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ver 
mont  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Foreign  Affairs  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Revolu 
tionary  Pensions  and  War  of  1812. 

"Willard,  George ;  was  born  in  Bolton,  Ver 
mont,  March  20,  1824;  received  a  liberal  education; 
removed  to  Michigan;  was,  for  two  years,  a  Professor 
in  Kalamazoo  College;  was  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Battle  Creek  Journal;  was  a  member  of  the  Mich 
igan  Board  of  Education  from  1857  to  1863;  was 
made  Regent  of  the  University  of  Michigan  in  1863; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  in  1872;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-third  and  Forty-fourth 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Coinage, 
Weights,  and  Measures  and  Civil  Service. 

"Willey,  Calvin;  was  born  at  East  Haddam, 
Connecticut,  September  15.  1776;  read  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1798;  served  in  the  State  Leg 
islature  and  Senate  a  number  of  years;  was  Post 
master  at  Stafford  Springs  eight  years;  was  a  Judge 
oi  Probate  for  seven  years;  in  1824  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1825  to 
18.51.  Died  at  Stafford,  Connecticut,  August  23. 
1858. 

"Willey,  "Waitman  T.;  was  born  in  the  valley 
of  Buffalo  Creek,  Monongalia  County,  Virginia,  Oc 
tober  18,  1811;  received  a  common  school  education; 
graduated  at  Madison  College  in  1831;  studied  law, 
t»nd  came  to  the  bar  in  1833;  in  1841  was  elected 

35 


Clerk  of  the  Monongalia  County  Court;  was  subse 
quently  elected  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  holding 
the  two  positions,  in  all,  fourteen  years;  in  1850  was 
elected  to  the  Convention  to  Reform  the  Constitution 
of  Virginia;  in  1853  delivered  a  series  of  lectures  on 
Methodism,  acted  with  various  local  societies,  lec 
tured  on  various  topics,  and  wrote  for 'the  reviews; 
in  1858  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  National  Convention" 
of  that  year;  in  the  winter  of  1860  and  1861  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  "Richmond  Convention";  in  1861 
was  elected,  by  the  reorganized  Legislature  of  Vir 
ginia,  a  Senator  in  Congress;  at  the  close  of  that 
year  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Wheeling  "Constitutional 
Convention  ";  in  1863  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  West  Virginia,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Naval  Affairs,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  En 
grossed  Bills;  in  1863  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  Allegheny  College,  Pennsylvania; 
in  1864  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1865  and  ending  in  1871,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Patents  and  the 
Patent  Office,  and  also  of  that  on  Claims;  was  also  a 
Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Conven 
tion"  of  1866. 

Williams,  Alpheus  S.;  was  born  at  Sajbrook, 
Connecticut,  September  20,  1810;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1831;  then  traveled  in  Europe  two  years; 
settled  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1836,  and  there  prac 
ticed  law;  from  1840  to  1844  was  Judge  of  Probate 
for  Wayne  County;  was  Recorder  of  the  City  of  De 
troit;  from  1843  to  1847  was  proprietor,  and  editor, 
of  the  Detroit  Daily  Advertiser;  served  through  the 
Mexican  War  as  Lieutenant-Colonel;  in  1849  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Taylor,  Postmaster  of  Detroit; 
when  the  Civil  War  began,  was  made  Major-General 
of  Militia,  and  was  President  of  the  State  Military 
Board;  was  subsequently  appointed  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  National  Army,  and  performed  much 
service  on  the  i:pper  Potomac;  had  command  of  a  Di 
vision  at  Winchester;  was  at  Cedar  Mountain  and 
Manassas;  after  the  battle  of  South  Mountain  suc 
ceeded  General  N.  P.  Banks  as  Corps  Commander; 
commanded  the  Twelfth  Corps  at  Antietam;  was  in 
the  battles  of  Chancellorville  and  Gettysburg,  and 
went  through  the  Atlanta  campaign;  while  with 
Sherman,  in  the  "  March  to  the  Sea,"  was  bre vetted 
a  Major-General,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services; 
was  afterwards  on  duty  in  Arkansas;  was  mustered 
out  in  1866;  was  a  Commissioner  to  settle  Military 
Claims  for  Missouri;  from  1866  to  1869  was  Minister 
Resident  to  San  Salvador;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 
Died  December  21,  1878. 

Williams,  Andrew ;  was  born  in  Canada, 
August  27,  1828;  received  a  common  school  educa 
tion;  began  business  as  a  manufacturer  of  bloom 
iron  in  1855,  in  which  he  became  largely  engaged; 
was  a  Director  in  the  New  York  and  Canada  Rail 
road;  ne\\r  held  any  public  office  until  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-fourth  Con 
gress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Williams,  Archibald;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
settled  in  Illinois;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  for  the  District  of  Kansas,  re 
siding  at  Topeka. 

Williams,  Benjamin ;  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina;  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution;  was  u 
member  of  Congress  from  1793  to  1795;  also  served 
many  years  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  twice 
elected  Governor  of  North  Carolina — in  1799  and 
1807.  Died  in  Moore  County,  North  Carolina. 


546 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Williams,  Charles  G-.;  was  born  at  Royalton, 
New  York,  October  18,  1829;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  studied  law  at  Rochester;  removed  to  Wiscon 
sin  in  185(5.  and  practiced  his  profession;  was  a  Pres 
idential  Elector  in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate  for  two  years,  and  chosen  President  pro  tern.;  in 
1870  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Committee  to 
inspect  the  various  charitable  and  penal  institutions 
of  the  State;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-lifth, 
Forty-sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses;  in  March, 
1883,  was  appointed  Register  of  a  Land  District  in 
Southern  Dakota;  as  Chairman  of  the  C  unnrittee  on 
Foreign  Affairs  in  the  Forty -seventh  Congress,  he  se 
cured  the  passage  of  a  measure  for  the  return,  to 
Japan,  of  the  historical  fund  known  as  the  Japanese 
Indemnity  Fund,  which  had,  for  twenty  years,  been 
A  serious  drawback  to  the  friendly  relations  of  the 
two  countries;  his  appeal  to  the  House  in  behalf  of 
this  measure  was  one  of  the  most  eloquent  addresses 
delivered  in  that  body  for  many  years,  and  resulted 
in  the  passage  of  the  bill  by  the  unanimous  vote  of 
the  House,  amid  great  applause  from  the  members; 
the  amount  involved  was  $2,000.000. 

Williams,  Charles  Kilbourne ;  was  born  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  January  24,  1782;  gradu 
ated  at  Williams  College  in  1800;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  in  Rutland  County,  Vermont;  in  1812  served 
during  one  campaign  on  the  Northern  frontier;  be 
tween  1809  and  1821  was  several  times  Representa 
tive,  and  again  in  1849;  was  State's  Attorney  in  1814 
and  1815;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  from 
1822  to  1824,  and  from  1829  to  1842;  was  Collector  of 
Customs  for  the  District  of  Vermont  from  1825  to 
1829;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Middlebury 
College  in  1834;  was  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Vermont  from  1843  to  1846,  and  ex-officio 
Chancellor  of  the  State;  was  President  of  the  Coun 
cil  of  Censors  in  1847;  was  Governor  of  Vermont 
from  1850  to  1852.  Died  at  Eutland,  Vermont. 
March  9,  1853. 

Williams,  Christopher  H.;  was  born  in  Ten 
nessee;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1837  to  1843,  and  again  from  1849  to 
1853. 

Williams,  David  R. ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1805  to  1809,  and 
again  from  1811  to  1813,  in  which  year  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  a  Brigadier-General; 
was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1814  to  1816. 

Williams,  George  H.;  was  born  in  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  March  23,  1823;  received  an  aca 
demic  education  in  Onondaga  County;  studied  law 
nad  on  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  1844,  imme 
diately  emigrated  to  Iowa;  in  1847  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  First  Judicial  District  of  that  State;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  in  1853  received,  from 
President  Pierce,  the  appointment  of  Chief  Justice  of 
t'.ie  Territory  of  Oregon;  was  re-appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Buchanan,  in  1857,  but  resigned;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  "  Constitutional  Convention  "  which  pre 
ceded  the  formation  of  a  State  Government;  in  1864 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Oregon  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1865,  and  ending  in  1771,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  on  Claims, 
on  Private  Land  Claims,  on  Finance,  and  on  the  Spe 
cial  Committees  on  the  Rebellious  States  and  Re 
trenchment,  and  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on 
the  Expenses  of  the  Senate  and  Private  Land  Claims- 
was  also  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  to 
accompany  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln  to  Illi 


nois;  in  1871  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Com 
mission  to  settle  the  Alabama  Claims;  in  1872  went 
into  President  Grant's  Cabinet  as  Attorney-General; 
in  1873  was  nominated  for  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court,  but  his  name  was 
withdrawn ;  resigned  in  May,  1875,  and  resumed  the, 
practice  of  his  profession. 

Williams,  Henry;  was  born  in  Taunton,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  November,  1804;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  the  law;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1839  to  1841,  and  from  1843 
to  1845;  was  a  State  Senator  for  two  years;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  for  three 
years. 

Williams,  Hezekiah  ;  was  born  at  Woodstock, 
Windsor  County,  Vermont,  in  1798;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1820;  studied  law;  was  Regis 
ter  of  Probate  from  1824  to  1838;  was  a  State  Sena 
tor  from  1839  to  1841;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Maine  from  1845  to  1849.  Died  October 
24,  1856. 

Williams,  Isaac,  Jr.;    was  a  native  of    New 
York;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1813  to  1815,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  i 
from  1823  to  1825. 

Williams,  James  ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  August  4,  1825;  attended  school  in 
that  city;  settled  in  Delaware,  as  a  farmer,  in  1814; 
in  1856  and  1862  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1866  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was 
made  Speaker  of  the  Senate  in  1869:  was  a  member 
of  the  Baltimore  Convention  of  1872;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Delaware  to  the  Forty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Williams,  James  D.;  was  born  in  Pickaway 
County,  Ohio,  Januarys,  1808;  removed,  with  his 
parents,  to  Knox  County,  Indiana,  in  1818;  received  j 
a  common  school  education,  and  engaged  in  the  busi-  ' 
ness  of  farming  and  stock-raising;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1843,  1847,  1851,  1856,  and  1868; 
was  elected  State  Senator  in  1858,  and  served  four 
years;  was  re-elected  in  1862  for  four  years,  and  again 
elected  in  1870;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  for  seventeen  years,  serving  four  years  of 
the  time  as  President;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress; 
in  December,  1875,  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Accounts;  in  1876  was  elected  Gov 
ernor  of  Indiana  for  the  term  of  four  years  from  Jan 
uary,  1877.  Died  November  20,  1880. 

Williams,  James  W.;  was  a  native  of  Mary 
land;  was,  for  many  years,  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  that  State,  being  for  a  time  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Delegates  in  1839;  in  May,  1841,  was 
elected  to  Congress  as  a  Representative,  and  con 
tinued  a  member  of  that  body  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  December,  1842;  when  on  his  way  to  Wash 
ington,  December  2,  1843,  was  stricken  with  paraly 
sis,  while  in  his  carriage,  and  survived  the  attack 
but  a  short  time.  His  age  was  about  fifty-five  years. 

Williams,  Jared;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  March  4,  1766;  in  1811  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia,  and 
served  a  number  of  years;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1819  to  1825;  in  1829 
was  a  Presidential  Elector,  voting  for  General  Jack 
son,  and  was  appointed,  by  the  Electoral  College,  to 
convey  the  certificate  of  the  vote  to  Washington; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


547 


when  not  in  public  life,  was  devoted  to  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture.  Died  in  Frederick  County,  Virginia, 
January  2,  1831. 

Williams,  Jared  W.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1818;  set 
tled  in  Lancaster  as  a  lawyer;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1837  to  1841;  was  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  from  1847  to  1849;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1853  to  1854,  by  appointment,  in  place  of 
C.  G.  Atherton,  deceased;  served  several  terms  in  the 
State  Legislature.  Died  in  Lancaster,  New  Hamp 
shire,  September  29,  1864. 

"Williams,  Jeremiah  N.;  was  born  in  Barbour 
County,  Alabama,  in  April,  1829;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  South  Carolina;  studied  law  and  adopted 
the  profession;  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a 
Major,  but  ill-health  forced  him  to  retire;  in  1872 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  but  was  not  permitted 
to  take  his  seat;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Alabama  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

"Williams,  John ;  was  born  in  Hanover  County, 
Virginia;  removed  to  North  Carolina,  and  was  one 
of  the  first  Judges  under  the  State  Constitution  from 
1777  to  1790;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  from  North  Carolina  in  1778  and  1779.  Died 
in  Granville  County,  North  Carolina,  October,  1799. 

Williams,  John ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate  from  1777  to  1779,  and  from  1783  to 
1795,  from  Washington  County ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  from  1781  to  1782;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  New  York  from  171)5  to  1799. 

Williams,  John;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Tennessee  from  1815  to  18:23,  and  was  highly 
respected  for  his  talents  and  character.  Died  at 
Knoxville,  August  7,  1837. 

Williams,  John;  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee;  in 
1825  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to  Central  Amer 
ica,  where  he  remained  only  about  one  year. 

Williams,  John;  was  born  in  Utica  in  1807;  re 
sided  for  a  time  in  Sacketts  Harbor,  and  then  re 
moved  to  Rochester  in  1824;  although  generally  en 
gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  he  was,  in  1842,  chosen 
an  Alderman  of  Rochester;  in  1852  elected  Mayor  of 
the  City;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1855 
to  1857;  in  1871  was  made  City  Treasurer,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1873  and  1875;  always  took  a  great  inter 
est  in  military  affairs;  was  made  a  Major-General  of 
militia,  and  rendered  good  service,  during  the  Re 
bellion,  in  raising  troops  for  the  War.  Died  in  Roch 
ester,  March  26,  1875. 

Williams,  John  M.  S.;  was  born  in  Richmond, 
Virginia,  August  14,  1818;  was  well  educated  in 
Boston;  was  a  merchant  and  shipowner;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1856, 
and  of  the  Senate  in  1858;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1868;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  Post  Office  and  Post 
Roads,  and  Department  of  State.  Died  at  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  March  19,  1886. 

Williams,  John  S.;  waa  born  at  Montgomery, 
Kentucky,  in  1820;  graduated  at  Oxford  College, 
Ohio,  in  1839;  studied  law,  and  entered  upon  its 
practice  at  Paris,  Kentucky;  served  in  the  War  with 
Mexico,  first  as  Captain  and  afterwards  as  Colonel; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
18V7;  entered  the  Confederate  service,  in  1861,  as 
Colonel,  and  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General, 


serving  throughout  the  war;  was  several  times  a 
Delegate  to  National  Conventions,  and  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1875  was  again  in  the  Legislature;  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  from  Kentucky 
for  the  term  of  six  years  from  March  4,  1879. 

Williams,  John  S.;  waa  born  in  Niagara 
County,  New  York,  December  14,  1825;  received  a 
liberal  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1853  re 
moved  to  Lafayette,  Indiana,  where  he  continued 
the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1856  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Lafayette;  was  re-elected  in 
1858;  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  was,  for  some 
time,  editor  of  the  Lafayette  Daily  American;  in  the 
fall  of  1861  was  authorized,  by  Governor  Morton,  to 
recruit  the  Sixty-third  Regiment  of  Indiana  Volun 
teers,  and  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  regiment; 
was  present,  with  the  First  Battalion  of  his  regi 
ment,  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run;  in  July, 
1863,  was  compelled,  by  ill-health,  to  resign  his 
commission ;  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession ; 
in  1866  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Collec 
tor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Eighth  District  of 
Indiana;  resigned  in  1809;  became  the  publisher  of 
the  Lafayette  Sunday  Times;  in  April,  1885,  was  ap 
pointed  Third  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
Department. 

Williams,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1752;  received  a  good  education;  was  first  in  a  count 
ing-house,  and  then  made  several  commercial  voy 
ages  to  the  West  Indies  and  to  Europe;  was  a  nephew 
of  Dr.  Franklin;  was  kindly  received  by  him  in  En 
gland  in  1770  and  1773,  and  was  intrusted  with 
letters  of  political  importance;  was  in  France  in  1777, 
and  was  appointed  United  States  Commercial  Agent; 
in  1785  returned,  with  Franklin,  to  the  United 
States;  was,  for  several  years,  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas,  in  Philadelphia;  was  appointed 
Major  of  Artillery  in  1801,  and  Inspector  of  Fortifi 
cations;  was  Superintendent  of  West  Point  Academy; 
was  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  Engineers  in  1802;  Colonel 
from  1808  to  1812;  was  General  of  New  York  Militia 
from  1812  to  1815;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Philadelphia  in  1814;  was  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society;  was  the 
author  of  a  work  "On  the  Use  of  the  Thermometer 
in  Navigation,"  1799;  "Elements  of  Fortification, " 
1801;  "  Kosciusko's  Movements  for  Horse  Artillery," 
1808.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  May  16,  1815. 

Williams,  Joseph;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Iowa;  in  1838  was  appointed  a  United  States  Judge 
for  that  Territory;  was  subsequently  appointed  to 
the  same  office  in  Kansas. 

Williams,  Joseph  H.;  was  born  in  Maine;  was 
Governor  of  that  State  from  1857  to  1858. 

Williams,  Joseph  L.;  was  born  in  Tennessee; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1843;  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  for  the  Territory  of 
Dakota,  residing  at  Yankton. 

Williams,  Lemuel ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1765;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Massachusetts  from  1799  to  1805.  Died  in  1827. 

Williams,  Lewis;  was  born  in  Surry  County, 
North  Carolina;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  in  1808;  entered  the  House  of  Com 
mons  of  his  native  State  in  1813;  was  re-elected  in 
1814;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1815  to 
1842,  where,  for  his  many  good  qualities  and  his 
long  service,  he  was  known  as  the  "Father  of  tlie 


548 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


House."  Died  in  Washington,  while  representing 
his  State  in  Congress,  February  23,  1842  aged  nearly 
sixty  years.  He  was,  for  fifteen  years,  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

Williams,  Marmaduke  ;  was  born  in  Caswell 
County,  North  Carolina,  April  6,  1772;  was  a  lawyer 
V  profession;  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  his  native  State  from  1803  to  1809;  in  1810  re 
moved,  with  his  family,  to  Madison  County,  Ala 
bama,  and  thence  to  Tuscaloosa,  Alabama,  in  1 
was  repeatedly  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Delegate  from  Tuscaloosa  County  to  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitution;  was  a  candi 
date  for  Governor,  but  was  defeated  by  William  W. 
Bibb;  in  1826  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to  ad 
just  the  unsettled  accounts  between  Alabama  and 
Mississippi,  growing  out  of  their  territorial  relation 
ship;  in  18:52  was  elected  Judge  of  the  County  Court, 
which  office  he  held  until  April,  1842,  when  he  re 
signed,  having  attained  the  age  of  seventy,  which 
the  Constitution  declares  a  disqualification  for  the 
bench.  Died  in  Tuscaloosa,  October  29,  1850. 

Williams,  Nathan;  was  born  in  New  York; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York, 
from  1805  to  1807;  served  in  the  State  Assembly  from 
Onondaga  in  1816,  1817,  and  1818. 

Williams,  Reuel ;  was  born  in  Hallowell  (now 
Augusta),  Maine,  June  2,  1783;  received  an  aca 
demic  education;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
Representative  and  Senator  in  the  Legislature  of 
Maine  for  twelve  years;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1837  to  1843;  received  from  Bowdoin  College, 
the  degree  of  LL.D.,  and  was  a  Trustee  of  that  insti 
tution  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1836.  Died  at 
Augusta  in  1862. 

Williams,  Richard ;  was  born  at  Findlay, 
Ohio,  November  15,  1836;  removed-  to  Oregon  in 
1851;  was  educated  at  Willamette  University;  stud 
ied  law;  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1858;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Oregon  to  the  Forty- 
nl'th  Congress. 

Williams,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Caswell  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina;  bred  to  the  law;  was  a  brother 
of  Marmaduke  Williams,  and  distinguished  for  his 
attainments;  was  an  Adjutant-General  of  North 
Carolina:  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1797  to  1803;  was  appointed  Com 
missioner  of  Land  Titles  in  Mississippi  Territory  in 
1803;  was  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Mississippi 
from  1805  to  1809;  emigrated  to  Tennessee  towards 
the  close  of  his  life.  Died  in  Louisiana. 

Williams,  Samuel  Wells ;  was  born  at  Utica, 
New  York,  September,  1812;  studied  at  the  Rensse- 
laer  School,  Troy;  in  1833  went  to  China  as  a  printer 
for  the  Missionary  Board  at  Canton,  and  assisted  in 
editing  the  Chinese  Repository;  in  1837,  while  on  a 
voyage  to  or  from  Japan,  obtained,  from  some  ship 
wrecked  Japanese,  a  knowledge  of  their  language 
translated  a  treatise  on  smelting  copper  from  the 
original,  and  made  a  version  of  the  Book  of  Genesi 
and  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew  into  Japanese;  con 
tributed  to  the  Chinese  Chrysfomafhy ;  published 
'' Easy  Lessons  in  Chinese,"  "English  and  Chinese 
Vocabulary,"  and  a  "Chinese  Commercial  Guide" 
returned  to  New  York  in  1845  and  published  "  The 
Middle  Kingdom";  from  1848  to  1851  edited  the 
Chinese  Repository  at  Canton;  in  1853  and  1854  was- 
interpreter  to  Commodore  Perry's  Japan  Expedi 
tion;  in  1855  was  Secretary  and  Interpeter  to  the 
United  States  legation;  frequently  served  as  Charg 


d' Affaires;  in  1856  published  "  Tonic  Dictionary  of 
the' Chinese  Language";  in  1858  assisted  in  the 
negotiations  at  Tientsen;  in  1859  went  to  Pekm  to 
exchange  the  ratifications;  in  I860  lectured  before 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  elsewhere  in  the 
United  States;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Union  College  in  1850;  returned  to  New  York  in 
1875  his  last  work  before  leaving  China  having  been 
to  publish  a  "Syllabic  Dictionary  of  the  Chinese 
Language." 

Williams,  Sherrod;  was  born  in  Kentucky; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1835  to  1841. 

Williams,  Thomas  ;  was  born  at  Greensburg, 
Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania,  August  28, 
1806;  graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in  1825;  stucl- 
ed  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1828;  settled  in 
3ittsburgh,  from  which  place  he  was  sent,  as  Senator 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1838,  and  the  three  suc 
ceeding  years ;  in  1860  was  again  elected  to  the  lower 
louse  of  the  Legislature;  in  1862  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary; 
was"re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  and  on  Coinage, 
Weights  and  Measures;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth 
Congress,  serving  on  his  old  committees,  and  was  one 
of  the  Managers  of  the  Impeachment  of  Andrew 
Johnson. 

Williams,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Greenville 
County,  Virginia,  August  11,  1825;  in  1835  removed 
to  Wetumpka.  Alabama;  received  a  limited  educa 
tion;  became  a  lawyer,  and  also  engaged  in  farming; 
was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1878;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Alabama  to 
the  Forty-sixth,  Forty-seventh,  and  Forty-eighth 
Congresses. 

Williams,  Thomas  Hill  ;  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina:  read  law,  but  relinquished  the  profession 
for  a  clerkship  in  the  War  Department  at  Washing 
ton;  in  1805  was  appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
Register  of  the  Land  Office,  and  Commissioner  for  de 
ciding  Land  Claims  in  the  Territory  of  Mississippi; 
subsequently,  for  a  few  years,  held  the  office  of  Col 
lector  of  the  Port  of  New  Orleans;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Mississippi  from  1817  to  1831;  late  in 
life  removed  to  Tennessee,  and  there  died. 

Williams,  Thomas  H.;  emigrated  to  the  north 
ern  part  of  Mississippi  .soon  after  the  cession  of  In 
dian  Territory  to  that  quarter;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Mississippi,  by  executive  appointment, 
during  the  years  1838  and  1839. 

Williams,  Thomas  Scott ;  was  born  at  Weth- 
ersfield,  Connecticut,  June  26,  1777;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1794;  studied  law  at  Litchfield;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Windham  County  in  1799,  and 
commenced  practice  at  Mansfield,  whence  he  removed 
to  Hartford  in  1803;  in  1809  was  appointed  Attorney 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  School  Fund ;  rep 
resented  the  town  of  Hartford  in  the  General  Assem 
bly  for  seven  terms,  from  1813  to  1829;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from 
1817  to  1819;  in  1829  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors;  in  1834  was 
appointed  Chief  Justice,  and  in  the  same  year  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  College;  was 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Hartford  from  1831  to  18:?5;  in 
1847  resigned  his  position  as  Chief  Justice,  his  term 
having  expired  by  constitutional  limitation;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  was,  for  twenty  years, 
President  of  the  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and 


BI  OGK  APH  ICAL     A  XX  A  LS. 


549 


Dumb,  and,  for  a  long  time,  Vice-President  of  the  In 
sane  Retreat  at  Hartford,  and  of  the  Board  of  For 
eign  Missions,  and  subsequently  President  of  the 
American  Tract  Society;  lived  in  retirement  at  Hart 
ford,  until  December  15, 1861,  when  he  died,  leaving 
a  much-loved  name  for  his  benevolence. 

Williams,  Thomas  W.;  was  born  in  Stoning- 
ton,  Connecticut,  September  28,  ITS');  was  educated 
at  Plainfield  and  Stonington  Academies;  received  a 
commercial  education  in  New  York  City;  Avas  engaged 
in  mercantile  businesg  in  New  London,  Connecticut, 
for  many  years;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Connecticut  from  1839  to  1843;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1846:  was  chosen  Presidential 
Elector  in  1848. 

Williams,  William;  was  born  in  Lebanon, 
Windham  County,  Connecticut,  Aprils,  1731;  grad 
uated  at  Harvard  University  in  1,51:  in  1755  was 
commissioned  as  a  Staff  Officer;  after  one  campaign 
among  the  Indians,  returned  home  and  commenced 
the  mercantile  business;  was  soon  after  elected  Town 
Clerk,  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  Connecticut, 
and  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  was,  for  nearly  one 
hundred  sessions,  member,  Clerk,  or  Speaker  of  the 
I  louse  of  Representatives;  at  the  commencement  of 
the  War  of  the  Revolution  was  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  Safety ;  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Dec 
laration  of  Independence;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  177(i  to  1778,  and  again  iii 
1783  and  1781;  when  the  Government  Treasury  v.as 
drained,  he  gave  to  his  country  what  he  called  his 
"last  mite."  which  amounted  to  more  than  two 
thousand  dollars,  and  was  very  fortunate  in  obtain 
ing  donations  from  others;  for  forty  years  held  the 
more  honorable  local  offices  of  his  town  and  county: 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
first'  Constitution  of  Connecticut.  Died  August  i.', 
1811,  greatly  lamented. 

Williams,  William  ;  was  born  near  Carlisle, 
Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania,  May  11.  1821: 
received  a  good  English  education;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  the  law;  on  removing  to  Indiana,  was  cho 
sen  Treasurer  of  Kosciusko  County  in  1850;  in  1852 
was  the  unsuccessful  Whig  candidate  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State;  in  1860  was  chosen,  by  the 
Legislature,  Director  of  the  Northern  Indiana  'State 
Prison:  in  1862  was  commissioned,  by  the  Governor, 
Commandant  of  Camp  Allen  with  the  rank  of  Colonel; 
in  1864  was  appointed  an  additional  Paymaster  in 
the  United  States  Army;  in  1866  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia,  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department,  and  Edu 
cation  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  was  re-elected  to 
the  three  succeeding  Congresses,  serving  on  various 
Committees;  in  1882  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires 
to  Paraguay  and  Uruguay. 

Williams,  William;  was  born  in  Bolton,  Con 
necticut,  September  6,  1815;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  became  a  banker  and  railroad  president;  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  New  York  in  1866  and 
1867;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -second  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  Terri 
tories,  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Williams,  William  B.;  was  born  in  Pittsford, 
New  York.  July  28,  1826;  graduated  at  the  State  and 
National  Law  School  at  Ballston  Spa,  in  1851;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851;  removed  to  Michigan  in 
1855;  was  elected  Judge  of  Probate  in  1856  and  1860; 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1866  and  1868, 
President  ^ni  tern,  in  1869;  was  elected  to  the  Consti 


tutional  Convention  of  1867;  in  1871  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Board  for  the  Supervisory  Control 
of  the  Charitable,  Penal,  and  Beneficiary  Institutions 
of  the  State;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  the  Pacific  l.ai.road.  and  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions. 

Williamson,  G-eorge;  was  a  citizen  of  Louis 
iana;  in  1873  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to 
Costa  Rica,  and  also  accredited  to  Guatemala,  Nica 
ragua,  and  Honduras. 

Williamson,  Hugh ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
December  5.  1735;  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1757;  studied  theology,  and  preached 
two  years:  in  1760  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania;  re 
signed  in  1764,  and  went  to  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  to 
study  medicine;  on  his  return,  in  1772,  settled  in 
practice  in  Philadelphia;  again  visited  Europe,  and 
had  much  to  do  with  matters  connected  with  the 
Revolution;  subsequently  engaged  in  commercial 
pursuits,  and  an  accident  took  him  to  Edenton, 
North  Carolina;  with  that  State  was  long  and 
honorably  identified;  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
House  of  Commons;  also  served  in  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1782  to  1785.  and  from  1787  to  1788; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  signed  the 
same;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  North 
Carolina  from  1790  to  1793;  was  one  of  those  who 
voted  for  locating  the  Seat  of  Government  on  the  Po 
tomac;  in  1811  published  a  work  on  the  Climate  of 
America;  in  1812,  a  History  of  North  Carolina;  was 
associated  with  DeWitt  Clinton,  in  1814,  in  forming 
the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  New  York; 
enjoyed  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  him,  and  died 
universally  lamented.  Died  suddenly,  May  22,  1819. 

Williamson,  Isaac  H.;  was  born  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  New  Jersey,  in  1769;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1791;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Morris 
County;  in  1817  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly; 
was  Governor  and  Chancellor  of  the  State  from  1817 
to  1829;  was  President  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1844;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
from  New  Jersey  College  in  1839.  Died  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  July  10,  1844. 

Williamson,  James  Alexander;  was  born 
in  Adair  County,  Kentucky,  February  8,  1829;  re 
moved  to  Indiana  in  infancy,  and  thence  to  Iowa  Ter 
ritory  at  the  age  of  sixteen ;  was  educated  at  Knox 
College,  Illinois;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1854;  became  a  resident  of  Fort  Des 
Moines,  (now  Des  Moines),  Iowa,  in  1855,  at  which 
place  he,  thereafter,  maintained  a  residence,  although 
at  times  temporarily  residing  elsewhere;  was  ap 
pointed  School  Fund  Commissioner  of  Keokuk  Coun- 
by,  Iowa,  in  1852;  entered  the  Volunteer  Service  of 
the  United  States  in  1861  as  First  Lieutenant  and 
Adjutant  of  the  Fourth  Regiment,  Iowa  Volunteer 
Infantry;  immediately  after  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge 
was  promoted  to  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and,  a  few 
days  later,  to  Colonel  of  his  Regiment;  at  the  close  of 
the  Atlanta  campaign  was  promoted  to  brevet  Brig 
adier-General  and  Brigadier-General,  and  later  to 
brevet  Major-General;  was  appointed  Chairman  of 
the  Iowa  Delegation  to  the  Republican  National  Con 
vention  of  1864,  but  did  not  leave  his  place  in  the 
army  to  attend;  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Iowa 
Delegation  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  of 
1868,  and  served  as  such;  in  June,  1876,  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Grant,  Commissioner  of  the 


550 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


General  Land  Office,  at  Washington  City,  and  held 
the  office  until  1881,  when  he  resigned  to  resume  the 
practice  of  law. 

Williamson,  John  Q.  A.;  was  appointed 
Charge  d'  Affaires  to  Caraccas  in  1835.  Died  in  that 
country  August  7,  1840. 

"Williamson,  William  D.;  was  born  in  Canter 
bury,  Connecticut,  July  31,  1779;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1804;  studied  and  adopted  law 
as  a  profession,  commencing  practice  in  1807,  at 
Bangor,  Maine;  was,  for  seven  years,  in  the  Senate 
of  Massachusetts,  before  the  separation  of  Maine; 
was  a  Senator  in  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1821:  part 
of  that  year  was  Acting  Governor  of  Maine;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Maine  from  1821  to  1823; 
was  a  Judge  of  Probate  from  1827  to  1840;  was  a 
Bank  Commissioner  from  1838  to  1841;  was  the 
author  of  a  History  of  Maine.  Died  at  Bangor,  [May 
27,  1846. 

Willie,  Asa  H.;  was  born  in  Washington, 
Georgia,  October  11,  1829;  removed  to  Washington 
County,  Texas,  in  1846,  and  studied  law;  was  re 
lieved  of  the  disability  of  non-age,  and  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1848,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law; 
in  1852  was  elected  Attorney  of  the  Third  District  of 
Texas;  served  in  the  Confe'derate  Army  during  the 
war;  in  1866  was  elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Texas,  and  held  that  office  until 
1867,  when  he  was  removed  by  the  military  authori 
ties;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

Willing,  Thomas ;  was  one  of  the  first  to  sug 
gest  resisting  the  British  in  Pennsylvania;  was  Chair 
man  of  a  Revolutionary  meeting  in  June,  1774;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1775  and 
1776. 

Willis,  Albert  S.;  was  born  in  Shelby  County, 
Kentucky,  January  22,  1843;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  taught  school  for  four  years;  graduated  at  the 
Louisville  Law  School  in  1866,  and  commenced  prac 
tice;  was  elected  County  Attorney  in  1870,  and  re- 
elected  in  1874,  serving  until  he  was  elected  to  Con 
gress;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Kentucky 
to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth.  Forty-seventh,  Forty- 
eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Congresses. 

Willis,  Benjamin  A.;  was  born  in  Roslyn, 
Queens  County,  Long  Island,  in  1840;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1861,  and  was  at  once  admitted  to 
the  bar;  in  1862  entered  the  army  as  Captain  of  a 
company  raised  at  his  own  expense,  which  was  as 
signed  to  the  One  Hundred  and  Nineteenth  Regiment, 
New  York  Volunteers;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Lookout  Mountain,  and 
Wanhatchen,  and  was  twice  promoted;  in  1864  was 
honorably  discharged,  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  in  New  York  City;  was  an  advocate  of  Reform, 
and  opened  the  correspondence  in  opposition  to  Tam 
many  Hall,  which  culminated  in  its  overthrow;  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress  from  New  York;  was  re-elected  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress.  Died  October  15,  1886. 

Willis,  Francis ;  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  January  5, 1725;  received  a  good  education ; 
removed  to  Georgia  in  1784;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1791  to  1793;  in  1811 
took  up  his  residence  in  Tennessee,  and  led  the  life 
of  a  retired  gentleman.  Died  in  Maury  County, 
Tennessee,  January  25,  1829. 


Willits,  Ed-win ;  was  born  at  Otto,  New  York, 
April  24,  1830;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1836;  grad 
uated  at  the  Michigan  University  in  1855;  located  at 
Monroe,  Michigan,  in  1856;  studied  law;  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  practice  in  1857;  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  of  Monroe  County  from  1860 
to  1862;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Educa 
tion  from  1860  to  1872;  was  Postmaster  at  Monroe 
from  1863  to  1866;  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Michigan  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty -sixth,  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Willoston,  Lorenzo  P.;  was  born  in  New  York; 
removed  to  Pennsylvania;  was  appointed,  from  that 
State,  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Territory  of  Dakota. 

Willoug-hby,  Westel,  Jr.;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1816  to  1817. 

Wilmot,  David  ;  was  born  at  Bethany,  Wayne 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  20,  1814;  was  edu 
cated  at  Bethany  Academy,  and  at  Aurora,  Cayuga 
County,  New  York;  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1834;  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1845 
to  1851;  was  subsequently  President  Judge  of  the 
Thirteenth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania,  which 
position  he  resigned,  and  to  which  he  was  re-elected; 
was  the  author  of  a  slavery  proviso,  Avhich  caused 
some  excitement  in  Congress  when  he  was  a  member; 
in  1861  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he 
remained  until  1863,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Foreign  Affairs,  on  Claims,  and  on  Pensions;  was 
also  a  Delegate  to  the  "Peace  Congress "  of  18  il ;  in 
1863  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Claims.  Died  in  Towanda,  Pennsyl 
vania,  March  16,  1868. 

Wilshire,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Gallatin 
County,  Illinois,  September  8,  1830;  received  a  com 
mon-school  ed  ucation ;  studied  law ;  served  as  a  Ma 
jor  of  Volunteers  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  and  was 
at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg;  after  the  war  settled  at 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  and  entered  on  the  practice 
of  his  profession;  in  1867  was  appointed  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  State;  in  1868  became  Chief-Justice 
of  one  of  the  State  courts,  remaining  in  office  until 
1871 ;  was  a  candidate  for  election  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  and  was  declared  elected  by  the  Secretary 
of  State,  but  was  not  admitted  to  the  seat  he  claimed; 
in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Arkansas 
io  the  Forty -fourth  Congress. 

Wilson,  Alexander;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Virginia  from  1804  to  1809. 

Wilson,    Benjamin;     was    born    in    Harrison 
lounty,    Virginia   (now   West  Virginia),   April  30, 
1825;  received  an  academic  education;  attended  the 
.aw  school  at  Staunton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1848;  was  attorney  for  the  Commonwealth  in  Har 
rison  County  from  1852  to  1860;  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Virginia  in  1861; 
was  Presidential   Elector  for  the  State  at  Large  in 
1868;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  West  Virginia  in  1871;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
'onvention  at  Baltimore  in  1872;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty-fourth 
!ongress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth,  Forty- 
sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Wilson,  Bluford  ;  was  born  in  Illinois;  was  ed- 
jcated  for  the  legal  profession;  in  1874  was  appointed 
Solicitor  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  at 
Washington. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


5P1 


Wilson,  Edgar  C.;  was  a  native  of  Virginia; 
was  a  son  of  Thomas  Wilson,  of  Virginia;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1833 
to  1835;  died  at  Morgantown,  Virginia,  in  May, 
1860. 

"Wilson,  E.  K.;  graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1789;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1804;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland  from  1827 
to  1831. 

"Wilson,  Ephraim  King ;  was  born  at  Snow 
Hill.  Maryland,  December  22,  1821;  received  his 
early  education  at  Union  Academy,  Snow  Hill,  and 
Washington  Academy,  Princess  Anne,  Maryland; 
graduated  from  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1841 ;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Snow  Hill;  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1847 ; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Maryland  to  the  Forty-second 
Congress;  was  Judge  of  the  First  Judicial  Circuit  of 
Maryland  from  1878  to  1884;  in  1884  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator  from  Maryland,  for  the  term 
ending  March  3,  1891. 

"Wilson,  Eugene  M.;  was  born  in  Morgan 
County,  Virginia,  December  25,  1833;  graduated  at 
Jefferson  College  in  1852;  studied  law,  and  removed 
to  Minnesota  in  1855;  was  United  States  District 
Attorney  for  Minnesota  from  1857  to  1861;  served  as 
a  Captain  in  the  war  for  the  Union;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Minnesota  to  the  Forty-first 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public 
Lands,  and  the  Pacific  Railroads.  His  father,  Edgar 
C.  Wilson,  his  grandfather,  Thomas  Wilson,  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  his  great-grandfather,  Isaac  Griffin,  were 
all  Representatives  in  Congress. 

"Wilson,  E.  "Willis  ;  was  born  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
Virginia  (now  in  West  Virginia),  in  1844;  received  a 
common  school  and  commercial  college  education; 
when  a  boy  worked  in  the  United  States  Armory  at 
Harper's  Ferry,  and  afterwards  followed  the  trade  of 
a  mechanic;  in  I860  began  the  study  of  the  law,  and 
in  186!)  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  his  native  county; 
in  1870  was  elected  a  Delegate  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  in  1872  was  elected  State  Senator;  in  1874  re 
moved  to  Charleston,  West  Virginia,  continuing  the 
practice  of  the  law;  in  1876  was  again  elected  to  the 
Lower  House  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  a  third  time  in  1880;  during  the  latter  term 
was  elected,  and  served,  as  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Delegates;  in  1884  was  elected  Governor  of  West 
Virginia. 

Wilson,  Henry ;  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  from  18:23  to  1826.  Died  in  Allen- 
town,  Pennsylvania,  August  14,  1826. 

Wilson,  Henry ;  was  born  at  Farmington,  New 
Hampshire,  February  16,  1812;  was  reared  on  a  farm; 
when  twenty -one  years  of  age  went  to  Natick,  Mas 
sachusetts,  where  he  learned  to  make  shoes;  in  1840 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  in 
which  he  served  four  years,  and  then  four  years  in 
the  State  Senate,  of  which  he  was  President  during 
two  sessions ;  in  1848  became  the  proprietor  and  ed 
itor  of  the  Boston  Republican;  in  1852  was  the  Free 
Soil  candidate  for  Congress,  but  was  defeated;  in 
1853  was  a  member  of  the  "State  Constitutional 
Convention,"  and  afterwards  took  an  active  part  in 
political  Conventions;  in  1855  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in  1859  for  a  long 
term;  from  1842  to  1851  was  actively  connected  with 


the  Militia  of  Massachusetts  as  Major,  Colonel,  and 
Brigadier-General;  in  1861  raised  the  Twenty -second 
Regiment  of  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  of  which  he 
became  Colonel,  and  after  joining  the  army  of  tb« 
Potomac,  was  made  a  member  of  General  McClel- 
lan's  staff,  on  which  he  served  until  the  meeting  of 
Congress;  from  the  commencement  of  the  war  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs, 
which  had  to  pass  on  eleven  thousand  appointments, 
and  to  devise  most  important  measures  of  legislation 
during  the  Rebellion;  in  1856  was  challenged  by 
Preston  Brooks,  of  South  Carolina,  for  pronouncing 
his  assault  on  Senator  Sumner  "murderous,  brutal, 
and  cowardly,"  but  replied  that,  while  believing  in 
the  right  of  self-defense,  he  declined  the  challenge, 
as  duelling,  in  his  opinion,  was  a  violation  of  law, 
and  the  relic  of  a  barbarous  age;  was  again  re-elected 
to  the  Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in  1865  and 
ending  in  1871,  and  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Pensions,  although  continuing  at  the  head 
of  the  Military  Committee,  and  serving  on  the  Com  - 
inittee  of  Appropriations;  published  a  work  entitled 
"Anti-Slavery  Measures  in  Congress,"  and  a  "His 
tory  of  the  Thirty -seventh  and  Thirty-eighth  Con 
gresses,  ' '  as  well  as  one  on  the  Congressional  meas 
ures  connected  with  the  prosecution  of  the  war  for 
the  Union;  was  the  originator  of  the  bill  for  abolish 
ing  slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  also  that 
establishing  the  American  Academy  of  Sciences;  was 
one  of  the  Senators  designated  by  the  Senate  to  at 
tend  the  funeral  of  General  Scott  in  1866;  was  also 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyalists' Conven 
tion  "  of  1866;  in  1872  was  elected  Vice-President  of 
the  United  States  on  the  ticket  with  U.  S.  Grant. 
Died  in  Washington  City,  November  22,  1875.  The 
name  of  his  father  was  Colbath,  but  having  been 
adopted  in  early  life  by  a  man  named  Wilson,  he 
preferred  to  take  that  name  as  his  own. 

Wilson,  Hiram  V.;  was  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  State  of  Ohio  for  many 
years.  Died  at  Cleveland,  November  11,  1866. 

Wilson,  Isaac;  during  the  War  of  1812  com 
manded  a  company  of  cavalry,  and  was  in  some  of 
the  severest  actions  on  the  northern  frontier;  was 
subsequently  elected  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  and  also  of  the  Senate;  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  in  1823,  and  at  the  end 
of  his  term,  his  seat  having  been  successfully  con 
tested  by  P.  Adams,  was  appointed  first  Judge  of 
Genesee  County,  and  held  the  position  until  his  re 
moval  to  Batavia,  Illinois,  where  he  died  October  25, 
1848. 

Wilson,  James;  was  born  near  St.  Andrews, 
Scotland,  in  1742;  received  a  classical  education,  and 
had  for  tutors  Doctors  Blair  and  Watts;  emigrated  to 
Philadelphia  in  1766,  and  became  tutor  in  the  college 
of  that  city;  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  re 
moved  to  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  and  soon  after 
wards  to  Carlisle,  in  the  same  State;  lived  a  year  in 
Maryland,  and  then  settled  in  Philadelphia;  was  an 
active  member  of  a  war  convention  in  1773 ;  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to 
1778,  in  1782  and  1783,  and  from  1785  to  1787;  was 
a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  on  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  was  appointed  a  Colonel 
in  the  army,  and  was  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Indians ;  when  not  in  Congress  acted  as  Advocate- 
General  for  the  French  nation;  was  a  Director  in  the 
Bank  of  North  America;  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  form  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  signed 
that  instrument;  was  also  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  called  to  alter  the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania; 
in  1789  was  appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 


B  I O  (J  K  A  P  H I C  A  L     ANNALS. 


Court  of  the  United  States;  ill  1790  was  appointed 
Law  Professor  of  the  University  of  Philadelphia;  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.  I).     Died  on  August  28, 1798, 
in  Edenton,  North  Carolina,  while  upon  a  visit  to 
that  place.     His  writings  on  Politics  and  Jurispru- 
-    dence  enjoy  a  high  reputation;  he  was  the  man  who 
proposed    that    the    President    and    Vice-President 
'should    be  chosen  in    each    State    by   Colleges    of 
Electors. 

"Wilson,  James;  was  born  in  1757;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1789;  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession:  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New 
Hampshire  from  1809  to  1811.  Died  at  Keene,  New 
Hampshire,  January  4,  1^3!'. 

"Wilson,  James ;  was  bora  in  York  County  (now 
Adams  County),  Pennsylvania,  April  28.  177:1;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  education;  in  his  fourteenth 
year  was  bound  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  cabinet 
maker  in  Maryland;  from  1811  to  1822  was  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace;  was  a  Representative  from  Pennsyl 
vania  to  the  Eighteenth,  Nineteenth,  and  Twentieth 
Congresses,  serving  chiefly  on  the  Committee  on 
( 'laims;  soon  after  returning  to  private  life,  was  again 
elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  the  duties  of  which 
office  he  continued  to  till  until  1859;  it  is  said  of  him 
that  he  never  solicited  a  vote  for  an  office,  nor  at 
tended  a  political  meeting  to  promote  his  own  ad 
vancement. 

"Wilson,  James  ;  was  born  in  New  Hampshire; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1820;  was  Speaker 
of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1828.  and  in 
the  Legislature  a  number  of  years;  practiced  law  at 
Keene;  was  a  General  of  Militia;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  New  Hampshire  from  1S47  to 
1849;  subsequently  settled  in  California.  Died  May 
29,  1881. 

"Wilson,  James;  was  born  at  Crawfordsville, 
Montgomery  County.  Indiana,  April  9,  1822;  grad 
uated  at  Wabash  College  in  1842;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1845;  went  to  Mexico  in  1846  as  a  private 
in  the  Indiana  Regiment,  and  before  his  return  home 
was  promoted  to  the  office  of  Quartermaster;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  Indiana  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs:  in 
1866  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson.  Minister 
Resident  to  Venezuela.  Died  in  August,  1867. 

"Wilson,  James ;  was  born  in  Ayrshire,  Scot 
land,  August  16,  18:55;  came  to  America  in  1851;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education;  became  a  farmer;  was  a 
member  of  the  Iowa  State  Legislature  from  1867  to 
1873,  and  Speaker  two  sessions;  was  a  Regent  of  the 
State  University;  was  elected  to  the  Forty -third  and 
Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Agriculture  and  War  Claims;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

"Wilson,  James  F.;  was  born  at  Newark,  Ohio, 
October  19,  1828;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1853;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1856;  was  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1857;  in  1859  was  elected  State  Senator,  serving 
as  President  of  the  Senate  in  1861;  in  the  latter  year 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Iowa  to  the  Thir 
ty-seventh  Congress,  to  fill  a  vacancy;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-eighth,  Thirty-ninth,  and  Fortieth  Con 
gresses;  in  1869  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  for 
the  Pacific  Railroad;  was  elected  a  United  States 
Senator  from  Iowa  for  six  years  from  March  4,  188:5. 


"Wilson,  James  J.;  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
New  Jersey;  was,  for  many  years,  editor  of  the  True 
American,  at  Trenton;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  New  Jersey  from  1815  to  1821,  when  he  re 
signed,  and  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Trenton, 
was,  for  many  years,  Clerk  of  the  State  Assembly; 
was,  at  one  time,  Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  and 
always  a  man  of  influence.  Died  July  28,  1824. 

"Wilson,  Jeremiah  M.;  was  born  in  Warren 
County,  Ohio,  November  25,  1828;  received  a  good 
education;  studied  and' practiced  law:  was  Judge  of 
Common  Pleas  from  1860  to  1865;  was  Judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  from  1865  until  elected  to  the  Forty- 
second  Congress;  was  re-eleeted  to  the  Forty-third 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary 
and  as  Chairman  of  that  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia. 

"Wilson,  John  ;  was  born  in  1777;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1799;  studied  law  and  attained 
a  high  position  in  his  profession;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Massachusetts  from,  1813  to 
1816,  and  from  1817  to  1818.  Died  at  Belfast,  Maine, 
July  9,  1848. 

"Wilson,  John  ;  was  born  in  York  District,  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1809;  was  a 
Representative  in.  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1*21  to  1827. 

"Wilson,  John  ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  the 
brother  of  Joseph  S.  Wilson;  settled  in  Washington 
at  an  early  age;  long  held  a  clerkship  in  the  Post 
Office  and  Treasury  Departments;  AVJIS  Commissioner 
of  the  General  Land  Office  from  1852  to  1856;  in  1864 
was  appointed  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  hold 
ing  the  position  several  years;  was,  at  one  time,  ex 
tensively  associated  with  the  railroad  interests  of 
Illinois;  subsequently  settled  in  Washington  City  as 
a  claim  agent  and  attorney.  Died  in  Washington. 
January,  1876,  aged  sixty-eight  years. 

"Wilson,  John  L. ;  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1822  to  1824. 

"Wilson,  John  T. ;  was  born  in  Highland  County, 
Ohio,  April  16,  1811;  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation;  passed  his  youth  upon  a  farm;  was  twenty- 
four  years  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  then 
retired  to  a  farm;  in  1861  raised  a  company  for  the 
war,  and  was  commissioned  as  its  Captain;  was  sub 
sequently  twice  elected  to  the  Ohio  Senate;  in  1866 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
Agriculture,  and  Roads  and  Canals;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Congresses,  serv 
ing  on  various  Committees,  and  as  Chairman  of  that 
on  Agriculture. 

"Wilson,  Joseph  S.;  was  a  native  of  Ireland ;  came 
to  Washington  when  a  boy;  obtained  a  position  as 
Messenger  in  the  Treasury  Department;  soon  became 
a  clerk;  after  the  organization  of  the  Interior  Depart 
ment  became  Chief  Clerk  of  the  General  Land  Oflice; 
in  1860  and  again  in  1866  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  that  Bureau,  holding  the  office  a  number  of 
years,  and  rendering  important  services  to  the  De 
partment  generally;  was  always  fond  of  books,  and 
by  the  unusual  strength  of  his  mind  became  a  most 
accomplished  scholar.  Died  in  Washington. 

"Wilson,  Nathan  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1808  to  1809. 

"Wilson,  Robert ;  was  appointed  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  Missouri,  taking  his  seat  in  1861,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Pacific  Railroad; 
continued  in  the  position  until  November,  1803;  was 
a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National  Union 
Convention  "  of  1866. 

"Wilson,  Stephen  F.;  was  born  in  Columbia, 
Bradford  County.  Pennsylvania,  September  4,  1821; 
passed  his  boyhood  on  a  farm;  received  his  education 
at  Wellsborough  Academy,  where  he  was  an  assist 
ant  teacher  for  one  term;  also,  for  a  while,  taught  in 
a  district  school  at  Wellsborough;  studied  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  was  a  borough 
assessor  for  one  year;  was  a  school  director  tor  six 
years;  was  a  Senator  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1863 
and  1 864,  and  although  returned  to  the  State  Senate, 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  on  Revolutionary  Claims,  and  Public  Buildings 
and  Grounds;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Enrolled 
Bills  and  on  that  on  Education  and  Labor. 

"Wilson,  Thomas  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Virginia,  from  1811  to  1813.  Died  Jan 
uary  :24,  1826. 

"Wilson,  Thomas;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1813  to  1817.  Died  at 
Erie,  October  4,  18:24,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

"Wilson,  Thomas  S.;  was  an  early  emigrant  to 
Iowa  Territory;  in  1838  was  appointed  United  States 
Judge  for  that  District. 

"Wilson,  "William  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con' 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1814  to  1819 

"Wilson,  "William;  was  born  in  Hillsborough 
County,  New  Hampshire;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1827.  Died  in  the 
latter  year,  aged  fifty-five  years. 

"Wilson,  "William  L.;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County.  Virginia,  (now  West  Virginia),  May  3, 1843; 
received  a  classical  education  at  Charleston  Academy, 
Columbia  College,  District  of  Columbia,  (where  he 
received  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1860),  and  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia;  served  in  the  Confederate  Army 
during  the  Civil  War;  was  Professor  of  Latin  at 
Columbia  College  from  1865  to  1871;  in  the  latter 
year  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Charleston, 
West  Virginia;  in  1880  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention;  also  a  Presidential 
Elector;  in  1882  was  elected  President  of  the  West 
Virginia  University;  soon  afterwards  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  West  Virginia  to  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth 
Congress. 

Wiltz,  Louis  A.;  was  born  in  Louisiana 
in  1843;  received  a  liberal  education;  resided  in 
the  City  of  New  Orleans,  where  he  was  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  Louisiana  State  National  Bank;  served 
a  term  as  Mayor  of  New  Orleans;  in  1874  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Louisiana  Legisla 
ture;  was  elected  Speaker,  and  was  discharging  the 
duties  of  this  office  when,  in  1875,  the  Legislature 
was  overthrown  by  the  United  States  military 
authorities;  in  1876  was  elected  Lieutenant-Go vernor 
of  Louisiana;  in  1879  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  of  Louisiana,  and 
was  President  of  that  body;  in  November,  1879,  was 
elected  Governor  of  Louisiana.  Died  at  New  Or 
leans,  October  16,  1881. 

"Winans,  Ed-win  B.;  was  born  at  Avon,  New 
York,  May  16,  1826;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1834; 


was  educated  at  Albion  College,  Michigan;  left  col 
lege  in  1855,  and  went,  overland,  to  California,  where 
|  he  engaged  in  mining;  in  1858  returned  to  Michigan 
I  and  engaged  in  farming;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
i  State  Legislature  from  1861   to  1865;  a  Delegate  to 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of  1867;  in  1876 
was  elected  Probate  Judge  for  Livingston  County; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Michigan  to  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Winans,  James  January  ;  was  born  at  Mays- 
ville,  Kentucky,  June  7,  1818;  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Ohio  in  1819;  received  a  common  school 
education;  worked  on  a  farm,  and  acted  as  a  clerk  in 
Ohio,  and  also  in  Kentucky,  until  1837;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1841 ;  in  1845  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Greene  County, 
resigning  in  1851;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1863  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature;  in  1864  was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  two  years;  was  re-elected,  in 
1866,  for  a  full  term  of  five  years;  in  1868  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Forty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands, 
and  Revolutionary  Pensions. 

"Winans,  John;  was  born  at  Vernon,  Sussex 
County.  New  Jersey,  September  27,  1831;  was  edu 
cated  in  private  and  common  schools;  studied  law; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1855,  and  engaged  in 
practice;  removed  to  Wisconsin  in  1857,  and  settled 
at  Janesville;  was  City  Attorney  five  terms  between 
1865  and  1875;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  of  18f>4;  was  a  Representative 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1874  and  1882;  was  a 
member  of  the  military  staff  of  the  Governor,  with 
rank  of  Colonel,  in  1874  and  1875;  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-eighth  Con 
gress. 

"Winchester,  Boyd ;  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Ascension,  Louisiana,  September  23,  1836;  was  edu 
cated  at  Centre  College,  Kentucky,  and  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia;  graduated  from  the  Law  Uni 
versity  at  Louisville,  Kentuck}',  in  1857;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  same  year,  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  Louisville,  Kentucky;  in  1867 
was  elected  a  State  Senator;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1868;  in  that  year  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-first  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-second  Congress;  in  1875 
became  President  of  the  Farmers'  and  Drovers'  In 
surance  Company,  in  which  position  he  remained 
until  1877,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession;  in  1880  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic 
National  Convention ;  in  1884  was  President  of  the 
Democratic  State  Convention  of  Kentucky;  in  the 
same  year  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in  May,  1885, 
was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  Minister 
Resident  and  Consul-General  of  the  United  States  to 
Switzerland. 

"Winchester,  James  ;  was  born  in  Maryland  in 
1756;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
the  United  States  in  Maryland  in  1799;  entered  the 
army  as  a  Colonel  from  Tennessee  in  March,  1812; 
was  made  a  Brigadier-General  in  March.  1813;  had 
command  of  a  detachment  under  General  Harrison, 
and  met  with  great  disaster  on  the  River  Raisin  in 
January,  1813,  when  he  was  compelled  to  surrender 
to  the  British  forces;  became  a  prisoner,  and  was 
carried  into  Canada  and  confined  about  a  year  in 
Quebec,  with  his  subordinate  officers*;  was  subse 
quently  on  duty  in  Mobile,  Alabama,  under  General 


554 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Jackson;  in  March,  1815,  resigned  his  commission  in 
the  army,  and  after  living  in  retirement  in  Tennes 
see,  died  there,  July  27,  1826. 

"Winder,  Levin;  was  appointed  Major  of  the 
Maryland  Regiment  in  1777;  was  a  Lieutenant-Col 
onel  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War;  prior  to 
1812  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and 
from  1812  to  1815  was  Governor  of  Maryland;  in 
1816  was  a  memher  of  the  State  Senate,  and  was  a 
General  of  Militia,  and  Grand  Master  of  Masons  of 
Maryland.  Died  in  Baltimore,  July  7,  1819,  aged 
sixty-three  years. 

"Winder,  William;  was  the  first  man  appointed 
to  take  charge  of  the  office  of  Fourth  Auditor,  in 
1798,  at  which  time  the  officer  was  called  Accountant 
of  the  Navy. 

Windom,  William ;  was  born  in  Belmont  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,  May  10,  1827;  received  an  academic  educa 
tion;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1850;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Knox 
County  in  1852;  removed  to  Minnesota  in  1853;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  that  State  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands,  and  of  the  Special  Com 
mittee  of  Thirty-three;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
seventh  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures;  also  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Indian 
Affairs,  and  of  the  Special  Committee  to  visit  the  In 
dian  Tribes  of  the  West  in  1865;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  the  Death  of  President  Lincoln,  and  again  at 
the  head  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  as 
Chairman  of  a  Special  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of 
the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs;  was  also  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'  Convention"  of 
1866;  was  re-elected  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  old  Committees;  in  1870  was  appointed  a  Sen 
ator  in  Congress  for  the  unexpired  term  of  D.  S. 
Norton,  and  subsequently  elected  for  the  term  ending 
in  1877,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on 
Enrolled  Bills,  and  Transportation,  and  member  of 
Appropriations;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1883;  resigned  in  March,  1881,  to  become  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury;  was  re-elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  his  own  resignation. 

Winfleld,  Charles  H.;  was  born  in  Crawford 
Orange  County,  New  York,  April  22,  1822;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1846;  was  for  six  years 
District  Attorney  for  Orange  County,  from  1850  to 
1856,  in  1862  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress;  in  1865  was  Chairman 
of  the  State  "Democratic  Convention"  previous  to 
its  final  organization;  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress 
served  on  the  Committees  on  Foreign  Affairs,  on 
Coinage,  Weights  and  Measures,  and  Ways  'and 
Means. 

Wing-,  Austin  E.;  was  born  in  Hampshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress 
from  the  Territory  of  Michigan  from  1828  to  1832;  re 
sided  at  Monroe,  and  was  for  many  years  a  leading 
man  in  all  its  local  affairs.  Died  at  Cleveland  Ohio 
August  25,  1849. 

Wing,  E.  Rumsey  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1845;  well  educated;  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  from  186!)  to*  1874  was  Minister  Resident  to 
Ecuador.  Died  in  Quito,  October  11,  1874.  He 
acquitted  himself  with  great  credit  in  South  America 


and    was   especially    noticed    by    S.   S.   Cox,    in   a 
speech  on  the  floor  of  Congress,  for  his  ability  and 

usefulness. 

Wingard,  Samuel  Cyrus  ;  was  born  in  Hunt 
ingdon  County,  Pennsylvania,  six  miles  west  of  Hunt 
ingdon,  the  County  Seat,  August  6,  1825;  received  a 
classical  education,  graduating  from  Dickinson  Col 
lege  in  1847;  taught  in  an  academy  at  Williamsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  for  two  years;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  practice; 
served  two  terms  as  a  Representative  in  the  State 
Legislature;  removed  to  Washington  Territory  in 
1870;  in  1872  was  appointed  United  States  Attorney 
for  that  Territory;  in  1875  was  appointed  an  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory,  and 
continued  in  that  position  by  re-appointment. 

Wingate,  Joseph  F.;  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  that  State 
in  1818  and  1819;  was  Collector  of  Customs  at  Bath, 
Maine,  from  1820  to  1824;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1825  and  1826;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Maine  from  1827  to  1831. 

Wingate,  Paine  ;  was  born  at  Amesbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  14,  1739;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1759;  was  ordained  as  a  Congregational 
Minister  at  Hampton  Falls,  New  Hampshire,  in  1763; 
afterwards  removed  to  Stratham,  and  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits;  was  appointed  a  member  of 
Congress  under  the  Confederation  in  1787;  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  in  1789,  and  served  un 
til  1793,  when  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  until  1795;  in  1798  was  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  continued  in  office  until  May,  1809,  when  he  at 
tained  the  age  of  seventy;  survived  all  others  who 
were  members  of  the  United  States  Senate  at  the 
time  of  his  taking  his  seat  in  that  body  upon  its  tirst 
organization,  and  was,  for  some  years,  the  oldest 
graduate  of  his  college;  was  a  man  of  talents  and 
extensive  information,  highly  esteemed  and  respected 
for  his  character  and  his  honorable  and  useful  life. 
Died  at  Stratham,  New  Hampshire,  March  7,  1838. 

Winslow,  Warren ;  was  born  in  Fayetteville, 
North  Carolina,  January  1,  1810;  entered  Chapel 
Hill  University,  and  graduated  in  1827;  havingstud- 
ied  law,  was  soon  afterwards  admitted  to  the  bar;  in 
1854  was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  a  confiden 
tial  agent  to  Madrid,  on  business  connected  with  the 
Black  Warrior  affair;  during  his  absence  abroad  was 
nominated  for  the  Senate  of  North  Carolina;  was 
elected  a  member  thereof,  and  placed  in  the  chair  of 
Speaker;  while  in  that  position,  Governor  Reid  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  the  duties 
of  Governor  devolved  upon,  and  were  performed  by, 
Mr.  Winslow;  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  and  Thirty-sixth 
Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  on  the  Library,  and  on  the  Special 
Committee  of  Thirty-three  on  the  Rebellious  States; 
was  offered,  by  President  Buchanan,  the  mission  to 
Sardinia,  bat  declined  it.  Died  at  Fayetteville  in 
1863. 

Winston,  Frederick  H.;  was  born  in  Liberty 
County,  Georgia,  November  20,  1830;  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Kentucky,  in  1836;  was  educated  in 
private  schools;  in  1848,  his  parents  having  died,  re 
turned  to  Georgia  and  commenced  the  study  of  law 
at  Greensboro,  in  that  State;  afterwards  entered  tho 
Law  Department  of  Harvard  University,  at  Cam- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


555 


bridge,  Massachusetts,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1852;  then  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon.  William 
M.  Evarts,  in  New  York  City;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  there  in  April,  1853,  and  settled  at  Chicago,  Illi 
nois,  in  the  practice  of  law;  was,  for  fourteen  years. 
Commissioner  of  Lincoln  Park  in  Chicago,  by  ap 
pointment  of  the  Governor  of  Illinois;  in  October, 
1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  United 
States  Minister  to  Persia;  remained  at  his  post  about 
eight  months,  when  he  resigned  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Chicago. 

"Winston,  John  A.;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1853  to  1857. 

"Winston,  Joseph ;  was  born  in  Virginia,  in 
1746;  in  1760  joined  a  company  of  rangers,  and 
marched  to  the  frontier  of  the  State;  in  a  battle  on 
the  Greenbrier,  was  twice  wounded,  and  had  a  horse 
killed  under  him;  had  a  pension  granted  him  by  the 
Legislature,  for  his  gallantry  in  battle;  in  1766  re 
moved  to  North  Carolina;  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Revolution;  raised  a  regiment,  and  marched  against 
the  Cherokee  Indians;  was  appointed  a  Major  in 
1776,  and  had  various  actions  with  the  forces  of  the 
Tories;  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  American 
troops  in  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain,  and  for  his 
bravery  had  a  sword  voted  to  him  by  the  Legisla 
ture;  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1792,  and  again  in 
1803,  and  served  until  1807;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1801. 

Winter,  Elisha  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from  1813  to  1815. 

Winthrop,  Robert  O.;  was  born  in  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  May  12,  1801);  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1828;  studied  law  with  Daniel  Webster; 
entered  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  in  1835, 
and  was  Speaker  of  the  House  from  1838  to  1840;  was 
a  member  of  the  United  States  House  of  Represent 
atives,  from  1840  to  1842,  when  he  resigned  on  ac 
count  of  domestic  circumstances,  but  was  re-elected 
the  same  year,  and  continued  in  that  body  until  1850; 
was  Speaker  during  the  Congress  commencing  in 
1847;  was  appointed  to  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resigna 
tion  of  Mr.  Webster,  and  served  from  1850  to  1851 ; 
was  President  of  the  Electoral  College  of  Massachu 
setts  which  voted  for  General  Scott;  was  President  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetts,  and  other 
literary  and  charitable  associations;  also  President 
of  the  Commissioners  chosen  by  the  City  of  Boston 
for  building  a  Public  Library;  delivered  the  Inau 
gural  of  the  Franklin  Statue  in  1856,  and  also  that  of 
the  Washington  Monument  in  1848;  subsequently 
published  a  "Memoir  of  Nathan  Appletou,"  and  the 
"  Life  and  Letters  of  John  Winthrop  ";  in  1866  was 
chosen  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "National 
Union  Convention,"  but  did  not  take  part  in  its 
proceedings. 

"Wirt,  William ;  was  born  in  Bladensburg, 
Maryland,  November  8,  1772,  of  Swiss  and  German 
parents;  obtained  his  early  education  at  private 
schools;  was,  for  a  time,  a  private  tutor;  studied 
law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1794,  practicing  at  Cul- 
pepper,  Virginia;  in  1799  was  chosen  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Delegates;  in  1802  appointed  Chancellor  of 
the  Eastern  District  of  Virginia;  in  1803  settled  in 
Norfolk,  and  wrote  the  "  British  Spy  ";  in  1806  set- 
1  tied  in  Richmond;  in  1812  wrote  "The  Old  Bach 
elor,"  and  in  1817  the  "  Life  of  Patrick  Henry  ";  in 

1816  was  appointed,  by  President  Madison,  Attorney 
of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Virginia;  in 

1817  was  appointed  Attorney-General  of  the  United 


States,  holding  his  office  until  1829.  after  which  he 
settled  in  Baltimore;  in  1824  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Harvard  College;  he  oc- 
cupied  a  high  rank  as  a  public  man  and  a  citizen. 
Died  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  February  18,  1834. 

Wise,  George  D.;  was  born  in  Accomac  County, 
Virginia,  in  1835;  graduated  at  Indiana  University; 
adopted  the  profession  of  the  law;  served  in  the  Con 
federate  Army  as  a  Captain  during  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion;  was  Commonwealth  Attorney  of  Rich 
mond,  Virginia,  from  1870  to  1880,  when  he  resigned; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the 
Forty -seventh  and  Forty-eighth  Congresses;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Wise,  Henry,  A.;  was  born  in  Drnmmondtown, 
Accomac  County,  Virginia,  December  3,  1806;  grad 
uated  at  Washington  College,  Pennsylvania,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  at  Winchester,  Virginia,  in  1828;  the  same 
year  removed  to  Nashville,  Tennessee,  and  practiced 
his  profession  for  two  years,  when,  from  local  attach 
ment,  he  returned  to  Accomac;  became  a  Represent 
ative  in  Congress,  serving  from  1833  to  1844,  when 
he  resigned  his  seat  for  the  mission  to  Brazil,  which 
post  he  occupied  until  the  fall  of  1847;  in  1843  was 
appointed  Minister  to  France,  and  resigned  his  seat 
in  Congress,  but  the  Senate  did  not  confirm  him  and 
he  was  immediately  returned  to  Congress;  in  1848 
was  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors  of  Virginia;  in 
1850  was  a  member  of  the  Reform  Convention  of 
Virginia,  which  adopted  the  present  Constitution 
qf  the  State;  in  1852  was  again  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor;  in  1855  was  elected  Governor  of  Virginia,  which, 
office  he  held  until  I860;  served  in  the  great  Rebel 
lion  as  a  Brigadier-General. 

Wise,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Rio  Janeiro,  Brazil, 
:  where  his  father  at  the  time  filled  the  position  of 
|  United  States  Minister,  December  25,  1846;  received  a 
I  classical  education  at  the  Virginia  Military  Institute; 
I  was  one  of  the  Cadets  of  that  institution  who.  during 
the   Civil  War,  were  engaged  in  the  battle  of  New 
market,  where  he  was  wounded ;  studied  law  at  the 
University  of  Virginia;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1867,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Virginia  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Wise,  Morgan  B.;  was  born  at  West  Bethle 
hem,  Pennsylvania,  June  7,  1830;  received  a  limifed 
education;  taught  school ;  in  1850  crossed  the  plains* 
to  California,  and  engaged  in  mining  there;  return 
ing  to  Pennsylvania  entered  Waynesburg  College, 
and  graduated  in  1856;  was  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  from  1874  to  1878;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Wise,  Tully  B.;  was  born  in  Virginia;  in  1842 
was  appointed  First  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  remain 
ing  in  that  office  until  1844. 

Wisner,  Henry ;  was  a  Delegate  from  New  York 
to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1774  to  1776. 

Wisner,  Moses  ;  was  born  in  Aurelius,  Cayuga 
County,  New  York,  in  1818;  received  a  good  educa 
tion;  removed  to  Michigan  in  1839,  and  settled  upon 
a  farm  near  the  town  of  Atlas,  Lapeer  County;  in 
about  a  year  afterwards  removed  to  Poutiac,  and 
studied  law,  coming  to  the  bar  in  1842;  in  1843  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Lapeer  County; 
in  1844  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
)  continued  in  it  until  1858,  when  he  was  elected  Gov- 


556 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANKALS. 


ernor  of  the  State;  was  a  candidate  for  Circuit  Judge 
iu  1832  but  was  defeated;  took  little  interest  in  pol 
itics;  was  a  man  of  fine  mind,  and  a  most  worthy 
citizen:  in  1862  was  appointed  a  Colonel  in  the  Vol 
unteer  Armv,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  Twenty-second  Michigan  Regiment;  while  on  his 
way  to  the  seat  of  war,  was  prostrated  by  sickness  in 
Lexington,  Kentucky,  where  he  died,  January  o, 
1863. 

Witcher,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Cabell  County, 
Virginia,  July  15,  1839;  was  reared  on  a  iarm;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  in  1861  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Cabell  County  Circuit  Court;  en 
tered  the  Volunteer  Army,  in  18i«,  as  a  Lieutenant, 
and  rose  by  degrees  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General, 
serving  to  the  end  of  the  war;  in  1865  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1866,. Secretary  of  State;  in 
1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from  West  Vir 
ginia  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Military  Affairs,  and  Revolutionary 
Claims, 

Witherell,  James;  was  born  in  Vermont;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law;  from  1798  to  1803  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature;  two  years  a  County  Judge;  a  State 
Councilor  from  1803  to  1807;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Vermont  during  the  years  1807  and 
1808;  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  Federal  Judge 
in  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  where  he  long  resided 
and  died;  he  was  a  man  of  strong  native  powers  of 
mind. 

Withers,  Robert  E.;  was  born  in  Campbell 
County,  Virginia,  September  18,  1821 ;  was  educated 
at  a  private  academy  and  the  University  of  Virginia; 
graduated  in  medicine  in  1841,  and  began  to  practice 
in  Danville,  Virginia:  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  War  entered  the  service  as  Major,  when  Virginia 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  and  was  made 
Colonel  of  the  Eighteenth  Virginia  Regiment  in  1861 ; 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  battles  around  Rich 
mond  in  1862;  subsequently  commanded  the  military 
post  at  Danville,  which  was  surrendered  to  the  Sixth 
Army  Corps  in  May;  was  never  a  candidate  for  any 
public  office  until  after  the  war;  in  1866  removed  to 
Lynchburg  and  edited  the  News  until  186S;  was  nomi 
nated  Governor,  but  withdrew  in  favor  of  Governor 
Walker;  was  Presidential  Elector  for  the  State  at 
Large  in  1873;  was  elected  Lientenant-Governor  in 
18T3,  and  United  States  Senator  for  six  years  from 
March  4,  1875. 

"Withers,  T.  I.;  was  reputed  to  be  one  of  the 
ablest  jurists  in  the  South;  was,  for  a  long  time, 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  South  Carolina.  Died 
at  Sumterville,  in  that  State,  December  8,  1865. 

Witherspoon,  John;  was  born  near  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  February  5,  1722,  and  was  a  lineal  descend 
ant  of  John  Knox;  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  was  licensed 
as  a  preacher,  assisting  his  father,  who  was  also  a 
preacher;  in  1746,  while  witnessing  the  battle  of 
Falkirk,  was  arrested  and  imprisoned;  after  his  re 
lease,  he  declined  a  number  of  calls  from  all  parts  ol 
the  kingdom,  but  in  1766,  through  the  influence  of 
Richard  Stockton,  was  elected  President  of  Princeton 
College,  and  came  to  America;  in  this  new  sphere  he 
was  eminently  successful;  at  the  commencement  ol 
the  Revolution,  espoused  the  American  cause,  and 
took  an  active  part  on  committees  and  in  conven 
tions;  vvas>  a  member  of  the  first  "  Constitutional  Con 
vention  "  of  New  Jersey  in  1776;  was  a  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 


Continental  Congress  from  1776  to  1782,  and  signed 
,he  Articles  of  Confederation;  served  in  the  Legisla 
te,  and  at  the  same  time  frequently  occupied  the 
pulpit;  revisited  Scotland  in  1782,  and  on  his  return 
;etired  to  private  life.  Died  at  Princeton,  November 
L5,  1794.  He  left  numerous  literary,  political,  and 
theological  writings;  was  distinguished  as  an  orator, 
and  left  a  name  that  will  be  always  affectionately  re 
membered  by  the  people  of  his  adopted  State. 

Witherspoon,  Robert;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1809  to  1811. 

Withey,  Solomon  L.;  was  born  at  St.  Albans, 
Vermont,  April  21,  1820;  removed  to  Ohio  in  1835, 
where  he  obtained  a  good  English  education;  in  1838 
removed  to  Michigan,  and  located  at  Grand  Rapids; 
in  1839  began  the  study  of  law;  came  to  the  bar  in 
1844,  and  continued  in  practice  until  18:J3;  in  1H48 
was  elected  Judge  of  Probate,  and  held  the  office 
four  years;  in  1860  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  promoting  effective  legis 
lation  for  putting  down  the  Rebellion ;  was  appointed, 
by  President  Lincoln.  United  States  District  Judge 
for  the  Western  District  of  Michigan ;  in  December, 
1869,  received,  from  President  Grant,  a  commission 
as  Judge  of  the  Sixth  United  States  Judicial  Circuit, 
but  declined  it;  for  that  position  was  warmly  sup 
ported  by  the  leading  members  of  the  bar  in  Michi 
gan  and  Northern  Ohio,  of  all  political  parties,  and 
that  fact  alone  made  him  reluctant  to  decline;  was 
also  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Grand 
Rapids.  Died  April  25,  1886. 

Witte,  William  H.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
having  settled  iu  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1853  to  1855. 

Wolcott,  Oliver  ;  was  the  son  of  Roger  Wol- 
cott,  an  early  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  was  born 
November  26,  1726;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  his 
twenty-first  year;  was  immediately  commissioned  to 
command  a  company  to  defend  the  frontier;  after 
ward  studied  medicine;  iu  1751  was  chosen  Sheriff 
of  Litchfield  County;  in  1774  was  appointed  Coun 
selor,  and  held  the  office  twelve  years;  was  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and 
of  the  Articles  of  Confederation;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1778,  and 
from  1780  to  1784;  as  a  military  man  he  rose  to  the 
grade  of  Major-General,  and  was  present  at  the  cap 
ture  of  Burgoyne,  in  1775  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  of  Indian  Affairs  for  the  Northern  Department; 
iu  1785  was  associated  with  Lee  and  Butler  in  nego 
tiating  a  treaty  with  the  Six  Nations;  in  1786  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Connecticut,  holding 
the  office  ten  years;  was  Governor  of  Connecticut 
from  1796  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  Decem 
ber,  1797,  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Wolf,  George ;  was  born  in  Allen  Township, 
Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania,  August  12, 
1777;  after  pursuing  a  course  of  classical  education 
in  his  own  county,  studied  law,  became  eminent, 
and  engaged  in  a  lucrative  practice;  in  1818  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his  native 
State;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1824  to  1829;  was  Governor  of  that 
State  from  1829  to  1835;  in  1836  was  appointed 
First  Comptroller  of  the  United  States  Treasury;  was 
subsequently  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  at 
Philadelphia,  in  which  city  he  died  of  an  affection  of 
the  heart,  March  14,  1840. 

Wolf,  William  P.;  was  born  iu  Stark  County, 
Ohio,  December  1,  1833;  received  a  common  school 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


557 


education;  studied  law,  and  removed  to  Iowa  in 
185G;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859;  was  Superin 
tendent  of  Common  Schools;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Representatives  in  1863  and  1864; 
entered  the  army  as  Captain  of  Infantry;  was  se 
verely  wounded  in  Tennessee;  was  re-elected  to  the 
State  House  of  Representatives;  was  Assistant  As 
sessor  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1865;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1867;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Iowa  to  the  Forty-first  Congress  to  fill  a 
vacancy. 

Wolfe,  Simeon  K.;  was  born  in  Floyd  County, 
Indiana,  February  14,  1824;  graduated  in  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  of  Indiana  in  1850, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1856;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1860,  rind  served  four  years;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Charleston  and  Baltimore  Democratic  National  Con 
vention  in  1860;  was  Colonel  of  the  Indiana  Militia 
in  1861;  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Corydon 
Democrat  from  1857  to  1865;  in  1870  removed  to  New 
Albany;  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Railroads  and  Canals. 

Wolford,  Frank  D.;  was  born  in  Adair  County, 
Kentucky,  September  2,  1817;  received  a  common 
school  education;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1847, 
1848,  1865,  and  1866;  was  Colonel  of  the  First  Ken 
tucky  Cavalry  from  1861  to  1864;  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1864  and  1868;  was  Adjutant-General  of 
the  State  of  Kentucky  in  1867  and  1868;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Con 
gress. 

"Wood,  Abiel ;  was  a  distinguished  merchant  of 
Wiscasset,  Massachusetts;  from  1807  to  1811,  and  in 
1816,  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  that  State  from  1813  to 
1815;  was  a  member  of  the  "  Constitutional  Conven 
tion"  of  1819;  was  a  State  Councilor  in  1820  and 
1821.  Died  at  Belfast,  Maine,  November,  1834,  aged 
sixty-two  years. 

Wood,  Alan ;  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  Penn 
sylvania,  July  6,  1834;  resided  there  until  seventeen 
years  of  age,  when  he  graduated  at  the  Polytechnic 
'institute  of  that  city;  took  charge  of  the  "  Delaware 
Iron  Works"  of  his  father,  and  was  there  six  years; 
removed  to  Conshohocken,  Pennsylvania,  and  as 
sisted  in  building  the  original  mill  of  the  "  Schuyl- 
kill  Iron  Works";  became  interested  in  the  two  com 
panies;  was  President  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Conshohocken;  in  1874  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Wood,  Amos  B.;  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
New  York,  in  1810;  in  1825  removed,  with  his 
father,  to  Portage  County,  Ohio;  in  18:53  settled  per 
manently  in  Woodville,  Sandusky  County;  twice 
represented  his  district  in  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature,  and  once  for  the  term  of  two  years  in  the 
State  Senate;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Ohio  from  1850  to  1852;  filled  the  unex- 
pired  term  of  R.  Dickinson;  the  farm  upon  which  he 
lived  and  died  was  cleared  by  his  own  hands.  Died 
in  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  November  19,  1850. 

Wood,  Benjamin ;  was  born  in  Shelbyville, 
Kentucky,  October  13,  1820;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  New  York  City;  pub- 
Jished  and  edited  the  Daily  News  newspaper;  was  a 
State  Senator  in  18(56  and  1867;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-seventh, 
Thirty-eighth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 


Wood,  Bradford  R. ;  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
was  well  educated,  and  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  removed  to  Albany,  New  York;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from  1845  to 
1847;  in  1861  was  appointed,  by  President  Lincoln, 
Minister  Resident  to  Denmark. 

Wood,  Fernando ;  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
of  Quaker  parentage,  June  14,  1812;  removed  to  New 
York,  with  his  father,  in  1820;  early  turned  his  at 
tention  to  the  shipping  business,  in  which  he  was- 
eminently  successful,  and  from  which  he  retired  in 
1850;  in  1840  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
York  to  the  Twenty-seventh  Congress;  in  1854  was 
elected  Mayor  of  New  York,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
same  position,  serving  five  years;  was  also  elected  to 
the  Thirty-eighth,  Fortieth,  Forty -first,  Forty-second, 
Forty-third,  and  Forty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  on 
many  important  committees;  in  1875  his  friends  pro 
posed  that  he  should  be  a  candidate  for  Speaker,  but 
he  declined  the  honor;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth  and  Forty-sixth  Congresses.  Died  at  Washing 
ton,  February  20,  1881. 

Wood,  George  T.;  was  appointed  Major  of 
Georgia  Three  Months'  Volunteers  in  the  Creek  War 
in  1836;  was  Colonel  of  the  Second  Texas  Regiment 
of  Mounted  Volunteers  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was 
distinguished  at  the  storming  of  Monterey;  was 
afterwards  member  of  the  Texas  Congress,  and  was 
Governor  of  Texas  from  1847  to  1849.  Died  on 
Trinity  River,  Texas,  September  5,  1858. 

Wood,  James;  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1776;  was  a  Colonel  of  the  Virginia  Militia  in  1776; 
was  Lieutenant-Governor  and  a  member  of  the  Exec 
utive  Council;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from  1796 
to  1799;  a  county  in  Virginia  was  named  for  him,  to' 
commemorate  his  patriotic  services. 

Wood,  John;  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1816; 
was  educated  for  the  counting  room,  in  which  he  had 
an  experience  of  twenty-five  years,  devoting  himself 
chiefly  to  the  manufacture  of  iron;  never  held  any 
public  position  but  that  of  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress  Iroin  Pennsylvania,  to  which 
he  was  elected  contrary  to  his  wishes,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

Wood,  John  J.;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York  from  1827  to  1829. 

Wood,  John  M.;  was  born  in  Minnisink, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  November  18,  1813;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  education;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Maine;  was,  for  years,  oc 
cupied  as  a  constructor  of  railroads  and  other  public 
works;  in  1854  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Maine  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Died 
in  Boston,  December  24,  1864. 

Wood,  Joseph ;  entered  the  Revolutionary  Army 
as  Major  of  Second  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  and  was 
sent  to  Canada,  July  4,  1776;  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Colonel  during  that  year;  was  a  Delegate  from 
Georgia  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1777  to 
1779;  Diedjn  March,  1789. 

Wood,  Reuben  ;  was  born  in  Rutland  County, 
Vermont,  in  1792;  served  as  Captain  of  the  Vermont 
Volunteers  in  the  war  of  1812;  after  the  war  removed 
to  Cleveland.  Ohio,  and  settled  there  in  1817,  to 
practice  law;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from 
1825  to  1828;  was  made  President  Judge  of  the  Third 


558 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


District  of  the  State  in  1830,  serving  until  1833,  when 
he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio; 
continued  to  hold  that  office  until  1845;  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Ohio  for  the  term  beginning  in  1850 
and  ending  in  1853;  in  1852  was  proposed  by  some  of 
his  Democratic  friends  as  a  suitable  candidate  for  the 
Presidency;  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  to 
Valparaiso  in  1853;  resigned  that  office  at  the  end  of 
eighteen  months,  and  returned  to  his  adopted  State. 
Died  at  Rockport,  Ohio,  October  2,  1864. 

"Wood,  Silas ;  was  born  in  Suffolk  County,  New 
York;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1789;  was 
the  author  of  a  "History  of  Long  Island;"  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from 
1819  to  1829.  Died  at  Huntington,  Suffolk  County, 
Long  Island,  March  2,  1847,  aged  seventy-eight 
years. 

Wood,  Thomas  J. ;  was  born  in  Athens  County. 
Ohio,  September  30,  1844;  was  reared  on  a  farm; 
taught  school  for  two  years;  studied  law;  graduated 
from  the  Law  Department  of  Ann  Arbor  University 
in  1867;  settled  in  Indiana  in  the  successful  practice 
of  his  profession;  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney 
fora  term  of  two  years,  and  was  re-elected;  was  a 
State  Senator  for  four  years;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Indiana  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress, 
in  every  instance  overcoming  large  opposition  major 
ities. 

"Wood,  "Walter  A.;  was  born  at  Mason,  New 
Hampshire,  October  23,  1815;  received  a  common 
school  education;  removed  to  New  York  and  engaged 
largely  in  manufacturing;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  New  York  to  the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty- 
seventh  Congresses. 

Woodbridge,  Frederick  B.;  was  born  in  Ver- 
gennes,  Vermont.  August  29,  1818;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1840;  studied  law,  and 
came  to  the  bar  in  1842;  served  three  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  two  years  in  the  State  Senate, 
three  years  as  State  Auditor;  in  1863  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Vermont  to  the  Thirty-eighth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary  and  Private 
Land  Claims;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia 
"Loyalists'  Convention  "  of  1866;  was  re-elected  to 
the  Fortieth  Congress,  and  made  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Pay  of  Officials  of  Congress. 

Woodbridge,  "William ;  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  August  20,  1780;  his  father  becoming 
one  of  the  earliest  emigrants  to  the  Northwest  Terri 
tory,  removed  to  Marietta  in  1791;  received  his 
earliest  education  in  Connecticut;  studied  law  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Ohio  in  1806;  in  1807  was  elected  to  the  Assem 
bly  of  Ohio;  in  1808  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
his  county,  which  office  he  held  until  1814;  during 
the  same  period  was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Sen 
ate;  in  1814  received,  from  President  Madison,  unex 
pectedly,  the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  the  Terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  and  removed  to  Detroit;  in  1819 
was  elected  the  first  Delegate  from  Michigan  to  Con 
gress,  where  he  was  very  active  in  promoting  the  in 
terests  of  his  constituents;  in  1828  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan  Territory, 
and  held  the  office  four  years;  in  1835  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  called  to  form  a  State  Constitu 
tion;  in  1837  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  Mich 
igan;  in  1839  was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1847;  was  a  work 
ing  member  011  many  important  committees,  and  his 


reports  and  speeches  were  numerous;  Daniel  Web 
ster,  in  a  note  to  his  speech  in  defense  of  the  Ash- 
burton  Treaty,  attributed  to  Mr.  Woodbridge  the 
first  suggestion  that  was  ever  made  to  him  of  insert 
ing,  in  that  treaty,  a  provision  for  the  surrender  of 
fugitives,  under  certain  circumstances,  upon  the  de 
mand  of  foreign  governments;  for  many  years  before 
his  death  he  lived  in  retirement  at  Detroit.  Died 
October  20,  1831.  In  1867  a  small  volume  was  pub 
lished,  entitled  the  "  Life  of  William  Woodbridge," 
from  the  pen  of  the  compiler  of  this  work. 

Woodburn,  William;  was  born  in  Wicklow 
County,  Ireland,  in  1833 ;  was  a  student  at  St. 
Charles'  College,  Maryland,  for  four  years;  emigrated 
to  California  in  1855;  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1865;  was  District-Attorney  of  Storey 
County  in  1871  and  1872;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  from  Nevada  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress  for 
the  State  at  Large;  in  1884  was  elected  to  the  Forty- 
ninth  Congress. 

Woodbury,  Levi ;  was  born  in  Francestown, 
New  Hampshire,  December  22,  1789;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1810;  attended  the  Law  School 
at  Litchfield,  continued  to  study  law  in  Boston,  Ex 
eter,  and  Francestown,  and  entered  upon  the  prac 
tice  in  1812,  in  which  he  was  successful;  in  1816  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  in  1819  settled  in  Portsmouth;  in  1823 
was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hampshire;  was  Speak 
er  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1825;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  from  1825  to  1831;  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
in  1831;  was  transferred  to  the  Treasury  Department, 
as  Secretary,  in  1834,  by  President  Van  Buren,  and 
served  until  1841;  was  again  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1841  to  1845,  when  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States;  was  tendered  the  appointment  of  Min 
ister  to  England,  but  declined  it;  received  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  from  Dartmouth  College  and  the  Wesleyaii 
University  of  Connecticut,  and  was  a  member  of  vari 
ous  literary  societies.  Died  at  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  September  7,  1851. 

Woodcock,  David;  was  born  in  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  from  Seneca  County  in  1814  and 
1815,  and  from  Tompkins  County  in  1826;  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1821  to 
1823,  and  again  from  1827  to  1829. 

Woodruff,  G-eorge  C.;  was  born  in  Litchfield. 
Connecticut,  December  1,  1805;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1«25;  studied  law  at  the  Litchfield  School, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1827;  was,  for  fourteen  years, 
Postmaster  of  Litchfield;  was  a  Clerk  and  Represent 
ative  in  the  State  Legislature;  was,  for  years,  Presi 
dent  of  a  bank;  was  a  Judj^e  of  Probate  for  several 
years;  in  1861  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Connecticut  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

Woodruff,  John;  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  February  12,  1826;  was  a  member  of  the 
Connecticut  Legislature  in  1854;  in  1855  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Connecticut  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress;  was  also  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  Post  Office 
and  Post  Roads;  subsequently  held  the  position  of 
Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  District  of  New 
Haven,  in  which  city  he  died  May  20,  1868. 

Woodruff,  Lewis  B.;  was  born  in  Litchfield, 
Connecticut.  June  19,  1H()<).  and  was  the  son  of  Gen 
eral  Morris  Woodruff;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


559 


1830;  studied  law  at  the  Law  School  of  his  native 
town ;  settled  in  New  York  City,  and  was  associated 
with  Willis  Hall  and  George  Wood  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the  Bench  of 
Common  Pleas;  in  1855  was  transferred  to  that  of 
the  Superior  Court;  after  the  close  of  his  term,  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law;  in  1868  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals;  in  1869  was  appointed 
Circuit  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  Second 
Circuit.  Died  at  Litchfield,  September  10,  1875. 

"Woodruff,  Thomas  M.;  was  a  resident  of  New 
York  City;  was  a  furniture  dealer  by  occupation;  was 
a  member  of  Congress  from  1845  to  1847.  Died  some 
years  ago. 

"Woods,  George  L.;  was  Governor  of  Oregon 
from  1866  to  1870. 

"Woods,  Henry ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1790  to  1803. 

"Woods,  John ;  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1794;  removed,  with  his  father,  to 
Ohio  in  his  infancy;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819; 
settled  in  Hamilton  County,  and  at  once  took  a  high 
stand  in  his  profession;  in  1824  was  elected  'to  Con 
gress  and  served  two  terms;  in  1829  became  the  ed 
itor  and  publisher  of  the  Hamilton  Intelligencer,  and 
so  continued  until  1832,  when  he  returned  to  his 
profession,  which  he  successfully  practiced  until 
1815,  when  he  was  elected  auditor  of  the  State, 
which  office  he  held  for  two  terms;  while  Auditor  he 
did  much  to  preserve  the  credit  of  the  State.  Died 
in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  July  30,  1855. 

"Woods,  John ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1815  to  1817. 

"Woods,  John;  was  Governor  of  Illinois  for  a 
part  of  the  years  1860  and  1861. 

"Woods,  "W.  B.;  was  born  in  Newark,  Ohio; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1845;  studied  law,  and 
began  the  practice  in  1847;  in  1857  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  Legislature  and  made  Speaker;  was  re-elected 
to  the  same  body  in  1859;  in  1861  went  into  the  mil 
itary  service  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Seventy- 
sixth  Ohio  Infantry;  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war  and  was  mustered  out  with  the  rank  of  Briga 
dier-General  and  Brevet  Major-General;  was  mus 
tered  out  of  service  in  Alabama,  where  he  remained ; 
in  1868  was  chosen  a  State  Chancellor  for  six  years; 
after  serving  as  such  two  years,  was  appointed  Cir 
cuit  Judge  of  the  United  States  for  the  Fifth  Circuit, 
residing  in  Mobile;  in  1881  was  appointed  a  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

"Woods,  "William ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  New  York  from  1823  to  1825,  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Steuben  County 
in  1828. 

"Woods,  "William  Allan ;  was  born  near  Farm- 
ington,  Marshall  county,  Tennessee,  May  16,  1837; 
removed,  with  his  stepfather,  to  Davis  County,  Iowa, 
in  1847;  received  an  academic  training,  and  gradu 
ated  from  Wabash  College  in  1855;  during  the  suc 
ceeding  year  was  Tutor  in  that  institution;  in  1860 
removed  to  Marion,  Indiana,  where  he  taught  school 
and  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831; 
in  1862  removed  to  Goshen,  Indiana,  where  he  prac 
ticed  his  profession  successfully;  in  1867  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature;  in  1873 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Thirty -fourth  Judicial  Cir 
cuit,  and  served,  by  re-election,  until  1881,  wheu  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  was 


soon  after  made  Chief  Justice  of  that  Court;  in  1883 
was  appointed  United  States  District  Judge  for  the 
District  of  Indiana,  and  removed  to  Indianapolis. 

"Woodside,  Jonathan  F.;  was  a  citizen  of 
Ohio;  in  1835  was  appointed  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
Denmark,  where  he  remained  until  1841. 

Woodson,  Samuel  H.;  was  born  in  Jessamine 
County,  Kentucky,  October  24,  1815;  graduated  at 
Centre  College;  became  a  lawyer;  was  a  member  of 
the  Missouri  General  Assembly  in  1853  and  1854; 
was  a  member  of  the  "  Constitutional  Convention"  of 
Missouri  in  1855 ;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  that  State,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

"Woodson,  Samuel  H.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Kentucky  from  1821  to  1825. 

"Woodson,  Silas;  was  Governor  of  Missouri 
from  1873  to  1875. 

Wood-ward,  Augustus  B.;  was  a  native  of 
Virginia;  emigrated  to  Michigan  in  1805;  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Territory,  which  honorable 
position  he  held  until  1824;  was  the  author  of  a 
"Code  of  Laws,"  which  bears  his  name ;  in  1824  was 
appointed  a  Judge  for  the  Territory  of  Florida,  and 
died  there  after  a  service  of  three  years.  He  was  the 
man  who,  in  1812,  had  a  resolution  adopted  in  the 
Legislature  prohibiting  the  wearing  of  apparel  made 
from  English  goods.  The  colleagues  of  Judge  Wood 
ward  on  the  bench  were  Frederick  Bates  and  John 
Griffin,  in  regard  to  whom  the  writer  has  been  un 
able  to  obtain  any  biographic  particulars.  We  have 
seen  it  stated  that  Judge  Woodward,  in  conjunction 
with  John  Steward  and  William  W.  Harwood, 
founded  the  town  of  Ypsilanti  in  1825;  but,  if  he 
went  to  Florida  iu  1824,  the  statement  cannot  be 
true. 

"Woodward,  George  W.;  was  born  in  Beth 
any,  Pennsylvania,  March  26,  1809;  received  an 
academic  education ;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was 
a  member  of  the  "  State  Constitutional  Convention" 
of  1837;  in  1841  was  appointed  President  Judge  of 
the  Fourth  Judicial  District,  and  held  the  office  ten 
years;  in  1852  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  and  held  the  position  for 
nearly  sixteen  years;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Fortieth  and  Forty-first 
Congresses,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Mines  and. 
Mining,  Revision  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States, 
Private  Land  Claims,  Reconstruction,  and  the  Li 
brary;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York  Convention 
of  1868. 

"Woodward,  Gilbert  M.;  was  born  at  Washing 
ton,  District  of  Columbia,  December  25,  1835:  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education;  engaged  in  the 
printing  business  from  1850  to  1860;  in  the  latter 
year  removed  to  Wisconsin  and  settled  at  La  Crosse;  « 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice;  entered 
the  Union  Army  in  1862  and  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war,  in  1865;  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at 
La  Crosse;  was  District  Attorney  of  La  Crosse 
County  for  eight  years;  was,  at  different  times,  Al 
derman,  Mayor,  and  City  Attorney  of  La  Crosse; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  National  Convention  of  the 
National  Liberal  party  in  1872,  and  to  the  Demo 
cratic  National  Convention  in  1880;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Wisconsin  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 


560 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


"Woodward,  Joseph  A.;  was  bora  in  South 
Carolina;  was  a  Kepreseatative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1643  to  1847. 

Woodward,  William;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  South  Carolina  from  1815  to  1817. 

Woodworth,  JsftnesH.;  was  born  December 
4,  1804,  in  Greenwich,  Washington  County,  New 
York;  lived  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one  years  of  age; 
received  a  limited  education  at  the  schools  in  the 
vicinity,  and  removed  to  Fabius,  Onondaga  County, 
New  York;  taught  a  village  school  for  a  few  months; 
then  engaged  in  mercantile  business;  in  1827  went 
to  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania,  residing  there  four 
years;  removed  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1833;  in  1839 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  in  1842  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Lower  House;  from  1845  to  1850  was  con 
nected  with  the  city  government  of  Chicago,  being 
two  years  Mayor;  was  a  Representative  from  Illinois 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

Woodworth,  Laurin  D.;  was  born  in  Wind- 
ham,  Ohio,  September  10,  1837;  was  educated  at 
Hiram  College;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1859,  and 
practiced  law  at  Ravenna,  Ohio;  was  a  Major  in  the 
army  in  the  war  for  the  Union ;  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Ohio  in  1867  and  1869;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Interior  Department  and  Manufactures;  was  re 
flected  to  the  Forty-fourth  Congress. 

Woodworth,  William  W.;  was  born  in  Con 
necticut;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
New  York  from  1845  to  1847. 

Worcester,  Samuel  T.;  was  born  in  Hollis, 
Hillsborough  County,  New  Hampshire,  August  30, 
1804;  graduated  at  Cambridge  University  in  1830; 
ibr  two  years  was  a  Preceptor  at  the  Waymouth 
Academy,  Massachusetts;  studied  law  at  Cambridge, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1834;  went  to  Ohio  that  year, 
and  settled  at  Norwalk  in  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion;  in  1848  and  1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate;  in  1859  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  which  position  he  held  until  elected  a 
Representative  from  Ohio  to  the  Thirty -seventh  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Elections,  Ac 
counts,  and  Agriculture. 

Word,  Thomas  J.;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Mississippi  from  1838  to  1839. 

"Worman,  Ludwig' ;  was  born  in  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  tanner  by  occupation;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1820  to  1822.  Died  in  1822. 

Wortendyke,  Jacob  R.;  was  born  at  Chestnut 
Ridge,  in  the  Township  of  Harrington,  Bergen 
County,  New  Jersey,  November  27,  1818;  graduated 
at  Rutgers  College  in  1839;  was,  for  several  years, 
teacher  of  the  classics  and  mathematics;  commenced 
the  study  of  law  in  1849,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1852;  was  Alderman  of  Jersey  City,  where  he 
practiced  law;  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Public  Expenditures;  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  the  New  York  Convention  of  1868.  Died  in 
Jersey  City,  New  Jer-ey,  November  7,  1868. 

Worth,  Jonathan;  was  born  in  1797;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina  from  1829  to 
1834;  when  the  Nullification  excitement  arose,  took 
an  active  part,  and  introduced  into  the  House  a  reso 
lution  in  its  condemnation;  when  the  Rebellion 
commenced,  in  1861,  was  again  found  advocating  the 


Union  cause,  but  declined  to  take  any  active  part  in 
public  affairs;  was  Governor  of  North  Carolina  from 
1865  to  18o9.  Died  at  Raleigh,  September  5,  1869. 

Worthington,  H.  G-.;  was  born  in  Cumberland, 
Maryland,  February  9,  1828;  received  an  academic 
education;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1851  -f 
in  that  year  removed  to  California,  and  settled  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Tuolumme  Cqjmty, 
where  he  remained  until  1856;  subsequently  spent 
some  time  in  Central  America  and  Mexico,  arid  then 
resumed  his  profession  in  California;  in  1861  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  from  the  city  and 
county  of  San  Francisco;  in  18(52  removed  to  the 
Territory  of  Nevada,  and  settled  in  Austin;  on  the 
admission  of  Nevada  as  a  State,  was  elected  the  first 
Representative  therefrom,  taking  his  seat  during  the 
second  session  of  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress;  in  1868 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Uruguay.  . 

Worthington,  John  T.  H.;  was  born  in  Mary 
land;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that 
State  from  1831  to  1833,  and  again  from  1837  to  1841. 

Worthington,  Nicholas  E.;  was  born  in 
Brooke  County,  West  Virginia,  March  30,  1835; 
graduated  from  Allegheny  College,  Meadville,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1855;  removed  to  Illinois,  and  settled  at 
Peoria;  was  County  Superintendent  of  Schools  from 
1864  to  1872;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at 
Peoria;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Public 
Instruction  from  1868  to  1872;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  Illinois  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

Worthingbon,  Thomas;  was  born  in  Jefferson 
County,  Virginia,  about  1769;  emigrated  to  Ohio, 
and  settled  in  Ross  County  in  1798;  in  1803  was  a 
member  of  the  "State  Constitutional  Convention  "; 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Ohio,  from  1S03  to 
1807,  and  again  from  1810  to  1814,  when  he  resigned; 
from  1814  to  1818  was  Governor  of  Ohio;  after  his 
retirement  from  that  office  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  first  Board  of  Canal  Commissioners,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  1827. 

Worthing-ton,  Thomas  C.;  was  born  in  Prince 
George  County.  M  iryland;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1827.  Died 
June  19,  1827. 

Wren,  Thomas ;  was  born  at  McArthurstown, 
Ohio,  January  2,  1826;  received  a  common  school 
education;  studied  and  practiced  law;  was  Deputy 
Clerk  of  El  Dorado  County,  California,  in  1855,  185  i, 
and  1857;  City  Attorney  of  Austin.  Nevada,  in  1874, 
875,  and  1876;  was  a  Representative  in  the  Nevada 
Legislature  in  1875;  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Nevada  to  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Wright,  Augustus  B.;  was  born  at  Wrights- 
borough,  Columbia  County,  Georgia,  June  16,  1813; 
commenced  his  education  at  a  grammar  school;  after 
wards  entered  Franklin  College,  but  left  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  junior  year  without  graduating;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine  was 
elected  Circuit  Judge;  resigned  before  the  expiration, 
of  the  second  term,  and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Georgia  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Coirgress,  serving  as  a, 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Colum 
bia;  took  part  in  the  Rebellion. 

Wright,  Carroll  D.;  was  born  at  Dunbarton, 
New  Hampshire,  July  25,  1840;  attended  the  acade 
mies  at  Washington,  Alstead.  and  Chester,  Vermont; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


561 


began  the  study  of  law  at  Keene,  New  Hampshire, 
and  continued  it  at  Dedham  and  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts;  in  August,  1862,  while  on  a  visit  to  Keene, 
New  Hampshire,  enlisted  in  the  Union  Army  and 
was  commissioned  a  Second  Lieutenant;  in  the  fall  of 
1863  was  appointed  Adjutant  of  his  regiment;  was 
promoted  Assistant  Adjutant-General;  at  the  close  of 
General  Sheridan's  campaign  in  the  Sheuaudoah  Val 
ley,  was  commissioned  Colonel;  after  the  close  of  the 
Civil  War  resumed  the  study  of  law  at  Keene.  New 
Hampshire;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  there  in  October, 
1865,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  iu  1867  es 
tablished  himself  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  residing  at  Heading,  near 
that  city;  in  1871  was  elected  a  State  Senator  of 
Massachusetts;  was  re-elected  in  1872;  in  1873  was 
appointed,  by  the  Governor,  Chief  of  the  .Massa 
chusetts  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor;  in  1879  de 
livered  a  course  of  lectures  before  the  Lowell  Insti 
tute,  in  Boston;  in  1880  was  Supervisor  of  the  United 
States  Census  for  the  District  of  Massachusetts;  in 
1881  was  chosen  University  Lecturer  at  Harvard 
College  on  the  factory  system;  in  January,  1885,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Commissioner  of 
the  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor,  at  Washington. 

"Wright,  Daniel  B.;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Mississippi  from 
1 853  to  1857. 

Wright,  Ed-win  R.  V.;  was  born  in  Hoboken, 
New  Jersey,  January  2,  1812;  received  an  academic 
education;  adopted  the  trade  of  a  printer,  and,  as  early 
as  1835,  edited  and  published  a  newspaper  called  the 
Jersey  Blue;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the  bar  in  1839; 
in  1843  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  was  a 
leading  advocate  of  the  present  free  school  system  of 
the  State;  in  1851  was  appointed  District  Attorney 
for  Hudson  County,  and  held  the  office  for  five  years; 
was  also  a  Major-General  of  Militia  for  several  years, 
commanding  the  Second  Division  of  the  State;  in 
1859  was  the  candidate  of  the  Democratic  party  for 
the  office  of  Governor,  but  was  defeated  by  a  small 
majority;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  New 
Jersey  to  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Appropriations,  and  the  Special  Com 
mittee  on  the  death  of  President  Lincoln.  Died  in 
Jersey  City,  January  19,  1871. 

"Wright,  George  C.;  was  born  in  Bloomingtou, 
Indiana,  March  24,  1820;  graduated  at  the  State  Uni 
versity  in  1839;  read  law  with  his  brother,  Joseph  A. 
Wright;  removed  to  Iowa  in  1840;  served  as  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  in  1847;  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1849;  in  1854  was  chosen  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State;  was  elected  to  the 
same  office  by  the  people  in  1860  and  1865;  was  a 
Professor  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  Uni 
versity  for  six  years,  from  1865;  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1871  and  ending  in  1877,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Finance,  Judiciary,  and  Civil  Service. 

Wright,  George  H. ;  was  born  in  Concord,  Mas 
sachusetts,  June  4,  1817;  passed  seven  years  on  a 
farm;  settled  in  Boston  as  a  merchant  in  1832;  was 
connected  with  the  Boston  Conner  for  two  years, 
from  1837,  after  which  he  settled  in  Nantucket  in  the 
whaling  business;  went  to  California  in  1849;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  during 
the  years  1850  and  1851. 

Wright,  Hendrick  B.;  was  born  in  Luzerue 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  24,  1808;  graduated  at 
Dickinson  College  in  1829;  studied  law,  and  came  to 
the  bar  in  1831;  in  1834  was  appointed  Deputy  At- 

36 


torney-General  for  Lnzerne  Connty;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1841  and  1842;  was  re-elected 
in  1843,  and  was  made  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a 
member  of  all  the  National  Democratic  Conventions 
between  1840  and  1860,  and  of  that  Convention  which 
nominated  Mr.  Polk  for  President  was  the  presiding 
officer;  in  1852  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress;  was  also 
elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  Congress,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  George  W.  Scranton, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs;  was  again  a  Representative  in  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses.  Died  September  2, 
1881. 

Wright,  John  C.;  was  born  in  1783;  attained 
eminence  as  a  lawyer,  and  early  rose  to  the  Supreme 
Bench  of  Ohio;  his  Law  Reports  are  a  part  of  all 
good  libraries  in  the  Western  States;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Ohio  from  1823  to  1829; 
was,  for  many  years,  the  owner  and  editor  of  the  Cin 
cinnati  Gazette;  took  an  active  part,  as  Delegate  from 
Ohio,  in  the  "Peace  Congress"  of  February,  1861. 
Died  in  Washington,  before  the  adjournment  of  that 
body,  on  the  13th  of  that  month. 

W  right,  John  V.;  was  born  in  McNairy  County, 
Tennessee,  June  28,  1828;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion;  was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses  from  his  native 
State,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Rev 
olutionary  Pensions  and  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty -sixth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

WYight,  Joseph  A.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
April  17,  1810;  when  a  boy  removed  to  Indiana 
with  his  parents,  and  became  janitor  in  the  Univers 
ity  of  that  State,  enjoying,  at  the  same  time,  the 
privileges  of  a  student;  studied  law,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1829;  in  1833  was  elected  to  the  State  Leg 
islature;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
from  1843  to  1845  was  a  Representative  in  Congress; 
was  Governor  of  Indiana  from  1849  to  1857;  during 
the  latter  year  was  appointed,  by  President  Buchan 
an,  Minister  to  Prussia;  in  1862  was  appointed  a 
Senator  in  Congress  in  place  of  J.  D.  Bright,  serving 
one  session;  in  1863  was  appointed,  by  President 
Lincoln,  a  Commissioner  to  attend  the  Hamburg  Ex 
hibition;  in  1865  was  appointed,  by  President  John 
son,  for  the  second  time.  Minister  to  Prussia.  Died 
in  Berlin,  March  11,  1867. 

"Wright,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Kent  County, 
Maryland;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Maryland, 
from  1801  to  1806,  when  he  resigned;  was,  at  one 
time,  member  of  the  State  Executive  Council;  was 
Governor  of  Maryland  from  1806  to  1809;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Maryland,  from 
1810  to  1817;  was  re-elected  for  the  term  from  1821 
to  1823.  Died  September  7,  1826. 

Wright,  Samuel  G-.;  was  born  in  1787;  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  a  member-elect  of  Congress 
from  New  Jersey.  Died  near  Allentown,  New  Jer 
sey,  July  30,  1845. 

Wright,  Silas  ;  was  born  at  Amherst,  Massa 
chusetts.  May  24,  1795;  worked  upon  his  father's 
farm  in  Vermont,  in  the  summer,  and  attended  school 
in  the  winter;  entered  college  in  August,  1811,  and 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1815;  read  law 
in  Washington  County,  New  York,  teaching  school 
one  or  two  winters  to  aid  in  defraying  his  expenses; 
in  1819  settled  in  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Canton, 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York,  where  he  continued 


562 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


his  residence  until  his  death;  was  soon  made  a  Mag 
istrate  and  Postmaster  of  his  town,  and  Surrogate  of 
his  county;  early  raised  a  uniformed  militia  rifle 
company,  of  which  he  was  unanimously  chosen  Cap 
tain,  from  which  position  he  rose  to  be  Colonel  of  a 
rifle  regiment,  and  became  a  Brigadier-General  of  In- 
fantiy  in  1827;  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
November,  1823,  and  served  until  March  4,  1827, 
when  he  resigned  that  office,  having  been  elected  to 
Congress  in  November,  1826;  took  his  seat  in  Con 
gress  in  December,  1827;  was  re-elected  in  Novem 
ber,  1828;  having  been  elected  State  Comptroller, 
January  27,  1829,  resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  be 
fore  serving  out  his  term ;  while  in  Congress  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  tariff  investigations  and 
discussions  of  1828;  served  as  Comptroller  from  the 
time  of  his  election  until  he  was  chosen  United 
States  Senator,  in  the  early  part  of  January,  1833, 
when  he  immediately  took  his  seat  in  the  Senate; 
was  re-elected  in  February,  1837,  and  again  in  Feb 
ruary,  1843,  and  continued  to  serve  until  December, 
1844,  when  he  resigned;  in  November,  1844,  was 
elected  Governor  of  New  York,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  January  1,  1845;  in  1847  retired  to  private 
life,  devoting  himself  to  the  cultivation  of  his  farm, 
and  enjoying  the  society  of  his  early  friends  and 
neighbors;  while  in  the  United  States  Senate  he 
served  most  of  his  time  on  the  Committee  on  Finance, 
and  introduced  the  first  Sub-Treasury  bill,  which 
became  a  law;  President  Tyler  offered  him  a  seat 
upon  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  he  de 
clined  ;  by  other  Presidents  he  was  offered  seats  in 
their  cabinets  and  missions  abroad,  all  of  which  he 
refused;  his  last  labor,  for  the  public  was  the  prepar 
ation  of  an  address  for  the  State  Agricultural  Society, 
which,  having  been  finished,  was  read  to  that  body 
a  short  time  after  his  death,  by  his  friend,  General 
Dix;  he  appeared  twice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  to  argue  cases  of  high  importance,  and 
established  in  that  tribunal  a  high  reputation  as  a 
lawyer.  On  August  27,  1847,  died  suddenly  at  his 
residence  in  Canton. 

"Wright,  Turbett ;  was  a  Delegate  from  Mary 
land  to  the  Continental  Congress  from  1781  to  1782. 

"Wright,  "William;  was  born  in  Clarkstown, 
Rockland  County,  New  York,  in  1794;  learned  the 
business  of  a  saddler  when  a  boy,  and  followed  it  for 
seven  years,  at  Bridgeport,  Connecticut;  removed  to 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  1823;  was  elected  Mayor  of 
that  city  in  the  years  1840,  1841,  1842,  and  1843; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  Jersey 
from  1843  to  1847;  was  a  candidate  for  Governor  in 
1848,  but  was  defeated;  in  1853  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in  1859,  serving  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures,  and 
that  on  the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate;  in 
1863  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  term 
ending  in  1869,  serving  on  the  Committees  on  Manu 
factures,  Public  Lands,  and  Revolutionary  Claims. 
Died  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  November  1,  1866. 

"Wurtz,  John ;  was  born  in  Morris  County,  New 
Jersey;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1813;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from 
1825  to  1827.  Died  in  Rome,  Italy,  April  23, 1861. 

Wyohe,  James  B.;  was  born  in  Mississippi;  re 
moved  to  Michigan;  was  appointed  from  that  State 
an  Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States  Court  for 
the  Territory  of  Washington,  residing  at  Vancouver. 

Wylie,  Andrew;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
in  1864  was  appointed,  from  the  District  of  Colum 


bia,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Wyman,  A.  U.;  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  As 
sistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Washington; 
was  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  from  July,  1876, 
to  July  1877;  then  resumed  the  position  of  Assistant 
Treasurer,  in  which  he  remained  until  March,  1883, 
when  he  was  again  appointed  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States;  in  1885  resigned,  and  became  a  bank 
official  in  New  York. 

"Wynooop,  Henry ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  from  1779  to  1783;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1789 
to  1791;  was  one  of  those  who  voted  for  locating  the 
Seat  of  Government  on  the  Potomac. 

"Wynn,  Richard ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  entered 
the  military  service  early  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  in  1775  was  Lieutenant  of  South  Carolina  Rang 
ers,  serving  in  the  battle  on  Sullivan's  Island;  was 
in  command  of  Fort  Mclntosh,  Georgia;  promoted  to 
Colonel  and  commanded  the  militia  at  Fairfield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina;  was  with  Sumter  at  Hanging 
Rock,  where  he  was  wounded;  was  active  during  the 
remainder  of  the  war,  and  at  its  close  was  appointed 
a  Brigadier  and  then  a  Major-General  of  Militia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  South  Carolina 
from  1793  to  1797,  and  again  from  1802  to  1813. 
Died  in  Tennessee,  about  the  year  1813. 

Wynn,  Thomas ;  was  born,  lived,  and  died  in 
Hertford  County,  North  Carolina;  was  a  General  of 
Militia;  was  a  planter  by  occupation;  served  a  num 
ber  of  years  in  the  House  of  Commons  and  Senate; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  in  1802,  in  the  place 
of  C.  Johnston,  deceased,  and  from  1803  to  1807;  in 
1800  and  1808  was  a  Presidential  Elector.  Died  June 
3, 1825. 

Wythe,  George ;  was  born  in  Elizabeth  City, 
Virginia,  in  1728;  was  educated  chiefly  by  his  moth 
er;  when  thirty  years  of  age  commenced  the  study  of 
law,  and  soon  came  to  the  bar;  was,  for  a  longtime, 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses;  was  Chancellor 
of  Virginia;  in  1764  was  appointed  to  prepare  a  peti 
tion  against  the  Stamp  Act;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress  from  1775  to  1777,  and  signed 
the  Declaration  of  Independence;  was  also  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Federal  Consti 
tution,  but  refused  to  sign  the  instrument;  was  the 
Chairman  of  a  Committee  to  revise  the  Laws  of  Vir 
ginia,  which  he  accomplished  with  credit;  in.  1777 
was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Delegates;  was  appoint 
ed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Chancery;  owned  a  large 
number  of  slaves,  to  one  of  whom  he  taught  the 
Latin  and  Greek  languages,  and  suddenly  manumit 
ted  all  of  them ;  the  honor  was  awarded  to  him  of 
having  been  the  instructor  of  Thomas  Jefferson.  Died 
June  8,  1806. 

Yancey,  Benjamin  O. ;  was  a  citizen  of  Geor 
gia;  in  1858  was  appointed  Minister  Resident  to  the 
Argentine  Confederation,  where  he  remained  a  little 
more  than  one  year. 

Yancey,  "William  L.;  was  born  at  Ogeecheo 
Shoals,  Georgia,  August  18, 1814;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  in  the  Northern  States;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
in  South  Carolina;  in  1837  settled  in  Alabama  and  ed 
ited  the  Cahawba  Democrat  andWetumpka^r^ws;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Alabama  from  1844 
to  1847;  before  entering  Congress,  had  served  in  the 
Alabama  Legislature,  and,  after  leaving  it,  served  as 
a  member  of  various  political  conventions,  first  at 
Baltimore  in  1848,  then  at  Cincinnati  in  1856,  and  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


563 


Charleston  in  1860,  in  which  he  bore  a  conspicuous 
part;  in  1856  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  subsequent 
ly  visited  Europe  as  an  agent  of  the  Southern  States 
during  the  great  Kebellion  of  1861;  also  held  several 
other  appointments  under  the  Confederate  Govern 
ment.  Died  near  Montgomery,  Alabama,  July  28, 
1863. 

Yancy,  Bartlett ;  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  where 
he  was,  for  a  time,  tutor;  his  first  appearance  in  pub 
lic  life  was  as  a  member  of  Congress  from  North  Car 
olina,  in  1813,  where  he  served  four  years;  served  for 
many  years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  frequently 
as  Speaker  of  the  House;  his  position  as  a  lawyer 
was  unsurpassed.  Died  iu  Caswell  County,  August 
30,  1828. 

Yancy,  Joel ;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Kentucky  from  1827  to  1831. 

Yaple,  G-eorge  L.;  was  born  at  Leonidas,  St. 
Joseph  County,  Michigan,  February  20,  1851;  gradu 
ated  in  the  classical  course  at  the  Northwestern  Uni 
versity,  Evanston,  Illinois,  in  1871;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1872;  engaged  in  farming  until  1877  when 
he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law;  was  an  unsuc 
cessful  candidate  for  Congress  in  1880;  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Michigan  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Yates,  Abraham,  Jr.;  was  a  Delegate  from 
New  York  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1787  and 

1788. 

Yates,  John  B.;  was  born  in  New  York;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York  from  1815 
to  1817;  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that  State 
in  1836,  from  Madison  County. 

Yates,  Richard  ;  was  born  in  Kentucky,  Janu 
ary  18,  1818;  removed  to  Illinois;  graduated  at  Illi 
nois  College;  was  educated  for  the  law;  frequently  , 
served  in  the  State  Legislature;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1851  to  1855;  in 
1861  was  elected  Governor  of  Illinois  for  four  years, 
and  participated  extensively  in  the  raising  of  troops 
for  the  National  Army  during  the  Rebellion;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Illinois  for  the 
term  commencing  in  1865  and  ending  in  1871,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committees  on  the  District  of  Columbia, 
the  Pacific  Railroad,  Territories,  Pensions,  Manufac 
tures,  and  Mines  and  Mining,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Claims  and  Territor 
ies;  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  "  Loyal 
ists'  Convention"  of  1866. 

Yates,  Robert ;  was  born  in  Schenectady,  New 
York,  January  27,  1738;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion  in  New  York  City;  studied  law  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  at  Albany  in  1760;  was  a  writer  in 
defense  of  liberty  during  the  Revolution;  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety;  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Military  operations,  in  1776  and 
1777;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  1777 
to  1790;  was  Chief  Justice  from  1790  to  1798;  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  that  framed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  which  instrument  he  op 
posed;  preserved  the  debates  of  that  Convention, 
which  were  published  by  his  widow,  12ino,  in  1839; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Convention  which  adopted 
the  Constitution;  soon  after  was  commissioned  to 
treat  with  the  States  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecti 
cut,  on  the  subject  of  Territory,  and  to  settle  the 
Claims  of  New  York  against  the  State  of  Vermont. 
Died  at  Albany,  September  9,  1801. 


Yates,  Peter  W.;  was  a  Delegate  from  New 
York,  to  the  Continental  Congress,  from  1785  to  1787. 

Yeaman,  George  H.;  was  born  in  Hardin 
County,  Kentucky,  November  1  1829;  received  his 
early  education  under  many  difficulties;  studied  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  his  twenty-third  year,  enter 
ing  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Owens- 
boro',  Davies  County,  Kentucky;  in  1854  was  elected 
Judge  of  Davies  County,  and  from  that  time  until 
1858  devoted  his  whole  attention  to  the  law,  acquir 
ing  an  extensive  practice  in  the  Circuit  Court  and 
Court  of  Appeals;  in  1861  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  Kentucky;  in  1862  was  engaged  in  raising 
a  regiment  for  the  Union  service;  when  J.  S.  Jack 
son  resigned  he  was  elected,  as  his  successor,  a  Rep 
resentative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Thirty-seventh 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  same  commitfee;  in  1865  was  appointed, 
by  President  Johnson,  Minister  Resident  to  Denmark. 

Yeates,  Jasper;  was  a  member  of  the  Lancaster 
County  (Pennsylvania)  Committee  of  Correspondence 
in  1774;  of  the  Convention  which  ratified  the  Federal 
Constitution  in  1788;  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania  from  1791  until  his  death; 
published  ' '  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Pennsylvania,"  from  1791  to  1 808,  Philadelphia, 
4  vols.  8vd~.  Died  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
March  14,  1817. 

Yeates,  Jesse  J. ;  was  born  in  Hertford  County, 
North  Carolina,  May  29,  1829;  received  a  collegiate 
education;  became  a  lawyer;  was  Solicitor  of  Hert 
ford  County  from  1855  to  1860;  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1860;  served  as  a  Major  in 
the  Confederate  Army;  was  Solicitor  of  the  First 
Judicial  Circuit  from  1861  to  1866;  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1871;  was 
elected  a  Representative  from  North  Carolina  to  the 
Forty-fourth  Congress;  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth 
Congress. 

Yell,  Archibald;  was  born  in  Tennessee;  re 
moving  to  Arkansas,  was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Territory;  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1835  to  1839;  was  again  elected  in 
1845,  serving  only  until  1846;  was  Governor  of 
Arkansas  in  1842  and  1844;  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Buena  Vista,  while  in  command  of  a  regiment  of 
Arkansas  mounted  Volunteers. 

Yocum,  Seth  H.;  was  born  in  Columbia  County, 
Pennsylvania,  August  2,  1834 ;  graduated  at  Dickin 
son  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1860;  studied  law  and 
engaged  in  the  practice;  served  in  the  Union  Army 
in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion ;  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Forty-sixth  Congress. 

York,  Tyre;  was  born  in  Surry  County,  North 
Carolina,  May  4,  1836;  was  reared  on  a  farm;  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools,  and  attended  an 
academy  one  session;  studied  medicine,  graduating 
from  Charleston  College,  South  Carolina,  in  1857;  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1865  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  served  in  one  or  the  other  branch  of  that  body 
almost  continuously  until  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  to  the  Forty-eighth  Congress. 

Yorke,  Thomas  J.;  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843;  was 
a  candidate  for  election  to  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress, 
but,  although  he  came  with  the  broad  seal  of  hia 
State,  was  not  admitted. 


564 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


Yost,  Ja.cob  S.;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania;  was 
a  Eepresentative  in  Congress  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

Young,  Augustus ;  was  born  in  Arlington, 
Vermont,  March  20,  1785;  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
,in  St.  Albans,  in  1810;  commenced  practice  at  Stowe, 
and  in  about  eighteen  months  removed  to  Craftsbury, 
which  town  he  represented  in  the  General  Assembly 
during  eight  sessions;  was  four  years  State's  Attor 
ney  for  Orleans  County;  was  Judge  of  Probate  in 
1830;  in  1836  was  chosen  State  Senator;  was  twice 
re-elected;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Vermont  from  1841  to  1843,  and  declined  a  re 
election;  in  1847  removed  to  St.  Albans;  was,  for 
several  years,  Judge  of  Franklin  County  Court;  sub 
sequently  devoted  himself  to  literary  and  scientific 
pursuits,  and  being  a  learned  geologist  and  min 
eralogist,  was  appointed,  in  18~i6,  State  Naturalist. 
Died  at  St.  Albans,  July  17,  1857.  He  was  highly 
popular,  possessed  great  talents,  and  his  scientific 
books  and  tracts  indicate  that  he  was  a  great  mathe 
matician  and  a  profound  reasoner. 

Young,  Brigham;  was  born  at  Whittingham, 
Vermont,  June  1.  1801;  in  1832  founded  the  Mor 
mon  sect,  at  Kirkland,  Ohio;  was  one  of  the  apostles 
sent  out  to  make  converts  in  1835;  was  chosen  Presi 
dent  and  Prophet  in  1844;  abandoned  Nauvoo  in 
1846,  and  pursuaded  his  followers  that  Salt  Lake 
Valley  was  the  Promised  Land;  settled  there  in 
1847;  in  1849  organized  a  State  called  Deseret,  but 
Congress  organized  it  as  the  Territory  of  Utah,  of 
which  he  was  United  States  Governor  from  1850  to 
1854:  the  Mormons  having  defied  the  Federal  Gov 
ernment,  President  Buchanan,  in  1857,  sent  a  force 
to  enforce  its  authority,  and  in  1858  a  compromise 
was  made;  had  twelve  actual  wives,  besides  many 
who  had  been  "scaled  to  him"  as  his  spiritual 
wives;  as  the  head  of  the  Mormon  Church,  he  was 
long  Governor  of  the  Territory,  and  "President"  by 
semi-annual  election. 

Young,  Bryan  R.;  was  born  in  Kentucky;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  State  from 
1845  to  1847. 

Young,  Casey  ;  was  born  near  Tuscaloosa,  Ala 
bama,  in  1832;  removed,  with  his  father,  to  Marshall 
County,  Mississippi,  when  a  child,  and  settled  upon 
alarm;  received  a  classical  education  at  the  village 
school,  and  by  his  own  exertions;  removed  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  1854,  and  wrote  for  the  press 
for  about  three  years;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  185<>,  and  began  to  practice;  was  on  the 
electoral  ticket  for  Douglass  in  1860;  was  opposed  to 
the  separation  of  the  Union  until  the  secession  of 
Tennessee,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  army  of  the  Con 
federacy;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  of  Cavalry; 
after  the  war  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  declined 
the  nomination  for  Mayor  of  Memphis  in  1871;  was 
defeated  for  Congress  in  1872;  in  1874  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Tennessee  to  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress;  was  re-elected  to  the  Forty-fifth  and  Forty- 
sixth  Congresses;  also  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress. 

Young,  Ebenezer  ;  was  born  in  Killingly,  Con 
necticut,  in  1784;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1806; 
in  1823  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate;  was  twice  re- 
elected;  was  two  yeai.  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1835.  Died 
at  West  Killingly,  August  18,  1851. 

Young,  John;  was  born  in  Chelsea,  Orange 
County,  Vermont,  in  1802;  when  a  boy  removed, 


with  his  father,  to  Livingston  County,  New  York; 
received  a  common  school  education  at  Conesus; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829; 
was  in  the  State  Legislature  in  1831,  1844,  and  1845; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  New  York, 
from  1841  to  1843;  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1847  to  1849;  was  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  in  New  York  City,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  April  23,  1852. 

Young,  John  D.;  was  born  in  Bath  County, 
Kentucky,  September  22,  1823;  received  an  English 
education;  from  1843  to  1847  was  Sheriff  of  his  native 
county,  having  previously  served  three  years  as  Dep 
uty  ;  served  for  a  time  as  Deputy  United  States  Mar 
shall;  was  a  Judge  of  Probate  from  1858  to  1862; 
was  re-elected  in  1866;  resigned  in  1867;  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Kentucky  to  the  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  but  was  refused  his  seat;  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress,  serving  on  several  Committees. 

Young,  John  Russell ;  was  born  in  Westchester, 
Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  November  20,  1841; 
his  parents  were  Scotch-Irish,  from  County  Tyrone, 
Ireland;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Phil 
adelphia  and  the  high  school  of  New  Orleans;  in 
1857  was  engaged  as  an  office  boy  in  the  office  of  the 
Press,  in  Philadelphia,  and  there  learned  the  profes 
sion  of  journalism;  as  the  representative  of  the  Press 
witnessed  the  opening  campaigns  of  the  Civil  War, 
from  Bull  Run  to  Cbickahominy;  in  1864  accom 
panied  General  Banks  on  his  Red  River  expedition; 
on  his  return  became  the  chief  editor  of  the  Press; 
resigned  in  1865,  and  entered  the  service  of  the  New 
York  Tribune;  was  managing  editor  from  1866  to 
1869;  in  1867  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  York; 
in  1871  went  abroad  as  one  of  the  foreign  correspond 
ents  of  the  New  York  Herald,  in  which  service  he 
traversed  the  British  Isles  and  the  Continent;  in 
1877  accompanied  General  Grant  in  his  famous  tour 
around  the  world,  which  occupied  two  years;  pub 
lished  the  result  of  his  observations  in  two  volumes 
entitled,  "Around  the  World  with  General  Grant"; 
on  his  return  resumed  his  position  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  New  York  Herald;  in  1882  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  to  China. 

Young,  John  S.;  was  born  in  Wake  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  4,  1834;  removed,  with 
his  father,  to  Tennessee  iu  183G,  and  thence  to  Ar 
kansas  in  1848;  graduated  from  Centenary  College, 
Louisiana,  in  1855;  located  at  Homer.  Louisiana; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857; 
served  in  the  Confederate  Army  throughout  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel;  at  the  close  of  the  war  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  Homer;  was  a  District  Judge; 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  Louisiana  to  the 
Forty-fifth  Congress. 

Young,  P.  M.  B.;  was  born  in  Spartanburg, 
South  Carolina,  in  1838;  graduated  at  the  Georgia 
Military  Institute  in  1857;  was  a  Cadet  at  the  West 
Point  Academy  when  the  Rebellion  commenced,  but 
resigned  that  position  when  Georgia  seceded,  and 
joined  the  Confederate  Army;  rose,  by  promotions,  to 
the  rank  of  Major-General,  receiving  two  wounds  in 
battle;  in  1868  was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Georgia  to  the  Forty-first  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Mileage;  was  re-elected  to  the  two 
subsequent  Congresses,  serving  on  several  Commit 
tees. 

Young,  Richard  M.;  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1828;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from  Illinois 
from  1837  to  1843;  was  appointed  Commissioner  Al' 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


565 


the  General  Land  Office  in  1846;  was  Clerk  of  the 
United  States  House  of  Representatives,  in  1850  and 
1851. 

Young,  Thomas  L.;  was  born  in  Killyleagh. 
Ireland,  December  14,  1832;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  when  a  boy;  served  in  the  United  States  Army 
during  the  last  year  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  un 
til  1857;  located  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio;  taught  school 
and  studied  law;  served  in  the  Union  Army  from 
1861  to  1865,  rising  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  and  brevet 
Bsigadier-General ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1865.; 
was  appointed  Assistant  City  Auditor  in^  the  same 
year,  and  also  elected  a  member  of  the  State  House 
of  Representatives  for  the  term  of  two  years;  was 
elected  Recorder  of  Hamilton  County  in  1867;  was 
appointed  Supervisor  of  Internal  Revenue  in  1868; 
was  a  Delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven 
tion  of  that  year;  was  elected  State  Senator  in  1871; 
Lieutenant-Governor  in  1875;  in  1877  became  Gov 
ernor  by  the  election  of  R.  B.  Hayes  to  the  Presi 
dency;  was  elected  a  Representative  from  Ohio  to 
the  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses. 

Young,  Timothy  R.;  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1835;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Illinois  from  1849 
to  1851. 

Young,  "William  S. ;  was  born  in  Nelson  Conn- 
tv,  Kentucky;  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State  from  1825  to  1827. 

Yulee,  David  L.;  was  born  in  the  West  Indies, 
of  Hebrew  extraction,  in  1811;  when  quite  young  re 
moved  to  Virginia,  where  he  received  the  rudiments 
of  a  classical  education;  emigrated  to  Florida  in 
1824;  although  he  studied  law,  divided  his  time  be 
tween  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture;  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the 
Territory  of  Florida,  from  1841  to  1845,  bearing  the 
name  Levy,  and,  as  Yulee,  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  State  Constitution; 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1845,  where  he 
continued  until  1861,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads;  was 
also  President  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Railroad  in 
Florida;  withdrew  from  the  Senate  to  take  part  in 
the  Rebellion  of  1861,  and  at  the  close  of  the  conflict 
was  confined  in  Fort  Pulaski  as  a  Prisoner  of  State. 

Zane,  Charles  S.;  was  born  at  Tuckahoe,  New 
Jersey,  March  2,  1831;  removed  to  Illinois  in  his 
youth;  received  a  classical  education,  graduating 
from  McKendell  College,  in  Lebanon,  Illinois;  stud 
ied  law;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Springfield.  Illinois; 
in  June,  1873.  was  elected  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Fifth 
Judicial  Circuit  of  Illinois,  for  the  term  of  six  years; 
was  re-elected  in  1879;  in  July,  1884,  was  appointed, 
by  President  Arthur,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  Territory  of  Utah ;  his  fearless  adminis 
tration  of  the  laws  against  polygamy,  which  began 
with  his  assumption  of  the  duties  of  his  high  office, 


won  for  him  the  plaudits  of  the  people  of  the  entire 
country,  only  excepting  the  Mormons. 

Zevely,  Alexander  N.;  was  born  in  North 
Carolina;  was  appointed,  from  that  State,  to  a  Clerk 
ship  in  the  General  Post  Office;  in  1859  was  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Third  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General. 

Zollicoffer,  Felix  K.;  was  born  in  Maury  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  May  19,  1812;  received  an  academic 
education;  served,  for  a  few  months,  in  a  printing 
office,  and  in  1829  took  upon  himself  the  manage 
ment  of  a  newspaper  at  Paris,  Tennessee;  in  1834 
was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Columbian  Observer, 
in  the  same  State;  in  1835  was  elected  State  Printer, 
and  re-elected  in  1837 ;.  in  1842  removed  to  Nashville, 
and  edited  the  Banner;  in  1843  was  elected  Comp 
troller  of  the  State  Treasury,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1845  and  1847;  in  1849  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen 
ate;  in  1850  was  a  contractor  for  Building  the  Sus 
pension  Bridge  at  Nashville;  in  1851  and  1853  again 
edited  the  Nashville  Banner;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Tennessee  in  1853,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  the  close  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  in  the  same  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress" 
of  1861;  subsequently  joined  the  great  Rebellion, 
and  served  as  a  General  of  Volunteers;  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Mill  Springs,  Kentucky,  in  a  hand  to 
hand  fight  with  General  Speed  S.  Fry,  whom  he 
had  frequently  met  at  the  bar  in  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee. 

Zubly,  John  Joachim ;  was  born  at  St.  Gall, 
Switzerland,  August  27, 1724;  came  to  America  when 
a  youth;  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1770; 
settled  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  as  a  Presbyterian  Min 
ister;  was  a  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  preached  in  the 
German.  English,  and  French  languages;  w?s  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Presidential  Congress;  was  elected  as  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  1755;  was 
disloyal  to  the  American  cause,  and  was  denounced 
on  the  floor  of  Congress  as  a  traitor.  Died  in  Savan 
nah,  July  23,  1781. 

Zulick,  C.  Meyer;  was  born  at  Easton,  Penn 
sylvania,  June  3,  1839;  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  a  private  academy;  studied  law  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey  in  1860;  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Newark;  soon  after  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  entered  the  Union 
Army  as  Adjutant  of  the  Second  Regiment  District 
of  Columbia  Volunteers;  rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel,  and  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the 
service;  resumed  the  practice  of  law  at  Newark,  New 
Jersey;  was  appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Col 
lector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fifth  District  of 
New  Jersey;  in  1879  was  elected  Surrogate  Judge  of 
Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  and  served  the  full  term 
of  five  years;  in  October,  1885,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Cleveland,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Arizona. 


ADDITIONAL    SKETCHES. 


RECEIVED  TOO  LATE  FOR  CLASSIFICATION. 


Bishop,  Richard  M.;  was  born  in  Fleming 
County,  Kentucky,  November  4,  1812;  received  a 
fair  English  education;  in  early  boyhood  entered 
upon'a  mercantile  career;  in  1848  removed  to  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  grocery 
business;  was  remarkably  successful,  and  amassed  a 
fortune;  in  1857  was  elected  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  1858  became  President 
of  the  Council;  in  1859  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city 
for  a  term  of  two  years;  was  President  of  the  Ohio 
State  Missionary  Society  of  the  Christian  Church 
from  1859  to  1869,  and  President  of  the  General  Mis 
sionary  Convention  of  that  church  from  the  death  of 
Alexander  Campbell  until  1875;  took  a  leading  part 
on  the  side  of  the  Union  in  1860  and  1861 ;  during  his 
administration  as  Mayor  used  most  earnest  endeavors 
to  suppress  gambling  and  Sabbath  breaking  in  the 
city;  was,  for  many  years,  a  Trustee  of  McMicken 
TJniversity;  became  a  Director  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Cincinnati ;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  several  benevolent  associations;  in  1871 
was  President  of  the  National  Commercial  Conven 
tion,  held  at  Baltimore,  Maryland;  became  a  Director 
of  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad  Company;  in 
1873  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  State  Constitutional 
Convention;  in  1877  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio, 
serving  one  term;  became  a  Curator  of  Bethany  Col 
lege,  Virginia,  and  President  of  the  Board  of  Cura 
tors  of  the  Kentucky  University;  was  elected  Presi 
dent  of  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad  Company 
on  the  death  of  President  Greenwood,  and  continued 
in  that  position. 

Cheney,  Person  Colby ;  was  born  at  Holder- 
ness,  (now  Ashland),  New  Hampshire,  February  25, 
1828;  in  1835  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Peter 
borough,  New  Hampshire;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools,  at  Hancock  Academy,  and  at  Parson- 
field  (Maine)  Academy;  in  1845  became  manager  of 
a  paper  mill ;  in  1853  became  part  owner,  and  subse 
quently  sole  owner,  of  a  paper  mill,  achieving 
flattering  success;  afterwards  merged  the  business 
into  a  stock  company,  of  which  he  became  Manager 
and  Treasurer,  and  enlarged  the  business  to  embrace 
several  mills  and  large  tracts  of  timber  land;  became 
President  of  the  Amoskeag  Fibre- Ware  Company;  in 
1853  was  a  representative  in  the  New  Hampshire 
Legislature;  in  1862  entered  the  Union  Army  as 
Regimental  Quartermaster;  ill  health  soon  compelled 
him  to  resign;  in  1864  was  elected  Railroad  Commis 
sioner,  serving  three  years;  in  1867  removed  to  Man 
chester,  New  Hampshire;  in  1871  was  elected  Mayor 
of  that  city;  in  1875  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire;  was  re-elected  in  1876;  in  November, 
1886,  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  United  States 
Senator,  in  place  of  Austin  F.  Pike,  deceased. 

Church,  Louis  Kossuth;  was  born  at  Brook 
lyn,  New  York,  December  11,  1846;  was  educated  at 


Claverick  Institute,  New  York;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law  in  Queens  County,  New  York;  settled  at  Hicks- 
ville,  Long  Island;  in  1882  was  elected  a  Represent 
ative  in  the  New  York  Legislature;  was  re-elected  in 
1883  and  1884;  declined  a  re-nomination  in  1885;  in  Oc 
tober,  1885,  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland,  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Dakota 
Territory ;  in  1886  declined  the  nomination  for  State 
Senator  from  his  District,  in  New  York,  in  which  a 
nomination  was  equivalent  to  an  election;  in  Decem 
ber,  1886,  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  Dakota. 

Hawkins,  Alvin ;  was  born  in  Bath  County, 
Kentucky,  December  2,  1821;  in  1827  removed,  with 
his  parents,  to  Maury  County,  Tennessee,  and  thence, 
in  1828,  to  Carroll  County,  Tennessee;  was  the  eldest 
of  thirteen  sons  ;  his  education  was  such,  only,  as 
could  be  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  a  new 
and  sparsely-settled  country;  in  early  life  labored  on 
the  farm  and  in  the  shop  with  his  lather,  who  was  a 
blacksmith;  in  1841  taught  school  one  session  ;  in 
1842  commenced  the  study  of  law  under  Hon.  B.  C. 
Totten,  of  Huntingdon,  Tennessee;  in  1843  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  ;  soon  after  removed  to  Camden, 
Tennessee,  where  he  remained  until  the  Fall  of  1846, 
when  he  returned  to  Huntingdon;  in  1845  was 
an  unsuccessful  candidate  for  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture;  in  1846  raised  a  Company  of  Volunteers  for  ser 
vice  in  the  Mexican  War;  was  elected  captain  and  re 
ported  his  company  for  service,  but  it  was  not 
accepted;  served  as  Alderman,  and  as  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Aldermen,  of  Huntingdon,  for 
several  years;  in  1F53  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  General  Assembly  of  Tennessee  ; 
declined  a  re-election;  in  1860  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  on  the  Bell  and  Everett  ticket;  at  the  break 
ing  out  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  after  the  election 
of  Mr.  Lincoln,  boldly  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
Union,  and  remained  loyal  to  the  Federal  Govern 
ment;  in  1862,  at  an  election  held  in  his  district  by 
authority  of  a  proclamation  issued  by  Andrew  John 
son,  then  Military  Governor  of  Tennessee,  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  Congress,  but,  owing  to  the  ir 
regularity  of  his  election,  was  not  admitted  to  a  seat; 
in  1863,  because  of  the  bitterness  of  his  political  op 
ponents,  temporarily  removed  to  Greencastle,  Indi 
ana;  in  1S64  was  appointed,  by  Judge  Catron,  Attor 
ney  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  West 
Tennessee,  and  in  1865  was  re-appointed  by  Presi 
dent  Johnson;  in  1864  was  tendered,  by  Governor 
Johnson  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the  Common 
Law  and  Chancery  Court  for  the  city  of  Memphis, 
Tennessee,  but  declined;  in  September,  1865,  re 
signed  the  office  of  District  Attorney,  and  accepted 
the  appointment  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Tennessee;  soon  thereafter  returned  to  his 
home  in  Huntingdon;  in  1868  resigned  and  re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    ANNALS. 


567 


sumed  the  practice  of  his  profession;  in  1868  was 
appointed,  by  President  Johnson,  Consul  General 
of  the  United  States  at  Havana,  Cuba;  started,  with 
his  family,  to  his  post  of  duty,  but,  being  advised  of 
the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  in  Havana,  forwarded 
his  resignation  and  returned  home:  in  May,  1869, 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Tennes 
see,  and  remained  in  that  position  until  displaced  by 
the  State  Constitution  adopted  in  1870;  soon  after  his 
retirement  from  the  bench  was  elected  President  of 
the  Nashville  and  Northwestern  Railroad  Company 
but,  as  that  road  was  then  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver,, 
and  was  soon  thereafter  sold,  never  exercised  any 
control  over  it;  in  1880  was  elected  Governor  of  Ten 
nessee  for  a  term  of  two  years;  was  renominated  in 
1832,  but  was  defeated  on  the  issue  of  the  State  debt, 
he  representing  the  element  opposed  to  any  form  of 
repudiation;  resumed  the  practice  of  law;  became  a 
Trustee  of  the  Central  Tennessee  College,  and  of  the 
Chattanooga  University. 

Jackson,  John  J.;  was  born  at  Parkersburg, 
Virginia  (now  West  Virginia),  August  4,  1824;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education,  graduating  at  Princeton 
College,  New  Jersey,  in  1845;  studied  law;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1846,  and  engaged  in  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  County 
of  Wirt,  Virginia,  from  1848  to  1854;  held  the  same 
position  in  the  County  of  Ritchie  from  1850  to  1852; 
in  1851  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Virginia  for  a  term  of  two  years;  was  re- 
elected  in  1853;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  on  the 
Scott  ticket  in  1852,  on  the  Fillmore  ticket  in  1856, 
and  on  the  Bell  ticket  in  1860;  in  August,  1861,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Lincoln,  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  the  Western  District  of  Vir 
ginia,  (now  the  District  of  West  Virginia). 

James,  Charles  P.;  was  born  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  May  11,  1818;  was  educated  in  preparatory 
studies  at  a  private  school  taught  by  Alexander  Kin- 
niont,  of  St.  Andrews,  Scotland;  entered  as  a  sopho 
more  in  Harvard  College  in  1836;  studied  law  with 
Judge  Oliver  M.  Spencer,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1811;  was  appointed  Professor 
of  Law  in  the  Law  School  of  Cincinnati  College  in 
1850,  and  served  six  years;  \vasappointed  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  Cincinnati  to  fill  a  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Judge  William  Johnson ; 
removed  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  January,  1864; 
was  one  of  the  Commission  appointed  to  revise  the 
Statutes  of  the  United  States;  was,  for  four  years, 
Professor  of  Law  in  the  Law  School  of  Georgetown 
University,  D.  C. ;  was  appointed  an  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
July  29,  1879. 

Kinkead,  John  H.;  was  born  at  Smithfield, 
Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  December  10,  1826; 
in  1829  removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Zanesville, 
Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  and  from  thence  removed 
to  Lancaster,  Fairfield  County,  Ohio,  in  1836;  was 
educated  at  the  Lancaster  High  School,  among  his 
classmates  being  John  Sherman — afterwards  United 
States  Senator — and  others  who  have  attained  to 
eminent  positions;  in  1845  went  to  St.  Louis,  Mis 
souri,  where  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  for 
nearly  five  years;  in  1849  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  continuing  a  merchant;  in  1854  went  to  Cali 
fornia,  and  in  1860  settled  in  Nevada;  was  Treasurer 
of  Nevada  Territory  for  three  years;  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  under  which  Nevada  was  admitted  as  a 
State;  went  to  Alaska  at  the  time  of  its  purchase  by 
the  United  States,  and  remained  there  nearly  three 
years,  returning  to  Nevada  in  1871 ;  was  nominated 
for  Governor  of  Nevada,  in  1878,  without  solicitation; 


was  elected  and  served  four  years — from  January, 
1879,  to  January,  1883;  in  the  latter  year  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Arthur,  Governor  of  the  Dis 
trict  of  Alaska,  serving  in  that  position  until  the 
advent  of  President  Cleveland,  in  1885;  then  re 
turned  to  Carson  City,  Nevada. 

LeDuc,  William  GK;  was  born  at  Wilkesville, 
Gallia  County,  Ohio,  March  29,  1823;  in  his  sixth 
year,  was  placed  in  charge  of  his  great  uncle,  Colonel 
William  Sumner.'at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  to  be  educated; 
attended  the  academy  and  the  grammar  school  at 
that  place;  remained  there  until  the  death  of  Colonel 
Sumner,  in  1837;  then  re-joined  his  parents  on  a  farm 
in  Licking  County,  Ohio,  whence  they  had  moved ; 
worked  on  the  farm  about  four  years,  and  then  pre 
pared  for  college  at  Warren,  Ohio;  taught  a  country 
school  one  winter;  in  the  fall  of  1843,  after  a  severe 
illness,  went  south  in  a  buggy,  with  an  elder  brother, 
to  regain  his  health;  taught  school  at  Chula  Noma, 
Mississippi,  until  June,  1844;  then  returned  to  Ohio 
and  entered  Kenyon  College;  during  his  senior  year, 
entered  as  a  student  at  law  in  the  office  of  Delano  & 
Smith,  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio;  graduated  from  college 
in  1848  ;  immediately  entered  the  service  of  two 
book  publishers  as  a  traveling  agent;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  in  1850,  and 
emigrated  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  where  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law,  and  also  opened  the  first 
book  store  in  the  Territory  of  Minnesota;  engaged  in 
real  estate  and  railroad  enterprises;  abandoned  his 
profession  and  removed  to  Hastings,  Minnesota,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  on  a  large  scale; 
also  built  and  operated  a  flouring  mill  there;  at  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  sold  his  mills  and  en 
tered  the  Union  Army  as  Captain  and  Assistant 
Quartermaster;  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
until  after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg;  then  joined  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee,  where  he  became  Chief  Quar 
termaster;  was  promoted  to  Brevet  Brigadier-General 
on  the  recommendation  of  General  George  H.  Thomas; 
resigned  in  August,  1865,  and  returned  to  Hastings, 
Minnesota;  resumed  railroad  construction  in  connec 
tion  with  Oakes  Ames;  the  misfortunes  of  the  latter 
proved  equally  disastrous  to  General  Le  Due;  on  the 
accession  of  Mr.  Hayes  to  the  office  of  President  of 
the  United  States,  General  Le  Due  was  appointed, 
by  him,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  at  Washington, 
in  which  position  he  served  four  years;  was  very 
strongly  endorsed  by  the  agriculturists  of  the  country 
for  re-appointment,  but  was  unsuccessful;  on  his  re 
tirement  from  that  position,  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  French  National  Agricultural  Society  of  France, 
an  honor  theretofore  conferred  on  but  four  Americans: 
George  Washington,  Thomas  Jefferson,  John  Marshall, 
and  Benjamin  Thompson.  Retired  to  his  farm,  near 
Hastings,  and  devoted  himself  to  its  cultivation,  oc 
casionally  delivering  lectures  on  various  topics. 

Putnam,  James  O.;  son  of  Harvey  Putnam; 
was  born  at  Attica,  New  York,  July  4,  1818;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1839;  read  law  with  his  father; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842  and  settled  in  the 
city  of  Buffalo  in  the  practice  of  law ;  from  1843  until 
its  consolidation  with  the  New  York  Central  Railroad 
Company,  was  Secretary  and  Attorney  of  the  Attica 
and  Buffalo  Railroad  Company;  was  Postmaster  of 
Buffalo  during  the  administration  of  President  Fill- 
more;  represented  the  Buffalo  District  in  the  State 
Senate  of  New  York  in  1854  and  1855;  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector-at-large  in  1860;  was  United  States 
Consul  at  Havre,  France,  from  1861  to  1866;  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Belgium  from  1860  to  July, 
1862;  was  the  United  States  Delegate  to  the  Inter 
national  Property  Congress  held  in  Paris,  France,  in 
1880;  a  volume  of  his  Addresses  and  Miscellanies 
was  published  in  1880. 


668 


BIOGRAPHICAL     ANNALS. 


Richmond,  Lewis;  was  born  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  March  12,  1824;  received  a  collegiate 
education;  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until 
1854,  when  he  retired  from  business;  in  April,  1861, 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  First  Rhode  Island  Reg 
iment  of  three  mouths'  men;  took  part  in  the  first 
battle  of  Bull  Run;  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
»  enlistment  was  commissioned,  by  the  President,  as 
Assistant  Adjutant-General,  with  the  rank  of  Cap 
tain,  on  the  General  Staff  of  General  A.  E.  Burnside; 
was  Adjutant-General  of  the  North  Carolina  expedi 
tion,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  present  at  the 
battles  of  Roanoke  Island  and  Newberne;  in  March, 

1862,  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major;  returning 
to  Virginia,  in  July,  1862,  with  General  Burnside, 
was  commissioned  Adjutant-General  of  the  Ninth 
Army   Corps,  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
was  Adjutant-General  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Arm} 
of  the  Potomac  from  September  4  to  15,  and  engagec 
in  the  battle  of  South  Mountain;  as  Adjutant-Gen 
eral  again  of  the  Ninth  Corps  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  Antietam;  was  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army  ol 
the  Potomac  from  November  10,  1862,  to  January  26, 

1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg;  was  Adjutant-General  of  the  Department  ot 
the  Ohio,  and  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  from  March  25, 

1863,  to  December  12,  1863,  during  the  pursuit  and 
capture  of  Morgan's  Raiders  in  July  and  August, 
and   was  present  at  all  the    engagements  of  that 
eventful  period;  as  Adjutant-General  of  the  Ninth 
Corps,  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,   from  May. 

1864,  took  part  in  the  Richmond  campaign,  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilderness,  and  in  all  the  struggles  of 
that  army  during  the  closing  year  of  the  war;  was 
three  times  brevetted  for  gallant  and   meritorious 
services  in  different  campaigns,  the  last  promotion 
being  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General;  resigned  his 
commission  immediately  after  the  surrender  of  the 
Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  in  April, 
1865;  in  1875  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  at 
Queenstown,  Ireland;  in  1880  was  promoted  to  the 
Consulate  at  Belfast,  and,  in  1881,  to  the  position  of 
Consul-General  of  the  United  States  for  Italy,  at 
Rome;  in  1882  was  appointed,  also,  Secretary  of  Le 
gation,  and,  the  Minister  having  recently  died,  be 
came  Charge  d1  Affaires  ad  interim;  retained  the  posi 
tion  of  Secretary  of  Legation  until  1884,  when  he 
was  appointed  Minister  Resident  of  the  United  States 
at  Lisbon,  Portugal;  on  the  accession  of  Mr.  Cleve 
land  to  the  Presidency  on  March  4,  1885,  tendered 
his  resignation,    which   was  accepted   two   months 
later,  when  he  retired  to  private  life. 

Roberts,  Oran  Milo ;  was  born  in  Laurens  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  July  9,  1815;  while  a  youth, 
removed,  with  his  parents,  to  Sinclair  County,  South 
Carolina;  labored  on  the  farm  of  his  father  until 
sixteen  years  of  age;  then  obtained  a  situation  in  a 
lawyer's  office  at  Ashville,  where  he  prepared  him 
self  for  college;  in  1836  graduated  from  the  Univers 
ity  of  Alabama;  studied  law;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  at  Ash 
ville,  South  Carolina;  was  soon  after  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1841  removed 
to  Texas,  and  settled  at  St.  Augustine  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession;  in  1844  was  appointed  by 
President  Houston,  District  Attorney,  holding'  the 
office  until  the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United 
States;  in  1846  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Hender 
son,  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District  of  Texas- 
in  1857  was  elected  an  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Texas;  in  1862  resigned  and  entered 
the  Confederate  Army  as  Colonel  of  the  Eleventh 
Texas  Infantry;  commanded  a  Brigade  at  the  battle* 
of  Bordeaux,  Louisiana,  in  1863;  in  1864  was  elected 
Chief  Justice  of  Texas;  in  1866  was  elected  a  mem 


ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention;  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  a  United  States  Senator,  but 
was  not  admitted  to  his  seat;  from  1868  to  1870  was 
Professor  of  Law  and  Agriculture  in  the  Institute  at 
Gilmer,  Texas;  then  retired  to  his  farm,  in  Shelby 
County,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  the  practice  of 
law;  in  1873  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Democratic  State 
Convention;  in  1874  was  appointed,  by  Governor 
Coke,  Chief  Justice  of  the  State;  was  elected  to  that 
position  in  1876:  in  1878  was  elected  Governor  of 
Texas,  and  resigned  the  office  of  Chief  Justice;  was 
re-elected  in  1880;  in  1883  became  Professor  of  Law 
in  the  University  of  Texas. 

Rublee,  Horace  ;  was  born  at  Berkshire,  Frank 
lin  County,  Vermont,  August  19,  1829;  emigrated, 
with  his  father's  family,  to  the  then  Territory  of 
Wisconsin,  in  1840;  was  the  editor  of  the  Wisconsin 
State  Journal,  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  from  1853  to 
1869;  held  the  office  of  State  Librarian  during  the 
years  1856  and  1857;  was  Chairman  of  the  Republi 
can  State  Committee  of  Wisconsin  from  1859  to  1869, 
and  again  in  1877  and  1878;  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Convention  in  1868;  in  April, 
1869,  was  appointed,  by  President  Grant,  United 
States  Minister  to  Switzerland,  and  held  that  po 
sition  until  1876;  tendered  his  resignation  in  the 
autumn  of  1876;  withheld  it,  however,  at  the  re 
quest  of  President  Grant,  until  the  latter's  term  of 
office  expired;  in  1881  assumed  the  editorship  of  the 
Milwaukee  Republican  and  News;  in  1882  became 
editor  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel. 

Seay,  "William  A.;  was  born  near  Burkeville, 
Virginia,  April  19,  1831;  received  a  classical  educa 
tion,  graduating  from  Princeton  College,  New  Jer 
sey,  in  1850;  studied  law  at  the  Lexington  Law 
School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Virginia,  in 
1852;  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  1853,  and 
from  there  to  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  in  1861 ;  was  a 
Professor  in  the  Louisiana  State  Military  School; 
was  an  engineer  officer  in  the  Confederate  Army 
under  General  Price;  received  a  majority  of  the  votes 
cast  for  Judge  of  the  District  Court  in  1872,  but  the 
Returning  Board  decided  that  he  was  not  elected; 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Louisiana  Legis 
lature  in  1881,  and  again  in  1884,  and  was  Chairman 
of  the  Judiciary  Committee;  in  1884  was  appointed 
Commissioner  to  revise  the  Statute  Laws  of  the  State; 
in  1885  was  appointed,  by  President  Cleveland, 
United  States  Minister  to  Bolivia. 

Stearns,  Marcellus  L.;  was  born  in  Lovell, 
Oxford  County,  Maine,  April  29,  1839;  was  educated 
at  Colby  University;  read  law  at  Portland,  Maine; 
entered  the  Union  Army  as  a  private,  and  rose  to  the 
rank  of  First  Lieutenant;  settled  in  Florida  im 
mediately  after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  practiced  law;  was  appointed 
United  States  Surveyor-General  of  Florida;  was 
twice  elected  a  Representative  to  the  Legislature, 
and  Speaker  of  the  House;  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
jovernor  of  Florida:  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1874  to  1877;  served  three  years  on  a  United  States 
Commission,  appointed  to  settle  land  titles  at  Hot 
Springs,  Arkansas. 


|  Vance,  Robert  B. ;  was  born  in  Buncombe 
!ounty,  North  Carolina,  in  1790;  received  a  collegiate 
education;  graduated  in  surgery,  and  became  emi- 
neit  in  his  profession;  in  1822  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  from  North  Carolina  to  the  Eighteenth  Con 
gress;  in  1824  was  defeated  for  re-election  by  Samuel 
P.  Carson;  as  a  result  of  this  contest.  Dr.  Vance  and 
Mr.  Carson  fought  a  duel,  in  October,  1827,  in  which 
the  former  was  killed. 


WASHINGTON  MONUMENT 

WASHINGTON. 
(Height:  555  feet,  5J/s  inches.) 


APPENDIX 


RKCORDS. 


DELEGATES  TO  THE  COLONIAL  CONGRESS. 

This  Congress  was  composed  of  Delegates  from  nine  of 
the  Colonies,  and  met  at  New  York  on  the  1th  of  Octo 
ber,  17G5: — Timothy  Euggles,  President;  John  Cot 
ton,  Secretary. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Otis,  James,  Partridge,  Oliver, 

Ruggles,  Timothy. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Bowler,  Metcalf,  Ward,  Henry. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Dyer,  Eliphalet,  Johnson,  William  Samuel, 

Rowland,  David. 

NEW  YORK. 

Bayard,  William,  Lispenard,  Leonard, 

Cruger,  John,  Livingston,  Philip, 

Livingston,  Robert  R. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Borden,  Joseph,  Fisher,  Hendrick, 

Ogden,  Robert. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Bryan,  George,  Dickinson,  John, 

Morton,  John. 

DELAWARE. 

M'Kean,  Thomas,  Rodney,  Caesar. 

MARYLAND. 

Murdock,  William.  Ringold,  Thomas, 

Tilghman,  Edward, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Gadsden,  Christopher,        Lynch,  Thomas. 
Rutledge,  John. 

The  Representatives  of  New  Hampshire,  from  the 
peculiar  situation  of  that  colony,  judged  it  imprudent 
to  send  Representatives  to  this  Congress,  though  they 
approved  of  the  measure;  and  the  Assemblies  of  Vir 
ginia,  North  Carolina  and  Georgia  not  being  in  ses 
sion,  the  Governors  of  these  colonies  refused  to  call 
special  Assemblies  for  a  purpose  deemed  by  them 
improper  and  unconstitutional. 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  COLONIES  RESPECTING  "A  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE  , 
BY  THE  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED." 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolutions  respecting  independ 
ency  be  referred  to  a  Committee  of  the  Whole  Con 
gress. 

The  Congress  then  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee 
of  the  Whole;  and,  after  some  time,  the  President  re 
sumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the 
Committee  have  taken  into  consideration  the  matter 
to  them  referred,  but,  not  having  come  to  any  resolu 
tion  thereon,  directed  him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit 
again  on  Monday. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will  on  Monday  next, 
at  10  o'clock,  resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the 
Whole,  to  take  into  further  consideration  the  resolu 
tions  referred  to  them. 

MONDAY.  JUNE  10,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  order,  the  Congress  resolved  itself 
into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  their  fur 
ther  consideration  the  resolutions  to  them  referred; 
and,  after  some  time  spent  thereon,  the  President  re 
sumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the 
Committee  have  had  under  consideration  the  mat 
ters  referred  to  them,  and  have  come  to  a  resolution 
thereon,  which  they  directed  him  to  report. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  in  Committee  of  the  Whole 
being  read, 

Kexolvcd,  That  the  consideration  of  the  first  resolu 
tion  be  postponed  to  Monday,  the  first  day  of  July 

a 


next;  and,  in  the  meanwhile,  that  no  time  be  lost,  in 
case  the  Congress  agree  thereto,  that  a  Committee  be 
appointed  to  prepare  a  Declaration  to  the  effect  of  the 
said  first  resolution,  which  is  in  these  words;  ''  That 
these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be 
free  and  independent  States;  that  they  are  absolved 
|  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  Crown;  and  that  all 
political  connection  between  them  and  the  State  of 
Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved." 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  11,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  for  preparing  the 
Declaration  consist  of  five.  The  Members  chosen: 
Mr.  Jefferson,  Mr.  John  Adams,  Mr.  Franklin,  Mr. 
Sherman,  and  Mr.  R.  R.  Livingston. 

TUESDAY,  JUNE  25,  1776. 

A  Declaration  of  the  Deputies  of  Pennsylvania,  met 
in  Provincial  Conference,  was  laid  before  Congress 
and  read,  expressing  their  willingness  to  concur  in  a 
vote  of  Congress  declaring  the  United  Colonies  free 
and  independent  States. 

FRIDAY,  JUNE  28,  1776. 

"Francis  Hopkinson,  one  of  the  Delegates  from 
New  Jersey,  attended  and  produced  the  credentials  of 
their  appointment, "  containing  the  following  instruc 
tions:  "  If  you  shall  judge  it  necessary  or  expedient 
for  this  purpose,  we  empower  you  to  join  in  declaring 
the  United  Colonies  independent  of  Great  Britain,  en- 


TABULAE     RECORDS. 


tering  into  a  confederation  for  union  and  common 
defence,"  etc. 

MONDAY,  JULY  1,  1776. 

"A  resolution  of  the  Convention  of  Maryland, 
passed  the  28th  of  June,  was  laid  before  Congress 
and  read,"  containing  the  following  instructions  to 
1  their  Deputies  in  Congress:  "That  the  Deputies  of 
said  Colony,  or  any  three  or  more  of  them,  be  author 
ized  and  empowered  to  concur  with  the  other  United 
Colonies,  or  a  majority  of  them,  in  declaring  the 
United  Colonies  free  and  independent  States  ;  in 
forming  such  further  compact  and  confederation 
between  them,"  etc. 

The  order  of  the  day  being  read: 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will  resolve  itself  into 
a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take  into  consideration 
the  resolution  respecting  independency. 

That  the  Declaration  be  referred  to  said  Committee. 

The  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  Committee  of 
the  Whole.  After  some  time,  the  President  resumed 
the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the  Com 
mittee  had  come  to  a  resolution,  which  they  desired 
him  to  report,  and  to  move  for  leave  to  sit  again. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  by  the  Committee  of  the 
Whole  being  read,  the  determination  thereof  was,  at 
the  request  of  a  Colony,  postponed  until  to-morrow. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  re 
solve  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take 
into  consideration  the  Declaration  respecting  inde 
pendence. 

TUESDAY,  JULY  2,  1776. 

The  Congress  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  res 
olution  reported  from  the  Committee  of  the  Whole, 
which  was  agreed  to  as  follows: 

RESOLVED,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of 
right  ought  to  be,  Free  and  Independent  States;  that 
they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British 
crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them 
and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be, 
totally  dissolved. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  re 
solved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole;  and, 
after  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and 
Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the  Committee  have  had 
under  consideration  the  Declaration  to  them  referred: 
but  not  having  had  time  to  go  through  the  same,  de 
sired  him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit  again. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again 
resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take 
into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  re 
specting  independence. 

WEDNESDAY,  JULY  3,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  re 
solved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take 
into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration;  and, 
after  some  time,  4he  President  resumed  the  chair, 
and  Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the  Committee,  not 
having  yet  gone  through  it,  desired  leave  to  sit 
again. 

Rfixolcefl,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again 
resolve  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take 
into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

THURSDAY,  JULY  4,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  re 
solved  itself  into  a  Committee  of  the  Whole,  to  take 
into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration;  and, 
alter  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and 
Mr.  Harrison  reported  that  the  Committee  had  agreed 
to  a  Declaration,  which  they  desired  him  to  report. 

The  Declaration  being  read,  was  agreed  to  as  fol 
lows: 


A  DECLARATION  BY  THE  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  AS 
SEMBLED. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes 
necessary  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands 
which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to  as 
sume,  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate 
and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of 
nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the 
opinion  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare 
the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all 
men  are  created  equal;  that  they  are  endowed  by 
their  Creator  with  certain  uualienable  rights;  that 
among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuits  of  hap 
piness.  That  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are 
instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed;  that  whenever 
any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  to  these 
ends,  it  is  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish 
it,  and  to  institute  a  new  government,  laying  its 
foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its 
powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most 
likely  to  effect  their  safety  and  happiness.  Prudence, 
indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  established, 
should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes; 
and  accordingly,  all  experience  has  shown,  that  man 
kind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  suf- 
ferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the 
forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when  a 
long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing  inva 
riably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce 
them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  ia 
their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  government,  and  to  pro 
vide  new  guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has 
been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  Colonies,  and 
such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to 
alter  their  former  systems  of  government.  The  his 
tory  of  the  present  king  of  Great  Britain,  is  a  history 
of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all  having,  in 
direct  object,  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  tyr 
anny  over  these  States.  To  prove  this,  let  facts  b» 
submitted  to  a  candid  world: 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  whole 
some  and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  laws  of  im 
mediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended 
in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained; 
and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to 
attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accom 
modation  of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  representation 
in  the  Legislature;  a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and 
formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places 
unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  depos 
itory  of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly 
for  opposing,  with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on 
the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolu 
tions,  to  cause  others  to  be  elected;  whereby  the  legis 
lative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation, have  returned 
to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise,  the  State  re 
maining,  in  the  meantime,  exposed  to  all  the  danger 
of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of 
these  States;  for  that  purpose,  obstructing  the  laws 
for  naturalization  of  foreigners;  refusing  to  pass 
others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  rais 
ing  the  conditions  of  new  appropriations  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by 
refusing  his  assent  to  laws  for  establishing  judiciary 
powers. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone, 
for  the  tenure  of  their  offices,  and  the  amount  and 
payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent 
hither  swarms  of  officers  to  harass  our  people  and  eat 
out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing 
armies,  without  the  consent  of  our  Legislature. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent 
of,  and  superior  to,  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined,  with  others,  to  subject  us  to  a 
jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  Constitution,  and  unac 
knowledged  by  our  laws;  giving  his  assent  to  their 
acts  of  pretended  legislation. 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among 
as: 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punish 
ment,  for  any  murders  which  they  should  commit  on 
the  inhabitants  of  these  States: 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the 
world : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent: 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefit  of 
trial  by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for 
pretended  offenses: 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws,  in 
a  neighboring  province,  establishing  therein  an  arbi 
trary  government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so  as 
to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument 
for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these 
Colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most 
valuable  laws,  and  altering  fundamentally,  the 
powers  of  our  government: 

For  suspending  our  own  legislature,  and  declaring 
themselves  invested  with  power,  to  legislate  for  us  in 
all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us 
out  of  his  protection,  and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts, 
burnt  our  towns,  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our 
people. 

He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of 
foreign  mercenaries  to  complete  the  works  of  death, 
desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun,  with  circum 
stances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in 
the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the 
head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive 
on  the  high  seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country, 
to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends  and 
brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  among  us, 
and  has  endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our 
frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose  known 
rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction,  of 
all  ages,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  have 
petitioned' for  redress  in  the  most  humble  terms;  our 
repeated  petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  re 
peated  injury.  A  prince,  whose  character  is  thus 
marked  by  every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant,  is 
unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our 
British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them,  from  time 
to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their  Legislature  to 
extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We 
have  reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our 
emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed 
to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have 
conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  oar  common  kindred, 
to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably 
interrupt  our  connections  and  correspondence.  They, 
too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and  con 


sanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiese  in  the 
necessity  which  demands  our  separation,  and  hold 
them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  enemies  in 
war,  in  peace  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  General  Congress  assembled, 
appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the 
rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by 
the  authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  Colonies, 
solemnly  publish  and  declare,  That  these  United 
Colonies  are,  and,  of  right,  ought  to  be,  free  and  inde 
pendent  States;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all 
allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political 
connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great 
Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved;  and 
that,  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full 
power  to  levy  war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alliances, 
establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts  and 
things  which  independent  States  may  of  right  do. 
And,  for  the  support  of  this  Declaration,  with  a  firm 
reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence,  we 
mutually  pledge  to  each  other,  our  lives,  our  fortunes, 
and  our  sacred  honor.  JOHN  HANCOCK. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Josiah  Bartlett,  William  Whipple, 

Matthew  Thornton. 

MASSACHUSETTS  BAY. 

Samuel  Adams,  Robert  Treat  Paine, 

John  Adams,  Elbridge  Gerry. 

RHODE   ISLAND. 
Stephen  Hopkins,  William  Ellery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger  Sherman,  William  Williams, 

Samuel  Huntington,  Oliver  Wolcott. 

NEW  YORK. 

William  Floyd,  Francis  Lewis, 

Philip  Livingston,  Lewis  Morris. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Richard  Stockton,  Francis  Hopkinson, 

John  Witherspoon,  John  Hart, 

Abraham  Clark. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert  Harris.  George  Clymer, 

Benjamin  Rush,  James  Smith, 

Benjamin  Franklin,  George  Taylor, 

John  Morton,  James  Wilson, 

George  Ross. 

DELAWARE. 

Csesar  Rodney,  George  Read, 

Thomas  McKean. 
MARYLAND. 

Samuel  Chase,          [ton,     William  Paca, 
Charles  Carroll,  of  Carroll-    Thomas  Stone. 

VIRGINIA. 

George  Wythe,  Benjamin  Harrison, 

Richard  Henry  Lee,  Thomas  Nelson,  Jr., 

Thomas  Jefferson,  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee, 

Carter  Braxton. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Hooper,  Joseph  Hewes, 

John  Penn. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Edward  Rutledge,  Thomas  Lynch,  Jr., 

Thomas  Hey  wood,  Jr.,        Arthur  Middleton. 

GEORGIA. 

Button  Gwinnet,  Lyman  Hall, 

George  Walton. 


TABULAR     KECOEDS. 


Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  Declaration  be  sent 
to  the  several  Assemblies,  Conventions,  and  Commit 
tees,  or  Councils  of  Safety,  and  to  the  several  Com 


manding  officers  of  the  Continental  Troops;  that  it  be 
proclaimed  in  each  of  the  United  States,  and  at  the 
head  of  the  Army. 


SIGNERS  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF    INDEPENDENCE. 

IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED,    JULY  4,    1776. 

The  following  List  of  Members  of  the  Continental  Congress,  who  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence  (although  the  names  are  included  in  the  general  list  of  that  Congress,  from  17/4  to  1788),  is  given 
separately  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  places  and  dates  of  their  birth  and  the  time  of  their  respective 
deaths,  for  convenient  reference.  For  further  information  respecting  these  men,  see  Biographical 
Annals." 


Names  of  the  Signers. 

Born  at 

Delegated  from. 

Died. 

Oct.    19,    1735 

Massachusetts  

July 
Oct. 
May 
Oct. 
Nov. 
June 
Sept., 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Aug. 
April 
Nov. 
May 
Feb., 
Oct. 
April, 

March, 
Nov. 
Oct., 
July 
May 
Jan. 
July 
April, 
lune 
Dec. 
June 
Lost  at 
Tune 
Jan. 
Jan. 
May 
April, 
Jan. 

May 

Oct. 

July, 
April 
Jan. 
July 
July 
Feb. 
Oct. 
Feb. 
June 
Feb. 
Nov. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
June 

4,  1826 
2,  1803 
19,  1795 
10,  1797 
14,  1832 
19,  1811 
1794 
23,  1813 
15,  1820 
4.  1821 
17,  1790 
23,  1814 
27,  1777 
1790 
8,  1793 
1791 
1780 
1809 
10,  1779 
1790 
13,  1785 
9,  1790 
5,  1796 
4,  1826 
1797 
19,  1794 
30,  1803 
12,  1778 
sea,    1779 
24,  1817 
1,  1787 
22,  1798 
8,  1806 
1777 
4,  1789 
1799 
11,  1804 
26,  1809 
1798 
1783 
1779 
19,  1813 
23,  1800 
23.  1793 
llj  1806 
28,  1781 
5,  1787 
23,  1781 
24,  1803 
2,  1305 
28,  1785 
2,  1811 
28,  1798 
15,  1794 
1,  1797 
8,  1806 

Sept,  27,  1722 

Massachusetts  

Amesbury    Mass... 

in  Nov.,  1729 

New  Hampshire  
Virginia  

..  ..Sept.   10,  1736 

Carroll,  Charles,  of  Carrollton 

Sept    20   1737 

Maryland  

Somerset  Co.,  Md.. 
Elizabethtown,  N. 

April  17,  1741 
J  Feb.   15,  1726 
in              1739 

Maryland  

New  Jersey  

Pennsylvania  

Newport    R.  I  

Dec.    22,  1727 

R.  I.  and  Prov.  PI... 
New  York  

Floyd    William 

Suffolk  Co     N   Y 

Dec.    17,  1734 

Boston    Mass 

Jan.    17,  1706 

Pennsylvania  

Marblehead  Mass 

July   17,  1744 

Massachusetts  

England 

in               1732 

Georgia  

in              1731 

Georgia  

Hancock    John                   .    .. 

Braintree   Mass 

in              1737 

Massachusetts  

Harrison    Benjamin        

Berkeley    Va      .... 

Virginia  

Hart  John            ..       

Hope  well   N    J  ..  . 

about        1715 

New  Jersey  

Heyward    Thomas   Jr  

St  Luke's  S   Co..  . 

in              1746 

South  Carolina  

Hewes  Joseph  

Kingston   N    J 

in              1730 

North  Carolina  

Hooper   'William  

Boston    Mass   . 

June  17,  1742 

North  Carolina  

'  lopkins,  Stephen  
i  opkinson,  Francis  

Scituate,  R.  I  
Philadelphia  Pa... 

March  7,  1707 
in               1737 

R.  I.  and  Prov.  PL. 
New  Jersey  

liuntington     Samuel         

July    3     1732 

Connecticut  

Jefferson   Thomas          

Shadwell   Va 

April  13   1743 

Virginia  

Lee  Francis  Li<rhtioot  

Stratford    Va 

Oct      14   1734 

Virginia  

Lee   Richard  Henry  

Stratford    Va 

Jan     20   173° 

Virginia  

Lewis,  Francis  
Livingston,  Philip  
Lynch,  Thomas   Jr  

Landaff,  Wales  
Albany,  N.  Y  
St   George   S  C 

in  Mar.,  1713 
Jan.    15,  1716 
Aug      5   1749 

New  York  

New  York  

South  Carolina. 

McKean,  Thoin  as  

Chester  Co     Pa 

March  19  1734 

Delaware  . 

Middleton    Arthur  ..         

Middleton  Place,  S 
Morrisania   N    Y 

.  C...in              1743 
in               17^6 

Morris,  Lewis  

New  York 

Morris,  Ko!  >ert  

Lancashire    En01 

Jan       1733-'4 

Pennsylvania 

Morton,  John  

Ridley   Pa           . 

in               1724 

Pennsylvania 

Nelson,  Thomas,  Jr  

York    Va 

Dec     26   1738 

Virginia 

Paca,  William  

Wye  Hill   Md 

Oct      31   1740 

Maryland 

Paine,  Robert  Treat  

Boston    Muss     .    .. 

in              1731 

Massachusetts 

Penn,  John  

Caroline  Co     Va 

May    17   1741 

Read,  George  

Cecil  Co     Md  

in              1734 

Delaware 

Rodney,  Caesar  

Dover,  Del  

....     in              1730 

Delaware 

Ross,   George  

New  Castle    Del 

in               1730 

Pennsylvania  
Pennsylvania 

Rush,  Benjamin,  M.D  

By  berry,  Pa  

Dec     24   1745 

Rutledge,  Edward  

Charleston   S   C 

in  Nov      1749 

South  Carolina  

Sherman,  Roger  

Newton    Mass 

April  19   1721 

Smith,  James  

Pennsylvania  

Stockton,  Richard  

Princeton    N   J 

Oct        1   1730 

Stone,  Thomas  

Charles  Co     Md 

in              174'> 

Taylor,  George  

Ireland 

in              1716 

Thornton,  Matthew  

Ireland 

in               1714 

New  Hampshire  

Walton,  George  

Frederick  Co     Va 

in               1740 

Whipple,   William  

Kittery    Me 

in              1730 

New  .Hampshire  

Williams,  William  

April    8   1731 

AVilson,  James  
Witherspoon,  John  

Scotland  
Yester    Scotland 

about        1742 
Feb       5   172° 

Pennsylvania  

Wolcott,  Oliver  

Windsor   Conn 

Nov     26   17°6 

Wythe,  George  

Elizabeth  City  Co. 

,  Va..in               1726 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


DELEGATES    TO    THE    CONTINENTAL    CONGRESS. 

For  further  information  respecting  these  men,  see  Biographical  Annals. 

FROM:  1774  TO  1788. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Bartlett,  Josiah  ........  .  ...........................  1775-'79 

Blanchard,  Jonathan  ................................  1783-184 

Folsom,  Nathaniel  ......................  1774-'75 


....................................  1779-'80 

Foster,  Abiel  ...........................................  1783-'85 

Frost,  George  ...................  .  ......................  1777-'79 

Gilman,  John  Taylor  ................................  1782-'  83 

Gilman,  Nicholas  .....................................  1786-'88 

Langdon,  John  ........................................  1775-'  77 

"     ........................................  1786-'87 

Langdon,  Woodbury  .................................  1779-'80 

Livermore,  Samuel  ..................................  1780-'83 

"       ..................................  1785-'8G 

Long,  Pierce  ............................................  1784-'86 

Peabody,  Nathaniel  ..................................  1779-'80 

Sullivan,  John  .........................................  1774-'75 

........................................  'l780-'81 

Thornton,  Matthew  .................................  1776-'78 

Wentworth,  John,  Jr  ...............................  1778-'79 

Whipple,  William  ....................................  1776-'79 

White,  Phillips  ......................................  !l782-'83 

Wingate,  Paine  .......................................  1787-'88 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Adams,  John  ...........................................  1774-'78 

Adams,  Samuel  .......................................  1774-'82 

Cushing,  Thomas  .....................................  1774-'76 

Dana,  Francis  ..........................  1776-'78 

"      ........................................  ..1784-'84 

Dane,   Nathan  .........................................  1785-'88 

Gerry,  Elbridge  .......................................  1776-'81 

.......................................  1782-'85 

Gorman,  Nathaniel  ........................  1782-'83 

"        ...................................  1785-'87 

Hancock,  John  ........................................  1775-'80 

"     ........................................  1785-'86 

Higginson,   Stephen  ................................  .1782-'83 

Holten,  Samuel  .......................................  1778-'80 

11       .......................................  1782-'83  | 

.......................................  1784-'85 

.......................................  1786-'87! 

Jackson,  Jonathan  ....................................  1782-'82  I 

King.  Rufus  ............................................  1784-'87  ! 

Lovell,  James  ..........................................  1776-'82  j 

Lowell,  John  ...........................................  1782-'83  j 

Osgood,  Samuel  .......................................  1780-'84  I 

Otis,  Samuel  A  .........................................  1787-'88  | 

Paine,  Robert  Treat  .................................  1774-'78 

Partridge,  George  .....................................  1779-'82 

"     .......................................  1783-'85 

Sedgwick,  Theodore  .................................  1785-'88 

Sullivan,  James  .......................................  1782-'82 

Thacher,  George  .......................................  1787-'88 

Ward,  Artemas  .......................................  1780-'81 

RHODE   ISLAND. 

Arnold,  Jonathan  ....................................  1782-'84 

Arnold,  1'eleg  ..........................................  1787-'89 

Collins,  John  ..........................................  1778-'83 

Cornell,  EzekieL  ......................................  1780-'83 

Ellcry,  William  .......................................  1776-'81 

"         ........................................  1783-'8o 

Hazard,  Jonathan  J  .................................  1787-'89 

Hopkins,  Stephen  ....................................  1774-'8() 

Howell,  David  .........................................  1782-r85 


Manning,  James  .......................................  l785-'86 

Marchaut,  Henry  ..................................  ...1777-180 

.....................................  1783-'84 

Miller,  Nathan  .........................................  1785-'86 

Mowry,  Daniel  ........................................  1780-'  82 

Varnum,  James  M  ...................................  1780-'82 

*'''"' 


..... 
Ward,  Samuel  .........................................  1774-'76 

CONNECTICUT. 
Adams,  Andrew  ..................  1777-'78 

" 


Cooke,  Joseph  P 1784-'88 

Deane,  Silas 1774-'76 

Dyer,  Eliphalet 1774-'79 

1780-'83 

Edwards,  Pierpont 1787-'88 

Ellsworth,  Oliver 1777-'84 

Hillhouse,  William 1783-'86 

Hoiiner,  Titus ,...1775-'7G 

it  it 

\  l/77-'79 

Huntington,  Benjamin 1780-'84 

1787-;88 

Huntington,  Samuel 1776-'84 

Johnson,  William  S 1784-'87 

Law,  Richard 1777-'78 

"  17rtl-'84 

Mitchell,  Stephen  M 1783-'84 

1785-'86 

1787-'88 

Root,  Jesse 1778-'83 

Sherman,  Roger 1774-'84 

Spencer,  Joseph 1777-'79 

Strong,  Jedediah 1782-'84 

Sturges,  Jonathan 1785-'87 

Treadwell,  John 1785-'86 

Trumbull,  Joseph 1774-'75 

Wadsworth,  James 1783-'84 


Wadsworth,   Jeremiah  ..............................  1787-'88 

Williams,  William  ...................................  1776-'78 

Williams,  William  ...................................  1783-'84 

Wolcott,  Oliver  .......................................  1775-'78 

.......................................  1780-'84 

NEW  YORK. 
Alsop,  John  .............................................  1774-'76 

Benson,  Egbert  .......................................  1784-'85 

"      .......................................  1786-'88 

Boerum,  Simon  .......................................  1774-'77 

Clinton,  George  .......................................  1775-'77 

De  Witt,  Charles  ......................................  1783-'85 

Duane,  James  ..........................................  1774-'84 

Duer,  William  .................................  .  .......  1777-'78 

Floyd,  William  .......................................  1774-'77 

"      .......................................  1778-'83 

Gansevoort,  Leonard  .................................  1787-'88 

Hamilton,  Alexander  ................................  1782-'83 

"          ...............................  1787-'88 

Haring,  John  ..........................................  1774-'75 

"     ..........................................  1785-'88 

Jay,  John  ...............................................  1774-'77 

..............................................  1778-'79 

Lansing,  John  .........................................  1784~'88 

Lawrence,  John  ........................................  1785-'87 

Lewis,  Francis  .........................................  1777-'7J> 

L'Hommedieu,  Ezra  .................................  1779-'83 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


L'Hommedien,  Ezra  ............. 

Livingston,  Philip  ...................................  177^_>77 

Livingston,  Robert  R  .............................  17?9-'81 

Livingston,  Walter  ...'.'.'  ...........................  n?4-'7<5 

Low,  Isaac  .......................................  .....  i7fti_'ft2 

McDougall,  Alexander  ...........................     1784-'85 


Morris,  Gouverneur 

Morris,  Lewis  .........................................  17S4-'85 

Paine,  Ephraim  ......................................  1784-'8G 

Platt,  Zephaniah  .....................................  "84    Hb 

r,  Philip  • 


Scott,  John  Morin.... 

Smith,  Melancthon 

Wisner,  Henry 

Yates,  Abraham,  Jr  , 

Yates,  Peter  W  .......................................  178o-  87 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Beatty,  John  ..........................................  JJS"!?!! 

Boudinot,  Elias  .......................................  K~i 

' 


w 


,   ..... 

Cadwalader,  Lambert  ...............................  1784-87 

Clark,  Abraham  ...................................  >...177G- 

<«  "          ......................................  1787-'88 

Condict,  Silas  .........................................  1781-'84 

Cooper,  John  ..........................................  1776-  /G 

Crane,  Stephen  .......................................  1774-'76 

Dayton,  Elias.     Declined  ..........................  1Z72~',8^ 

Dayton,  Jonathan  ....................................  1787-'! 

De'Hart,  John  ........................................  1774-'76 

Dick,  Samuel  ..........................................  1783- 

Elmer,  Jonathan  ......................................  1776-'78 

«  "  ...................................  1780-'84 

«  «        ......................................  1787-'  89 

Fell,  John  .............................................  17I8~'£° 

Frelinehuysen,  Frederick  ..........................  1778-'79 

"  «         ..........................  1782-'  83 

Hart,  John  .............................................  1776-'77 

Henderson,  Thomas  .................................  1779-'80 

Hopkinton,  Francis  .................................  1776-'77 

Hornblower,  Josiah  .................................  1785-'86 

Houston.  William  C  .................................  1779-'  82 

"  "      ....................................  1784-'8o 

Kinsey,  James  .........................................  1774-'75 

Livingston,  William  .................................  1774-'7G 

Neilson,  John  ..........................................  1778-'79 

Patterson,  William  ..................................  1780-'81 

Scheurman,  J  ....................  ,  ......................  1786-'  87 

Scudder,  Nathaniel  .................................  1777-'78 

Sergeant,  Jonathan  D  ..............................  1776-'77 

Smith,  Richard  .......................................  1774-'76 

Stevens,  John,  Sr  ....................................  1763-'84 

Stewart,  Charles  ......................................  1784-'85 

Stockton,  Richard  ....................................  17?6-'77 

Symmes,  John  C  ......................................  1785-'8G 

Witherspoon,  John  .................................  1776-'82 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Allen,  Andrew  .......................................  1775-'76 

Armstrong,  John  ....................................  1778-'80 

"  "     ....................................  1787-'88 

Atlee,  Samuel  .........................................  1778-'82 

Bayard,  John  ..........................................  1785-'87 

Biddle,  Edward  .......................................  1774-'76 

"  "       .......................................  1778-'79 

Bingham,  William  ...................................  1787-'88 

Clarkson,  Matthew  ...................................  1785-'86 

Clingan,  William  ....................................  1777-'79 

Clymei,  George  .....  .................................  1776-'78 

"     .......................................  1780-'83 

Dickinson,  John  ......................................  1774-'76 

Fitzsimmons,  Thomas  ..............................  1782-'83 

Franklin,  Benjamin  ................................  1775-'7G 


Galloway,  Joseph 1774-;75 

Gardner,  Joseph 1784-' 85 

Hand,  Edward 1784-'85 

Henry,  William 1784-'86 

Humphreys,  Charles 1774-'76 

Ingersoll,'jared 1780-'81 

Irwine,  William 1786-'88 

Jackson,  David 1785-'86 

Matlack,  Timothy 1780-'81 

McClene,  James 1778-'80 

Meredith,  Samuel 1787-'88 

Mifflin,  Thomas 1774-'76 

"  "       1782-'84 

Montgomery,  Joseph 1780-'84 

Morris,  Charles 1783-' 84 

Morris,  Robert 1776-'78 

Morton,  John 1774-'77 

Muhlenberg,  Frederick  A 1778-'80 

Peters,  Richard 1782-'83 

Pettit,  Charles 1785-' 87 

Read,  J 1787-'88 

Reed,  Joseph 1777-'78 

Rhodes,  Samuel 1774-'75 

Roberdeau,  Daniel 1777-'79 

Ross,  George 1774-'77 

Rush,  Benjamin 1776-'77 

Searle,  James 1778-' 80 

Khippen.  William 1778-'8a 

Smith,  James 1 77(5-'  78 

Smith,  Jonathan  B 1777-' 78 

Smith,  Thomas 1780-' 82 

St.  Clair,  Arthur 1785-'87 

Taylor,  George 177(>-'  77 

Willing,  Thomas 1775-'76 

Wilson,  James 1775-' 78 

"  "      1782-'83 

"  "      1785-'87 

Wynkoop,  Henry 1779-'83 

DELAWARE. 

Bedford,  Gunning 1783-'85 

"  "  1786-'87 

Bedford,  Gunning,  Jr 1785-'8G 

Dickinson,  John 1776-'77 

"  1779-'80 

Dickinson,  Philemon 1782-'83 

Evans,  John 1776-'77 

Kearney,  Dyre 1786-'88 

McComb,  Eleazer 1782-'84 

McKcau,  Thomas 1774-'76 

"  " 1778-'83 

Mitchell,  Nathaniel 1786-' 88 

Patton,  John 1785-'8G 

Peery,  William 1785-'86 

Read,  George 1774-'77 

Rodney,  Csesar 1774-'77 

"  1777-'78 

"  "  1783-'84 

Rodney,  Thomas 1781-'83 

"  "  1785-'87 

Sykes,  James 1777-'78 

Tilton,  James 1783-'85 

Van  Dyke,  Nicholas 1777-'82 

Vining,  John 1784-'86 

Wharton,  Samuel 1782-'83 

MAEYLAND. 

Alexander,  Robert 1775-'77 

Carmichael,  William 1778-'80 

Carroll,  Charles,  of  Carrollton 1776-'78 

Carroll,  Daniel 1780-'84 

Chase,  Jeremiah  T 1783-'84 

Chase,  Samuel 1774-'78 

"       1784-'85 

Contee,  Benjamin 1787-'88 

Forbes,  James 1778-'80 

Forrest,  Uriah 17SG-'87 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Goldsborough,  Robert 1774-'75 

Hall,   John 1775-'76 

"         "    1783-'84 

Hanson,  John 1781-'83 

Harrison,  William 1785-'87 

Hemsley,  William 1782-'84 

Henry,  John 1778-'81 

"         "    1784-'87 

Hindman,  William 1784-'87 

Howard,  John  E 1787-'88 

Jenifer,  D.,  of  St.  Thomas 1778-'82 

Johnson,   Thomas 1775-'77 

Lee,  Thomas  Sim 1783--'84 

Lloyd,  Edward 1783-'84 

Martin,  Luther 1784-'8o 

McHeury,  James 1783-'8G 

Paca,  William 1774-'79 

Plater,  George 1778-'81 

Potts,  Richard -. 1781-'82 

Ramsay,  Nathaniel 1785-'87 

Ridgely.  Richard 1785-'8G 

Rogers,  John 1775-'76 

Ross,  David 1786-'87 

Rumsey,  Benjamin 1776-'78 

Scott,  Gustavus 1784-'85 

Seney,  Joshua 1787-'88 

Smith,  William 1777-'78 

!<tone,  Thomas  Declined 1775-'79 

"  "  "        1784-'85 

Tilghman,  Matthew 1774-'77 

Wright,  Turbett 1781-'82 

VIRGINIA. 

Adams,  Thomas ^I8''8.2 

Banister,  John 1778— '79 

Bland,  Richard 1774-'76 

Bland,  Theodoric 17r-:0-'83 

Braxton,  Carter 1776-'76 

Brown,  John 1787-'88 

Carrington,  Edward 1785-'86 

Fitzhugh,   William 1779-'80 

Fleming,  William 1779-'81 

Grayson,  William 1784-'87 

Griffin,  Cyrus 1778-'81 

"         :'      1787-'88 

Hardy,  Samuel 1783-'S5 

Harrison,  Benjamin 1774-'78 

Harvie,   John 1778— '79 

Henry,  James 1780-'81 

Henry,  Patrick 1774-'7G 

Jefferson,  Thomas 1775-'77 

"       1783-'85 

Jones.  Joseph 1777-'78 

"      1780-'83 

Lee,  Arthur 1781-'84 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot 1775-'80 

Lee,  Henry 1785-'88 

Lee,  Richard  Henry 1774-'80 

"         "  "      1784-'87 

Madison,  James,  Jr 1780-'83 

"  "  178G-'88 

Mercer,  James 1779-'80 

Mercer,  John  F 1782-'85 

Monroe,  James 1783-'86 

Nelson,  Thomas 1775-'77 

«  "       1779-'80 

Page,  Mann 1777-'77 

Pendleton,  Edmund 1774-'75 

Randolph,  Edmund 1779-'82 

Randolph,  Peyton 1774-'75 

Smith,  Merewether 1778-'82 

Washington,  George 1774-'75 

Wythe,  George 1775-'77 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

Ashe,  John  B 1787-'88 

Bloodworth,  Timothy 1786-'87 


Blount,  William 1782-'83 

"       1786-'87 

Burke,  Thomas 1777-'81 

Burton,  Robert 1787-'88 

Caswell,  Richard 1774-'76 

Cumming,  William 1784-'84 

Harnett,  Cornelius 1777-'60 

Hawkins,  Benjamin 1781-'84 

"  "         178fi-'87 

Hewes,  Joseph 1774-'77 

"  "       1779-'80 

Hill,  Whitmill 1778-'81 

Hooper,  William 1774-'77 

Johnston,  Samuel 1780-'82 

Jones,  Allen 1779-'80 

Jones,  Willie 1780-'81 

Nash,  Abner 1782-'84 

"     1785-'86 

Penn,  John 1775-'76 

"         "     1777-'80 

Sharpe,   William 1779-'82 

Sitgreaves,   John 1784-'85 

Spaight,  Richard  D 1783-'85 

Swan,  John 1787-'88 

White,  Alexander 1786-'88 

Williams.  John 1778-'79 

Williamson,  Hugh 1782-'85 

"  "     1787-'88 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Bee,  Thomas 1780-'82 

Beresford,  Richard 1783-'85 

Bull,  John 1784-'87 

Cutler,  Pierce 1787-'88 

Drayton,  William  Henry 1778-'79 

Eveleigh,  Nicholas 1781-'82 

Gadsden,  Christopher 1774-'7G 

Gervais,  John  L '...1782-'83 

Heyward,  Thomas,  Jr 1776-'78 

Huger,  Daniel 1786-'88 

Hutson,  Richard 1778-'79 

Izard,  Ralph 1782-V3 

Kean,  John 1785-'87 

Kinloch,  Francis 1780-'81 

Laurens,  Henry 1777-'80 

Lynch,  Thomas 1774-'76 

Lynch,  Thomas,  Jr 177G-'77 

Matthews,  John 1778-'82 

Middleton,  Arthur 177G-'78 

"  "      1781-'83 

Middleton,  Henry 1774-'76 

Motte,  Isaac 1780-'82 

Parker,  John 1786-'S8 

Pinckney,  Charles 1777-'78 

"  "       ....1784-'87 

Ramsay,  David 1782-'84 

"    "        " 1785-'S6 

Read,  Jacob 1783-'85 

Rutledge,  Edward 1774-'77 

Rutledge,  John 1774-'77 

"  "     1782-'83 

Ti-apier,  Paul 1777-'78 

Tucker,  Thomas  T 1787-'88 

GEORGIA. 

Baldwin,  Abraham 1785-'88 

Brownsou,  Nathan 1776-'78 

Bullock,  Archibald 1775-'7G 

Clay,  Joseph 1778-'80 

Few,  William 17*0-'82 

"         "         178.r>-'88 

Gibbons,  William 1784-'86 

Gwinnett,  Button 177fi-'77 

Habersham,  John 1785-'86 

Hall,  Lyman 1775-'79 

Houston,  John 1775-'77 

Houston,  William 1784-'87 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


1780-'81 

Telfair,  Edward  

1780-'83 

Howley,  Richard  

WTalton,  George  

1776-'79 

Jones,  Noble  Wimberly  

U                    U                       »l 

1781  '83 

U                        U 

1780-'81 

Wood,  Joseph  

1777-'79 

Langworthy,  Edward  

1786-'87 

Zubly,  John  J  

1775-'76 

Pierce,  W  
Telfair.  Edward  

!777-'79 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 


Peyton  Randolph.... 
'  Henry  Middleton.... 
,  Peyton  Randolph 

John  Hancock 

Henry  Laurens 

1  John  Jay 

Samuel  Huntington. 

Thomas  McKean 


Fiom. 

.Virginia 

.South  Carolina.. 

.Virginia 

.Massachusetts .. 
.South  Carolina . 

.New  York 

.Connecticut 

.Delaware 


FROM   1774 
Elected. 

.Sept.  5,  1774. 
.Oct.  22,  1774. 
.May  10,  1775. 
.May  24,  1775. 
Nov.  1,  1777. 
,Dec.  10,  1778. 
.Sept.  28,  1779. 
July  10,  1781. 


TO  1788. 

John  Hanson 

Elias  Boudinot 

Thomas  Mifflin 

Richard  Henry  Lee 
Nathaniel  Gorham.. 

Arthur  St.  Clair 

Cyrus  Griffin 


From. 

...Maryland 

...New  Jersey 

...Pennsylvania.. 

...Virginia 

...Massachusetts 
...Pennsylvania.. 
...Virginia 


Elected. 

.Nov.  5,  1781. 
.Nov.  4,  1782. 
.Nov.  3,  1783. 
.Nov.  30,  1784. 
.June  6,  1786. 
.Feb.  2,  1787. 
.Jan.  22,  1788. 


SESSIONS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 


The  sessions   of  the   Continental   Congress    were 
commenced  as  follows: 


September  5,  1774,  also  May  10,  1775,  at  Philadel 
phia;  December  20, 1776,  at  Baltimore;  March  4, 1777, 
at  Philadelphia;  September  27,  1777,  at  Lancaster, 

Pennsylvania:  September  30,  1777,  at  York,  Pennsyl-  j  the  first  Monday  in  November,  pursuant  to  the  Arti- 
vania;  July  2J  1778,  at  Philadelphia;  June  30,  1783,  j  cles  of  Confederation. 
at  Princeton,   New   Jersey;   November  26,   1783,   at 


Annapolis,  Maryland;  November  1,  1784,  at  Trenfon, 
New  Jersey;  January  11,  1785,  at  New  York,  which, 
from  that  time,  continued  to  be  the  place  of  meeting 
until  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  From  1781  to  1788  Congress  met  amaually  on 


ARTICLES  OF  CONFEDERATION. 

TO  ALL   TO   WHOM    THESE    PRESENTS    SHALL   COME,    WE,    THE    UNDERSIGNED,    DELEGATES    OF    THE    STATES 

AFFIXED  TO  OUK  NAMES,  SEND  GREETING: 


WHEREAS,  The  Delegates  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled  did,  on  the  fifteenth 
day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thou 
sand  seven  hundred  and  seventy -seven,  and  in  the 
second  year  of  the  independence  of  America,  agree  to 
certain  articles  of  confederation  and  perpetual  Union 
between  the  States  of  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts 
Bay,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  Con 
necticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Dela 
ware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  and  Georgia,  in  the  words  following,  viz. ; 

Articles  of  Confederation  and  perpetual  Union  between 
tlie  States  of  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay, 
Rhode  Island  and.  Providence  Plantations,  Connecti 
cut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
and  Georgia. 

ARTICLE  1.  The  style  of  this  confederacy  shall  be> 
"  The  United  States  of  America." 

ART.  2.  Each  State  retains  its  sovereignty,  free 
dom,  and  independence,  and  every  power,  jurisdic 
tion  and  right  which  is  not  by  this  confederation  ex 
pressly  delegated  to  the  United  Stales  in  Congress 
assembled. 

AET.  3.  The  said  States  hereby  severally  enter  into 
a  firm  league  ot  friendship  with  each  other  for  their 
common  defense,  the  security  of  their  liberties,  and 
their  mutual  and  general  welfare,  binding  themselves 
to  assist  each  other  against  all  fouce  offered  to,  or  at 
tacks  made  upon  them,  or  any  of  them,  on  account 
of  religion,  sovereignty^ trade,  or  any  other  pretence 
whatever. 


ART.  4.  The  better  to  secure  and  perpetuate  mu 
tual  friendship  and  intercourse  among  the  people  of 
the  different  States  in  this  Union,  the  free  inhabit 
ants  of  each  of  these  States,  paupers,  vagabonds  and 
fugitives  from  justice  excepted,  shall  be  entitled  to 
all  privileges  and  immunities  of  free  citizens  in  the 
several  States;  and  the  people  of  each  State  shall 
have  free  ingress  and  regress  to  and  from  any  other 
State,  and  shall  enjoy  therein  all  the  privileges  of 
trade  and  commerce,  subject  to  the  same  duties,  im 
positions,  and  restrictions  as  the  inhabitants  thereof 
respectively;  provided  that  such  restrictions  shall 
not  extend  so  tar  as  to  prevent  the  removal  of  prop 
erty  imported  into  any  State  to  any  other  State,  of 
which  the  owner  is  an  inhabitant;  provided  also, 
that  no  imposition,  duties,  or  restriction,  shall  be 
laid  by  any  State  on  the  property  of  the  United 
States  or  either  of  them. 

If  any  person  guilty  of  or  charged  with  treason, 
felony,  or  other  high  misdemeanor,  in  any  State,  shall 
flee  from  justice,  and  be  found  in  any  of  the  United 
States,  he  shall,  upon  demand  of  the  Governor  or  Ex 
ecutive  power  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be 
delivered  up  and  removed  to  the  State  having  juris 
diction  of  his  offense. 

Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  of  these 
States  to  the  records,  acts,  and  judicial  proceedings 
of  the  courts  and  magistrates  of  every  other  State. 

ART.  5.  For  the  more  convenient  management  of 
the  general  interests  of  the  United  States,  Delegates 
shall  be  annually  appointed  in  such  mauner  as  the 
Legislature  of  each  State  shall  direct,  to  meet  in 
Congress  on  the  first  Monday  in  November  in  every 


TABULAR     K E  C  O  K  D  S  . 


year,  with  a  power  reserved  to  each  State  to  recall  its 
delegates,  or  any  of  them,  at  any  time  within  the 
year,  and  to  send  others  in  their  stead  for  the  re 
mainder  of  the  year. 

No  State  shall  be  represented  in  Congress  by  less 
than  two,  nor  by  more  than  seven  members;  and  no 
person  shall  be  capable  of  being  a  Delegate  for  more 
than  three  years  in  any  term  of  six  years;  nor  shall 
any  person,  being  a  Delegate,  be  capable  of  holding 
any  office  under  the  United  States;  for  which  he,  or 
another  for  his  benefit,  receives  any  salary,  fees,  or 
emolutions  of  any  kind. 

Each  State  shall  Maintain  its  own  delegates  in  a 
meeting  of  the  States,  and  while  they  act  as  mem 
bers  of  the  committee  of  the  States. 

In  determining  questions  in  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled,  each  State  shall  have  one  vote. 

Freedom  of  speech  and  debate  in  Congress  shall 
not  be  impeached  or  questioned  in  any  court  or  place 
out  of  Congress;  and  the  members  of  Congress  shall 
be  protected  in  their  persons  from  arrest  and  im 
prisonments  during  the  time  of  their  going  to  and 
from  and  attendance  on  Congress,  except  for  treason, 
felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace. 

ART.  6.  No  State,  without  the  consent  of  the 
United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  send  any 
embassy  to,  or  receive  any  embassy  from,  or  enter 
into  any  conference,  agreement,  alliance,  or  treaty, 
with  any  king,  prince,  or  state;  nor  shall  any  person 
holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  the  United 
States,  or  any  of  them,  accept  of  any  present,  emolu 
ment,  office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any 
king,  prince,  or  foreign  state;  nor  shall  the  United 
States  in  Congress  assembled,  or  any  of  them,  grant 
any  title  of  nobility. 

No  two  or  more  States  shall  enter  into  any  treaty, 
confederation,  or  alliance  whatever,  between  them, 
without  the  consent  of  the  United  States  in  Congress 
assembled,  specifying  accurately  the  purposes  for 
•which  the  same  is  to  be  entered  into,  and  how  long  it 
shall  continue. 

No  State  shall  lay  any  imposts  or  duties  which  may 
interfere  with  any  stipulations  in  treaties  entered  into 
by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  with  any 
king,  prince,  or  state,  in  pursuance  of  any  treaties 
already  proposed  by  Congress  to  the  courts  of  France 
and  Spain. 

No  vessel  of  war  shall  be  kept  up  in  time  of  peace 
by  any  State,  except  such  number  only  as  shall  be 
deemed  necessary  by  the  United  States  in  Congress 
assembled  for  the  defense  of  such  State  or  its  trade; 
nor  shall  any  body  of  forces  be  kept  up  by  any  State 
in  time  of  peace  except  such  number  only,  as  in  the 
judgment  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
shall  be  deemed  requisite  to  garrison  the  forts  neces 
sary  for  the  defense  of  such  State;  but  every  State 
shall  always  keep  up  a  well-regulated  and  disciplined 
militia,  sufficiently  armed  and  accoutred,  and  shall 
provide  and  have  constantly  ready  for  use,  in  public 
stores,  a  due  number  of  field-pieces  and  tents,  and  a 
proper  quantity  of  arms,  ammunition,  and  camp 
equipage. 

No  State  shall  engage  in  any  war  without  the  con 
sent  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  un 
less  such  State  be  actually  invaded  by  enemies,  or 
shall  have  received  certain  advice  of  a  resolution 
being  formed  by  some  nation  of  Indians  to  invade  such 
State,  and  the  danger  is  so  imminent  as  not  to  admit 
of  a  delay  till  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled 
can  be  consulted ;  nor  shall  any  State  grant  commis 
sions  to  any  ships  or  vessels  of  war  nor  letters-  of 
marque  or  reprisal,  except  it  be  after  a  declaration  of 
war  by  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  and 
then  only  against  the  kingdom  or  State,  and  the  sub 
jects  thereof,  against  which  war  has  been  so  declared, 


and  under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  established  by 
the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  unless  such 
State  be  infested  by  pirates,  in  which  case  vessels  of 
war  may  be  fitted  out  for  that  occasion,  and  kept  so 
long  as  the  danger  shall  continue,  or  until  the  United 
States  in  Congress  assembled  shall  determine  other 
wise. 

ART.  7.  When  land  forces  are  raised  by  any  State 
for  the  common  defense,  all  officers  of  or  under  the 
rank  of  colonel,  shall  be  appointed  by  the  legislature 
of  each  State  respectively,  by  whom  such  forces  shall 
be  raised,  or  in  such  manner  as  such  State  shall  direct, 
and  all  vacancies  shall  be  filled  up  by  the  State  which 
first  made  the  appointments. 

ART.  8.  All  charges  of  war,  and  all  other  expenses 
that  shall  be  incurred  for  the  common  defense  or 
general  warfare,  and  allowed  by  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled,  shall  be  defrayed  out  of  a  com 
mon  treasury,  which  shall  be  supplied  by  the  several 
States  in  proportion  to  the  value  of  all  land  within 
each  State  granted  to  or  surveyed  for  any  person,  as 
such  land  and  the  buildings  and  improvements  thereon 
shall  be  estimated  according  to  such  mode  as  the 
United  States  in  Congress  assembled  shall  from  time 
to  time  direct  and  appoint. 

The  taxes  for  paying  that  proportion  shall  be  laid 
and  levied  by  the  authority  and  direction  of  the  legis 
latures  of  the  several  States,  within  the  time  agreed 
upon  by  the  United  Stales  in  Congress  assembled. 

ART.  9.  The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled 
shall  have  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  and  power  of 
determining  on  peace  and  war,  except  in  the  cases 
mentioned  in  the  sixth  article — of  sending  and  re 
ceiving  embassadors — entering  into  treaties  and  alli 
ances;  provided,  that  no  treaty  of  commerce  shall  be 
made  whereby  the  legislative  power  of  the  respective 
States  shall  be  restrained  from  imposing  such  imposts 
and  duties  on  foreigners  as  their  own  people  are  sub 
jected  to  or  from  prohibitiag  the  exportation  or 
importation  of  any  species  of  goods  or  commodities 
whatsoever — of  establishing  rules  for  deciding  in  all 
cases  what  captures  on  land  or  water  shall  be  legal, 
and  in  what  manner  prizes  taken  by  land  or  naval 
forces  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
divided  or  appropriated — of  granting  letters  of  marque 
and  reprisal  in  times  of  peace — appointing  courts  for 
the  trial  of  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the 
high  seas,  and  establishing  courts  for  receiving  and 
determining  finally  appeals  in  all  cases  of  captures; 
provided,  that  no  Member  of  Congress  shall  be  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  any  of  the  said  Courts. 

The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  shall  also 
be  the  last  resort  on  appeal  in  all  disputes  and  differ 
ences  now  subsisting  or  that  hereafter  may  arise  be 
tween  two  or  more  States  concerning  boundary,  juris 
diction,  or  any  other  cause  whatever;  which  author 
ity  shall  always  be  exercised  in  the  manner  folio  wing: 
whenever  the  legislative  or  executive  authority  or 
lawful  agent  of  any  State  in  controversey  with  another 
shall  present  a  petition  to  Congress,  stating  the  mat 
ter  in  question,  and  praying  for  a  hearing,  notice 
thereof  shall  be  given  by  order  of  Congress  to  the 
legislative  and  executive  authority  of  the  other  State 
in  controversy,  and  a  day  assigned  for  the  appearance 
of  the  parties,  by  their  lawful  agents,  who  shall  then 
be  directed  to  appoint  by  joint  consent  commissioners 
or  judges  to  constitute  a  court  for  hearing  and  deter 
mining  the  matter  in  question;  but  if  they  cannot 
agree,  Congress  shall  name  three  persons  out  of  each 
of  the  United  States,  and  from  the  list  of  such  persons 
each  party  shall  alternately  strike  out  one,  the  peti 
tioners  beginning,  ttntil  the  number  shall  be  reduced 
to  thirteen;  and  from  that  number  not  less  than 
seven  nor  more  than  nine  names,  as  Congress  shall 
direct,  shall,  in  the  presence  of  Congress,  be  drawn 


TAIJULAK     RECORDS. 


out  by  lot;  and  the  persons  whose  names  shall  be  so 
drawn,  or  any  fiveof  them,  shall  be  commissioners  or 
judges,  to  hear  and  finally  determine  the  controversy, 
so  always  as  a  major  part  of  the  judges,  who  shall 
hear  the  cause,  shall  agree  in  the  determination; 
and  if  either  party  shall  neglect  to  attend  at  the  day 
appointed,  without  showing  reasons  which  Congress 
shall  judge  sufficient,  or  being  present  snail  refuse  to 
strike,  the  Congress  shall  proceed  to  nominate  three 
x  persons  out  of  each  State,  and  the  Secretary  of  Con 
gress  shall  strike  in  behalf  of  such  party  absent  or 
refusing;  and  the  judgment  and  sentence  of  the 
court,  to  be  appointed  in  the  manner  before  pre 
scribed,  shall  be  final  and  conclusive;  and  if  any  of 
the  parties  shall  refuse  to  submit  to  the  authority  of 
such  court,  or  to  appear,  or  defend  their  claim  or 
cause,  the  court  shall,  nevertheless,  proceed  to  pro 
nounce  sentence  or  judgment,  which  shall,  in  like 
manner,  be  final  and  decisive,  the  judgment  or  sen 
tence  and  other  proceedings  being  in  either  case 
transmitted  to  Congress,  and  lodged  among  the  Acts 
of  Congress  for  the  security  of  the  parties  concerned ; 
provided,  that  every  commissioner,  before  he  sits  in 
judgment,  shall  take  an  oath,  to  be  administered  by 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  or  Superior  Court 
of  the  State,  where  the  cause  shall  be  tried,  "well 
and  truly  to  hear  and  determine  the  matter  iu  ques 
tion,  according  to  the  best  of  his  judgment,  without 
favor,  affection,  or  hope  of  reward";  provided,  also, 
that  no  State  shall  be  deprived  of  territory  for  the 
benefit  of  the  United  States. 

All  controversies  concerning  the  private  right  of 
soil,  claimed  under  different  grants  of  two  or  more 
States,  whose  jurisdiction  as  they  may  respect  such 
lands  and  the  States  which  passed  such  grants  are 
adjusted,  the  said  grants  or  either  of  them  being  at 
the  same  time  claimed  to  have  originated  antecedent 
to  such  settlement  of  jurisdiction,  shall,  on  the  peti 
tion  of  either  party  to  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  be  finally  determined,  as  near  as  may  be,  in 
the  same  manner  as  is  before  prescribed  for  deciding 
disputes  respecting  territorial  jurisdiction  between 
different  States. 

The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  shall  also 
have  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  and  power  of  regu 
lating  the  alloy  and  value  of  coin  struck  by  their 
own  authority,  or  by  that  of  the  respective  States — 
fixing  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures  through 
out  the  United  States — regulating  the  trade  and 
managing  all  affairs  with  the  Indians  not  members 
of  any  of  the  States;  provided  that  the  legislative 
right  of  any  State  within  its  own  limits  be  not  in 
fringed  or  violated— establishing  and  regulating  post- 
offices  from  one  State  to  another  throughout  all  the 
United  States,  and  exacting  such  postage  on  the 
papers  passing  through  the  same,  as  may  be  requisite 
to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  said  office— appointing 
all  officers  of  the  land  forces  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States  excepting  regimental  officers— appoint 
ing  all  the  officers  of  the  naval  forces,  and  commis 
sioning  all  officers  whatever  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States— making  rules  for  the  government  and 
regulation  of  the  said  land  and  naval  forces  and 
directing  their  operations. 

The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  shall 
have  authority  to  appoint  a  Committee  to  sit  in  the 
recess  of  Congress,  to  be  denominated  "a  Committee 
of  the  States,"  and  to  consist  of  one  delegate  from 
each  State;  and  to  appoint  such  other  Committees 
and  civil  officers  as  may  be  necessary  for  mauagine 
the  general  affairs  of  the  United  States,  under  their 
direction— to  appoint  one  of  their  number  to  preside 
Provided  that  no  person  be  allowed  to  serve  in  the 
office  of  president  more  than  one  year  in  any  term  of 
a  years— to  ascertain  the  necessary  sums  of 


money  to  be  raised  for  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  appropriate  and  apply  the  same  for 
defraying  the  public  expenses — to  borrow  money  or 
emit  bills  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States,  trans 
mitting  every  half  year  to  the  respective  States  an 
account  of  the  sums  of  money  so  borrowed  or  emitted 
— to  build  and  equip  a  navy — to  agree  upon  the  num 
ber  of  land  forces,  and  to  make  requisitions  from  each 
State  for  its  quota,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
white  inhabitants  in  such  State;  which  requisition 
shall  be  binding,  and  thereupon  the  Legislature  of 
each  State  shall  appoint  the  regimental  officers,  raise 
the  men,  and  clothe,  arm,  and  equip  them,  in  a  sol 
dier-like  manner,  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States- 
and  the  officers  and  men  so  clothed,  armed,  ana 
equipped,  shall  march  to  the  place  appointed,  and 
within  the  time  agreed  on  by  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled;  but  if  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled,  shall,  on  consideration  of  cir 
cumstances,  judge  proper  that  any  State  should  not 
raise  men,  or  should  raise  a  smaller  number  than  its 
quota,  and  that  any  other  State  should  raise  a  greater 
number  of  men  than  the  quota  thereof,  such  extra 
number  shall  be  raised,  officered,  clothed,  armed,  and 
equipped,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  quota  of  such 
State,  unless  the  Legislature  of  such  State  shall 
judge  that  such  extra  number  cannot  safely  be  spared 
out  of  the  same;  in  which  case  they  shall  raise, 
officer,  clothe,  arm,  and  equip  as  many  of  such  extra 
number  as  they  judge  can  be  safely  spared.  And  the 
officers  and  men  so  clothed,  armed,  and  equipped, 
shall  march  to  the  place  appointed,  and  within  the 
time  agreed  on  by  the  United  States  in  Congress 
assembled. 

The  United  States  in  Congress  assembled  shall 
never  engage  in  a  war,  nor  grant  letters  of  marque 
and  reprisal  in  time  of  peace,  nor  enter  into  any 
treaties  or  alliances,  nor  coin  money,  nor  regulate  the 
value  thereof,  nor  ascertain  the  sums  and  expenses 
necessary  for  the  defense  and  welfare  of  the  United 
States  or  any  of  them,  nor  emit  bills,  nor  borrow 
money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States,  nor  appro 
priate  money,  nor  agree  upon  the  number  of  vessels- 
of-war  to  be  built  or  purchased,  or  the  number  of 
land  or  sea  forces  to  be  raised,  nor  appoint  a  Com 
mander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  unless  nine 
States  assent  to  the  same;  nor  shall  a  question  on  any 
other  point,  except  for  adjourning  from  day  to  day, 
be  determined,  unless  by  the  votes  of  a  majority  of 
the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  have  power 
to  adjourn  to  any  time  within  the  year,  and  to  any 
place  within  the  United  States,  so  that  no  period  of 
adjournment  be  for  a  longer  duration  than  the  space 
of  six  months;  and  shall  publish  the  journal  of  their 
proceedings  monthly,  except  such  parts  thereof  re 
lating  to  treaties,  alliances,  or  military  operations,  as 
in  their  judgment  requires  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and 
nays  of  the  Delegates  of  each  State  on  any  question 
shall  be  entered.on  the  journal,  when  it  is  desired  by 
any  Delegate;  and  the  Delegates  of  a  State,  or  any  of 
them,  at  his  or  their  request,  shall  be  furnished  with 
a  transcript  of  the  said  journal,  except  such  parts  as 
are  above  excepted,  to  lay  before  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States. 

ART.  10.  The  Committee  of  the  States,  or  any  nine 
of  them,  shall  be  authorized  to  execute,  in  the  re 
cess  of  Congress,  such  of  the  powers  of  Congress  as 
the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  by  the  con 
sent  of  nine  States,  shall  from  time  to  time  think  ex 
pedient  to  vest  them  with;  provided  that  no  power 
be  delegated  to  the  said  Committee,  for  the  exercise 
of  which,  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  the  voice 
of  nine  States  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
assembled  is  requisite. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


ART.  11.  Canada,  acceding  to  this  confederation, 
and  joining  in  the  measures  of  the  United  States, 
shall  be  admitted  into,  and  entitled  to,  all  the  advan 
tages  of  this  Union;  but  no  other  colony  shall  be  ad 
mitted  in  the  same  unless  such  admission  be  agreed 
to  by  nine  States. 

ART.  1:2.  All  bills  of  credit  emitted,  money  bor 
rowed,  and  debts  contracted,  by  or  under  the  au 
thority  of  Congress,  before  the  assembling  of  the 
United  States,  in  pursuance  of  the  present  confedera 
tion,  shall  be  deemed  and  considered  as  a  charge 
against  the  United  States,  for  payment  and  satisfac 
tion  whereof  the  said  United  States  and  the  public 
faith  are  hereby  solemnly  pledged. 

ART.  13.  Every  State  shall  abide  by  the  decision  of 
the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  on  all 
questions  which,  by  this  confederation,  are  submit 
ted  to  them.  And  the  articles  of  this  confederation 
shall  be  inviolably  observed  by  every  State,  and  the 
Union  shall  be  perpetual ;  nor  shall  any  alteration  at 
any  time  hereafter  be  made  in  any  of  them,  unless 
such  alteration  be  agreed  to  in  a  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  be  afterwards  confirmed  by  the 
Legislature  of  every  State. 

And  whereas  it  has  pleased  the  great  Governor  of 
the  world  to  incline  the  hearts  of  the  Legislatures  we 
respectively  represent  in  Congress,  to  approve  of  and 
to  authorize  us  to  ratify  the  said  Articles  of  Confed 
eration  and  perpetual  Union;  know  ye  that  we,  the 
undersigned  Delegates,  by  virtue  of  the  power  and 
authority  to  us  given  for  that  purpose,  do,  by  these 
presents,  in  the  name  and  in  behalf  of  our  respective 
c  mstituents,  fully  and  entirely  ratify  and  confirm 
e  ich  and  every  of  the  said  Articles  of  Confederation 
and  perpetual  Union,  and  all  and  singular  the  mat 
ters  and  things  therein  contained;  and  we  do  further 
solemnly  pledge  and  engage  the  faith  of  our  respect 
ive  constituents,  that  they  shall  abide  by  the  deter 
minations  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
on  all  questions  which,  by  the  said  confederation,  are 
submitted  to  them;  and  that  the  Articles  thereof 
shall  be  inviolably  observed  by  the  States  we  respect 
ively  represent;  and  that  the  Union  be  perpetual. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our 
hands,  in  Congress.  Done  at  Philadelphia,  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  the  ninth  day  of  July,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
seventy-eight,  and  in  the  third  year  of  the  independ 
ence  of  America. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Josiah  Bartlett,  John  Weutworth,  Jr. 

MASSACHUSETTS   BAY. 

John  Hancock,  Francis  Dana, 

Samuel  Adams,  James  Lovell, 

Elbridge  Gerry,  Samuel  Holton. 

RHODE   ISLAND. 

William  Ellery.  Henry  Marchant, 

John  Collins. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger  Sherman,  Oliver  Wolcott, 

Samuel  Huntington,  Titus  Hosmer, 

Andrew  Adams. 


James  Duane, 
Francis  Lewis, 


NEW   YORK. 

William  Duer, 


Governeur  Morris. 
NEW   JERSEY. 
John  Witherspoon,  Nath.  Scudder. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert  Morris,  Jonathan  Bayard  Smith, 

Daniel  Roberdeau,  William  Clingan, 

Joseph  Reed. 

DELAWARE. 

Thomas  McKean,  John  Dickinson, 

Nicholas  Van  Dyke. 


John  Hanson, 


MARYLAND. 

Daniel  Carroll. 


VIRGINIA. 

Richard  Henry  Lee,  Thomas  Adams, 

John  Banister,  John  Harvie, 

Francis  Lightfoot  Lee. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Penn,  Cornelius  Harnett. 

John  Williams. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Henry  Laurens,  John  Matthews, 

William  Henry  Drayton,    Richard  Hutson, 
Thomas  Heyward,  Jr. 

GEORGIA. 

George  Walton,  Edward  Telfair, 

Edward  Langworthy. 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    OF    AMERICA. 


[CAREFULLY  COMPARED  WITH  THE  ORIGINAL.] 
We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form 
a  more  perfect  Union,  establish  justice,  insure 
domestic  tranqnility,  provide  for  the  common  de 
fence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the 
blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity, 
do  ordain  and  establish  this  CONSTITUTION  for  the 
United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. 

SECTION  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted 
shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre 
sentatives. 

SEC.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  com 
posed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year  by  the 
people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  in  each 
State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  elect 
ors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legis 
lature. 


No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not 
have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  and 
been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that 
State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  ap 
portioned  among  the  several  States  which  may  be  in 
cluded  within  this  Union,  according  to  their  respect 
ive  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding 
to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those 
bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding 
Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three 
years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of 
ten  years,  in  such  a  manner  as  they  shall  by  law 
direct.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  ex 
ceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  State 
shall  have  at  least  one  Representative;  and  until  such 
enumeration  shall  be  made  the  State  of  New  Hamp- 


T  A  B  U  L  A  R     RECORDS. 


shire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  three,  Massachusetts 
eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations  one, 
Connecticut  five,  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four, 
Pennsylvania  eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six, 
Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five,  South  Carolina  five, 
and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from 
antf  State  the  executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue 
•writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their 
Speaker  and  other  officers;  and  shall  have  the  sole 
power  of  Impeachment.  . 

SEC.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
composed  of  two  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by 
the  Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Sen 
ator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  con 
sequence  of  the  first  election,  they  shall  be  divided  as 
equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of 
the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the 
expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at 
the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  of  the  third 
class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one- 
third  may  be  chosen,  every  second  year;  and  if  vacan 
cies  happen  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the 
recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive 
thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill 
such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have 
attained  to  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine 
years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall 
not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote,  unless 
they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and 
also  a  President  pro  tcmpore  in  the  absence  of  the 
Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of 
President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  im 
peachments.  When  sitting  for  that  purpose  they 
shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President 
of  the  United  States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice  shall 
preside ;  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the 
concurrence  of  two  thirds  of  the  members  present. 

Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend 
further  than  to  removal  from  office,  and  disqualifica 
tion  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  con 
victed  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  in 
dictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  accord 
ing  to  law. 

SEC.  4.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding 
elections  for  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be 
prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof; 
but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or 
alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of 
choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every 
year,  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday 
of  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a 
different  day. 

SEC.  5.  Each  House  shall  be  the  Judge  of  the 
elections,  returns,  and  qualifications  of  its  own  mem 
bers,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum 
to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn 
from  day  to  day,  and  may  be  authorized  ito  compel 
the  attendance  of  absent  members  in  such  manner 
and  under  such  penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 
Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceed 
ings,  punish  its  members  for  disorderly  behavior, 
and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  expel  a 
member. 


Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceed  ings' 
and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting 
such  parts  as  may  in  their  judgment  require  secrecy; 
and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of 
those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Neither  House  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall 
without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more 
than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in 
which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

SEC.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall 
receive  a  compensation  for  their  services,  to  be  ascer 
tained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 
felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from 
arrest,  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their 
respective  Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning 
from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either 
House  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other 
place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time 
for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil 
office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emolutions  whereof 
shall  have  been  increased  during  such  time;  and  no 
person  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States 
shall  be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his  con 
tinuance  in  office. 

SEC.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  origin 
ate  in  the  House  of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate 
may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  on  other 
bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of 
Representatives  and  the  Senate  shall,  before  it  be 
comes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if 
not  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that 
House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall 
enter  the  objection  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsidera 
tion,  two-thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the 
bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to 
the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  recon 
sidered,  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House 
it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all  such  cases  the 
votes  of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and 
nays,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and 
against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each 
House  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted) 
after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same 
shall  be  a  law;  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it, 
unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent 
its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  con 
currence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjourn 
ment),  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States;  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect, 
shall  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being  disapproved  by 
him,  shall  berepassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representative,  according  to  the  rules  and 
limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 
SEC.  8.  The  Congress  shall  have  power 
To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  ex 
cises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  common 
defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States; 
but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform 
throughout  the  United  States; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States; 
To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and 
among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes; 
To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and 
uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies  through 
out  the  United  States; 


T  A  K  U  L  A  K     R  E  C  O  K  D  S . 


To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of 
foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and 
measures; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeit 
ing  the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United 
States; 

To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads; 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts, 
by  securing  for  limited  times  to  authors  and  invent 
ors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings 
and  discoveries; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme 
Court; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  commit 
ted  on  the  high  seas,  and  offenses  against  the  law  of 
nations ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal, 
and  make  rules  concerning  captures  on  land  and 
water; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation 
of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than 
two  years: 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation 
of  the  land  and  naval  forces; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute 
the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  re 
pel  invasions; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining 
the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of  them,  as 
may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States, 
reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appointment 
of  the  officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the 
militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Con 
gress; 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation,  in  all  cases  what 
soever,  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles 
square),  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States,  and 
the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  Gov 
ernment  of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  au 
thority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the  same  shall 
be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals, 
dockyards,  and  other  needful  buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  prop 
er  for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing  powers, 
and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  de 
partment  or  officer  thereof. 

SEC.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  per 
sons  as  any  of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think 
proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Con 
gress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight,  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such 
importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  shall 
not  be  suspended,  unless  when  in  cases  of  rebellion, 
or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be 
passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  un 
less  in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enumeration  here 
inbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported 
from  any  State. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of 
commerce  or  revenue  to  the  ports  of  one  State  over 
those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from 
one  State  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in 
another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in 
consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a 
regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published 
from  time  to  time. 


No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United 
States;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or 
trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the 
Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office, 
or  title,  of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince, 
or  foreign  State. 

SEC.  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  al 
liance,  or  confederation ;  grant  letters  of  marque  and 
reprisal;  coin  money;  emit  bills  of  credit;  make  any 
thing  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of 
debts;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or 
law  impairing  the  obligations  of  contracts,  or  grant 
any  title  of  nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress, 
lay  any  imposts  or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  ex 
cept  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing 
its  inspection  laws;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties 
and  imposts,  laid  by  any  State  on  imports  or  exports, 
shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  re 
vision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress, 
lay  any  duty  on  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships-of-war 
in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  com 
pact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or 
engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such 
imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE  II. 

SECTION  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in 
a  President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  He 
shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years, 
and,  together  with  the  Vice-President,  chosen  for  the 
same  term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the 
Legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors, 
equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Repre 
sentatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the 
Congress;  but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  per 
son  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the 
United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[*The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States, 
and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at 
least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State 
with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all 
the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for 
each;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and 
transmit  sealed  to  the  Seat  of  i,he  Government  of  the 
United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Sen 
ate.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  pres 
ence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be 
counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  ma 
jority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  major 
ity,  and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  immediately  choose  by  bal 
lot  one  of  them  for  President;  and  if  no  person  have 
a  majority,  then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the 
said  House  shall  in  like  manner  choose  the  President. 
But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken 
by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having 
one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of 
a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States, 
and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  Presi 
dent,  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes 
of  the  Electors  shall  be  the  Vice-President.  But  if 
there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal 
votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the 
Vice-President.  ] 


*This  clause  within  brackets  has  been  superseded  and  an 
nulled  by  the  12th  amendment. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing 
the  Electors,  and  the  day  on  which  they  shall  give 
their  votes;  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout 
the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural -born  citizen,  or  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Presi 
dent;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office 
who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty- 
five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within 
the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office, 
or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge 
the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall 
devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress  may 
by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resig 
nation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Vice- 
President,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as 
President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly  until 
the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be 
elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his 
services  a  compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  in 
creased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he 
shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive 
within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the 
United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office  he 
shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation  : 

"/  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm}  that  I  will  faithfully 
execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

SEC.  2.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief 
of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of 
the  Militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into 
the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  re 
quire  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer 
in  each  of  the  Executive  Departments,  upon  any  sub 
ject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices, 
and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  par 
dons  for  offenses  against  the  United  States,  except  in 
cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two- 
thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur;  and  he  shall 
nominate,  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint  Ambassadors,  other  pub 
lic  Ministers  and  Consuls,  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose 
appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for, 
and  which  shall  be  established  by  law,  but  the  Con 
gress,  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment  of  such  in 
ferior  officers  as  they  think  proper,  in  the  President 
alone,  in  the  Courts  of  law,  or  in  the  Heads  of  De 
partments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  rill  up  all  vacan 
cies  that  may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate, 
by  granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the 
end  of  their  next  session. 

SEC.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the 
Congress  information  of  the  State  of  the  Union,  and 
recommend  to  their  consideration  "such  measures  as 
he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on 
extraordinary  occasions,  convene  both  Houses,  or 
either  of  them,  and,  in  case  of  disagreement  between 
them  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think 
proper;  he  shall  receive  Ambassadors  and  other  pub 
lic  Ministers;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  offi 
cers  of  the  United  States. 

SEC.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all 
civil  officers  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  removed 


from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of, 
treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misde 
meanors. 

ARTICLE  III. 

SECTION  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United 
States  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in 
such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time 
to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of 
the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stilted 
times  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which 
shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in 
office. 

SEC.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases, 
in  law  and  equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution, 
the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or 
which  shall  be  made  under  their  authority;  to  all 
cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers, 
and  Consuls;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction;  to  controversies  to  wrhich  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  party;  to  controversies  between 
two  or  more  States;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of 
another  State;  between  citizens  of  different  States; 
between  citizens  of  the  same  State  claiming  lands 
under  grants  of  different  States:  and  between  a  State, 
or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  States,  citizens, 
or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public 
Ministers  and  Consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State 
shall  be  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  orig 
inal  jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  beibre  men 
tioned  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate  juris 
diction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions 
and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall 
make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeach 
ment,  shall  be  by  jury;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held 
in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been 
committed ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  State, 
the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Con 
gress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

SEC.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall 
consist  only  in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in  ad 
hering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  the 
testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or 
on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  pun 
ishment  of  treason,  but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall 
work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  dur 
ing  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

SECTION  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in 
each  State  to  the  public  acts,  records  and  judicial 
proceedings  of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress 
may  by  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which 
such  acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved, 
and  the  effect  thereof. 

SEC.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled 
to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the 
several  States. 

A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony, 
or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  justice,  and  be 
found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  Ex 
ecutive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  lied,  be 
delivered  up  to  be  removed  to  the  State  having  juris 
diction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State, 
under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall, 
in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be 
discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be 
delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such 
service  or  labor  may  be  due. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


SEC.  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Con 
gress  into  this  Union;  but  no  new  State  shall  be 
formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other 
State,  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two 
or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without  the  con 
sent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as 
well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have,  power  to  dispose  of  and 
make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting  the 
territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United 
States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so 
construed  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United 
States  or  of  any  particular  State. 

SEC.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to 
every  State  in  this  Union  a  republican  form  of  gov 
ernment,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  in 
vasion;  and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of 
the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot  be  con 
vened),  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  the  House 
shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to 
this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of  the  Legis 
latures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call 
a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which, 
in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  pur 
poses,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified  by 
the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States, 
or  by  conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the 
one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  pro 
posed  by  the  Congress:  Provided,  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eight,  shall  in  any  manner  affect 
the  first  and  fourth  clauses  of  the  ninth  section  of  the 
first  article;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent, 
shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into 
before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  shall  be  as 
valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitu 
tion  as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  which  shall  be  made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and 
all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme 
law  of  the  land;  and  the  Judges  in  every  State  shall 
be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned, 
and  the  members  of  the  several  State  Legislatures, 
and  all  executive  and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be 


bound  by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitu 
tion;  but  no  religious  test  shall  e\er  be  required  as  a 
qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under  the 
United  States. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States 
shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this  Con 
stitution  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 
DONE  in  Convention,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of 
the  States  present,  the  seventeenth  day  of  Septem 
ber,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence 
of  the  United  States  of  America  the  twelfth.     IN 
WITNESS  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our 
names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,  and  Deputy  from  Virginia. 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

John  Langdon,  Nicholas  Oilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Nathaniel  Gorham,  Rufus  King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

William  S.  Johnson,  Roger  Sherman. 

NEW  YORK. 

Alexander  Hamilton. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

William  Livingston,  David  Brearley, 

William  Paterson,  Jonathan  Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  Thomas  Mifflin, 

Robert  Morris,  George  Clymer, 

Thomas  Fitzsimons,  Jared  Ingersoll, 

James  Wilson,  Gouverueur  Morris. 

DELAWARE. 

George  Read,  Jacob  Broom, 

John  Dickinson,  Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 

Richard  Bassett. 

MARYLAND. 

James  McHenry,  Daniel  Carroll, 

Daniel  Jenifer,  of  St.  Thomas. 
VIRGINIA. 

John  Blair,  James  Madison,  Jr. 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 

William  Blount,  Hugh  Williamson, 

Richard  D.  Speight. 
SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

J.  Rutledge,  Charles  C.  Pinckney, 

Charles  Pinckney,  Pierce  Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William  Few,  Abraham  Baldwin. 

Attest:        WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  CONVENTION 

IN  CONVENTION. 

MONDAY,  September  17,  1787. 

Resolved,  That  the  preceding  Constitution  be  laid 
before  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled;  and 
that  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  Convention  that  it  should 
afterwards  be  submitted  to  a  Convention  of  Delegates, 
chosen  in  each  State  by  the  people  thereof,  under 
the  recommendation  of  its  Legislature,  for  their  as 
sent  and  ratification;  and  that  each  Convention  as 
senting  to  and  ratifying  the  same  should  give  notice 
thereof  to  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled. 

Rewired,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  Convention 
that,  as  soon  as  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall 
have  ratified  this  Constitution,  the  United  States  in 
Congress  assembled  should  fix  a  day  on  which  Elect 
ors  should  be  appointed  by  the  States  which  shall 
have  ratified  the  same,  and  a  day  on  which  Electors 
should  assemble  to  vote  for  the  President,  and  the 


WHICH  FORMED  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

I  time  and  place  for  commencing  proceedin.gs  under 

!  this  Constitution;  that  after  such  publication,  the 
Electors  should  be  appointed,  and  the  Senators  and 
Representatives  elected  ;  that  the  Electors  should, 
meet  on  the  day  fixed  for  the  election  of  the  Presi 
dent,  and  should  transmit  their  votes,  certified, 
signed,  sealed,  and  directed,  as  the  Constitution  re 
quires,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  United  States  in  Con 
gress  assembled ;  that  the  Senators  and  Representa- 
tives  should  convene  at  the  time  and  place  assigned; 

i  that  the  Senators  should  appoint  a  President  of  the 
Senate,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  receiving,  opening, 
and  counting  the  votes  for  President;  and  that,  after 
he  shall  be  chosen,  the  Congress,  together  with  the 
President,  should,  without  delay,  proceed  to  execute 
this  Constitution. 

By  the  unanimous  order  of  the  Convention. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON,  President. 
WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


T  A  B  U  L  A  K  K  E  C  O  R  D  S . 


LETTER  OF  THE  CONVENTION  TO  THE  OLD  CONGRESS. 


IN  CONVENTION. 

September  17,  1787. 

SIR:  We  have  now  the  honor  to  submit  to  the  con 
sideration  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled, 
that  Constitution  which  has  appeared  to  us  the  most 
advisable. 

The  friends  of  our  country  have  long  seen  and  de 
sired  that  the  power  of  making  war,  peace,  and  trea 
ties;  that  of  levying  money,  and  regulating  com 
merce,  and  the  correspondent  executive  and  judicial 
authorities,  should  be  fully  and  effectually  vested  in 
the  General  Government  of  the  Union;  but  the  im 
propriety  of  delegating  such  extensive  trust  to  one 
body  of  men  is  evident;  hence  results  the  necessity 
of  a  different  organization. 

It  is  obviously  impracticable  in  the  Federal  Gov 
ernment  of  these  States  to  secure  all  rights  of  inde 
pendent  sovereignty  to  each,  and  yet  provide  for  the 
interest  and  safety 'of  all.  Individuals  entering  into 
society  must  give  up  a  share  of  liberty  to  preserve 
the  rest.  The  magnitude  of  the  sacrifice  must  de 
fend  as  well  on  situation  and  circumstances  as  on  the 
object  to  be  obtained.  It  is  at  all  times  difficult  to 
draw  with  precision  the  line  between  those  rights 
•which  must  be  surrendered  and  those  which  may  be 
reserved;  and,  on  the  present  occasion,  this  difficulty 
was  increased  by  a  difference  among  the  several 
States  as  to  their  situation,  extent,  habits,  and  par 
ticular  interests. 


In  all  our  deliberations  on  this  subject,  we  kept 
steadily  in  our  view  that  which  appears  to  us  the 
greatest  interest  of  every  true  American, — the  consol 
idation  of  our  Union, — in  which  is  involved  our  pros 
perity,  felicity,  safety,  perhaps  our  national  exist 
ence.  This  important  consideration,  seriously  and 
deeply  impressed  on  our  minds,  led  each  State  in  the 
Convention  to  be  less  rigid  on  points  of  inferior 
magnitude  than  might  have  been  otherwise  expected; 
and  thus  the  Constitution,  which  we  now  present,  is 
the  result  of  a  spirit  of  amity,  and  of  that  mutual 
deference  and  confession  which  the  peculiarity  of 
our  political  situation  rendered  indispensable. 

That  it  will  meet  the  full  and  entire  approbation 
of  every  State  is  not,  perhaps,  to  be  expected;  but 
each  will  doubtless  consider  that,  had  her  interest 
been  alone  consulted,  the  consequences  might  have 
been  particularly  disagreeable  or  injurious  to  others. 
That  it  is  liable  to  as  few  exceptions  as  could  reason 
ably  have  been  expected,  we  hope  and  believe.  That 
it  may  promote  the  lasting  welfare  of  that  country  so 
dear  to  us  all,  and  secure  her  freedom  and  happiness, 
is  our  most  ardent  wish. 

With  great  respect,  we  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir, 
your  Excellency's  most  obedient,  humble  servants. 

By  unanimous  order  of  the  Convention. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON,  President. 
His  Excellency,  the  PRESIDENT  OF  CONGRESS. 


PROCEEDINGS    IN  THE   OLD  CONGRESS. 


UNITED  STATES  IN  CONGRESS   ASSEMBLED. 

FRIDAY,  September  28,  1787. 

Present — New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Connecti 
cut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania.  Delaware, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia; 
and  from  Maryland,  Mr.  Ross. 

Congress  having  received  the  report  of  the  Conven 
tion  lately  assembled  in  Philadelphia, — • 


Resolved,  unanimously,  That  the  said  report,  with 
the  resolutions  and  letter  accompanying  the  same,  be 
transmitted  to  the  several  Legislatures,  in  order  to 
be  submitted  to  a  Convention  of  Delegates  chosen  in 
each  State  by  the  people  thereof,  in  conformity  to  the 
resolves  of  the  Convention  made  and  provided  in  that 
case. 

CHARLES  THOMSON,  Secretary. 


STATE   RATIFICATIONS   OF  THE   CONSTITUTION. 


The  Constitution  was  adopted  September  17,  1787, 
by  the  Convention  appointed  in  pursuance  of  the  reso 
lution  of  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  of  Feb 
ruary  21,  1787,  and  was  ratified  by  the  Conventions 
of  the  several  States  as  follows,  viz. : 

By  Convention   of    Delaware December   7,  1787 

By  Convention  of  Pennsylvania... December  12,  1787 

By  Convention  of  New  Jersey December  18,  1787 

By  Convention  of  Georgia January       2,  1788 


By  Convention  of  Connecticut 

By  Convention  of  Massachusetts. 
By  Convention  of  Maryland 
By  Convention  of  South  Carolina. 
By  Convention  of  New  Hampshire 

By  Convention  of  Virginia 

By  Convention  of  New  York 

By  Convention  of  North  Carolina. 
By  Convention  of  Rhode  Island.. 


.January  9,  1788 
.February  6,  1788 
April  28,  1788 
.May  23.  1788 

June  21,  1788 

June  26,  1788 

July  26,  1788 

November  21,  1788 
May  29,  1790 


ARTICLES  IN  ADDITION  TO,  AND  AMENDMENT  OF, 

THE  CONSTITUTION   OF  THE  UNITED   STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

PROPOSED    BY    CONGRESS,    AND    RATIFIED    BY    THE    LEGISLATURES    OF    THE    SEVERAL    STATES    PURSUANT 
TO  THE  FIFTH   ARTICLE  OF  THE   ORIGINAL   CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  estab 
lishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise 
thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech,  or  of 
the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  as 
semble,  and  to  petition  the  Government  for  redress  of 
grievances. 

ARTICLE  IL 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  se 
curity  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep 
and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 


ARTICLE  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in 
any  house,  without  the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in 
time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  per 
sons,  houses,  papefs,  and  effects,  against  unreason 
able  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and. 
no  warrants  shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause,  sup 
ported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  de 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


scribing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  person  or 
things  to  be  seized. 

ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or 
otherwise  infamous  crime,  unless  on  a  presentment 
or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising 
in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when 
in  actual  service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor 
shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offense  to 
be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb;  nor  shall  be 
compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against 
himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  prop 
erty  be  taken  for  public  use  without  just  compensa 
tion. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  en 
joy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  im 
partial  jury  of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the 
crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall 
have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be 
informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation ; 
to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him ;  to 
have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in 
his  favor,  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for 
his  defense. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  con 
troversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of 
trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by 
a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of 
the  United  States,  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the 
common  law. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive 
fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments 
inflicted. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain 
rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage 
others  retained  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by 
the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States, 
are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the 
people. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not 
be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit,  in  law  or  equity, 
commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United 
States  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or 
subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

ARTICLE  XH. 

The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States, 
and  vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President, 
one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of 
the  same  State  with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in 
their  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  President,  and 
in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-Presi 
dent,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  per 
sons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted 
for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for 
each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and 
transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the 
Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  pres 
ence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be 
counted;  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President,  if  such 
number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Elect 
ors  appointed;  and  if  no  person  have  such  majority, 

0 


then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers, 
not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for 
as  President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
choose  immediately  by  ballot,  the  President.  But  in 
choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by 
States,  the  Representation  from  each  State  having 
one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  oi' 
a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States, 
and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
not  choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice 
shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  day  of 
March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall 
act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other 
constitutional  disability  of  the  President.  The  per 
son  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice- 
President  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number- 
be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  ap 
pointed  ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from 
the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list  the  Senate  shall 
choose  the  Vice-President;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose 
shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of 
Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall 
be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitution 
ally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligi 
ble  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

SECTION  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servi 
tude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the 
party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to 
their  jurisdiction. 

SEC.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this 
article  by  appropriate  legislation. 
ARTICLE  XIV. 

SECTION  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the 
United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof, 
are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State 
wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall  make  or  enforce 
any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immu 
nities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any 
State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person 
within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

SEC.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned 
among  the  several  States  according  to  their  respect 
ive  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  persona 
in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But 
when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice 
of  Electors  for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  exec 
utive  and  judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members 
of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the 
male  inhabitants  of  such  State,  being  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  i  n 
my  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebel 
lion,  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  representation  therein 
shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number 
of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  num 
ber  of  male  citizens,  twenty-one  years  of  age,  in  such 
State. 

SEC.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice- 
President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under 
ihe  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who,  having 
previously  taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of  Congress, 
or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member 
of  any  State  Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judi 
cial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrec- 
ion  or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or 
comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may, 
ay  a  vote  of  two-thirda  of  each  House,  remove  such 
disability. 


TABULAE    RECORDS. 


SEC.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the 
United  States,  authorized  by  law,  including  debts  in 
curred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for  ser 
vices  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall 
not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States 
nor  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obliga 
tion  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  or  any  cla'im  for  the  loss 
or  emancipation  of  any  slave;  but  all  such  debts 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and 
void. 


SEC.  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce, 
by  appropriate  legislation,  the  provisions  of  this 
article. 

ARTICLE  XV. 

SECTION  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the 
United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account  of  race, 
color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

SEC.  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce 
this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  first  ten*  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 
CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES, 

BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK,  ON  WEDNESDAY,  THE  FOURTH  OF  MARCH,  ONE 
THOUSAND   SEVEN   HUNDRED  AND    EIGHTY-NINE. 


The  Convention  of  a  number  of  the  States  having, 
at  the  time  of  their  adopting  the  Constitution,  ex 
pressed  a  desire,  in  order  to  prevent  misconstruction 
or  abuse  of  its  powers,  that  further  declaratory  and 
restrictive  clauses  should  be  added;  and  as  extending 
the  ground  of  public  confidence  in  the  government 
will  best  insure  the  beneficent  end  of  its  institution, — 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa 
tive*  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  as 
sembled,  two-thirds  of  both  houses  concurring,  That 
the  following  articles  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures 
of  the  several  States,  as  amendments  to  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  all  or  any  of  which  articles, 
when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the  said  Legisla 
tures,  to  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part 
of  the  said  Constitution,  viz: — 

Articles  in  addition  to,  and  amendent  of,  the  Con 


stitution  of  the  United  States  of  America,  proposed 
by  Congress  and  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
several  States,  pursuant  to  the  Fifth  Article  of  the 
original  Constitution. 

The  first  ten  amendments  of  the  Constitution  were 
ratified  by  the  States  as  follows,  viz: — 

By  New  Jersey November  20,  1789. 

By  Maryland December  19,  1789. 

By  North  Carolina December  22,  1789. 

By  South  Carolira January      19,  1790. 

By  New  Hampshire January     2.">,  1790. 

By  Delaware January 

By  Pennsylvania March 

By  New  York March 

By  Rhode  Island June 

By  Vermont November    3,  1791. 

By  Virginia December  15,  1791. 


28,  1790. 
10,  1790. 
27,  1790. 
15,  1790. 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  eleventh  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 
THIRD  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  IN  THE  STATE  OF  PENNSYLVA 
NIA,  ON  MONDAY,  THE  SECOND  OF  DECEMBER,  ONE  THOUSAND  SEVEN  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-THREK. 


Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  tlie  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled, 
two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  the  fol- 


several  States  as  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States;  which,  when  ratified  by  three- 
fourths  of  the  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  as  part* 


lowing  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the    of  the  said  Constitution,  viz: — 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  twelfth  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 

EIGHTH  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT   THE   CITY  OF   WASHINGTON,  IN  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA, 
ON  MONDAY,  THE  SEVENTEENTH  OF  OCTOBER,  ONE  THOUSAND  EIGHT  HUNDRED  AND  THREE. 


Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled, 
two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  in  lieu  of 
the  third  paragraph  of  the  first  section  of  the  Second 
Article  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  the 
following  be  proposed  as  an  amendment  to  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States;  which,  when  ratified  by 
three-fourths  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States, 


shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of 
the  said  Constitution,  to  wit: 

The  ten  first  of  the  preceding  amendments  were 
proposed  at  the  first  session  of  the  first  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  September  25,  1789,  and  were 
finally  ratified  by  the  constitutional  number  of  States, 
December  15,  1791.  The  eleventh  amendment  was 
proposed  at  the  first  session  of  the  Third  Congress, 


*Itmay  be  proper  here  to  state  that  twelve  articles  of  amend 
ment  were  proposed  by  the  first  Congress,  of  which  but  ten 
were  ratified  by  the  States— the  first  and  second  in  order  not 
having  been  ratified  by  the  requisite  number  of  States. 

These  two  were  as  follows: 

Article  First  —After  the  first  enumeration  required  by  the 
First  Article  >,f  the  Constitution,  there  shall  be  one  Represent 
ative  for  every  thirty  thousand,  until  the  number  shall  amount 
to  one  hundred,  after  which  the  proportion  shall  be  so  regu 
lated  by  Congress  that  there  shall  not  be  less  than  one  hundred 


Representatives,  nor  less  than  one  Representative  for  every 
forty  thousand  persons,  until  the  number  of  Representatives 
shall  amount  to  two  hundred,  after  which  the  proportion  shall 
be  so  regulated  by  Congress  that  there  shall  not  be  less  than 
two  hundred  Representatives,  nor  more  than  one  Representa 
tive  to  every  fifty  thousand  persons. 

^ Article  Second- — No  law  varying  the  compensation  for  the  ser 
vices  of  the  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  take  effect 
until  an  election  of  Representatives  shall  have  intervened. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


March  5,  1794,  and  was  declared,  in  a  message  from 
the  President  of  the  United  States  to  both  Houses  of 
Congress,  dated  January  8, 1798,  to  have  been  adopted 
by  the  constitutional  number  of  States.  The  twelfth 
amendment  was  proposed  at  the  first  session  of  the 


Eighth  Congress,  December  12, 1803,  and  was  adopted 
by  the  constitutional  number  of  States  in  1804,  ac 
cording  to  a  public  notice  thereof  by  the  Secretary  of 
State,  dated  September  25  of  the  same  year. 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  thirteenth  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 

THIRTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  SECOXD  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF   WASHINGTON,   DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,   ON 
THE  FIRST  DAY  OF  FEBRUARY,  EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTY-FIVE. 


Eesolvcd,  by  tlie,  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled, 
two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That  the  fol 
lowing  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the 
several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States,  which,  when  ratified  by  three- 
fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid,  to  all  in 
tents  and  purposes,  as  a  part  of  said  Constitution, 
namely: 

This  amendment  was  declared  adopted  on  the  18th 


I  day  of  December,  1865,  at  which  time  it  had  been 
duly  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  ol 
Illinois,  Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  Maryland,  New 
York,  West  Virginia,  Maine,  Kansas,  Massachusetts, 
Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  Ohio.  Missouri,  Nevada,  In 
diana,  Louisiana,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Vermont, 
Tennessee,  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  New  Hampshire, 
South  Carolina,  Alabama,  North  Carolina,  and  Geor 
gia — in  all,  twenty-seven  States. 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  fourteenth  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 
THIRTY-NINTH   CONGRESS   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES, 

AT    THE    FIRST    SESSION,  BEGUN    AND    HELD    IN  THE    CITY  OF  WASHINGTON,  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,    ON 

THE  SIXTEENTH   DAY  OF  JUNE,    EIGHTEEN   HUNDRED  AND  SIXTY-SIX. 

Be  it  resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represent 
atives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress 
assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That 
the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures 
of  the  several  States  as  an  amendment  to  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States,  which,  when  ratified  by 
three-fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  as 
part  of  the  Constitution,  namely : 

This  amendment  was  declared  adopted  on  the  20th 


day  of  July,  1868,  at  which  time  it  had  been  duly- 
ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  of  Connecti 
cut,  New  Hampshire,  Tennessee,  New  Jersey,  Oregon, 
Vermont,  New  York,  Ohio,  Illinois,  West  Virginia, 
Kansas,  Maine,  Nevada,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Minneso 
ta,  Rhode  Island,  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan, 
Massachusetts,  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Arkansas,  Florida, 
North  Carolina,  Louisiana,  South  Carolina,  and  Ala 
bama — in  all,  twenty-nine  States. 


[The  following  is  prefixed  to  the  fifteenth  of  the  preceding  amendments.] 
FORTIETH    CONGRESS  OF   THE    UNITED   STATES, 


AT    THE    LAST    SESSION,    BEGUN   AND    HELD    AT    THE 
THE    TWENTY-SEVENTH   OF   FEBRUARY, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled, 
two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring.  That  the  fol 
lowing  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the 
several  States,  as  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  which,  when  ratified  by  three- 
fourths  of  said  Legislatures,  shall  be  valid  as  part  of 
the  Constitution,  namely: 

This  amendment,  as  appears  from  the  Proclamation 
of  the  Secretary  of  State,  dated  March  30,  1870,  was 


CITY    OF  WASHINGTON,   DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,    Off 
EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTY-NINE. 

ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  of  North 
Carolina,  West  Virginia,  Massachusetts,  Wisconsin, 
Maine,  Louisiana,  Michigan,  South  Carolina,  Penn 
sylvania,  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Illinois,  In 
diana,  New  York,  New  Hampshire,  Nevada,  Vermont, 
Virginia,  Alabama,  Missouri,  Mississippi,  Ohio,  Iowa, 
Kansas.  Minnesota,  Rhode  Island,  Nebraska,  and 
Texas— in  all,  twenty-nine  States.  It  should  be  added 
that  New  York  withdrew  her  vote,  and  Georgia  took 
her  place  in  the  affirmative. 


TABULAE  RECORDS. 


SESSIONS  OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONGRESS. 
(OFFICIALLY  PREPARED  FOR  THIS  WORK.) 

STATEMENT 

Showing  the  Commencement  and  Termination  of  each  Session  of  Congress  Mid  under  the  Present  Constitution,  \cith 

the  number  of  Days  in  each. 


Congress. 

Session 

From— 

To- 

Year  of  In 
dependence 

Number  of 
days  in  eae 
session. 

Where  held. 

( 

1 

March           4,  1789 

September29,  1789 

13 

210 

New  York. 

1 

2 

January       4,  1790 

August       12,  1790 

14 

221 

do. 

1 

3 

December    6,  1790 

March           3,  1791 

15 

88 

Philadelphia. 

=>/ 

1 

October      24,  1791 

May              8,  1792 

16 

197 

do. 

2i 

2 

November    5,  1792 

March           2,  1793 

17 

119 

do. 

<*/ 

1 

December    2,  1793 

June             9,  1794 

18 

190 

do. 

3i 

2 

November    3,  1794 

March           3,  1795 

19 

121 

do. 

Al 

1 

December    7,  1795 

June             1,  1796 

20 

177 

do. 

M 

2 

December    5,  1796 

March           3,  1797 

21 

89 

do. 

r 

1 

May            15,  1797 

July            10,  1797 

21 

57 

do. 

5\ 

2 

November  13,  1797 

July            16,  1798             22 

246 

do. 

I 

3 

December    3,  1798 

March           3,  1799 

23 

91 

do. 

R/ 

1 

December     2,  1799 

May            14,  1800 

24 

164 

do. 

6i 

2 

November  17,  1800 

March           3,  1801 

25 

107 

Washington. 

7/ 

1 

December    7,  1801 

May              3,  1802 

26 

148 

do. 

71 

2 

December    6,  1802 

March           8,  1803 

27 

88 

do. 

8/ 

1 

October      17,  1803 

March         27,  1804 

28 

163 

do. 

8t 

2 

November    5,  1804 

March           3,  1805 

29 

119 

do. 

QJ 

1 

December     2,  1805 

April           21,  1806 

30 

141 

do. 

9i 

2 

December     1,  1806 

March           3,  1807 

31 

93 

do. 

10  / 

1 

October      26,  1807 

April           25,  1808 

32 

182 

do. 

10  I 

2 

November    7,  1808 

March           3,  1809 

33 

117 

do. 

f 

1 

May            22,  1809 

June           28,  1809 

33 

38 

do. 

11  \ 

2 

November  27,  1809 

May              1,  1810 

34 

156 

do. 

( 

3 

December    3,  1810 

March           3,  1811 

35 

91 

do. 

12  1 

1 

November    4,  1811 

July              6,  1812 

36 

245 

do. 

12  I 

2 

November    2,  1812 

March           3,  1813 

37 

122 

do. 

r 

1 

May            24,  1813 

August         2,  1813 

37 

71 

do. 

13  ] 

2 

December     6,  1813 

April           18,  1814 

38 

134 

do. 

( 

3 

September  19,  1814 

March           3,  1815 

39 

166 

do. 

14  J 

1 

December    4,  1815 

April           30,  1816 

40 

148 

do 

14  I 

2 

December    2,  1816 

March           3,  1817 

41 

92 

do. 

15  1 

1 

December    1,  1817 

April           30,  1818 

42 

141 

do. 

15  1 

2 

November  16,  1818 

March           3,  1819 

43 

108 

do. 

16  { 

1 

December    6,  1819 

May            15,  1820 

44 

162 

do. 

15  I 

2 

November  13,  1820 

March           3,  1821 

45- 

111 

do. 

17  1 

1 

December    3,  1821 

May              8,  1822 

46 

157 

do. 

17  I 

2 

December    2,  1822 

March           3,  1823 

47 

92 

do. 

18  j 

1 

December     1,  1823 

May            27,  1824 

48 

178 

do. 

10  \ 

2 

December     6,  1824 

March           3,  1825 

49 

88 

do. 

19  { 

1 

December    5,  1825 

May            22,  1826 

50 

169 

do. 

I 

2 

December    4,  1826 

March           3,  1827 

51 

90 

do. 

20  1 

1 

December     3,  1827 

May            26,  1828 

52 

175 

do. 

^u\ 

2 

December     1,  1828 

March           3,  1829 

53 

93 

do. 

21  1 

1 

December     7,  1829 

May            31,  1830 

54 

176 

do. 

\ 

.      2 

December     6,  1830 

March           3,  1831 

55 

88 

do. 

22l 

1 

December     5,  1831 

July            16,  1832 

56 

225 

do. 

\ 

2 

December    3,  1832 

March           3,  1833 

57 

91 

do. 

23  j 

1 

December    2,  1833 

June           30,  1834 

58 

211 

do. 

I 

2 

December     1,  1834 

March           3,  1835 

59 

93 

do. 

24  1 

1 

December     7,  1835 

July              4,  1836 

60 

211 

do. 

\ 

2 

December    5,  1836 

March           3,  1837 

61 

89 

do. 

f 

1 

September   4,  1837 

October      16,  1837 

61 

43 

do. 

25 

2 

December    4,  1837 

July              9,  1838 

62 

218 

do. 

I 

3 

December    3,  1838 

March           3,  1839 

63 

91 

do. 

26  •[ 

1 

December    2,  1839 

July            21,  1840 

64 

233 

do. 

I 

2 

December    7,  1840 

March           3,  1841 

65 

87 

do. 

J 

1 
2 

May            31,  1841 
December    6,  1841 

September  13,  1841 
August       31,  1842 

65 
66 

106 
269 

do. 
do. 

(. 

3 

December    5,  1842 

March           3,  1843 

67 

89 

do. 

28J 

1 

December    4,  1843 

June           17,  1844 

68 

196 

do. 

I 

2 

December    2,  1844 

March           3,  1845 

69 

92 

do. 

29  { 

1 
2 

December     1,  1845 
December     7,  1846 

August       10,  1846 
March           3,  1847 

70 
71 

253 

87 

do. 
do. 

TABULAR    RECORDS. 


xri 


Congress. 

Session. 

From  — 

To- 

Year  of  In 
dependence. 

Number  of 
days   in    each 
Session. 

Where  held. 

30J 

1 
2 

December    6,  1847 
December    4,  1848 

August        14,  1848 
March            3,  1849 

72 
73 

254 

90 

Washington, 
do. 

31  •[ 

1 

December     3,  1849 

September  30,  1850 

74 

302 

do. 

\ 

2 

December    2,  1850 

March           3,  1851 

75 

92 

do. 

32  •[ 

1 

December    1,  1851 

August      31,   1852 

76 

275 

do. 

I 

2 

December     6,  1852 

March           3,  1853 

77 

88 

do. 

33J 

1 

December     5,  1853 

August          7,  1854 

78 

246 

do. 

I 

2 

December     4,  1854 

March           3,  1855 

79 

90 

do. 

? 

1 

December     3,  1855 

August       18,  1856 

80 

260 

do. 

34  1 

2 

August       21,  1856 

August        30,  1856 

80 

10 

do. 

i. 

3 

December     1,  1856 

March           3,  1857 

81 

93 

do. 

35/ 

1 

December     7,  1857 

June             1,  1858 

82 

177 

do. 

1 

2 

December     6,  1858 

March          3,  1859 

83 

88 

do. 

36  / 

1 

December     5,  1859 

June            18,  1860 

84 

196 

do. 

I 

2 

December     3,  1860 

March          3,  1861 

85 

93 

do. 

f 

1 

July              3,  1861 

August         6,  1861 

85 

34 

do. 

37 

2 

December    2,  1861 

July            17,  1862 

86 

228 

do. 

1 

3 

December     1,  1862 

March            3,  1863 

87 

94 

do. 

38/ 

1 

December     7,  1863 

July              2,  1864 

88 

209 

do. 

1 

2 

December     5,  1864 

March           3,  1865 

89 

90 

do. 

39  J 

1 

December     4,  1865 

July            28,  1866 

90 

237 

do. 

I 

2 

December     3,  1866 

March           3,  1867 

91 

92 

do. 

1 

March           4,  1867 

March         30,  1867 

91 

26 

do. 

2 

July              3,  1867 

July            20,  1867 

91 

18 

do. 

40- 

3 

November  21,  1867 

December     2,  1867 

91 

12 

do. 

4 

December     2,  1867 

July             27,  1868 

92 

239 

do. 

5 

December    7,  1868 

March           3,  1869 

93 

88 

do. 

1 

March          4,  1869 

April            10,  1869 

93 

38 

do.          I 

41- 

2 

December    2,  1869 

July             15,  1870 

94 

226 

do. 

3 

December     5,  1870 

March            3,  1871 

95 

90 

do. 

f 

1 

March           4,  1871 

April            20,  1871 

95 

47 

do. 

42  j 

2 

December     4,  1871 

June            10,  1872 

96 

190 

do. 

1 

3 

December     2,  1872 

March            3,  1873 

97 

91 

do. 

43  / 

1 

December,        1873 

June            23,  1874 

98 

204 

do. 

I 

2 

December,        1874 

March           3,  1875 

99 

93 

do. 

44  { 

1 

December     6,  1875 

August        17,  1876 

100 

256 

do. 

2 

December     4,  1876 

March            3,  1877 

101 

90 

do. 

f 

1 

October       15,  1877 

December     3,  1877 

102 

48 

do. 

45-^ 

2 

December     3,  1877 

June            20,  1878 

102 

200 

do. 

i 

3 

December    2,  1878 

March           3,  1879 

103 

92 

do. 

f 

1 

March         18,  1879 

July              1,  1879 

104 

104 

do. 

46-^ 

2 

December     1,  1879 

June            16,  1880 

104 

198 

do. 

( 

3 

December     6,  1880 

March           3,  1881 

105 

88 

do. 

47  / 

1 

December     5,  1881 

August         8,  1882 

106 

247 

do. 

\ 

2 

December     4,  1882 

March            3,  1883 

107 

90 

do. 

48  ( 

1 

December     3,  1883 

July              7,  1884 

108 

247 

do. 

I 

2 

December     2,  1884 

March           3,  1885 

109 

93 

do. 

49  •[ 

1 

December    7,  1885 

August          5,  1886 

110 

251 

do. 

I 

2 

December     6,  1886 

March           3,  1887 

111 

88 

do. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS   OF  THE    UNITED    STATES, 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SENATE — Ex-officio. 


CoNonzss. 

CONGRESS. 

1    to    4. 

John  Adams, 

Massachusetts. 

33  and  34. 

(Vacant.) 

5  and    6. 

Thomas  Jefferson, 

Virginia. 

35  and  36. 

John  C.  Breckenridge, 

Kentucky. 

7  and  8. 

Aaron  Burr, 

New  York. 

37  and  38. 

Hannibal  Hamlin, 

Maine. 

9   to   12. 

George  Clinton,* 

New  York. 

39. 

Andrew  Johnson,  f 

Tennessee. 

13  and  14. 

Elbridge  Gerry,* 

Massachusetts. 

40. 

(Vacant.) 

15   to  18. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 

New  York. 

41  and  42. 

Schuyler  Colfax, 

Indiana. 

19  to   22. 

John  C.  Calhoun,t 

South  Carolina. 

43. 

Henry  Wilson,* 

Massachusetts. 

23  and  24. 

Martin  Van  Buren, 

New  York, 

44. 

(Vacant.) 

25  and  26. 

Richard  M.  Johnson, 

Kentucky. 

45  and  46. 

William  A.  Wheeler, 

New  York. 

27. 

John  Tyler,} 

Virginia. 

47. 

Chester  A.  Arthur,  || 

New  York. 

29  and  30. 

George  M.  Dallas, 

Pennsylvania. 

48. 

(Vacant.) 

81. 

Millard  Fillmore,? 

New  York. 

49. 

Thomas  A.  Hendricks,* 

Indiana. 

32. 

William  R.  King,* 

Alabama. 

*  Died  in  Office. 

+  Resigned  December  28, 1832. 

i  Became  President  by  death  of  Harrison. 


2  Became  President  by  death  of  Taylor. 
1  Became  President  by  Death  of  Lincoln. 
H  Became  President  by  death  of  Oarfield. 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


PRESIDENTS  PRO 

TEM.  OF  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

CONGRKSS. 

CONGRESS. 

1st.        John  Langdou, 

New  Hampshire. 

19th.        Nathaniel  Macon,              North  Carolina. 

9  ,        f  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
\  John  Langdon, 

Virginia. 
New  Hampshire. 

f  Nathaniel  Macon, 
tn'     \  Samuel  Smith,                   Maryland. 

f  Ralph  Izard, 

South  Carolina. 

21st.        Samuel  Smith, 

,  ^      t  Henry  Tazewell, 
.  .,       f  Samuel  Livermore, 
\  William  Biugham, 
'William  Bradford, 

Virginia. 
New  Hampshire. 
Pennsylvania. 
Rhode  Island. 

00  ,        /  Littleton  W.  Tazewell,    Virginia. 
*           \  Hugh  L.  White.                 Tennessee, 
-.oj        f  George  Poindexter,           Mississippi. 
^a'      I  John  Tyler,                        Virginia. 

Jacob  Read, 

South  Carolina. 

24th.        William  R.  King,              Alabama. 

5th.    -  Theodore  Sedgwick, 

Massachusetts. 

25th.        William  R.  King, 

John  Laurance, 

New  York. 

26th.        William  R.  King, 

James  Ross, 
'Samuel  Rivermore, 

Pennsylvania. 
New  Hampshire. 

0    ,       f  Samuel  L.  Southard,        New  Jersey. 
-J7tn.     j  Willie  p.  Mangum,           North  Carolina. 

Uriah  Tracy, 

Connecticut. 

28th.        Willie  P.  Mangum, 

'  John  E.  Howard, 

Maryland. 

29th.        David  R.  Atchison,           Missouri. 

James  Hillhouse, 

Connecticut. 

30th.        David  R.  Atchison, 

7<-1       f  Abraham  Baldwin, 

Georgia. 

31st.        William  R.  King,              Alabama. 

(Stephen  R.  Bradley, 

Vermont. 

32d.         William  R.  King, 

f  John  Browne, 

Kentucky. 

33d.         David  R.  Atchison,          Missouri. 

8th.     •]  Jesse  Franklin, 

North  Carolina. 

34th.        Jesse  D.  Bright,                Indiana. 

I  Joseph  Anderson, 

Tennessee. 

35th.        Benjamin  Fitzpatrick,      Alabama. 

Q+,       f  Samuel  Smith, 
t  Samuel  Smith, 

Maryland. 

„„  ,        1  Jesse  D.  Bright,                 Indiana. 
ltn'     \  Solomon  Foot,                    Vermont. 

f  Samuel  Smith, 

" 

37th.        Solomon  Foot, 

10th.    j  Stephen  R.  Bradley, 

Vermont. 

or,,  ,       /  Solomon  Foot, 

(  John  Milledge, 

Georgia. 

\  Daniel  Clark,                    New  Hampshire. 

f  Andrew  Gregg, 

Pennsylvania. 

39th.        LaFayette  S.  Foster,         Connecticut. 

llth.    1  John  Gaillard, 

South  Carolina. 

40th.        Benjamin  F.  Wade,          Ohio. 

(.  John  Pope, 

Kentucky. 

41st.        Henry  B.  Anthony,           Rhode  Island. 

1  ->th      /  William  H.  Crawford, 

Georgia. 

42d.         Henry  B.  Anthony, 

'     \  Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

Massachusetts. 

.„  i        I  Matthew  H.  Carpenter,    Wisconsin, 

13th.        John  Gaillard, 

South  Carolina. 

X  Thomas  W.  Ferrv.            Michigan. 

14th.       John  Gaillard, 

"       ^» 

44th.        Thomas  W.  Ferry, 

1t5tv>      f  John  Gaillard, 

" 

45th.        Thomas  W.  Ferry, 

'  "'     \  James  Barbour, 

Virginia. 

46th.        Allen  G.  Thurman,           Ohio. 

16th      -f  James  Barbour, 

" 

47th.        David  Davis,                      Illinois. 

\  John  Gaillard, 

South  Carolina. 

48th.        George  F.  Edmunds,         Vermont. 

17th.        John  Gaillard. 

" 

49th.        John  Sherman,                   Ohio. 

18th.       John  Gaillard, 

ii 

SPEAKERS  OF   THE  HOUSE  OF    REPRESENTATIVES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 

CONGRESS, 

CONGRESS- 

1st.        F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Pennsylvania, 

27f|^      /  Robert  M.  T.  Hunter,           Virginia. 

2d.         Jonathan  Trumbull, 

Connecticut. 

\JohnWhite,                           Kentucky. 

3d.         F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Pennsylvania. 

28th      /  John  W.  Jones,                      Virginia. 

4th.       Jonathan  Dayton, 

New  .Jersey. 

1  George  W.  Hopkins,  pro  tern.  ,        '  ' 

ci-L      /  Jonathan  Dayton, 

" 

29th.        John  W.  Davis,                    Indiana. 

\  George  Dent,  pro  tern., 

Maryland. 

30th      /  Robert  C.  Winthrop,             Massachusetts. 

6th.       Theodore  Sedgwick, 

Massachusetts. 

\Armistead  Burt,  pro  tern.,    South  Carolina. 

7th.        Nathaniel  Macon, 
8th.        Nathaniel  Macon, 

North  Carolina. 

01  t      /  Ho  well  Cobb,                         Georgia, 
t  R.  C.  Winthrop,  pro  lem.,    Massachusetts. 

9th.        Nathaniel  Macon, 

" 

32d.         Linn  Boyd,                             Kentucky. 

10th.        Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

Massachusetts. 

33d.         Linn  Boyd,                                     " 

llth.       Joseph  B.  Varnum. 

a 

34th.        Nathaniel  P.  Banks,             Massachusetts. 

12th.        Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky. 

35th.        James  L.  Orr,                        South  Carolina. 

13th     /  Henrv  m&yi           Istses., 
\LangdonCheves,  2d      " 

South  Carolina. 

36th.        William  Pennington,            New  Jersey. 
37th.        Galusha  A.  Grow,                Pennsylvania. 

14th.       Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky. 

38th.        Schuyler  Colfax,                    Indiana. 

15th.        Henry  Clay, 

It 

39th.        Schuyler  Colfax,                          " 

Ifith     /Henry  Clay,           Istses., 
'tn>    \JohnW.  Taylor,    2d     " 

(1 

New  York. 

40th.        Schuyler  Colfax,                          " 
4]  ,       f  T.  M.  Pomeroy,  one  day. 

17th.        Philip  B.  Barbour, 

Virginia. 

\  James  G.  Elaine,                   Maine. 

18th.        Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky, 

42d.         James  G.  Elaine,                         " 

19th.       John  J.  Taylor, 

New  York. 

43d.         James  G.  Elaine,                         " 

30th.       Andrew  Stevenson, 
21st.        Andrew  Stevenson, 
22d.         Andrew  Stevenson, 

Virginia. 

tt 

n 

44th      /  Michael  C.  Kerr,      1st  ses.,  Indiana. 
\Saniuel  J.Randall,  2d    "      Pennsylvania. 
45th.        Samuel  J.  Randall,                        " 

23d       -f  Andrew  Stevenson,  1st  ses., 

" 

46th.        Samuel  J.  Randall,                         " 

\  Henry  Hubbard,  pro  tern.. 

New  Hampshire. 

47th.        J.  Warren  Keifer,                 Ohio. 

24th.       John  Bell, 
25th.        James  K.  Polk, 

Tennessee. 

48th.        John  G.  Carlisle,                   Kentucky. 
49th.        John  G.  Carlisle,                           " 

86th.        Jam.  s  K.  Polk, 

" 

TABULAK     RECORDS. 


THE  FIRST  CONGRESS. 

Sherman,  Roger.  2                Taylor,  John.  3 

SENATORS. 

Stanton,  Joseph,  Jr.            Wingate,  Paine. 

John  Adams,  Vice-President. 

Strong,  Caleb. 

Bassett,  Richard.                 Johnston,  Samuel. 
Butler,  Pierce.                      King  Rufus. 
Carroll,  Charles.                   Langdon,  John. 

1.  Elected  in   place  of  Charles  Carroll,   resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  William  S.  Johnston,  resigned. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Richard  H.  Lee,  resigned. 

Dalton,  Tristam.                  Lee,  Richard  H. 

R  El'R  ES  ENTATIVES. 

Dickenson,  Philemon.  1      Maclay,  William. 

Jonathan  Tnunbull,  Speaker. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver.                Monroe,  James.  2 
Elmer,  Jonathan.                 Morris,  Robert. 
Few,  William.                      Patterson,  William. 
Foster,  Theodore.                 Read,  George. 
Grayson,  William.               Schuyler,  Philip. 
Gunn,  James.                       Stanton,  Joseph,  Jr. 
Hawkins,  Benjamin.           Strong,  Caleb. 
Henry,  John.                        Walker,  John.  3 
Izard,  Randolph.                 Wingate,  Paine. 
Johnson  "William  S« 

Ames,  Fisher.                       Macon,  Nathaniel. 
Ashe,  John  B.                       Madison,  James. 
Baldwin,  Abraham.             Mercer,  John  F.2 
Barnwell,  Robert.                Miles,  Nathaniel. 
Benson,  Egbert.                   Milledge,  John.  3 
Boudinot,  Elias.                   Moore,  Andrew. 
Bourne,  Benjamin.              Muhlenberg,  F.  A. 
Bourne,  Shearjashub.          Murray,  William  V. 
Brown,  John.                        Orr,  Alexander  D. 

Clark,  Abraham.                  Page,  John. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Patterson,  resigned. 
2.  Elected   in   place  of  William  Grayson,   deceased. 
3.  Temporarily  appointed  in  place  of  William  Gray- 

Dayton,  Jonathan.               Parker,  Josiah. 
Findley,  William.                Pinkney,  William. 
Fitzsimmons,  Thomas.        Schoonmaker,  C.  C. 

son,  deceased. 
REPRES  ENT  ATI  VES. 

Gerry,  Elbridge.                   Sedgwick,  Theodore. 
Giles,  William  B.                Seney,  Joshua. 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg^  Speaker. 

Gilman,  Nicholas.                Sheridine,  Upton. 

Ames,  Fisher.                       Leonard,  George. 

Goodhue,  Benjamin.           Smith,  Israel. 

Ashe,  John  B.                      Livermore,  Samuel. 

Gordon,  James.                   Smith,  Jeremiah. 

Baldwin,  Abraham.             Madison,  James.  Jr. 

Grcenup,  Christopher.         Smith,  William. 

Benson,  Egbert.                   Matthews,  George. 

Gregg,  Andrew.                   Steele,  John. 

Bland,  Theodorick.              Moore,  Andrew. 

Griffin,  Samuel.                   Sterritt,  Samuel. 

Bloodworth,  Timothy.        Muhlenberg,  Peter. 

Grove,  William  B.               Sturges,  Jonathan. 

Boudinot,  Elias.                   Page,  John. 

Hartley,  Thomas.                 Sumter,  Thomas. 

Bourne,  Benjamin.              Parker,  Josiah. 

Heister,  Daniel.                   Sylvester,  Peter. 

Brown,  John.                        Partridge,  George. 

Hillhouse.  James.                Thatcher,  George. 

Burke,  Edanus.                    Schureman,  James. 

Hindman,  William.  1           Tredwell,  Thomas. 

Cadwalader,  Lambert.        Scott,  Thomas. 

Huger,  Daniel.                     Tucker,  Thomas  T. 

Carroll,  David.                     Sedgwick,  Theodore. 

Jacobs,  Israel.                      Venable,  Abraham  B. 

Clymer,  George.                   Seney,  Joshua. 

Key,  Philip.                          Vining,  John. 

Coles,  Isaac.                          Sevier,  John. 

Kitchell,  Aaron.                   Wadsworth,  Jeremiah. 

Contee,  Benjamin.               Sherman,  Roger. 

Kittera,  John  W.                Ward,  Artemus. 

Fitzsimmons,  Thomas.        Sinnickson.  Thomas. 

Lawrence,  John.                  Wayne,  Anthony. 

Floyd,  William.                   Smith,  William. 

Learned,  Amasa.                  White,  Alexander. 

Foster,  Abiel.                       Smith,  William. 

Lee,  Richard  B.                 •  Williamson,  Hugh. 

Gale,  George.                       Steele,  John. 

Leonard,  George.                 Willis,  Francis. 

Gerry.  Elbridge.                   Stone,  Michael  J. 

Livermore,  Samuel. 

Giles,  William  B.I              Sturges,  Jonathan. 
Gilman,  Nicholas.                Sumter,  Thomas. 
Goodhue,  Benjamin.            Sylvester,  Peter. 
Grout,  Jonathan.                 Thatcher.  George. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Seney,  resigned.     2. 
Elected  in  place  of  William  Pinkney,  resigned.     3. 
Elected  in  place  of  Anthony  Wayne,  whose  seat  was 
declared  vacant. 

Hartley,  Thomas.                Trumbull,  Jonathan. 

Hathorn,  John.                    Tucker,  Thomas  T. 

THE  THIRD  CONGRESS. 

Heister,  Daniel.                   Van  Renssela;r,  Jeremiah. 

SENATORS. 

Huger,  Daniel.                     Viniug,  John. 

John  Adams,  Vice-President. 

Huntington,  Benjamin.      Wadsworth,  Jeremiah. 
Jackson,  James.                   White,  Alexander. 
Lawrence,  John.                  Williamson,  Hugh. 
Lee,  Richard  Bland.            Wynkoop,  Henry. 
1.  Elected  in  place  of  Theodorick  Bland,  deceased. 

Bradford,  William.              King,  Rufus. 
Bradley,  Stephen  R.            Langdon,  John. 
Brown,  John.                        Latimer,  Henry.  1. 
Burr,  Aaron.                         Livermore,  Samuel. 
Butler,  Pierce.                      Martin,  Alexander. 

THE  SECOND  CONGRESS. 

Cabot,  George.                      Mitchell,  Stephen  N.2 

SENATORS. 

Edwards,  John.                    Monroe,  James. 

John  Adams,  Vice-  President. 
Bassett,  Richard.                  Hawkins,  Benjamin. 
Bradley,  Stephen  R.            Henry,  John. 
Brown,  John.                        Izard,  Ralph. 
Burr,  Aaron.                         Johnston,  Samuel. 
Butler,  Pierce.                      King,  Rufus. 
Cabot,  George.                      Langdon,  John. 
Carroll,  Charles.                   Lee,  Richard  H. 
Dickenson,  Philemon.         Monroe,  James. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver.                Morris,  Robert. 
Foster,  Theodore.                 Potts,  Richard. 
Frelinghuysen,  Frederick.  Robinson,  Moses. 
Gallatin,  Albert.                  Ross,  James.  3 
Gunn,  James.                       Rutherford,  John. 
Hawkins,  Benjamin.           Strong,  Caleb. 
Henry,  John.                        Taylor,  John. 
Izard,  Ralph.                        Tazewell,  Henry.  4 
Jackson,  James.                   Vining,  John. 

Edwards,  John.                    Morris,  Robert. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  George  Read,  resigned.     2. 

Ellsworth,  Oliver.                Potts,  Richard.  1 
Few,  William.                      Read,  George. 
Foster,  Theodore.                Robinson,  Moses. 

Elected  in  place  of  Roger  Sherman,  deceased.     3. 
Elected  in  place  of  Albert  Gallatin,  whose  election 
was  declared  void.     4.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Tay 

Gunn,  James.                        Rutherford,  John. 

lor,  resigned. 

XXIV 


TABULAE    RECORDS. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 

Goodhne,  Benjamin.  1          Potts,  Richard. 

Gunn,  James.                        Read,  Jacob. 

Frederick  A.  MuJilcnberg,  Speaker. 

Henry,  John.                        Robinson,  Mosea. 

Ames,  Fisher.                      Latimer,  Henry.  4 

Hillliouse,  James.  2             Ross,  James. 

Armstrong,  James.              Learned,  Amasa. 

Howard,  John  E.3              Rutherford,  John. 

Bailey,  Theodoras.              Lee,  Richard  B. 

Hunter,  John.  4                    Sedgwick,  Theodore.6 

Baldwin,  Abraham.             Locke,  Matthew. 

Jackson,  James.                   Stockton,  Richard.7 

Beatty,  John.                       Lyman,  William. 

King,  Rufus.                         Strong,  Caleb. 

'Benton,  Lemuel.                  Alacon,  Nathaniel. 

Langdon,  John.                    Tattnall,  Josiah.8 

Blount,  Thomas.                  Madison,  James. 

Latimer,  Henry.                   Tazewell,  Henry. 

Boudinot,  Elias.                   Malbone,  Frauds. 

Lawrence,  John.  5                Tichenor,  Isaac.  9 

Bourne,  Benjamin.              McDowell,  Joseph. 

Livermore,  Samuel.             Tracy,  Uriah.  10 

Bourne,  Shearjashub.          Mebane,  Alexander. 

Marshall,  Humphrey.          Trurnbull,  Jonathan. 

Cadwalader,  Lambert.        Mercer,  John  F. 

Martin,  Alexander.              Viniug,  John. 

Carnes,  Thomas  P.               Miles,  Nathaniel. 

Mason,  Stevens  T.                Walton,  George.  11 

Christie,  Gabriel.                 Montgomery,  William. 

Paine,  Elijah. 

Claiborne,  Thomas.             Moore,  Andrew. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  George  Cabot,  resigned.     2. 

Clark,  Abraham.                  Muhlenberg,  Peter. 

Elected  in  place  of  Oliver  Ellsworth,   resigned.     3. 

Cobb,  David.                        Murray,  William  Vans. 

Elected   in  place  of  Richard    Potts,    resigned.     4. 

Coffin,  Peleg,  Jr.                 Neville,  Joseph. 

Elected    in     place    of    Pierce     Butler,      resigned. 

Coit,  Joshua.                        New,  Anthony. 

5.  Elected  in  place   of   Rufus   King,    resigned,     (>. 

Coles,  Isaac.                         Nicholas  John. 
Dawson,  William  I.            Orr,  Alexander  D. 
Dayton,  Jonathan.              Page,  John. 

Elected  in  place  of  Caleb  Strong,  resigned.     7.  Elected 
in  place  of  Frederick  Frelinghuysen,    resigned.     8. 
Elected   in  place  of   James  Jackson,    resigned.     9. 

Dearborn,  Henry.                Parker,  Josiah. 

Elected    in    place     of    Moses    Kobinson,    resigned. 

Dent,  George.                       Patton,  John. 

10.    Elected  in   place  of    Jonathan     Trumbull,   re 

Dexter,  Samuel,  Jr.             Pickens,  Andrew. 
Duvall,  Gabriel.  1                Preston,  Francis. 

signed.     11.    Temporarily     appointed    in    place    of 
James  Jackson,  resigned. 

Findley,  William.               Rutherford,  Robert. 

Fitzsimmons,  Thomas.        Scott,  Thomas. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Forrest,  Uriah.                    Sedgwick,  Theodore. 
Foster,  Dwight.                   Sherburne,  John  S. 

JonatJian  Dayton,  Speaker. 

Gilbert,  Ezekiel.                  Smilie,  John. 

Ames,  Fisher.                      Groove,  William  B. 

Giles,  William  B.                Smith,  Israel. 

Bailey,  Theodorus.              Hampton,  Wade. 

Gillespie,  James.                 Smith,  Jeremiah. 

Baldwin,  Abraham.             Hancock,  George. 

Gillon,  Alexander.              Smith,  Samuel. 

Bard,  David.                         Harper,  Robert  G. 

Gil  man,  Nicholas.                Smith,  William. 

Benton,  Lemuel.                  Harrison,  Carter  B. 

Glenn,  Henry.                      Sprigg,  Thomas. 

Blount,  Thomas.                  Hartley,  Thomas. 

Goodhue,  Benjamin.            Swift,  Zephaniah. 

Bowne,  Benjamin.               Ha  thorn,  John. 

Gordon,  James.                    Talbot,  Silas. 

Bradbury,  Theophilus.        Havens,  Jonathan  A. 

Greenup,  Christopher.         Thatcher,  George. 

Brent,  Richard.                     Heath,  John. 

Gregg,  Andrew.                   Tracy,  Uriah. 

Bryan,  Nathan.                     Heister,  Daniel. 

Griffin,  Samuel.                   Tredwell,  Thomas. 

Buck,  Daniel.                       Henderson,  Thomas. 

Grove,  William  B.               Trumbull,  Jonathan. 

Bnrgess,  Dempsey.               Hillhouse,  James. 

Hancock,  George.                Van  Allen,  John  E. 

Cabell,  Samuel  J.                Hindman,  William. 

Harper,  Robert  G.2             Van  Cortlandt,  Philip. 

Christie,  Gabriel.                  Holland,  James. 

Harrison,  Carter  B.             Van  Gaasbeck,  Peter. 

Claiborne,  Thomas.               Jackson,  Andrew. 

Hartley,  Thomas.                Venable,  Abraham. 

Clop  ton,  John.                      Jackson,  George. 

Heath,  John.                        Wadsworth,  Jeremiah. 

Coit,  Joshua.                         Kitchell,  Aaron. 

Heister,  Daniel.                   Wadsworth,  Peleg. 

Coles,  Isaac.                         Kittera,  JohnW. 

Hillhouse,  James.                Walker,  Francis. 

Cooper,  William.                 Leonard,  George. 

Hindman,  William.             Ward,  Artemus. 

Crabb,  Jeremiah.                Livingstone,  Edward. 

Holten,  Samuel.                   Watts,  John. 

Draik,  William.l                 Locke,  Matthew. 

Hunter,  John.                      Williams,  Benjamin. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.2              Lyman,  Samuel. 

Irvine,  William.                  Wingate,  Paine. 

Davenport,  James.  3            Lyman,  William. 

Kitchel,  Aaron.  3                  Winston,  Joseph. 

Dearborn,  Henry.                 Maclay,  James. 

Kittera,  John  W.                 Wynn,  Richard. 

Dent,  George.                        Macon,  Nathaniel. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  F.  Mercer,  resigned. 

Duvall,  Gabriel.                   Madison,  James. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Gillon,  deceased. 

Earle,  Samuel.                      Malbone,  Francis. 

3.  Elected   in  place  of   Abraham    Clark,    deceased. 

Ege,  George.  4                       Milledge,  John. 

4.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  John  Patton. 
Territorial  Delegate. 

Fendley,  William.               Moore,  Andrew. 
Foster,  Abiel.                        Morris,  'James. 
Foster,  Dwight.                    Muhlenberg,  F.  A. 

White,  James. 

Franklin,  Jesse.                   Murray,  William  V. 

Freeman,  Nathaniel,  Jr.     New,  Anthony. 

THE  FOURTH  CONGRESS. 

Gallatin,  Albert.                  Nicholas,  John. 

Gilbert,  Ezekiel.                   Orr,  Alexander  D. 

SEN  A  TOES. 

>iles,  William  B.                 Page,  John. 

John  Adams,   Vice-  1*  resident. 

jrillespie,  James.                  Parker,  Josiah. 

Gilman,  Nicholas.                 Patton,  John. 

Bingham,  William.             Butler,  Pierce. 

Glen,  Henry.                        Potter,  Elisha  R.5 

Blood  worth,  Timothy.         Cabot,  George. 

jroodhue,  Benjamin.           Preston,  Francis. 

Blount,  William.                 Coeke,  William. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey.            Reed,  John. 

Bradford,  William.              Ellsworth,  Oliver. 

Sreenup,  Christopher.         Richards,  John.  6 

Brown,  John.                        Foster,  Theodore. 

>regg,  Andrew.                    Rutherford,  Robert. 

Burr,  Aaron.                        Frelinghuysen  ,  Frederick. 

Griswold,  Roger.                  Sedgwick,  Theodore. 

TABULAR    RECORDS. 


Sherburne,  John  T. 
Sitgreaves,  Samuel. 
Skinner,  Thomas  J.7 
Smith,  Isaac. 
Smith,  Israel. 
Smith,  Jeremiah. 
Smith,  Nathaniel. 
Smith,  Samuel. 
Smith,  William. 
Sprigg,  Richard,  Jr.  8 
Sprigg,  Thomas. 
Strudwick,  William.  9 
Swan  wick,  John. 


Swift,  Zephaniah. 
Tatom,  Absalom. 
Thatcher,  George. 
Thomas,  Richard. 
Thompson,  Mark. 
Tracy,  Uriah. 
Van  Allen,  John  E. 
Van  Cortlandt,   Philip. 
Varnum,  Joseph  B. 
Venable,  Abraham. 
Wads  worth,  Peleg. 
Williams,  John. 
Wynn,  Richard. 


1.  Elected  in  place  of  Jeremiah  Crabb,  resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  Uriah  Tracy,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Hillhouse,  resigned.  4. 
Elected  in  place  of  Daniel  Heister,  resigned.  5. 
Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  Bourne,  resigned.  6. 
Successfully  contested  the  election  of  James  Morris. 

7.  Elected  in  place  of  Theodore  Sedgwick,  resigned. 

8.  Elected  in  place  of  Gabriel  Duvall,  resigned.     9. 
Elected  in  place  of  Absalom  Tatom,  resigned. 

THE   FIFTH   CONGRESS. 

SENATOES. 
Thomas  Jefferson,  Vice-President. 


Anderson,  Joseph.  1 
Bingham,  William. 
Bloodworthy,  Timothy. 
Blount,  William. 
Bradford,  William. 
Brown,  John. 
Chipman,  Nathaniel.  2 
Clayton,  Joshua. 3 
Cocke,  William. 
Davenport,  Franklin. 4 
Foster,  Theodore. 
Goodhue,  Benjamin. 
Greene,  Ray.  5 
Gunn,  James. 
Henry,  John. 
Hillhouse,  James. 
Hobart,  John  S.6 
Howard,  John  E. 
Hunter,  John. 
Jackson,  Andrew. 
Langdon,  John. 
Latimer,  Henry. 


Livermore,  Samuel. 
Lloyd,  James.  7 
Marshall,  Humphrey. 
Martin,  Alexander. 
Mason,  Stevens  T. 
North,  William,  8 
Paine,  Elijah. 
Pinckney,  Charles.9 
Read,  Jacob. 
Ross,  James, 
Rutherford,  John. 
Schuyler,  Philip. 
Sedgwick,  Theodore. 
Smith,  Daniel.  10 
Stockton,  Richard. 
Tattnall,  Josiah. 
Tazewell,  Henry. 
Tichenor,  Isaac. 
Tracy,  Uriah. 
Vining,  John. 
Watson,  James.  11 
Wells,  William  H.I 2 


Lawrence,  John. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Blount,  expelled. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  Isaac  Tichenor,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  Vining,  resigned.  4. 
Appointed  in  place  of  John  Rutherford,  resigned.  5. 
Elected  in  place  of  William  Bradford,  resigned.  6. 
Elected  in  place  of  Philip  Schuyler,  resigned. 
7.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Henry,  resigned.  8. 
Appointed  in  place  of  John  S.  Hobart,  resigned. 
9.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Hunter,  resigned.  10. 
Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Jackson,  resigned.  11. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  S.  Hobart,  resigned.  12. 
Elected  in  place  of  Joshua  Clayton,  deceased. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 


Allen,  John. 
Baer,  George  W. 
Baldwin,  Abraham. 
Bard,  David. 
Bartlett,  Bailey.  1 
Bayard,  John  A. 
Benton,  Lemuel. 
Blount,  Thomas. 
Brace,  Jonathan.  2 


Jonathan  Dayton,  Speaker. 

Bradbury,  Theophilus. 
Brent,  Richard. 
Brooks,  David. 
Brown,  Robert.  3 
Bryan,  Nathan. 
Bullock,  Stephen. 
Burgess,  Dempsey. 
Cabell,  Samuel  J. 
Champlin,   Christopher  G. 


Chapman,  John. 
Claiborne,  Thomas. 
Claiborne,  William  C.  C. 
Clay,  Matthew. 
Clop  ton,  John. 
Cochran,  James. 
Coit,  Joshua. 
Craik,  William. 
Dana,  Samuel  W. 
Davenport,  James. 
Davis,  Thomas  T. 
Dawson,  John. 
Dennis,  John. 
Dent,  George. 
Edmond,  William.  4 
Ege,  George. 
Eggleston,  Joseph.  5 
Elmendorph,  Lucas. 
Evans,  Thomas. 
Findley,  William. 
Foster,  Abiel. 
Foster,  Dwight. 
Fowler,  John. 
Freeman,  Jonathan. 
Freeman,  Nathaniel,  Jr. 
Gallatin,  Albert. 
Giles,  William  B. 
Gillespie,  James. 
Glen,  Henry. 
Goodrich,  Chauncey. 
Gordon,  William. 
Gregg,  Andrew. 
Griswold,  Roger. 
Grove,  William  B. 
Hanna,  John  A. 
Harper,  Robert  G. 
Harrison,  Carter  B. 
Hartley,  Thomas. 
Havens,  Jonathan  N. 
Heister,  Joseph.  6 
Hindman,  William. 
Holmes,  David. 
Hosmer,  Hezekiah  L. 
Imlay,  James  H. 
Jones,  Walter. 
Kittera,  John  W. 
Livingstone,  Edward. 
Locke,  Matthew. 


Lyon,  Matthew. 
Machir,  James. 
Macon,  Nathaniel. 
Matthews,  William. 
M'Clenachan,  Blair. 
McDonald,  Joseph. 
Milledge,  John. 
Morgan,  Daniel. 
Morris,  Lewis  R. 
New,  Anthony. 
Nicholas,  John. 
Otis,  Harrison  G. 
Parker,  Isaac. 
Parker,  Josiah. 
Pinckney,  Thomas.  7 
Potter,  Elisha  R. 
Reed,  John. 
Rutledge,  John,  Jr. 
Schureman,  James. 
Sewall,  Samuel. 
Shepard,  William. 
Sinnickson,  Thomas. 
Sitgreaves,  Samuel. 
Skinner,  Thomas  J. 
Smith,  Jeremiah, 
Smith,  Nathaniel. 
Smith,  Samuel. 
Smith,  William. 
Smith,  William. 
Spaight,  Richard  D.8 
Spragne,  Pel  eg.  9 
Sprigg,  Richard,  Jr. 
Stanford,  Richard. 
Sumter,  Thomas. 
Swanwick,  John. 
Thatcher,  George. 
Thomas,  Richard. 
Thompson,  Mark. 
Tillinghast,  Thomas.  10 
Trigg,  Abram. 
Trigg,  John. 
Van  Allen,  John  E. 
Van  Cortlandt,  Philip. 
Varnum,  Joseph  B. 
Venable,  Abraham. 
Wadsworth,  Peleg. 
Wain,  Robert.  11 
Williams,  John. 
Williams,  Robert. 


Lyman,  Samuel. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Theophilus,  Bradbury,  re 
signed.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  Joshua  Coit,  deceased. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Sitgreaves,  resigned.  4. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Davenport,  deceased. 
5.  Elected  in  place  of  William  B.  Giles,  resigned,  (i. 
Elected  in  place  of  George  Ege,  resigned.  7.  Elected 
in  place  of  William  Smith,  resigned.  8.  Elected  in 
place  of  Nathan  Bryan,  deceased.  9.  Elected  in 
place  of  Jeremiah  Smith,  resigned.  10.  Elected 
in  place  of  Elisha  R.  Potter,  resigned.  11.  Elected  in 
place  of  John  Swanwick,  resigned. 

THE  SIXTH  CONGRESS. 

SENATOBS. 
Thomas  Jefferson,  Vice-President. 


Anderson,  Joseph.  1 
Armstrong,  John.  2 
Baldwin,  Abraham. 
Bingham,  William. 
Blood  worth,  Timothy. 
Brown,  John. 
Chipman,  Nathaniel. 
Cocke,  William. 
Dayton,  Jonathan. 


Dexter,  Samuel. 
Foster,  Dwight.  3 
Foster,  Theodore. 
Franklin,  Jesse. 
Goodhue,  Benjamin 
Green,  Ray. 
Gunn,  James. 
Hillhouse,  James. 
Hindman,  William.  4 


XX  VI 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Howard,  John  E. 
Langdon,  Johu. 
Latimer,  Henry. 
Lawrence,  John. 
Livermore,  Samuel. 
Lloyd,  James. 
Marshall,  Humphrey. 
Mason,  Jonathan. 5 
Mason,  Stephen  T. 
MWris,  Gouverneur.6 


Nicholas,  William  C.7 
Ogden,  Aaron. 8 
Paine,  Elijah. 
Pinckney,  Charles. 
Read,  Jacob. 
Ross,  James. 
Schureman,  James. 
Tracy,  Uriah. 
Watson,  James. 
Wells,  William  H. 


1.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Jackson,  resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Lawrence,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Dexter,  resigned.  4. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Lloyd,  resigned.  5.  Elected 
in  place  of  Benjamin  Goodhue,  resigned.  6.  Elected 
in  place  of  James  Watson,  resigned.  7.  Elected  in 
place  of  Henry  Tazewell,  deceased.  8.  Elected  in 
place  of  James  Schureman,  resigned. 

REPBESENTATIVES. 
Theodore  Sedgeicick,  Speaker. 


Alston,  Willis,  Jr. 
Baer,  George. 
Bailey,  Theodoras. 
Bartlett,  Bailey. 
Bayard,  James  A. 
Bird,  John, 
Bishop,  Phanuel. 
Brace,  Jonathan. 
Brown,  John 
Brown,  Robert. 
Cabell,  Samuel  J. 
Champlin,  Christopher. 
Christie,  Gabriel. 
Claiborne,  William  C.  C. 
Clay,  Mathew. 
Condit,  John. 
Cooper,  William. 
Clark,  William. 
Dana,  Samuel  W. 
Davenport,  Franklin. 
Davenport,  John. 
Dav  s,  Thomas  F. 
Daw  son.  John. 
Dem  is,  John. 
Dent,  George. 
Dixon,  Joseph. 
Edmond,  William. 
Eggleston,  Joseph. 
Elmendorf,  Lucas. 
Evans,  Thomas. 
Foster,  Abiel. 
Foster,  Dwight. 
Fowler,  Johu. 
Freeman,  Jonathan. 
Gallatin,  Albert. 
Glenn,  Henry. 
Goode,  Samuel. 
Goodrich,  Chauncey. 
Goodrich,  Elizur. 
Gordon,  William. 
Gray,  Edwin. 
Gregg,  Andrew. 
Griswold,  Roger. 
Grove,  William  B. 
Hanna,  John  A. 
Harper,  Robert  G. 
Hartley,  Thomas. 
Heister,  Joseph. 
Henderson,  Archibald. 
Hill,  William  H. 
Holmes,  David. 
Huger,  Benjamin. 
Imlay,  James  H. 


Jackson,  George. 

Jones,  James. 

Kitchell,  Aaron. 

Kittera,  John  N. 

Lee,  Henry. 

Lee,  Silas, 

Leib,  Mitchell. 

Lincoln,  Levi.l 

Livingston,  Edward, 

Lyman,  Samuel. 

Lynn,  James. 

Lyon,  Mathew. 

Macon  Nathaniel. 

Marshall,  John. 

Mattoon,  Ebenezer.2 

Morris,  Lewis  R. 

Muhlenbcrg,  Peter. 

New,  Anthony. 

Nicholas,  John. 

Nicholson,  Joseph  H. 

Nott,  Abraham. 

Otis,  Harrison,  G. 

Page,  Robert. 

Parker,  Isaiah. 
Pinckney,  Thomas. 

Platt,  Jones. 

Powell,  Levin. 
Randolph,  John. 
Reed,  Nathan. 3 
Reed,  John. 
Rutledge,  John,  Jr. 
Sewell,  Samuel. 
Sheaf,  James. 
Shepard,  William. 
Smiley,  John. 
Smith,  John. 
Smith  John  C. 4 
Smith,  Samuel. 
Spraight,  Richard  D. 
Stanford,  Richard. 
Stewart,  John. 5 
Stone,  David. 
Sumter,  Thomas. 
Talliaferro,  Benjamin. 
Tazewell,  Littleton,  \V.(j 
Tenney,  Samuel. 7 
Thatcher,  George. 
Thomas,  John. 
Thomas,  Richard. 
Thompson,  John. 
Trigg,  Abraham. 
Trigg,  John. 
Van  Cortland,  Philip. 


Varnum,  Joseph  B.  Williams,  Lemuel. 

Wadsworth,  Peleg.  Williams,  Robert. 

j  Wain,  Robert.  Woods,  Henry. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Dwight  Foster,  elected  Sena 
tor.  2.  Elected  m  place  of  Samuel  Lyman,  resigned. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Sewell,  resigned.  4. 
Elected  in  place  of  Jonathan  Brace,  resign  en.  5. 
Elected  in  piace  of  Thomas  Hartley,  deceased.  6'. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  Marshall,  resigned.  7. 
Elected  in  place  of  William  Gordon,  resigned. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Harrison,  Wm.  H.  McMiller,  William.  1 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  AVilliam  H.  Harrison,  re- 
signed. 

THE  SEVENTH  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 
Aaron  Burr,  Vice-President. 


Anderson,   Joseph. 
Armstrong,  John. 
Baldwin,  Abraham. 
Bradley,  Stephen  R.I 
Breckenridge,  John. 
Brown,  John. 
Calhoun,  John  E. 
Chipman,  Nathaniel. 
Clinton,  DeWitt.2 
Cocke,  William. 
Dayton,  Jonathan. 
Ellery,  Christopher.  3 
Foster,  Dwight. 
Foster,  Theodore. 
Franklin,  Jesse. 
Green,  Ray. 
Hillhouse,  James. 
Hindmau,  William. 
Howard,  John  E. 


Jackson,  James 
Logan,  George  H.  4 
Mason.  Jonathan. 
Mason,  Stephen  F. 
Morris,  Gouverneur. 
Muhlenberg,  Peter. 
Nicholas,  William  C. 
Ogden,  Aaron. 
Olcott,  Simeon.  5 
Pinckney,  Charles. 
Plummer,  William.  6 
Ross,  James. 
Sheafe,  James. 
Stone,  David. 
Sumter,  Thomas. 7 
Tracy,  Uriah. 
Wells,  William. 
White,  Samuel . 


Wright,  Robert. 
1.  Elected  in  place  of  Elijah  Paine,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  Armstrong,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  Ray  Green,  resigned.  4.  Elected 
in  place  of  Peter  Muhlenberg,  resigned.  5.  Elected 
in  place  of  Samuel  Livermore,  resigned.  6.  Elected 
in  place  of  Joseph  Sheafer,  resigned.  7.  Elected  in 
place  of  Charles  Pinckney,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 
Nathaniel  Macon,  Speaker. 


Alston,  Willis. 
Archer,  John. 
Bacon,  John. 
Bailey,  Theodorus. 
Bayard,  James  A. 
Bishop,  Phanuel. 
Bond,  Thomas. 
Bowie,  Walter. 
Brent,  Richard. 
Brown,  Robert. 
Butler,  William. 
Cabell,  Samuel  J. 
Campbell,  John. 
Claiborne,  Thomas. 
Clay,  Mathew: 
Clogston,  John. 
Condit,  John. 
Cutler,  Manassah. 
Cutts,  Richard. 
Dana,  Samuel  W. 
Davenport,  John. 
Davis,  Thomas  F. 
Dawson,  John. 
Dennis,  John. 


Dickson,  William. 
Early,  Peter.  1 
Elmendorf,  Lucas. 
Elmer,  Ebenezer. 
Eustis,  William. 
Foster,  Abiel. 
Fowler,  John. 
Giles,  William  B. 
Goddard,  Calvin. 
Gray,  Edwin. 
Gregg,  Andrew. 
Griswold,  Royer. 
Grove,  William  B. 
Hanna,  John  A. 
Hastings,  Seth. 
Heister,  Daniel. 
Heister,  Joseph. 
Helms,  William. 
Hemphill,  Joseph. 
Henderson,  Archibald. 
Hill,  William  H. 
Hoge,  William. 
Holland,  James. 
Holmes,  David. 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


Huger,  Benjamin.                Smith,  Samuel. 

tested  the  election  of  Thomas  Lewis;  appointed  Sen 

Hunt,  Samuel.2                   Southard.  Henry. 

ator  in  place  of  Wilson  C.   Nicholas,   resigned.     9. 

Jackson,  George.                 Spriggs,  Richard. 

Elected  in   place  of  Dwight  Foster,  resigned.      10. 

Johnson,  Charles.                 Stanford,  Richard. 

Elected  in  place  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  resigned.     11. 

Jones,  William.                   Stanley,  John. 

Appointed  in  place  of  Stevens  T.  Mason,  deceased. 

Lee,  Silas.                             Stanton,  Joseph,  Jr. 

12.  Elected  in  place  of  Stevens  T.  Mason,  deceased. 

Leib,  Mitchell.                    Stewart,  John. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Lowndes,  Thomas.               Stratton,  John. 

Mattoon,  Ebenezer.             Sumter,  Thouias.4 

Nathaniel  Mncon,  Speaker. 

Merriwether  David.  3          Talliaferro,  Benjamin. 
Milledge,  John.                   Talliaferro,  John,  Jr. 
Mitchell,  Samuel  L.             Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 
Moore,  Thomas.                   Tenny,  Samuel. 
Morris,  Lewis  R.                  Thatcher,  Samuel.  5 
Morris,  Thomas.                  Thompson,  David. 
Mott,  James.                        Thompson,  Philip  R. 
New,  Anthony.                    Tillinghast,  Thomas, 

Alexander,  Nathaniel.        Hough,  Daiyd. 
Alston,  William,  Jr.            Huger,  Benjamin. 
Andrew,  Isaac.                     Hunt,  Samuel. 
Archer,  John.                       Jackson,  John  G. 
Baldwin,  Simeon.                Jones,  Walter. 
Bard,  David.                         Kennedy,  William. 
Bedington,  George  M.         Knight,  Nehemiah. 
Betton,  Silas.                        Lamed,  Simon.  4 

Newton,  Thomas,  Jr.          Trigg,  Abram. 
Nicholsen,  Joseph  H.          Trigg,  John. 
Perkins,  Elias.                      Upham,  George. 
Pierce,  Joseph.                     Van  Cortland,  Philip. 
Plater,  Thomas.                   Van  Home,  Isaac. 
Randolph,  John.                  Van  New,  John  P. 
Reed,  Nathan.                      Van  Reusselaer,  Killian  K. 
Rutledge,  John.                   Varnurn,  Joseph  B. 
Shepard,  William.               Wadsworth,  Peleg. 
Smilie,  John.                        Walker,  Benjamin. 
Smith,   Israel,                      Williams,  Lemuel. 
Smith,  John.                        Williams,  Robert. 
Smith,  John.                        Winn,  Richard.6 

Bishop,  j'hanuel.                  Leib,  Mitchell. 
Blackledge,  William.          Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. 
Bowie,  \V  alter.                     Lewis,  Thomas. 
Boyle,  John.                         Livingston,  Henry  W. 
Boyd,  Adam.                         Loundes.  Thomas. 
Brown.  Robert.                     Lucas,  John  B.  C. 
Bryan,  James.                      Lyon,  Mathew. 
Butler,  William.                  McCord,  Andrew. 
Campbell,  George  W.          McCreery,  William. 
Campbell,  John.                   Merriwether,  David. 
Casey,  Levi.                          Mitchell,  Nahuui. 
Chamberlain,  William.       Mitchell,  Samuel  L. 
Chittenden,  Martin.            Moore,  Andrew.  5 

Smith.  John  C.                    Woods,  Henry. 
Smith,  Jacob.                        Wyiin,  Thomas.7 

Claiborne.  Thomas.              Moore,  Nicholas  R. 
Clark,  Cl..  ..-topher.l            Moore,  Thomas. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Milledge,  resigned.     2. 

Clay,  Matthew.                     Morrow,  Jeremiah. 

Elected  in   place   of  Joseph   Pierce,    resigned.      3. 

Clay,  Joseph.                        Mott,  James. 

Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  Taliaferro,   resigned. 

Clagget,  Clifton.                   Nelson,  Roger.  G. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Charles  Pinckney,   resigned. 

Clinton,  George,  Jr.2          New,  Anthony. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  Silas  Lee,  resigned.    6.  Elected 

Clopton,  John.                      Newton,  Thomas. 

in  place  of  Thomas  Sumter,  resigned.     7.  Elected  in 

Conrad,  Frederick.              Nicholson,  Joseph  H. 

place  of  Charles  Johnson,  deceased. 

Crowninshield  ,  Jacob.         Olin,  Gideon. 

THE  EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 

Cutts,  Richard.                     Palmer,  Beriah. 
Cutler,  Manassah.                Patterson,  John. 

SENATORS. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.                Phelps,  Oliver. 

Aaron  Burr,  Vice-  President. 

Davenport,  John.                 Plater,  Thomas. 

Davvson,  John.                      Purviance,  Samuel  D. 

Adams,  John  Quincy.         Maclay,  Samuel  L. 

Dennis,  John.                       Randolph,  John,  Jr. 

Anderson,  Joseph.               Mitchell,  Samuel  L.7 

Dickson,  William.               Randolph,  Thomas  M. 

Armstrong,  John.l              Moore,  Andrew.8 

Dwight,  Thomas.                 Rea,  John. 

Bailey,  Theodorus.              Nicholas,  William  0. 

Early,  John  B.                     Rhea,  John. 

Baldwin,  Abraham.             Olcott,  Simeon. 

Early,  Peter.                         Richards,  Jacob. 

Bayard,  James  A.2             Pickering,  Timothy.  9 

Elliott,  James.                     Ricker,  Samuel.  7 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.            Plummer,  William. 

Elmer,  Ebenezer.                  Rodney,  Caesar. 

Breckenridge,  John.            Potter,  Samuel. 

Epps,  John  W.                     Root,  Erasmus. 

Brown,  John.                        Smith,  Israel. 

Eustis,  William.                  Sammons,  Thomas. 

Butler,  Pierce.  3                    Smith,  John.  10 

Findlay,  William.                Sanford.  Thomas. 

Clinton,  De  Witt.                Smith,  John. 

Fowler,  John.                       Sands,  Joshua. 

Cocke,  William.                   Smith,  Samuel. 

Gillespie,  James.                 Seaver,  Ebenezer. 

Condit,  John.                        Stone,  David. 

Goddard,  Calvin.                 Skinner,  Thompson,  Jr. 

Dayton,  Jonathan.               Sumter,  Thomas. 

Goodwin,  Peterson.             Sloane,  James. 

Ellery,  Christopher.             Taylor,  John.  11 

Gray,  Edwin.                       Smilie,  John. 

Franklin,  Jesse.                   Tracy,  Uriah. 

Gregg,  Andrew.                   Smith,  John. 

Gaillard,  John.  4                   Venable,  Abraham  B.12 

Griffin,  Thomas.                   Smith,  John. 

Giles,  William  B.5              Wells,  William. 

Griswold,  Gaylord.              Smith,  John  C. 

Hillhouse,  James.                White,  Samuel. 

Griswold,  Roger.                  Southard,  Henry. 

Rowland,  Benjamin.  6        Wright,  Robert. 

Hammond,  Samuel.             Stanford,  Richard. 

Jackson,  James.                   Worthington,  Thomas. 

Hampton,  Wade.                 Stanton,  Joseph. 

Logan,  George. 

Hanna,  John  A.                   Steadman,  WTilliam. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  resigned; 

Hasbrouck,  Josiah.              Stephenson,  John. 

Elected    in    place  of   Theodorus    Bailey,   resigned. 

Hastings,  Seth.                     Stewart,  John. 

•2.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  H.  Wells,  resigned.     3.  Elect 

Heister,  Daniel.                   Taggart,  Samuel. 

ed  in  place  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  deceased.     4.  Elected 

Heister,  Joseph.                   Tallmadge,  Benjamin- 

in  place  of  Pierce  Butler,  resigned.      5.  Elected  in 

Helms,  William.                  Teuny,  Samu«L 

place  of  Wilson  C.  Nicholas,  resigned;  appointed  in 

Hoge,  John.  3                        Thatcher,  Samuel. 

place  of  Abraham  B.  Venable,  resigned.     6.  Elected 

Hoge,  William.                    Thomas,  David. 

in  place  of  S.  J.  Potter,  deceased.    7.  Elected  in  place 

Holland,  James.                   Thompson,  Philip  R. 

of  John  Armstrong,  resigned.      8.  Successfully  con 

Holmes,  David.                    Tibbitts,  George. 

xxviii 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Trigg  Abram.                      Walton,  Matthew. 

Ely,  William.                       Quincy,  Josiah. 

Triggj  John.  8                       Whitehall,  John. 

Epps,  John  W.                     Randolph,  John. 

Van  Cortland,  Philip.         Williams,  Lemuel. 

Findley,  William.               Randolph,  Thomas  M. 

Van  Home,  Isaac.                Williams.  Marmaduke. 

Fisk,  James.                       Rhea,  John. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Killian  K.Wilson,  Alexander. 

Fowler,  John.                       Rhea,  John. 

Varnum,  Joseph  B.             Winn,  Richard. 

Garrett,  James  M.               Richards,  Jacob. 

Verplank,  Daniel  C.            Winston,  Joseph. 

Goldborough,  Charles.         Russell,  John. 

,Wadsworth,  Peleg.              Wynn,  Thomas. 

Goodwyn,  Peterson.             Sailly,  Peter. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Trigg,  deceased.     2. 
Elected  in  place  of  S.  L.  Mitchell,  elected  Senator. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Hoge,  resigned.     4. 
Elected  in  place  of  T.  J.  Skinner,  resigned.     5.  Suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  of  Thomas  Lewis.     6. 
Elected  in  place  of  Daniel  Heister,  deceased.     7. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  Smith,  elected  Senator. 
8.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Moore,  elected  Senator. 

Gray,  Edwin.                       Sammons,  Thomas. 
Greer,  Isaiah  L.                   Sanford,  Thomas. 
Gregg,  Andrew.                   Shureman,  Martin  G. 
Haley,  Silas.                        Seaver,  Ebenezer. 
Hamilton,  John.                  Sloan,  James. 
Hastings,  Seth.                     Smelt,  Dennis.7 
Helms,  Williams.                 Smilis,  John. 
Holland,  James.                   Smith,  John. 
Holmes,  David.                    Smith,  John  C. 

Territorial  Delegate. 

Hough,  David.                     Smith,  O'  Brian. 

Lattimer,  William. 

Jackson,  John  G.                 Smith,  Samuel. 
Jones,  Walter.                     Southard,  Henry. 

THE  NINTH   CONGRESS. 

Keenan,  Thomas.                 Stanford,  Richard. 

SENATORS. 

Kelly,  James.                       Stanton,  Joseph. 

George  Clinton,  Vice-  President. 

Knight,  Nehemiah.             Spalding,  Thomas.8 
Lambert,  John.                     Stedman,  William. 

Adair,  John.l                       Mitchell,  Samuel  L. 

Leib,  Michael.                      Sturgis,  Lewis  B. 

Adams,  John  Qnincy.         Moore,  Andrew. 

Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr.               Taggart,  Samuel. 

Anderson,  Joseph.               Pickering,  Timothy. 

Livingston,  Henry  W.         Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 

Baldwin,  Abraham,             Plummer,  William. 

Lloyd,  Edward.  5                 Terry,  Samuel. 

Bayard,  James  A.                Reed,  Philip.  4 

Lyon,  Mathew.                     Thomas,  David. 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.            Smith,  David. 

Magruder,  Patrick.              Thompson,  Philip  R. 

Clay,  Henry.  2                     Smith,  Israel. 

Marion,  Robert.                    Thompson,  Thomas  W. 

Condit,  John.                       Smith,  John. 

Masters,  Josiah.                   Tracey,  Uriah. 

Fennis,  James.                    Smith,  John. 

McCreery,  William.             Trigg,  Abram. 

Gaillard,  John.                    Smith,  Samuel. 

McFarland,  Duncan.           Van  Cortland,  Philip. 

Giles,  William  B.                Stone,  David. 

Mead,  Cowles.                       Van  Rensselaer,  Killian  K 

Gilman,  Nicholas.               Sumter,  Thomas. 

Mem  wether,  David.            Varnum,  Joseph  B. 

Hillhouse,  James.               Thruston,  Buckner. 

Moore,  Nicholas  R.              Verplank,  Daniel  C. 

Howland,  Benjamin.          Tracey,  Uriah. 

Moore,  Thomas.                    Wadsworth,  Peleg 

Jackson,  James.                   Turner,  James. 

Morrow,  Jeremiah.              Walton,  Matthew. 

Kitchell,  Aaron.                  White,  Samuel. 

Morrow,  John.                     Whitehall,  John. 

Logan,  George.                     Worthington,  Thomas. 

Mosely,  Jonathan  A.           Whitehill,  Robert. 

Maclay,  Samuel.                  Wright,  Robert. 

Mumford,  Gordon  S.           Wickes,  Eliphalet. 

Milledge,  John.  3 

Nelson,  Jeremiah.                Williams,  David  R. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Breckenridge,  resigned. 
2.   Elected  in  place  of  John  Adair,   resigned.      3. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Jackson,   resigned.     4. 
Elected  in  place  of  Robert  Wright,  resigned. 

Nelson,  Roger.                      Williams,  Marmaduke. 
Newton,  Thomas  Jr.           Williams,  Nathan. 
Nicholson,  Joseph  H.          Wilson,  Alexander. 
Olin,  Gideon.                        Winn,  Richard. 
Pitkin,  Timothy.                 Winston,  Josiah. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Porter,  John.  6                     Wynn,  Thomas. 

Pugh,  John. 

Nathaniel  Macon,  Speaker. 

Alexander,  Evan.l              Chandler,  John. 
Alston,  Willis,  Jr.              Chittenden,  Martin. 
Anderson,  Isaac.                 Claiborne,  John. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Nathaniel  Alexander,  electee 
Governor.    2.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  Spaulding 
resigned.     3.  Elected  in  place  of  Christopher  Clark 
resigned.     4.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  C.  Smith,  re 

Archer,  John.                      Clark,  Christopher. 

signed.     5.    Elected  in    place   of  J.  H.   Nicholson 

Barker,  Joseph.                   Clay,  Joseph. 

resigned.     6.    Elected    in   place    of    Michael   Leib 

Bard,  David.                       Clay,  Mather. 
Bassett,  Burwell.                Clinton,  George,  Jr. 
Bedinger,  George  W.          Clopton,  John. 

resigned.     7.  Elected  in  the  place  of  Joseph  Bryan 
resigned.  8.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  Cowlei 
Mead. 

Betton,  Silas.                        Conrad,  Frederick. 

Bibb,  William  W.2             Cook,  Orchard. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bid  well,  Barnabus.             Covington,  Leonard. 
Bishop,  Phanuel.                 Crowninshield,  Jacob. 
Blackledge,  William.          Cutts,  Richard. 

(  'lark,  Daniel.                      Parke,  Benjamin. 
Lattimore,  William. 

Blake,  John,  Jr.                  Dana,  Samuel  W. 
Blount,  Thomas-                  Darby,  Ezra. 

THE  TENTH  CONGRESS. 

Boyle,  John.                        Davenport,  John,  Jr. 

SENATORS. 

Broom,  James  M.               Dawson,  John. 
Brown,  Robert.                    Dickson,  William. 

George  Clinton,  Vice-President. 

Bryan,  Joseph.                    Dwight,  Theodore.4 

Adams,  John  Quincy.        Franklin,  Jesse. 

Burwell,  William  A.3        Earle,  Elias. 

Anderson,  John.                   Gaillard,  John, 

Butler,  William.                  Early,  Peter. 

Bayard,  Joseph  A.               Giles,  William  B. 

Campbell,  George  W.          Elliott,  James. 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.             Gilman,  Nicholas. 

Campbell,  John.                  Ellis,  Caleb. 

Condit,  John.                        Goodrich,  Chaunoey.2 

Casey,  Levi.                         Elmer,  Ebene/.er. 

Crawford,  William  H.I       Gregg,  Andrew. 

TABULAR    RECORDS. 


Hillhonse,  James.                Pickering,  Timothy. 

Quincy,  Josiah.                    Sturges,  Lewis  B. 

Rowland,  Benjamin.           Pope,  John. 

Randolph,  John.                  Swart,  Peter. 

Jones,  George.3                    Reed,  Philip. 

Rea,  John.                           Taggert,  Samuel. 

Kitchell,  Aaron.                    Robinson,  Jonathan.8 

Rhea,  John.                          Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 

Leib,  Mitchell.  4                   Smith,  Daniel. 

Richards,  Jacob.                  Taylor,  John. 

Lloyd,  James.5                    Smith,  John. 

Richards,  Mathew.              Thomas,  David. 

Maclay,  Samuel.                   Smith,  John. 

Ricker,  Samuel.                   Thompson,  John. 

Matthewson,  Elisha.6        Smith,  Samuel. 

Rowan,  John.                       Troup,  George  M. 

Meigs,  Jonathan  R.7            Sumter,  Thomas. 

Russell,  John.                     Upham,  Jabez. 

Milledge,  John.                    Thurston,  Buckner. 

Sawyer,  Lemuel.                 Van  Allen,  James  J. 

Mitchell,  Samuel  L.             Tiffin,  Edward. 

Say,  Benjamin.  4                  Van  Cortland,  Philip. 

Moore,  Andrew.                  Turner,  James. 

Seaver,  Ebenezer.                 Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 

Parker,  Nahum,                   White,  Samuel. 

Shaw,  Samuel.  5                   Van  Home,  Archibald. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Abraham  Baldwin,  deceased. 
2.  Elected   in  place  of  Uriah   Tracy,  deceased.     3. 
Appointed  in  place  of  Abraham  Baldwin,  deceased. 
4.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Maclay,  resigned.     5. 
Elected   in   place  of  John  Q.  Adams,  resigned.     6. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Turner,  elected  Governor. 
7.  Elected   in  place  of   John   Smith,   resigned.     8. 
Elected  in  place  of  Israel  Smith,  resigned. 

Sloan,  James.                       Van  Rensselaer,  Killian  K 
Smelt,  Dennis.                      Verplank,  Daniel  C. 
Smilie,  John.                        Wharton,  Jesse. 
Smith,  Jedediah.                  Whitehall,  Robert. 
Smith,  John.                        Wilbour,  Isaac. 
Smith,  Samuel.                    Williams,  David  R. 
Southard,  Henry.                Williams,  Marmaduke. 
Stanford,  Richard.               Wilson,  Alexander. 
Stedman,  William.              Wilson,  Nathan. 

REPEESENTA  TIVES. 

Story,  Joseph.  6                    Winn,  Richard. 

Stover,  Clement.                  Witherall,  James. 

Joseph  B.  Varnum,  Speaker. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Ezra  Darby,  deceased.     2. 

Alexander,  Evan.                Goldsborough,  Charles. 

Elected  in  place  of  John  Claiborne,  deceased.     3. 

Alston,  Lemuel,  Jr.            Goodwin,  Peterson. 

Elected  in  place  of  Nehemiah  Knight,  deceased.     4. 

Alston,  Willis,  Jr.               Gray,  Edwin. 

Elected  in  place  of  Joseph  Clay,  resigned.    5.  Elected 

Bacon,  Ezekiel.                    Green,  Isaiah  L. 

in  place  of  James  Witherall,  resigned.     6.  Elected 

Bard,  David.                          Harris,  John. 

in  place  of  Jacob  Crowninshield,  deceased.   7.  Elected 

Barker,  Joseph.                    Heister,  John. 

in  place  of  David  Thomas,  resigned. 

Bassett,  Burwell.                  Helms,  William. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bibb,  William  W.                Hoge,  William. 

Parke,  Benjamin.                 Thomas,  Jesse  B.I 

Boyd,  Adam.l                      Holland,  James. 
Boyle,  John.                         Holmes,  David. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  Parke,  resigned. 

Blake,  John.                          Howard,  Benjamin. 

THE  ELEVENTH  CONGRESS. 

Blakledge,  William.            Humphreys,  Reuben. 

QT^XT  A  TYYPQ 

Blount,  Thomas.                  Hsey,  Daniel. 

OHiIN  AXL'ivo. 

Brown,  Robert.                     Jackson,  John  G. 

George  Clinton,  Vice-Presidcnt. 

Burwell,  William  A.          Jackson,  Richard  S.3 

Anderson,  Joseph.               Lloyd,  James,  Jr. 

Butler,  William.                 Jenkins,  Robert. 

Bayard,  James  A.                Malbone,  Francis. 

Campbell,  George  W.           Johnson,  Richard  M. 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.           Mathewson,  Elislia. 

Campbell,  John.                   Jones,  Walter. 

Brent,  Richard.                   Meigs,  R.  J. 

Calhoun,  Joseph.                 Kelly,  James. 

Campbell,  Alexander.         Milledge,  John. 

Carleton,  Peter.                   Keenan,  Thomas. 

Champlin,  Christopher.2    Parker,  Nahum. 

Champion,  Epaphroditus.  Key,  Philip  B. 
Chandler,  John.                   Kirkpatrick,  Wm. 

Clay,  Henry.  3                      Pickering,  Timothy. 
Condit,  John.  4                    Pope,  John. 

Chittenden,  Martin.            Knight,  Neheiniah. 

Crawford,  W.  H.                 Reed,  Philip. 

Claiborne,  John.                   Lambert,  John. 

Cutts,  Charles.  5                   Robinson,  Jonathan. 

Clay,  Joseph.                       Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.6              Smith,  Daniel. 

Clay,  Mathew.                     Livermore,Edward  St.Loe. 

Franklin,  Jesse.                   Smith,  John. 

Clinton,  George,  Jr.            Lloyd,  Edward. 

Gaillard,  John.                    Smith,  Samuel. 

Clopton.  John.                    Love,  Guy. 

German,  Obediah.               Sumter,  Thomas. 

Cook,  Orchard.                    Lyon,  Mathew. 

Giles,  William.                    Tait,  Charles.  9 

Cobb,  Howell.                      Macon,  Nathaniel. 

Gilman,  Nicholas.                Taylor,  John.  10 

Crowninshield,  Jacob.         Marion,  Robert. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey.           Thruston,  Buckner. 

Culpepper,  John.                 Masters,  Josiah. 
Cutts,  Richard.                    McCreery,  William. 

Gregg,  Andrew.                   Tiffin,  Edward. 
Griswold,  Stanley.7            Turner,  James. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.                Milledge,  John. 

Hillhouse,  James.                White,  Samuel. 

Darby,  Ezra.                       Milnor,  William. 

Horsey,  Outerbridge.8        Whiteside,  Jenkiu.l] 

Davenport,  John,  Jr.           Montgomery,  David. 

Lambert,  John.                    Worthington,  Thomas.  12 

Dawson,  John.                     Montgomery,  John. 

Leib,  Michael. 

Deane,  Josiah.                      Moore,  Nicholas  R. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Edward  Tiffin,  resigned.     2. 

Desha,  Joseph.                     Moore,  Thomas. 

Elected  in  place  of  Francis  Malbone,  deceased.     3. 

Durell,  Daniel  M.               Morrow,  Jeremiah. 

Elected  in  place  of  Tuckner  Thruston,  resigned.     4. 

Elliot,  James.                       Morrow,  John. 

Appointed  pro  tern.,    and    subsequently  elected   in 

Ely,  William.                       Moseley,  Jonathan  O. 

place  of  Aaron  Kitchell,  resigned.     5.  Elected  in 

Epps,  John  W.                     Mumford,  Gurdon  S. 

place  of  Nahum  Parker,   resigned.      6.  Elected  in 

Fisk,  James.                         Nelson,  Roger. 

place  of  James  Hillhouse,  resigned.     7.  Appointed 

Findley,  William.               Newbold,  Thomas. 

in  place  of  Edward  Tiffin,  resigned.     8.  Elected  in 

Franklin,  Meshack.             Newton,  Thomas,  Jr. 

place  of  Samuel  White,  deceased.    9.  Elected  in  place 

Gardenier,  Barnett.             Nicholas,  Wilson  C. 

of  John  Milledge,  resigned.     10.  Elected  in  place  of 

Gardner,  Francis.                 Pitkin,  Timothy. 

Thomas  Sumter,  resigned.     11.  Elected  in  place  of 

Garnett,  James.                   Porter,  John. 

Daniel  Smith,  resigned.     12.  Elected  in  place  of  Re 

Gholson,  Thomas,  Jr.  2       Pugh,  John. 

turn  J.  Meigs,  resigned. 

TABULAR    RECORDS. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 

Weakley,  Robert.                Wilson,  James. 

Joseph  B.  Varnum,  Speaker. 
Alien,  Joseph.  1                    Livingston,  Robert  Le  Roy 
Anderson,  \Villiam.             Love,  John. 

Wheaton,  Laban.                 Winn,  Richard. 
White,  Samuel.                    Witherspoon,  Robert. 
Whitehall,  Robert.               Worthington,  Thomas. 

Alston,  Lemuel  J.               Lyle,  Aaron. 

Whitman,  Ezekiel.              Wright,  Robert.  13 

Alston,  Willis,  Jr.               Lyon,  Mathew. 

1.  Elected   in  place  of  Jabez  Upham,   resigned. 

Bacon,  Ezekiel.                    Macon,  Nathaniel. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  Howard,  resigned. 

Bard,  David.                         Marion,  Robert. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Stedman,  resigned. 

Barry,  William  T.2             Mathews,  Vincent. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Robert  Marion  resigned.     5. 

Bassett,  Bur  well.                 McBride,  Archibald. 

Elected  in  place  of  William  C.  Nicholas,  resigned. 

Bayliss,  William.                 McKee,  Samuel. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Dana,  elected  Senator. 

Bibb,  William  W.               McKim,  Alexander. 

7.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  G.  Jackson,  resigned.     8. 

Bigelow,  Abijah.3               McKinley,  William.  7 

Elected  in    place  of   William   Dunning,    who  was 

Blaisdell,  Daniel.                 Miller,  Pleasant  M. 

elected,  but  never  qualified.     9.  Elected  in  place  of 

Boyd,  Adam.                         Milnor,  William. 

Roger   Nelson,    resigned.      10.  Elected   in   place   of 

Brown,  John.                       Mitchell,  Samuel  L.8 

James  Cox,  deceased.     11.  Elected  in  place  of  Benja 

Brown,  Robert.                    Moore,  Nicholas  R. 

min  Say,  resigned.     12.  Successfully  contested  the 

Breckenridge,  James.          Moore,  Thomas. 

election  of  Walter  Bayliss.     13.  Elected  in  place  of 

Burwell,  William  A.           Montgomery,  John. 

John  Brown,  resigned. 

Butler,  William.                  Morrow,  Jeremiah. 
Calhoun,  Joseph.                 Moseley,  Jonathan  O. 
Campbell,  John.                  Mumford,  Gordon  S. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Jennings,  Jonathan.            Poydras,  Julian. 
Poindexter,  George. 

Chamberlain,  John  C.         Nelson,  Roger. 

Chamberlain,  William.       Newbold,  Thomas. 

THE  TWELFTH  CONGRESS. 

Champion,  Epaphroditus.  Newton,  Thomas. 

SENATORS. 

Cheves,  Langdon.4              Nicholas,  Wilson  C. 
Chittenden,  Martin.            Nicholson,  John. 

George  Clinton,  Vice-  President. 

Clay,  Mathew.                      Pearson,  Joseph. 

Anderson,  Joseph.               Horsey,  Outerbridge. 

Clopton,  John.                     Pickman,  Benjamin. 

Bayard,  James  A.                Howell,  Jeremiah  B. 

Cobb,  Howell.                      Pitkin,  Timothy. 

Bibb,  George.                        Hunter,  William.  3 

Cochran,  James.                   Potter,  Elisha  R. 

Bradley,  Stephen  R.           Lambert,  John. 

Cook,  Orchard.                     Porter,  John. 

Brent,  Richard.                     Leib,  Michael. 

Cox,  James.                          Porter,  Peter  B. 

Brown,  James.l                   Lloyd,  James. 

Crawford,  William.             Quincey,  Josiah. 

Campbell,  Alexander.          Magruder,  Allen  B. 

Crist,  Henry.                        Randolph,  John  H. 

Campbell,  George  W.2       Pope,  John. 

Cutts,  Richard.                    Rea.  John. 

Crawford,  William  H.         Posey,  Thomas.4 

Dana,  Samuel  W.                Rhea,  John. 

Condit,  John.                        Reed,  Philip. 

Davenport,  John.                 Ricards,  Mathiaa. 

Cutts,  Charles.                      Robinson,  Jonathan. 

Dawson,  John.                     Ringgold,  Samuel.9 

Dana,  Samuel  W.                 Smith,  John. 

Desha,  Joseph.                     Roane,  John. 

Franklin,  Jesse.                   Smith,  Samuel. 

Ely,  William.                       Robinson,  Jonathan. 

Gaillard,  John.                     Tait,  Charles. 

Emott,  James.                      Root,  Erastus. 

German,  Obediah.                Taylor,  John. 

Epps,  John  W.                    Ross,  John. 

Giles,  William  B.                 Turner,  James. 

Fisk,  Jonathan.                   Sage,  Ebenezer. 

Gilman,  Nicholas.                Varnum,  Joseph  B. 

Findley,  William.               Sammons,  Thomas. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey.            Worthington,  Thomas. 

Franklin,  Meshack.             Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

Gregg,  Andrew. 

Gardenier,  Barnet.               Say,  Benjamin. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Noel  Destrahan,  re 

Gardner,  Gideon.                 Scudder,  John  A.  10 
Garland,  DavidS.5             Seaver,  Ebenezer. 
Garnett,  Barzillai.               Seybert,  Adam.ll 
Gholson,  Thomas,  Jr.         Shaw,  Samuel. 
Gold,  Thomas  R.                 Sheffey,  Daniel. 
Goldsborough,  Charles.       Smilie,  John. 
Goodwin,  Peterson.             Smith,  Dennis. 

signed,  having  never  taken  his  seat.     2.  Elected  in 
place  of  Jenkin  Whitesides,  resigned.     3.  Elected  in 
place  of  Christopher  G.  Champlin,  resigned.     4.  Ap 
pointed  in  place  of  John  Noel  Destrahan,  who  was 
elected,  but  never  took  his  seat. 
REPRESENTATIVES. 

Grey,  Edwin.                       Smith,  George. 

Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 

Hall,  William.                     Smith,  John. 

Alston,  Willis.                     Butler,  William. 

Haven,  Nathaniel  O.           Smith,  Samuel. 

Anderson,  William.             Calhoun,  John  C. 

Heister,  Daniel.                   Southard,  Henry. 

Archer,  Stevenson.              Carr,  Francis. 

Helms,  William.                  Stanford,  Richard. 
Holland,  James.                  Stanley,  John. 

Avery,  Daniel.                     Champion,  Epaphroditus. 
Bacon,  Ezekiel.                    Cheves,  Langdon. 

Howard.  Benjamin.             Stedman,  William. 

Baker,  John.                         Chittenden,  Martin. 

Hnbbard,  Jonathan  H.       Stevenson,  James. 

Bard,  David.                         Clay,  Mathew. 

Hufty,  Jacob.                       Sturgis,  Lewis  B. 

Barnett,  William.  1              Clopton,  John. 

Huntington,  Ebenezer.  6     Swoope,  Jacob. 

Bartlett,  Josiah.                   Cobb,  Howell. 

Jackson,  John  G.                 Taggert,  Samuel. 

Bassett,  Burwell.                  Cochran,  James. 

Jackson,  Richard,  Jr.         Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 

Bibb,  William  W.                Condit,  Lewis. 

Jenkins,  Robert.                  Taylor,  John. 

Bigelow,  Abijah.                  Cook,  Thomas  B. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.           Thompson,  John. 

Blacklidge,  William.           Crawford,  William. 

Jones,  Walter.                      Tracy,  Uri. 

Sleeker,  Harmanus.            Cutts,  Richard. 

Kenan,  Thomas.                  Troup,  George  M. 

31ount,  Thomas.                  Davis,  Roger. 

Kennedy,  William.             Turner,  Charles,  Jr.  12 
Key,  Philip  B.                     Upham,  Jabez. 
Knickerbocker,  Herman.    Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 

3oyd,  Adam.                        Davenport,  John. 
Breckenridge,  James.          Dawson,  John. 
Brigham,  Elijah.                  Desha,  John. 

Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr.               Van  Home,  Archibald. 
Iavermore,EdwardSt.Loe.Van  Rensselaer,Killian  K. 

3rown,  Robert.                    DLnsmore,  Samuel. 
Burwell,  William  A.          Earle,  Elias. 

TABULAR    EECOKDS. 


Ely,  William. 
Emott,  James. 
Findley,  William. 
Fisk.  James. 
Fitch,  Asa. 
Franklin,  Meshack. 
Gholson,  Thomas. 
Goodwin,  Peterson. 
Gold,  Thomas  R. 


Paulding,  William. 
Pearson,  Joseph. 
Pickens,  Israel. 
Piper,  William. 
Pitkin,  Timothy. 
Pleasants,  James,  Jr. 
Pond,  Benjamin. 
Porter,  Peter  B. 
Potter,  Elisha  B. 


Goldsborough,  Charles.  Quincy,  Josiah. 

Gray,  Edwin.  Randolph,  John. 

Green,  Isaiah  L.  Reed  William. 

Grosvenor,  Thomas  P. 2  Rhea,  John. 

Grundy,  Felix.  Richardson,  William  M. 

Hall,  Bollinger.  Ridgeley,  Henry  M. 

Hall,  Obel.  Ringgold,  Samuel. 

Harper,  John  A.  Roaue,  John. 

Hawes,  Aylett.  Rodman,  William. 

Hufty,  Jacob.  Roberts,  Jonathan. 

Hungerford,  John  P.  Robertson,  Thomas  B. 

Hyneman,  John  M.  Sage,  Ebeuezer. 

Jackson,  Richard.  Jr.  Sammons,  Thomas. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.  Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

Kennedy,  William.  3  Seaver,  Ebenezer. 

Kent,  Joseph.  Sevier,  John. 

Key,  Philip  B.  Seybert,  Adam. 

King,  William  R.  Shaw,  Samuel. 

Lacock,  Abner.  Sheffey,  Daniel. 

Lafever,  Joseph.  Smilie,  John. 

Law,  Lyman.  Smith,  George. 

Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr.  Smith,  John. 

Little,  Peter.  Stanford,  Richard. 
Livingston.  Robert Le  Roy.  Stowe,  Silas. 

Lowndes,  William.  Strong,  William. 

Lyle,  Aaron.  Stuart,  Philip. 

Macon,  NathanieL  Sturgis,  Lewis  B. 

Maxwell,  George  C.  Sullivan,  George. 

McBryde,  Archibald.  Taggart,  Samuel. 

McKee,  Samuel.  Talliaferro,  John. 4 

McKim,  Alexander.  Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 

McCoy,  William.  Tallman,  Peleg. 

Metcalf,  Arunah.  Tracy,  Uri. 

Milnor,  James.  Troup,  George  M. 

Mitchell,  Samuel  L.  Turner,  Charles,  Jr. 

Moore,  Thomas.  Van  Cortland,  Pierre,  Jr. 

Morgan,  James.  Wheaton,  Laban. 

Morrow,  Jeremiah.  White,  Leonard. 

Moseley,  Jonathan.  Whitehill,  Robert. 

Nelson,  Hugh.  Widgery,  William. 

New,  Anthony.  Williams,  David  R. 

Newbold,  Thomas.  Wilson,  Thomas. 

Newton,  Thomas.  Winn,  Richard. 

Ormsby,  Steven.  Wright,  Robert. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Ho  well  Cobb,  resigned.  2. 
Elected  in  place  of  R.  Le  Roy  Livingston,  resigned. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  Blount,  deceased.  4. 
Successfully  contested  the  election  of  J.  P.  Hanger- 
ford. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bond,  Shadrack.  Jennings,  Jonathan. 

Hempstead,  Edward.  Poindexter,  George. 

THE  THIRTEENTH  CONGRESS. 
SENATORS. 


ECbridge  Gerry, 
Anderson,  Joseph. 
Barbour,  James.  1 
Barry,  William  T.2 
Bibb,  George  M. 
Bibb,  William  Wyatt.3 
Bledsoe,  Jesse. 
Brent,  Richard. 
Brown,  James. 
Bullock,  William  B.  4 


Vice-President. 
Campbell,  George. 
Chace,  Dudley. 
Condit,  John. 
Cutts,  Charles.  5 
Dana,  Samuel, 
Daggett,  Davis.  6 
Frementin,  Eligiua. 
Gaillard,  John. 
German,  Obediah. 


Giles,  William  B.  Roberts,  Jonathan.  10 

Gilmore,  Nicholas.  Robinson,  Jonathan. 

Gore,  Christopher.7  Smith,  Samuel. 
Goldsborough,  Henry  R.    Stone,  David. 

Horsey,  Outerbridge.  Tait,  Charles. 

Howell,  Jeremiah  B.  Talbot,  Isham.ll 

Hunter,  William.  Taylor,  John. 

Kerr,  Joseph.8  Thompson,  Thomas  W.lli 

King,  Rufus.  Turner,  James. 

Lacock,  Abner.  Varnum,  Joseph  B. 

Lambert,  John.  Walker,  George.  13 

Leib,  Michael.  Wells,  William  H.14 

Mason,  Jeremiah.  9  Wharton,  Jesse.  15 

Morrow.  Jeremiah.  Worthington,  Thomas. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Richard  Brent,  deceased.  2. 
Elected  in  place  of  George  M.  Bibb,  resigned.  3. 
Elected  in  place  of  W.  H.  Crawford,  resigned.  4. 
Appointed  in  place  of  W.  H.  Crawford,  resigned.  5. 
Appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy.  6.  Elected  in  place  oi 
Chauncey  Goodrich,  resigned.  7.  Appointed  in 
place  of  James  Lloyd,  resigned.  8.  Elected  in  plac< 
of  Thomas  Worthington,  resigned.  9.  Elected  foi 
six  years,  Charles  Cutts  having  been  appointed  pn 
tern.  10.  Elected  in  place  of  Michael  Leib,  resigned. 

11.  Elected    in     place  of  Jesse  Bledsoe,   resigned 

12.  Elected  in  place  of  Michael  Gilman,  deceased 

13.  Elected  in  place  of  George  M.  Bibb,  resigned 

14.  Elected  in  place  of  James  A.  Bayard,  resigned 

15.  Elected  in  place  of  G.  W.  Campbell,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 

Langdon  Chcces,  Speaker.  1 

Anderson,  William.  Creyhton,  William,  Jr. 

Alexander,  John.  Crouch,  William. 6 

Alston,  Willis.  Cul pepper,  John. 

Archer,  Stevenson.  Cuthbert,  Alfred.7 

A  very,  Daniel.  Dana,  Samuel.  8 

Bard,  David.  Davenport,  John,  Jr. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.  2  Davis,  Roger. 

Barnett,  William.  Davis.  Samuel. 

Bayley,  Thomas  M.  Dawson,  John. 

Bayless,  William.  Denoyelles,  Peter. 

Beal,  Resin.  Desha,  Joseph. 

Benson,  Egbert.  Duvall,  William  P. 

Bibb,  William  W.  Dewey,  Daniel. 

Bigelow,  Abijah.  Earle,  Elias. 

Bines,  Thomas.3  Ely,  William. 

Bowen,  John  H.  Epps,  John  W. 

Bowers,  John  M.  Evans,  David  R. 

Boyd,  Alexander.  Farrow,  Samuel. 

Bradbury,  George.  Findley,  William. 

Bradley,  William  C.  Fisk,  James. 

Breckenridge,  James.  Fisk,  Jonathan. 

Brigham,  Elijah.  Forney,  Peter. 

Brown,  Robert.  Forsyth,  John. 

Bnrwell,  William  A.  Franklin,  Meshack. 

Butler,  Ezra.  Gaston,  William. 

Caldwell,  James.  Geddes,  James. 

Calhoun,  John  C.  Gholson,  Thomas. 

Cannon,  Newton.  4  Glasgow,  Hugh. 

Caperton,  Hugh.  Gloninger,  John. 

Chapells,  John  J.  Goldsborough,  Charles. 
Champion,  Epaphroditus.  Goodwin,  Peterson. 

Cilley,  Bradbury.  Goodwin,  Theodore. 

Clark,  Henry.  Griffins,  Isaac. 

Clark,  James.  Grosvenor,  Thomas  P. 

Clendenen,  David.  5  Grundy,  Felix. 

Clopton,  John.  Hale,  William. 

Comstock,  Oliver  C.  Hall,  Boiling. 

Conard,  John.  Hanson,  Alexander  C. 

Condit,  Lewis.  Harris,  Thomas  K. 

Cooper,  Thomas.  Hasbrouck,  Abraham. 

Cox,  William.  Hawes,  Aylett. 

Crawford,  William,  Hawkins,  Joseph  H.9 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


.Henderson,  Samuel. 
Hopkins,  Samuel. ID 
Hopkins,  Samuel. 
Howell,  Nathaniel. 
Hubbard,  Levi. 
Hufty,  Jacob. 
Humphreys,  Perry  W. 
Huogerford,  John  P. 
Hurl  but,  John  W.ll 
Hyneman,  John  W. 
Ingersoll,  Charles  J. 
Ingham,  Samuel  D. 
Irving,  William.  12 
Irwln.  Jared. 
Jackson,  John  G. 
Jackson,  Richard,  Jr. 
Johnson,  James. 
Johnson,  Richard  M. 
Kennedy,  William. 
Kent,  Joseph 
Kent,  Moss. 
Kerr,  John. 
Kershaw,  John. 
Kilbourn,  James. 
King,  Cyrus. 
King,  WilUam  R. 
Law,  Lyman. 
Leflerts,  John. 
Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. 
^Lovett,  John. 
Lowndes,  William. 
Lyle,  Aaron. 
Macon,  Nathaniel 
Markell,  Jacob. 
McCoy,  William. 
McKee,  Samuel. 
McKim,  Alexander. 
McLean,  John. 
Miller,  Morris  S. 
Moffitt,  Hosea. 
Moore,  Nicholas  R. 
Montgomery,  Thomas. 
Mosely,  Jonathan  O. 
Murfee,  William  H. 
Nelson,  Hugh. 
Newton,  Thomas. 
Oakley,  Thomas  J. 
Ormsby,  Steven. 
Parker,  James. 
Pearson,  Joseph. 
Pick  ens,  Israel. 
Pickering,  Timothy. 
Piper,  William. 
Pitkin,  Timothy. 
Pleasants,  James,  Jr. 


Potter,  Elisha  R. 
Rea,  John. 
Reed,  John. 
Reed,  William. 
Rhea,  John. 
Rich,  Charles. 
Richardson,  William  M 
Ridgely,  Henry  M. 
Riuggold,  Samuel. 
Roane,  John. 
Roberts,  Jonathan. 
Robertson,  Thomas  B. 
Ruggles,  Nathaniel. 
Sage,  Ebenezer. 
Shureman,  James. 
Sevier,  John. 
Seybert,  Adam. 
Sharpe,  Solomon  P. 
Sheffey,  Daniel. 
Sherwood,  Samuel. 
Shepherd,  Zebulon  R 
Skinner,  Richard. 
Slay  maker,  Amos.  13 
Smith,  Isaac. 
Smith,  John. 
Smith,  Samuel. 
Smith,  William  S. 
Stanford,  Richard. 
Stockton,  Richard. 
Strong,  William. 
Stuart,  Philip. 
Sturges,  Lewis  B. 
Taggart,  Samuel. 
Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 
Tannehill,  Adamson 
Taylor,  John  W. 
Telfair,  Thomas. 
Thompson,  Joel. 
Troup,  George  M. 
Udree,  Daniel.  14 
Vose,  Roger. 
Ward,  Artemus. 
Ward,  Thomas. 
Webster,  Daniel. 
Wheaton,  Laban. 
White,  Francis. 
Whitehill,  James. 
Wilcox,  Jeduthan. 
Williams,  Isaac,  Jr.  15 
Winter,  Elisha  R. 
Wilson,  Thomas. 
Wilson,  John. 
Wood,  Abiel. 
Wright,  Robert. 
Yancey ,   Bartlett . 


Post,  Jotham. 

1.  Elected  Speaker  in  place  of  Henry  Clay,  re 
signed.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Dawson,  deceased. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Jacob  Hufty,  deceased.  4. 
Elected  in  place  of  Felix  Gruiidy,  resigned.  5. 
Elected  in  place  of  Resin  Beal,  resigned.  6.  Elected 
in  place  of  John  Gloninger,  resigned.  7.  Elected  in 
place  of  W.  W.  Bibb,  resigned.  8.  Elected  in  place 
of  William  M.  Richardson,  resigned.  9.  Elected  in 
place  of  Henry  Clay,  resigned.  10.  Elected  in  place 
of  Jonathan  Roberts,  elected  Senator.  11.  Elected 
in  place  of  Daniel  Dewey,  resigned.  12.  Elected  in 
place  of  Egbert  Benson,  resigned.  13.  Elected  in 
place  of  James  Whitehill,  resigned.  14.  Elected  in 
place  of  John  M.  Hyneman,  resigned.  15.  Success 
fully  contested  the  election  of  John  M.  Bowers. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bond,  Shadrack.  Jennings,  Jonathan. 

Easton.  Robert.  Lattimer,  William. 

Hemp^tead,  Edward.  Stephenson,  Benjamin. 


THE  FOURTEENTH  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 

John  Gaillard,  President  pro  tern. 
Ashmun,  Eli  P.I  Mason,  Armistoad.5 

Barbour,  James.  Mason,  Jeremiah. 

Barry,  William  T.  Morrow,  Jeremiah. 

Bibb,  William  W.  Noble,  James. 

Brown,  James.  Roberts,  Jonathan. 

Campbell,  George  W.          Ruggles,  Benjamin. 
Chase,  Dudley.  Sanford,  Nathan. 

Condit,  John.  Smith,  William. 6 

Daggett,  David.  Stokes,  Montlbrd.7 

Dana,  Samuel  W.  Tait,  Charles. 

Fromentin,  Eligius.  Talbot,  Isham. 

Goldsborough,  Robert  H.  Taylor,  John. 
Gore,  Christopher.  Taylor,  Waller. 

Hanson,  Alexander  C.8      Thompson,  Thomas  W. 
Hardin,  Martin  D.2  Tichenor,  Isaac. 

Harper,  Robert  G.  Troup,  George  M.8 

Horsey,  Outerbridge.  Turner,  Jacob. 

Howell,  Jeremiah.  Varnum,  Joseph  B. 

Hunter,  William.  Wells,  William  H. 

King,  Rufus.  Williams,  .John. 

Lacock,  Abner.  Williams,  James  J.9 

Macon,  Nathaniel.  4 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Christopher  Gore,  resigned. 
2.  Appointed  in  place  of  W.  T.  Barry,  resigned;  sub 
sequently  elected  by  the  Legislature.  3.  Elected  in 
place  of  R.  G.  Harper,  resigned.  4.  Elected  in  place 
of  Francis  Locke,  resigned.  5.  Elected  in  place  of 
William  B.  Giles,  resigned.  6.  Elected  in  place  of 
John  Taylor,  resigned.  7.  Elected  in  place  of  James 
Turner,  resigned.  8.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  W.  Bibb, 
resigned.  9.  Elected  in  place  of  George  W.  Camp 
bell,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 

Adams,  Benjamin.  1  Clark,  James  W. 

Adgate,  Asa.  Clayton,  Thomas. 

Alexander,  John.  Clendenen,  David. 

Archer,  Stevenson.  Clopton,  John. 

Atherton,  Charles  H.  Comstock,  Oliver  C. 

Avery,  Daniel. 2  Condict,  Lewis. 

Baer,  George.  Conner,  Samuel  S. 

Baker,  Ezra.  Cook,  Zadock.4 

Barbour,  Philip  G.  Cooper,  Thomas. 

Bassett,  Burwell.  Crawford,  William. 

Bateman,  Ephraim.  Creighton,  William,  Jr. 

Bayliss,  William.  Crocheron,  Henry. 

Bennett,  Benjamin.  Culpepper,  John. 

Betts,  Samuel  R.  Cuthbert,  Alfred. 

Birdsall,  James.  Darlington,  William. 

Birdseye,  Victory.  Davenport,  John,  Jr. 

Blount,  William.  Desha,  Joseph. 

Boss,  John  L.  Dickens,  Samuel. 5 

Bradbury,  George.  Edwards,  Weldon  M.6 

Breckenridge,  James.  Findley,  William. 

Brigham,  Elijah.  Fletcher,  Thomas.7 

Brown,  Benjamin.  Forney,  Daniel  M. 

Brooks,  Micah.  Forsythe,  John. 

Bryan,  Joseph  H.  Gaston,  William. 

Buruside,  Thomas.  Gholson,  Thomas. 

Burwell,  William  A.  Glasgow,  Hugh. 

Cady,  Daniel.  Gold,  Thomas  R. 

Caldwell,  James.  Goldsborough,  Charles. 

Calhoun,  John  C.  Goodwin,  Peterson. 

Cannon,  Merton.  Griffin,  Isaac. 

Carr,  James.  Grosvenor,  Thomas  P. 
Champion,  Epaphroditus.  Hahn,  John. 

Chappelle,  John.  Hale,  William. 

Chipman,  Daniel.  Hall,  Boiling. 

Cilley,  Bradbury.  Hammond,  Jabez  D. 

Clark,  Archibald  S.3  Hanson,  Alexander  C.8 

Clark,  James.  Hardin,  Benjamin. 


TABULAE    RECORDS. 


xx\iii 


Harrison,  William  H.9 
Hawes,  Aylett. 
Heister,  Joseph. 
Henderson,  Bennett  H. 
Hendricks,  William. 
Herbert,  John  C. 
Hoops,  Charles.  10. 
Hopkinson,  Joseph. 
Huger,  Benjamin. 
Hungerford,  John  P. 
Hurlbut,  John  W. 
Ingham,  Samuel  D. 
Irving,  William. 
Irwin,  Jared. 
Jackson,  John  G. 
Jewett.  Luther. 
Johnson,  James. 
Johnson,  Richard  M. 
Kent,  Moss. 
Kerr,  John. 
Kilbourne,  James. 
King,  Cyrus. 
King,  William  R. 
Langdou,  Chauncey. 
Law,  Lyman. 
Lewis,  Joseph,  Jr. 
Little,  Peter.  11. 
Loundes,  William. 
Love,  William  C. 
Lovett,  John. 
Lumpkin,  Wilson. 
Lyle,  Aaron. 
Lyon,  Asa. 
Maclay,  William. 
Maclay,  William  P.I '2 
Macon,  Nathaniel. 
Marsh,  Charles. 
Mason,  James  B. 
Mayrant,  William. 
McCoy,  William. 
McKee,  Samuel. 
McLean,  Almy. 
McLean,  John. 
Middleton,  Henry. 
Miller,  Stephen  D.13 
Mills,  Elijah. 
Milnor,  William. 
Moffit,  Hosea. 
Moore,  Thomas. 
Moseley,  Jonathan  O. 
Murfee,  William  H. 
Nelson,  Hugh. 
Nelson,  Jeremiah. 
Nelson,  Thomas  M.14 
Newton,  Thomas. 
Noyes,  John. 
Ormsby,  Stephen. 
Parris,  Albion  K. 
Peter,  George.  15 
Pickering,  Timothy. 


Pinckney,  William. 
Piper,  William. 
Pitkin,  Timothy. 
Pleasants,  John. 
Porter,  Peter  B. 
Powell,  Samuel. 
Randolph,  John. 
Reed,  John. 
Reynolds,  James  B. 
Rice,  Thomas. 
Roane,  William. 
Robertson,  Thomas  B. 
Root,  Erastus.16 
Ross,  John. 
Ruggles,  Nathaniel. 
Savage,  John. 
Schenck,  Abraham  H. 
Sergeant,  John. 
Sharpe,  Solomon  P. 
Sheffey,  Daniel. 
Smith,  Ballard. 
Smith,  Samuel.  17 
Smith,  Thomas. 
Southard,  Henry. 
Stanford,  Richard. 
Stearns,  Ashael. 
Strong,  Solomon. 
Stuart,  Philip. 
Sturges,  Lewis  R. 
Taggert,  Samuel. 
Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 
Tate,  Magnus. 
Taul,  Micah. 
Taylor,  John. 
Taylor,  John  W. 
Tel  fair,  Thomas. 
Thomas,  Isaac. 
Throop,  Euos  F. 
Townsend,  George. 
Tucker,  Henry  St.  George. 
Tyler,  John.  18 
Wallace,  James. 
Ward,  Artemus. 
Ward,  Jonathan. 
Ward,  Thomas. 
Webster,  Daniel. 
Wendover,  Peter  H. 
Wheaton,  Laban. 
Whiteside,  John. 
Wilcox,  Jonathan. 
Wilde,  Richard  Henry. 
Wilkin,  James  W. 
Williams,  Lewis. 
Willoughby,  Westel,  Jr.  19 
Wilson,  Thomas. 
Wilson,  WTilliam. 
Woodward,  William. 
Wright,  Robert. 
Yancey,  Bartlett. 
Yates,  John  B. 


Pickens,  Israel. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Elijah  Brigham,  deceased. 
•.}.  Elected  in  place  of  Enos  T.    Throop,   resigned. 

3.  Elected   in   place  of  Peter   B.   Porter,  resigned. 

4.  Elected    in   place  of  Alfred    Cuthbert,  resigned. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  Richard  Stanford,  deceased.     6. 
Elected  in  place  of  Nathaniel  Macon,  elected  Senator. 
7.  Elected   in  place  of  James  Clark,  resigned.      8. 
Elected  Senator  in  place  of  Robert  G.  Harper,  re 
signed.    9.  Elected  in  place  of  John  McLean,  resigned. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  William  R.  King,  resigned. 

11.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Pinckney,  resigned. 

12.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  Burnside,  resigned. 

13.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Mayrant,  resigned. 

14.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  Gholson,  deceased. 

C 


15.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  C.  Harrison,  elected 
Senator.  16.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  Johu 
Adair.  17.  Elected  in  place  of  Nicholas  R.  Moore, 
resigned.  18.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Clopton,  de 
ceased.  19.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of 
William  S.  Smith. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Easton,  Rufus.l  Pope,  Nathaniel. 

Jennings,  Jonathan.  Scott,  John. 

Lattimore,  William.  Stevenson,  Benjamin. 

1.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  John  Scott. 

THE  FIFTEENTH  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Vice-President. 
Ashmun,  Eli  P.  Macon,  Nathaniel. 

Barbour,  James.  Mason,  Jeremiah. 

Burrill,  James,  Jr.  Mellen,  Prentiss.5 

Campbell,  George  W.          Morrill,  David  L. 
Chace,  Dudley.  Morrow,  Jeremiah. 

Crittenden,  John  J.  Noble,  James. 

Daggett,  David.  Otis,  Harrison  G. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.  Palmer,  William  A.  6 

Eaton,  John  Henry.  1  Roberts,  Jonathan. 

Edward,  Ninian.  Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Epps,  John  W.  Sanford,  Nathan. 

Fisk,  James.2  Smith,  William. 

Forsyth,  John.  3  Stokes,  Montford. 

Fromentin,  Eligius.  Storer.  Clement.  7 

Gaillard,  John.  Tait,  Charles. 

Goldsborough,  Robert  H.  Talbot,  Isham. 
Hanson,  Alexander  C.  Taylor,  Waller. 
Horsey,  Outerbridge.  Tichenor,  Isaac. 

Hunter,  William.  Troup,  George  M. 

Johnson,  Henry.  4  Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 

King,  Rufus.  Williams,  John. 

Lacock,  Abner.  Williams,  Thomas  II. 

Leake,  Walter.  Wilson,  James  J. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  George  W.  Campbell,  re 
signed.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  Dudley  Chace,  re 
signed.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  George  M.  Troup, 
resigned.  4.  Elected  in  place  of  William  C.  Claiboraa^ 
deceased,  having  never  taken  his  seat.  5.  Elected  in 
place  of  Eli  P.  Ashmun,  resigned.  6.  Elected  ia 
place  of  James  Fisk,  resigned.  7.  Elected  in  place 
of  Jeremiah  Mason. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 

Abbott,  Joel.  Campbell,  John  W. 

Adams.  Benjamin.  Claggett,  Clifton. 

Allen,  Heman.  Claiborne,  Thomas, 

Allen,  Samuel  C.  Cobb,  Thomas  W. 
Anderson,  Richard  C.  Jr.  Colston,  Edward. 

Anderson,  William.  Comstock,  Oliver  C. 

Austin,  Archibald.  Cook,  Zadock. 

Baldwin,  Henry.  Crafts,  Samuel  C. 

Ball,  William  Lee.  Crawford,  Joel. 

Barber,  Levi.  Cruger,  Daniel. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.  Culbreth,  Thomas. 

Bassett,  Burwell.  Cushman,  John  P. 

Bateman.  Ephraim.  Darlington,  Isaac. 

Bayley,  Thomas.  Davidson,  William.2 

Beecher,  Philemon.  Desha,  Joseph. 

Bellinger,  Joseph.  Drake,  John  R. 

Bennett,  Benjamin.  Earle,  Elias. 

Bloomfield,  Joseph.  Edwards,  Welden  N. 

Blount,  William  G.  Ellicott,  Benjamin. 

Boden,  Andrew.  Ervin,  James. 

Boss,  John  L.  Jr.  Fisher,  Charles.  3 

Bryan,  Joseph  H.  Floyd,  John. 

Butler,  Josiah.  Folger,  Waller,  Jr. 

Butler,  Thomas.  1  Forney,  Daniel  M. 

Burwell,  William  A.  F'orsyth.  John.4 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Fuller.  Timothy. 
Gage,  Joshua. 
Garnett,  Robert  S. 
Gilbert.  Sylvester. 5 
Goodwin,  Peterson. 
Hale,  Salma. 
Hall,  Thomas  H. 
Hall,  Willard. 
Harrison,  William  TI. 
Hasbrouck,  Josiah. 
Heister,  Joseph. 
Hendricks,  William. 
Herbert,  John  0. 
Herkimer,  John. 
Herrick,  Samuel. 
Hitchcock,  Peter. 
Hoggs,  Samuel. 
Holmes.  John. 
Holmes,  Uriel. 
Hopkinson,  Joseph. 
Hostetter,  Jacob. 6 
Hubbard,  Thomas  H. 
Hunter,  William. 


Pawling,  Levi. 
Pegram,  John. 9 
Peter,  George. 
Pindall,  James. 
Pitkin,  Timothy. 
Pleasants,  James. 
Poindexter,  George. 
Porter,  James. 
Quarles,  Tunstall,  Jr. 
Heed,  Philip. 

Reed,  Robert  Raymond.  10 
Rhea,  John. 
Rice,  Thomas. 
Rich,  Charles. 
Richards,  Mark. 
Ringgold,  Samuel. 
Robertson,  George. 
Robertson,  Thomas  B. 
Rogers,  Thomas  J.ll 
Ross,  John. 
Rnggles,  Nathaniel. 
Savage,  John. 
Sampson,  Zabdiel. 


Huntington,  Ebenezer.       Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

Ingham,  Samuel  D.  Schuyler,  Philip  J. 

Irving,  William.  Scudder,  Tread  well. 

Johnson,  James.  Settle,  Thomas. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.  Sergeant,  John. 

Jones,  Francis.  Seybert,  Adam. 

Kinsey,  Charles.  Shaw,  Henry. 

Kirtland,  Dorrance.  Sherwood,  Samuel  B. 

Lawyer,  Thomas.  Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 

Lewis,  William  J.  Simkins,  Eldred. 

Lincoln,  Enoch.7  Slocum,  Jesse. 

Linn,  John.  Smith,  Ballard. 

Little,  Peter.  Smith,  Joseph  S. 

Livermore,  Arthur.  Smith,  Samuel. 

Lowndes,  William.  Smyth,  Alexander. 

Maclay,  William.  Southard,  Henry. 

Maclay,  William  P.  Spangler,  Jacob. 

McCoy,  William.  Speed,  Thomas. 

McLane,  Louis.  Spencer,  John  C. 

McLean,  John.  Stewart,  James. 

Marchand.  David.  Stuart,  Philip. 

Marr,  George  S.  Storrs,  Henry  B. 

Mason.  James  B.  Strong,  Solomon. 

Mason,  Jonathan.  Strothers,  George  F. 

Mercer,  Charles  F.  Tallmadge,  James,  Jr. 

Merrill,  Orsamus  ( '.  Tarr,  Christian. 

Middleton,  Henry.  Taylor,  John  W. 

Miller,  Stephen  D.  Terrill,  William. 

Mills,  Elijah  H.  Terry,  Nathaniel. 

Moore.  Robert.  Tompkins,  Caleb. 

Moore,  Samuel. 8  Townsend,  George. 

Morton,  Marcus.  Trimble,  David. 

Moseley,  Jonathan  O.  Tucker,  Henry  St.  George. 

Mnnford,  George.  Tucker,  Sterling. 

Murray,  John.  Tyler,  John. 

Nelson,  Hugh.  Upham,  Nathaniel. 

Nelson,  Jeremiah.  Walker,  David. 

Nelson,  Thomas  M.  Walker,  Felix. 

Nesbit,  William.  Wallace,  James  M. 

New,  Anthony.  Wendover,  Peter  H. 

Newton,  Thomas.  Westerlo,  Rensselaer. 

Ogden,  David  A.  Whiteside,  John. 

Ogle,  Alexander.  Whitman,  Ezekiel. 

Orr,  Benjamin.  Wilkins,  James  W. 

Owen,  James.  Williams,  Isaac. 

Palmer.  John.  Williams,  Lewis. 

Parris,  Albion  K.  Williams,  Thomas  S. 

Parrott,  John  F.  Wilson,  John. 

Patterson,  Thomas.  Wilson,  William. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  T.  B.  Robertson,  resigned, 
f.  Elected  in  place  of  Daniel  M.  Forney,  resigned. 
3  Elected  in  place  of  George  Mnmford,  deceased. 


4.  Elected   in     place  of   G.    M.    Troup,     resigned. 

5.  Elected   in   place    of  Uriel    Holmes,    resigned. 
(i.  Elected    in   place    of  Jacob   Spangler,    resigned. 

7.  Elected   in  place   of  Albion  K.  Parris,  resigned. 

8.  Elected  in  place  of  S.  D.    Ingham,  resigned,    f). 
Elected  in  place  of  Peterson  Goodwin,  deceased.     10. 
Elected  jin  place  of  John   Forsyth,  elected  Senator. 
11.     Elected  in  place  of  John  Ross,  resigned. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Crowell,  John.  Scott,  John. 

Pope,  Nathaniel. 

THE  SIXTEENTH  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 

David  D.  Tompkins,  Vice-President. 
Barbour,  James.  Mills,  Elijah  H.4 

Brown,  James.  Morrill,  David  L. 

Burrill,  James,  Jr.  Noble,  James. 

Chandler,  John.  Otis,  Harrison  Gray. 

Dana,  Samuel  W.  Palmer,  William  A. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon.  Parrott,  John  F. 

Eaton,  John  Henry.  Pinckney,  William. 

Elliott,  John.  Pleasants,  James.5 

Edwards,  Ninian.  Roberts,  Jonathan. 

Gaillard,  John.  Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Holmes,  David.l  Sanford,  Nathan. 

Holmes,  John.  Smith,  William. 

Horsey,  Outerbridge.          Southard,  Samuel  L.G 
Hunter,  William.  Stokes,  Montford. 

Johnson,  Henry.  Talbot,  Isham.7 

Johnson,  Richard  M.2.        Taylor,  Waller. 
King,  Rufus.  Thomas,  Jesse  B. 

King,  William.  Tichenor,  Isaac. 

Knight,  Nehemiah.3  Trimble,  William  A. 

Lanman,  James.  Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 

Leake,  Walter.  Walker,  Freeman.  8 

Lloyd,  Edward.  Walker.  John  W. 

Logan,  William.  Williams,  John. 

Lowrie,  WTalter.  Williams,  Thomas  H. 

Macon,  Nathaniel.  Wilson,  James  J. 

Mellen,  Preiitiss. 

1.  Elected   in   place  of   Walter   Leake,   resigned 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  John  J.  Crittc.nden,  resigned. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Burrill,  Jr.,  deceased. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Prentiss  Mellen,  resigned.     5. 
Elected  in  place  of  Jno.  W.  Epps,  resigned.    6.  Elected 
in  place  of  James  J.  Wilson,  resigned.     7.  Elected  in 
place   of  William   Logan,    resigned.     8.  Elected   in 
place  of  John  Forsythe,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 
Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 
John  W.  Taylor,  Speaker. \ 

Abbott,  Joel.  Brown,  William. 

Adams,  Benjamin.  Bryan,  Henry  H. 

Allen,  Nathaniel.  Buffem,  Joseph,  Jr. 

Allen,  Robert.  Burton,  Hutchins  G. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.  Bui-well,  William  A. 

Alexander,  Mark.  Bush,  Henry. 

Anderson,  Richard  C.  Butler,  Josiah. 

Archer,  Stevenson.  Butler,  Thomas. 

Archer,  William  S.2  Campbell,  JohnW. 

Baker,  Caleb.  Cannon,  Newton. 

Baldwin,  Henry.  Case,  Walter. 

Ball,  Williom  Lee.  Claggett,  Clifton. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.  Clark,  Robert. 

Bateman,  Ephraim.  Cobb,  Thomas  W. 

Bayley,  Thomas.  Cocke,  John. 

Beecher,  Philemon.  Cook,  Daniel  P. 

Blackledge,  William  S.3  Crawford,  Joel. 

Bloomfield,  Joseph.  Crowell,  John. 

Boden,  Andrew.  Culbreth,  Thomas. 

Brevard,  Joseph.  Culpepper,  John. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Cushman,  Joshua. 
Cuthbert,  John  A. 
Dane,  Joseph. 4 
Darliugton.  William. 
Davidson,  William. 
Dennison,  George. 
De  Witt,  Jacob  H. 
Dickinson,  John  D. 
Dowse,  Edward. 
Earle,  Elias. 
Eddy,  Samuel. 
Edwards,  Henry  "NY. 
Edwards,  Samuel. 
Edwards,  Weldon  X. 
Ervin,  James. 
Eustis,  William. 5 
Fay,  John. 
Fisher,  Charles. 
Floyd,  John. 
Folger,  Walter,  Jr. 
Foot,  Samuel  A. 
Ford,  William  D. 
Forrest,  Thomas. 
Fuller,  Timothy. 
Fullerton.  David. 
Garham,  Benjamin. 6 
Garnett,  Robert. 
Gray,  John  C.7 
Gross,  Ezra  C. 
Gross,,  Samuel. 
Guyon.  James,  Jr. 8 
Harkley,  Aaron. 
Hall,  George. 
Hall,  Thomas  H. 
Hall,  Willard. 
Hardin.  Benjamin. 
Hazard,  Nathaniel.9 
Heister,  Joseph. 
Hemphill,  Joseph. 
Hendricks,  William. 
Herrick,  Samuel. 
Hiboman,  Jacob. 
Hill,  Mark  L. 
Hobart,  Aaron.  10 
Holmes,  John. 
Hooks,  Charles. 
Hostetter,  Jacob. 
Jackson,  Edward  B.ll 
Johnson,  Francis.12 
Johnson,  James. 
Jones,  James. 
Kendall,  Jonas. 
Kent,  Joseph. 
Kinsey,  Charles. 
Kinsley,  Martin. 
Lathrop.  Samuel. 
Lincoln,  Enoch. 
Linn,  John. 
Little,  Peter. 
Livermore.  Arthur. 
Lowndes,  William. 
Lyman,  Joseph  S. 
Maclay,  William  P. 
Mallory,  Rollin  C.13 
Marchaud,  David. 
Mason,  Jonathan. 
McCoy,  William. 
McCreery,  John. 
McCullough.  Thomas  G. 
McLane,  Louis. 
McLean,  Almy. 
Meech.  Ezra. 
Meigs,  Henry. 
Merrill,  Orasmus  C. 
Metcall',  Thomas. 


Moore,  Robert. 
Moore,  Samuel. 
Moore,  Thomas  K.15 
Morton,  Marcus. 
Merrill,  Robert. 
Moseley,  Jonathan  O. 
Montgomery,  Thomas  H.16 
Murray,  John. 
Neal,  Raphael. 
Nelson,  Hugh. 
Nelson,  Jeremiah. 
Newton,  Thomas. 
Overstreet,  James. 
Parker.  James. 
Parker,  Severn  E. 
Patterson,  Thomas. 
Peck.  Harmanus. 
Phelps,  Elisha. 
Philson,  Robert. 
Pinckney,  Charles. 
Pindall,  James. 
Pitcher,  Nathaniel. 
Pleasants,  James. 
Plummer,  William. 
Quarles,  Tunstall,  Jr. 
Randolph,  John. 
Rankin,  Christopher. 
Reid,  Robert  R. 
Rhea.  John. 
Rich,'  Charles. 
Richards,  Mark. 
Richmond,  Jonathan. 
Ringgold,  Samuel. 
Robertson,  George. 
Rogers.  Thomas  J. 
Ross,  John. 
Ross,  Thomas  K. 
Sampson.  Zabdiel. 
Sawyer,  Lemuel. 
Sergeant,  John, 
Settle,  Thomas. 
Shaw,  Henry. 
Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 
Simkins.  Eldred. 
Sloan,  John. 
Slocum.  Jesse. 
Smith,  Ballard. 
Smith,  Bernard. 
Smith,  James  S. 
Smith,  Samuel. 
Smyth.  Alexander. 
Southard, Henry. 
Stevens.  .James. 
Storrs,  Henry. 
Street,  Randall  A. 
Strong,  James. 
Strong,  William. 
Strother,  George  F. 
Tarr.  Christian. 
Terrill,  William. 
Tomlinson,  Gideon. 
Tompkins,  Caleb. 
Tracey,  Albert  H. 
Trimble,  David. 
Tucker,  George. 
Tucker,  Sterling. 
Tyler,  John. 
Udree.  Daniel.  17 
14  Upham,  Nathaniel. 
Walker,  David. 
Walker,  Felix. 
Wallace,  James  M. 
Warfield,  Henry  R. 
Wendover,  Peter  H. 
Whitman,  Ezekiel. 


Williams,  Jared. 
Williams,  Lewis. 


Wood,  Silas. 


1.  Elected  Speaker  in  place  of  Henry  Clay,  re 
signed.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Pleasants, 
resigned.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  Jesse  Slocum,  de 
ceased.  4.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Holmes,  elected 
Senator.  5.  Elected  in  place  of  Edward  Dowse,  re 
signed.  6.  Elected  in  place  of  Jonathan  Mason,  re 
signed.  7.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Johnson, 
resigned.  8.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of 
Ebsnezer  Sage.  9.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Burrill, 
elected  Senator.  10.  Elected  in  place  of  Zabdiel 
Sampson,  resigned.  11.  Elected  in  place  of  James 
Pindell,  resigned.  12.  Elected  in  place  of  David 
Walker,  deceased.  13.  Successfully  contested  the 
election  of  Orasmus  C.  Merrill.  14.  Elected  in  place 
of  David  Fullerton,  resigned.  15.  Elfcted  in  place 
of  George  F.  Strother,  resigned.  16.  Elected  in  place 
of  Tunstall  Quarles,  Jr.,  resigned.  17.  Elected  in 
place  of  Joseph  Heister,  resigned. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bates,  James  Wordson.       Sibley,  Solomon.  1 
Scott,  John.  Woodbridge,  William  W. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  W.  Woodbridge,  resigned. 
THE  SEVENTEENTH   CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 
Daniel  D.  Tompkiiis,   Vice-President. 


Barbour,  James. 
Barton,  David. 
Beii ton.  Thomas  H. 
Boardman,  Elijah. 
Brown,  Ethan  A.I 
Brown,  James. 
Chandler.  John. 
D'Wolfe,  James. 
Dickerson,  Mahlon. 
Eaton,  JohnH. 
Edwards,  Neiiian. 
Elliott,  John. 
Findley,  William. 
Gaillard,  John. 
Holmes,  David. 
Holmes,  John. 
Johnson,  Henry. 
Johnson.  Richard  M. 
Kelly,  William.2 
King,  Rufus. 
King,  William  R. 
Knight,  Neheiniah. 
Lanmau,  James. 
Lloyd,  Edward. 
Lloyd,  James.3 


Mills,  Elijah  H. 
M  orrill,  David  L. 
Noble,  James, 
Otis,  Harrison,  Gray. 
Palmer,  William  A. 
Parrott,  John  F. 
Pinckney,  William. 
Pleasants,  James. 
Rodney,  Caesar  A. 
Ruggles,  Benjamin. 
Seymour,  Horatio. 
Smith,  Samuel. 4 
Smith,  William. 
Southard,  Samuel  L. 
Stokes,  Montford. 
Talbot,  Isham. 
Taylor,  John.5 
Taylor,  Walter. 
Thomas,  Jesse  B. 
Trimble,  William  A. 
Van  Buren,  Martin. 
Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 
Walker,  John  W. 
Ware,  Nicholas.  6 
Williams,  John  H. 
Williams,  Thomas  H. 


Lourie,  Walter. 
Macon  Nathaniel. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  William  A.  Trimble,  de 
ceased.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  John  W.  Walker, 
resigned.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  Harrison  G.  Otis, 
resigned.  4.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Pinckney, 
deceased.  5.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Pleasants, 
resigned.  6.  Elected  in  place  of  Freeman  Walker, 
resigned. 

REPBESENTATIVES. 

Philip  P.  Barbour,  Speaker. 

Barbour,  Philip  P. 
Bassett,  Burwell. 
Barstou,  Gideon. 


Abbott,  Joel. 
Alexander,  Mark. 
Allen,  Robert. 
Allen,  Samuel  C. 
Archer,  William  S. 
Ball,  William  Lee. 
Baldwin,  Henry. 
Barber,  Noyes. 
Barber,  Levi. 


Bateman,  Ephraim. 
Bayliss,  Francis. 
Bayley,  Thomas. 
Bigelow,  Lewis. 
Blackledge,  William  3. 
Blair,  James. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Borland,  Charles.  1 

Lathrop,  Samuel. 

Stoddard,  Ebenezer.            Van  Wyck,  William  W. 

Brecken  ridge,  James  D. 

Leftwich,  Jabez. 

Swan,  Samuel.                     Walker,  Felix. 

Brown,  John. 

Lincoln,  Enoch. 

Tattnall,  Edward  F.           Walworth,  Reuben  H. 

Bryan,  Henry.  2 

Litchtield,  Elisha. 

Taylor,  John  W.                  Warfield,  Henry  R. 

Buchannan,  James. 

Little,  Peter. 

Thompson,  Wiley.               Whipple,  Thomas,  Jr. 

Burton,  Hutchins  G. 

Long,  John. 

Todcl,  John.                          White,  Phineas. 

Burrows,  Daniel. 

Lowndes,  William. 

Tomlinson,  Gideon.             Whitman,  Ezekiel. 

Butler,  Josiah. 

Mallory,  Rollin  C. 

Tracy,  Albert  H.                   Williams,  Jared. 

Gambreleng,  Churchill  C. 

Matlack,  James. 

Trimble,  David.                   Williams,  Lewis. 

Campbell,  John  W. 

Matson,  Aaron. 

Tucker,  George.                   Williams,  William  D. 

Campbell,  Samuel. 

Mattocks,  John. 

Tucker,  Sterling.                  Wilson,  John. 

Cannon,  Newton. 

McCarthy,  Richard. 

Udree,  Daniel.  17                 Wood,  Silas. 

Carter,  John.  3 

McCoy,  William. 

Upham,  Nathaniel.              Woodcock,  David. 

Cassedy,  George. 

McDufrie,  George. 

Vance,  John.                        Woodson.  Samuel  II. 

Causden,  Jeremiah. 

McKim,  Isaac.  12 

Van  Rensselaer,  Solomon.  Worman,  Ludwig. 

Chambers,  David. 

McLane,  Louis. 

Van  Rensselaer,Stephen.     Wright,  Robert. 

Cocke,  John. 

McNeil,  Archibald. 

Van  Swearingen,  Thomas. 

Golden,  Cadwallader  D.4 

McSherry,  .Tames. 

1.    Elected  in  place  of    Selah  Tuthill,    deceased. 

Condit,  Lewis. 

Mercer,  Charles  F. 

2.  Regularly  elected  but  appears  never  to  have  taken 

Conkling,  Alfred. 

Metcalf,  Thomas. 

his  seat.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Blair,  resigned. 

Connor,  Henry. 

Milnor,  William. 

4.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  Peter  Sharpe. 

Cook,  Daniel  P. 

Mitchell,  James  S. 

5.   Elected  in  place   of    William    Milner,    resigned. 

Crafts,  Samuel  C. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Baldwin,  resigned.     7. 

Crudup,  Henry. 

Montgomery,  Thomas. 

Elected  in  place  of  James  Overstreet,  deceased.     8. 

Cushuian,  Joshua. 

Moore,  Gabriel. 

Elected  in   place  of    William    Lowndes,    resigned. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred. 

Moore,  Samuel. 

9.  Elected  in  place  of  Ezekiel  Whitman,  resigned. 

Dane,  Joseph. 

Moore,  Thomas  L. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Moore,  resigned.     11. 

Darlington,  William. 

Morgan,  John  J. 

Elected   in   place   of  William  Hendricks,  resigned. 

Dennison,  George. 

Murray,  Thomas  Jr. 

12.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  Smith,  elected   Sen 

Dickerson,  John  T). 

Neal,  Raphael. 

ator.     13.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  Jere 

Durfee,  Job. 

Nelson,  Hugh. 

miah   Causden.     14.  Elected    Senator.     15.  Elected 

Dwight,  Henry  W. 

Nelson,  Jeremiah. 

in  place  of  Caesar  A.  Rodney,  elected  Senator.     Ifi. 

Erdy,  Samuel. 

Nelson,  John. 

Elected   in   place    of  Ludwig    Worman,    deceased. 

Edwards,  Henry  W. 

New,  Anthony. 

17.    Elected   in  place  of  Solomon  Van   Rensselaer, 

Edwards,  Samuel. 

Newton,  Thomas. 

resigned. 

Edwards,  Weldou  N. 

Overstreet,  James. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Eust  s,  William. 
Farrelly,  Patrick. 

Patterson,  Thomas. 
Patterson,  Walter. 

Bates,  James  W.                  Sibley,  Solomon. 
Hernandez,  Joseph  M. 

Findley,  John. 

Phillips,  John. 

Floyd,  John. 
Forrest,  Thomas.  5 

Pierson,  Jeremiah  II. 
Pitcher,  Nathaniel. 

THE  EIGHTEENTH  CONGRESS. 

Forward,  Walter.  6 

Plummer,  George. 

SENATORS. 

Fuller,  Timothy. 

Plumrner,  William,  .Jr. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Vice-President. 

Garnett,  Robert  S. 

Poinsett,  Joel  R. 

Barbour,  James.                   King,  Rufus. 

Gebhard,  John. 

Randolph,  John. 

Barton,  David.                      King,  William  R, 

Gilmer,  George  R. 

Rankin,  Christopher. 

Bell,  Samuel.                        Knight,  Nehemiah. 

Gist,  James. 

Reed,  John. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.             Lanman,  James. 

Qorham,  Benjamin. 

Reed,  Philip.13 

Bouligney,  Dominique.  I     Lloyd,  Edward. 

Govau,  Andrew  G.7 

Reid,  Robert  R. 

Branch,  John.                       Lloyd,  James. 

Gross,  Samuel. 

Rhea,  John. 

Brown,  Ethan  Allen.          Lourie,  Walter. 

Hall,  John  H. 

Rich,  Charles. 

Brown,  James.                     Macon,  Nathaniel. 

Hamilton,  James  W.8 
Hardin,  Benjamin. 

Rochester,  William  B. 
Rodney,  Caesar  A.  14 

Chandler,  John.                   Mcllvaine,yoseph.6 
Clayton,  Thomas.2               McLean.  John.7 

Harris,  Mark.  9 

Rodney,  John.  15 

Cobb,  Thomas  W.3              Mills,  Elijah  Hunt. 

Harvey,  Mathew. 

Rogers,  Thomas  J. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon.              Noble,  James. 

Hawkes,  John. 

Ross,  Thomas  R. 

De  Wolfe,  James.                 Palmer.  William  A. 

Hi'inphill,  Joseph. 

Ruggles,  Charles  H. 

Eaton,  John  II.                      Parrott,  John  F. 

Hendricks,  William. 

Russ,  John. 

Edwards,  Henry  W.4          Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

H^iTtck,  Ebenezer. 

Russell,  Jonathan. 

Edwards,  Ninian.                Seymour,  Horatio. 

Hill,  MarkL. 

Sanders,  Romulus. 

Elliott,  John.                        Smith,  Samuel. 

Hobart,  Aaron. 

Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

Findley,  William.                Talbot,  Isham. 

Holcomb,  George. 

Scott,  John. 

Gaillard,  John.                      Taylor,  John. 

Hooks,  Charles. 

Sergeant,  John. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.                Taylor,  Walter. 

Hubbard,  Thomas  H. 

Sloan,  John. 

Holmes,  David.                    Ta'zewell,  Littleton  W.8 

Ingham,  Samuel  D.10 

Stewart.  Andrew. 

Holmes,  John.                      Thomas,  Jesse  B. 

Ja-kson.  Edward  B. 

Smith,  Arthur. 

Jackson,  Andrew.                Van  Dyke.  Nicholas. 

Jennirgi.  Jonathan.  11 

Smith.  .John  S. 

Johnson,  Henry.                   Van  Buren,  Martin. 

Johnson,  Francis. 

Smith,  Samuel. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.           Ware,  Nicholas. 

Johnson,  John  T. 

Smith,  William. 

Johnston,  Josiah  S.  5          Williams,  Thomas  H. 

Johnson,  Josiah  S. 

Smyth,  Alexander. 

Kelly,  William. 

.Jones,   Francis. 
Jones,  .James. 
Kent,  Joseph. 

Spencer,  Elijah. 
Sterling.  Ansel. 
Sterling.  Micah. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Johnson,   resigned. 
2.  Elected   in  place  of  Caesar  A.  Rodney,   resigned. 
3.  Elected    in    place    of   Nicholas   Ware,    deceased. 

Keys,  Elias. 
Kirkland,  Joseph. 

Stevenson,  Alexander. 
Stevenson,  James.  16 

4.  Elected  in   place  of  Elijah  Board  in  an,   deceased. 
5.  Elected    in    place    of    James     Brown,    resigned. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


6.  Elected  in  place  of  Samuel  L.  Southard,  resigned. 

Newton,  Thomas.                 Taliaferro,  John.  6 

7.  Elected   in  place  of   Ninian   Edwards,   resigned. 
8.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Taylor,  deceased. 

O'Brien,  Jeremiah.              Tattuall,  Edward  T. 
Olin,  Henry.  4                        Taylor,  John  W. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Outlaw,  George.  5                 Ten  Eyck,  Egbert. 
Owen,  George  W.                 Test,  John. 

Henry  Clay,  Speaker. 

Patterson,  John.                   Thompson,  Philip. 

Abbott,  Joel.                        Garrison,  Daniel. 

Patterson,  Thomas.             Thompson,  WTiley. 

Adams,  Parmenio.l             Gatlin.  Alfred  M. 

Plummer,  George.                Thomson,  Alexander.7 

Alexander.  Adam  R.           Govan,  Andrew  R. 

Plununer,  William,  Jr.       Todd,  John. 

Alexander,  Mark.                 Gazlay,  James  W. 

Poinsett,  Joel  R.                  Tonilinson.  Gideon. 

Allen,  Robert.                      Gist,  Joseph. 

Prince,  William.                  Tracy,  Albert  H. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.                  Gurley,  H.  H. 

Randolph,  John.                   Trimble,  David. 

Allison,  James.                    Hall,  Thomas  H. 

Rankin,  Christopher.           Tucker,  Starling. 

Archer,  William  S.              Hamilton,  James,  Jr. 

Reed,  John.                          Tyson,  Jacob. 

Bailey,  John.                        Harris,  Robert. 

Reynolds,  James  B.             Udree,  Daniel. 

Ball,  William  Lee.              Harvey,  Mathew. 

Rich,  Charles.                       Vance,  Joseph. 

Barber,  Noyes.                     Hayden,  Moses. 

Richards,  John.                    Vance,  Robert  B. 

Barbour,  John  S.                  Hayward,  William  Jr. 

Rives,  William  C.                Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.               Hemphill,  Joseph. 

Rogers,  Thomas  J.               Van  Wyck,  William. 

Bartlett,  Ichabod.                Henry,  Robert  P. 

Rose,  Robert  S.                     Vinton,  Samuel  T. 

Bartley,  Mordecai.               Herkimer,  John. 

Ross,  Thomas  R.                  Warfield,  Henry  B. 

Bassett,  Burwelli                 Herrick,  Ebenezer. 

Sandford,  Joseph  T.             Wayne,  Isaac. 

Baylies,  Francis.                  Hobart,  Aaron. 

Saunders,  Romulus  M.        Webster,  Daniel. 

Beecher,  Philemon.             Hogeboom,  James  L. 

Scott,  John.                           Whipple,  Thomas. 

Blair,  John.                          Holcombe,  George. 

Sharpe,  Peter.                       White,  David. 

Bradley,  William  C.            Hooks,  Charles. 

Sibley,  Jonas.                       Whitlesey,  Elisha. 

Breck,  Samuel.                     Houston,  Samuel. 

Sloane,  Joseph.                     Whitman,  Samuel. 

Brent,  William  L.                Ingham,  Samuel  D. 

Smith,  Arthur.                     Wickliffe,  Charles  A. 

Brown,  John.                        Isaacs,  Jacob  C. 

Smith,  William.                   Wilde,  Richard  Henry.  8 

Buchanan,  James.               Jenkins,  Lemuel. 

Smyth,  Alexander.              Williams,  Isaac. 

Buck,  Daniel  A.  A.             Jennings,  Jonathan. 

Spaight,  Richard  D.            Williams,  Jared. 

Buckner,  Richard  A.           Johnson  Francis. 

Spenee,  John  S.                    Williams,  Lewis. 

Burleigh,  William.               Johnson,  John  T. 

Standefer,  James.                 Wilson,  Henry. 

Burton,  Hutchins  G.           Johnson,  Joseph. 

Sterling,  Ansel.                    Wilson,  Isaac. 

Cady.  John  N.                      Kent,  Joseph. 

Stevenson,  Andrew.             Wilson,  James. 

Call,  Jacob.  2                        Kidder,  David. 

Stevenson,  James.                Wilson,  John. 

Cambreleng,  Churchill  C.   Kreamer,  George. 

Stodd.ard,  Ebenezer.            Wilson,  William. 

Campbell,  John  W.             Lathrop,  Samuel. 

Storrs,  Henry  R.                   V*  ood,  Silas. 

Campbell.  Robert  B.            Lawrence,  Samuel. 

Strong,  James.                      Woods,  William. 

Carey,  George.                      Lee,  John. 

Stewart,  Andrew.                 Wolfe,  George.  9 

Carter,  John.                        Leftwitch,  Jabez. 

Swan,  Samuel.                      Wright,  John  C. 

Cassedy,  George.                  Letcher,  Robert  P. 

1  .  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  Isaac  Williams. 

Clark,  Lot.                             Lincoln,  Enoch. 

2.  Elected   in   place  of   William    Prince,   deceased. 

Cobb,  Thomas  W.3              Litchfield,  Elisha. 

3.  Elected  Senator  in  place  of  Michael  Ware,   de 

Cocke,  John.                         Little,  Peter. 

ceased.     4.  Elected   in   place   of   Charles   Rich,    de 

Collins,  Ela.                          Livermore,  Arthur. 

ceased.     5.  Elected  in  place  of  Hutchins  G.  Barton, 

Condit,  Lewis.                      Livingston,  Edward. 

resigned.     6.  Elected   in    place   of   John   Todd,    re 

Connor,  Henry  W.               Locke,  John. 

signed.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Lee  Ball, 

Cook,  Daniel  P.                   Long,  John. 

deceased.     8.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  W.  Cobb, 

Crafts,  Samuel  C.                 Longfellow,  Stephen. 

elected  Senator.     9.  Elected   in  place  of  Thomas  J. 

Craig,  Hector.                       Mallory,  Rollin  C. 

Rogers,  resigned. 

Crowninshield,  Benj.  W.    Mangum,  Willie  P. 
Culpepper,  John.                  Marion,  Dudley. 

Terriiorial  Delegates. 
3all,  Richard  K.                  Richards.  Gabriel. 

Cushman,  Joshua.               Markly,  PhilipS. 

Conway,  Henry  W. 

Cnthbert,  Alfred.                 Martiudale,  Henry  C. 

Day,  Roland.                        Matlack,  James. 

THE  NINETEENTH  CONGRESS. 

Durfee,  Job.                          Matson,  Aaron. 

Dwight,  Henry  W.              McArthur,  Duncan. 

SENATORS. 

Dwinell,  Justin.                   McCoy,  William. 

John  C.  Calhoun,   Vice-President. 

Eaton,  Lewis.                       McDuffie,  George. 

Barbour,  James.                   Eaton,  John  H. 

Eddy,  Samuel.                     McKean,  Samuel. 

Barton,  David.                     Edwards,  Henry  W. 

Edwards,  Samuel.               McKee,  John. 

Bateman,  Ephraim.1           Ellis,  Powhattan.3 

Edwards,  Weldon  M.           McKim,  Isaac. 

Bell,  Samuel.                        Findley,  William. 

Ellis,  William  Cox.             McLane,  Louis. 

Berrian,  JohnMcPherson.  Gaillard,  .John. 

Farrelly,  Patrick.                 McLane,  William. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.             Harper,  WTilliam.4 

Findley,  John.                     Mercer,  Charles  F. 

Bouligney,  Dominique.      Harrison,  William  H. 

Floyd,  John.                         Metcalf,  Thomas. 

Branch,  John.                      Hayne,  Robert  Y. 

Foote,  Charles  A.                 Miller,  David  H. 

Chambers,  Ezekiel.2           Hendricks,  William. 

Foote,  Samuel  A.                 Mitchell,  George  E. 

Chambers,  Henry.               Holmes,  David. 

Forsyth,  John.                      Mitchell,  James  S. 

Chandler,  John.                   Holmes,  John. 

Forward,  Walter.                 Moore,  Gabriel  P. 

Chase,  Dudley.                    Jackson,  Andrew. 

Frost,  Joel.                            Moore,  Thomas  P. 

Clayton,  Thomas.                Johnson,  Richard  M. 

Fuller,  Timothy.                  Morgan,  John  J. 

Cobb,  Thomas  W.                 Johnston,  Josiah  S. 

Gaillard,  John.                    Neal,  Raphael. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon.             Kane,  Elias  K. 

Garrett,  Robert  S.                Nelson,  Jeremiah. 

D'  Wolfe,  James.                   King,  William  R. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Knight.  Xehemiah  R.         Rowan,  John. 

Hasbrouck.  Abraham 

B.     Moore,  Thomas  P. 

Lloyd,  Edward.                    Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Havden,  Moses. 

Newton,  Thomas. 

Lloyd,  James.                      Sanford,  Nathan. 

Haynes,  Charles  E. 

O'Brien,  Jeremiah. 

Macon,  Nathaniel.5             Seymour,  Horatio. 

Healey,  Joseph. 

Orr,  Robert. 

Marks,  William.                 Silsbee,  Nathaniel.  13 

Hemphill,  James. 

Owen,  George  W. 

Mcllvane,  Joseph.               Smith,  Samuel. 

Henry,  John  F.4 

Pearce,  Duttee  J. 

McKinley,  John.6               Smith,  William.  14 

Henry,  Robert  P. 

Peter,  George. 

Mills,  Elijah  H.                   Tazewell,  Littleton. 

Herrick,  Ebenezer. 

Phillips,  Elisha. 

Noble,  James.                      Thomas,  Jesse  B. 

Hines,  Richard. 

Plummer,  George. 

Pickens,  Israel.  7                 Van  Buren,  Martin. 

Hobart,  Aaron. 

Polk,  James  K. 

Randolph,  John.8               Van  Dyke,  Nicholas. 

Hoffman,  Michael. 

Porter,  Timothy  H. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.9               White,  Hugh  Lawson.15 

Holcomb,  George. 

Powell,  Alfred  H. 

Ridgely,  Henry  M.10         Willey,  Calvin.  16 

Holmes,  Gabriel. 

Rankin,  Christopher. 

Robbins,  Ashur.ll              Williams,  Thomas  H. 

Houston,  Samuel. 

Reed,  John. 

Rodney,  Daniel.  12              Woodbury,  Levi. 

Huguntn,  David,  Jr. 

Ripley,  James  W.8 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Joseph  Mcllvane,  deceased. 

Humphrey,  Charles. 

Rives,  William  C. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Edward  Lloyd,  resigned.     3. 

Ingersoll,  Ralph  J. 

Rose,  Robert  S. 

Appointed  in  place  of  David  Holmes,   resigned.     4. 

Ingham,  Samuel  D. 

Ross,  Henry  H. 

Appointed    in    place   of  John    Gaillard,    deceased. 

Isaacks,  Jacob  C. 

Sands,  Joshua. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  Willie  P.  Mangum,  resigned. 
6.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Chambers,    deceased. 

Jennings,  David. 
Jennings,  Jonathan. 

Saunders,  Romulus  M. 
Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

7.  Appointed  in  place  of  Henry  Chambers,  deceased. 

Johnson,  Francis. 

Scott,  John. 

8.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Barbour,  resigned.     9. 

Johnson,  James. 

Shannon,  Thorn  as.  9 

Elected    in  place  of  David  Holmes,    resigned.     10. 

Johnson,  Jeromus. 

Sill,  Thomas  H.10 

Elected  in  place  of  Nicholas  Van  Dyke,  deceased. 

Johnson,  Joseph. 

Sloane,  John. 

11.  Elected  in  place  of  James   D'Wolfe,   resigned. 

Kellogg,  Charles. 

Smith,  William. 

12.  Appointed  in  place  of  Nicholas  Van  Dyke,  de 

Kent,  Joseph. 

Sprague,  Peleg. 

ceased.      13.    Elected    in    place    of   James    Lloyd, 

Kerr,  John  Leeds. 

Stevenson,  Andrew. 

resigned.      14.    Elected  in  place  of  John   Gaillard, 

Kidder.  David, 

Stevenson,  James  S. 

deceased.     15.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Jackson, 

Kittera,  Thomas.  5 

Storrs,  Henry  R. 

resigned.     16.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Lanman, 

Krebs,  Jacob.  6 

Strong,  James. 

appointed  during  recess  of  the  Legislature  but  whom 
the  Senate  declared  not  entitled  to  a  seat. 

Kremer,  George. 
Lathrop,  Samuel. 

Stewart,  Andrew. 
Swan,  Samuel. 

Lawrence,  Josep*h. 

Talliaferro,  John. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Lecompte,  Joseph. 

Tattnall,  Edward  F. 

John   W.  Taylor,  Speaker. 

Letcher,  Robert  P. 

Taylor,  Robert. 

Adams,  Parmenio.               Cassedy,  George. 

Lincoln,  Enoch. 

Ten  Eyck,  Egbert. 

Adams,  William.                 Claiborne,  Nathaniel  It. 

Little,  Peter. 

Test,  John. 

Alexander,  Adam  R.           Clark,  James. 

Livingston,  Edward. 

Thompson,  John. 

Alexander,  Mark.                Cocke,  John. 

Locke,  John. 

Thompson,  Wiley. 

Allen,  Robert.                      Condit.  Lewis. 

Long,  John. 

Thomson,  Alexander. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.                  Connor,  Henry  W. 

Mallory,  Rollin  C. 

Tomlinson,  Gido-m. 

Alston,  Willis.                      Cook,  Daniel  P. 

Mangum,  Willie  P. 

Trezrant,  John. 

Anderson,  John.                   Crowninshield,  Benj.  W. 

Marable,  John  1  1. 

Trimble,  David. 

Angel,  William  G.               Crump,  George  W. 

Markell,  Henry. 

Tucker,  Ebenez(  r. 

Archer,  William  S.             Cuthbert,  Alfred. 

Markley,  Philip  S. 

Tucker,  Starling. 

Armstrong,  William            Davenport,  Thomas. 

Martin,  Robert  N. 

Vance,  Joseph. 

Ashley,  Henry.                    Davis,  John. 

Martindale,  Henry  C. 

Van  Horn,  Espy. 

Badger,  Luther.                    Deitz,  William. 

Mattocks,  John. 

Van  Rensselaer,  Stephen. 

Bailey,  John.                       Dorsev,  Clement, 

Marvin,  Dudley. 

Varnum,  John. 

Baldwin,  John.                     Drayton,  William. 

McCoy,  William. 

Verplank,  Guliau  C. 

Barber,  Noyes.                       Dwight,  Henry  W. 

McDuffie,  George. 

Vinton,  Samuel  F. 

Barbour,  John  S.                 Eastman,  Nehemiah. 

McHatton,  Robert.7 

Ward,  Aaron. 

Barney,  John                        Edwards,  Samuel. 

McKean,  Samuel. 

Waters,  George  E. 

Barringer,  Daniel   L.I         Edwards,  Welden,  N. 

McKee,  John. 

Webster,  Daniel. 

Bartlett,  Ichabod.                 Estil,  Benjamin. 

McLane,  Louis. 

Weems,  John  C.ll 

Hartley,  Mordecai.               Everett,  Edward. 

McLean.  William. 

Whipple,  Thomas,  Jr. 

Bassett,  Harwell.                Farrelly,  Patrick. 

McManus,  William. 

White,  Barton. 

Baylies,  Francis.                  Findlay,  James. 

McNeil,  Archibald. 

Whittemore   Elisha. 

Beecher,  Philemon.             Findlay,  John 

Meech,  Ezra. 

Whittlesey,  Elisha. 

Blair,  John.                          Floyd,  John. 

Mercer,  Charles  F. 

Wickliffe,  Charles  A. 

Boone,  Ratliffe.                     Forsyth,  John. 

Merriwether,  James. 

Williams,  Lewis. 

Bradley,  William  C.            Forward,  Chavmcov  2 

Merwin,  Orange. 

Wilson,  Henry. 

Brent,  William  L.                Fosdick,  Nicoll.    ' 

Metcalf,  Thomas. 

Wilson.  James. 

Brown,  Titus.                      Garnett,  Robert  S. 

Miller,  Daniel  H. 

Wilson,  John. 

Bryan,  John  K.                   Garrison,  Daniel. 

Miller,  John. 

Wilson,  William. 

Buchanan,  James.                Garnsey,  Daniel  G 

Mitchell,  George  E. 

Wolf,  George. 

Buckner,  Richard  A.           Gist,  Joseph. 

Mitchell,  James  C. 

Wood,  Silas. 

Burgess,  Tristam.                 Govan,  Andrew  G 

Mitchell,  James  S. 

WToods,  John. 

Burleigh,  William.              Gurley,  Henry  H 

Mitchell,  John. 

Worthington,  Thomas  C. 

Cambreleng,  Churchill  C.  Haile,   William  3 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R. 

Wright,  John  C. 

Campbell,  John  W.             Hallock,  John. 

Miner,  Charles. 

Wurtz,  John. 

Carey,  George.                       Hamilton,  James. 

Moore,  Gabriel. 

Younar.  William  S. 

Carson,  Samuel  P.                Harris,  Robert 
barter.  John.                         Harvey,  Jonathan 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Willie  P.  Mangum,  resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Thomson,  resigned. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


3.  Elected  in  place  of  Christopher  Rankin,  deceased. 

Chambers,  John.l 

Markell,  Henry. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Robert  P.  Henry,  deceased. 

Chase,  Samuel. 

Martin,  William  D. 

5.   Elected  in   place  of  Joseph  Hemphill,  resigned. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel  H. 

Martindale,  Henry  C. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Wilson,   deceased.     7. 

Clark,  James. 

Marvin,  Dudley. 

Elected   in  place  of  James  Johnson,    deceased.     8. 

Clark,  John  C. 

Maxwell,  Lewis. 

Elected     in     place    of   Enoch     Lincoln,     resigned. 

Condict,  Lewis. 

Maynard,  John. 

9.   Elected   in  place  of  David   Jennings,    resigned. 

Connor,  Henry  W. 

McCoy,  William. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  Patrick  Farrelly,  deceased. 

Coulter,  Richard. 

McDuffie,  George. 

11.  Elected  in  place  of  Joseph  Kent,  resigned. 

Crockett,  David. 

McHatton,  Robert. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Creighton,  William,  Jr. 

Mclntire,  Rufus. 

Con  way,  Henry  W.             Wing,  Austin  E. 
White,  Joseph  M. 

Jrowninshield,  Benj.  W. 
Dulpepper,  John. 
Daniel,  Henry. 

McKean,  Samuel. 
McKee,  John. 
McLean,  William. 

THE  TWENTIETH  CONGRESS. 

Davenport,  John. 

Metcalf,  Thomas. 

SEX  \TORS 

Davenport,  Thomas. 

Mercer,  Charles  F. 

Davis,  John. 

Merwin,  Orange. 

John  C.  Cxlhoun,  Vice-  President. 

Davis,  Warren,  K. 

Miller,  Daniel  H. 

Bateman,  Epliraim.             Knight,  Nehemiah  R. 

De  Graff,  John  T. 

Miner,  Charles. 

Barnard,  Isaac.                    Macon  Nathaniel. 

Desha,  Robert. 

Mitchell,  James  C. 

Barton,  David.                     Marks,  William. 

Dickinson,  John  D. 

Mitchell,  John. 

Bell,  Samuel.             .           McKinley,  John. 

Dorsey,  Clement. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  R. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.             McLane,  Louis. 

Dray  ton,  William. 

Moore,  Gabriel. 

Berrian,  John  McPherson.  Xoble,  James, 

Duncan,  Joseph. 

Moore,  Thomas  1". 

Bouligney,  Dominique.       Parris,  Albion  K. 

Dwight,  Henry  W. 

Muhlenberg,  Fred  F.3 

Branch,  John.                       Prince,  Oliver  H.6 

Earll,  Jonas. 

Newton,  Thomas. 

Burnett,  Jacob.  1                  Ridgeley,  Henry  M. 

Everett,  Edward. 

Nuckolls,  William  T. 

Chambers,  Ezekiel  F.          Robbins,  Asa. 

Findlay,  James. 

Oakley,  Thomas  J. 

Chandler.  John.                   Rowan,  John. 

Floyd,  John. 

O'Brien,  Jeremiah. 

Chase,  Dudley.                     Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Floyd,  John. 

Orr,  Robert.  Jr. 

Cobb,  Thomas  W.                Sanford,  Nathan. 

Foot,  Tomlinson. 

Owen,  George  W. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon.2           Seymour,  Horatio. 

Forward,  Chauncey. 

Pearce,  DutteeJ. 

Dudley,  Charles  E.3            Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 

Fry,  James,  Jr. 

Phillips,  Elisha. 

Eaton.  John  H.                    Smith,  Samuel. 

Gale,  Levin. 

Pierson,  Isaac. 

Ellis,  Powhattan.                Smith,  William. 

Garnsey,  Daniel  E. 

Plant,  David. 

Foot,  Samuel.                       Tazewell,  Littleton. 

Garrow,  Nathaniel. 

Polk,  James  K. 

Harrison,  William  H.         Thomas,  Jesse  B. 

Gilmer,  George  R. 

Ramsey,  William. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.                Tyler,  John. 

Gorhain,  Benjamin. 

Randolph,  James  F.4. 

Hendricks,  William.           Van  Buren,  Martin. 

Green,  James. 

Randolph,  John. 

Holmes,  John.  4                    Webster,  Daniel. 

Gurley,  Henry-  H. 

Reed,  John. 

Iredell,  James.  5                  White,  Hugh  Lawson. 

Hails,  William. 

Richardson,  Joseph. 

Johnson,  Richard  M.           Willey,  Calvin. 

Hall,  Thomas  H. 

Ripley,  James  W. 

Johnston,  Josiah  S.             Williams,  Thomas  H. 

Hallock,  John. 

Rives,  William  C. 

Kane,  Elias  K.                     Woodbury,  Levi. 

Hamilton,  James.  Jr. 

Roane,  John. 

King,  William  R. 

Harvey,  Jonathan. 

Russell,  William. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  H.  Harrison,  resigned. 

Haynes,  Charles  E. 

Sawyer,  Lemuel. 

2.  Resigned,  and  was  elected  in  place  of  Ephraim 
Bateman,  resigned.     3.  Elected  in  place  of  Martin 
Van  Buren,  resigned.     4.  Elected  in  place  of  Albion 
K.  Parris,  resigned.     5.  Elected  in  place  of  Nathaniel 
Macon,  resigned.     6.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  W. 
Cobb,  resigned. 

Healy,  Joseph. 
Hinds,  Thomas.  2 
Hobbie,  Selah  R. 
Hodges,  James  L. 
Hoffman,  Michael. 
Holcomb,  George. 
Holmes,  Gabriel. 

Sergeant,  John. 
Sheppard,  Augustine  FL 
Sinnickson,  Thomas.  5 
Sloane,  John. 
Slower,  John  G. 
Smith,  Oliver  H. 
Smyth,  Alexander. 

REPEESENTATIVES. 

Hunt,  Jonathan. 

Sprague,  Peleg. 

Andrew  Stevenson,  Speaker. 

Ingham,  Samuel  D. 

Sprigg,  Michael  C. 

Adams,  William.                 Bassett,  Burwell. 

Ingersoll,  Ralph  J. 

Stanberg,  William. 

Alexander,  Mark.                Bates,  Edward. 

Isaacs,  Jacob  C. 

Steregere,  John  B. 

Alleu,  Robert.                      Bates,  Isaac  C. 

Jennings,  Jonathan. 

Stevenson,  Josephs. 

Allen,  Samuel  C.                  Beecher,  Philemon. 

Kerr,  John  Leeds. 

Stewart,  Andrew. 

Alston,  Willis.                      Belden,  George  O. 

Keese,  Richard. 

Storrs,  Henry  R. 

Anderson,  John.                   Bell,  John. 

King,  Adam. 

Strong,  James. 

Anderson.  Samuel.              Blair,  John. 

Kreamer,  George. 

Sutherland,  John. 

Archer,  William  S.              Blake,  Thomas  H. 

Lawrence,  Joseph. 

Swan,  Samuel. 

Armstrong,  William.           Brent,  William  L. 

Lea,  Pryor. 

Swift,  Benjamin. 

Bailey,  John.                        Brown,  Titus. 

Leffler,  Isaac. 

Taber,  Thomas?.  2<1.6 

Baldwin,  John.                     Bryan,  John  H. 

Lecompte,  Joseph. 

Talliaferro,  John. 

Barber,  Noyes.                      Buchanan,  James. 

Letcher,  Robert  P. 

Taylor,  John  W. 

Barbour.  John  S.                   Buck,  Daniel  A.  A. 

Little,  Peter. 

Thompson,  Hodge. 

Barbour,  Philip  P.               Buckner,  Richard  A. 

Livingston,  Edward. 

Thompson,  Wiley. 

Barker,  David,  Jr.               Bunner,  Rudolph. 

Locke,  John. 

Tracey,  Phineas  L 

Barlow,  Stephen.                  Burges,  Tristam. 

Long,  John. 

Trezvant,  John. 

Barnard,  Daniel  D.              Butman,  Samuel. 

Lumpkin,  Wilson. 

Tucker,  Ebenezer. 

Barney,  John.                       Cambreleng,  C.  C. 

Lyon,  Chittenden. 

Tucker,  Starling. 

Barringer.  Daniel  L.            Carter,  John. 

Magee,  John. 

Turner,  Daniel. 

Bartlett,  Ichabod.                Carson,  Samuel  P. 

Marable,  John  H. 

Vance,  Joseph. 

Bartley,  Mordecai.               C'hilton.  Thomas. 

Mallory,  Rollin  C. 

Van  Horn,  Eapy. 

xl 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Vau  Rensselaer,  Stephen.    Williams,  Lewis. 

Baylor,  Robert  E.  B. 

Grennell,  George,  Jr. 

»Varnum,  John.                     Wilson,  Ephraim. 

Beckman,  Thomas. 

Gurley,  Henry  M. 

Verplank,  Gulian  C.            Wilson,  James. 

Bell,  John. 

Hall,  Thomas  H. 

Vinton,  Samuel  F.               Wingate,  Joseph  F. 

Blair,  James. 

Halsey,  Jehiel. 

Wales.  George  E.                Wolfe,  George. 

Blair,  John. 

Hammons,  Joseph. 

Ward,  Aaron.                        Wood,  John,  Jr. 

Bocker,  Abraham. 

Harvey,  Jonathan. 

Washington,  George  C.       Wood,  Silas. 

Boone,  Ratliffe. 

Haynes,  Charles  E. 

Weeras,  John  C.                   Woods,  John. 

Borst,  Peter  I. 

Hawkins,  Joseph. 

Whipple,  Thomas,  Jr.         Woodcock,  David. 

Bouldin,  Thomas  T. 

Hemphill,  Joseph. 

Whittlesey,  Elisha.             Wright,  John  C. 

Bretman,  Samuel. 

Hinds,  Thomas. 

Wickliffe,  Charles  A.           Wright,  Silas. 

Broadhead,  John. 

Hodges,  James  L. 

Wilde,  Richard  Henry.       Yancey,  Joel. 

Brown,  Elias. 

Hoffman,  Michael. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  Metcalf,  resigned. 
2.  Elected   in    place    of   William    Hails,    resigned. 

Buchanan,  James. 
Burgess,  Tristam. 

Holland,  Cornelius.  3 
Howard.  Benjamin  C. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Creighton,  resigned. 
4.  Elected  in   place  of  George   Holcomb,   deceased. 

Cahoon.  William. 
Cambreleng,  C.  C. 

Hubbard.  Henry. 
Hughes,  Thomas  H. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  Hodge  Thompson,  deceased. 
6.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  J.  Oakley,  resigned. 

Campbell,  John. 
Carson,  Samuel  T. 
Chandler,  Thomas. 

Hunt,  Jonathan. 
Huntington,  Jabez  W. 
Ihrie,  Peter. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Childs,  Timothy. 

Ingersoll,  Ralph  J. 

Sevier,  A.  H.                        Wing,  Austin  E. 

Chilton,  Thomas. 

Irvin,  William  W.4 

White,  Joseph  M. 

Clarke,  James. 

Irwin,  Thomas. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel. 

Isacks,  Jacob  C. 

THE  TWENTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 

Clay,  C.  C. 

Jarvis,  Leonard. 

QiP"V  A  TT»"PQ 

Coke,  Richard. 

Jennings,  Jonathan. 

»•  i  .  N  A  J_<Jrto. 

Coleman,  Nicholas  D. 

Johns,  Kensey,  Jr. 

John  C.  Calhoun,  Vice-President. 

Condich.  Lewis. 

Johnson,  Cave. 

Adams,  Robert  H.I             King,  William  R. 

Connor,  Henry  W. 

Johnson,  Richard  M. 

Baker,  David  J.2                 Knight,  Nehemiah  R. 

Cooper,  Richard  M. 

Kendall,  Joseph  G. 

Barnard.  Isaac  D.                Livingston,  Edward. 

Coulter,  Richard. 

Kennon,  William. 

Barton,  David.                    Marks,    William. 

Cowles,  Henry  B. 

Kincaid,  John. 

Bell,  Samuel.                       McKinley,  John. 

Craig,  Hector. 

King,  Adam. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.            McLane,  Louis. 

Craig,  Robert. 

King,  Perkins. 

Berrian,  John  McPherson.  McLean,  John. 

Craine,  Joseph  H. 

Lainar,  Henry  G. 

Bibb,  George  M.                  Naudain,  Arnold.  6 

Crawford,  Thomas  H. 

Lea,  Pryor. 

Branch,  John.                       Noble,  James. 

Creighton,   William. 

Leavitt,  Humphrey  11.5 

Brown.  Bedford.3                Poindexter,  George.7 

Crocheron,  Jacob. 

Lecompte,  Joseph. 

Burnett,  Jacob.                   Robbins,  Asher. 

Crockett,  David. 

Leiper,  George  C. 

Chambers,  EzekielF.          Robinson,  John  M.8 

Crowninshield,  Benj.  W. 

Lent,  James. 

Chase,  Dudley.                    Rowan  John. 

Daniel,  Henry. 

Letcher,  Robert  P. 

Clayton,  John  M.                Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Davenport,  Thomas. 

Lewis,  Dixon  H. 

Dickerson,  Mahlon.             Sanford,  Nathan. 

Davis,  John. 

Loyall  George. 

Dudley,  Charles  E.              Seymour,  Horatio. 

Davis,  Warren  K. 

Lumpkin,  Wilson. 

Eaton,  John  E.                    Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 

Deberry,  Edmund. 

Lyon,  Chittenden. 

Ellis,  Powhattan.                Smith,  Samuel. 

Denny,  Harmer. 

Magee,  John. 

Foot,  Samuel  A.                  Smith,  William. 

Desha,  Robert. 

Mallory,  Rollin  C. 

Forsyth,  John.  4                   Sprague,  Peleg. 

DeWitt,  Charles  G. 

Marr,  Alem. 

Freliughuysen,  Theodore.  Tazewell,  Littleton  W. 

Dickerson,  John  D. 

Martin,  William  D. 

Grundy,  Felix.  5                   Troup,  George  M. 

Doddridge,  Philip  P. 

Martindale,  Henry  C. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.                Taylor,  John. 

Dorsey,  Clement. 

Maxwell,  Lewis. 

Hendricks,  William.           White,  Hugh  Lawson. 

Draper,  Joseph.  1 

Maxwell,  Thomas. 

Holmes,  John.                     Willey,  Calvin. 

Dray  ton,  William. 

McCoy,  William. 

Iredell,  James.                    Webster,  Daniel. 

Dudley,  Edward  B. 

McCreery,  William. 

Johnston,  Joshia  T.            Woodbury,  Levi. 

Duncan,  Joseph. 

McDuffie,  George. 

Kane,  Elias  R. 

D  wight,  Henry  W. 

Mclntire,  Rufus. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  B.  Reed,  deceased. 

Eager,  S.  W.2 

Mercer,  Charles  F. 

2.  Appointed  in  place  of  John  McLean,  deceased. 

Earll,  Jonas,  Jr. 

Miller,  Daniel  H. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  John   Branch,  resigned.     4. 

Evans,  George. 

Mitchell,  George  E. 

Elected  in  place  of  J.  McPhearson  Berrian,  resigned. 

Evans,  Joshua. 

Morrell,  Robert. 

5.     Elected  in  place  of  John  H.   Eaton,   resigned. 

Ellsworth,  William  W. 

Muhlenbergh,  Henry  A. 

V.     Elected  in    place  of   Louis   McLane,   resigned. 

Everett,  Edward. 

Newton,  Thomas. 

Appointed  and  subsequently  elected  in  place  of 

Everett,  Horace. 

Norton,  Ebenezer  F. 

Robert  H.  Adams,  deceased.     8.  Elected  in  place  of 

Finch,  Isaac. 

Nuckolls,  William  T. 

John  McLean,  deceased. 

Findlay,  John. 

Overton,  Walter  H. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Fisher,  George. 

Patton,  John  M.6 

Andrew  Stevenson,  Speaker. 
Alexander.  Mark.                Bayley,  John. 

Ford,  James. 
Forward,  Chauncey. 
Foster,  Thomas  T. 

Pearce,  Duttee  J. 
Pettis,  Spencer. 
Pierson,  Isaac. 

Alston,  Willis.                     Barber,  Noyes. 
Allen,  Robert.                       Barbour,  John  S. 
Anderson,  John.                   Barbour,  Philip  P. 
Angell,  William  G.              Barnwell,  Robert  W. 
Archer,  William  8.              Barringer,  Daniel  L. 
Armstrong,  William.           Bartley,  Mordecai. 

Fry,  Joseph,  Jr. 
Gaither,  Nathan. 
Gilmore,  John. 
Goodenow,  John  N. 
Gorham.  Benjamin. 
Gordon,  William  F. 

Polk,  James  K. 
Potter,  Robert. 
Powers,  Ge-rsham. 
Ramsey,  William. 
Randolph,  James  F. 
Reed  John. 

Arnold,  Benedict.                Bates/  Isaac  C. 

Green,  Inn  is. 

Reucher,  Abraham. 

TABULAR    RECORDS. 


xli 


Richardson,  Joseph.            Swift,  Benjamin. 

Appointed  in  place  of  John  Noble,   deceased.      5. 

Ripley,  Joseph  W.              Talliaferro,  John. 

Elected    in    place  of  Littleton  Tazewell,  resigned. 

Roane,  John.                        Taylor,  John  W. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Noble,  deceased.     7. 

Rose,  Robert  8.                    Test,  John. 

Elected  in  place  of  Edward   Livingston,   resigned. 

Russell,  William.                Thompson,  John. 

8.  Elected  in  place  of  William  L  Marcy,  resigned. 

Sanford,  Jonah.  7                 Thompson,  Wiley. 
Scott,  John.                          Tracy,  PhineasL. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Semmes,  Benedict  J.           Trezvant,  James. 

Andrew  Stevenson,  Speaker. 

Shepard,  William  B.           Tucker,  Starling. 
Shepherd,  Augustins  H.     Vance,  Joseph. 
Shields,  James.                    Varnum,  John. 
Sill,  Thomas  H.                   Verplank,  Gulian  C. 
Smith,  Samuel  A.                Ven  ton,  Samuel  F. 
Smyth,  Alexander.              Washington,  George  C. 

Adair,  John.                         Davis,  Warren  R. 
Adams,  John  Q.                   Dayan,  Charles. 
Allan,  Chilton.                     Dearborn,  Henry  A.  S. 
Allen,  Heman.                     Denny,  Hanner, 
Allen,  Robert.                      Dewart,  Lewis. 
Allison,  Robert.                   Dickson    John. 

Spencer,  Ambrose.               Wayne,  James  M. 
Spencer,  Richard.                Weeks,  John  W. 
Speight,  Jesse.                      White,  Campbell  P. 
Sprigg,  Michael  C.               White,  Edward  D. 
Stanberry,  William.             Whittlesey,  Elisha. 
Standifer,  James.                 Wickliffe,  Charles  A. 
Stephens,  Philander.           Wilde,  Richard  H. 
Sterigere,  John  B.                Williams,  Lewis 
Storrs.  Henry  R.                  Wilson,  Ephraim  K. 
Storrs,  William  L.               Wingates,  Joseph  F. 
Strong,  James.                     Wright,  Silas.  8 
Sutherland,  Joel  B.             Yancey,  Joel. 
Swan,  Samuel.                    Young,  Ebenezer. 

Alexander,  Mark.                Doddridge,  Philip. 
Anderson,  John.                  Doubleday,  Ulysses  F. 
Angel,  William  G.              Draper,  Joseph. 
Appleton,  Nathan.              Dray  ton,  William. 
Archer,  William  S.             Duncan,  Joseph. 
Armstrong,  William.          Ellsworth,  William  W. 
Arnold,  Thomas  N.             Evans,  George. 
Ashley,  William  H.             Evans,  Joshua. 
Babcock,  William.              Everett,  Edward. 
Banks,  John.                        Everett,  Horace. 
Barber,  Noyes.                      Felder,  John  M. 
Barbour,  John  S.                 Findlay,  James. 
Barnwell,  Robert  W.           Fitzgerald,  William. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Smyth,  deceased. 

Barringer,  Daniel  L.           Ford,  Joseph. 

'2.     Elected    in    place    of    Hector    Craig,    resigned. 

Barston,  Gamaliel  H.          Foster,  Thomas  F. 

',i.  Elected  in  place  of  James  W.  Ripley,  resigned. 

Bates,  Isaac  C.                    Gaither,  Nathan. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  John  M.  Goodenow,  resigned. 

Bates,  James.                       Gilmore,  John. 

5.    Successfully   contested   the   election   of  Thomas 

Beardsley,  Samuel.             Gordon,  William  F. 

Newton.     6.  Elected  in  place  of  Philip  P.  Barbour, 

Bell,  John.                            Grennell,  George,  Jr. 

resigned.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  Silas  Wright,  who 

Bergen,  John  F.                   Griffin,  John  R. 

declined  to  take  his  seat.     8.  Successfully  contested 

Kethune,  Laughlin.             Hall,  Hiland. 

the  election  of  George  Fisher,   and  declined  to  take 

Blair,  James.                        Hall,  Thomas  H. 

his  seat. 

Blair,  John.                          Hall,  William. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Boone,  Ratliff.                      Hammond,  Joseph. 

Biddle,  John.                        White,  Joseph  M. 

Bouck,  Joseph.                    Harper,  Joseph  M. 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 

Boulden,  Thomas  T.            Hawes,  Albert  G. 

Branch,  John.                     Hawkins,  M.  T. 

THE  TWENTY-SECOND  CONGRESS. 

Briggs,  George  N.                Heister,  William. 

SENATORS. 

Broadhead,  John.                Hodges,  James  L. 

John  C.  Calhoun,    Vice-  President. 

Brodhead,  John  C.               Hoffman,  Michael. 
Bucher,  John  C.                   Hogan,  William. 

Bell,  Samuel.                        Knight,  Nathaniel  H. 

Bullard,  Henry  A.               Holland,  Cornelius. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.             Mangum,  Willie  P. 

Burd,  George.                      Horn,  Henry. 

Bibb,  George  M.                   Marcy,  William  L. 

Burgess,  Tristam.                Howard,  Benjamin  C. 

Black,  John.  1                       Miller,  Stephen  K. 

Gaboon,  William.                 Hubbard,  Henry. 

Brown,  Bedford.                   Moore,  Gideon. 

Cambreleng,  C.  C.                Hughes,  Thomas  H. 

Buckner,  Alexander.           Naudain,  Arnold. 

Carr.  John.                           Hunt,  Jonathan. 

Calhoun,  John  C.2              Poindexter,  George. 

Carson,  Samuel  P.               Huntington,  Jabez  W 

Chambers,  Ezekiel  F.          Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Chandler,  Thomas.              Ihvie,  Peter  Jr. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Rives,  William  C.5 

Chinn,  Joseph  W.                Ingersoll,  Ralph  I. 

Clayton,  John  M.                 Robbins,  Asher. 

Choate,  Rufus.                     Irvin,  William  W. 

Dallas,  George  M.3              Robinson,  John  M. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel  H.     Isacks,  Jacob  C. 

Dickerson.  Mahlon.             Ruggles,  Benjamin. 

Clay,  Clement  C.                  Jarvis,  Leonard. 

Dudley,  Charles  E.              Seymour,  Horatio. 

Clayton,  Augustine  S.         Jennifer,  Daniel. 

Ellis,  Powhattan.                Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 

Coke,  Richard,  Jr.              Jewett,  Freeborn  C. 

Ewing,  Thomas.                  Smith,  Samuel. 

Collier,  John  A.                   Johnson.  Cave. 

Foot,  Samuel  A.                  Spragne,  Peleg. 

Condich,  Lewis.                   Johnson,  Charles  C. 

Forsyth,  John.                    Tazewell,  Littleton  W. 

Condit,  Silas.                        Johnson,  Joseph.  1 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore.  Tipton,  John.  6 

Connor,  Henry  W.               Johnson,  Richard  K. 

Grundy.  Felix.                    Tomlinson,  Gideon. 

Cook,  Bates.                          Kavanah,  Edward. 

11.  inn  a,  Robert.  4                  Troup,  George  M. 

Cook,  Elutheros.                  Kendell,  Joseph  G. 

Hayne,  Robert  Y.                Tyler,  John. 

Cooper,  Richard  M.             Kennon,  William. 

Hendricks.  William.           Waggaman,  George  A.7 

(  'orwin,  Thomas.                 Kerr,  John  L. 

Hill,  Isaac.                            Webster,  Daniel. 

Coulter,  Richard.                King,  Adam. 

Holmes,  John.                      White.  Hugh  L. 

Craig,  Robert.                      King,  Henry. 

Johnson,  JosiahS.                Wilkins.  William. 

Crane,  Joseph  H.                King,  John. 

Kane,  Elias  K.                    Wright,  Silas,  Jr.  8 

Crawford,  Thomas  H.         Lamar,  Henry  G. 

King,  William  R. 

Creighton,  William.            Lansing,  Gerrit  Y. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  Powhattan,  Ellis,  resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  Robert  Y.   Hayne,   resigned. 

Daniel,  Henry.                    Leavitt,  Humphrey  H. 
Davenport,  Thomas.            Lecompte,  Joseph. 

T    Elected  in   place  of  S.  D.  Barnard,  resigned.     4. 

Davis,  John.                         Lent,  James. 

TAT-  ULAR  KECORDS. 


Letcher,  Robert  P.              Shepard,  William  1, 
Lewis,  Dixon  H.                 Shepherd,  A.  11. 
Lyon,  Chittenden.                Slade,  William. 
Mann,  Joel  K.                      Smith,  Samuel  A. 

fomlinson.  Gideon.              White,  Hugh  L. 
Tyler,  John.                           Wilkins,  William. 
Waggaman,  George  A.        Wright,  Silas,  Jr. 
Webster,  Daniel. 

Mardi's.  Samuel  W.              Soule,  Nathan. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Wilkins,  resigned. 

Marshall,  Thomas  A.          Southard.  Isaac. 

2.   Elected    in    place    of    John    Forsyth,    resigned. 

Mason,  John  Y.                   Speight,  Jesse. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Ezekiel  F.  Chambers,  resigned. 

Maxwell,  Lewis.                  Spence,  John  S. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  William  C.   Rives,  resigned. 

McCarty,  Jonathan             Stanberry,  William. 

5.  Appointed  and  subsequently  elected  in  place  of 

McCoy,  Robert.                   Standefer,  James. 

\lexander  Buckner.  deceased.      6.  Elected   in  place 

McCoy,  William.                  Stephens,  Philander. 

of  Joseph  S.  Johnston,  deceased.     7.  Elected  in  place 

McDuffie,  George.                Stewart,  Andrew. 

of  Peleg  Sprague,  resigned. 

Mclntire,  Rufus.                  Storrs,  William  L 
McKay,  James.                   Sutherland,  Joel  B. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

McKennon,  Thomas  M.      Taylor,  John  W. 

Andri-w  Stevenxon,  Speaker. 

Mercer,  Charles  F.               Thomas,  Francis. 

Joint  /?<'/'.  Speaker.! 

Milligan,  John  J.                 Thomas,  Philemon. 

Adams.  John.                        Cramer,  John. 

Mitchell,  George  E.             Thompkins.  Christopher. 

Adams,  John  Q.                    Crane,  Joseph  H. 

Mitchell,  Thomas  i  .'.           Thompson,  Wiley. 

Allen,  Chilton.                     Crockett,  David. 

Mnhlenberg,  Henry  A.       Thompson  John. 

Allen,  Homan.                       Darlington,  Edward. 

Nelson,  Jeremiah.               Tracey,  Phineas  L. 

Allen,  John  J.                      Davenport,  Thomas. 

Neunan,  Daniel.                  Vance,  Joseph. 

Allen,  William.                     Davis,  Amos. 

Newton,  Thomas.                Verplauk,  Guilian  (  '. 

\nthony,  John  B.                 Davis,  John. 

Nuckolls,  William  T.          Venton,  Samuel  F. 

Ishley,  William  H.             Davis.  Warren  R. 

Patton,  John  M.                  Ward,  Aaron. 

Yrcher,  William  S.               Day,  Roland. 

Pearce,  Duttee  J.                Wardwell,  Daniel. 

Barber,  Noyes.                     Deberry,  Edmond. 

Pendleton,  Edmond  i!.       Washington,  George  C. 

Banks,  John.                          Derning.  Benjamin  F. 

Pierson,  Job.                         Watmough,  John  G. 

Barnetz,  Charles  A.             Denny,  Harmer. 

Pitcher,  Nathaniel.             Wayne,  James  M. 

Barringer,  Daniel  L.            Dickerson,  Philemon. 

Plummer,  Franklin  1'..        Weeks,  John  W. 

Bates,  Isaac  C.                       Dickinson,  David  W. 

Polk,  James  K.                    Wheeler,  Grattan,    If. 

Baylies,  William.                 Dicksou.  John. 

Potts,  David,  Jr.                  White,  Campbell  P. 

Beal,  James  M.  H.               Dennis,  Littleton  P. 

Randolph,  James  T.            White,  Edward  D. 

Bean,  Benning  M.                 Dunlap,  William  P. 

Read,  Edward  C.                Whittlesey,  Elisha. 

Beardsley,  Samuel.              Duncan,  Joseph. 

Reed,  John.                          Whittlesey,  Frederick. 

Beatty.  Martin.                     Ellsworth,  William  W. 

Rencher,  Abraham.              Wickliffe,  Charles  A. 

Beaumont,  Andrew.             Evans,  George. 

Roane,  John  J.                    Wilde,  Richard  H. 

Bell,  John.                            Everett,  Edward. 

Root,  Erastus.                      Wilkin,  Samuel  J. 

Binney,  Horace.                   Everett,  Horace. 

Russell,  William.                Williams,  Lewis. 

Blair,  James.                          Ewing,  John. 

Semmes,  Benedict  J.           Worthington,  J.  F.  II. 

Blair,  John.                          Felder,  John  M. 

Sewell,  Charles  S.'2             Young,  Ebene/er. 

Bocker,  Abraham.    .            Ferris,  Charles  (i.4 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Philip  Doddridge,  deceased. 

Bodle,  Charles.                     Fillmore.  Millar  1. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  George  E.  Mitchell,  deceased. 

Boone,  Ratliff.                      Foot,  Samuel  A. 

Bouldiu,  James  W.  2.           Forrester,  John  11. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bouldin,  Thomas  W.           Foster,  Thomas  F. 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H.              Wing,  Austin  E. 

Briggs,  George  M.                 Fowler,  Samuel. 

White,  Joseph  M. 

Brown,  John  W.                   Fuller.  Philip  ('. 

Bullard,  Henry  A.               Fuller,  William  K. 

THE  TWENTY-THIRD  CONGRESS. 

Bull,  John.                              Fulton,  John  11. 

SENATORS. 

Bunch,  Samuel.                    Galbraith,  John. 

Burd,  George.                       Gamble,  R.  L. 

Martin  Van  Buren,  Vice-President. 

Burgess,  Tristam.                 Garland,  Rice.  5 

Bell,  Samuel.                         Leigh,  Benjamin  W.4 

Burns,  Robert.                     Gholson,  Joseph  H. 

Benton,  Thomas  If.             Linn,  Lewis.  5 

Bynum,  Jesse  A.                  Gillet,  Ransom  1  1  . 

Bibb,  George  M.                   Mangum,  Willie  P. 

Cage,  Henry.                        Gilmer,  George  K. 

Black,  John.                         McKean,  Samuel. 

Cambreleng,  Churchill  C.   Gordon,  William  F. 

Brown,  Bedford.                  Moore,  Gabriel. 

Campbell.  Robert  B.3         Gorham,  Benjamin. 

Buchanan,  James.  1             Morris,  Thomas. 

Carmichael,  Richard  B.       Graham,  James. 

Calhoun,  John  C.                Naudain,  Arnold. 

Carr,  John.                            Grayson,  William  J. 

Chambers,  Ezekiel  F.          Poindexter,  George. 

Casey,  Zadock.                    Grennell,  George,  Jr. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Porter,  Alexander.  6 

Chambers,  George.               Griffin,  John  K. 

Clayton,  John  M.                Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Chaney,  John.                      Hall,  Heland. 

Cnthbert,  Alfred.2               Preston,  William  C. 

Chilton,  Thomas.                 Hall,  Joseph. 

Ewing,  Thomas.                  Robbins,  Asher. 

Chinn,  Joseph  W.                Hall,  Thomas  H. 

Forsyth,  Alfred.                   Robinson,  John  M. 

Choate,  Rufus.                      Halsey,  Nicoll. 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore.  Rives,  William  C. 

Claiborne,  Nathaniel  IL     Hannegan,  Edward  A. 

Goldsborough,  Robert  II.  3  Haggles,  John.  7 

Clay,  Clement  C.                  Hard,  Gideon. 

Grundy,  Felix.                    Shepley.  Ether. 

Clay,  Augustine  E.              Hardin,  Benjamin. 

Hendricks,  William.           Silsbee,  Nathaniel. 

Clark,  Samuel.                     Harmer,  Thomas  L. 

Hill,  Isaac.                            Smith,  Nathan. 

Clark,  William.                     Harper,  James. 

Kane,  Elias  K.                     Southard,  Samuel  L. 

Clowny,  William  K.            Harper,  Joseph  M. 

Kent,  Joseph.                      Sprague,  Peleg. 

Coffee,  John.                        Harrison,  Samuel  S. 

King,  John  P.                       Swift,  Benjamin. 

Connor,  Henry  W.                Hathaway,  Samuel  G-. 

King.  William  K.                 Tallmadge,  Benjamin. 

Corwin,  Thomas.                 Hawes,  Albert  G. 

Knight,  Neherniah  R.          Tipton,  John. 

Coulter,  Richard.                 Hawkins,  Micajah  T. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


xliii 


Hazeltine,  Abner. 
Heath,  James  P. 
Heister,  William. 
Henderson,  Joseph. 
Howell,  Edward. 
Hubbard,  Henry. 
Huntington,  Abel. 
Hnntington,  Jabez  W. 
Inge,  William  M. 
Jackson,  Ebenezer.6. 
Jackson,  William. 
Jarvis,  Leonard. 
James,  Henry  F.7 
Johnson,  Cave. 
Johnson,  Henry. 8 
Johnson,  Noadiah. 
Johnson,  Richard  M. 
Jones,  Benjamin. 
Jones,  Seaborn. 
Kavanagh.  Edward. 
Kilgore,  Daniel. 9 
King,  Henry. 
Kinuard,  George  L. 
Lane,  Amos. 
Lansing,  Gerrit  Y. 
Laport.  John. 


Page,  Sherman. 
Parker,  James. 
Parkes,  Gorham. 
Patterson.  William. 
Pat  ton,  John  M. 
Pearce,  Duttee  J. 
Peyton,  Balie. 
Phillips,  Stephen  C.16 
Pickens,  Francis  W.17 
Pierce,  Franklin. 
Pierson,  Job. 
Pinckney,  Henry  L. 
Plummer,  Franklin  E. 
Polk,  James  K. 
Pope,  P.  H. 
Potts,  David,  Jr. 
Ramsay,  Robert. 
Reed,  John. 
Reucher,  Abraham. 
Reynolds.  John.  18 
Robertson.  John.19. 
Schenck,  Ferdinand  S. 
Schley,  William. 
Selden,  Dudley. 
Shepard,  William  B. 
Shepherd,  A.  11. 


Lawrence,  Cornelius  W.     Shinn,  William  N. 

Lay,  George  W.  Slade,  Charles. 

Lea,  Luke.  Slade,  William. 

Leavitt,  Humphrey.  Sloane,  Jonathan. 

Lee,  Thomas.  Smith,  Francis  O.  J. 

Letcher,  Robert  P.  Spangler,  David. 

Lewis,  Dixon  H.  Spaight,  Jessee. 

Lincoln,  Levi.10  Standefer,  James. 

Love,  James.  Steele,  John  N.20 

Loyall,  George.  Stewart,  Andrew. 

Lucas,  Edward.  Stoddart,  John  T. 

Lyon,  Chittenden.  Sutherland,  Joel  B. 

Lytle,  Robert  T.ll  Taylor,  William. 

Mann,  Abijah,  Jr.  Taylor,  William  P. 

Mann,  Joel  K.  Thomas.  Francis. 
Manning,  Richard  J.12      Thomas.  Philemon. 

Mardis,  Samuel  W.  Thomson,  John. 

Marshall,  Thomas  A.  Tompkins,  Christopher. 

Martiudale,  Henry  C.  Trumbull,  Joseph. 21 

Mason,  John  J.    '  Turner,  James. 

Mason,  Moses,  Jr.  Tun-ill,  Joel. 

May,  William  L.13  Tweedy,  Samuel. 

McCarty,  Jonathan.  Vance,  Joseph. 

McComas,  William.  Vanderpoel.  Aaron. 

McDuffie,  George.  Van  Houten,  Isaac  R. 

Mclntire,  Rufus.  Venton,  Samuel  F. 

McKay,  James  J.  Ward,  Aaron. 

McKennon,  T.  M.  T.  Wardwell,  Daniel. 

McKim,  Isaac.  WTagener,  David  D. 

McKinley,  John.  Watmough.  John  G. 

McLean,  Jeremiah.  Wayne,  James  M. 

McVean,  Charles.  Webster,  Taylor. 

Mercer.  Charles  F.  Whallou,  Reuben. 

Miller,  Jesse.  White,  Campbell  P. 

Milligan,  John  J.  White,  Edward  D. 

Miner.  Phineas.14  Whittlesey,  Elisha. 

Mitchell,  Henry.  Whittlesey,  Frederick. 

Mitchell,  Robert.  Wilde,  Richard  Henry. 
Moore,  Samuel  McDowell.  Williams,  Lewis. 

Morgan,  John  J.15  Wilson,  Edgar  C. 
Muhlenberg,  Henry  A.       Wise,  Henry  A. 

Murphy,  John.  Young,  Ebenezer. 
Osgood,  Gayton  P. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Stevenson,  resigned. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  T.  Bouldin,  deceased. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  D.  Singleton,  deceased. 

4.  Elected    in    place  of   Dudley    Selden,   resigned. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  H.  A.  Bullard,  resigned.     6. 
Elected  in  place  of  S.  A.  Foot,  resigned.     7.  Elected 


in  place  of  Benjamin  F.  Deming,  deceased.  8.  Elected 
in  place  of  Edward  D.  White,  resigned.  9.  Elected 
in  place  of  Humphrey  H.  Leavitt,  resigned.  10. 
Elected  in  place  of  John  Davis,  resigned.  11.  Elected 
to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  his  own  resignation.  12. 
Elected  in  place  of  James  Blair,  deceased.  13.  Elected 
in  place  of  Joseph  Duncan,  resigned.  14.  Elected  in 
place  of  Jabez  Huntington,  resigned.  15  Elected  in 
place  of  Cornelius  W.  Lawrence,  resigned.  ICi. 
Elected  in  place  of  George  McDuffie,  resigned. 

17.  Elected    in    place    of   Rufus    Choate,   resigned. 

18.  Elected    in    place   of   Charles    Slade,    deceased. 

19.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Stevenson,  resigned. 

20.  Elected  in  place  of  Littleton  P.  Dennis,  deceased. 

21.  Elected  in  place  of  William  W.  Ellsworth,  re 
signed. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Lyon,  Lucius.  White,  Joseph  M. 

Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 

THE   TWENTY-FOURTH   CONGRESS. 

SENATOBS. 

Martin  Van  Buren,    Vice- President. 
Bayard,  Richard  H.I  Moore,  Gabriel. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.  Morris,  Thomas. 

Black,  John.  Moulton,  Alexander. 5 

Brown,  Bedford.  Naudain,  Arnold. 

Buchanan,  James.  Nicholas,  Robert  C.6 

Calhoun,  John  C.  Niles,  John  M.7 

Clay,  Henry.  Norvell,  John. 

Clayton,  John  M.  Page,  John. 8 

Clayton,  Thomas. '2  Parker,  Richard  E.9 

Crittenden,  John  J.  Porter,  Alexander. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred.  Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Dana,  Judah.3  Preston,  William  C. 

Davis,  John.  Rives,  William  C.10 

Ewing,  Thomas.  4  Robbins,  Asher  P. 

Ewiug,  William  D.  Robinson,  John  M. 

Fulton,  William  S.  Ruggles,  John. 

Goldsborough,  Robert  S.    Sevier,  Ambrose. 
Grundy,  Felix.  Shepley,  Ether. 

Hendricks,  William.  Southard,  Samuel. 

Hill,  Isaac.  Spence,  John  S.ll 

Hubbard,  Henry.  Strange,  Robert.  T2 

Kane,  Elias  K.  Swift,  Benjamin. 

Kent,  Joseph.  Tallmadge,  M.  P. 

King,  John  P.  Tipton,  John. 

King,  William  R.  Tomlinson,  Gideon. 

Knight,  Nehemiah  R.         Tyler,  John. 
Leigli,  Benjamin,  W.          Wall,  Garrett. 
Linn,  Louis  F.  Walker,  Robert  J. 

Lyon,  Lucien.  Webster,  Daniel. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.  Wilson,  Hugh  L. 

McKean,  Samuel.  Wright,  Silas,  Jr. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Arnold  Naudain,  resigned. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  John  M.  Clayton,  resigned. 

3.  Appointed  in   place  of  Ether  Shepley,  resigned. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  E.   K.    Kane,    deceased.     5. 
Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Porter,  resigned.     6. 
Elected  in  place  of  C.  E.  A.  Gayarre,  who  never  took 
his  seat.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  Nathaniel   Smith, 
deceased.     8.  Elected  in  place  of  Isaac  Hill  resigned. 

9.  Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  W.  Leigh,  resigned. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Tyler,   resigned.     11. 
Elected  in  place  of  R.  H.  Goldsborough,  deceased. 
12.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  P.  Mangum,  resigned. 


Adams,  John  Q. 
Alford,  Julius  C.I 
Allan,  Chilton. 
Allen,  Heman. 
Anthony.  Joseph  B. 


REPRESENTATIVES. 
ime*  A'.  Polk,  Speaker. 

Ash,  Michael  W. 

Ashley,  William  H. 

Bailey,  Jeremiah. 

Banks,  John. 

Barton.  Samuel. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Beale,  James  M.  H. 
Bean,  BenniDg  M. 
Beardsley,  Samuel. 
Beaumont,  Andrew. 
Bell,  John. 
Black.  James. 2 
Bocke,  Abraham. 
Bond,  William  K. 
Boone,  Ratlin0. 
Bordt-n,  Nathaniel  B. 
Bovee.  Matthias  J. 
Bouldin,  James  W. 
Boyd,  Linn. 
Briggs,  George  M. 
Brown,  John  W. 
Buchanan,  Andrew. 
Bunch,  Samuel. 
Burns,  Robert. 
Bynum,  Jesse  A. 
Calhoun,  John. 
Calhoun,  William  B. 
Cambreleng,  C.  C. 
Campbell,  Robert  B. 
Carr,  John. 
Carter,  William  B. 
Casey.  Zadock. 
Chambers,  George. 
Chambers,  John. 
Chaney,  John. 
Chapin,  G-.  H. 
Chapman,  Reuben. 
Chetwood,  William. 3 
Childs,  Timothy. 
Claiborn,  John  F.  H. 
Claiborne,  Nathaniel  H. 
Clark,  William. 
Cleveland,  Jesse  F. 
Coffee,  John. 
Coles,  Walter. 
Connor,  Henry  W. 
Corwin,  Thomas. 
Craig,  Robert. 
Cramer,  John. 
Crane,  Joseph  H. 
Crary,  Isaac  E. 
Gushing,  Caleb. 
Cushman,  Samuel. 
Darlington,  Edward. 
Davis,  John  W. 
Dawson,  William  ('.4 
Deberry,  Edmond. 
Denny,  Harmer. 
Dickerson,  Philemon. 
Dickson,  David. 
Doubleday,  U.  F. 
Dromgoole,  George  C. 
Dunlap,  William  C. 
Effner,  Valentine. 
Elmore,  Franklin  H.5 
Evans,  George. 
Everett,  Horace. 
Fairfield,  John. 
Farlin,  Dudley. 
Forester,  John  B. 
Fowler,  Samuel. 
French,  Richard. 
Fry,  Jacob,  Jr. 
Fuller,  Philo  C. 
Fuller,  William  K. 
Galbraith,  John. 
Garland,  James. 
Garland,  Rice. 
G  hoi  son,  Samuel  J,6 
Gilet,  Ransom  H. 
Glascock,  Thomas. 


Graham,  James. 
Granger,  Francis. 
Grantland,  Seaton. 
Graves,  William  J. 
Grayson,  William  J. 
Grenell,  George  Jr. 
Griffin,  John  K. 
Haleg,  Elisha. 
Hall,  Hiland. 
Hall,  Joseph. 
Harner,  Thomas  L. 
Hammons,  James  H. 
Hannegan,  Edward  A. 
Hard,  Gideon. 
Hardin,  Benjamin. 
Harlan,  James. 
Harper,  James. 
Harrison,  Albert  S. 
Harrison,  Samuel  S. 
Hawes,  Albert  G. 
Hawkins,  Micajah  S. 
Haynes,  Charles  E. 
Hazeltine,  Abner. 
Heister,  William. 
Henderson,  Joseph. 
Herod,  William. 
Hoar.  Samuel. 
Holsey,  Hopkins. 
Holt,  Orrin. 
Hopkins,  George  W. 
Howard,  Benjamin  C. 
Ho  well,  Elias. 
Hubley,  Edward  B. 
Hunt,  Hiram  P. 
Huntington,  Abel. 
Huntsman,  Adam. 
Ingersoll,  Joseph  K. 
Ingham,  Samuel. 
Jackson,  Jabez. 
Jackson,  William. 
Jarvis,  Leonard. 
.lanes,  Henry  T. 
Jennifer,  Daniel. 
Johnson,  Cave. 
Johnson,  Henry. 
Johnson,  Joseph. 
Johnson,  Richard  M. 
Jones,  Benjamin. 
Jones,  John  W. 
Judson,  Andrew  T. 
Kennon,  William. 
Kilgore.  Daniel. 
Kinnard,  George  L. 
Klingensmith,  John. 
Lane,  Amos. 
Lansing,  Gerrit  Y. 
Laporte,  John. 
Lawler,  Joab. 
Lawrence,  Abbott. 
Lay,  George  W. 
Lea,  Luke. 
Lee,  Gideon. 
Lee,  Joshua. 
Lee,  Thomas. 
Leonard,  Stephen  B. 
Lewis,  Dixon  H. 
Lincoln,  Levi. 
Logan,  Henry. 
Love,  Thomas  C. 
Loyall,  George. 
Lucas,  Edward,  Jr. 
Lyon,  Francis  S. 
Mann,  Abijah,  Jr. 
Mann,  Job. 
Manning,  Richard  J. 


Martin,  Joshua  L. 
Mason,  John  Y. 
Mason,  Moses,  Jr. 
Mason,  Sampson. 
Mason,  William. 
Maury,  Abraham  P. 
May,  William  L. 
McCarty,  Jonathan. 
McComas,  William. 
McKay,  James  J. 
McKeou,  John. 
McKennon,  T.  M.  T. 
McKim,  Isaac. 
McLene,  Jeremiah. 
Mercer,  Charles  F. 
Miller,  Jesse. 
Miller,  Rutger  R7 
Milligan,  John  J. 
Montgomery,  William. 
Moore,  Eli. 
Morgan,  William  S. 
Morris,  Mathias. 
Muhlenberg,  Henry  A. 
Owens,  George  W. 
Page,  Sherman. 
Parker,  James. 
Parks,  Gorham. 
Patterson,  William. 
Patton,  John  M. 
Pearce,  DntteeJ. 
Pearce,  James  A. 
Pettigrew,  Ebenezer. 
Peyton,  Bailey. 
Phelps,  Lancelot. 
Phillips,  Stephen  C. 
Pickens,  Francis  W. 
Pierce,  Franklin. 
Pierson,  John  J.8 
Pinckney,  Henry  L. 
Potts,  David,  Jr. 
Reed,  John. 
Rencher,  Abraham. 
Reynolds,  John. 
Reynolds,  Joseph. 
Richardson,  John  P. 9 
Ripley,  Eleazar. 
Roane,  John. 


Robertson,  John. 
Rogers,  James. 
Russell,  David. 
Schenck,  Ferdinand  S. 
Seymour,  William. 
Shepard,  William  B. 
Shepherd,  A.  H. 
Shields,  Ebenezer  J. 
Shinn,  William  N. 
Sickles,  Nicholas. 
Slade,  William. 
Sloane,  Jonathan. 
Smith,  Francis  O.  J. 
Spangler,  David. 
Speight,  Jesse. 
Sprague,  William,  Jr. 
Standifer,  James. 
Steele,  John  N. 
Storer,  Bellamy. 
Sutherland,  Joel  B. 
Talliaferro,  John. 
Taylor,  William. 
Thomas,  Francis. 
Thompson,  John. 
Thompson,  Waddy,  Jr. 
Toucey,  Isaac. 
Town,  George  W.  B. 
Turrill,  Joel. 
Turner,  James. 
Underwood,  J.  R. 
Vanderpoel,  Aaron. 
Vinton,  Samuel  F. 
Wagener,  David  C. 
Ward,  Aaron. 
Wardwell,  Daniel. 
Washington,  G.  C. 
Webster,  Taylor. 
WTeeks,  Joseph. 
White,  John. 
Whittlesey,  Elisha. 
Whittlesey,  Thomas  T.10 
Wildman,  Zalmon. 
Williams,  Sherrod. 
Williams,  Lewis. 
Wise,  Henry  A. 
Yell,  Archibald. 
Young,  John.  11 


1.  Elected  in  place  of  G.  W.  B.  Towns,  resigned- 
'2.  Elected  in  place  of  Jesse  Miller,  resigned.  3- 
Elected  in  place  of  Philemon  Dickerson,  resigned- 
4.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Coffee,  deceased.  5- 
Elected  in  place  of  J.  H.  Hammond,  resigned.  6- 
Elected  in  place  of  David  Dickson,  deceased. 

7.  Elected   in  place   of  Samuel  Beardsley,  resigned. 

8.  Elected   in   place  of  John    Banks,   resigned.     9. 
Elected  in  place  of  Richard  J.  Manning,  deceased. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  Zalmon  Wildman,  deceased. 

11.  Elected  in  place  of  Philo  C.  Fuller,  resigned. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Jones,  George  W.  White,  Joseph  M. 

THE  TWENTY-FIFTH  CONGRESS. 


Richard  M. 
Allen,  William. 
Bayard,  Richard  H. 
Benton,  Thomas  H. 
Black,  John. 
Brown,  Bedford. 
Buchanan,  James. 
Calhoun,  John  C. 
Clay,  Clement  C. 
Clay,  Henry. 
Clayton,  Thomas. 


SENATORS. 

Johnson,  Vice-President. 

Crittenden,  John. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred. 

Davis,  John. 

Foster,  Ephraim  H.I 

Fulton,  William  S. 

Grundy,  Felix. 

Hubbard,  Henry. 

Kent,  Joseph. 

King,  John  P. 

King,  William  R. 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 

Knight,  Nehemiah  R.          Ruggles,  John. 

Hall,  Hiland. 

Owens,  George  W. 

Linn,  Louis  F.                     Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 

Halstead,  William. 

Palmer,  John. 

Lumpkin,  Wilson.2            Smith,  Oliver  H. 

Hamer,  Thomas  M. 

Parmenter,  William. 

Lyon,  Lucius.                       Smith,  Perry. 

Hammond,  Robert  H. 

Parker,  Amasa  J. 

McKean,  Samuel.                Southard,  Samuel  L. 

Harlan,  Joseph. 

Parris,  Virgil  D.9 

Merrick,  William  D.3        Spence,  John  S. 

Harper,  Alexander. 

Patterson,  William. 

Morris,  Thomas.                   Strange,  Robert. 

Harrison,  Albert  G. 

Patton,  John  M. 

Mouton,  Alexander.             Swift,  Benjamin. 

Hastings,  William  S. 

Paynter,  Lemuel. 

Nicholas,  Robert  C.              Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P. 

Hawes,  Richard. 

Pearce,  James  A. 

Niles,  John  M.                     Tipton,  John. 

Hawkins,  Micajah  T. 

Peck,  Luther  C. 

Norvell,  John.                      Trotter,  James  F.5 

Haynes,  Charles  E. 

Pennybacker,  I.  S. 

Parker,  Richard  E.              Walker,  Robert  J. 

Henry,  Thomas. 

Petrikin,  David. 

Pierce,  Franklin.                 Wall,  Garret  D. 

Herod,  William. 

Phelps,  Launcelot. 

Prentiss.  Samuel.                 Webster,  Daniel. 

Hoffman,  Ogden. 

Phillips,  Stephen  C. 

Preston,  William  C.            White,  Hugh  Lawson. 

Holsey,  Hopkins. 

Pickens,  Francis  W. 

Rives,  William  C.                 Williams,  Renel. 

Holt,  Orrin. 

Plummer,  Arnold. 

Roane,  William  H.4            Williams,  Thomas  H.6 

Hopkins,  George  W. 

Pope,  John. 

Robbins,  Asher.                   Wright,  Silas,  Jr. 

Howard,  Benjamin  C. 

Potter,  William  W. 

Robinson,  John  M.              Young,  Richard  M. 

Hubley,  Edward. 

Potts,  David. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  Felix  Grundy,  resigned. 

Hunter,  Robert  M. 

Pratt,  Zadock. 

2.  Elected    in    place    of   John    P.    King,    resigned. 

Hunter,  William  II. 

Prentiss,  John  H.10 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Joseph   Kent,   deceased.     4. 

Ingham,  Samuel. 

Prentiss,  Sergeant  S. 

Elected   in   place   of  Richard   E.   Parker,   resigned. 

Jackson,  Jabez. 

Putnam,  Tfarvey.ll 

5.  Elected   in    place  of   John    Black,    resigned.     6. 

Jackson,  Thomas  B. 

Randolph,  Joseph  F. 

Elected  in  place  of  James  F.  Trotter,  resigned. 

Jennifer,  Daniel. 

Rariden,  James. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Johnson,  Henry. 

Reed,  John. 

James  K.  Polk,  Speaker. 

Johnson,  Joseph. 
Johnson,  William  C. 

Reiley,  Luther. 
Rencher,  Abraham. 

Adams,  John  Q.                   Corwin,  Thomas. 

Jones,  John  M. 

Rhett,  Robert  B. 

Alexander,  James.               Crabb,  George  \V. 

Jones,  Nathaniel. 

Richardson,  John  P. 

Allen,  Heman.                       Craig,  Robert. 

Keim,  George  M.6 

Ridgway,  James. 

Allen,  John  W.                    Cranston,  Robert  B. 

Kemble,  Gouverneur. 

Ripley,  Eleazer. 

Anderson,  Hugh  J.              Crary,  Isaac  E. 

Kennedy,  John  P.7 

Rives,  Francis  E. 

Andrews,  John  F.                Crockett,  John  W. 

Kilgore,  Daniel. 

Robertson,  John. 

Atherton,  Charles  G.           Cushing,  Caleb. 

Klingensmith,  John. 

Robinson,  Ed  ward.  12 

Aycrigg,  John  B.                 Cushman,  Samuel. 

Lawler,  Joab. 

Rumsey,  Edward. 

Banks,  Liun.l                      Curtis,  Edward. 

Leadbetter,  Daniel. 

Russell,  David. 

Beatty,  William  B.              Darlington,  Edward. 

Legare,  Hugh  S. 

Saltonstall,  Leverett.  13 

Beers,  Cyrus.  2                      Davee,  Thomas. 

Lewis.  Dixon  H. 

Sawyer,  Samuel  T. 

Beirne,  Andrew.                   Davies,  Edward. 

Lincoln,  Levi. 

Sergeant,  John. 

Bell,  John.                            Dawson,  William  C. 

Logan,  Henry. 

Sheffer,  Daniel. 

Bicknell,  Bennett.                Deberry,  Edmund. 

Loomis,  Andrew  W. 

Shepard,  Charles  B. 

Biddle,  Richard.                   De  Graff,  John  J. 

Loomis,  Arpaxad. 

Shepperd,  Augustus  H. 

Birdsall,  Samuel.                 Dennis,  John  H. 

Lyon,  Francis  S. 

Shepler,  Mathias. 

Bond,  William  K.                Dromgoole,  George  C. 

Mallory,  Francis. 

Shields,  Ebenezer. 

Boone,  Ratliff.                      Duncan,  Alexander. 

Martin,  Joshua  L. 

Sibley,  Mark  H. 

Borden,  Nathaniel  B.           Dunn,  George  H. 

Marvin,  Richard  P. 

Slade,  William. 

Bouldin,  James  W.              Edwards,  John. 

Mason,  James  M. 

Smith,  F.  O.  J. 

Briggs,  George  N.                Elmore,  Franklin  H. 

Mason,  Sampson. 

Snyder,  Adam. 

Broadhead,  John  C.             Evans,  George. 

Maury,  Abraham  P. 

Southgate,  William  W. 

Bronson,  Isaac  H.                Everett,  Horace. 

Maxwell,  J.  P.  B. 

Spencer,  James  B. 

Bruyn,  Andrew  D.  W.        Ewing,  John. 

May,  William  L. 

Stanley,  Edward. 

Buchanan,  Andrew.             Fairfield,  John. 

McClure,  Charles. 

Stone,  William. 

Bynum,  Jesse  A.                  Farrington,  James. 

McKay,  James  J. 

Stratton,  Charles  C. 

Calhoun,  John  C.                 Fillmore,  Millard. 

McKennon,  T.  M.  T. 

Stuart,  Archibald. 

Calhoun,  William.               Fletcher,  Isaac. 

McKim,  Isaac. 

Swearingen,  Henry.  14. 

Cambreleng,  C.  C.                Fletcher,  Richard. 

McLellan.  Abraham. 

Taliaferro,  John. 

Campbell,  John.                   Foster,  Henry  A. 

McLellan,  Robert. 

Taylor,  William. 

Campbell,  William  B.         Fry,  Jacob,  Jr. 

Mercer,  Charles  F. 

Thomas,  Francis. 

Carter,  Timothy  J.              Gallup,  Albert. 

Menefee,  Richard  H. 

Thompson,  W.,  Jr. 

Carter,  William  B.               Garland,  James. 

Miller,  John. 

Tillinghast,  Joseph  L. 

Casey,  Zadock.                     Garland,  Rice. 

Milligan,  John  J. 

Titus,  Obadiah. 

Chambers,  John.                  Gholson,  Samuel. 

Mitchell,  Charles  F. 

Toland,  George  W. 

Chapman,  Reuben.  3            Giddings,  Joshua.  5 

Montgomery,  William. 

Toucey,  Isaac. 

Chaney,  John.                      Glascock,  Thomas. 

Moore,  Ely. 

Towns,  George  W.  B. 

Cheatham,  Richard.             Goode,  Patrick  G. 

Morgan,  William  T. 

Turney,  Hopkins  L. 

Childs,  Timothy.                  Graham,  James. 

Morris,  Calvary. 

Underwood,  J.  R. 

Cilley,  Jonathan.                 Graham,  William. 

Morris,  Mathias. 

Vail,  Henry. 

Claiborne,  J.  T.  H.              Grant,  Abraham  P. 

Morris,  Samuel  W. 

Vanderveer,  Abraham. 

Clark,  John  C.                      Grantland,  Seaton. 

Muhlenbergh,  Henry. 

Wagener,  David  D. 

Cleveland,  Jesse  F.              Graves,  William  J. 

Murray,  John  L. 

Ward,  Thomas  J.15 

Clowuey,  William  K.          Gray,  Hiram. 

Naylor,  Charles.8 

Weeks,  Joseph. 

Coffin,  Charles  D.4              Grennell,  George,  Jr. 

Noble,  William  H. 

Webster,  Taylor. 

Coles,  Walter.                       Griffin,  John  K. 

Noyes,  John  C. 

White,  Albert  S. 

Connor,  Henry  W.               Haley,  Elisha. 

Ogle,  Charles. 

White,  John. 

xlvi 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Wliittlesey,  Elisha.             Williams,  Sherrod. 

Anderson,  Hugh  J. 

Fillmore,  Mi  Hard. 

Whittlesev,  Thomas  T.       Wise,  Henry  A. 

Anderson,  Simeon  H. 

Fine,  John. 

Williams/  Christopher.       Worthington,  J.  F.  H. 
Williams,  .Tared.                  Yell,  Archibald. 

Andrews,  Landafl'  W. 
Atherton,  Charles  G. 

Fisher,  Charles. 
Fletcher,  Isaac. 

Williams,  Joseph  L.            York,  Thomas  J. 

Baker,  Osman.l 

Floyd,  John  D. 

Williams,  Lewis. 

Banks,  Linn. 

Fornance,  Joseph. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  M.  Patton,  resigned. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  A.   D.  W.  Bruyn,  deceased. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Joab   Lawler,   deceased.     4. 
Elected  in  place  of  A.  W.  Loomis,  resigned.    5.  Elected 
in  place  of  E.  Whittlesey,  resigned.     6.  Elected  in 
place  of  H.  A.  Muhlenberg.  resigned.     7.  Elected  in 
place  of  Isaac  McKim,  deceased.    8.  Elected  in  place 
of  F.   J.   Harker,  deceased.     9.  Elected  in   place  of 
Timothy  J.   Carter,  deceased.     10.  Elected  in  place 
of  J.  F.  H.  Claiborne,  whose  seat  was  declared  vacant. 
11.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Patterson,  deceased. 
12.  Elected  in  place  of  Jonathan   Cilley,  deceased. 
13.  Elected  in  place  of  Stephen  C.  Phillips,  resigned. 
14.  Elected  in  place   of   Daniel  Kilgore,    resigned. 
15.  Elected  in  place  of  S.  J.  Gholson,  whose  seat  was 
declared  vacant. 

Barnard,   Daniel  D.             Galbraith,  John. 
Beatty,  William.                  Garland,  James. 
Beirm,  Andrew.                   Garland,  Rice. 
Bell.  John.                            Gates,  Seth  M. 
Biddle,  Richard.                 .  Gentry,  Meredith  P. 
Black,  Edward  J.                 Gerry,  James. 
Blackwell,  Julius  W.          Giddings,  Joshua  R. 
Boardman,  William  W.2    Goggin,  William  L. 
Bond,  William  R.                Goode,  Patrick  G. 
Botts,  John  M.                     Graham,  Joseph. 
Boyd,  Linn.                          Graves,  William  J. 
Breckenridge,  Henry  M.3  Green,  Willis. 
Brewster,  David  P.              Griffin,  John  K. 
Briggs,  George  N.                 Grinnell,  Moses  H. 
Brockway,  John  H.              Granger,  Francis  P. 
Brown.  Aaron  V.                 Habersham,  Richard  W. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Chapman,  William  W.       Downing,  Charles. 

Brown,  Albert  G-. 
Brown,  Anson. 
Burke  Edmond. 

Hall,  Hiland. 
Hand,  Augustus  C. 
Hammond,  Robert  H. 

Doty,  James  Duane.l         Jones,  George  W. 

Butler,  Sampson  H. 

Hastings,  John. 

1.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  George  W. 

Butler,  William  0. 

Hastings,  William  S. 

Jones. 

Bynum,  Jesse  A. 

Hawes,  Richard. 

THE  TWENTY-SIXTH  CONGRESS. 

Calhoun,  William  li. 

Hawkins,  Micajah  T. 

Campbell.  John. 

Henry,  Thomas. 

SENATORS. 

Campbell,  William  B. 

Hill.  John. 

Richard  M.  Johnson,  Vice-President. 

Carr,  John. 

Hill,  John. 

Allen,  William.                   Mouton,  Alexander. 

Carroll,  James. 

Hillen,  Solomon. 

Anderson,  Alexander.  1       Nichols,  Robert  C. 

Carter,  William  B. 

Hoffman,  Ogdeu. 

Bates,  Isaac  C.2                   Nicholson,  A.  O.  P.  8 

Casey,  Zadoc. 

Holleman,  Joel. 

Bayard,  Richard  H.             Norvell,  John. 

Chapman,  Reuben. 

Holmes,  Isaac  E. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.             Pierce,  Franklin. 

Chinn,  Thomas  W. 

Hooks,  Enos. 

Betts,  Thaddeus.                 Phelps,  Samuel  P. 

Chittenden,  Thomas  C. 

Holt,  Hines.5 

Brown,  Bedford.                  Porter,  Augustus  S. 

(  'lark,  John  C. 

Hopkins,  George  W. 

Buchanan,  James.               Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Clifford,  Nathan. 

Howard,  Tilghman  A 

Calhoun,  John  C.                Preston,  William  C. 

Coles,  Walter. 

Hubbard,  David. 

Choate,  Rufus.3                   Rives,  William  R. 

Colquett,  Walter  T. 

Hunt,  Hiram  P. 

Clay,  Clement  C.                  Roane,  William. 

Cooper,  James. 

Jackson,  Thomas  B. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Robinson,  John  M. 

Cooper,  Mark  A. 

James,  Francis. 

Clayton,  Thomas.                Ruggles,  John. 

Cooper,  William  R. 

Jameson,  John. 

Crittenden,  John.                Sevier,  Ambrose. 

Corwin,  Thomas. 

Jennifer,  Daniel. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred.                 Smith,  Oliver  H. 

Crabb,  George  W. 

Johnson,  Cave 

Davis,  John.                         Smith,  Perry. 

Craig,  Robert. 

Johnson,  Charles. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F.                Southard.  Samuel  L. 

Cranston,  Robert  B. 

Johnson,  Joseph. 

Fulton,  William  S.              Spence,  John  S. 

Crary,  Isaac  E. 

Johnson,  William  C. 

Graham,  William  A.  4        Strange,  Robert. 

Crockett,  John  W. 

Jones,  John  W. 

Grundy,  Felix.                     Sturgeon,  Daniel. 

Cross,  Edward. 

Jones,  Nathaniel. 

Henderson,  John.                Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P. 

Curtis,  Edward. 

Keim,  George  M. 

Hubbard,  Henry.                Tappan,  Benjamin. 

Cushing,  Caleb. 

Kemble,  Gouverneur. 

Huntington,  Jabez  W.5      Walker,  Robert  J. 

Dana,  Amasa. 

Kempshall,  Thomas. 

Kerr,  John  L.6                    Wall,  George  D. 

Davies,  Edward. 

Kille,  Joseph. 

King,  William  R.                Webster,  Daniel. 

Davis,  Garrett. 

King,  Thomas  B. 

Knight,  Nehomiah  R.          White,  Albert  S. 

Davis,  John. 

Lane,  Henry  S.6 

Lumpkin,  Wilson.               White,  Hugh  L. 

Davis,  John  W. 

Lawrence,  Abbott. 

Linn,  Louis  F.                      Williams,  Reuel. 

Davis,  Thomas. 

Leadbetter,  Daniel  P. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.7          Wright,  Silas,  Jr. 

Dawson,  William  C. 

Leet,  Isaac. 

Merrick,  William  D.           Young,  Richard  M. 

Deberry,  Edmond. 

Leonard,  Stephen  B. 

1  Elected  in  place  of  H.  L.  White,  resigned.     2. 

Dennis,  John. 

Lewis,  Dixon  H. 

Elected  in  place  of  John  Davis,  resigned.  3.  Elected 

Dickerson,  Philemon. 

Lincoln,  Levi. 

in  place  of  Daniel  Webster,    resigned.     4.    Elected 

Dellett,  James. 

Lowell,  Joshua  A. 

in   place  of  Robert  Strange,  resigned.     5.  Elected  in 

Doan,  William. 

Lucas,  William. 

place  of  Thaddeus  Betts,   deceased.     6.  Elected  in 

Doe,  Nicholas  B.4 

Mallory,  Francis.  7 

place  of  John  S.  Spence,  deceased.     7.  Elected   in 

Doig,  Andrew  W. 

Mallory,  Meredith. 

place  of  Bedford  Brown,  resigned.     8.  Appointed  in 

Dromgoole,  George  C. 

Marchand,  Albert  G. 

place  of  Felix  Grundy,  deceased. 

Earle,  Nehemiah  H. 

Marvin,  Richard  P. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Eastman,  Joseph  A. 

Mason,  Sampson. 

E.  M.  T.  Hunter,  Speaker. 

Edwards,  John. 
Ely,  John. 

McCarty,  William  M.8 
McClellan,  Abraham. 

Adams,  John  Q.                   Allen,  Judson. 

Evans,  George. 

McClure,  Charles.9 

Alford,  Julius  C.                  Allen,  John  W. 

Everett,  Horace. 

McCullough,  George.  10 

A  B  U  L  A  R     RE  (J  O  R  D  S  . 


xlvii 


McKay,  James.                     Simonton,  William. 

Ben  ton,  Thomas  H.             Miller,  Jacob  W. 

Medill,  William.                  Slade,  William. 

Berrian,  JohniMcPherson.Mouton,  Alexander. 

Mercer,  Charles  F.               Smith,  Albert. 

Buchanan,  James.               Nicholson,  A.  O.  P. 

Miller,  John.                        Smith,  John. 

Calhoun,  John  C.                 Phelps,  Samuel  S. 

Mitchell,  Charles  F.            Smith,  Thomas. 

Choate,  Rufus.                      Pierce,  Franklin. 

Montanya,  J.  DeLa.            Smith,  Truman. 

Clay,  Clement  C.                  Porter,  Augustus  S. 

Monroe,  James,                    Stanley,  Edward. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Montgomery,  William.       Starkweather,  David  A. 

Clayton,  Thomas.                Preston,  William  C. 

Moore,  John.  12                   Steenrod,  Lewis. 

Conrad,  Charles  M.2           Rives,  William  C. 

Morgan,  Christopher.          Storrs,  William  L. 

Crafts,  Samuel  C.3              Sevier,  Ambrose. 

Morris,  Calvary.                  Strong,  Theron  R. 

Crittenden,  John  J.4           Simmons,  James  F. 

Morris,  Samuel  W.              Stuart,  John  T. 

Cuthbert,  Alfred.                 Smith,  Oliver  H. 

Morrow,  J.ll                        Sumter,  Thomas  D. 

Dayton,  William  L.5          Smith,  Perry. 

Naylor,  Charles.                   Swearingen,  Henry. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F.                Southard,  Samuel  L. 

Newhard,  Peter.                   Sweeney,  George. 

Evans,  George.                     Sprague,  William.  7 

Nisbet,  EugeniusA.             Taliaferro,  John. 

Fulton,  William  S.             Sturgeon,  Daniel. 

Ogle,  Charles.                       Taylor,  Jonathan. 

Graham,  William  A.           Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P. 

Osborne,  Thomas  B.             Thomas,  Francis. 

Henderson,  John.                Tappan,  Benjamin. 

Paten,  Rufus.                        Thomas,  Philip  F. 

Huntington,  Jabez  W.        Walker,  Robert  J. 

Parinenter,  William.           Thompson,  Jacob. 

Kerr,  John  L.                •      White,  Albert  S. 

Parr  is  Virgil  D.                    Thompson,  John  B.13. 

King,  William  R.                Williams,  Reuel. 

Fairish,  Isaac.                      Thompson,  W.,  Jr. 

Linn,  Louis  F.                     Wilcox,  Leonard.  8 

Pavnter,  Lemuel.                Tillinghast,  Joseph  L. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.             Woodbridge,  William. 

Peck,  Luther  C.                   Toland,  George  W. 

Marchand,  James  T.           Woodbury,  Levi. 

Petrikin,  David.                   Triplett,  Philip. 

McDuffie,  George.  6              Wright,  Silas. 

Pickens.  Francis  W.            Trumbull,  Joseph. 

McRoberts,  Samuel.            Young,  Richard  M. 

Pope,  John.                          Turney,  Hopkins  L. 

Merrick,  William  D. 

Prentiss,  John  H.                Underwood,  James. 
Proffit,  George  H.                Vanderpoel,  Aaron. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  C.  C.  Clay,  resigned.  2.  Elected 
in  place  of  Alexander  Mouton,   resigned.     3.  Ap 

Ramsey,  William  S.            Vroom,  Peter  D. 
Randall,  Benjamin.             Wagener,  David  D. 
Randolph,  John  F.              Wagner,  Peter  J. 

pointed  in  place  of  S.  Prentiss,  resigned.     4.  Elected 
in  place  of  Henry  Clay,  resigned.     5.  Elected  in  place 
of  S.  L.  Southard,  deceased.     6.  Elected  in  place  of 

Rariden,  James.                   Warren,  Lot. 
Rayner,  Kenneth.               Watterson,  Harvey  M. 

W.  C.  Preston,  resigned.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  N.  F. 
Dixon,  deceased.     8.  Elected  in  place  of  Franklin 

Reed,  John.                          Weller,  John  B. 

Pierce,  resigned. 

Reynolds,  John.                   White,  Edward  D. 

Rhett,  R.  Barn  well.             White,  John. 

REPBESENTATIVES. 

Ridgway,  Joseph.                 Williams,  Christ.  H. 

John  White,  Speaker. 

Rives,  Francis  L.                 Williams,  Henry. 

Adams,  John  Q.                   Butler,  William. 

Robinson,  Thomas  Jr.         Williams,  Jared. 

Alford,  Julius  C.                  Butler,  William  O. 

Rogers,  Edward.                  Williams,  Joseph  L. 

Allen,  Elisha  H.                  Caldwell,  Green  W. 

Rogers,  James.                    Williams,  Lewis. 

Andrews,  Landaff  W.          Caldwell,  Patrick  L. 

Russell,  David.                     Williams,  Sherrod. 

Andrews,  Sherlock  J.          Calhoun,  William  B. 

Ryall,  Daniel  B.                   Williams,  Thomas  W. 

Appleton,  Nathan.  1            Campbell,  John. 

Saltonstall,  Leverett.          Wick,  William  W. 

Arnold,  Thomas  J.              Campbell,  Thomas  J. 

Samuel,  Green  B.                Winthrop,  Robert  C.I  4 

Arrington,  Archibald  H.     Campbell,  William  B. 

Sergeant,  John.                    Wise,  Henry  A. 

Atherton,  Charles  G.           Caruthers,  Robert  L. 

SJiuw,  Tristam.                     Worthington,  J.  T.  H. 

Aycrigg,  John  B.                  Gary,  George  B. 

SJaepard,  Charles. 

Babcock,  Alfred.                  Casey,  Zadoc. 

1.    Elected  in  place  of  J.  C.  Alvord,    who  never 

Baker,  Osman.                      Chapman,  Reuben. 

took  his  seat.     2.    Elected  in   place   of  William  L. 

Banks,  Linn.                        Childs,  Timothy. 

Storrs,    resigned.     3.    Elected   in   place   of  Richard 

Barnard,  Daniel  D.              Chittenden,  Thomas  C. 

Biddle,    resigned.     4.    Elected   in    place   of    Anson 

Barton,  Richard  W.             Clark,  John  L. 

Brown,    deceased.     5.    Elected  in  place  of  W.   T. 

Beeson,  Henry  W.                Clark,  Staley  N. 

Oolquitt,   resigned.     6.    Elected  in  place   of  F.  H. 

Bidlack,  Benjamin  A.         Clifford,  Nathan. 

Howard,   resigned.     7.    Elected    in   place  of  Joel 

Birdseye,  Victory.                Clinton,  James  G. 

Holman,   resigned.     8.    Elected  in  place   of  C.   F. 

Black,  Edward  J.                Coles,  Walter. 

Mercer,   resigned.      9.    Elected  in  place  of  W.   S. 

Black,  Henry.  2                    Colquitt,  Walter  T. 

Ramsey,  deceased.     10.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  W. 

Blair,  Barnard.                    Cooper,  James. 

Potter,  deceased.     11.    Elected  in  place  of  Thomas 

Boardman,  William  W.      Cooper,  Mark. 

Corwin,  resigned.     12.  Elected  in  place  of  R.  Gar 

Borden,  Nathaniel  B.          Cowen,  Benjamin  S. 

land,  resigned.    13.  Elected  in  place  of  S.  H.  Ander 

Botts,  John  M.                   Cranston,  Robert  B. 

son,  deceased.     14.  Elected  in  place  of  A.  Lawrence, 

Boyd,  Linn.                          Cross,  Edward. 

resigned. 

Brewster,  David  P.              Cravens,  John  H. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Chapman,  W.  W.                Downing,  Charles. 

Briggs,  George  N.                Crawford,  George  W.4 
Brockway,  John  H.            Gushing,  Caleb. 
Bronson,  David.  3                 Daniel,  J.  R.  J. 

Doty,  James  D. 

Brown,  Aaron  V.                  Davis,  Garrett. 

THE  TWENTY-SEVENTH  CONGRESS. 

Brown,  Charles.                   Davis,  Richard  D. 
Brown,  Jeremiah.                Dawson,  John  B. 

SENATORS. 

Brown,  Milton.                    Dawson,  William  C. 

John  Tyler  Vice-President. 

Brown,  Samuel  S.                Dean,  Ezra. 

Allen,  William.                   Barrow,  Alexander. 

Burke,  Edmund.                  Deberry,  Edmund. 

Archer,  William  S.             Bates,  Isaac  L. 

Burnell,  Barker.                  Dimock,  Davis,  Jr. 

Bugby,  Arthur  P.I              Bayard.  Richard  H. 

Butler,  Sampson  H.            Doan,  William, 

xlviii 


TABULAR     RE  CORDS. 


Doig,  Andrew  W. 
Eastman,  Ira  A. 
Edwards.  John. 
Edwards,  John  C. 
Egbert,  Joseph. 
Everett,  Horace. 
Ferris,  Charles  G. 
F*essenden,  William. 
Fillmore,  Millavd. 
Floyd,  Charles  A. 
Floyd,  James  G. 
Foster,  A.  Lawrence. 

Mattocks,  John. 
Maxwell,  J.  R.  B- 
Maynard,  John. 
McClellan,  Abraham. 
McClellan,  Robert. 
McKav,  James  J. 
McKermon,  T.  M.  T. 
McKeon,  John. 
Medill,  William. 
Meri  wether,  Joseph  A. 
Miller,  John. 
Mitchell,  Anderson.  7 

Tillinghast,  John  L.            Weller,  John  B. 
Toland,  George  W.              Westbrook,  John. 
Tomlinson,  Thomas  A.        White,  Edward  D. 
Triplett,  Philip.                   White.  Joseph  L. 
Trotts,  S.  W.ll                    Williams,  Christ.  H. 
Trumbull,  John.                  Williams,  Joseph  L. 
Turney,  Hopkins  L.            Williams,  Joseph  W. 
Underwood,  Joseph.            Williams,  Lewis. 
Van  Buren,  John.                Williams,  Thomas  W. 
Van  Rensselaer,  Henry.      Winthrop,  Robert  C.  12 
Wallace,  David.                   Wise,  Henry  A. 
Ward,  Aaron.                       Wood.  Fernando. 

Foster!  Thomas  F. 
Fornence,  Joseph. 
Gamble,  Roger  L. 

Moore,  John. 
Morgan,  Christopher. 
Morris,  Calvary. 

Warren,  Lot.                        Young,  Augustus. 
Washington,  William  H.    Young,  John. 
Watterson,  Harvey  M.        Yorke,  Thomas  J. 

Gates,  Seth  M. 

Morrow,  Jeremiah. 

1.  Elected   in  place  of  R.  C.  Winthrop,  resigned. 

Gentry,  Meredith  P. 

Newhard,  Peter. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Charles  Ogle,  deceased.     3. 

Gerry,  James. 

Nisbet,  Eugenius  A. 

Elected   in  place  of  George  Evans,  elected  Senator. 

Giddings,  Joshua  R. 

Oliver,  William  M. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  R.  W.  Habersham,  deceased. 

Gilmer,  Thomas  W. 

Osborue,  Thomas  B. 

5.  Elected    in   place   of  John   Greig,   resigned.      (i. 

Goggin,  William  L. 

Owsley,  Bryan  Y. 

Elected  in  place  of  John  Sergeant,  resigned.  7.  Elected 

Goode,  Patrick  G. 

Parmenter,  William. 

in  place  of  Lewis  Williams,  deceased     8.  Elected  in 

Goode,  William  O. 

Patridge,  Samuel. 

place  of  D.  Dimock,  deceased.     9.  Elected  in   place 

Gordon,  Samuel. 

Payne,  William  W. 

of  Joseph  Lawrence,  deceased.     10.  Successfully  con 

Graham,  James. 

Pearce,  James  A. 

tested  the  seat  of    Linn  Banks.         11.  Elected   in 

Granger,  Francis.  5 

Pendletou,  Nathaniel  G. 

place  of  S.  H.  Butler,  resigned.     12.  Appointed  and 

Green,  Willis. 

Pickens,  Francis  W. 

subsequently  elected  in  place  of  N.  Appleton,  resigned. 

Greig,  John. 
Gustine,  Amos. 

Plummer,  Arnold. 
Pope,  John. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Gwin,  William  M. 

Powell,  Cuthbert. 

Dodge,  Augustus  C.             Levy,  David. 

Habersham,  Richard  W. 

Proffit,  George  1  1. 

Dodge.  Henry. 

Hall   Hiland. 

Randall,  Alexander. 

Halstead,  William. 

Randall,  Benjamin. 

THE  TWENTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 

Harris,  William  A. 

Randolph,  Joseph  F. 

SENATORS. 

Hastings,  John. 

Ramsey,  Robert. 

Willie  P.  Mangum,  President  Pro  Tcm.l 

Hastings,  Willu.m  S. 
Hays,  Samuel  L. 
Henry,  Thomas. 
Holmes,  Isanc  E. 
Hopkins,  George  W. 

Rayner,  Kenneth. 
Read,  Almon  H.8 
Reding,  John  R. 
Rencher,  Abraham. 
Reynolds,  John. 

Allen,  William.                    Huger,  Daniel  E.9 
Archer,  William  S.               Huntington,  Jabez  W. 
Ashley,  Chester.  2                Jarnagan,  Spencer. 
Atchison,  David  R.3           Johnson,  Henry.  10 
Atherton,  Charles  G.           King,  William  R. 

Houck,  Jacob,  Jr. 
Houston,  Gecrge  S. 
Howard,  Jacob  M. 
Hubard,  Edmund  W. 
Hudson,  Charles. 
Hunt,  Hiram  P. 
Hunt,  R.  M.  T. 
Ingersoll,  Charles  J. 
Ingersoll,  John  R.G 
Irvin,  James. 
Irwin,  William  W. 
Jack,  William. 
James,  Francis. 
Johnson,  Cave. 
Johnson,  William  C. 
Jones,  Isaac  D. 
Jones,  John  W. 
Keirn,  George  M. 
Kennedy,  Andrew. 
Kennedy,  John  P. 
King,  Thomas  B. 
Lane,  Henry  S. 
Lawrence,  Joseph. 
Lewis,  Dixon  H. 
Linn,  Archibald  L. 

Rhett,  R.  B. 
Ridgway,  Joseph. 
Riggs,  Lewis. 
Rodney,  George  B. 
Rogers,  James. 
Roosevelt,  James  J. 
Russell,  Joseph  M.9 
Russell,  William. 
Saltonstall,  Leverett. 
Sanford,  John.; 
Sanders,  Romulus  M. 
Sergeant,  John. 
Shaw,  Tristam. 
Shepherd,  Augustus  If. 
Shields,  Benjamin  D. 
Simonton,  William. 
Slade,  William. 
Smith,  Truman. 
Smith,  William.  10 
Snyder,  John. 
Sollers,  Augustus  R. 
Sprigg,  James  C. 
Stanley.  Edward. 
Steinrod,  Lewis. 
Stokely,  Samuel. 

Bagby,  Arthur  C.                 Lewis,  Dixon  H.ll 
Barrow,  Alexander.             McDuffie,  George. 
Bates,  Isaac  C.                      Merrick,  William  D. 
Bayard,  Richard  H.             Miller,  Jacob  W. 
Benton,  Thomas  H.             Moorehead,  John  F. 
Berrian,  John  McPherson.  Niles,  John  M. 
Breese,  Sidney.                     Pearce,  James  A. 
Buchanan,  James.               Phelps,  Samuel  A. 
Choate,  Rufus.                       Porter,  Alexander. 
Clayton,  Thomas.                 Porter,  Augustus  S. 
Colquitt,  Walter  F.             Rives,  William  C. 
Crittenden,  John  J.             Semple,  James.  12 
Dayton,  William  L.             Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 
Dickinson,  Daniel  S.4        Simmons,  James  F. 
Dix,  John  A.  5                      Sprague,  William. 
Evans,  George.                    Sturgeon,  Daniel. 
Fairfield,  John.6                  Tallmadge,  Nathaniel  P. 
Foster,  Ephraim  H.             Tappan,  Benjamin. 
Foster,  Henry  A.7               Upham,  William. 
Francis,  John  B.8               Walker,  Robert  J. 
Fulton,  William  S.              White,  Albert  S. 
Hannegan,  Edward  A.        Woodbridge,  William. 
Haywood,  William  H.        Woodbury,  Levi. 
Henderson.  John.                Wright,  Silas. 

Littlefield,  Nathaniel  S. 

Stratton,  Charles  C. 

1.   Vice  -President  in  place   of  John  Tyler,    who 

Lowell,  Joshua  A. 

Stuart,  A.  H.  H. 

became   President.     2.    Elected  in  place  of  W.    S. 

Mallory,  Francis. 

Stuart,  John  T. 

Fulton,  deceased.     3.  Appointed,  and  subsequently 

Marchand,  Albert  G. 

Summers,  George  W. 

elected,    in  place  of  Louis  F.    Linn,   deceased.     4. 

Marshall,  Alfred. 

Sumter,  Thomas  D. 

Appointed,  and  subsequently  elected,  in  place  of  N. 

Marshall,  Thomas  F. 

Sweeney,  George. 

P.   Tallmadge,    resigned.      5.    Elected    in  place  of 

Mason,  John  T. 

Talliaferro,  John. 

Silas  Wright,  Jr.  ,  resigned.     6.  Elected  in  place  of' 

Mason,  Sampson. 

Thompson,  Jacob.    • 

Reuel  Williams,  resigned.     7.  Appointed  in  place  of 

Muthews,  James. 

Thompson,  John  B. 

Silas  Wright,  Jr.,  resigned.     8.  Elected  in  place  of 

Mathiot.  Joshua. 

Thompson,  Richard  W. 

William  Spraeue,  resigned.     9.  Elected  in  place  of 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


xlix 


J.    C.    Calhoun,   resigned.     10.    Elected  in  place  of 

McClellan,  Robert.              Severance,  Luther. 

Alexander   Porter,    deceased.      11.    Appointed,   and 

McClernan,  John  A.            Seymour,  David  L. 

subsequently  elected,   in  place  of  W.   R.   King,  re 

McConnell,  Felix  G.           Seymour,  Thomas  H. 

signed.     12.  Appointed,  and  subsequently  elected, 

McDowell,  Joseph  J.           Simons,  Samuel. 

in  place  of  S.  Me.  Roberts,  deceased. 

Mcllvaine,  A.  R.                 Simpson,  Richard. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

McKay,  James  J.                Slidell,  John. 

Miller,  John.                        Smith,  Alfred. 

John  W.  Jones,  Speaker. 

Moore,  Heman  A.8             Smith,  Caleb  B. 

Abbott,  Amos.                      Douglass,  Stephen  A. 
Adams,  John  Q.                    Dromgoole,  George  C. 
Anderson,  Joseph  H.           Duncan,  Alexander. 
Arrington,  A.  H.                  Dunlap,  Robert  P. 
Ashe,  John  B.                       Ellis,  Chessenden. 

Morris,  Ed.  Joy.                  Smith,  John  T. 
Morris,  Joseph.                    Smith,  Robert. 
Morse,  Freeman  H.             Smith,  Thomas. 
Morse,  Isaac  E.                    Spence.  Thomas  A. 
Moseley,  William  A.           Steenrod,  Lewis. 

Atkinson,  Archibald.          Elmer,  LuciusQ.  C. 
Baker,  Osmyn.                     Farlis,  Israel  T. 
Barnard,  Daniel  D.              Ficklin,  Orlando  B. 

Murphy,  Henry  C.              Stewart,  Andrew. 
Nes,  Henry.                          Stewart,  John. 
Newston,  Willoughby.       Stetson,  Lemuel. 

Barringer,  Daniel  M.          Fish,  Hamilton. 
Bayly,  Thomas  H.I             Florence,  Elias, 
Beardsley,  Samuel.              Foster,  Henry  D. 
Belser,  James  E.                  Foot,  Solomon. 
Benton,  Charles  S.               French,  Richard. 

Norris.  Moses,  Jr.                Stevens,  A.  H. 
Owen,  Robert  Dale.             Stiles,  William  H. 
Parmenter,  William.           St.  John,  Henry. 
Patterson,  Thomas  J.          Stone,  Alfred  P.  10 
Payne,  William  W.             Stone,  Joseph  W. 

Bidlack,  Benjamin  A.         Frick,  Henry. 
Black,  Edward  J.                 Fuller,  George.5 
Black,  James.                       Giddings,  Joshua  R. 
Black,  James  A.                   Gilmer,  Thomas  W. 
Blackwell,  Julius  W.          Goggin  William  M.6 
Bossier,  Peter  E.                  Green,  Byram. 
Bower,  Gustavus  M.            Green,  Willis. 

Pettis,  John.                        Strong,  Selah  B. 
Peyton,  Joseph  H.               Summers,  George  W. 
Phoenix.  J.  Phillips.           Sykes,  George. 
Pollack,  James.  9                 Tavlor,  Asher. 
Potter,  Elisha  R.                 Taylor,  William. 
Potter,  Emery  D.                 Thomasson,  William  P. 
Pratt,  Zadoc.                        Thompson,  Jacob. 

Bowlin,  James  B.                Grider,  Henry. 

Preston,  Jacob  A.                Tibbatts,  John  W. 

Boyd,  Linn.                          Grinnell,  Joseph. 
Brengle,  Francis.                  Hale,  John  P. 
Brinkerhoft',  Henry  R.         Hamlin,  Edward  8.7 
Brinkerhoff,  J.                      Hamlin,  Hannibal. 

Purdy,  Smith  M.                Tilden.  Daniel  1*. 
Ramsey,  Alexander.            Tucker,  Tilghman  M. 
Rathbun,  George.                 Vance,  Joseph. 
Raynor.  Renneth.                Vanmeter,  John  J. 

Brodhead,  Richard.             Hammett,  William  H. 
Brown,  Aaron  V.                 Haralson,  Hugh  A. 
Brown,  Jeremiah.                Hardin,  John  J. 

Read,  Almon  H.                   Vinton,  Samuel  F. 
Reed,  Charles  M.                 Weller,  John  B. 
Reeding,  John  R.                 Wentworth,  John. 

Brown,  Milton.                    Harper,  Alexander. 
Brown,  William  J.              Hays,  Alexander. 

Reid,  David  S.                      Wetheral,  John. 
Relf,  Joseph  H.                     Wheaton,  Horace. 

Buffinger,  Joseph.                Henly,  Thomas  J. 
Burke.  Edmund.                  Herrick.  Joshua. 

Rhett,  R.  B.                          White,  Benjamin. 
Ritter,  John.                        White,  John. 

Burt,  Armistead.                  Hoge,  Joseph  P. 
Caldwell,  George  A.            Holmes,  Isaac  E. 
Campbell,  John.                   Hopkins,  George  W. 
Oarey,  Jeremiah  E.              Houston,  George  S. 
Carey,  Shepard.                    Hubard,  E.  W. 
Carpenter,  Levi  D.2            Hubbell,  William  S. 
Carroll,  Charles  H.               Hudson,  Charles. 
Catlin,  George  H.                Hughes,  Joseph  M. 
Causin,  J.  M.  S.                   Hungerford,  Orville. 
Chapman,  Augustus  A.      Hunt,  James  B. 

Roberts,  Robert  W.             Wilkins,  William. 
Robinson,  Orville.               Williams,  Henry. 
Rockwell,  Julius.                 Winthrop,  Robert  C. 
Rodney,  George  B.              Wise,  Henry  A. 
Rogers,  Charles.                   Woodward,  Joseph  A. 
Russell,  Jeremiah.               Wright,  Joseph  A. 
Sample,  Samuel  C.              Wright,  Williams. 
Saunders,  Romulus  M.       Yancey,  William  L.ll 
Schenck,  Robert  C.             Yost,  Jacob  S. 
Senter,  William  T. 

Chapman,  Reuben.              Hunt,  Washington. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  A.  Wise,  resigned. 

Chappell,  Absalom  H.         Ingersoll,  Charles  J. 

2.  Elected   in  place  of  Samuel  Beardsley,  resigned. 

Chilton,  Samuel.                  Ingersoll,  Joseph  R. 

3.  Elected  in   place   of  John  Millen,  deceased.     4. 

Clinch,  Duncan  L.3            Irvin,  James. 

Elected    in    place    of   William   Wilkins,    resigned. 

Cliugman,  Thomas  L.         Jameson,  John. 

5.  Elected   in   place  of  A.  H.  Read,   deceased.     6. 

Clinton,  James  D.                Jenks,  Michael  H. 

Elected   in   place   of  T.   W.    Gilmer,   resigned.     7. 

Cobb,  Howell.                       Johnson,  Andrew. 

Elected   in  place  of  Ed.    S.   Brinkerhoff,    deceased. 

Coles,  Walter.                       Johnson,  Cave. 

8.  Elected  in  place  of  Peter  Bossier,  deceased.     9. 

Col  lamer,  Jacob.                  Johnson,  Perley  B. 

Elected  in  place  of  H.  Frick,  deceased.     10.  Elected 

Cranston,  Henry  Y.              Jones,  George  W. 

in  place  of  H.  A.   Moore,  deceased.     11.  Elected  in 

Cross.  Henry.                        Kennedy,  Andrew. 

place  of  D.  H.  Lewis,  appointed  Senator. 

Cullon,  Alvin.                       Kennedy,  John  P. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Dana,  Aniasa.                       King,  Daniel  P. 

Dodge,  Augustus  C.             Le^T)  David. 

Daniel,  John  R.  J.               King,  Preston. 

Dodge,  Henry. 

Darragh,  Cornelius.4          Kirkpatrick,  L. 

Davis,  Garrett.                     Labranche,  Alcee. 

THE  TWENTY-NINTH  CONGRESS. 

Davis,  John  W.                    Leonard,  Moses. 

SENATORS. 

Davis,  Richard  D.                Lewis,  Dixon  H. 
Dawson,  John  B.                 Lucas,  William. 

George  M.  Dallas,  Vice-President. 

Dean,  Ezra.                          Lumpkin,  John  H. 

Allen,  William.                    Bagby,  Arthur  P. 

Deberry,  Edmund.              Lyon,  Lucius. 

Archer,  William  S.              Barrow,  Alexander. 

Dellett,  James.                    Maclay,  William  B. 

Ashley,  Chester.                  Benton,  Thomas  H. 

Dickey,  John.                       Marsh,  George  P. 

Atchinson,  D.  B.                  Berrian,  J.  McPherson. 

Dickinson,  D.  W.                 Matthews,  James. 

Atherton,  Charles  G.           Breese,  Sidney. 

Dillingham,  Paul,  Jr.        McCauslan,  William. 

Badger,  George  E.1            Bright,  Jesse  D. 

d 

T  A  B  U  L  A  R     RECORDS. 


Buchanan,  James.                Johuson,  Henry. 

Ficklin.  Orlando  B. 

McHenry,  John  H. 

Butler.  Andrew  P.  2             Johnson,  Reverdy. 

Foster,  Henry  D. 

Mcllvane,  A.  R. 

Calhoun,  John  C.3               Lewis.  Dixon  H. 

Foot,  Solomon. 

McKay,  James  J. 

Cameron,  Simon.4                Mangum,  Willie  P. 

Fries,  George. 

Miller,  William  S. 

Cass,  Lewis.                          Mason,  James  M.I) 

Garvin,  William  S. 

Morris,  Joseph. 

Chalmers,  John  W.5           McDuffie,  George. 

Gentry,  Meredith  P. 

Morris,  Moses,  Jr. 

Cilley,  Joseph.  6                   Miller,  Jacob  W. 

Giddings,  Joshua  R. 

Morse,  Isaac  P. 

Clayton,  John  M.                Moorehead,  James  T. 

Giles,  William  F.   • 

Moseley,  William  A. 

Clayton,  Thomas.                 Niles,  John  M. 

Gordon,  Samuel. 

Moulton.  Mace. 

Cohjuitt,  Walter  T.             Pearce,  James  A. 

Goodyear,  Charles. 

Newton,  Thomas  W.9 

Corwin,  Thomas.                  Pennybacker,  J.  S. 

Graham,  James. 

Niven,  Archibald  C. 

Crittenden,  John  J.             Phelps,  William  S. 

Grider,  Henry. 

Owen,  Robert  D. 

Davis.  John.  7                        Rusk,  Thomas  J. 

Griunell,  Joseph. 

Parrish,  Isaac. 

Dayton,  William  L.             Semple,  James. 

Grover,  Martin. 

Payne,  William  W. 

Dickinson,  Daniel  S.           Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 

Hale,  Artemus. 

Pettit,  John. 

Dix,  John  A.                        Simmons,  James  F. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal. 

Pendloton,  John  S. 

Evans.  George.                     Soule,  Pierre.  10 

Hampton,  James  G. 

Perrill,  Augustus  L. 

Fairiield.  John.                    Speight,  Jesse. 

Haralson,  Hugh  A. 

Perry,  Thomas. 

Hannegan,  Edward  A.        Sturgeon,  Daniel. 

Harmanson,  J.  H. 

Phelps,  John  S. 

Hastings,  S.  C.                     Turney,  Hopkins  L. 

Harper,  Alexander. 

Pillsbury,  Timothy. 

Haywood,  William  H.        Upham  W. 

Hastings,  S.  Clinton. 

Poe.  Washington. 

Houston,  Samuel.                 Walker,  R.  J. 

Henley,  Thomas  J. 

Pollock,  James. 

Huntington,  Jabez  W.        Webster,  Daniel. 

Henry.  John.  5 

Price,  Sterling.  " 

Greene,  Albert  C.                Wescott,  J.  D. 

Herrick,  Richard  P. 

Ramsey,  Alexander. 

Jarnagin.  Spencer.              Woodbridge,  William. 

Hillard,  Henry  W. 

Rathbun,  George. 

Jenness,  Beuning  W.8        Yulee,  David  L. 

Hoge,  Joseph  P. 

Reid.  David  S. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  H.  Haywood,  resigned. 
2.  Appointed  in  place  of  George  McDuffie,  resigned. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Daniel   E.  Huger,   resigned. 
4.  Elected   in  place  of  James   Buchanan,   resigned. 
6.  Elected    in    place    of    R.    J.    Walker,    resigned. 
6.  Elected   in  place    of  Levi  Woodbury,   resigned. 
7.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  C.  Bates,  deceased.     8.  Ap 
pointed   in   place  of  Levi  Woodbury,  resigned.     9. 
Elected  in    place  of  J.  S.   Pennybacker,   deceased. 
10.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Barrow,  deceased. 

Holmes,  Elias  B. 
Holmes,  Isaac  E. 
Hopkins,  George  W. 
Hough,  William  J. 
Houston,  George  S. 
Houston,  John  W. 
Hubard,  Edmund  W. 
Hubbard,  Samuel  D. 
Hudson,  Charles. 
Hungerford,  Orville. 
Hunt,  James  B. 

Relfe,  James  H. 
Rhett,  R.  B. 
Ripley,  Thomas  C.10 
Ritter.  John. 
Roberts.  Robert  W. 
Rockwell,  James  A. 
Rockwell,  Julius. 
Root,  Joseph  M. 
Runk,  John. 
Russell,  Joseph. 
Sawtelle,  Cullen. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Hunt,  Washington. 

Sawyer,  William. 

Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 

Scammon,  John  F. 

John  W.  Davis,  Speaker. 

Ingersoll,  Charles  J. 

Schenek,  Robert  C. 

Abbott,  Amos.                      Chipman,  John  S. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  R. 

Seaman,  Henry  G. 

Adams,  John  Q.                   Clark,  Henry  S. 

Jenkins,  Timothy. 

Seddon,  James  A. 

Adams,  Stephen.                  Cobb,  Howell. 

Johnson,  Andrew. 

Severance,  Luther. 

Anderson,  Joseph  H.          Cocke,  William  M. 

Johnson,  James  H. 

Simpson,  Richard  F. 

Arnold,  Lemuel  H.             Collamer,  Jacob. 

Johnson,  Joseph. 

Sims,  Alexander  D. 

Ashmun,  George.                 Collins.  John  F. 

Jones,  George  W. 

Sims.  Leonard  H. 

Atkinson,  Archibald.          Constable,  Albert. 

Jones,  Seaborn. 

Slidell,  John. 

Baker,  Edward  D.               Cottrell,  J.  L.  F.3 

Kauffman,  David  S. 

Smith,  Albert. 

Barringer,  Daniel  M.          Cranston,  Henry  Y. 

Kennedy,  Andrew. 

Smith,  Caleb  B. 

Bayly,  Thomas  H.               Crozier,  John  H. 

King,  Daniel  P. 

Smith,  Robert. 

Bell,  Joshua  F.                    Cullom,  Alvin. 

King,  Preston. 

Smith,  Thomas. 

Benton,  Charles  S.               Culver.  Erastus  D. 

King,  Thomas  B. 

Smith,  Truman. 

Black,  James.                       Cummings,  J.  D. 

La  Sere,  Emile.6 

Stanton,  Fred.  P. 

Black,  James  A.                  Cunningham,  F.  A. 

Lawrence,  John  W. 

Starkweather,  D.  A. 

Blanchard,  John.                 Daniels,  J.  R.  J. 

Leake,  Shelton  F. 

Stephens,  A.  H. 

Bowden,  Franklin  W.I       Dargan,  Edmund  S. 

Leftler,  Shepherd. 

Stewart,  Andrew. 

Bowlin,  James  B.                 Darragh,  Cornelius. 

Leib,  Owen  D. 

St.  John,  Henry. 

Boyd,  Linn.                          Davis,  Garrett. 

Levin,  Lewis  C. 

Strohm,  John. 

Briggs,  Asa.                          Davis,  Jefferson. 

Lewis,  Abner. 

Strong,  Stephen. 

Brinckerhoff,  Jacob.            Delano,  Columbus. 

Lyon,  Thomas  W. 

Sykes,  George. 

Brockenbrough,  W.  H.2    De  Mott,  John. 

Long,  Edward  H. 

Taylor,  William. 

Brodhead,  Richard.             Dillingham,  Paul,  Jr. 

Lumpkin,  John  H. 

Thibadeaux,  B.  G. 

Brown,  Milton.                    Dixon,  James. 

Maclay,  William  B. 

Thomasson,  William  P. 

Brown.  William  C.              Dobbins,  James  C. 

Marsh,  George  P. 

Thompson,  Benjamin, 

Burlington,  Joseph.              Dockery,  Alfred. 

Martin,  Barclay. 

Thompson,  Jacob. 

Burt,  Armistead.                 Douglass,  Stephen  A. 

Martin,  John  P. 

Thompson,  James. 

Cabell,  E.  C.                         Dromgoole,  George  C. 

McClean,  Moses. 

Thurman,  Allen  G. 

Campbell.  John  H.              Dunlap,  Robert  P. 

McClelland,  Robert. 

Tibbatts,  John  W. 

Campbell,  W.  W.                Edsell,  Joseph  E. 

McClernand,  John  A. 

Tilden,  Daniel  B. 

Carroll,  Charles  H.              Ellett,  Henry  T.4 

McConnell,  Felix  G. 

Tombs,  Robert. 

Cathcart,  Charles  W.           Ellsworth,  Samuel  S. 

McCrate,  John  D. 

Towns,  George  W.ll 

Chapman,  Augustus  A.      Erdman,  Jacob. 

McDaniel,  William.  7 

Tredway,  William  W. 

Chapman,  John  G.               Ewing,  Edwin  H. 

McDowell  James.  8 

Trumbo,  Andrew. 

Chapman,  Reuben.               Ewing,  John  H. 

McDowell,  Joseph  J. 

Vance,  Joseph. 

Chase,  Lucien  B.                 Faran,  James  J. 

McGaughey,  Edward  W. 

Vinton,  Samuel  F. 

TABULAR     KE  CORDS. 


li 


Wentworth,  .John. 
Wheaton,  Horace. 
White,  Hugh. 
Wick,  William  W. 
Williams,  Hezekiah. 
Wilmot,  David. 
Winthrop.  Robert  C. 
Wood.  Bed  lord  R. 


Woodruff,  Thomas  M. 
Woodward,  Joseph  A. 
Woodworth,  William  W. 
Wright,  William. 
Yancev,  William  L. 
Yell,  Archibald. 
Yost,  Jacob  S. 
Young,  Bryan  R. 
1.  Elected  in  place  of  F.  G.  McConnell,  deceased. 

2.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  E.  C.  Cabell. 

3.  Elec-ted  in  place  of  William  L.  Yancey.  resigned. 

4.  Elected    in    place   of  Jefferson    Davis,    resigned. 

5.  Elected  in  place  of  Edward   I>.  Baker,  resigned, 
(j.  Elected   in   place  of  John   Slidell,   resigned.     7. 
Elected  in    place   of   Sterling    Price,   resigned.     8. 
Elected    in    place    of    William     Ta.vloi,    deceased. 

9.  Elected    in    place    of    Archibald    lell,    resigned. 

10.  Elected  in  place  of  Richard  P.  Herrick,  deceased. 

1 1.  Elected  in  place  of  Washington  Poe,  resigned. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Dodge.  Augustus  C.  Martin,  Morgan  L. 

THE   THIRTIETH   CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 

George  M.  Dallas,  Vice-president. 
Allen,  William.  Fitzgerald,  Thomas. 4 

Ashley,  Chester. 
Atchinson,  David  R. 
vtherton,  Charles  G. 
Badger,  George  E. 
Bagby,  Arthur  P. 
Baldwin,  Roger  S.I 
Hell,  John. 


.'V>nton.  Thomas  H. 


Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin.5 
Foote,  Henry  S. 
Greene,  Albert  C. 
Hall.  John  P. 
Hannegau,  Edward  A. 
Hanilin,  Hannibal. 6. 
Houston,  Samuel. 
Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 


Berrian,  John  McPherson.  Johnson,  HeiNchell  V.7 


Borland,  Solon. 2 
Bradbury,  James  W 
P.reese,  Sidney. 
Bright,  Jesse  D. 
Butler,  Andrew  P. 
Calhoun,  John  C. 
Cameron,  Simon. 
Cass.  Lewis. 
Clark,  John  H. 
Clayton,  John  M. 
Colquitt,  Walter  T. 
Corwin,  Thomas. 
Crittenden,  John  J. 
Davis,  Jefferson. 3 
Davis,  John. 
Dayton,  William  L. 
Dickinson,  Daniel  S. 

Oix,  John  A. 

Dodge.  Augustus  C. 

Dodge,  Henry 

Douglass,  Stephen  A. 

Downs,  Solomon  W 

Fuirfield,  John. 


Johnson,  Henry. 
Jones,  George  W. 
King,  William  R.8 
Lewis,  Dixon  H. 
Man  "•urn.  Willie  P. 
Mason,  James  M. 
Metcalf,  Thomas. 9 
Miller,  Jacob  W. 
Moore,  W.  B.  S.10 
Niles,  John  M. 
Pearce,  James  A. 
Rusk,  Thomas  J. 
Sebastian,  William  K.11 
Sevier,  Ambrose  H. 
Spruance,  Presley. 
Sturgeon.  Daniel. 
Turney,  Hopkins  L. 
Underwood,  James  R. 
Upham.  William. 
Wales,  John.  12 
Walker.  Isaac  P. 
Webster,  Daniel. 
Wescott,  James  D.,  Jr. 
Yulee,  David  L. 


Felch,  Alpheus. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  Jabe/-  Yr.  Huntington, 
deceased.  2.  Appointed  and  subsequently  elected  in 
place  of  A.  H.  Sevier,  resignec  3.  Appointed  and 
subsequently  elected  in  place  of  Jesse  Speight,  de 
ceased.  4.  Appointed  in  place  of  Lewis  Cass,  re 
signed.  5.  Appointed  in  place  of  Dixon  H.  Lewis, 
deceased.  6.  Elected  in  place  of  John  Fairrield, 
deceased.  7.  Appointed  in  place  of  W.  T.  Colquitt, 
resigned.  8.  Appointed  and  subsequently  elected  in 
place  of  A.  P.  Bagby,  resigned.  9.  Appointed  and 
subsequently  elected  in  place  of  J.  J.  Crittenden, 
resigned.  10.  Appointed  in  place  of  John  Fail-field, 
deceased  11.  Appointed  in  place  of  Chester  Ashley, 
deceased.  12.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  M.  Clayton,  re 
signed. 


REPKESENTATIVES. 

Robert  C.  Winthrop,  Speaker. 

Abbott,  Amos. 

Freeley,  John. 

Adams,  Green. 

French.  Richard. 

Adams,  John  Q. 

Fries,  George. 

Ashmun,  George. 

Fulton,  Andrew. 

Atkinson,  Archibald. 

Gaines,  John  P. 

Barringer,  Daniel  M. 

Gayle,  John. 

Barrow,  Washington. 

Gentry,  Meredith  P. 

Bayley,  Thomas  H. 

Giddings,  Joshua  R. 

Beale*  R.  L.  T. 

Goggin,  William  L. 

Bedinger,  Henry. 

Gott,  Daniel. 

Belcher,  Hiram. 

Greeley,  Horace.  3 

Birdsall,  Ausburn. 

Green,  James  S. 

Bingham,  Kingsley  S. 

Gregory,  Dudley  S. 

Black,  James  A. 

Grinnell,  Joseph. 

Blackmar,  Esbon.l 

Hale,  Artemus. 

Blanchard,  John. 

Hall,  Nathan. 

Bocock,  Thomas  S. 

Hall,  Willard  P. 

Botts,  John  M. 

Hammond,  David. 

Bowdon,  Franklin  W. 

Hampton,  James  G. 

Bowlin.  James  B. 

Hampton,  Moses. 

Boyd,  Linn. 

Harmanson,  John  H. 

Boyden,  Nathaniel. 

Haralson,  Hugh  A. 

Brady,  Joseph  E. 

Harris,  Sampson  W. 

Bridges,  Samuel  A.  2 

Haskell,  William  T. 

Brodhead.  Richard. 

Ilenly,  Thomas  J. 

Brown,  Albert  G. 

Henry,  William. 

Brown,  Charles. 

Hill,  H.  L.  W. 

Brown,  William  G. 

Hillard,  Henry  W. 

Buckner,  Aylett. 

Holley,  John  M. 

Burt,  Armistead. 

Holmes,  Elias  B. 

Butler,  Chester. 

Holmes,  Isaac  E. 

Cabell,  E.  Carrington. 

Hornbeck,  John  W. 

Canby.  Richard  S. 

Houston,  George  S. 

Cathcart,  Charles  W. 

Houston,  John  W. 

Chapman,  John  G. 

Hubbard,  Samuel  D. 

Chase,  Lucien  B. 

Hudson,  Charles. 

Clapp,  Asa  W.  H. 

Hunt,  Washington. 

Clark,  Beverly  L. 

Inge,  Samuel  W. 

Clark,  Franklin. 

Ingersoll,  Charles  J. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L. 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  R. 

Cobb,  Howell. 

Iverson,  Alfred. 

Cobb,  W.  R.  W. 

Irvin,  Alexander. 

Cocke,  AVilliam  M. 

Jackson,  David  S. 

Col  lamer,  Jacob. 

Jamieson,  John. 

Collins,  William. 

Jenkins,  Timothy. 

Conger,  Harmon. 

Johnson,  Andrew. 

Cranston,  Robert  B. 

Johnson,  James  H. 

Cresfield,  John  W. 

Johnson,  Robert  W. 

Crowell,  John. 

Jones,  George  W. 

Crozier,  John  H. 

Jones,  John  W. 

Cummins.  John  D. 

Kaufman,  David  8. 

Daniel.  J.  R.  J. 

Kellogg,  Orlando. 

Darling,  Mason  C. 

Kennon,  William,  Jr. 

Dickey,  John. 

King,  Daniel  P. 

Dickinson,  Rndolpbns. 

King,  Thomas  B. 

Dixon,  James. 

Lahm,  Samuel. 

Donnell,  Richard  S. 

La  Sere,  Emile. 

Dunn,  George  G. 

Lawrence,  Sidney. 

Duncan,  Daniel. 

Lawrence,  William  T. 

Duncan,  Garnett. 

Leffler,  Shepherd. 

Duerr,  William. 

Levin,  Lewis  C. 

Eckert,  George. 

Ligon,  Thomas  W. 

Edsall,  Joseph  E. 

Lincoln,  Abraham. 

Edwards,  Thomas  O. 

Lord,  Frederick  W. 

Embree,  Elisha. 

Lumpkin,  John  H. 

Evans,  Alexander. 

Lynde,  William  P. 

Evans,  Nathan. 

Maclay,  William  B. 

Faran,  James  J. 

Mann,  Horace.  4 

Farrelly,  John  W. 

Mann,  Job. 

Featherston,  Winfield  S. 

Marsh,  George  P. 

Ficklin.  Orlando  B. 

Marvin,  Dudley. 

Fisher,  David. 

McClelland,  Robert. 

Flourney,  Thomas  F. 

McClernand,  J.  A. 

li. 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


McDowell,  James.               Simpson,  Richard  F. 
Mcllvaine,  A.  R.                  Sims,  A.  D. 

Fremont,  John  C.                 Rusk,  Thomas  J. 
Gwinn,  William  W             Sebastian,  William  K. 

McKav,  James  J.                 Slingerland,  John  I. 
McLane,  Robert  M.             Smart,  Ephraim  K. 
McQueen,  John.  5                Smith,  Caleb  B. 

Green,  Albert  C.                   Seward,  William  H. 
Hale,  John  P.                      Shields,  James. 
Hamlin,  Hannibal.              Smith,  Truman. 

Mead,  Richard  K.                Smith,  Robert. 

Houston,  Samuel.                Soule,  Pierre. 

Miller,  John  K.                    Smith,  Truman. 

Hunter,  R.  M.  T.                Spruance,  Presley. 

Moorehead,  Charles  S.         Stanton,  Frederick  F. 

Jones,  George  W.                 Stewart,  David.7 

Morris,  Jonathan  D.            Starkweather,  G.  A. 

King,  William  R.                 Sturgeon.  Daniel. 

Morse,  Isaac  E.                     Stephens,  A.  H. 

Mangum,  Willie  P.             Turney,  Hopkins  L. 

Mullin,  Joseph.                     Stewart,  Andrew. 

Mason,  James  M.                 Underwood,  Joseph  R. 

Murphy,  Henry  C.               St.  John,  Daniel  B. 

Miller,  Jacob  W.                  Upham,  William. 

Nelson,  William.                  Strohm,  John 

Morton,  Jackson.                Walker,  Isnac  P. 

Nes,  Henry.                           Strong,  William. 

Xorris,  Moses,  Jr.                Wales,  John. 

Newell,  William  A.             Stuart,  Charles  E. 

Pearce,  James  A.                Webster,  Daniel. 

Nicoll,  Henry.                     Sylvester,  Peter  H. 

Phelps,  Samuel  S.               Whiteombe,  James. 

Outlaw,  David.                    Tallmadge,  Frederick  A. 

Pratt,  Thomas  G.4              Winthrop,  Robert  C.8 

Palfrey,  John  G.                  Taylor,  John  L. 

Kantoul,  Robert,  Jr.5        Yulee,  David  L. 

Peaslee,  Charles  H.             Thibadeaux,  Bannon  G. 

Rhett,  R.  B.6 

Peck,  Lucien  B.                   Thomas,  James  H. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  F.  H.  Elmore,  deceased. 

Pendleton,  John  S.             Thompson,  Jacob. 

2.  Appointed  in  place  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  deceased. 

Petrie,  George.                     Thompson,  James. 

i.    Appointed  in  place  of  Thomas  Corwin  resigned. 

Pettit,  John.                        Thompson,  John  B. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Reverdy  Johnson,   resigned. 

Peyton,  Samuel  O.               Thompson,  Richard  W. 

5.   Elected  in  place    of  Daniel    Webster,    resigned. 

Phelps,  John  S.                    Thompson,  Robert  A. 

6.  Elected   in   place  of  John  C.  Culhoun,  deceased. 

Pillsbury,  Timothy.            Thompson,  William. 

7.  Appointed  in  place  of  Reverdy  Johnson,  resigned. 

Pollock.  James.                   Thurston,  Benjamin  B. 

S.  Appointed  in  place  of  Daniel  Webster,  resigned 

Preston,  William  B.             Tompkins,  Patrick  W. 

Putnam,  Harvey                  Toombs,  Robert. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Reynolds,  Gideon.                Tuck,  Amos. 

Howell   Cobb,  Speaker. 

Rhett,  R.  B.                           Turner,  Thomas  J. 

Albertson,  Nathaniel.         Clark,  Charles  E. 

Richardson,  William  A.      Vandyke,  John. 

Alexander,  Henry  P.           Cleveland,  Chauncey  F. 

Richey,  Thomas.                  Venable,  Abraham  W. 

Allen,  Charles.                     Clingman,  Thomas  L. 

Robinson,  John  L.               Vinton,  Samuel  F. 

Alston,  William  J.              Cobb,  W   R.  W. 

Rockhill,  William.               Wallace,  Daniel.  6 

Anderson,  Josiah  M.           Conger,  Harmon  S. 

Rockwell,  John.                   WTarren,  Cornelius. 

Andrews,  George  R.            Colecock,  William  F. 

Rockwell,  Julius.                Wentworth,  John. 

Ashe,  William  S.                 Cole,  Orsamus. 

Roman,  J.  Dixon.                 White,  Hugh. 

Ashmun,  George.                 Conrad,  Charles  M. 

Root,  Joseph  M.                    Wick,  William  W. 

Averett,  Thomas  H.             Corwin,  Moses  R. 

Rose,  Robert  L.                    Wiley,  James  S. 

Baker,  Edward  D.                Crowell,  John. 

Rumsey,  David,  Jr.             Williams,  Hezekiah. 

Bay,  W.  V.  N.                      Daniel,  J.  R.  J. 

Sawyer,  William.                 Wilmot,  David. 

Bay  ley,  Thomas  H.             Danner,  Joel  B.4 

Schenck,  Robert  C.              Wilson,  James. 

Beale,  James  W.  H.             Deberry.  Edmond. 

Shepperd,  Augustus  H.      Woodward,  Joseph  A. 

Bell,  John.l                          Dickey,  Jesse  C. 

Sherrell,  Eliakim. 

Bennett,  Henry.                   Dimmick,  Milo,  M. 

i.  Elected  in  place  of  John  M.  Holley,  deceased. 

Bingham.  Kingsley  S.         Disney,  David  T. 

2.  Elected   in   place  of  J.   N.    Horn  beck,   deceased. 

Bissell,  William  H.             Dixon,  Nathan  F. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  D.  S.  Jackson,  whose  seat  was 

Bocock,  Thomas  S.               Doty,  James  Duane. 

declared   vacant.     4.  Elected   in   place  of  John   Q. 

Bokee,  David  A.                   Duer,  William. 

Adams,  deceased.     5.  Elected  in  place  of  A.  D.  Sim«. 

Booth,  Walter.                      Duncan,  James  H. 

deceased.     6.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  A.  Black,  de 

Bowdon,  Franklin.              Dunham,  Cyrus  L. 

ceased. 

Bowie,  Richard  R.               Durkee,  Charles. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bowtin,  James  B.                 Edmonson,  Henry  A. 

Bibley,  Henry  H.                 Tweedy,  John  H. 

Boyd,  Linn.                          Elliott,  Samuel  A.5 

Breck,  Daniel.                      Evans,  Alexander. 

THE  THIRTY-FIRST   CONGRESS. 

Briggs.  George.                     Evans,  Nathan. 

Qirv  A  Tvnjd 

Brisben,  John.  2                    Ewing,  Andrew. 

OCjA  A  HJ.Ho. 

Brooks,  James.                    Featherston,  Winfield  S. 

Millar  d  Fillmore,    Vice-  President. 

Brown,  Albert  G.                 Fitch,  Graham  N. 

Atchison,  David  R.             Clemens,  Jeremiah. 

Brown,  William  J.              Fowler,  Orin. 

Badger,  George  E.               Cooper,  James. 

Buel,  Alexander  W.            Freedly,  John. 

Baldwin,  Roger  S.               Corwin  Thomas. 

Bullard,  Henry  A.  3            Fuller,  Thomas  J.  D. 

Rarnwell,  Robert  W.I        Davis,  Jefferson. 

Burroughs,  Lorenzo.           Gentry,  Meredith  P. 

Bell,  John.                             Davis,  John. 

Bnrt.  Arraistead.                 Gerry,  Elbridge. 

Benton,  Thomas  H.            Dawson,  William  C. 

Butler,  Chester.                   Giddings,  Joshua  R. 

Berrian,  J.  McPherson.      Dayton,  William  L. 

Butler,  Thomas  B.               Gilbert,  Edward. 

Borland,  Solan.                    Dickinson,  Daniel  S. 

Cabell,  E.  Carrington.         Gilmore,  Alfred. 

Bradbury,  James  W.          Dodge,  Augustus  C. 

Cable,  Joseph.                      Goodenow,  Kutus  K. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.                    Hodge,  Henry. 

Caldwell,  George  A.             Gorman,  Willis  A. 

Butler,  Arthur  P.                Douglass,  Stephen  A. 

Caldwell,  Joseph  H.            Gott,  David. 

Calhoun,  John  C.                Down,  Solomon  N. 

Calvin,  Samuel.                   Gould,  Herman  D. 

Cass,  Lewis.                         Elmore,  Franklin  H.2 

Campbell,  Lewis  D.            Greene,  James  S. 

Chase.  Salmon  P.                  Ewing,  Thomas.3 

Casey,  Joseph.                      Grinnell,  Joseph. 

Clark.  John.                         Felch.  Alpheus. 

Carter,  David  R.                  Hackett,  Thomas  C. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Foot,  Henry  8. 

Chandler,  Joseph  R,           Hall,  Willard  P. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Hi: 


Hallow&y,  Ransom. 

Orr,  James  L. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Amos  E.  Wood,  deceased. 

Hamilton,  William  F. 

Otis,  John. 

2.    Elected    in  place  of  Chester  Butler,    deceased. 

Hammond,  Edward. 

Outlaw,  David. 

3.    Elected  in  place  of  Charles  M.  Conrad,  resigned. 

Hampton,  Moses. 

Owen,  Allen  F. 

4.    Elected   in  place  of  Henry   Nes,    deceased.      5. 

Haralson,  Hugh  A. 

Parker,  Richard. 

Elected  in  place  of  R.  C.  Winthrop,  appointed  Sena 

Harlan,  Andrew  J. 

Peaslee,  Charles  H. 

tor.     6.   Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Newman,  de 

Harmanson,  John  H. 

Peck,  Lucius  B. 

ceased.     7.    Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  B.    King, 

Harris,  Isham  G. 

Penn,  Alexander  G.10 

resigned.     8.    Elected  in   place  of  Win.  Thompson. 

Harris,  Sampson  W. 

Phelps,  John  S. 

whose  seat  was  declared  vacant.     9.  Elected  in  place 

Harris,  Thomas  L. 

Phrenix,  J.  Phillips. 

of  James  Wilson,  resigned.     10.  Elected  in  place  of 

Hay,  Andrew  K. 

Pitman,  Charles  W. 

J.  H.  Harmanson,   deceased. 

Haymond,  Thomas  S.  6 

Potter,  Emory  D. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Hebard,  \Villiam. 

Powell   Paulus. 

Henry,  William. 

Putnam,  Harry. 

Sibley,  Henry  H.                Thurston,  Samuel  R. 

Hibbard,  Henry. 
Hillard,  Henry  W. 

Reed,  Robert  R. 
Reynolds,  Gideon. 

THE  THIRTY-SECOND   CONGRESS. 

Hoagland,  Moses. 

Richardson,  William  A. 

SENATORS. 

Holliday,  Alexander  K. 

Risley,  Elijah. 

William  R.  King,    Vice-President. 

Holmes,  Isaac  E. 

Robbins,  John,  Jr. 

Adams,  Stephen.  1                Hamlin,  Hannibal. 

Houston,  John  W. 

Robinson,  John  L. 

Atchison,  David  R.             Houston,  Samuel. 

Howe,  John  W. 

Rockwell,  Julius. 

Badger,  George  E.               Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 

Howard,  Volney  E. 

Root,  Joseph  M. 

Bayard,  James  A.                 James,  Charles  T. 

Hubbard,  David. 

Rose,  Robert  L. 

Bell,  John.                            Jones,  George  W. 

Hunter,  William  F. 

Ross,  Thomas. 

Berrian,  J.  McPherson.      Jones,  James  C. 

Inge,  Samuel  M. 

Rumsey,  David,  Jr. 

Borland,  Solon.                     King,  William  R. 

Jackson,  Joseph  W.7 

Sackett,  William  A. 

Bradbury,  James  W.           Mallory.  Stephen  R. 

Jackson,  William  T. 

Sawtelle,  Cullen. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.                   Mangum,  Willie  P. 

Johnson,  Andrew. 

Savage,  John  H. 

Brodhead,  Richard.             Mason,  James  M. 

Johnson,  James  L. 

Schenck,  Robert  C. 

Brooks,  Walter.2                 McRne,  John  1.8. 

Johnson,  Robert  W. 

Schermerhorn,  A.  M. 

Butler,  Andrew  P.               Meriwether,  David.  9 

Jones,  George  W. 

Schoolcraft,  John  L. 

Cass,  Lewis.                          Miller,  Jacob  W. 

Julian,  George  W. 

Seddon,  James  A. 

Cathcart,  Charles  W.3         Morton,  Jackson. 

Kaufman,  David  S. 

Shepperd,  Augustine  H. 

Charlton,  Robert  M.4          Norris,  Moses. 

Kerr,  John  B. 

Spaulding,  Elridge  G. 

Chase,  Salmon  P.                 Pearce,  James  A. 

King,  Daniel  P. 

Sprague,  William. 

Clarke.  John  H.                   Petit,  John.  10 

King,  George  C. 

Stanley,  Edward. 

Clay,  Henry.                         Phelps,  Samuel  S.ll 

King,  James  G. 

Stanton,  Frederick. 

Clemens,  Jeremiah.            Pratt,  Thomas  G. 

King,  John  A. 

Stan  ton,  Richard  H. 

Cooper,  James.                     Rhett,  R.  B. 

King,  Preston. 

Stetson,  Charles. 

Davis,  John.                          Rusk,  Thomas  J. 

La  Sere,  Emile. 

Stephens,  A.  H. 

Dawson,  William  C.             Sebastian,  William  K. 

Leffler,  Shepherd. 

Stephens,  Thaddeus. 

DeSaussure,  William  F.6    Seward,  William  H. 

Levin,  Lewis  C. 

Strong,  William. 

Dbcon,  Archibald.  5             Shields,  James. 

Littlefield.  Nathaniel  S. 

Sweetzer,  Charles. 

Dodge,  Augustus  C.             Smith,  Truman. 

Mann,  Horace. 

Sylvester,  Peter  H. 

Dodge  Henry.                       Sonle,  Pierre. 

Mann,  Job. 

Taylor,  John  L. 

Douglass,  Stephen  A.          Spruance,  Presley. 

Marshall,  Humphrey. 

Thomas,  James  H. 

Downs,  Solomon  W.            Stockton,  Robert  T. 

Mason,  John  C. 

Thompson,  Jacob. 

Felch,  Alpheus.                    Sumner,  Charles. 

Matteson,  Orsamus  B. 

Thompson,  James. 

Fish,  Hamilton.                   Toucey,  Isaac. 

McClernand,  J.  A. 

Thompson,  John  B. 

Fitzpatrick.  Benjamin.7     Underwood,  Joseph  B. 

McDonald,  Joseph  E. 

Thompson,  William. 

Foot,  Henry  S.                     Upham,  William. 

McDowell,  James. 

Thurman,  John  R. 

Foot,  Solomon.                    Wade,  Benjamin. 

McGanghey,  Edward  W. 

Toombs,  Robert. 

Geyer,  Henry  S.                   Walker,  Isaac  P. 

McKissock,  Thomas. 

Tuck,  Amos. 

Gwinn,  William  M.             Weller,  John  B. 

McLanahan,  James. 

Underbill,  Walter. 

Hale,  John  P.                       Whitcomb,  James. 

McLane,  Robert  M. 

Van  Dyke,  John. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Jefferson   Davis,    resigned. 

McLean,  Finis  E. 

Venable,  A.  W. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  H.  S.  Foot,  resigned.     3.  Ap 

McMullen,  Fayette. 

Vinton,  Samuel  F. 

pointed    in  place  of    James   Whitcomb,    deceased. 

McQueen,  John. 

Waldo,  Loren  P. 

4.  Appointed  in  place  of  J.  McBerrian,  resigned.     5. 

McWillie,  William. 

Waldin,  Hiram. 

Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Clay,  deceased.   6.  Elected 

Meacham,  James. 

Wallace,  Daniel. 

in    place    of  R.  B.    Rhett,  resigned.     7.  Appointed 

Mead,  Richard  K. 

Watkins,  Albert  G. 

in   place  of  W.    R.   King,   resigned.     8.  Appointed 

Miller,  Daniel  F.8 

Welborn,  Marshall  J. 

in  place  of  Jefferson  Davis,   resigned.     9.  Appointed 

Miller,  John  K. 

Wentworth,  John. 

in  place  of  Henry  Clay,  deceased.     10.  Elected   in 

Millson.  John  S. 

White,  Hugh. 

place  of  James  Whiteomb,  deceased.     11.  Appointed 

Moore,  Henry  D. 

Whittlesey,  William  A. 

in  place  of  William  Upham,  deceased. 

Moorehead,  Charles  S. 

Wildrich,  Isaac. 

REPRESKNTATTVES. 

Morris,  Jonathan  D. 

Williams,  Charles  H. 

Morrison,  George  W.9 

Wilmot,  David. 

Linn  Boyd,  Speaker. 

Morse,  Isaac  E. 

Wilson,  James. 

Abercrombie,  James.           Appleton,  William. 

Morton,  Jeremiah. 

Winthrop,  Robert  C. 

Aiken,  William.                   Averett,  Thomas  H. 

Nelson,  William. 

Wood,  Amos  E. 

Allen,  Charles.                     Ashe,  William  S. 

Nes,  Henry. 

Woodward  Joseph  A. 

Allen,  Willis.                        Kabcock,  Leander. 

Newall,  William  A. 

Wright,  George  W. 

Allison,  John.                       Bailey,  David,  Jr. 

Olds,  Edson  B. 

Young,  Timothy  R. 

Andrews,  Charles.                Karrere,  Nelson. 

Ogle,  Andrew  A. 

Appleton,  John.                   Bartlett,  Thomas,  Jr. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Bayly,  Tbomas  H. 
Beale,  J.  M.  H 
Bell,  Hiram. 
Bennett,  Henry. 
Bibighaus,  Thomas  M. 
Bissell,  William  H. 
Bocock,  Thomas  S. 
Bowie,  Richard  B. 
Bowne,  Obediah. 
Boyd,  John  H. 
Bragg,  John. 
Breckenridge,  John  C. 
Brenton,  Samuel. 
Briggs,  George. 
Brooks,  James. 
Brown,  Albert  G. 
Brown,  George  H. 
Buell,  Alexander  H. 
Burrows,  Lorenzo. 
Burt,  Armistead. 
Busby,  George  H. 
Cabeil,  E.  Carrington. 
Cable,  Joseph. 
Caldwell,  Joseph  B. 
Campbell,  Lewis  I). 
Campbell,  Thompson. 
Carter,  David  K. 
Caskie,  John  S. 
Chandler,  Joseph  R. 
Chapman,  Charles. 
Chastain,  Elijah  W. 
Churchwell,  William  M 
Clark,  Lincoln. 
Clemmens,  Sherrard.l 
Clingman,  Thomas  L. 
Cleveland,  Chauncey  T. 
Cobb,  W.  R.  W. 
Colcock,  William  F. 
Conger,  James  L. 
Cottman,  Joseph  S. 
Cullom.   William. 
Curtis,  Carleton  B. 
Daniel,  J.  R. 
Darby,  John  F. 
Davis,  George  T. 
Davis,  John  G-. 
Dawson,  John  L. 
Dean,  Gilbert. 
Dimmick.  Milo  M. 
Disney,  David  T. 
Dockery,  Alfred. 
Doty,  James  D. 
Duncan,  James  H. 
Dunham,  Cyrus  L. 
Durkee,  Charles. 
Eastman,  Benjamin  C. 
Edgerton,  Alfred  P. 
Edmundson,  Henry  F. 
Evans,  Alexander. 
Ewing,  Presley. 
Faulkner,  Charles  J. 
Fay,  Francis  B.2 
Ficklin,  Orlando  B. 
Fiteh,  Graham  N. 
Florence,  Thomas  B. 
Floyd,  John  G. 
Fowler,  Orrin. 
Freeman,  John  D. 
.Fuller,  Henry  M. 
Fuller,  T.  J.  D. 
Gamble,  James. 
Gaylord,  James  M. 
Gentry,  Meredith  P. 
Giddings.  Joshua  R. 
Gilmore,  Alfred. 


Goodenow,  Robert. 
Goodrich,  John  Z. 
Gorman,  Willis  A. 
Grey,  Benjamin  E. 
Greene,  Frederick  W. 
Grow,  Galusha  A. 
Hall,  Willard  P. 
Hamilton,  William  D. 
Hammond,  Edward. 
Haren,  Solomon  G. 
Harper,  Alexander. 
Harris,  Isham  G. 
Harris,  Sampson  W. 
Hart,  Emanuel  B. 
Hascall,  Augustus  P. 
Hawes,  J.  H.  H. 
Hebard,  William. 
Hendricks,  Thomas  A. 
Henn,  Bernhart. 
Hibbard,  Harry. 
Hillyer,  Juuius. 
Holladay,  Alexander. 
Horseford,  Jedediah. 
Houston,  George  S. 
Howard,  Volney  E. 
Howe,  John  W. 
Howe,  Thomas  M. 
Howe,  Thomas  Y.,  Jr. 
Hunter,  William  F. 
Ingersoll.  Colin  M. 
Ives,  Willard. 
Jackson,  Joseph  W. 
Jenkins,  Timothy. 
Johnson,  Andrew. 
Johnson,  James. 
Johnson,  John. 
Johnson,  Robert  W. 
Jones,  Daniel  T. 
Jones,  George  W. 
Jones,  J.  Glancey. 
King,  George  C. 
King.  Preston. 
Kulms,  Joseph  H. 
Kurtz,  William  H. 
Landry.  J.  Aristide. 
Letcher.  John. 
Little.  Edward  P.  3 
Lockhart,  James. 
Mace,  Daniel. 
Mann,  Horace. 
Marshall,  Edward  C. 
Marshall,  Humphrey. 
Martin,  Fred.  S. 
Mason,  John  C. 
McCorkle,  Joseph  W. 
McDonald,  Moses. 
McLanahan,  James  X. 
McMullen,  Fayette. 
McNair,  John. 
McQueen,  John. 
Meacham,  James. 
Mead,  Rich.ml  K. 
Miller,  John  G. 
Millson,  John  S. 
Miner,  Ahiman  L. 
Moloney,  Richard. 
Moore,  Henry  D. 
Moore,  John. 
Morehead,  James  T. 
Morrison,  John  A. 
Murphy,  Charles. 
Murray,  William. 
Nabers,  Benjamin  D. 
Newton,  Eben. 
Olds,  Edson  B. 


Orr,  James  L. 
Outlaw,  David. 
Parker.  Andrew. 
Parker,  Samuel  W. 
Peaslee.  Charles  H. 
Penn,  Alexander  G. 
Penuiman,  Ebenezer  J. 
Perkins,  Jared. 
Phelps.  John  S. 
Polk,  William  H. 
Porter,  Gilchrist. 
Powell,  Paulus. 
Preston,  William. 4 
Price,  Rodman  M. 
Rantoul,  Robert,  Jr. 
Reed,  Isaac.  5 
Richardson,  WTilliam. 
Robbins,  John,  Jr. 
Robie,  Reuben. 
Robinson,  John  L. 
Ross,  Thomas. 
Russell,  Joseph. 
Sabine,  Lorenzo. 6 
Sackett,  William  A. 
Savage,  John  H. 
Schermerhorn,  A.  M. 
Schoolcraft,  John  L. 
Schoonmacker,  Marias. 
Sc  udder,   Zeno. 
Scurry,  Richardson. 
Seymour,  David  L. 
Seymour,  Origen  S. 
Sk'elton,  Charles. 
Smart,  Ephraim  K. 
Smith,  William  R. 
Snow,  William  W. 


Stan  ton,  Benjamin. 
Stauton,  P'rederick  P. 
Stanton,  Richard  H. 
Stephens,  Abraham  P. 
Stephens,  A.  H. 
Stevens,  Thaddeus. 
St.  Martin,  Louis. 
Stciixe,  James  W7. 
Stratton,  Nathan. 
Strother,  James  F. 
Stuart,  Charles  E. 
Sutherland,  Jos i ah. 
Sweetzer,  Charles. 
Taylor,  John  L. 
Thompson,  Benjamin. 
Thompson,  George  W. 
Thurston,  Benjamin  B. 
Toombs,  Robert. 
Townshend,  Norton  S. 
Tuck.  Amos. 
Tenable,  Abraham  W. 
Walbridge,  Henry  S. 
Wallace.  Daniel. 
Walsh,  Thomas  Y. 
Ward,  William  T. 
Washburn,  Israel,  Jr. 
Watkins,  Albert  G. 
Welch,  John. 
Wells,  John. 
White,  Addison. 
White,  Alexander. 
Wilcox,  John  A. 
Wildrick,  Isaac. 
Williams,  C.  H. 
Woodward.  Joseph  A. 
Yates,  Richard. 


Stanley,  Edward. 

1.  Elected   in  place  of  G.  W.  Thompson,  resigned. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Robert  Rantoul,  Jr.,  deceased. 

3.  Elected    in    place    of   Orrin     Fowler,    deceased. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Humphrey  Marshall,  resigned. 

5.  Elected   in   place   of  Charles  Andrews,  deceased. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  Benjamin  Thompson,  deceased. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bernhisel,  John  M.  Sibley,  Henry  H. 

Lane,  Joseph.  Wightman,  Richard  F. 

THE  THIRTY-THIRD  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 


William  B. 
Adams.  Stephen. 
Allen,  Philip. 
Atchison,  David  R. 
Atherton,  Charles  G. 
Badger,  Geroge  E. 
Bayard,  James  A. 
Bell,  John. 
Benjamin,  Judah  P. 
Brainard,  Lawrence.2 
Bright,  Jesse  D. 
Brodhead,  Richard. 
Brown,  Albert  G. 
Butler,  Andrew  P. 
Cass,  Lewis. 
Chase,  Salmon  P. 
Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr. 
Clayton,  John  M. 
Cooper,  James. 
Dawson,  William  C. 
Dixon,  Archibald. 
Dodge,  Augustus  C. 
Dodge,  Henry. 
Douglass,  Stephen  A. 
Evans,  Josiah  J. 


King,  Vice- President.  1 
Everett,  Edward. 
Fessenden,  William  P. 
Fish,  Hamilton. 
Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin. 3 
Foot,  Solomon. 
Foster,  La  Fayette. 
Geyer,  Henry  S. 
Gillett,  Francis.4 
Gwinn,  William  M. 
Hamlin,  Hannibal. 
Houston,  Samuel. 
Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 
James,  Charles  T. 
Johnson,  Robert  W.5 
Jones,  James  C. 
Mallory,  Stephen  K. 
Mason,  James  M. 
Morton,  Jackson. 
Norris,  Moses. 
1'earce,  James  A. 
Pettit,  John. 
Phelps,  Samuel  S.6 
Pratt,  Thomas  G. 
Reid,  David  S. 


T  A.  B  TJ  L  A  K     K  E  C  O  li  D  S 


Rockwell,  Julius. 7 
Rusk,  Thomas  J. 
Sebastian,  William  K 
Seward,  William  H. 
Shields,  James. 
Slidell,  John.8 
Smith,  Truman. 
Stuart,  Charles  E. 
Sumner,  Charles. 
Thompson,  John  T.. 
1.  W.    R.    Kin 


Thompson,  John  R. 
Toombs,  Robert. 
Toucey,  Isaac. 
Wade,  Benjamin. 
Walker,  Isaac  P. 
Weller,  John  B. 
Wells,  John  S.9 
Williams,  Jared  W.10 
Wilson,  Henry.  11 
Wright,  William. 
Vice-President,   died    April 


1853.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  William  Upliam,  de 
ceased.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  W.  R.  King,  resigned. 
4.  Elected  in  place  of  Truman  Smith,  resigned. 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  Solon  Borland,  resigned,     fi. 
Appointed   in   place  of  William  Upham,  deceased. 

7.  Appointed  in  place  of  Edward  Everett,  deceased. 

8.  Elected  in   place  of  Pierre   Soule,   resigned.      9. 
Appointed  in  place  of  Moses  Norris,  deceased.     10. 
Appointed   in    place   of  C.   G.    Atherton,   deceased. 
11.  Elected  in  place  of  Edward  Everett,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 
Linn  Bityd,  Speaker. 


Abercrombie,  James. 
Aiken,  William. 
Allen,  James  C. 
Allen,  Willis. 
Appleton,  William. 
Ashe,  William  S. 
Bailey,  David  J. 
Ball,  Edward. 
Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 
Barksdale,  William. 
Barry.  William  S. 
Bayley,  Thomas  H. 
Belcher,  Nathan. 
Bell,  Peter  H. 
Bennett,  Henry. 
Benson,  Samuel  P. 
Benton,  Thomas  H. 
Bissell,  William  H. 
Bliss,  George. 
Bocock,  Thaddeus  S. 
Boyce,  William  W. 
Breckenridge,  John  C. 
Bridges,  Samuel  A. 
Bristow,  Francis  M.I 
Brooks,  Preston  S. 
Bugg,  Robert  M. 
Campbell,  Lewis  D. 
Carpenter,  David. 2 
Caruthers.  Samuel. 
Caskie,  John  S. 


Dean,  Gilbert. 
Dent,  W.  B.  W. 
De  Witt,  Alexander. 
Dick,  John. 
Dickinson,  Edward. 
Disney,  David  T. 
Dowdell,  James  F. 
Drum,  Augustus. 
Dunbar,  William. 
Dunham,  Cyrus  L. 
Eastman,  Benjamin  C. 
Eddy,  Norman. 
Edgerton,  Alfred  P. 
Edmondson,  Henry  A. 
Edmunds,  J.  Wiley. 
Eliot,  Thomas  D.3 
Elliott,  John  M. 
Ellison,  Andrew. 
English,  William  H. 
Etheridge,  Emerson. 
Everhart,  William. 
Ewing.  Presley. 
Farley,  E.  Wilder. 
Faulkner,  Charles  J. 
Fenton,  Reuben  E. 
Flagler,  Thomas  T. 
Florence,  Thomas  B. 
Franklin,  John  R. 
Fuller,  T.  J.  D. 
Gamble,  James. 


Chamberlain,  Ebenezer  M.Giddings,  Joshua  R. 


Chandler,  Joseph  R. 
Chase,  George  W. 
Chastain,  Elijah  W. 
Chrisman,  James  S. 
Churchwell,  William  M. 
Clark,  Samuel. 
Clingman,  Thomas  L. 
Cobb,  W.  R.  W. 
Colquitt,  Alfred  H. 
Cook,  John  P. 
Corwin,  Moses  B. 
Cox,  Leander  M. 
Craige,  Burton*. 
Crocker,  Samuel  M. 
Cullom,  William. 
Cummiug,  Thomas  W. 
Curtis,  Carlton  B. 
Cutting,  Francis  B. 
Davis,  John  G. 
Davis,  Thomas. 
Dawson,  John  L. 


Goode,  William  O. 
Goodrich,  John  Z. 
Goodwin,  Henry  C.4. 
Green.  Frederick  W. 
Greenwood,  Alfred  B. 
Grey,  Benjamin  E. 
Grow,  Galusha  A. 
Hamilton,  William  T. 
Harlan,  Aaron. 
Harlan,  Andrew  J. 
Harris,  Sampson  W. 
Harris,  Wilson  P. 
Harrison,  John  S. 
Hastings,  George. 
Haven,  Solomon  G. 
Hendricks,  Thomas  A. 
Henn,  Bernhart. 
Hibbard,  Harry. 
Heister,  Isaac  E. 
Hill,  Clement  S. 
Hilly er,  Junius. 


Houston,  George  S. 
Howe,  Thomas  M. 
Hughes,  Charles. 
Hunt,  Theodore  G. 
Ingersoll,  Colin  M. 
Johnson,  Harvey  H. 
Jones,  Daniel  T. 
Jones,  George  W. 
Jones,  J.  Glancey.5 
Jones,  Roland. 
Kerr,  John. 
Keitt,  L.  M. 
Kid  well,  Zedekiah. 
Kittredge,  George  W. 
Knox,  James. 
Kurtz,  W'illiam  H. 
Lamb,  Alfred  W. 
Lane,  James  H. 
Latham,  Milton  S. 
Letcher,  John. 
Lewis,  Charles  S.6 
Lil ley,  Samuel. 
Liudley,  James  J. 
Liudsley,  William  D. 
Lyon,  Caleb. 
Mace,  Daniel. 
Macy,  John  B. 
Matteson,  Orasmus  B. 
Maurice,  James. 
Maxwell,  Augustus  E. 
May,  Henry. 
Mayhall,  Samuel. 
McCullough,  John. 
McDonald,  Moses. 
McDougal,  James  A. 
McMullen,  Fayette. 
McNair,  John. 
McQueen,  John. 
Meacham,  James. 
Middleswarth,  Ner. 
Miller,  John  G. 
Miller,  Smith. 
Millson,  John  S. 
Morgan.  Edwin  B. 
Morrison,  George  W. 
Muhlenberg,  Henry  A. 
Murray,  William. 
Nichols,  Matthias  H. 
Noble,  David  A. 
Norton,  Jesse  O. 
Olds,  Edson  K. 
Oliver,  Andrew. 
Oliver,  Morel ecai. 
Orr,  James  L. 
Packer,  Asa. 
Parker,  Samuel  W. 
Peck,  Jared  V. 
Peckham,  Rufus  W. 
Pennington,  A.  C.  M. 
Perkins,  Bishop. 
Perkins,  John,  Jr. 
Phelps,  John  S. 
Phillips,  Philip. 
Powell,  Paulus. 
Pratt,  James  T. 
Preston,  William. 
Pr ingle,  Benjamin. 
Puryear,  Richard  S. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Presley  Ewing,  deceased. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  A.  Boody,  resigned.  3.  Elected 
in  place  of  Zeno  Scudder,  resigned.  4.  Elected  in 
place  of  Gerritt  Smith  resigned.  5.  Elected  in  place 
of  H.  A.  Muhlenberg,  deceased.  6.  Elected  in  plac« 
of  J.  F.  Snodgrass,  deceased.  7.  Elected  in  place  of 
Brookins  Campbell,  deceased,  who  never  took  hi* 


Ready,  Charles. 
Reese,  David  A. 
Riddle,  George  R. 
Richardson,  William   \ 
Pistchey,  Thomas. 
Ritchie,  David. 
Robbins,  John,  Jr. 
Rogers,  Sion  H. 
Rowe,  Peter. 
Ruffin,  Thomas. 
Russell,  Samuel  L. 
Sabin,  Alvah. 
Sage,  Russell. 
Sapp,  William  R. 
Scudder,  Zeno. 
Seward,  James  L. 
Seymour,  Origen  S. 
Shannon,  Wilson. 
Shaw.  Henry  H. 
Shower,  Jacob. 
Simmons,  George  A. 
Singleton,  Otho  R. 
Skelton,  Charles. 
Smith,  Gerritt. 
Smith,  Samuel  A. 
Smith,  William. 
Smith,  William  R. 
Smyth,  George  W. 
Snodgrass,  John  F. 
Sellers,  A.  R. 
Stanton,  Frederick  P. 
Stanton,  Richard  S. 
Stephens,  A.  H. 
Stevens,  Hestor  L. 
Stratton,  Nathan  D. 
Straub,  Christian  M. 
Stuart,  Andrew. 
Stuart,  David. 
Taylor,  John  J. 
Taylor,  John  L. 
Taylor,  Nathaniel  G.7 
Teller,  Isaac.  8 
Thurston,  Benjamin  B. 
Tracy,  Andrew. 
Trout,  Michael  C. 
Tweed,  William  M. 
Upham,  Charles  W. 
Vail,  George. 
Vansant,  Joshua. 
Wade,  Edward. 
Walbridge,  Hiram. 
Walker,  William  A. 
Waller,  Samuel  H. 
Walsh,  Michael. 
Warren,  Edward  A. 
Washburn,  Elihu  B. 
Washburn,  Israel,  Jr. 
Wells,  Daniel,  Jr. 
Wentworth,  John. 
Wentworth,  Tappan. 
NVestbrook,  Theodorick  R. 
Wheeler,  John. 
Wittee,  William  H. 
Wright,  Daniel  B. 
Wright,  Hendrick  B. 
Yates,  Richard. 
Zollicoffer,  Felix  K. 


In 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


seat.      8.  Elected    in    place   of   Gilbert    Dean,   re 
signed. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bernhisel,  John  M.  Lane,  Joseph. 

Gal  legos,  Jose  M.  Rice,  Henry  M. 

Lancaster,  Columbia.          Whitfield,  J.  W. 

THE  THIRTY-FOURTH   CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 
Jesse  D.  Bright  and  James  M.  Mason,  Presidents  pro  ton. 


Adams,  Stephen. 
Allen,  Philfp. 
Bayard,  James  A. 
Bell,  James. 
Bell,  John. 
Benjamin,  Judah  P. 
Briggs,  Asa. 
Biglee,  William. 
Bright,  Jesse  D. 
Brodhead,  Richard. 
Brown,  Albert  G. 
Butler,  Andrew  P. 
Cass,  Lewis. 
Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr. 
Clayton,  John  M. 
Collamer,  Jacob. 
Comeggs,  Joseph  P.I 
Crittenden,  John  J. 
Dodge,  Henry. 
Douglass,  Stephen  A. 
Durkee,  Charles. 
Evans,  Josiah  J. 
Fessenden,  Wm.  P. 
Fish,  Hamilton. 
Fitch,  Graham. 
Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin. 
Foot,  Solomon. 
Foster,  Lafayette. 
Geyer,  Henry  S. 
Green,  James  S.2 
Gwin,  William  M. 
Hale,  Johu  P. 


Hamlin,  Hannibal. 
Harlan,  James. 
Houston,  Samuel. 
Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 
Iverson,  Alfred. 
James,  Charles  T. 
Johnson,  Robert  D. 
Jones,  George  W. 
Jones,  James  C. 
Mallory,  Stephen  R. 
Mason,  James  M. 
Nourse,  Amos.  3 
Pearce,  James  A. 
Pratt,  Thomas  G. 
Pugh,  George  E. 
Reid,  David  S. 
Rusk,  Thomas  J. 
Sebastian,  William  K. 
Seward,  William  H. 
Slidell,  John. 
Stuart,  Charles  C. 
Sumner,  Charles. 
Thompson,  John  B. 
Thompson,  John  B. 
Toombs,  Robert. 
Toucey,  Isaac. 
Trumbull,  Lyman. 
Wade,  Benjamin  F. 
Weller,  John  B. 
WTilson,  Henry. 
Wright,  William. 


Yulee,  David  L. 
1.  Appointed  in   place  of  John  M.  Clayton,    de 
ceased.      2.    Elected   in  place  of  John   G.    Miller, 
deceased.     3.  Appointed  in  place  of  Hannibal  Ham 
lin,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 


Nathaniel  P 
Albright,  Charles  J. 
Allen,  Jamea  C. 
Allison,  John. 
Aiken,  William. 
Akers,  Thomas  P.I 
Ball,  Edward. 
Barbour,  Lucien. 
Barclay,  David. 
Barksdale,  William. 
Bayley,  Thomas  H. 
Bell,  P.  H. 
Bennett,  Hendly  S. 
Bennett,  Henry. 
Benson,  Samuel  P. 
Billinghurst,  Charles. 
Bingham,  John  A. 
Bishop,  James. 
Bliss,  Philemon. 
Bocock,  Thomas  S. 
Bowie,  Thomas  F. 
Boyce,  William  W. 
Branch,  Lawrence  O'B. 
Brenton,  Samuel. 
Brodhead,  Samuel  C. 
Brooks,  Preston  8. 


Banks,  Speaker. 
Broom  Jacob. 
Buffington,  James. 
B'.irlingame,  Anson. 
Burnett,  Henry  C. 
Cadwalader,  John. 
Campbell,  James  H. 
Campbell,  John  P. 
Campbell,  Lewis  D. 
Carlile,  John  S. 
Caruthers,  Samuel. 
Caskee,  John  S. 
f'haffee,  Calvin  C. 
Childs,  Thomas,  Jr.2 
Clark,  Bayard. 
Clark,  Ezra,  Jr. 
Clawson,  Isaiah  D. 
Clingman,  Thomas  L. 
Cobb,  Howell. 
Cobb,  W.  R.  W. 
Colfax,  Schuyler. 
Comins,  Linus  B. 
Covode,  John. 
Cox,  Leander  M. 
Cragie,  Burton. 
Cragin,  Aaron   If. 


Crawford,  Martin  J. 

Cullen,  Elisha  D. 

Cumback,  WTilliam. 

Damrell,  William  S. 

Davidson,  Thomas  (i. 

Davis,  H.  Winter. 

Davis,  Jacob  C.3 

Davis,  Timothy. 

Day,  Timothy 'C. 

Dean,  Sidney. 

Denver,  James  W. 

DeWitt,  Alexander. 

Dick,  John. 

Dickson,  Samuel. 

Dodd,  Edward. 

Do  well,  James  F. 

Dunn,  George  G. 

Durfee,  Nathaniel  B. 

Edie,  John  R. 

Edmundson,  Henry  A. 

Edwards  Francis  F. 

Elliott,  John  M. 

Emrie,  Jonas  R. 

English,  William  H. 

Etheridge,  Emerson. 

Eustis,  George  W. 

Evans,  Lemuel  D. 

Faulkner,  Charles  J. 

Flagler,  Thomas  T. 

Florence,  Thomas  B. 

Foster,  Nathaniel  G. 

Fuller,  Henry  M. 

Fuller,  Thomas  J.  D. 

Galloway,  Samuel. 

Garnett,  M.  R.  H.4 

Giddings,  Joshua  R. 
Gilbert,  William  A. 
Goode,  William  O. 

Granger,  Amos  P. 
Greenwood,  Alfred  B. 
Grow,  Galusha  A. 
Hall,  Augustus. 
Hall,  Robert  B. 
Harlan,  Aaron. 
Harris,  J.  Morrison. 
Harris,  Sampson  W. 
Harris,  Thomas  L. 
Harrison,  John  S. 
Haven,  Solomon  G. 
Herbert,  Philemon  T. 
Hickman,  John. 
Hodges,  George  T.5 
Hoffman,  Henry  W. 
Holloway,  David  P. 
Horton,  Thomas  B. 
Hortou,  Valentine  B. 
Houston,  George  S. 
Howard,  William  A. 
Hugheston,  Jonas  A. 
Jewett,  Joshua  H. 
Jones,  George  W. 
Jones,  J.  Glancey. 
Keitt,  L.  M. 
Kelly,  John. 
Kelsey,  William  H. 
j  Kennett,  Luther  M. 
Kidwell,  Zedekiah. 
King,  Rufus  H. 
Knapp,  Chauncey  L. 
Knight,  Jonathan. 
Knowlton,  Ebenezer. 
Knox,  James. 
Kunkle,  John  C. 
Lake,  William  A.. 
Leiter,  Benjamin  F. 


Letcher,  John. 
Lindley,  James  R. 
Lumpkin,  John  H. 
Mace,  Daniel. 
Marshall,  Alexander  K. 
Marshall,  Humphrey. 
Marshall,  S.  S. 
Mattison,  Orsanms  B. 
Maxwell,  Augustus  E. 
McCarty,  Andrew  Z. 
McMnllen,  Fayette. 
McQueen.  John. 
Meacham,  James. 
Miller,  John  G. 
Miller,  Killian. 
Miller,  Smith. 
Millson,  John  S. 
Millward,  William 
Moore,  Oscar  F. 
Morgan,  Edward  B. 
Morrill,  Justin  F. 
Morrison,  J.  L.  D.6 
Mott,  Richard. 
Murray,  Ambrose  S. 
Nichol,  Mathias  H. 
Norton,  Jesse  0. 
Oliver,  Andrew. 
Oliver,  Mordecai. 
Orr,  James  L. 
Packer.  Asa. 
Paine,  Robert  T. 
Parker,  John  M. 
Pearce,  John  J. 
Peck,  George  W. 
Pelton,  Guy  R. 
Pennington,  A.  C.  M. 
Perry,  John  J. 
Pettit,  John  U. 
Phelps,  John  S. 
Pike,  James. 
Porter,  Gilchrist. 
Powell,  Paul  us. 
Pringle,  Benjamin. 
Pnrviance.  Samuel  A. 
Puryear,  Richard  E. 
Quitman,  John  A. 
Reade,  Edwin  G. 
Ready.  Charles. 
Ricand,  James  B. 
Richardson.  William  A. 
Ritchie,  David. 
Rivers,  Thomas. 
Robbins,  George  R. 
Roberts,  Anthony  E. 
Robinson,  David  F. 
Ruffin,  Thomas. 
Rush,  Albert. 
Sabin,  Alvah. 
Sage,  Russell. 
Sandridge,  John  M. 
Sapp,  William  R. 
Savage,  John  H. 
Scott,  Harvey  D. 
Seward,  James  L. 
Sherman.  John. 
Shorter,  Eli  S. 
Simmons,  Gffeorge  A. 
Smith,  Samuel  A. 
Smith,  William. 
Smith,  Williain  R. 
Sneed,  William  H 
Spinner,  Francis  E. 
Stanton,  Benjamin. 
Stephens,  Alexander  fl. 
Stewart,  James  A. 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


Ivii 


Btranahan,  J.  S.  T.              Warner,  Hiram. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John  M.  Clayton,  deceased. 

Swope,  Samuel  F.                Washburn,  C.  C. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Josiah  J.  Evans,   deceased. 

Talbot,  Albert  G.                 Washburn,  Elihu  B. 

3.  Elected    in    place  of  James  Bell,   deceased.     4. 

Tappan,  Mason  W.              W'ashburn,  Israel,  Jr. 

Elected   in  place  of  Asa  Briggs,  resigned.     5.   Ap 

Taylor,  Miles.                      Watkins,  A.  G. 

pointed  in  place  of  Josiah  J.  Evans,  deceased.     6. 

Thorn  ington,  James.           Watson,  Cooper  K. 

Elected  in    place    of  Thomas  J.  Rusk,   deceased. 

Thurston,  Benjamin  B.       Welch,  William  W. 

7.  Appointed  in  place  of  J.  P.  Henderson,  deceased. 

Todd,  Lemuel.                      Wells.  Daniel,  Jr. 

Trafton,  Mark.                    Wheeler,  John. 

REPEESENTATIVKS. 

Trippe,  Robert  P.                Whitney,  Thomas  R. 

James  L.  Orr,  Speaker. 

Tyson,  Robert  R.                Williams,  John. 

Abbott,  Nehemiah.             Dawes,  Henry  L. 

Underwood.  Warren  L.      Winslow,  Warren. 

Adrain,  Garrett  B.              Dean,  Sidney. 

Vail,  George.                        Wood,  John  M. 

Ahl,  John  A.                        Dewart,  William  L. 

Valk,  William  W.               Woodruff,  John. 

Anderson,  Thomas  L.         Dick,  John. 

Wade,  Edward.                    Woodworth,  James  H. 

Andrews,  Samuel  G.           Dimmick,  William  H. 

Wakeman,  Abram.              Wright,  Daniel  B. 

Arnold,  Samuel.                   Dodd,  Edward. 

Walbridge,  David  S.           Wright,  John  V. 

Atkins,  John  D.  C.              Dowdell,  James  P. 

Waldron,  Henry.                 Zollicoffer,  Felix  K. 

Avery,  William  T.               Durfee,  Nathaniel  B. 

Walker,  Percy. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P.            Edie,  John  R. 

1.  Elected  in   place  of  John  G.  Miller,  deceased. 

Barksdale,  William.            Edmundson,  Henry  A. 

2.    Never  took  his  seat  on  account  of  illness.     3. 

Barr,  Thomas  G.I                Elliott,  John  M. 

Elected  in  place  of  W.    A.    Richardson,   resigned. 

Bennett,  Henry.                   English,  William  H. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  H.  Bayley,  deceased. 

Billinghurst,  Charles.         Eustis,  George.  Jr. 

5.    Elected  in  place  of  James  Meachan,  deceased. 

Bingham,  John  A.               Farnsworth,  John  F. 

6.    Elected  in  place  of  Lyuian  Trumbnll,   elected 

Bishop,  William  D.             Faulkner,  Charles  J. 

Senator. 

Blair,  Francis  P.,  Jr.           Fenton,  Reuben  E. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bliss,  Philemon.                  Florence,  Thomas  B. 
Bocock,  Thomas  S.              Foley,  James  B. 

Anderson,  J.  Patton.           Otero,  Miguel  A.I 
Bernhisel,  John  M.              Rice,  Henry  M. 

Bonham,  Mi  11  edge  L.          Foster,  Stephen  C. 
Bowie,  Thomas  F.                Garnett,  M.  R.  H. 

Chapman,  Bird  C.                 Whiteneldj  John  W. 

Boyce,  William  W.             Gartrell,  Lucius  J. 

Lane,  Joseph. 

Branch,  Lawrence  O'B.      Giddings,  Joshua  R. 

1.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  Jose  M. 

Brayton,  William  D.           Gilles,  James  M. 

Gallegas. 

Bryan.  Guy   M.                    Gilman,  Charles  J. 

THE  THIRTY-FIFTH  CONGRESS. 

Buffington,  James.               Gilmer,  John  A. 
Burlingame,  Anson.            Gooch,  Daniel  W.2 

SENATORS. 

Burnett.  Henry  C.               Goode,  William  O. 

John  C.  Breckenridge,  Vice-  President. 

Burns,  Joseph.                     Goodwin.  Henry  C. 
Burroughs,  Silas  M.             Granger,  Amos  P. 

Allen,  Philip.                       Henderson,  J.  Pinckney.6 

Campbell,  Lewis  D.             Greenwood,  Alfred  B. 

Bates,  Martin  W.I               Houston,  Samuel. 

Caruthers,  Samuel.              Gregg,  James  M. 

Bayard,  James  A.                Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 

Case,  Charles.                       Grossbeck,  William  S. 

Bell,  John.                            Iverson,  Alfred. 

Caskie,  John  S.                     Grover,  Lafayette. 

Benjamin,  Juclah  P.            Johnson,  Andrew. 

Cavanaugh,  James  M.        Grow,  Galusha  A. 

Briggs,  Asa.                          Johnson,  Robert  W. 

Chaffee,  Calvin  C.                Hall,  Lawrence  W. 

Bigler,  William.                   Jones,  George  W. 

Chapman,  Henry.                Hall.  Robert  B. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.                   Kennedy,  Anthony. 

Clark,  Ezra.                          Harlan,  Aaron. 

Broderick,  David  C.            King,  Preston. 

Clark,  Horace  F.                  Harris,  J.  Morrison. 

Brown,  Albert  G.                 Lane,  Joseph. 

Clark,  John  B.                      Harris,  Thomas  L. 

Cameron,  Simon.                  Mallory,  Stephen  R. 

Clawson.  Isaiah  D.              Haskin,  John  B. 

Chandler.  Zachariah.           Mason,  James  M. 

Clay,  James  B.                      Hatch,  Israel  T. 

Chestnut,  James,  Jr.  2         Pearce,  James  A. 

Clemens,  Sherrard.              Hawkins,  George  S. 

Clark,  Daniel.3                    Polk,  Trnsten. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L.         Hidinian,  John. 

Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr.           Pugh,  George  E. 

Cobb,  W.  R.  W.                  Hill.  Joshua. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L.4       Reid,  David  S. 

Cochrane,  Clark  B.              Hoard,  Charles  B. 

Col  lamer,  Jacob.                   Rice,  Henry  M. 

Cochrane,  John.                   Hodges,  Charles  D.3 

Crittenden,  John  J.             Rusk,  Thomas  J. 

Cockerill,  Joseph  R.            Hopkins,  George  W. 

Davis,  Jefferson.                   Sebastian,  William  K 

Colfax,  Schuyler.                 Horton,  Valentine  B. 

Dixon,  James.                      Seward,  William  H. 

Comins,  Linus  B.                 Houston,  George  S. 

Doolittle,  James  R.             Shields,  James. 

Corning,  Erastus.                Jackson,  James. 

Douglass,  Stephen  A.          Simmons,  James  F. 

Covode,  John.                      Jenkins,  Albert  G. 

Durkee,  Charles.                  Slidell,  John. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.                    Jewett,  Joshua  H. 

Evans,  Josiah  J.                   Smith,  Delazon. 

Cragie,  Burton.                    Jones,  George  W. 

Fessenden,  William  P.        Stuart,  Charles  E. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H.                Jones,  J.  Glancey. 

Fitch,  Graham  N.                Sumner,  Charles. 

Craig,  James.                        Jones,  Owen. 

Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin.       Thomson,  John  R. 

Crawford,  Martin  J.            E>im,  William  H.4 

Foot,  Solomon.                     Thompson,  John  B. 

Curry,  J.  L.  M.                    Keitt,  L.  M. 

Foster,  Lafayette  S.             Toombs,  Robert. 

Curtis,  Samuel  R.                Kellogg,  William. 

Green,  James  S.                   Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Damrell,  William  S.            Kelly,  John. 

Gwin,  William  M.               Wade,  Benjamin  F. 

Davidson,  Thomas  G.         Kelsey,  William  H. 

Hale,  John  P.                       Ward,  Matthias.7 

Davis,  H.  Winter.               Kilgore,  David. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.              Wilson,  Henry. 

Davis,  John  G.                     Knapp,  Chauncey  L. 

Hammond,  James  H.          Wright,  William. 

Davis,  Reuben.                    Kunkle,  Jacob  M. 

Harlan,  James.                     Yulee,  David  L. 

Davis,  Timothy.                  Kunkle,  John  C. 

Hayne,  Arthur  P.  5 

Davis,  Timothy.                   Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. 

Iviii 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Landy,  James.                     Sandidge,  John  M. 

Bigler,  William.                  Hunter,  R.  M.  T. 

Lawrence,  William.            Savage,  John  H. 

Bingham,  Kinsley  S.           Iverson,  Alfred. 

Leach,  DeWitt  C.                Scales,  Alfred  M. 

Bragg,  Thomas.                     Johnson,  Andrew. 

Leidy,  Paul.                        Scott,  Charles  L. 

Bright,  Jesse  D.                    Johnson,  Robert  W. 

Leiter,  Benjamin  F.            Searing,  John  A. 

Broderick,  David  C.             Kennedy,  Anthony. 

Letcher,  John.                     Seward,  James  L. 

Brown,  Albert  G.                 King.  Preston. 

Lovejoy,  Owen.                    Shaw,  Aaron. 

Cameron,  Simon.                  Lane,  Joseph. 

Maclay,  William  B.            Shaw,  Henry  M. 

Chandler,  Zachariah.            Latham,  Milton  S.2 

Marshall,  Humphrey.          Sherman  John. 

Chestnut,  James.                  Mallory,  Stephen  R. 

Marshall,  James  S.              Sherman,  Judson  W. 

Clark,  Daniel.                       Mason,  James  M. 

Mason,  John  C.                     Shorter,  Eli  S. 

Clay,  Clement  C.,  Jr.          Morrill,  Lot  M.?> 

Matteson,  Orsamus  B.        Sickles,  Daniel  E. 

Clingman,  Thomas  L.         Nicholson,  A.  O.  P. 

Maynard.  Horace.                Singleton,  Otho  K. 

C'ollamer,  Jacob.                  Pearce,  James  A. 

McKibben,  Joseph  C.          Smith,  Robert. 

Crittenden,  John  J.             Polk,  Trust-en. 

McRea,  John  J.5                  Smith,  Samuel  A. 

Davis,  Jefferson.                   Powell,  Lazarus  W. 

McQueen,  John.                  Smith,  William. 

Dixon,  James.                      Pugh,  George  E. 

Miles,  William  P.               Spinner,  Francis  E. 

Doolittle,  .James  R.             Rice,  Henry  M. 

Miller,  Joseph.                     Stall  worth,  James  A. 

Douglass,  Stephen  A.          Saulsbury,  Willard. 

Millson,  John  S.                   Stanton,  Benjamin. 

Durkee,  Charles.                  Sebastian.  William  K. 

Montgomery,  William.       Stephens,  A.  H. 

Fessenden,  William  P.       Seward,  William  H. 

Moore,  Sydenham.              Stevenson,  John  W. 

Fitch,  Graham  N.                Simmons,  James  F. 

Morgan,  Edwin  B.               Stewart,  James  A. 

Fitzpatrick,  Benjamin.       Slidell,  John. 

Morrill,  Justin  S.                 Stewart,  William. 

Foot,  Solomon.                      Sumner,  Charles. 

Morris,  Edward  Joy.           Talbot,  Albert  G. 

Foster,  La  Fayette.              Ten  Eyck,  John  C. 

Morris,  Isaac  N.                   Tappan.  Mason  W. 

Green,  James  S.                    Thomson,  John  R. 

Morse,  Freeman  H.             Taylor,  George. 

Grimes,  James  W.               Toombs,  Robert. 

Morse,  Oliver  A.                   Taylor,  Miles. 

Gwinn,  William  M.             Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Mott,  Richard.                     Thayer,  Eli. 

Hall,  John  P.                        Wade,  Benjamin  F. 

Murray,  Ambrose  S.            Thompson,  John. 

Hamliu,  Hannibal.              Ward,  Matthias.  4 

Neblack,  William  E.           Tompkius,  C.  B. 

Hammond,  James  H.           Wigfall,  Louis  T.5 

Nichols,  Matthias  H.          Tripp,  Robert  P. 

ilarlan,  James.                    Wilkinson,  Morton  S. 

Olin,  Abram  B.                   Underwood,  Warren  L. 

Haun,  Henry  P.I                 Wilson,  Henry. 

Palmer,  George  W.             Vallandingham,  C.  L.6 

Hemphill,  John.                   Yulee,  David  L. 

Parker,  John  M.                  Vance,  Zebulon  B.7 
Pendleton,  George  H.         Wade,  Edward. 
Pettit,  John  N.                     Walbridge,  David  S. 
Peyton,  Samuel  O.               Waldron,  Henry. 
Phelps,  John  S.                   Walton,  E.  P. 
Phelps,  William  W.             Ward,  Elijah. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  D.  C.  Broderick,  deceased. 
Elected    in   place   of  D.   C.  Broderick,  deceased. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  Hannibal  Hamlin,  resigned. 
4.  Appointed  in  place  of  J.  P.  Henderson,  deceased. 
5.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  P.  Henderson,  deceased. 

Phillips,  Henry  M.              Warren,  Edward  A. 

R  EPKESENTATIVES. 

Pike,  James.                         Washburn,  C.  C. 

William  Pennine/ton,  Speaker. 

Potter,  John  F.                    Washburn,  Elihu  B. 
Pottle,  Emory  B.                 Washburn,  Israel,  J  r. 
Powell,  Paulus.                    Watkins,  Albert  G. 
Qnituian,  John  A.                White,  Allison. 
Ready,  Charles.                    Whiteley,  William  G. 
Reagan,  John  H.                 Wilson,  James. 

Adams,  Charles  F.                Burnett,  Henry  C. 
Adams,  Green.                       Burnham,  Alfred  A. 
Adrain,  Garnett  B.              Burroughs,  Silas  M. 
Aldrich,  Cyrus.                     Butterfield,  Martin. 
Allen,  William.                    Campbell,  James  H. 
Allen    John  B.                       Carey   John 

Reilly,  Wilson.                     Winslow,  Warren. 
Ricand,  James  B.                 Wood,   John  M. 
Ritchie,  David.                    Woodson,  Samuel  H. 
Robbins,  George  R.             Wortendyke,  Jacob  K. 
Eoberta,  Anthony  E.           Wright,  Augustus  R. 
Royce,  Homer  E.                 Wright,  John  V. 
Ruffin.  Thomas.                   Zollicoffer,  Felix  K. 
Russell    William  F. 

Anderson,  Thomas  L.          Carter,  Luther  C. 
Anderson,  William.             Case,  Charles. 
Ashley,  James  M.                Clark,  Horace  F. 
Ashmore,  John  D.                Clark,  John  B. 
A  very,  William  T.               Clemens,  Sherrard. 
Babbitt,  Elijah.                     Clopton,  David. 
Barksdale,  William.            Cobb,  W.  R.  W. 

Barr,  Thomas  J.                   Coburn,  Stephen.  3 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  John    Kelly,    resigned.     •„• 

Barrett,  James  R.I               Cochrane,  Clark  B. 

Elected   in  place  of  Nathaniel  P.   Banks,  resigned. 

Beal,  Charles  L.                   Cochrane,  John. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  II.  Harris,  deceased. 

Bingham,  John  A.                Colfax,  Schnyler. 

4.  Elected  in   place  of  J.  Glancey  Jones,  resigned. 

Blake,  Harrison  G.              Conkling,  Roscoe. 

5.  Elected  in   place  of  John  A.  Quitman,  deceased. 
6.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  L.  D.  Camp 

Blair,  Francis  P.  2                Cooper,  George  B. 
Blair,  Samuel  S.                   Convin,  Thomas. 

bell.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  L.  Clingman 

Bocock,  Thomas  S.              Covode,  John. 

elected  Senator. 

Bonham,  Milledge  L.           Cox,  S.  S. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Boteler,  Alexander  R.         Cragie,  Burton. 

Bernhisel,  John  M.              Otero,  Miguel  A. 

Bouligny,  John  E.                Craig,  James. 

Ferguson,  Fenner.                Parrott,  Marcus,  Jr. 

Boyce,  William  W.             Crawford,  Martin  J. 

Kingsbnry,  William  W.      Stevens,  Isaac,  Jr. 

Brabson,  Reese  B.                 Curry,  J.  1  .  M. 

Lane,  Joseph. 

Branch,  Lawrence  OT..       Curtis,  Samuel  R. 

Bray  ton,  William  D.            Davidson.  Thomas  Q. 

THE  THIRTY-SIXTH  CONGRESS. 

Briggs,  George.                     Davis,  H.  Winter. 

SENATORS. 

Bristow,  Francis  M.             Davis,  John  G. 

John  C.  Breckenridge,  Vice-President. 
Anthony.  Henry  B.              Bayard,  James  A. 

Brown,  John  Y.                     Davis,  Reuben. 
Buffington,  James.               Dawes,  Henry  L. 
Burcb,  John  C.                    De  Jarnette  P.  C. 

Baker,  Edward  D.               Benjamin,  Judah  F'. 

Burlingame,  Ansou.             Delano.  Charles. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


ILr 


Dimmick,  William  H. 

Maynard,  Horace. 

Trimble,  Carey  A.               Washburn,  Israel,  Jr. 

Duell,  R.  Holland. 

McClernand,  John  A 

Underwood,  John  W.  *H.    Webster,  Edward  H. 

Dunn,  William  M. 

McKean,  James  B. 

Vance,  Zebulon  B.              Wells,  Alfred. 

Edgerton,  Sidney. 

McKenty,  Jacob  K."> 

Vandever,  William.             Whiteley,  William  G. 

Edmondson,  Henry  A. 

McKnight,  Robert. 

Vallandigham,  C.  L.           Wilson,  James. 

Edwards,  Thomas  M. 

McPherson,  Edward. 

Van  Wyck,  Charles  H.       Windom,  William. 

Eliot,  Thomas  D. 

McQueen,  John. 

Verree,  John  P.                     Winslow,  Warren. 

Ely,  Alfred. 

McRae,  John  J. 

Wade,  Edward.                     Wood,  John. 

English,  William  H. 

Miles,  William  P. 

Waldron,  Henry.                  Woodruff,  John. 

Etheridge,  Emerson. 

Millson.  John  S. 

Walton,  Ezekiel  P.              Woodson,  Samuel  H. 

Farnsworth,  John  F. 

Millward,  William. 

Washburn,  C.  C.                  Wright,  John  V. 

Fenton,  Reuben  E. 

Montgomery.  William. 

Washburne,  Elihu  B. 

Ferry,  Orris  F. 
Florence,  Thomas  B. 

Moore,  Laban  F.               .  . 
Moore,  Sydenham. 

1   Successfully  contested  the  election  of  J.  R.  Bar 
rett.     2.  Elected  in  place  of  F.  P.  Blair,  resigned. 

Foster,  Stephen  C. 

Moorhead,  James  K. 

3.  Elected  in  place  ot  I.  Washburn,  Jr.,  resigned.     4. 

Fouks,  Philip  B. 
Frank,  Augustus. 

Morrill,  Justin  S. 
Morris.  Edward  J. 

Successfully  contested  the  election  of  George  B.  Cooper. 
5   Elected  "in    place    of    John    Schwartz,    deceased. 

French,  Ezra  B. 

Morris,  Isaac  N. 

6   Elected  in  place  of  William  O.  C.oode,  deceased. 

Garnett,  M.  R.  H. 

Morse.  Freeman  H. 

7.  Elected  in  place  of  S.  M.  Burroughs,  deceased. 

Gartrell,  Lucius  J. 
Gilmer,  John  A. 

Nelson,  T.  A.  R. 
Niblack,  William  E. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Gooch,  Daniel  W. 

Nixon,  John  T. 

Dailey,  Samuel  G.               Parrott,  Marcus  J. 

Graham,  James  H. 

Noell,  John  W. 

Hooper,  William  H.            Stevens,  Isaac  I. 

Grow,  Galusha  A. 

Olin,  Abram  B. 

Otero,  Miguel  A. 

Gurley,  John  A. 
Hale,  James  T. 

Palmer,  George  W. 
Pendleton,  George  H. 

THE  THIRTY-SEVENTH    CONGRESS. 

Hall,  Chapin. 

Perry,  John  J. 

SKNATORS. 

Hamilton,  Andrew  J. 

Pettit,  John  U. 

Hannibal  lid  ml  in,    I'  ice-President. 

Hardeman,  Thomas,  Jr. 

Peyton,  Samuel  O. 

Anthonv,  Henry  B.             Johnson,  Waldo  P. 

Harris,  John  T. 

Phelps,  John  S. 

Arnold,"  Samuel  G.I              Kennedy,  Anthony. 

Harris,  J.  Morrison. 

Porter,  Albert  G. 

Baker,  Edward  D.               King,  Preston. 

Haskin.  John  B. 
Hatton,  Robert. 

Potter,  John  F. 
Pottle,  Emory  B. 

Bayard,  James  A.                 Lane.  Henry  S. 
Bingham,  Kinsley  S.           Lane,  James  H. 

Hawkins,  George  S. 

Pryor,  Roger  A.  6 

Breckenridge.  John  C.         Latham,  Milton  S. 

Helmick,  William. 

Pugh,  James  L. 

Brio-ht  Jesse  D.                   McDougall,  James  A. 

Hickman,  John. 

Quarles,  James  M. 

Browning,  Orville  H.2        Morrill,  LotM. 

Hill,  Joshua. 

Reagan,  John  H. 

Cameron,  Simon.                 Nesinit,  James  W. 

Hindman,  Thomas  C. 

Reynolds,  Edwin  R. 

Carlile,  John  S.  3                  Pearce,  James  A. 

Hoard,  Charles  B. 

Reynolds,  John  H. 

Chandler,  Zachariah.          Polk,  Trusten. 

Holman,  William  S. 
Houston,  George  S. 

Rice,  Alexander  H. 
Riggs,  Jetur  R. 

Chase,  Salmon  P.                 Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 
Clarke   Daniel.                    Powell,  Lazarus  W. 

Howard,  WTillium. 

Robinson,  Christopher. 

Collamer,  Jacob.                   Rice,  Henry  M. 

Howard,  William  A.  4 

Robinson,  James  C. 

Cowan,  Edgar.                      Richardson,  Henry  A.  10 

Hughes,  George  W. 

Royce,  Homer  E. 

Davis,  Garrett.4                   Saulsbury,  Willa-d. 

Humphrey,  James. 

Ruffin,  Thomas. 

Dixon,  James.                      Sherman,  John.  11 

Hutchins,  John. 

Rust,  Albert. 

Doolittle,  James  R.            Simmons,  James  F. 

Irvine,  William. 

Schwartz,  John. 

Douglas.  Stephen  A.            Stark,  Benjamin.  12 

Jackson,  James. 

Scott,  Charles  L. 

Fessenden,  William  P.       Sunnier,  Charles. 

Jenkins,  Albert  G. 

Scranton,  George  W. 

Field,  Richard  F.5              Ten  Eyck,  John  C. 

Jones,  John  J. 

Sedgewick,  Charles  B. 

Foot,  Solomon.                     Thomson,  John  R. 

Junkin,  Benjamin  F. 

Sherman,  John. 

Foster,  Layfayette  S.          Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Keitt,  L.  M. 

Sickles,  Daniel  E.  ? 

Grimes,  James  W.               Turpee,  David.  13 

Kellogg,  Francis  W. 

Simms,  William  E. 

Hale,  John  P.                       Wade,  Benjamin  F. 

Kellogg.  William. 
Kenyou,  William  S. 

Singleton,  Otho  R. 
Smith,  William. 

Harding,  Benjamin  F.6      Wall,  James  W.14 
Ilarlan,  James.                    Wilkinson,  Morton  S. 

Kilgore,  David. 

Smith,  William  X.  II. 

Harris,  Ira.                            Willey,  Waitman  F.15 

Killinger,  John  W. 

Somes.  Daniel  E. 

Henderson,  John  B.7           Wilmot,  David.  16 

Kunkle,  Jacob  M. 

Spaulding,  Elbrid^,  •  G. 

Hicks,  Thomas  H.8             Wilson,  Henry. 

Lamar.  L.  Q.  C. 

Spinner,  Francis  E. 

Howard,  Jacob  M.!)             Wilson,  Robert.  17 

Landrum,  John  M. 

Stallworth,  James  A. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.               Wright,  Joseph  A.  18 

Larrabee.  Charles  H. 

Stanton,  Benjamin. 

Johnson,  Andrew. 

Leach,  De  Witt  C. 
Leach,  James  M. 
Leake,  Shelton  F. 
Lee,  M.  Lindley. 
Logan,  John  A. 
Longnecker,  Henry  C. 
Loomis,  Dwig'.it. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus. 
Stevenson,  John  W. 
Stewart,  James  A. 
Stewart,  William. 
Stokes,  William  B. 
Stout,  Lansing. 
Stratton,  J.  L.  N. 
Taylor,  Miles. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  F.  Simmons,    resigned. 
2.  Appointed  in   place  of  S.  A.  Douglas,  deceased. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  R.  M.  T.  Hunter,  withdrawn. 
4.  Elected  in  place  of  John  C.  Breckenridge,  expel  led. 
5.  Appointed  in  place  of  J.   R.   Thomson,  deceased, 
(i.  Elected  in   place  of  E.   D.  Baker,    deceased.     7. 
Elected  in  place  of  Trusten  Polk,  expelled.     8.  Ap 

Lovegood,  Owen. 
Maclay,  William  B. 
Mallory,  Robert. 
Martin,  Charles  D. 
Martin,  Elbert  S. 
Marston,  Gilman. 

Tappan,  Mason  W. 
Thayer,  Eli. 
Theaker,  Thomas  G. 
Thomas,  James  H. 
Tompkins,  C.  B. 
Train,  Charles  R. 

pointed  in  place  of  James  A.   Pearce,   deceased.     9. 
Elected  in  place  of  Kinsley  S.   Biugham,   deceased. 
10.  Elected  in  place  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  deceased. 
11.  Elected  in  place  of  Salmon  P.  Chase,  resigned. 
12.  Appointed  in  place  of  E.    D.    Baker,   deceased. 
13.   Elected  in  place  of  Jesse  D.   Bright,  expelled. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


14.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  R.  Thomson,  deceased. 

Price,  Thomas  L.10            Upton,  Charles  H. 

15.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  ]ft.  Mason,    -withdrawn. 

Reid,  John  W.                     Vallandingham,  C.  C. 

16.  Elected  in  place  of  S.  Cameron,  resigned.     17. 

Rice,  Alexander  H.             Vandever,  William. 

Appointed   in  place  of  W.    P.    Johnson,   expelled. 

Rice,  Joseph  H.                    Van  Horn,  Burt. 

18.  Appointed  in  place  of  Jesse  D.  Bright,  expelled. 

Richardson,  William  A.     VanValkenburgh,Robt.  B. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Riddle,  Albert  G.                 Van  Wyck,  Charles  H. 
Robinson,  James  C.             Verree,  John  P. 

Galusha  A.  Grow,  Speaker. 

Rollins,  Edward  H.             Vibbard,  Chauncey. 

Aldrich,  Cyrus.                    Frank,  Augustus. 
Allen,  William.                   Gooch,  Dauiel  W. 
Allen,  William  J.I              Goodwin,  John  N. 
Alley,  John  B.                     Granger,  Bradley  F. 
Ancona,  Sydenham  E.         Grider,  Henry. 
Appleton,  William.            Gurley,  John  A. 
Arnold,  Isaac  N.                  Hahn,  Michael. 
Ashley,  James  M.                Haight,  Edward. 
Babbitt,  Elijah.                   Hale,  James  T. 
Bailey,  Goldsmith  F.          Hall,  William  A.6 
Baily,  Joseph.                      Hanchett,  Luther. 
Baker.  Stephen.                   Harding,  Aaron. 
Baxter,  Portus.                    Harrison,  Richard  A. 
Beaman,  Ferdinand  C.        Hickman,  John. 

Rollins,  James  S.                 Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 
Sargeant,  Aaron  A.              Wadsworth,  William  H. 
Sedgwick,  Charles  B.          Walker,  Amasa.12 
Segar,  Joseph  E.                   Wall,  William. 
Shanks.  J.  P.  C.                   Wallace,  John  W. 
Sheffield.  William  P.           Walton,  Charles  W. 
Sheil,  George  K.                  Walton.  Ezekiel  P. 
Shellabarger,  Samuel.         Ward,  Elias. 
Sherman,  S.  N.                    Washburne,  Elihu  B. 
Sloan,  A.  Scott.                    Webster,  Edwin  H. 
Smith,  Edward  H.               Whaley,  Killian  V. 
Spaulding,  Elbridge  G.      Wheeler,  William  A. 
Steele,  John  B.                     White,  Albert  S. 
Steele,  William  G.               White,  Chilton  A. 

Biddle,  Charles  J.2            Holman,  William  F. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus.              Wickliffe,  Charles  A. 

Bingham,  John  A.               Hooper,  Samuel.7 
Blair,  Francis  P.                  Horton,  Valentine  B. 

Stiles,  John  D.ll                 Wilson,  James  F.13 
Stratton,  John  L.  N.           W'indom,  William. 

Blair,  Jacob  B.3                  Hutchins,  John. 

Thomas,  B.  F.                      Wood,  Benjamin. 

Blair,  Samuel  S.                  Jackson,  James  S. 

Thomas,  Francis.                 Woodruff,  George  C. 

Blake,  Harrison  G.              Johnson,  Philip. 

Train.  Charles  R.                 Worcester,  Samuel  P. 

Bridges.  George  W.             Julien,  George  W. 
Brown,  William  G.             Kellogg,  Francis  W. 

Trimble,  Carey  A.                Wright,  Hendrick  B. 
Trowbridge,  Roland  E.       Yeaman,  George  H.14 

Browne,  George  H.              Kellogg.  William. 

1.   Elected  in  place  of  John  A.  Logan,  resigned. 

Bnffington,  James.              Kelly,  William  D. 

'2.  Elected  in  place   of  E.    J.  Morris,  resigned.     3. 

Burnett,  Henry  C.                Kerrigan,  James  E. 

Elected  in  place  of  J.  S.  Carlile,  resigned.    4.  Elected 

Burnham,  Alfred  A.            Killinger,  John  W. 

in    place   of  H.  C.    Burnett,   expelled.     5.    Elected 

Calvert,  Charles  B.              Knapp,  Anthony  L.8 

in  place  of  C.  W.  Walton,  resigned.     6.  Elected  in 

Campbell,  James  H.           Lansing,  William  E. 

place  of  J.  B.  Clark,  expelled.     7.  Elected  in  place 

Carlile,  John  S.                     Law,  John. 

of  William  Appleton,  resigned.     8.  Elected  in  place 

Casey,  Samuel  L.4              Lazear,  Jesse. 

of  John    A.    McClernand,    resigned.     9.  Elected   in 

Chamberlain,  J.  P.              Leary,  C.  L.  L. 

place    of   L.    Hanchett,   deceased.      10.    Elected  in 

Clark,  Ambrose  M.              Lehman,  William  E. 

place  of  J.  W.  Reid,  expelled.     11.  Elected  in  place 

Clements,  Andrew  J.          Logan,  John  A. 

of  T.  B.  Cooper,  deceased.     12.  Elected  in  place  of 

Cobb,  George  T.                   Loomis,  Dwight. 

G.  F.  Bailey,    deceased.      13.    Elected   in   place  of 

Colfax,  Schnyler.                Lovejoy,  Owen. 

Samuel  R.  Curtis,  resigned.     14.  Elected  in  place  of 

Conkling,  Fred  A.               Low,  Frederick  P. 

J.  S.  Jackson,  deceased. 

Conkling,  Roscoe.                Mallory,  Robert. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Conway,  Martin  F.             Mareton,  Gilman. 
Cooper,  Thomas  B.              May,  Henry. 
Corning,  Erastus.                Maynard,  Horace. 
Covode,  John.                      McClernand,  John  A. 

Bennett,  Hiram  P.               Todd,  John  B.  S. 
Bernhisel,  John  M.              Wallace,  William  H. 
Cradlebaugh,  John.             Watts,  John  S. 

Cox,  Samuel  S.                    Mclndoe,  Walter  D.9 

Daily,  Samuel  G. 

Cravens,  James  A.              McKean,  James  B. 
Crisfield,  John  W.               McKnight,  Robert. 

THE  THIRTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 

Crittenden,  John  J.            McPherson,  Edward. 

SENATORS. 

Curtis,  Samuel  R.                 Menzies,  John  W. 

Hannibal  Hamlin,  Vice-President. 

Cutter,  William  P.              Mitchell,  William. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Harlan,  James. 

Davis,  William  M.              Moorhead,  James  K. 

Bayard,  James  A.                Harris,  Ira. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                 Morrill,  Anson. 

Bowden,  Lemuel  J.             Henderson,  John  B. 

Delano,  Charles.                   Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Brown,  B.  Gratz.l               Hendricks,  Thomas  A. 

Delaplaine,  Isaac  C.            Morris,  James  R. 

Buckalew,  Charles  R.         Hicks.  Thomas  H. 

Diven,  Alexander  S.           Nixon,  John  F. 

Carlile,  John  S.                    Howard,  Jacob  M. 

Duel,  R.  Holland.                Noble,  Warren  P. 
Dunlap,  George  W.              Noell,  John  W. 

Chandler,  Zachariah.          Howe,  Timothy  O. 
Clark,  Daniel.                      Johnson,  Reverdy. 

Dunn,  W.  McKee.               Norton,  Elijah  H. 
Edgerton,  Sidney.               Nugen,  Robert  H. 

Collamer,  Jacob.                  Lane,  Henry  S. 
Conness,  John.                     Lane,  James  H. 

Edwards,  Thomas  M.          Odell,  Moses  F. 
Eliot,  Thomas  D.                Olin,  Abraham  B. 

Cowan,  Edgar.                     McDougall,  James  A. 
Davis,  Garrett.                     Morgan,  Edward  D. 

Ely,  Alfred.                          Patton,  John. 

Dixon,  James.                      Morrill,  Lot  M. 

English,  James  E.               Pendleton,  George  H 

Doolittle,  Jamas  R.             Nesmith,  James  W. 

Fenton,  Reuben  E.              Perry,  Nehemiah. 

Farwell,  Nathan  A.2           Nye,  James  W. 

Fessenden,  Samuel  C.         Phelps,  John  S. 
Fessenden,  T.  A.  D.5         Phelps,  Timothy  G. 
Fisher,  George  P.                Pike,  Frederick  A. 
Flanders,  Benjamin  F.        Pomeroy,  Theodore  M 
Fouke,  Philip  B.                 Porter,  Albert  G. 
Franchot,  Richard.              Potter,  John  F. 

Fessenden,  William  P.       Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 
Foot,  Solomon.                     Powell,  Lazarus  W. 
Foster,  La  Fayette  S.          Ramsey,  Alexander. 
Grimes,  James  W.               Riddle,  George  R.3 
Hale,  John  P.                       Richardson,  William  A. 
Harding.  Benjamin  F.        Saulsbury,  William. 

TABULAE     RECORDS. 


Ixi 


Sherman,  John.                    Wade,  Benjamin  F. 

O'Neill,  Charles.                  Steele,  William  G. 

Sprague,  William.               Wilkinson,  Morton  S. 

O'Neill,  John.                      Stevens,  Thaddeus. 

Stewart,  William  M.           Willey,  Waitman  T. 

Orth,  Godlove  S.                  Stiles,  John  D. 

Sumner,  Charles.                 Wilson,  Henry. 

Patterson,  James  W.           Strouse,  Myer. 

Ten  Eyck,  John  C.              Wilson,  Kobert.4 

Pendleton,  George  H.         Stuart,  John  T. 

Trumbull,  Lyman.              Wright,  William. 

Perham,  Sidney.                 Sweat,  L.  D.  M. 

Van  Winkle,  Peter. 

Perry,  Nehemiah.                Thayer,  M.  Russell. 

1.  Elected  in   place  of  W.  P.  Johnson,  expelled- 

Pike,  Frederick  A.              Thomas,  Francis. 

2.  Appointed  in  place  of  W.  P.  Fessenden,  resigned- 

Pomeroy,  Theodore  M.       Townsend,  Dwight.  3 

3.  Elected  in   place  of  James  A.   Bayard,  resigned. 

Price,  Hiram.                       Tracy,  Henry  W. 

Appointed  in  place  of  W.  P.  Johnson,  expelled. 

Pruyn,  John  V.  L.               Upson,  Charles. 

Radford,  William.               Van  Valkenburgh,  R.  B. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Randall,  Samuel  J.             Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 

Hchuyler  Colfax,  Speaker. 

Randall,  William  H.           Wadsworth,  William  H. 

Allen,  James  C.                   Griswold,  John  A. 
Allen,  William  J.                Hale,  James  T. 
Alley,  John  B.                     Hall,  William  A. 
Allison,  William  B.             Harding,  Aaron. 
Ames,  Oakes.                        Harrington,  Henry  W. 
Ancona,  Sydenham  E.         Harris,  Benjamin  G. 
Anderson,  Lucien.               Harris,  Charles  M. 
Arnold,  Isaac  N.                  Herrick,  Anson. 
Ashley,  James  M.               Higby,  William. 
Baily,  Joseph.                       Holrnan,  William  S. 
Baldwin,  Augustus  C.         Hooper,  Samuel. 
Baldwin,  John  D.                Hotchkiss,  Giles  W. 
Baxter,  Portus.                     Hubbard,  Asahel  W. 
Beaman,  Fernando  C.          Hubbard.  John  H. 
Blair,  F.  P.                           Hulburd,'  Calvin  T. 
Blair,  Jacob  B.                     Hutchius,  Wells  A. 
Elaine,  James  G.                  Ingersoll,  Ebon  C.I 
Bliss,  George.                        Jencks,  Thomas  A. 

Rice,  Alexander  H.             Ward,  Elijah. 
Rice,  John  H.                       Washburn,  William  B. 
Robinson.  James.                 Washburne,  Elihu  B. 
Rogers,  Andrew  J.               Webster,  Edwin  H. 
Rollins,  Edward  H.             Whaley,  Killian  V. 
Rollins,  James  S.                Wheeler,  Ezra. 
Ross,  Lewis  W.                    White,  Chilton  A. 
Schenck,  Robert  C.              White,  Joseph  W. 
Scofield,  Glenni  W.              Wilder,  A.  Carter. 
Scott,  John  W.                     Williams,  Thomas. 
Shannon,  Thomas  B.           Wilson,  James  F. 
Sloan,  Ithamar  C.                Windom,  William. 
Smith,  Green  C.                   Winfield,  Charles  H. 
Smithers,  Nathan  B^           Wood,  Benjamin. 
Spaulding,  Rut'u.s  P.            Wood,  Fernando. 
Starr,  John  F.                      Woodbridge,  Fred.  E. 
Stebbins,  Henry  G.             Worthington,  Henry  Q. 
Steele,  John  B.                   Yeaman,  George  H. 

Blow,  H.  T.                          Johnson,  Philip. 

1.  Elected   in   place  of  Owen   Lovejoy,   deceased. 

Boutwell,  George  S.             Johnson,  William. 

2.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  F.  P.  Blair, 

Boyd,  S.  H.                          Julien,  George  W. 

Jr.     3.  Elected  in  place  of  H.  G.  Stebbins,  resigned. 

Brandegee,  Augustus.         Kasson,  John  A. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Bromall,  John  M.                Kalbfleisch,  Martin. 
Brooks,  James.                     Kellogg,  Francis  W. 
Brown,  James  S.                  Kellogg,  Orlando. 

Bennett,  H.  P.                     Mott,  Gordon  N. 
Dole,  George  E.                   Perea,  Francisco. 
Daily,  Samuel  G.                Poston,  Charles  D. 

Brown,  William  G.              Kelly,  William  D. 

Jayne,  William.                   Todd,  J.  B.  S.I 

Chandler,  John  W.              Kernan,  Francis. 
Clark,  Ambrose  W.              King,  Austin  A. 

Kenney,  John  F.                 Wallace,  William  H. 
McLean,  Samuel. 

Clark,  Freeman.                   Knapp,  Anthony  L. 
Clay,  Brutus  J.                    Knox,  Samuel.2 

1.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  William 

Cobb,  Amasa.                       Law,  John. 

Jayne. 

Coffroth,  Alexander  H.       Lazear,  Jesse. 

THE   THIRTY-NINTH   CONGRESS. 

Cole,  Cornelius.                    Le  Blond,  Francis  C. 

Cox,  S.  S.                              Littlejohn.  De  Witt  C. 

SENATOBS. 

Cravens,  James  A.               Loan,  Benjamin. 

Andrew  Johnson,  Vice-President.]. 

Cresswell,  John  A.  J.          Long,  Alexander. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Howard,  Jacob  M. 

Davis,  H.  Winter.               Longyear,  John  W. 

Brown,  B.  Gratz.                 Howe,  Timothy  O. 

Davis,  Thomas  T.                Lovejoy,  Owen. 

Buckalew,  Charles  R.         Johnson,  Reverdy. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                 Mallory,  Robert. 

Cattell,  Alexander  G.2       Kirkwood,  Samuel  J.6 

Dawson,  John  L.                 Marcy,  Daniel. 

Chandler,  Zachariah.          Lane,  Henry  S. 

Deming,  Henry  C.                Marvin,  James  M. 

Clark,  Daniel.                      Lane,  James  H. 

JVnison,  Charles.                  McAllister,  Archibald. 

Conness,  John.                     McDougall,  James  A. 

Di>;on,  Nathan  F.                 McBride,  John  B. 

Cowan,  Edgar.                      Morgan,  Edward  D. 

D  'iinelly.  Ignatius.              McClurg,  Joseph  W. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H.                Morrill,  Lot  M. 

-brings,  John  F.                    McDowell,  James  F. 

Cresswell,  J.  A.  J.               Nesmith,  James  W. 

Dumont,  Ebenezer.              Mclndoe,  Walter  C. 

Davis,  Garrett.                     Norton,  Daniel  S. 

Eckley,  Ephraim  R.             McKinney,  John  F. 

Dixon,  James.                      Nye,  James  W. 

Eden,  John  R.                      Middleton,  George. 

Doolittle,  James  R.             Patterson,  David  T. 

Edgerton,  Joseph  K.           Miller,  Samuel  F. 

Edmunds,  George  F.3         Poland,  Luke  P.7 

Elbridge,  Charles  A,            Miller,  William  H. 

Fessenden,  W.  P.                Pomeroy,  Stephen  C. 

Eliot,  Thomas  D.                Moorhead,  James  K. 

Fogg,  George  G.4                 Ramsey,  Alexander. 

English,  James  E.               Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Foot,  Solomon.                     Riddle,  George  R. 

Farns  worth,  John  F.           Morris,  Daniel. 

Foster,  La  Fayette  S.          Ross,  Edmund  G.8 

Fenton,  Reuben  E.              Morris,  James  R. 

Fowler,  Joseph  S.                Saulsbnry,  Willard. 

Finck,  William  E.               Morrison,  William  R. 

Frelinghuysen,  Fred.  T.5  Sherman,  John. 

Frank,  Augustus.                Myers,  Amos. 

Grimes,  James  W.               Sprague,  William. 

Garfield,  James  A.              Myers,  Leonard. 

Guthrie,  James.                   Stewart,  William  M. 

Ganson,  John.                      Nelson,  Homer  A. 

Harlan,  James.                    Stocton,  John  P. 

Gooch,  D;.niel  W.                Noble,  Warren  P. 

Harris,  Ira.                           Sumner,  Charles. 

Gridar,  Henry.                     Norton,  Jesse  O. 

Henderson,  John  B.            Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Grinnell,  Josiah  B.              Odell,  Moses  F. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A.        Van  Winkle,  Peter  G. 

Ixii 


TABULAR     RECOKDS. 


Wade,  Benjamin  F.  Wilson,  Henry. 

Wilhy,  Waitman  T.  Wright,  William. 

Williams,  George  H.  Yates,  Richard. 

1  Became  President  on  the  death  of  President 
Lincoln.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  P.  Stocton  whose 
seat  was  declared  vacant.  3.  Elected  in  place  of 
Solomon  Foot,  deceased.  4.  Appointed  in  place  01 
Daniel  Clark,  resigned.  5.  Appointed  in  place  01 
William  Wright,  deceased.  6.  Elected  in  place  ol 
James  Harlan,  deceased.  7.  Appointed  in  place  ot 
Jacob  Collamer,  deceased.  8.  Appointed  m  place  . 
James  Harlan,  resigned. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 
tichuyler  Coif  ax,  Speaker. 


Alley,  John  B. 
Allison,  William  B. 
Ames,  Oakes. 
Ancona,  Sydenham  E. 
Anderson,  George  W. 
Arnell,  Samuel  N. 
Ashley,  Delos  B. 
Baker,  Jehu. 
Baldwin,  John  D. 
Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 
Barker.  Abraham  A. 
Baxter,  Portus. 
Beaman,  Fernando  C. 
Benjamin,  John  F. 
Bergen.  Tennis  G. 
Bidwell,  John. 
Bingham.  John  A. 
Elaine,  James  G. 
Blow,  Henry  T. 
Bout  well,  George  S. 
Boyer,  Benjamin  M. 
Brandegee,  Augustus. 
Brooks,  James. 
Broomhall,  John  M. 
Bromvvell,  H.  P.  H. 
Bucklunds,  Ralph  P. 
Bundy,  Hezekiah  S. 
Campbell,  William  B. 
Chanler,  John  W. 
Clark,  Reader  W. 
Clark,  Sidney. 
Cobb,  Amasa. 
Coffroth,  Alexander  H. 
Conkling,  Roscoe. 
Cooper,  Edmund. 
Cook,  Burton  C. 
Cullom,  Shelby  M. 

Darling,  William  A. 

Davis,  Thomas  F. 

Dawes,  Henry  L. 

Dawson,  John  L. 

Defrees,  Joseph  H. 

Delano,  Columbus. 

Deming,  Henry  C. 

Denison,  Charles. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F. 

Dodge,  William  E.I 

Donnelly,  Ignatius. 

Driggs,  John  F. 

Dumont,  Ebenezer. 

Eckley,  Ephraim  R. 

Eggleston,  Benjamin. 

Eldridge,  Charles  A. 

Eliot-,  Thomas  D. 

Farnsworth,  John  F. 

Farquhar,  John  H. 

Ferrv,  Thomas  W. 

Finck,  William  E. 

Garlield,  James  A. 

Glaasbrenner,  Adam  J. 


Goodyear,  Charles. 
Grider,  Henry. 
Grinnell,  Josiah  B. 
Griswold,  John  A. 
Hale.  Roberts. 
Harding,  Aaron. 
Harding,  Abner  C. 
Harris,  Benjamin  G. 
Hart,  Boswell. 
Hawkins,  Isaac  R. 
Hayes,  Rutherford  B. 
Henderson,  J.  H.  D. 
Hill,  Ralph. 
Hise,  Elijah.2 
Hogan,  John. 
Holmes,  Sidney. 
Hooper,  Samuel. 
Hotchkiss,  Giles  W. 
Hubbard,  Asahel  W. 
Hubbard,  Chester  D. 
Hubbard,  Demas  J. 
Hubbard,  Warner  L. 
Hubbell,  Edwin  L. 
Hubbell,  James  R. 
Hulburd,  Calvin  T. 
Humphrey,  James. 
Humphrey,  James  M. 
Hunter,  John  W.3 
Ingersoll,  Ebon  C. 
Jenckes,  Thomas  A. 
Johnson,  Philip. 
Jones,  Morgan. 
.Tulien,  George  W. 
Kasson,  John  A. 
Kelly,  William  D. 
Kelso,  John  R. 
Kerr,  Michael  C. 
Ketcham,  John  H. 
Koontz,  William  H.4 
Kuykendall,  Andrew  J. 
LaHin,  Addison  H. 
Latham,  George  R. 
Lawrence,  George  V. 
Lawrence,  William. 

Le  Blond,  Francis  C. 

Leftwitch,  John  W. 

Loan,  Benjamin  F. 

Longyear,  John  W. 

Lynch,  John. 

Marshall,  Samuel  S. 

Marston,  Gilnaan. 

Marvin,  James  M. 

Maynard,  Horace. 

McClurg,  Joseph  W. 

McCullough,  Hiram. 

Mclndoe,  Walter  D. 

McKee,  Samuel. 

McRuer,  Donald  0. 

Mercur,  Ulysses. 

Miller,  George  F. 


Moorhead,  James  K. 
Morrill,  Justin  S. 
Morris,  Daniel. 
Moulton,  Samuel  S. 
Myers,  Leonard. 
Newell,  William  A. 
Niblack,  William  E. 
Nicholson,  John  A. 
Noell,  Thomas  E. 
O'Neill,  Charles. 
Orth,  Godlove  S. 
Paine,  Halbert  E. 
Patterson.  James  W. 
Perhani,  Sidney. 
Phelps.  Charles  E. 
Pike,  Fred.  A. 
Plants,  Tobias  A. 
Pomeroy,  Theodore  M 
Price,  Hiram. 
Radford,  William. 
Randall,  Samuel  J. 
Randall,  William  H. 

Raymond,  Henry  T. 

Rice,  Alexander  H. 

Rice,  John  II. 

Sitter,  Burwell  C. 

Rodgers,  Andrew  J. 

Rollins,  Edward  H. 

Ross,  Lewis  W. 

liousseau,  Lovell  H. 

Sawyer,  Philetus. 

Schenck,  Robert  C. 

Scotield,  Glenni  W. 

Shanklin,  George  S. 

Shellabarger,  Samuel 

Sitgreaves,  Charles. 

Sloan.  Ithamar  C. 


Smith,  Green  C. 
Spaulding.  Rufus. 
Starr,  John  F. 
Stevens,  Thaddeus. 
Stillwell,  Thomas  N. 
Stokes,  William  B. 
Strouse,  Myer. 
Taber,  Stephen. 
Taylor,  Nathaniel  J. 
Taylor,  Nelson. 
Thayer,  M.  Russell. 
Thomas,  Francis. 
Thomas,  John  L..  Jr. 
Thornton,  Anthony. 
Trimble,  Lawrence  S. 
Trowbridge,  R.  E. 
Upson,  Charles. 
Van  Aernam,  Henry. 
Van  Horn,  Bert. 
Van  Horn,  Robert  T. 
Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 
W7ard,  Andrew  H.5 

Ward,  Hamilton. 

Warner,  Samuel  L. 

Wrashburn,  Henry  D.6 

Washburn.  William  B. 

Washburne,  Elihu  B. 

Welker,  Martin. 

Wentworth,  John. 

Whaley,  Killian  V. 

Williams,  Thomas. 

Wilson,  James  F. 

Wilson,  Stephen  F. 

Windom,  William. 

Winneld.  Charles  H. 


Woodbridge,  Fred.  E. 
Wright,  E.  R.  V. 
1.  Successfully  contested    the  election   of   James 
Brooks.     2.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  Grider,   de 
ceased.     3.  Elected   in  place   of  James  Humphrey, 
deceased.     4.  Successfully  contested  the  election   of 
A.   H.   Coffroth.     5.  Elected   in   place   of  Green   C. 
Smith,  resigned.     6.  Successfully  contested  the  elec 
tion  of  D.  W.  Voorhees. 

Territorial  Delegates. 


Bradford,  Allen  A. 
Burleigh,  Walter  A. 
Chaves,  J.  Francisco. 
Denny,  Arthur. 
Goodwin,  John  N. 


Hitchcock,  Phineas  W. 
Holbrook,  E.  D. 
Hooper,  William  H. 
McLean,  Samuel. 


THE  FORTIETH  CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 
Benjamin  F.  Wade,  President  pro  tern. 


Abbott,  Joseph  C. 
Anthony.  Henry  B. 
Bayard,  James  A.I 
Buckalew,  Charles  R. 
( 'ameron,  Simon. 
Cattell,  Alexander  G. 
Chandler,  Zachariah. 
Cole,  Cornelius. 
Conkling,  Roscoe. 
( 'onness,  John. 
Corbett,  Henry  W. 
Cragin,  Aaron  H. 
Davis,  Garrett. 
Dixon,  James. 
Doolittle,  James  R. 
Drake,  Charles  D. 
Edmunds,  George  F. 
Ferry,  Orris  F. 
Fessenden,  W.  P. 
Fowler,  Joseph  S. 


Frelinghuysen,  F.  T. 
Grimes,  Joseph  W. 
Guthrie,  James. 
Harlan,  James. 
Harris,  John  S. 
Henderson,  John  B. 
Hendricks,  Thomas  A. 
Howard,  Jacob  M. 
Howe,  Timothy  O. 
Johnson,  Reverdy. 
Kellogg.  W'illiam  Pitt. 
McCreery,  Thomas  C.2 
McDonald,  Alexander. 
Morgan,  Edwin  D. 
Morrill,  Justin  S. 
Morrill,  Lot  M. 
Morton,  Charles  P. 
Norton,  Daniel  S. 
Nye,  James  W. 
Osborn,  Thomas  W. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixiii 


Patterson,  David  T. 
Patterson,  James  W. 
Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 
Pool,  John. 
Ramsey,  Alexander. 
Rice,  Benjamin  F. 
Riddle,  George  R. 
Robertson,  Thomas  J. 
Ross,  Edmnnd  G. 
Saulshury   Willard. 
Sawyer,  Frederick  A. 
Sherman,  John. 
Spencer,  George  E. 
Sprague,  William. 
Stewart,  William  M. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  G.  R.  Riddle,  deceased. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  James  Guthrie,  resigned.  3. 
Appointed  in  place  of  Reverdy  Johnson,  resigned. 
4.  Elected  in  place  of  C.  S.  Hamilton,  deceased. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 


Simmer,  Charles. 
Thayer,  John  M. 
Tipton.  Thomas  W. 
Truiubuil,  Lyman. 
Van  Winkle,  Peter  G. 
Vickers,  George. 
Wade,  Benjamin  F.3 
Warner,  Willard. 
Welch,  Adonijah  S. 
Whyte,  W.  Pinckney.4 
Willey,  Waitman  T. 
Williams,  George  H. 
Wilson,  Henry. 
Yates,  Richard. 


Schuyler 

Adams,    George  M. 
Allison,  William  B. 
Ames.  Oakes. 
Anderson,  George  W. 
Archer,  Stevenson. 
Arnell,  Samuel  M. 
Ashley,  Delos  B. 
Ashley,  James  M. 
Axtell,  Samuel  B. 
Bailey,  Alexander  H.I 
Baker,  John. 
Baldwin,  John  D. 
Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 
Barnes,  Demas. 
Barnum,  W.  H. 
Beaman,  Fernando  C. 
Beatty,  John. 2 
Beck,  James  B. 
Benjamin,  John  F. 
Benton,  Jacob. 
Bingham,  John  A. 
Blaine,  James  G. 
Blair,  Austin. 
Blackburn,  W.  Jasper. 
Boles,  Thomas. 
Boutwell,  George  S. 
Bowen,  C.  C. 
Boyden,  Nathaniel. 
Boyer,  Benjamin  M. 
Bromwell,  H.  P.  H. 
Brooks,  James. 
Broomall,  John  M. 
Buckland,  Ralph  P. 
Buckley,  Charles  W. 
Burr,  Albert  G. 
Butler,  Benjamin  F. 
Butler,  Roderick  R. 
Cake,  Henry  L. 
Callis,  John  B. 
Carey,  Samuel  F.3 
Chanler,  John  W. 
Churchill,  John  C. 
Clark,  Reader  W. 
Clark,  Sidney. 
Clift,  Joseph  W. 
Cobb,  Amasa. 
Coburn,  John. 
Cook,  Burton  C. 
Corley,  Simeon. 
Cornell,  Thomas. 
Covode,  John. 
Cullom,  Shelby  M. 
Dawes,  Henry  L. 


Colfax,  Speaker. 

Delano,  Columbus. 4 
Denison,  Charles. 
Dervees,  John  T. 
Dickey,  Oliver  J.5 
Dixon,  Nathaniel  F. 
Dockery,  Oliver  H. 
Dodge,  Greenville  M. 
Donnelly,  Ignatius. 
Driggs,  Johii  T. 
Eckley,  Ephraim  R. 
Edwards,  W.  P. 
Elax,  Jacob  H. 
Elbridge,  Charles  A. 
Eggleston,  Benjamin. 
Eliot,  Thomas  D. 
Elliott,  James  F.6 
Farnsworth,  John  F. 
Ferris,  Orange. 
Ferry,  Thomas  W. 
Fields,  William  C. 
Fox,  John. 
French,  John  R. 
Garfield,  James  A. 
Getz,  J.  Lawrence. 
Glossbrenner,  Adam  J. 
Golladay,  Jacob  S.7 
Goss,  James  H. 
Gravely,  Josiah  J. 
Griswold,  John  A. 
Grove,  Samuel  F. 
Grover,  Asa  P. 
Haight,  Charles. 
Halsey,  George  A. 
Hamilton,  Charles  M. 
Hamilton,  Cornelius  S. 
Harding,  Abner  C. 
Haughey,  Thomas. 
Hawkins,  Isaac  R. 
Hayes,  Rutherford  B. 
Heaton,  David. 
Higbv,  William. 
Hill,  "John. 
Hinds,  James. 
Hoi  man,  William  S. 
Hopkins,  Benjamin  F. 
Hotchkiss,  Julius. 
Hooper,  Samuel. 
Hubbard,  Asahel  W. 
Hubbard,  Chester  D. 
Hubbard,  Richard  D. 
Hulburd,  Calvin  T. 
Humphrey,  James  M. 
Hunter,  Morton  C. 


Ingersoll,  Ebon  C. 
Jen  ekes,  Thomas  A. 
Johnson,  James  A. 
Jones,  Alexander  H. 
Jones,  Thomas  L. 
Tudd,  Norman  B. 
Julien,  George  W. 
Kelly,  William  D. 
Kellogg,  Francis  W. 
Kelsey,  William  H. 
Kerr,  Michael  C. 
Ketoham,  John  H. 
Kitchen,  Bethuel  M. 
Knott,  J.  Proctor. 
Koontz,  William  H. 
Laflin,  Addison  H. 
Lash,  Israel  G. 
Lawrence,  G.  V. 
Lawrence,  William. 
Lincoln,  William  S. 
Loan,  Benjamin  F. 
Logan,  John  A. 
Loughridge,  William. 
Lynch,  John. 
Mallory,  Rufus. 
Mann,  James. 
Marshall,  Samuel  S. 
Marvin,  James  M. 
Maynard,  Horace. 
McCarthy.  Dennis. 
McClurg,  Joseph  W. 
McCormick,  James  R.8 
McC'ullough,  Hiram. 
MoKee,  Samuel. 
Mercur.  Ulysses. 
Miller,  George  F. 
Moore,  W. 
Moorhead,  James  K. 
Morgan,  George  W. 
Morrell,  Daniel  J. 
Morrissey,  John. 
Mullins,  James. 
M unger,  William. 
Myers,  Leonard. 
New  comb,  Gormen  A. 
Newsham,  Joseph  P. 
Niblack,  William  E. 
Nicholson.  John  A. 
Noell,  Thomas  E. 
Norris,  Benjamin  W. 
Nunn,  David  A. 
O'Neill,  Charles.  « 
Orth,  Godlove  S. 
Paine,  Halbert  E. 
Perham,  Sidney. 
Peters.  John  A. 
Pettis,  Newton  S.9 
Phelps,  Charles  E. 
Pierce,  Charles  W. 
Pike,  Frederick  A. 
Pile,  William  A. 
Plants,  Tobias  A. 
Poland.  Luke  P. 


Polsley,  Daniel. 
Pomeroy,  Theodore  M. 
Price,  Hiram. 
Prince,  Charles  H. 
Pruyn,  J.  V.  L. 
Randall,  Samuel  J. 
Raum,  Green  B. 
Robertson,  William  H. 
Robinson,  William  E. 
Roots,  Logan  H. 
Ross,  Lewis  W. 
Sawyer,  Philetus. 
Schenck,  Robert  C. 
Schofield,  GlenniW. 
Selye.  Lewis. 
Shanks,  J.  R.  C. 
Shellabarger,  Samuel. 
Sitgreaves,  Charles. 
Smith,  Worthington  C. 
Spalding,  Rufus  P. 
Starkweather,  Henry  H. 
Stevens,  Aaron  F. 
Stevens,  Thomas. 
Stewart,  Thomas  E. 
Stokes,  William  B. 
Stone,  Frederick. 
Stover,  John  H.10 
Sypher,  J.  H. 
Taber,  Stephen. 
Taffe,  John. 
Taylor,  Caleb  N. 
Thomas,  Francis. 
Tift,  Nelson. 
Trowbridge,  R.  E. 
Trimble,  Lawrence  S. 
Trimble,  John. 
Twichell,  Ginery. 
Upon,  Charles. 
Vau  Aernam,  Henry. 
Van  Auken.  Daniel  M. 
Van  Horn,  Burt. 
Van  Horn,  Robert  T. 
Van  Trump,  Philadelphia 
Van  Wyck,  Charles  H. 
Vidal,  Michael. 
Ward,   Hamilton. 
Washburn,  C.  C. 
Washburn.  Henry  D. 
Washburn,    William  B. 
Washburne,  Elihu  B. 
Welker,  Martiu. 
Whittemore,  B.  F. 
Williams,  Thomas. 
Williams,  William. 
Wilson,  James  F. 
Wilson,  John  T. 
Wilson.  Stephen  F. 
Windon,  William. 
Wood.  Fernando. 
Woodbridge,  Fred  E. 
Woodward,  George  W.  11 
Young,  P.  M.  B. 


1.  Elected  in  place  of  Roscoe  Conkling,  elected 
Senator.  2.  Elected  in  place  of  C.  S.  Hamilton, 
deceased.  3.  Elected  in  place  of  Rutherford  B. 
Hayes,  resigned.  4.  Successfully  contested  the  elec 
tion  of  George  W.  Morgan.  5.  Elected  in  place  of 
Thaddeus  Stephens,  deceased.  6.  Elected  in  place 
of  James  Hinds,  deceased.  7.  Elected  in  place  of 
Elijah  Hill,  deceased.  8.  Elected  in  placeof  Thomas 
E.  Noell,  deceased.  9.  Elected  in  place  of  Darwin 
Finney,  deceased.  10.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  W. 
McClurg,  resigned.  11.  Elected  in  place  of  Charles 
Denison,  deceased. 


Ixir 


TABULAK     KECUKDS. 


Territorial  Delegates. 

Boyd,  Sempronius  H. 

Hoar,  George  F. 

Bashford'  Coles.                   Clever,  Charles  P. 
Bnrleigh,  Walter  A.            Flanders,  Al  van. 
Cavanaugh,  James  M.         Holbrook,  E.  D. 
Chilcott,  George  M.            Hooper,  William  M. 

Brooks,  George  M.2 
Brooks,  James. 
Buck,  Alfred  E. 
Buckley,  Charles  W. 
Buffington,  James. 

Hoag,  Truman  H. 
Hoge,  Solomon  L. 
Holmes,  Charles  H.6 
Holman,  William  S. 
Hooper,  Samuel. 

THE  FORTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 

Burchard,  Horatio  C.3 

Hopkins,  Benjamin  F. 

Burdet,  Samuel  S. 

Hotchkiss,  Giles  W. 

SENATORS. 

Burr,  Albert  G. 

Ingersoll,  Ebon  C. 

Schuyler  Colfax,  Vice-Pre*idi')it. 

Butler,  Benjamin  F. 

Jenckes,  Thomas  A. 

Abbott,  Joseph  C.                McDonald,  Alexander. 
Ames,  Adelbert.                   Miller,  H.  V.  M. 

Butler,  Roderick  R. 
Cake,  Henry  L. 

Johnson,  James  A. 
Jones,  Alexander  H. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.              Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Calkins,  Henry  C. 

Jones,  Thomas  L. 

Bayard,  Thomas  F.I           Morrill,  Lot  M.  5 

Cesna,  Jol  n. 

Judd,  Norrnan  B. 

Blair,  Francis  P.,  Jr.2        Morton,  Oliver  P. 

Churchill,  John  C. 

Julien,  George  W. 

Boreman,  Arthur  I.            Norton,  Daniel  S. 

Clark,  Sidney. 

Kellogg,  Stephen  W. 

Brownlow,  William  G.       Nye,  James  W. 

Clark,  William  T. 

Kelly,  William  D. 

Buckingham,  W.  A.            Osborn,  Thomas  W. 

Cleveland,  Orestes. 

Kelsey,  William  H. 

Cameron,  Simon.                 Patterson,  James  W. 

Cobb,  Amasa. 

Kerr,  Michael  C. 

Carpenter,  Martin  H.          Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 

Cobb,  Clinton  L. 

Ketchain,  John  H. 

Casserly,  Eugene.                Pool,  John. 

Coburn,  John. 

Knapp,  Charles. 

Cattell,  Alexander  G.          Pratt,  Daniel  D. 

Conger,  Omar  D. 

Knott,  J.  Proctor. 

Chandler,  Zachariah.           Ramsey,  Alexander. 

Connor,  John  C. 

Laflin,  Addison  IF. 

Cole,  Cornelius.                    Revels,  Hiram  R. 

Cook,  Burton  C. 

Last,  Israel  G. 

Conkling,  Roscoe.                Rice,  Benjamin  F. 

Corker,  Stephen  A. 

Lawrence,  William. 

Corbett.  Henry  W.              Robertson,  Thomas  J. 

Covode,  John. 

Lewis,  Joseph  H.7 

Cragin.  Aaron  H.                Ross,  Edmund  G. 

Cowles,  George  W. 

Logan,  John  A. 

Davis,  Garrett.                     Saulsbury,  Willard. 

Cox,  Samuel  S. 

Long,  Jefferson  F. 

Drake,  Charles  D.                Sawyer,  Frederick  A. 

Culloru,  Shelby  M. 

Loughridge,  William. 

Edmunds,  George  F.           Schurz,  Carl. 

Cubs,  John  M. 

Lynch,  John. 

Fenton.  Reuben  E.               Scott,  John. 

Darrell,  Chester  B. 

Manning,  John,  Jr. 

Ferry,  Orris  F.                     Sherman  John. 

Davis,  Noah. 

Marshall,  Samuel  S. 

Fessenden,  William  P.       Spencer,  George  E. 

Dawes,  Henry  L. 

May  ham,  Stephen  L. 

Flannagan,  J.  W.                Sprague,  William. 

Degener,  Edward. 

Maynard,  Horace. 

Fowler,  Joseph  S.                Stearnes,  Ozora  P.  6 

Dewees,  John  F. 

McCarthy,  Dennis. 

Gilbert,  Abijah.                   Stewart,  William  M. 

Dickey,  Oliver  J. 

McCormick,  James  R. 

Grimes,  James  W.               Stockton,  John  P. 

Dickenson,  Ed.  F. 

McCrary,  George  W. 

Hamilton,  Morgan  C.          Sumner,  Charles. 

Dixon,  Joseph.  4 

McGrew,  James  C. 

Hamilton,  William  T.3      Thayer,  John  M. 

Dixon,  Nathaniel  F. 

McKee,  George  C. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.              Thurman,  Allen  G. 

Dockery,  Oliver  H. 

McKenzie,  Lewis. 

Harlan,  James.                    Tipton,  Thomas  W. 

Douley,  Joseph  B. 

McNeely,  Thompson  W. 

Harris,  John  S.                    Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Dox,  Peter  M. 

Mercur,  Ulysses. 

Hill,  Joshua.                        Vickers,  George. 

Duke,  B.  T.  W.5 

Milnes,  William,  Jr. 

Howell,  James  B.4              Warner,  Willard. 

Duval,  Isaac  H. 

Moffet,  John. 

Howard,  Jacob  M.               Willey,  Waitman  T. 

Dyer,  David  P. 

Moore,  Eliakim  H. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.              Williams,  George  H. 

El  a,  Jacob  H. 

Moore,  Jesse  H. 

Johnston,  John  W.             Wilson,  Henry. 

Eldridge.  Charles  A. 

Moore,  William. 

Kellogg,  William  P.           Windom,  William.7 

Farnsworth,  John  F. 

Morey,  Frank. 

Lewis,  John  F.                   Yates,  Richard. 

Ferriss,  Orange. 

Morgan,  George  W. 

McCreery,  Thorn  as  C. 

Ferry,  Thomas  W. 

Morphis,  Joseph  L. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  G.   R.   Riddle,   deceased. 

Finkelnburg,  G.  A. 

Morrell,  Daniel  W. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  C.   D.   Drafre,   resigned.     3. 

Fisher,  John. 

Morrill,  Samuel  1*. 

Elected    in    place    of   Reverdy  Johnson,    resigned. 

Fitch,  Thomas. 

Morrissey,  John. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  J.  W.  Grimes,  resigned.     5.  Ap 
pointed   in    place   of   W.    P.   Fessenden,   deceased. 

Fox,  John. 
Garfield,  James  A. 

Mungen,  William. 
Myers,  Leonard.  8 

6.  Elected  in  place  of  D.  S.  Norton,  deceased.     7.  Ap 

Getz,  Lawrence. 

Negley,  James  S. 

pointed  in  place  of  D.  S.  Norton,  deceased. 

Gibson,  James  K. 

Newsham,  John  P.  9 

Gilfillan,  Calvin  W. 

Niblack,  William  E. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Golladay,  J.  S. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

James  G.  Elaine,  Speaker. 

Greene,  George  W. 

Orth,  Godlove  S. 

Adams,  George  M.               Beaman,  Fernando  C. 

Griswold,  John  A. 

Packard,  Jasper. 

Allison,  William  B.             Heatty,  John. 

Haight,  Charles. 

Packer,  John  B. 

Ambler,  Jacob  A.                Beck,  James  B. 

Haldeinan,  Richard  J. 

Paine,  Halbert  E. 

Ames,  Oakes.                       Benjamin,  John  F. 

Hale,  Eugene. 

Paine,  William  W. 

Archer,  Stevenson.              Bennett,  David  S. 

Hambleton.  Samuel. 

Palmer,  Frank  W. 

Armstrong,  William  H.      Benton,  Jacob. 

Hamill,  Patrick. 

Peck,  Erasmut;  D.10 

Arnell,  Samuel  M.              Bethune,  Marion. 

Hamilton.  Charles  W. 

Perce,  Legrand  W. 

Asper,  Joel  F.                      Biggs,  Benjamin  T. 

Harris.  George  E. 

Peters,  John  A. 

Atwood,  David.                   Bingham,  John  A. 

Hawkins,  Isaac  R. 

Phelps,  Darwin. 

Axtell,  Samuel  B.I             Bird,  John  T. 

Hawley,  John  B. 

Platt,  James  H. 

Ayer,  Richard  S.                  Blair,  Austin. 

Hay,  John  B. 

Poland,  Lnke  P. 

Bailey,  Alexander  H.          Boles,  Thomas. 

Hays,  Charles. 

Pomeroy,  Charles. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P.            Booker,  George  W. 

Heflin,  Roberts. 

Porter,  Charles  H. 

Barn  urn,  William  H.          Boutwell,  George  S. 

Heston,  David. 

Potter,  Clarkson  N. 

Barry,  Henry  W.                Bowen,  C.  C. 

Hill,  John. 

Price,  William  H. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Prosser,  William  F.             Sypher,  J.  Hale. 

Ferry,  Thomas  W. 

Pool,  John. 

Rainey,  Joseph  H.ll           Taflfe,  John. 

Flanagan,  James  W. 

Pratt,  Daniel  D. 

Randall,  Samuel  J.              Tanner,  Adolphus  H. 

Frelinghuysen,  F.  T. 

Ramsey,  Alexander. 

Reading,  John  R.                 Taylor,  Caleb  N.  1:2 

Gilbert,  Abijah. 

Ransom,  Mat  W. 

Reeves,  Henry  A.                 Tillman,  Lewis. 

Goldthwaite,  George. 

Rice,  Benjamin  F. 

Rice,  John  M.                       Townsend,  Washington. 

Hamilton,  Morgan  C. 

Robertson,  Thomas  J. 

Ridgway,  Robert.                 Trimble,  Lawrence. 

Hamilton,  William  T. 

Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Rogers,  A.  A.  C.                   Twichell,  Ginery. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal. 

Sawyer,  Fred  A. 

Roots,  Logan  H.                   Tyner,  James  A.  13 

Harlan,  James. 

Schurz,  Carl. 

Sanford,  Stephen.                 Upson,  William  H. 

Hill,  Joshua. 

Scott,  John. 

Sargeant,  Aaron  A.              Van  Auken,  Daniel  M. 

Hitchcock,  Phineas  W. 

Sherman,  John. 

Sawyer,  Philetus.                Van  Horn,  Robert  T. 

Howe,  Timothy  O. 

Spencer,  Georue  E. 

Schenck,  Robert  C.              Van  Trump,  Philadelph. 

Johnson,  John  W. 

Sprague,  William 

Scofield,  Glenni  W.              Van  Wyck,  Charles  H. 

Kelly,  John  K. 

Stevenson,  John  W. 

Schumaker,  John  G.            Voorhees,  Daniel  W.  [ 

Kellogg,  William  P. 

Stewart,  William  M. 

Shanks,  John  P.  C.              Wallace,  Alexander  S. 

Lewis,  John  F. 

Stockton,  John  P. 

Sheldon,  Lionel  A.               Ward,  Hamilton. 

Logan,  John  A. 

Snmner,  Charles. 

Sheldon,  Porter.                   Washburn,  C.  C. 

Machen,  Willis  B.I 

Tipton,  Thomas  \V. 

Sherrod,  William  C.            Washburn,  William  P>. 

Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Trumbull,  Lyman. 

Shober,  Francis  E.               Washburne,  Elihu  B. 

Morrill,  Lot  M. 

Thurman,  Allen  G. 

Slocum,  Henry  W.               Welker,  Martin. 

Morton,  Oliver  P. 

Vickers,  George. 

Smith,  John  A.                     Wells,  Erastus. 

Norwood,  Thomas  M. 

West,  J.  Rodman. 

Smith,  Joseph  S.                  Wheeler,  William  A. 

Nye,  James  W. 

Wilson,  Henry. 

Smith,  William  J.               Whiteley,  Richard  H. 

Osborn,  Thomas  W. 

Windom,  William. 

Smith,  Worthington  C.       Whitmore,  George  W. 

Patterson,  James  W. 

Wright,  George  G. 

Smyth,  William.                  Wilkinson,  Morton  S. 

Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 

Starkweather,  Henry  H.     Willard,  Charles  W. 

1.  Appointed  in  place  of  G.  Davis,  deceased. 

Stevens,  Aaron  T.                Williams,  William. 

Stevenson,  Job  E.                 Wilson,  Eugene  M. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Stiles,  John  D.                     Wilson,  John  T. 

James  G. 

Btaine,  Speaker. 

Stokes.  William  B.               Winans,  James  J. 

Acker,  Ephraim  L. 

Connor,  James  C. 

Stone,  Frederick.                  Winchester,  Boyd. 

Adams,  George  M. 

Cook,  Burton  C. 

Stoughton.  William  L.        Witcher,  John  S. 

Ambler,  Jacob  A. 

Cotton,  Aylett  R. 

Strader,  Peter  W.                 Whittemore,  B.  Frank. 

Ames,  Oakes. 

Cox,  Samuel  S. 

Strickland,  Randolph.         Wood,  Fernando. 

Archer,  Stevenson* 

Crebs,  John  M. 

Strong,  Julius  L.                  Woodward,  George  W. 

Arthur,  William  E. 

Creely,  John  N. 

Swan,  Thomas.                     Young,  P.  M.  B. 

Averill,  John  T. 

Critcher,  John. 

Sweeney,  William  N. 

Banks,  N.  P. 

Crocker.  Alvah.5 

1.  Elected    in    place   of  B.   F.   Hopkins,  resigned. 

Barber,  J.  Allen. 

Grassland,  Edward. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  George  S.  Boutwell,  resigned. 

Barnum,  William  H. 

Darrell,  Chester  B. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  E.    B.  Washburne,   resigned. 

Barry,  Henry  W. 

Daris,  John  J. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  D.  Heaton,  deceased.     5.  Elect 

Beatty,  John. 

Dawes,  Henry  L. 

ed  in  place  of  Robt.  Ridgway,  deceased.     6.  Elected 

Beck,  Erasmus  W.I 

DeLarge,  Robert  C. 

iu    place  of  Noah   Davis,   resigned.     7.  Elected    in 

Beck,  James  B. 

Dickey,  Oliver  J. 

place  of  J.    S.   Golladay,   resigned.     8.  Successfully 

Bell,  Samuel  N. 

Dodds,  Orzo  T.6 

contested  the  election  of  John  Moifet.     9.  Successfully 

Beveridge,  John  L. 

Donan,  William  G. 

contested  the  seat  of  Michael  Ryan.     10.  Elected  in 

Bigby,  John  S. 

Dox,  Peter  M. 

place  of  Truman   Hoag,    deceased.      11.  Elected   in 

Biggs,  Benjamin  T. 

DuBoise,  Dudley  M. 

place   of  B.   F.   Whittemore.     12.  Successfully   con 

Bingham,  John  A. 

Duell,  R.  H. 

tested  the  election  of  John  B.  Reading.     13.  Elected 

Bird,  John  T. 

Duke,  R.  T.  W. 

in  place  of  D.  D.  Pratt,  elected  Senator. 

Blair,  Austin. 

Dunnell,  Mark  H. 

Territorial  Delegates. 
Bradford,  Allen  A.               McCormick,  Robert  C. 
Cavanaugh,  James  M.         Nuckolls,  Stephen  F. 

Blair,  James  G. 
Boarman,  Aleck.2 
Boles,  Thomas.  3 
Braxton,  E.  M. 

Eames,  Benjamin  T. 
Edwards,  John. 
Eldred  Charles  A. 
Elliott,  Robert  B. 

Chaves,  J.  Francisco.           Shafer,  Jacob  K. 
Garnelde,  Selucius.              Spink,  S.  L. 

Bright,  John  M. 
Brooks.  George  M. 

Ely,  Smith,  Jr. 
Esty,  C.  C.7 

Hooper,  William  H. 

Brooks,  James. 

Farnsworth,  John  T. 

THE    FORTY-SECOND    CONGRESS. 

Buckley,  Charles  W. 
BufBngton,  James. 

Farwell,  Charles  B. 
Finkelnburg,  G.  A. 

SENATORS. 

Burchard,  Horatio  C. 

Forker,  Samuel  C. 

Schuyler  Colfit.c,  •  Vice-President. 

Burdett,  Samuel  S. 
Burnell,  Frank  C.4 

Foster,  Charles. 
Foster,  H.  D. 

Alcorn,  James  N.                 Chandler,  Zachariah. 

Butler,  Benjamin  F. 

Foster,  Wilder  D.8 

Ames,  Adelbert.                   Clayton,  Powell. 

Butler,  R.  R. 

Frye,  William  P. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Cole,  Cornelius. 

Caldwell,  Robert  P. 

Garfield,  James  A. 

Bayard,  Thomas  F.              Conkling,  Roscoe. 

Campbell,  Lewis  D. 

Garrett,  Abraham  E. 

Blair,  F.  P.,  Jr.                    Cooper,  Henry. 

Carroll,  John  M. 

Getz,  Lawrence. 

Boreman,  Arthur  I.             Corbett,  Henry  W. 

Clark,  William  T. 

Giddings,  DeWitt  C.9 

Brownlow,  William  G.       Cragin,  Aaron  H. 

Clarke,  Freeman. 

Golladay,  Edward  S. 

Buckingham,  William  A.  Davis,  Garrett. 

Cobb,  Clinton  L. 

Goodrich,  Milo. 

Caldwell,  Alexander.           Davis,  Henry  C. 

Coburn,  John  M. 

Griffith,  Samuel. 

Cameron,  Simon.                  Edmunds,  George  F. 

Coughlan,  John  M. 

Haldeman,  Richard  J. 

Carpenter,  Matt  H.              Fenton,  Reuben  E. 

Comingo,  Abram. 

Hale,  Eugene. 

Casserly,  Eugene.                 Ferry  Orris  F. 

Conger,  Omar  D. 

Halsey,  George  A. 

e 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Hambletou,  Samuel. 
Hancock,  John. 
Hajjdiey,  William  A. 
Hanks,  James. 
Har»OT,  Alfred  C. 
Harper,  James  C. 
Harris,  George  E. 
H»rria,  John  T. 
Havens,  H.  E. 
Hawley,  John  B. 
H»wley,  Joseph  H.lo 
Hay,  John  B. 
Hays,  Charles. 
Hazelton,  Gerry  W. 
Hazelton,  John  W. 
Hereford,  Frank. 
Hernden,  "William  S. 
Hibbard,  E.  A. 
Hill,  John. 
H«nr,  George  F. 
Hoi  man,  William  S. 
Hooper,  Samuel. 
Houghton,  Sherman  <  >. 
Kellogg,  Stephen  W. 
Kelly,  William  D. 
Kendall,  Charles  W. 
Kerr,  Michael  C. 
Ketcham,  John  H. 
Killinger,  John  W. 
King,  Andrew. 
Kinsella,  Thomas. 
Lamison,  Charles  L. 
Lamport,  William  H. 
Lansing,  William  E. 
Leach,  John  M. 
Lewis,  Joseph  H. 
Lowe,  D.  P. 
Lynch.  John. 
Man*<»,  Mahlon  D. 
Marshall,  S.  S. 
Maynard,  Horace. 
McClelland,  William. 
McConnick,  James  R. 
McCrary,  George  W. 
McGrew,  James  C. 
McHenrv,  Henry  D. 
Mclntire,  A.  T. 
McJtmkin,  Ebenezer. 
McKee,  George  C. 
McKinney,  John  F. 
McNeeley,  T.  W. 
Mercer,  Ulysses  S. 
Merriam  Charles  L. 
Merrick,  William  M. 
Mitchell,  Alexander. 
Monroe,  James. 
Moore,  Jesse. 
Morey,  Frank. 
Morphis,  Joseph  L. 
Morgan,  George  W. 
Myers,  Benjamin  T. 
Myers,  Leonard. 
Negley.  James  S. 
Niblack,  Silas  N.ll 
Niblack,  William  E. 
Orr,  Jackson. 
P;*ckard,  Jasper. 
P.icker,  John  B. 
P.klraer,  Frank  W. 
Parker,  Hosea  W 
Parker,  Isaac. 
Peck,  Erasmus  D. 
Pendleton,  Jame-;  M. 
Peiee,  Legrand  W. 
Petty,  Aaron  F. 


Perry,  Eli, 

Wells,  Erastus.                      Williams,  William. 

Peters,  John  A. 

Wheeler,  William  A.          Wilson,  Jeremiah  M. 

Platt,  James  H..  Jr. 

Whiteley,  Richard  H.         Wilson,  John  T. 

Poland,  Luke  P. 

Whitthorn,  W.  C.                Winchester,  Boyd. 

Porter,  Charles  H. 

Willard,  Charles  W.           Wood,  Fernando. 

Potter,  Clarkson  N. 

Williams,  William.             Young,  P.  M.  B. 

Price,  William  P. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  T.  J.  Speer,  deceased.     2. 

Prindle,  Elizur  H. 

Elected  in  place  of  J.  McCleary,  deceased.     3.  Suc 

Rainey,  Joseph  H. 

cessfully   contested   the  election  of  John  Edwards. 

Randall,  Samuel  J. 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  U.   S.   Mercur,  resigned.     5. 

Read,  William  IS. 

Elected  in  place  of  W.    B.  Washburn,  resigned.     6. 

Rice,  Edward  J. 

Elected  in  place  of  A.  F.  Perry,  resigned.    7.  Elected 

Rice,  John  M. 

in  place  ofG.  M.  Brooks,  resigned.     8.  Elected  in 

Ritchie,  John  O. 

place  of  T.  W.   Ferry,  elected   Senator.  9.  Success 

Roberts,  Ellis  H. 

fully  contested  the  election  of  W.   T.    Clark.     10. 

Roberts,  William  R. 

Elected    in   place   of  J.    L.    Strong,    deceased.     11. 

Robinson,  James  C. 

Successfully  contested  the  election  of  J.  T.  Walls. 

Rogers,  John. 
Rogers,  Sion  H. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Roosevelt,  Robert  B. 

Armstrong,  Moses  K.          Garfielde,  Selucius. 

Rusk,  Jeremiah  M. 

Chaffee,  Jerome  B.               Hooper,  William  H. 

Sargeant,  Aaron  A. 

Chipman,  N.  P.                    Jones,  W.  T. 

Sawyer,  Philetus. 

Claggett,  William  H.          McCormick,  R.  C. 

Scofield,  Glenni  W. 

Gallegos,  Jose  M.                  Merritt,  Samuel  H. 

Seeley,  John  E. 

Sessions,  Walter  L. 

THE  FORTY-THIRD  CONGRESS. 

Shanks,  John  P.  C. 

SENATORS. 

Sheldon,  Lionel  A. 
Shellabarger,  Samuel. 

Henry  Wilson,  Vice-President. 

Sherwood,  Henrv. 

Alcorn,  James  L.                 Howe,  Timothy  O. 

Shober,  Francis  E. 

Allison,  William  B.             Ingalls,  John  J. 

Shoemaker,  L.  D. 

Ames,  Adelbert.                   Johnson,  John  W. 

Slater,  James  H. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Jones,  John  V. 

Slocum,  Henry  W. 

Bayard,  Thomas  T.             Kelly,  James  K. 

Sloss,  James  H. 

Bogy,  Lewis  B.                     Lewis,  John  F. 

Smith,  Horace  B. 

Boreman,  Anthony.             Logan,  John  A. 

Smith,  John  A. 

Boutwell,  George  S.I           McCreery,  Thomas  C. 

Smith,  Worthington  C. 

Brownlow.  William  G.        Merrimon,  A.  S. 

Snapp,  Henry. 

Buckingham,  William  A.   Mitchell,  John  H. 

Snyder,  Oliver  P. 

Caldwell,  Alexander.           Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Speer,  R.  Milton. 

Cameron,  Simon.                  Morrill,  Lot  M. 

Speer,  Thomas  J. 

Carpenter.  Matt.  H.             Morton,  Oliver  P. 

Sprague,  William  P. 

Casserly,  Eugene.                 Norwood,  Thomas  M. 

Starkweather,  Henry  1  1  . 

Chandler,  Zachariah.           Oglesby,  Richard  J. 

Stevens,  Bradford  M. 

Clayton.  Powell.                   Patterson,  John  J. 

Stevenson,  Job  C. 

Conkling,  Roscoe.                Pease,  Henry  R.6 

St.  John,  Charles. 

Couover,  Simon  B.               Pratt,  Daniel  D. 

Stover,  John  B. 

Cooper,  Henry.                     Ramsey,  Alexander. 

Stoughton,  William  L. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H.                 Ransom,  Matt.  W. 

Stowell,  W.  H.  H.    ' 

Crozier,  Robert.  2                  Robertson,  Thomas  J. 

Strong,  Julius  L. 

Davis.  Henry  G.                   Sargeant.  Aaron  A. 

Sutherland,  Jabez  G. 

Dennis,  George  R.                 Saulsbnry,  Eli. 

Swann,  Thomas. 

Dorsey,  Stephen  W.            Scott,  John. 

Sypher,  J.  Hale. 

Eaton,  William  W.3           Schurz,  Carl. 

Taffee,  John. 

Edmunds,  George  F.           Sherman,  John. 

Terry,  William. 

Fenton,  Reuben  E.              Spencer,  George  E. 

Thomas,  Charles  R. 

Ferry,  Orris  F.                     Sprague,  William. 

Townsend,  Dwight. 

Ferry,  Thomas  W.               Stevenson,  John  W. 

Townsend,  Washington. 

Flannagan,  James  W.         Stewart,  William  M. 

Tuthill,  Joseph  H. 

Frelinghuyseh,  F.  T.           Stockton,  John  P. 

Turner,  Benjamin  S. 

Gilbert,  Abijah.                   Sumner,  Charles. 

Tyner,  James  N. 

Goldthwaite,  George.          Thurinan,  Allen  G. 

Twichell,  Ginery. 

Gordon,  John  B.                  Tipton,  Thomas  W. 

Upson,  William  H. 

Hager,  John  S.4                   Wadleigh,  Bainbridge. 

Van  Trump,  Philadelph. 

Hamilton,  Morgan  C.          Washburn,  William  B.7 

Vaughn,  William  W. 

Hamilton,  William  F.         West,  J.  Rodman. 

Vorhees,  Daniel  W. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.              Windom,  William. 

Waddell,  Alfred  M. 

Harvey,  James.  5                  Wright,  George  G. 

Wakeman,  Seth. 

Hitchcock,  Phiueas  W. 

Walden,  Madison  M. 

1.  Elected  in  place   of   Henry  Wilson,   resigned. 

Waldron,  Henry. 

2.  Appointed  in   place  of  Alexander  Caldwell,    re 

Wallace,  Alexander  S. 

signed.     3.  Appointed  in   place  of  W.  A.  Bucking 

Walls,  Josiah  T. 

ham,  deceased.     4.  Elected  in  place  of  Eugene  Cas 

Warren,  Joseph  M. 

serly,  resigned.     5.  Elected   in  place  of  Alexander 

W'ashburn,  William  B. 

Caldwell,  resigned.     6.  Elected  in  place  of  A.delbert 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixvil 


Ames,  resigned.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  Charles  Sum- 
ner,  deceased. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 


James  G. 

Adams,  George  M. 
Albert,  William  J. 
Albright,  Charles. 
Archer.  Stevenson. 
Arthur,  William  E. 
Ashe,  Thomas  S. 
Atkins,  John  D.  C. 
Averill,  John  T. 
Banning,  Henry  B. 
Barber,  J.  Allen. 
Barrere,  Granville. 
Barnum,  William  H. 
Barry,  Henry  W. 
Bass,  Lyman  K. 
Beck,  James  B. 
Begole,  Josiah  W. 
Bell,  Hiram  P. 
Berry,  John. 
Biery,  James  S. 
I'.land,  Richard  P. 
Biount,  James  H. 
Bowen,  Reese  T. 
Bradley,  Nathaniel  B. 
Bright,  John  M. 
Bi'omberg,  Fred.  G. 
Brown,  John  Y. 
J'.uekner,  Aylett  K. 
Buflington,  James. 
Bui-chard,  Horatio  C. 
Bu.-leigh,  John  H. 
Bund}r,  Hezekiah  S. 
Burrows,  Julius  C. 
Butler,  Benjamin  F. 
Butler,  R.  R. 
Cain,  Richard  H. 
('aid well,  John  H. 
Cannon.  Joseph  G. 
( 'nrpenter,  Lewis  G.  1 
Cason,  Thomas  J. 
Caulfield,  Bernard  G.2 
Cessna,  John. 
ChitteudeiJ,  Simeon  B.3 
Clark.  Ames,  Jr. 
Clark,  Freeman. 
Clark,  John  B.,  Jr. 
Clayton,  Charles. 
Clements,  Isaac. 
Clymer,  Heister. 
Cobb,  Clinton  L. 
Cobb,  Stephen  A. 
(  oburn,  John. 
Comingo,  Abram. 
Conger,  Omar  D. 
Cook,  Philip. 
Corwin,  Franklin. 
Cotton,  Aylett  R. 
Cox,  Samuel  S. 
Creamer,  Thomas  J. 
Crittenden,  Thomas  T. 
Crocker,  Alvah. 
Crooke,  Philip  S. 
Grassland,  Edward. 
Crownse,  Lorenzo. 
Crutchfield,  William. 
Curtis,  Carleton  B. 
Dauford,  Lorenzo. 
Darrell,  Chester  B. 
Davis,  Alexander  M. 
Davis,  John  J. 
Dawes,  Henry  T,. 


Blaitie,  Speaker. 

De  Witt,  David  M. 
Dobbins,  Samuel  A. 
Donuan,  William  G. 
Duell,  R.  Holland. 
Dtmnell,  Mark  H. 
Durham,  Milton  J. 
Eanies,  Benjamin  T. 
Eden,  John  R. 
Eldridge,  Charles  R. 
Elliott,  Robert  D. 
Farwell,  Charles  B. 
Field,  Moses  W. 
Finck,  William  E.4 
Fort.  Greenburg  L. 
Foster,  Charles. 
Freeman,  James  C. 
Frj-e,  William  P. 
Garfield,  James  A. 
Giddings,  De  Witt  C. 
Glover,  John  M. 
Gooch,  Daniel  W. 
Gunckel,  Lewis  B. 
Guuter,  Thomas  M.5 
Hagans,  John  M. 
Hale,  Eugene. 
Hale,  Robert  S. 
Hamilton.  Robert. 
Hancock.  John. 
Harmer,  Alfred  C. 
Harris,  Benjamin  W. 
Harris.  Henry  R. 
Harris,  John  T. 
Harrison.  Horace  H. 
Hatcher,  Robert  A. 
Hathorn,  H.  H. 
Havens,  Harrison  E. 
Hawley,  Johi,  B. 
Hawley,  Joseph  R. 
Hays,  Charles. 
Hazeltou,  Gerry  W. 
Hazel  ton,  John  W. 
Hereford,  Frank. 
Hendee,  John  W. 
Herndon.  William  S. 
Hersey,  Samuel  F. 
Hoar,  E.  Kockwood. 
Hoar,  George  F. 
Hodges.  Asa. 
Hoi  man.  William  S. 
Hooper,  Samuel. 
Hoskins.  George  C. 
Houghton.  Sherman  D. 
Howe,  Albert  R. 
Hubbell,  Jay  A. 
Hunter,  Morton  C. 
Hurlbut,  Stephen  A. 
Hutton,  Eppa. 
Hyde,  Ira  B. 
Hynes,  William  J. 
Jewett,  Hugh  J. 
Kasson,  John  A. 
Kelly,  William  D. 
Kellogg,  Stephen  W. 
Kendall,  Charles  W. 
Killinger,  John  W. 
Knapp,  Robert  M. 
Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. 
Lamport,  William   H. 
Lamison,  Charles  N. 
Lansing.  William  E. 


Lawrence,  William. 

Lawson,  John  D. 

Leach,  James  M. 

Lewis,  Barbour. 

Lofland.  James  R. 
_  Loughridge.  William, 
j  Lowe,  D.  P. 
|  Lowndes.  Lloyd,  Jr. 

Luttrell,  John  K. 

Lynch,  John  R. 

Magee,  John  A. 

Marshall,  S.  S. 

Martin,  James  S. 

Maynard,  Horace. 

McCrary,  George  W. 

McDill,  Alexander  S. 

McDill,  James  W. 

McDougall,  Clinton  IX 

McJunkin,  Ebenezer. 

McKee,  George  C. 

McLean,  William  1'. 

McNulty,  John. 

Mellish,  David  B. 

Merriam,  Clinton  L. 

Milliken,  Charles  W. 

Mills,  Roger  Q. 

Mitchell,  Alexander. 

Monroe.  James. 

Moore,  William  S. 

Morey,  Frank. 

Morrison,  William  R. 

Myers  Leonard. 

Neal,  Lawrence  T. 

Negley,  James  S. 

Nesmith.  James  W. 

Xiblack,  William  E. 

Niles,  Jason. 

Nunn,  David  A. 

O'Brien,  William  J. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

Orr,  Jackson. 

Orth,  Godlove  S. 

Packer,  John  B. 

Packard,  Jasper. 

Page,  Horace  F. 

Parker,  Hosea  W. 

Parker,  Isaac  C. 

Parsons,  Richard  C. 

Pelham,  Charles. 

Pendleton,  James  M. 

Perry,  Eli. 

Phelps,  William  W. 

Phillips,  William  A. 

Pierce,  Henry  L. 

Pike.  Austin  F. 

Platt,  James  H..  Jr. 

Platt,  Thomas  C. 

Poland,  Luke  P. 

Potter,  Clarkson  N. 

Pratt,  Henry  O. 

Purman,  William  J. 

Rainey,  Joseph  H. 

Randall,  Samuel  J. 

Ransier,  Alonzo  J. 

Rapier,  James  T. 

Rawles,  Morgan. 

Ray,  William  H. . 

Reed,  William  B. 

Rice,  John  B. 

Richmond,  H.  L. 

Robbins,  William  M. 

Roberts,  Ellis  H. 

Roberts,  William  R. 

Robinson,  James  C. 

Robinson,  James  W. 


Ross,  Sobeiski. 
Rusk,  Jeremiah  M. 
Sawyer,  Philetus. 
Sayler,  Henry  B. 
Sayler,  Milton. 
Schell,  Richard. (> 
Schumaker,  John  G. 
Scofield,  Glenni  W. 
Scudder,  Henry  L. 
Scudder,  Isaac  W. 
Sener,  James  B. 
Session,  Walter  L. 
Shanks,  John  P.  C. 
Sheats,  Chris.  C. 
Sheridan,  George  A. 
Sherwood,  Isaac. 
Sheldon,  Lionel  A. 
Shoemaker,  L   D. 
Sloan,  Andrew. 7 
Small,  William  B. 
Smart,  James  S. 
Smith,  A.  Herr. 
Smith,  George  L. 
Smith,  H.  Boardman. 
Smith,  J.  Ambler. 
Smith,  John  Q. 
Smith,  William. 
Snydor.  Oliver  P. 
Southard,  Milton. 
Speer,  R.  Milton. 
Sprague,  William  P. 
Stanard,  Edwin  O. 
Standiford,  Elisha  D. 
Starkweather,  H.  H. 
Stephens,  A.  H. 
Stephens,  Charles  A.8 
St.  John,  Charles. 
Stone,  William  H. 
Storm.  John  B. 
Stowell.  William  H.  H. 
Strait,  Horace  B. 
Strawbridge,  J.  D. 
Swann,  Thomas. 
Svpher,  J.  Hale. 
Taylor,  Alexander  W. 
Thomas,  Charles  R. 
Thomas,  Chris.  Y.9 
Thompson.  John  M.10 
Thornbergh.  Jacob  M. 
Todd,  Lemuel. 
Townsend,  Washington. 
Tremaine,  Lyman. 
Tyner,  James  N. 
Vance.  Robert  V. 
Waddell,  Alfred  M. 
Waldron,  Henry. 
Wallace.  Alexander  S. 
Walls,  Josiah  T. 
Ward,  Jasper  D. 
Ward,  Marcus  L. 
Wells,  Erastus. 
Wheeler,  William  A. 
White,  Alexander. 
Whiteliead,  Thomas. 
Whitehouse,  John  O. 
Whiteley,  Richard  H. 
Whitthorn,  W.  C. 
Wilber,  David. 
Willard,  Charles  W. 
Willard,  George. 
Willie,  Asa  H. 
Williams,  Charles  G. 
Williams,  John  M.  S. 
Williams,  William. 
Williams,  William  B  11 


Ixviii 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Wilson,  Ephraim  K.            Wood,  Fernando. 

Ainsworth.  L.  L. 

Ellis,  E.  J. 

Wilson,  James.                     Woodford,  Stewart  L. 

Anderson.  W.  B. 

Ely,  Smith,  Jr. 

Wilson,  Jeremiah  M.          Wood  worth,  L.  D. 

Ashe,  T.  S. 

Evans,  J.  L. 

Wiltshire,  William  W.       Young,  John  D. 

Atkins,  J.  D.  C. 

Farwell,  C.  B. 

Wolfe,  Simon  K.                  Young,  P.  M.  B. 

Bagby,  J.  C. 

Faulkner,  C.  J. 

1.  Elected   in   place    of   R.    B.    Elliott,    resigned. 
2.  Elected    in    place    of   John    B.    Rice,    deceased. 

Bagley,  George  A. 
Bagley,  J.  H.,  Jr. 

Felton,  W.  H. 
Field,  David  Dudley.  4 

3.  Elected   in  place  of  S.    L.    Woodford,    resigned. 

Baker,  J.  H. 

Finley,  Jesse  J.5 

4.  Elected  in  place  of  II.  J.  Jewett,  resigned.     5.  Sue 
cessfully  contested  the  election  of  W.  W.  Wiltshire. 
<>.  Elected  in   place  of  D.  B.  Mellish,  deceased.     7. 

Baker,  W.  H. 
Ballon,  L.  W. 
Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 

Flye,  Edwin.  6 
Forney,  W.  H. 
Fort,  G.  L. 

Successfully   contested   the   election   of  M.   Rawles. 

Barnnm.  W.  H. 

Foster,  Charles. 

8.  Elected    in    place    of   Alvah    Crocker,   deceased. 

Banning,  H.  B. 

Franklin,  B.  J. 

9.  Successfully  contested  the  election  of  A.  M.  Davis. 

Bass,  L.  K. 

Freeman,  Chapman. 

10.  Elected  in   place  of  Eli  Junkin,  resigned.     11. 

Beebe,  G.  M. 

Frost,  R.  S. 

Elected  in  place  of  W.  D.  Foster,  deceased. 

Belford,  James  B. 

13-1  »      c<       XT 

Frye,  W.  P. 
1^-1-1  n  <a**   ~P   c 

Territorial  Delegates. 

rSeil,  ft.    IN. 

Blaine,  James  G. 

runer,  r>.  n. 
Gause,  L.  C. 

Armstrong,  Moses  K.          Hailey,  John. 

Blair,  H.  W. 

Garlield,  Jame..;  A. 

Cannon,  Georgo  Q.               Maginnis,  Martin. 

Blackburn.  J.  C.  S. 

Gibson,  R.  L. 

Chaffee,  Jerome  B.               McCormick,  R.  C. 

Bland,  R.  P. 

Glover,  J.  M. 

Chipman,  N.  P.                   McFadden,  O.  B. 

Bliss,  A.  M. 

Goode,  John,  Jr. 

Elkins,  Stephen  B.              Steele,  William  R. 

Blount,  J.  H. 

Goodin,  J.  R. 

THE  FORTY-FOURTH  CONGRESS. 

Boone,  A.  R. 
Bradford,  Taul. 

Gunter,  T.  M. 
Hale,  Eugene. 

SENATORS. 

Bradley,  N.  B. 

Hamilton,  A.  H. 

T.  W.  Ferry,  President,  pro  tern. 

Bright,  J.  M. 

Hamilton,  Robert. 

Alcorn,  James  L.                Ingalls,  John  T. 

Brown,  J.  Y. 

Hancock,  John. 

Allison,  William  B.             Johnson,  John  W. 

Brown,  W.  R. 

Haralson,  Jere. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Jones,  Charles  W. 

Buckner,  A.  H. 

Hardenberg,  A.  A. 

Bailey,  James  E.I               Jones,  John  P. 

Burchard.  H.  C. 

Harris,  B.  W. 

Barnum,  William  H.2        Kelly,  James  K. 

Burchard,  S.  D. 

Harris,  H.  R. 

Bayard,  Thomas  F.              Kernan,  Francis. 

Burleigh,  J.  H. 

Harris,  J.  T. 

Elaine,  James  G.3               Key,  David  M. 

Buttz,  Charles  W.2 

Harrison,  C.  H. 

Bogy,  Lewis  V.                   Logan,  John  A. 

Cabell,  G.  C. 

Hartridge,  Julian. 

Booth,  Newton.                   McCreery,  Thomas  f. 

Caldwell.  J.  H. 

Hartzell,  William. 

Boutwell,  George  S.             McDonald.  Joseph  E. 

Caldwell,  W.  P. 

Hatcher,  R.  A. 

Bruce,  Blanche  K.               McMillan,  Samuel  J.  R. 

Campbell,  Alex. 

Hathorn,  H.  H. 

Burnside,  Ambrose  E.         Maxey,  Samuel  B. 

Candler,  M.  A. 

Haymond,  W.  S. 

Cameron,  Angus.                 Merrimon,  A.  S. 

Cannon,  J.  G. 

Hays,  Charles. 

Cameron,  Simon.                  Mitchell,  John  J. 

Carr,  Nathan  T.3 

Hendee.  G.  W. 

Chaftee,  Jerome  B.               Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Cason,  T.  J. 

Henkle,  E.  J. 

Caperton,  Allen  T.              Morrill,  Lot  M. 

Caswell,  L.  L. 

'  Henderson,  T.  J. 

Christiancy,  Isaac  P.           Morton,  Oliver  P. 

Cate,  G.  W. 

Hereford,  F'ran':. 

Clayton,  Powell.                  Norwood,  Thomas  M. 

Caulrield,  B.  G. 

Hewitt,  A.  S. 

Cockrell,  Francis  M.           Oglesby,  Richard  B. 

Chittenden.  S.  B. 

Hewitt,  G.  W. 

Conkling,  Roscoe.                Paddock,  Algernon  S. 

Chapin,  C.  W. 

Hill,  Benjamin  II. 

Conover,  Simon  B.               Patterson,  John  J. 

Clark,  J.  B..  Jr. 

Hoar,  G.  F. 

Cooper,Henry.                     Randolph.  Theodore  F. 

Clarke,  J.  B. 

Hoge,  S.  L. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H.                Ransom,  Matt  W. 

Clymer,  Heister. 

Holman,  W.  S. 

Davis,  Henry  G.                  Robertson,  Thomas  J. 

Cochrane,  A.  G. 

Hooker,  Charles  E. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                Sargent,  Aaron  A. 

Collins,  F.  D. 

Hopkins,  J.  H. 

Dennis,  George  R.               Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Conger,  O.  D. 

Hoskins,  G.  G. 

Dorsey,  Stephen  W.            Sharon,  William. 

Cook,  Philip. 

House,  J.  F. 

Eaton,  William  W.              Sherman,  John. 

Cowan,  J.  P. 

Hubbell,  J.  A. 

Edmunds,  George  F.           Spencer,  George  E. 

Cox,  S.  S. 

Humphreys,  Andrew.  7 

English,  James  E.               Stevenson,  John  W. 

Crapo,  William  W. 

Hunter,  M.  C. 

Frelinghuysen,  F.  T.           Teller,  Henry  M. 

Crounse,  Lorenzo. 

Tlunton,  Eppa. 

Goldthwaite,  George.          TIYurman,  Allen  G. 

Culbertson,  I).  B. 

Kurd,  F.  H. 

Gordon,  John  B.                  Wadleigh,  Brainbridge. 

Cutler,  A.  W. 

Hurlbut,  S.  A. 

Hamilton,  Morgr.n  C.         Wallace,  William  A. 

Dan  ford.  Lorenzo. 

Hyman,  J.  A. 

Hamlin,  Hannili  1.              West,  J.  R. 

Darrall,  Chester  B. 

Jenks,  G.  A. 

Harvey,  James  M.               Whyte.  William  Pinkuey. 

Davis,  Joseph  J. 

Jones,  Frank. 

Hereford,  Frank.  4               Windom,  William. 

Davis,  John  M. 

Jones,  T.  L. 

Hitchcock.  Phineas  W.       Withers,  Robert  E. 

DeBolt,  R.  A. 

Joyce,  C.  H. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.              Wright,  George  G. 

Denison,  D.  C. 

Kasson,  J.  A. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  Andrew  Johnson,  deceased. 

Dibrell.  G.  G. 

Kehr,  E.  C. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  Orris  S.   Ferry,   deceased.     3. 

Dobbins,  S.  A. 

Kelly,  William  D. 

Elected   in   place  of  Lot  M.  Morrill,  resigned.     4. 

Douglass,  B.  B. 

Ketcham,  W.  \V. 

Elected  in  place  of  Allen  T.  Caperton,  deceased. 

Dunnell,  M.  H. 

Kimball,  A.  M. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Durand,  G.  H. 

King,  W.  S. 

Michael  C.  Kerr,  Speaker,  First  Session. 
Samuel  J.  Randall,  Speaker  Second  Session. 
Abbott,  Josiah  G.I             Adams,  C.  H. 

Durham,  M.  J. 
Eames,  B.  T. 
Eden,  J.  R. 
Egbert,  A.  G. 

Knott,  J.  P. 
Lamar,  Lucius  Q.  C. 
Landers,  Franklin. 
Landers,  G.  M. 

TA  KULAK     RECORDS. 


Ixix 


Lane,  Lafayette. 
Lapham,  E.  G. 
Lawrence,  William. 
Leaven  worth,  E.  W. 
Lemoyne,  J.  V.8 
Levy,  W.  M. 
Lewis,  B.  B. 
Luttrell,  John  K. 
Lord,  Scott. 
Lynch,  John  R. 
Lynde,  W.  P. 
Mackey,  E.  W.  M. 
Mackey,  L.  A. 
Maroon,  H.  S. 
Maish,  Levi. 
MacDougall.  C.  D. 

Seelye,  J.  H. 
Sheakley,  James. 
Singleton,  Otho  R. 
Sinnickson,  C.  H. 
Siemens,  W.  F. 
Smalls,  Robert, 
Smith,  A.  H. 
Smith,  W.  E. 
Southard,  M.  I. 
Sparks,  W.  A.  J. 
Springer,  W.  M. 
Spencer,  William  B. 
Strait,  Horace  B. 
Stanton,  Williani  H.lo 
Starkweather,  H.  H. 
Stenger,  W.  S. 

Yeates,  J.  J.                        Young,  H.  C. 
1.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  ofRufusS.  Frost. 
Successfully   contested    the   seat  of    E.  W.    M. 
Mackey.     3.    Elected   in   place  of  M.  C.    Kerr,    de 
ceased.     4.    Elected  in   place  of    Smith    Ely,    Jr., 
:  resigned.     5.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  J.  T. 
Walls.     6.  Elected    in    place  of   James  G.    Blaine, 
resigned.     7.  Elected  in  place  of  James  D.  Williams, 
resigned.      8.    Successfully    contested    the    seat   of 
Charles  B.   Farwell.     !).     Elected  in  place  of  S.  M. 
Fitey,   deceased.     10.   Elected   in  place    of  W.    W. 
Ketch  urn,  resigned.     11.   Elected  in  place  of  H.  H. 
Starkweather,  deceased.     1-2.  Elected  in  place  of  W. 
H.  Barnum,  resigned.     13.  Elected  in  place  of  E.  Y. 
Parsons,  deceased. 

McCrary,  G.  \\'. 

Stephens,  A.  H. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

McDill,  J.  W. 

Stevenson,  A.  E. 

Bennett,  Thomas  W.           Kidder,  Jefferson  P. 

McFarland.  Wiiliar.i. 

Stone,  W.  H. 

(  'annon,  George  Q.               Maginnis,  Martin. 

McMahon,  J.  A. 

Stowell,  W.  H.  H. 

Elkins,  Stephen  B.              Patterson,  Thomas  M. 

Mead,  E.  R. 

Swann,  Thomas. 

Fenn,  Stephen  S.I               Steele,  William  R. 

Metcalfe,  H.  B. 

Tarbox,  J.  K. 

Jacobs,  Orange.                    Stevens,  Hiram  S. 

Miller,  S.  F. 
Milliken,  C.  W. 

Teese.  F.  H. 
Terry,  William. 

1.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  T.  W.  Bennett. 

Mills,  R.  Q. 

Thomas,  P.  F. 

THE  FORTY-FIFTH  CONGRESS. 

Money,  Hernando  ~\ 

Thompson,  C.  P. 

SENATORS. 

Monroe,  James. 
Morey,  Frank. 

Thorn  burgh,  J.  M. 
Throckmorton,  J.  W. 

William  A.   Wheeler,  Vice-President. 

Morrison,  W.  R. 

Townsend,  M.  I. 

Allison,  William  B.             Johnston,  John  W. 

Morgan,  C.  H. 

Townsend,  Washington 

Anthony,  Henry  B.              Jones,  Charles  W. 

Mutchler,  William. 

Tucker,  J.  Randolph. 

Armstrong,  D.  H.                Jones,  John  P. 

Nash,  C.  E. 

Tults,  J.  Q. 

Bailey,  James  E.                  Kellogg,  William  P. 

Neal,  L.  T. 

Turney,  Jacob. 

Barnum,  William  H.           Kernan,  Francis. 

New,  J.  D. 

Van  Voorhes,  N.  H. 

Bayard,  Thomas  F.              Kirkwood,  S.  J. 

Norton,  Nelson  I. 

Vance,  J.  L. 

Beck,  James  B.                     Lamar,  L.  Q.  C.             . 

O'Brien,  W.  J. 

Vance,  R.  B. 

Blaine,  James  (,.                 Matthews,  Stanley. 

Odell,  N.  H. 

Waddell,  A.  M. 

Booth,  Newton.                    Maxey,  Samuel  B. 

Oliver,  Addison. 

Wait,  John  T.ll 

Bruce,  Blanche  K.                McCreery,  Thomas  (  '. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

Waldron,  Henry. 

Burnside.  Ambrose  E.         McDonald,  Joseph  K. 

Packer,  J.  B. 

Walker,  C.  C.  B. 

Butler,  M.  C.                        McMillan,  Samuel  J.  R. 

Page,  Horace  J. 

Walker,  G.  C. 

Cameron,  Angus.                  McPherson,  J.  R. 

Parsons,  E.  Y. 

Wallace,  A.  S. 

Cameron,  J.  I).                     Merrimqn,  A.  S. 

Payne,  H.  B. 

Wallace,  J.   W. 

Chaffee,  Jerome  B.               Mitchell,  John  H. 

Phelps,  James. 

Walling,  A.  T. 

Christiancy,  Isaac  P.           Morgan,  J.  T. 

Phillips,  J.  F. 

Walls,  J.  T. 

Cockrell,  Francis  M.           Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Phillips,  W.  A. 

Walsh,  William. 

C'oke,  Richard.                     Morton,  Oliver  P. 

Piper,  William  A. 

Ward,  Elijah. 

Conkling,  Roscoe.                Oglesby,  Richard  J. 

Pierce,  Henry  L. 

Warren,  W.  W. 

Conover,  Simon  B.               Paddock,  Algernon  S. 

Plaisted,  Harris  M. 

Warner,  Levi.  12 

Davis,  David.                        Patterson,  John  J. 

Platt,  T.  C. 

Watterson,  Henry.  13 

Davis,  Henry  G.                   Plumb,  P.  B. 

Poppleton,  E.  F. 

Wells,  Erastns. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                  Randolph,  Theodore  F. 

Potter,  Allen. 

Wells,  G.  Wiley. 

Dennis,  George  R.                Ransom,  Matt  W. 

Powell,  Joseph. 

Wheeler,  W.  A. 

Dorsey,  Stephen  W.            Rollins,  E.  H. 

Pratt,  H.  O. 

White,  J.  D. 

Eaton,  William  W.             Sargeant,  Aaron  A. 

Purman,  W.  J. 

Whitehouse,  J.  O. 

Edmunds,  George  F.           Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Rainey,  J.  H. 

Whiting.  R.  H. 

Eustis,  James  B.                  Saunders,  A. 

Rea,  David. 

Whitthorne,  W.  C. 

Ferry,  Thomas  W.                Sharon,  William. 

Reagan,  J.  H. 

Wigginton,  Peter  D. 

Garland,  A.  H.                    Shields,  James.l 

Reilly,  John. 

Wike,  Scott. 

Gordon,  John  B.                  Spencer,  George  E. 

Reilly,  J.  B. 

Willard,  George. 

Grbver,  L.  F.                        Teller,  Henry  M. 

Rice,  A.  V. 

Williams,  Andrew. 

Hamlin,  Hannibal.              Thurman,  Allen  G. 

Riddle,  Hay  wood  Y.9 

Williams,  A.  S. 

Harris,  I.  G.                           Wadleigh,  Bainbridgo. 

Robbins,  John. 

Williams,  C.  G. 

Hereford,  Frank.                  Wallace,  William  A^ 

Robbins,  W.  M. 

Williams,  James. 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.                Whyte,  W.  Pinckney. 

Roberts,  C.  B. 

Williams,  J.  D. 

Hoar,  George  F.                   Windom,  William. 

Kobiuson,  M.  S. 

Williams,  J.  N. 

Howe,  Timothy  O.               Withers,  Robert  E. 

Ross,  Miles. 

Williams,  W.  B. 

In  galls,  John  J. 

Ross,  Sebieski. 

Willis,  B.  A. 

1  .  Appointed  in  place  of  D.  H.  Armstrong,  deceased. 

Rusk,  J.  M. 
Sampson,  E.  S. 

Wilshire,  W.  W. 
Wilson,  Benjamin. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Savage,  J.  S. 

Wilson,  James. 

Samuel  J.  Randall,  Spcaki  r. 

Sayler,  Milton. 

Wood,  Allan,  Jr. 

Acklen,  J.  H.I                     Bacon,  William  J. 

Scales,  A.  M. 

Wood,  Fernando. 

Aiken,  D.  Wyatt.                Baglev,  George  A. 

Schleicher,  Gustave. 

Woodburn,  William. 

Aldrich,  William.                Bailev,  J.  M.2 

Schumaker,  J.  G. 

Woodworth,  L.  D. 

Atkins,  John  D.  C.              Baker,  John  H. 

Ixx 


TABULAR    KE  CORDS. 


Baker,  William  H. 

Dunnell,  Mark  H. 

Ballou,  Latimer  W. 

Durham,  Milton  J. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 

Dwight,  Jeremiah  W. 

Banning,  Henry  B. 

Fames,  Benjamin  T. 

Bayne,  Thomas  M. 

Eden,  John  R. 

Beebe,  George  M. 

Eickhoff,  Anthony. 

Bell,  Hiram  P. 

Elam,  J.  B. 

Benedict,  Charles  B. 

Ellis,  E.  John. 

Bicknell,  George  A. 

Ellsworth,  Charles  C. 

Bisbee,  Horatio,  Jr. 

Errett,  Russell. 

Blackburn,  Joseph  C.  S. 

Evans,  I.  Newton. 

Blair,  Henry  W. 

Evans.  James  L. 

Bland,  Richard  P. 

Evins,  John  H. 

Bliss,  Archibald  M. 

Ewing,  Thomas. 

Blount,  James  H. 

Felton,  William  H. 

Boone,  Andrew  R. 

Field,  Walbrid-e.  A. 

Bouck,  Gabriel. 

Finley,  Ebene:.iv  B. 

Boyd,  Thomas  A. 

Finley.  John  J.4 

Bragg,  Edward  S. 

Forney,  William  H. 

Brentano,  Lorenzo. 

Fort,  Greenbury  L. 

Brewer,  Mark  S. 

Foster,  Charles. 

Bridges,  Samuel  A. 

Franklin,  Benjamin  J. 

Briggs,  James  F. 

Freeman,  Chapman. 

Bright,  John  M. 

Frye,  William  P. 

Brogden,  Curtis  H. 

Fuller,  Benoni  S. 

Browne,  Thomas  M. 

Gardner,  Mills. 

Buckner,  Aylett  H. 

Garfield,  James  A. 

Bundy,  Solomon. 

Garth,  William  W. 

Burchard,  Horatio  C. 

Gause,  Lucien  C. 

Burdick,  Theodore  W. 

Gibson,  Randall  L. 

Butler,  Benjamin  F. 

Giddings,  D.  C. 

Cabell,  George  C. 

Glover,  John  M. 

Cain,  Richard  H. 

Goode,  John. 

Caldwell,  John  W. 

Gunter,  Thomas  M. 

Caldwell,  William  P. 

Hale,  Eugene. 

Calkins,  William  11. 

Hamilton,  Andrew  H. 

Camp,  John  H. 

Hanna,  John. 

Campbell,  Jacob  M. 

Hardenbergh,  A.  A. 

Candler,  Milton  A. 

Harmer,  Alfred  C. 

Cannon,  Joseph  G. 

Harris,  Benjamin  W. 

Carlisle,  John  G. 

Harris,  Henry   R. 

Caswell,  Lucien  B. 

Harris,  JohnT. 

Chalmers,  J.  R. 

Harrison,  Carter  H. 

Chittenden,  Simeon  B. 

Hart,  E.  Kirke. 

Claflin,  William. 

Hartridge,  Julian. 

Clark,  Alvah  A. 

Hartzell,  William. 

Clark,  John  B..  Jr. 

Haskell,  Dudley  C. 

Clark,  Rush. 

Hatcher,  Robert  A. 

Clarke  John  B. 

Hayes,  Philip  C. 

Clymer,  Heister. 

Hazelton,  George  C. 

Cobb,  Thomas  R. 

Hendee,  George  \V. 

Cole,  Nathan. 

Henderson,  Thomas  J. 

Collins,  Francis  D. 

Henkle,  Eli  .1. 

Conger,  Omar  D. 

Henry,  Daniel  M. 

Cook,  Philip. 

Herbert,  Hilary  A. 

Covert,  James  W. 

Hewitt,  Abram  S. 

Cox,  Jacob  D. 

Hewitt,  Goldsmith  W. 

Cox,  Samuel  S. 

Hiscock,  Frank. 

Crapo,  William  W. 

Hooker,  Charles  (). 

Cravens,  Jordan  E. 

House,  John  F. 

Crittenden,  Thomas  T. 

Hubbell,  Jay  A. 

Culberson,  David  B. 

Humphrey,  H.  L. 

Cummings,  Henry  J.  M. 

Hungerford,  John  N. 

Cutler,  Augustus  W. 

Hunter,  Morton  C. 

lianford,  Lorenzo. 

Hun  ton,  Eppa. 

Darrall,  Chester  B. 

Ittner,  Anthony. 

Davis,  Horace. 

James,  Amaziah  B. 

Davis,  Joseph  J. 

Jones,  Frank. 

Davidson,  Robert!!.  M. 

Jones,  James  Taylor. 

Dean,  Benjamiu.3 

Jones,  John  S. 

Deering,  Nathaniel  C. 

Jorgensen,  Joseph. 

Denison,  Dudley  C. 

Joyce,  Charles  1  1. 

Dibrell,  George  G. 

Keifer,  J.  Warren. 

Dickey,  H.  L. 

Keightlev.  Edwin  W. 

Douglass.  Bever'.v  B. 

Kelly.  William  D. 

Kenna,  John  E. 

Robinson,  Milton  S. 

Ketcham,  John  H. 

Ross,  Miles. 

Killinger,  John  W. 

Ryan,  Thomas. 

Kimmell,  William. 

Sampson,  Ezekiel  S. 

Knapp,  Robert  M. 

Sapp,  Willian   "*. 

Knott,  J.  Proctor. 

Sayler,  Milton. 

Landers,  George  M. 

Scales,  Alfred  M. 

Lapham,  Elbridge  G. 

Schleicher,  Gustave. 

Lathrop,  William. 

Sexton,  Leonidas. 

Leonard,  J.  E. 

Shallenberger,  William  S. 

Ljgon,  Robert  F. 

Shelley,  Charles  M. 

Lindsey,  Stephen  D. 

Singleton,  Otho  R. 

Lcckwood,  Daniel  N. 

Sinnickson,  Clement  H. 

Loring,  George  B. 

Siemens,  William  F. 

Luttrell,  John  K. 

Smalls,  Robert. 

Lynde,  William  Pitt. 

Smith,  A.  Herr. 

Mackey,  L.  A. 

Smith,  William  E. 

Maish.  Levi. 

Southard,  Milton  I. 

Manning,  Van  H. 

Sparks,  William  A.  J. 

Marsh,  Benjamin  F. 

Springer,  WTilliam  M. 

Martin,  Benjamin  F. 

Starin,  John  H. 

Mayham,  Stephen  L. 

Steele,  Walter  L. 

McCook,  ABSOII  G. 

Stenger,  William  S. 

McGowan,  J.  H. 

Stephens,  A.  H. 

McKenzie,  James  A. 

Stewart,  J.  H. 

McKinley,  William.  Jr. 

Stone,  John  W. 

MoMahon,  John  A. 

Stone,  Joseph  C. 

Metcalfe,  Lyne  S. 

Strait,  Horace  B. 

Mills,  Roger  Q. 

Swann,  Thomas. 

Mitchell.  John  I. 

Thompson,  John  M. 

Money,  Ilcrnando  D. 

Thornbnrgh,  Jacob  M. 

Monroe,  James. 

Throckrnorton,  Jarne^  \V 

Morgan,  Charles  H. 

Tipton,  Thomas  F. 

Morrison,  William  R. 

Townsend.  Amos. 

Morse,  Leopold. 

Townsend,  Martin  I. 

Muldrow,  H.  L. 

Townshend,  Richard  W. 

Mnller,  Nicholas. 

Tucker,  John  R. 

Neal,  Henry  S. 

Turner,  Thomas. 

Norcross,  Amasa. 

Turney,  Jacob. 

Oliver,  Addison. 

Vance,  Robert  V. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

Van  Voorhes,  Nelson  H. 

Overton,  Edward.  Jr. 

Veeder,  William  I). 

Pacheco,  Romualdo. 

Waddell,  Alfred  M. 

Page,  H.  F. 

Wait,  John  T. 

Patterson.  George  W. 

Walker,  Gilbert  C. 

Patterson.-  Thomas  M.5 

Walsh,  William. 

Peddie,  Thomas  B. 

Ward,  William. 

Phelpe,  James. 

Warner,  Levi. 

Phillips,  William  A. 

Watson,  Lewis  F. 

Pollard,  Henry  M. 

Welch,  Frank. 

Potter.  Clarkson  N. 

White,  Harry. 

Pound,  Thad.  C. 

White,  Michael  D. 

Powers,  Llewellyn. 

Whitthorne,  W.  C. 

Price,  Hiram. 

Wigginton,  Peter  D.6 

Pridemore,  Auburn  L. 

Williams,  Alpher.s  S. 

Pugh,  John  Howard. 

Williams,  Andrew. 

Quinn,  Terence  J. 

Williams,  Charles  G. 

Rainey,  Joseph  H. 

Williams,  James. 

Randolph,  James  H. 

Williams,  Jeremiah  N. 

Rea,  David. 

Williams,  Richard. 

Reagan.  John  H. 

Willis,  Albert  S. 

Reed,  Thomas  B. 

Willis,  Benjamin  A. 

Reilly,  James  K. 

Willits,  Edwin. 

Rice,  Americus  V. 

Wilson,  Benjamin. 

Rice,  William  W. 

Wood,  Fernando. 

Riddle,  Haywonl  Y. 

Wren,  Thomas. 

Rnbbius,  William  M. 

Wright,  Hendrick  B. 

Roberts,  Charles  B. 

Yeates,  Jesse  J. 

Robertson,  E.  W. 

Young,  H.  Casey. 

Robinson,  George  D. 

Young,  John  S. 

.1.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  C.  B.  Darrall. 
2.  Elected  in  place  of  T.  J.  Quinn,  deceased.  3.  Suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  of  W.  A.  Field.  4.  Suc 
cessfully  contested  the  seat  of  Horatio  Bisbee. 
5.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  J.  B.  Belford. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


6.  Successfully    contested    the     seat    of    Romuald 
Paolieco. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Cannon,  George  Cj.  Kidder,  Jefferson  1'. 

Corlett,  William  \V.  Maginnis,  Martin. 

Fenn,  Stephen  S.  Eomero,  Trinidad. 

Jacobs,  Orange.  Stevens,  Hiram  S. 

THE    FORTY-SIXTH   CONGRESS. 

SENATORS. 
William  A.    \\7iceler.    Vice-President. 


Allison,  William  B. 
Anthony,  Henry  B. 
Bailey,  James  E. 
Baldwin,  H.  P.I 
Bayard,  Thomas  F. 
Beck,  James  B. 
Bell,  Charles  H. 
Elaine,  James  G. 
Blair,  Henry  W.2 
Booth,  Newton. 
Brown,  Joseph  E.3 
Bruce,  Blanche  K. 
Burnside,  Ambrose  E. 
Butler,  M.  C. 
Call,  Wilkinson. 
Cameron,  Angus. 
Cameron,  J.  D. 
Carpenter.  Matt  H. 
Chandler,  Zachariah. 
Cockrell,  Francis  M. 
Coke,  Richard. 
Conkling,  Roscoe. 
Davis,  David. 
Davis,  Henry  G. 
Dawes,  Henry  L. 
Eaton,  William  W. 
Edmunds,  George  F. 
Farley,  James  T. 
Ferry,  Thomas  W. 
Garland,  A.  H. 
Gordon,  John  B. 
Groome,  James  B. 
Grover,  L.  F. 
Hamlin,  Hannibal. 
Hampton,  Wade. 
Harris,  I.  G. 
Hereford,  Frank. 
Hill,  N.  P. 
Hill,  Benjamin  H. 
Hoar,  G.  F. 


Houston,  George  S. 
Ingalls,  John  J. 
Johnston,  John  W. 
Jonas,  Benjamin  Franklin 
Jones,  Charles  W. 
Jones,  John  P. 
Kellogg,  William  Pitt. 
Kernan,  Francis. 
Kirkwood,  S.  J. 
Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. 
Logan,  John  A. 
Maxey,  Samuel  B. 
McDonald,  Joseph  E. 
McMillan,  Samuel  J.  R. 
McPhersou,  John  R. 
Morgan,  J.  T. 
Morrill,  Justin  S. 
Paddock,  Algernon  S. 
Pendleton,  George  II. 
Platt,  Orville  H. 
Plumb,  P.  B. 
Pugh,  James  L.4 
Randolph,  Theodore  F. 
Ransom,  Matt  W. 
Rollins,  E.  H. 
Saulsbury,  Eli. 
Saunders,  A. 
Sharon,  William. 
Slater,  James  H. 
Teller,  Henry  M. 
Thurman,  Allen  G. 
Vance,  Zebulon  B. 
Vest,  George  G. 
Voorhees,  D.  W. 
Walker,  J.  D. 
Wallace,  William  A. 
Why te, William  Pinckney. 
Williams,  John  S. 
Windom,  William. 


Withers,  Robert  E. 
1.  Elected  in  place  of  Z.  Chandler,  deceased.     2. 
Elected  in  place  of  C.  H.  Bell,  temporarily  appointed. 
3.  Elected  in  place  of  John  B.  Gordon,  resigned.     4. 
Elected  in  place  of  George  S.  Houston,  deceased. 

R  KPK  KSENTATI VES. 


Samuel  J. 
Acklen.  J.  H. 
Aiken,  D.  Wyatt. 
Aldrich,  Nelson  W. 
Aldrich,  William. 
Anderson,  John  A. 
Armiield,  R.  F. 
Atherton,  Gibson. 
Atkins,  J.  D.  C. 
Bachman,  Reuben   lv 
Bailey,  John  M. 
Baker,  John  H. 
Ballon,  Latimer  W. 
Barber,  Hiram. 
Barlow.  Bradley. 
Bayne,  Thoma*  M. 
Beale,  R.  L.  T. 


Randall,  Speaker. 
Belford,  James  B. 
Beltzhoover.  Frank  E. 
Berry,  C.  P.' 
Bisbie,  Horatio.  1 
Bicknell,  George  A. 
Bingham,  Henry  H. 
Blackburn,  Joseph  C.  S. 
Blako,  John  L. 
Bland,  Richard  P. 
Bliss,  Archibald  M. 
Blount,  James  H. 
Bouck,  Gabriel. 
Bowman,  Selwyn  Z. 
Boyd,  Thomas  A. 
Bragg,  Edward  S. 
Brewer,  Mark  S. 


Briggs,  James  F. 
Brigham,  Lewis  A. 
Bright,  John  M. 
Browne,  Thomas  M. 
Buckner,  Aylett  H. 
Burrows,  Julius  C. 
Butterworth,  Benjamin. 
Cabell,  George  C. 
Caldwell.  John  W. 
Calkins,  William  H. 
Camp,  John  H. 
Cannon,  Joseph  G. 
Carlisle,  John  G. 
Carpenter,  Cyrus  C. 
Caswell,  Lucien  B. 
Chalmers,  J.  R. 
Chittendon,  Simeon  B. 
Claflin,  William. 
Clardy,  Martin  L. 
Clark,  Alvah  A. 
Clark,  J.  B.,  Jr. 
Clark.  Rush. 
Clements,  Newton  N.2 
Clymer,  Heister. 
Cobb,  Thomas  R. 
Coffroth,  Alexander  H. 
Colerick,  Walpole  G. 
Conger,  Omar  D. 
Converse,  George  L. 
Cook,  Philip. 
Covert,  James  W. 
Cowgill,  Calvin. 
Cox,  Samuel  S. 
Crapo,  William  W. 
Cravens,  Jordan  E. 
Crowley,  Richard. 
Culberson,  David  B. 
Daggett,  Rollin  M. 
Davidson,  Robert  H.  M. 
Davis,  George  R. 
Davis,  Horace. 
Davis,  Joseph  J. 
Davis,  Lowndes  H. 
De  LaMatyr,  Gilbert. 
Deering,  Nathaniel  C. 
Deuster,  Peter  V. 
Dibrell,  George  G. 
Dick,  Samuel  B. 
Dickey,  Henry  L. 
Dunn,  Poindexter. 
Dunnell,  Mark  H. 
Dwight,  Jeremiah  W. 
Einstein,  Edwin. 
Elam,  J.  B. 
Ellis,  E.  John. 
Srrett,  Russell. 
Evins,  John  H. 
Ewing,  Thomas. 
?arr,  Evarts  W. 
Helton,  William  H. 
?erdon,  John  W. 
?ield.  Walbridge  A. 
inlev,  Ebeuezer  B. 
isher,  Horatio  G. 
<\>rd,  Nicholas, 
'orney,  William  H. 
'orsyth,  Albert  P. 
'ort,  Greebury  L. 
'rost,  R.  Graham, 
^rye,  William  P. 
larrield,  James  A. 
ieddes,  George  W. 
Jibson.  Randall  L. 
Jillette,  Edward  H. 
Jodshalk,  William. 


Goode,  John. 

Gunter,  Thomas  M. 

Hall,  Joshua  G. 

Hammond,  John. 

Hammond,  N.  J. 

Harmer,  Alfred  C. 

Harris,  Benjamin  W 

Harris,  John  T. 

Haskell,  Dudley  C. 

Hatch,  William  H. 

Hawk,  Robert  M.  A. 

Hawley,  Joseph  R. 

Hayes,  Philip  C. 

Hazelton,  George  C. 

Heilman,  William 

Henderson,  Thomas  ,T 

Heukle,  Eli  J. 

Henry,  Daniel  M. 

Herbert,  Hilary  A. 

Herndon,  Thomas  H. 

Hill,  William  D. 

Hiscock,  Frank. 

Hooker,  Charles  E. 

Horr,  Roswell  G. 

Hostetler,  Abraham  ,1. 

Houk,  L.  C. 

House,  John  F. 

Hubbell,  Jay  A. 

Hull,  Noble  A. 

Humphrey,  Herman  L. 

Hunton,  Epp». 
Hurd,  Frank  H. 

Hutchins,  Walda.3 
James,  Amaziah  B 
Johnston,  Joseph  E. 
Jones,  G.  W. 
Jorgensen,  Joseph. 
Joyce,  Charles  H. 
Keifer,  J.  Warren. 

Kelly,  William  D. 
Kenna,  John  E. 
Ketcham,  John  H. 
Killinger,  John  W. 
Kimmel,  William. 
King,  J.  Floyd. 
Kitchin,  W.  H. 
Klotz,  Robert. 
Knott,  J.  Proctor. 
Ladd,  George  W. 
Lapham,  Elbridge  G. 
Lay,  Alfred  M.  ' 
Le  Fevre,  Benjamin. 
Lewis,  Bur  well  B. 
Lindsey,  Stephen  D. 
Loring,  George  B. 
Lounsbery,  William. 
Lowe,  William  M. 
Maiming,  Van  H. 
Marsh,  Benjamia  F. 
Martin,  Benjamin  F. 
Martin,  Edward  L. 
Martin,  Joseph  J. 
Mason,  Joseph. 
McCoid,  Moses  A. 
McCook,  Ansou  G. 
McGowan,  Jonas  H. 
McKenzie,  Jamea  A. 
McKinley,  William,  Jr. 
McLane,  Robert  M. 
McMahon,  John  A. 
McMillon,  Bentou.. 
Miles,  Frederick. 
Miller,  Warner. 
Mills,  Roger  y. 
Mitchell,  John  I. 


Ixxii 


TABULAR     K  E  C  O  R  D  S  . 


Money,  Heraando  D.          Slemons,  William  F. 

THE  FORTY-SEVENTH  CONGRESS. 

Monroe,  James.                    Smith,  A.  Herr. 

SENATOBS. 

Morrison,  William  R.         Smith,  Hezekiah  B. 

Chester  A.  Arthur,  Vice-President. 

Morse,  Leopold.                   Smith,  William  E. 
Morton,  Levi  P.                   Sparks,  William  A.  J. 
Muldrow,  H.  L.                   Speer,  Emory. 
Muller,  Nicholas.                Springer,  William  M. 
Murch,  Thompson  H.          Starin,  John  H. 
Myers,  William  R.              Steele,  Walter  L. 
Neal,  Henry  S.                     Stephens,  Alexander  H. 
New,  Jeptha  D.                   Stevenson,  Adlai  E. 

David  Davis,  President  pro  tem.1 
Aldrich,  N.  W.                     Jonas,  Benjamin  F. 
Allison,  William  B.             Jones,  Charles  W. 
Anthony,  Henry  B.             Jones,  John  P. 
Barrow,  Pope.  2                    Kellogg,  William  P. 
Bayard,  Thomas  F.              Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. 
Beck,  James  B.                     Lapham,  Elbridge  G. 

Newberey,  John  S.              Stone,  John  W. 
Nicholls.  John  C.                 Talbott,  J.  Frederick  C. 
Norcross,  Amasa.                Taylor,  Ezra  B.7 
O'Brien,  James.                   Taylor,  R.  L. 

Blair,  H.  W.                          Logan,  John  A. 
Brown,  Joseph  E.                McDill,  Jaiues  W. 
Butler,  M.  C.                        McMillan,  Samuel  J.  R. 
Call,  Wilkinson.                    McPherson,  John  R. 

O'Connor,  M,  P.                   Thomas,  John  R. 

Camden,  JohLsonN.           Mahone.  William. 

O'Neill,  Charles.                   Thompson,  Philip  B..  Jr. 

Cameron,  Angus.                  Maxey,  Sanmol  B. 

O'Reilly,  Daniel.                Thompson,  William  G.8 
Orth,  Godlove  S.                   Tillman,  George  D. 

Cameron,  J.  D.                     Miller,  John  F. 
Cockrell,  Francis  M.            Miller,  Warner. 

Osmer,  J.  H.                         Townsend,  Amos. 

Coke,  Richard.                      Mitchell,  John  I. 

Overton,  Edward,  Jr.         Townshend,  Richard  W. 

Conger,  Omar  D.                  Morgan,  John  T. 

Pacheco,  Romualdo.            Tucker,  John  R. 

Davis,  Henry  G.                   Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Page,  Horace  F.                   Turner,  Oscar. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                 Pendleton,  George  H. 

Persons,  Henry.                    Turner,  Thomas. 

Edmunds,  George  F.            Platt,  Orville  11. 

Phelps,  James.                     Tyler,  Jam  es  >I 

Fair,  James  G.                     Plumb,  Preston  B. 

Philips,  John  F.4                 Updegralf,  Jonathan  T. 

Farley,  James  T.                  PU#'I,  James  L. 

Phister,  Elijah  G.                Updegraff,  Thomas. 
Pierce,  Ray  V.                     Upson,  Columbus.  9 

Ferry,  Thomas  W.               Ransom,  Matt  \V. 
Frye,  William  P.                 Rollins,  Edward  H. 

Poehler.  Henrv.                   Urner,  Milton  G. 

Garland,  Augustus  H.         Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Pound,  Thaddeus  C.            Valentine,  Edward  K. 

George,  James  Z.                 Saunders,  Alvin. 

Prescott,  Cyrus  D.               Van  Aernam,  Henry. 

Gorman,  Arthur  P.              Sawyer,  Philetus. 

Price,  Hiram.                       Vance,  Robert  B. 

Groome,  James  B.                Sewell.  William  J. 

Ray.  Ossian.5                       Voorhis,  Charles  H. 

Grover,  La  Fayette.             Sherman,  John. 

Reagan.  John  H.                  Van  Voorhis,  John. 

Hale,  Eugene.                       Slater,  James  H. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.                 Waddill,  James  R. 

Hampton,  Wade.                  Tabor,  H.  A.  W.3 

Rice,  William  W.                Wait,  John  T. 

Harris,  Isham  G.                  Teller,  Henry  M. 

Richardson,  David  P.          Ward,  William. 

Harrison,  Benjamin.            Vance,  Zebulon  B. 

Richardson,  Join   S.            Warner,  A.  J. 

I  lawley.  Joseph  R.              Van  Wyck,  Charles  H 

Richmond,  James  t>.           Washburn,  W.  D. 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.                Vest.  George  G. 

Robertson,  E.  W.                Weaver,  James  B. 

Hill,  Nathaniel  P.                Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 

Robeson,  George  M.            Wellborn,  Olin. 

Hoar,  George  F.                   Walker.  James  D. 

Robinson,  George  I).           Wells,  Erastus. 

Ingalls,  John  J.                    Williams,  John  S. 

Ross,  Miles.                          White,  Harry. 

Jackson,  Howell  E.             Windom,  William. 

RothwelJ,  Gideon  F.            Whiteaker,  John. 

Johnston,  John  W. 

Russell,  Daniel  L.                Whitthorn,  W.  C. 

1.  Acting  President  in  place  of  C.  A.  Arthur,  ele 

Russell,  William  A.             Wilber,  David. 

vated  to  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States.     2. 

Ryan,  Thomas.                    Williams,  Charles  G. 

Elected   in   pla^e   of  Benjamin   H.    Hill,    deceased 

Ryon,  John  W.                    Williams,  Thomas. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Henry  M.  Teller,  resigned. 

Samford,  William  J.            Willis,  Albert  S. 

Sapp,  William  F.                 Willits,  Edwin. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Sawyer,  Samuel  L.               Wilson,  Benjamin. 

J.  Warren  Keifcr,  Spcaka-. 

Scales,  Alfred  M.                 Wise,  Morgan  R. 

Aiken,  D.  Wyatt,                Bragg,  Edward  S. 

Scoville,  Jonathan.fi            Wood,  Fernando. 

Aldrich,  William.                 Brewer,  J.  Hart. 

Shallenberger,  William  S.  Wood,  Walter  A. 

Allen,  Thomas.                     Briggs,  James  F. 

Shelly,  Charles  M.               Wright,  Hendrick  B. 

Anderson,  John  A.              Browne,  Thomas  M 

Sherwin,  John  C.                 Yocum,  Seth  H. 

Armfield.  R.  F.                    Brumm,  C.  N. 

Simonton,  C.  B.                   Young,  Casey. 

Atkins,  John  D.  G»              Buchanan,  Hugh. 

Singleton,  James  W.           Young,  Thomas  L. 

Atherton,  Gibson.                Buck,  John  R. 

Singleton,  0.  R.                   Yeates,  J.  .1.10 

Barbour.  John  S.                   Buckner,  Aylett  H. 

1.    Successfully  contested   the  seat  of  Noble  A. 

Barr.  Samuel  F.                     Burrows,  Julius  C. 

Hull.     2.  Elected  in  place  of  B.  B.  Lewis,  resigned. 

Bayne,  Thomas  M.              Burrows,  J.  H. 

3.  Elected  in  place  of  Alexander  Smith,   deceased. 

Beach,  Lewis.                         Butter  worth,  Benjamin. 

4.  Elected   in   place  of  A.   M.    Lay,    deceased.     f>. 

Belford.  James  B.                Cabell,  G.  C. 

Elected  in  place  of  E.  W.  Farr,  deceased.    6.  Elected 

Belmont,  Perry.                   Caldwell,  John  W. 

in  place  of  Ray  V.   Pierce,  resigned.     7.  Elected  iu 

Beltzhoover.  Frank  E.         Calkins,  William  H. 

place  of  Jas.  A.  Garfield,  resigned.    8.  Elected  in  place 
of  Rush   Clark,   deceased.      9.  Elected   in   place  of 

Berry,  Campbell  P.              Camp,  John  H. 
Bingham,  Henry  H.             Campbell,  John  M. 

Gustave  Schleicher,  deceased.     10.  Successfully  con 

Bisbee,  Horatio,  Jr.l           Candler,  John  W. 

tested  the  seat  of  J.  J.  Martin. 

Black,  George  R.                  Cannon.  Joseph  G. 

Territorial  Delegate?. 
Ainslee,  George.                  Campbell,  J  G. 
Bennett,  G.  G.                     Downey,  S.  W. 

Blackburn.  Joseph  C.  S.     Carlisle,  John  G. 
Blanchard,  N.  C.                 Carpenter,  Cyrus  C. 
Bland,  Richard  P.               Cassidy,  George  W. 
Bliss,  Archibald  M.             Caswell,  Lucien  B. 

Brents,  Thomas  H.              Maginnis,  Martin. 

Blount,  James  H.                Ch:»ce.  Jonathan. 

Cannon,  George  Q.              Otero,  Mariano  S. 

Bowman,  Selwyn  Z.            Chalmers,  James  Rornld. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixxiii 


Chapman.  A.  G. 

Herndon,  Thomas  H. 

Orth,  Godlove  S.                  Spaulding,  O.  L. 

Clardy,  Martin  L. 

Hewitt,  Abram  S. 

Pacheco,  Romualdo.            Speer,  Emory. 

Clark,  John  B.,  Jr. 

Hewitt,  Goldsmith  W. 

Page,  Horace  F.                   Spooner,  Henry  J. 

Clements,  Judson  C. 

Hill,  John. 

Parker,  A.  X.                       Springer,  William  M 

Cobb,  Thomas  R. 

Hiscock,  Frank. 

Paul,  John.                         Steele,  George  W. 

Colerick,  Walpole  G. 

Hitt,  R.  R.3 

Payson,  Lewis  E.                 Stephens,  A.  H. 

Converse,  George  L. 

Hoblitzell.  F.  S. 

Peelle,  Stanton  J.                Stockslager,  S.  M. 

Cook.  Philip. 

Hoge,  John  Blair. 

Pierce,  R.  B.  F.                    Stone,  Ebeh  F. 

Cornell,  Thomas. 

Holman,  William  S. 

Pettibone,  A.  H.                  Strait,  Horace  B. 

Covington,  G.  W. 

Hooker,  Charles  E. 

Phelps,  James.                     Talbott,  J.  Frederick  C. 

Cox,  Samuel  S. 

Horr,  Roswell  G. 

Phister,  Elijah  C.                Taylor,  Ezra  B. 

Cox,  William  R. 

Houk,  L.  C. 

Pound,  Thaddeus  C.            Taylor,  Joseph  D.ll 

Crapo,  William  W. 

House,  John  F. 

Prescott,  Cyrus  D.               Thomas,  John  R. 

Cravens,  Jordan  E. 

Hubbell,  Jay.  A. 

Randall,  Samuel  ,).              Thompson,  Philip  B.,  Jr. 

Crowley,  Richard. 

Hubbs,  Orlando. 

Ranney,  A.  A.                      Thompson,  William  G. 

Culbertson,  David  B. 

Humphrey,  Hermi.n  L. 

Ray,  Ossian.                          Tillman,  George  D. 

Cullen,  William. 

Hutching,  Waldo. 

Reagan,  John  H.                  Townsend.  Amos. 

Curtin,  Andrew  (r. 

Jacobs,  Ferris,  Jr. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.                 Townshend,  Richard  W. 

Cutts,  Madison  E. 

Jadwin,  C.  C. 

Reese,  Seaborn.  8                  Tucker,  J.  Randolph. 

Darrall,  Chester  B. 

Jones,  George  W. 

Rice,  John  B.                        Turner,  Henry  G. 

Davidson,  Robert  If.  M. 

Jones,  James  K. 

Rice,  T.  M.                           Turner,  Oscar. 

Davis,  George  R. 

Jones.  Phineas. 

Rice,  William  W.                Tyler,  James  M. 

Davis,  Lowndes  H. 

Jorgensen,  Joseph. 

Rich.  John  T.                       Upson,  Columbus. 

Dawes,  Rufus  R. 

Joyce,  Charles  H. 

Richardson,  David  P.          Updegraff,  J.  T. 

Deering,  Nathaniel  C. 

Kasson,  J.  A. 

Richardson,  John  S.            Updegraff,  Thomas. 

De  Motte,  Mark  L. 

Kelly,  William  D. 

Ritchie,  James  M.                Urner,  Milton  G. 

Denster,  Peter  V. 

Kenna,  John  E. 

Robeson,  George  M.             Valentine,  Edward  K. 

Dezendorf,  John  F. 

Ketcham,  John  H. 

Robertson,  Edward  White.  Van  Aernam,  Henry. 

Dibble.  Samuel. 

King,  J.  Floyd. 

Robinson,  George  D.            Vance,  Robert  B. 

Dibrell,  G.  G. 

Klotz,  Robert. 

Robinson.  James  S.              Van  Horn,  R.  T. 

Dingley,  N.,  Jr. 

Knott,  J.  Proctor. 

Robinson,  William  K.         Van  Voorhis,  John. 

Dowd,  Clement. 

Lace,  Edward  S. 

Rosecrans.  W.  S.                  Wadsworth,  J.  W.12 

Doxey,  Charles  T.2 

Ladd,  George  W. 

Ross,  Miles.                           Wait,  John  T. 

Dugro,  P.  Henry. 

Lapham,  E.  G. 

Russell,  William  A.            Walker,  R.  J.  C. 

Dunn,  Poindexter. 

Latham,  L.  C. 

Ryan,  Thomas.                     Ward,  William. 

Dunnell,  Mark  IT. 

Leedom,  John  P. 

Scales,  Alfred  M.                 Warner,  Richard. 

Dwight,  Jeremiah  W. 

Le  Fevre,  Benjamin. 

Schultz,  Emanuel.               Washburn,  William  D 

Ellis,  E.  John. 

Lewis,  J.  H. 

Scoville,  Jonathan.               Watson,  Lewis  F. 

Ermentrout,  Daniel. 

Lindsey,  Stephen  D. 

Scranton,  Joseph  A.             Webber,  George  W. 

Errett,  Russell. 

Lord,  Henry  W. 

Shaokelford,  J.  W.              Wellborn,  Olin. 

Evins,  John  H. 

Lowe,  W.  M.4 

Shallenberger,  William  S.  West,  George. 

Far-well,  Charles  B. 

Lynch,  John  R.5 

Shelley,  Charles  M.             Wheeler,  Joseph. 

Farwell,  Sewall  S. 

Maekey,  E.  W.  M.fi 

Sherwin,  John  C.                 White,  John  D. 

Finley,  Jesse  J. 

Manning,  Van  H. 

Shultz,  E.                              Whitthorne,  W.  C. 

Fisher,  Horatio  G. 

Marsh,  Benjamin  F. 

Simonton,  Charles  B.           Williams,  Charles  G. 

Flower,  R.  P. 

Martin,  Edward  L. 

Singleton,  James  W.           Williams,  Thomas. 

Ford,  Nicholas. 

Mason,  Joseph. 

Singleton,  Otho  R.               Willis,  Albert  S. 

Forney,  William  H. 

Matson,  C.  C. 

Skinner,  Charles  R.9           Willite,  Edwin. 

Frost,  R.  Graham. 

McClure,  A.  S. 

Smalls,  Robert.                     Wilson,  Benjamin. 

Fulkerson,  Abram. 

McCoid,  Moses  A. 

Smith,  A.  Herr.                    Wise,  George  D. 

Garrison,  George  T. 

McCook,  Anson  G. 

Smith,  D.  C.                         Wise,  Morgan  R. 

Geddes,  George  W. 

McKenzie,  James  A. 

Smith,  J.  Hyatt.                  Wood,  Benjamin. 

George,  M.  C. 

McKiuley,  William.  V. 

Smith,  James  Q.10              Wood,  Walter  A. 

Gibson,  Randall  Lee. 

McLane,  Robert  M. 

Sparks,  William  A.  J.         Young.  Thomas  L. 

Godshalk,  William. 

McLean,  James  H.7 

1.  Successfully  contested  tbe  seat  of  J.  J.  Finley. 

Grout,  William  W. 

McMillin,  Benton. 

•2.  Elected   in   place    of   G.    S.    Orth,    deceased.     :>. 

Guenther,  Richard. 

Miles,  Frederick. 

Elected  in  place  of  R.  M.  A.  Hawk,  deceased.    4.  Suc 

Gunter,  Thomas  M. 

Miller,  Samuel  H. 

cessfully    contested    the    seat    of   Joseph   Wheeler. 

Hall.  Joshua  G. 

Miller,  Warner. 

.').  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  J.  R.  Chalmeis. 

Hammond,  John. 

Mills,  Roger  Q. 

(i.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  Samuel  Dibble. 

Hammond,  N.  J. 

Money,  Hernando  D. 

7.  Elected    in    place    of   Thomas    Allen,    deceased. 

Hardenbergh,  A.  A. 

Moore,  William  R. 

8.  Elected   in   place  of   A.    H.    Stephens,    resigned. 

Hardy,  John. 

Morey,  Henry  L. 

9.  Elected    in    place    of   Warner    Miller,  resigned. 

Harmer,  Alfred  C. 

Morrison,  William  R. 

10.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  C.  M.  Shelley, 

Harris,  Benjamin  W 
Harris,  Henry  S. 

Morse,  Leopold. 
Mosgrove,  James. 

but  died  without  occupying  it.     11.  Elected  in  place 
of  J.  T.  Updegraff,  deceased.      12.  Elected  in  place 

Haskell,  Dudley  C. 

Moulton,  Samuel  WT. 

of  E.  G.  Lapham,  resigned. 

Hatch,  William  H. 

Muldrow,  Henry  Lowndes. 

Territorial  Delegates. 

Hawk,  Robert  M.  A. 

Murch,  Thompson  H. 

Ainslie,  George.                   Maginnis,  Martin. 

Hazeltine,  Ira  S. 

Mutcbler,  William. 

Brents,  Thomas  H.              Oury,  Granville  H. 

Hazelton,  George  C. 

Neal,  Henry  S. 

Caine.  John  T.I                   Pettigrew,  R.  F. 

Heilman,  William. 

Nolan,  M.  N. 

Cannon,  George  Q.               Post,  M.  E. 

Henderson,  Thomas  J. 

Norcross,  Amasa. 

Luna,  Tranquilino. 

Hepburn,  W.  P. 

Oates,  William  C. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  G.  Q.  Cannon,  declared  in 

Herbert,  Hilary  A. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

eligible. 

Ixxiv 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


THE  FORTY-EIGHTH  CONGRESS. 

Covington,  George  W. 

Hewitt,  Goldsmith  W. 

SENATORS. 

Cox,  Samuel  S. 

Hill,  William  D. 

George  F.  Edmunds,  President  pro  tern. 

Cox,  William  R. 

Hiscock,  Frank. 

Aldrich,  Nelson  W.             Jonas,  Benjamin  Franklin. 
Allison,  William  B.            Jones,  Charles  W. 

Crisp,  Charles  F. 
Culbertson,  David  B. 

Hitt,  Robert  R. 
Hoblitzell,  Fetter  S. 

Anthony,  Henry  B.             Jones,  John  F. 

Culbertson,  William    .V. 

Holman,  William  S. 

Bayard,  Thomas  F.             Kenna,  John  E. 

Cullen,  William. 

Holmes,  Adoniram  J. 

Beck,  James  B.                    Lamar,  Lucius  Q.  C. 

Curtin,  Andrew  G. 

Holton,  Hart  B. 

Blair,  Henry  W.                  Lapham,  Elbridge  G. 
Bowen,  Thomas  M.              Logan,  John  A. 

Cutcheon,  Byron  M. 
Cutts,  Marsena  E. 

Hooper,  Benjamin  S. 
Hopkins,  James  H. 

Brown,  Joseph  E.                McMillen,  Samuel  J.  R. 

Dargan,  George  W. 

Horr,  Roswell  G. 

Butler,  M.  C.                       McPherson,  John  R. 

Davidson,  Robert  H.  M. 

Houk,  Leonid  as  C. 

Call,  Wilkinson.                  Mahone,  William. 

Davis,  George  R. 

Houseman,  Julius. 

Camden,  Johnson  N.           Manderson,  Charles  F. 

Davis,  Lowndes  H. 

Howey,  Benjamin  F. 

Cameron,  Angus.                Maxey,  Samuel  B. 

Davis,  Robert  T. 

Hunt,  Carleton. 

Cameron,  James  Donald.    Miller,  John  F. 

Deuster,  Peter  V. 

Kurd,  Frank  H. 

Chace,  Jonathan.  1              Miller,  Warner. 

Dibble,  Samuel. 

Hutchins,  Waldo. 

Cockrell,  Francis  Marion.  Mitchell,  John  I. 

Dibrell,  George  G. 

James,  Darwin  R. 

Coke,  Richard.                     Morgan,  John  T. 

Dingley,  Nelson,  Jr. 

Jeffords,  Elza. 

Colquitt,  Alfred  H.              Morrill,  Justin  8. 

Dixon,  Nathan  F.3 

Johnson,  Frederick  A. 

Conger,  Omar  D.                  Palmer,  Thomas  \V. 

Dockery,  Alexander  M. 

Jones,  Burr  W. 

Cullom,  Shelby  M.              Pike,  Austin  F. 

Dorsheimer,  William. 

Jones,  James  H. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                Pendletou,  George  il. 

Dowd,  Clement. 

Jones,  James  K. 

Dolph,  Joseph  N.                 Platt,  Orville  H. 

Duncan,  William  A. 

Jones,  James  T.6 

Fair,  James  Graham.          Plumb,  Preston  B. 

Dunham,  Ransom  W. 

Jordan,  Isaac  M. 

Farley,  James  Thorn  pson.  Pugh,  James  L. 

Dunn,  Poindexter. 

Kassou,  John  A. 

Frye,  William  P.                Ransom,  Matt  W. 

Eaton,  William  W. 

Kean,  John,  Jr. 

Garland,  Augustus  H.        Kiddleberger,  H.  H. 

Eldredge,  Nathaniel  Bud 

Keifer,  J.  Warren. 

George,  James  Z.                Sabin,  Dwiglit  M. 

Elliott,  Mortimer  F. 

Kelly,  William  D. 

Gibson,  Randall  L.             Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Ellis,  E.  John. 

Kellogg,  William  P. 

Gorman,  Arthur  P.              Sawyer,  Philetus. 

Ellwood,  Reuben. 

Ketcham,  John  11. 

Groome,  James  B.                Sewell,  William  J. 

English,  William  E.4 

King,  J.  Floyd. 

Hale,  Eugene.                  ,     Sherman,  John. 

Ermentrout.  Daniel. 

Kleiner,  John  J. 

Hampton,  Wade.                 Slater,  James  H. 

Evans,  I.  Newton. 

Lacey,  Edward  S. 

Harris,  Isham  G.                 Vunce,  Zebulon  B. 

Everhart,  James  B. 

Laird,  James. 

Harrison,  Benjamin.           Van  Wyck,  Charles  if. 

Evins,  John  H. 

Lamb,  John  E.     • 

Hawley,  Joseph  R.              Vest,  George  G. 

Ferrel,  Thomas  M. 

Lanham,  Samuel  \V.  T. 

Hill,  Nathaniel  P.               Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 

Fiedler,  William  H.  F. 

Lawrence,  George  V. 

Hoar,  George  F.                   Walker,  James  D. 

Findlay,  John  V.  L. 

Le  Fevre,  Benjamin. 

Ingalls,  John  James.           Williams,  John  S. 

Finerty,  John  F. 

Lewis,  Edward  T.7 

Jackson,  Ho  well  Edmunds.  Wilson,  James  F. 

Follett,  John  F. 

Libbey,  Harry. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  H.  B.  Anthony,deceased. 

Foran,  Martin  A. 

Long,  John  D. 

Forney,  William  H. 

Lore,  Charles  B. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Fyan,  Robert  W. 

Lovering,  Henry  H. 

John  G.  Carlisle,  Speaker. 

Garrison,  George  T.5 

Lowry,  Robert. 

Adams,  George  E.                Brewer,  Francis  B. 

Geddes,  George  W. 

Lvman,  Theodore. 

Adams,  John  J.                   Brewer,  J.  Hart. 

George,  Melvin  C. 

Mackey,  E.  W.  M. 

Aiken,  D.  Wyatt.                Broadhead,  James  O. 

Gibson,  Eustace. 

Matson,  Courtland   C. 

Alexander,  Armstead  M.  Brown,  William  Wallace. 

Glascock,  John  R. 

Maybury,  William  C. 

Anderson,  John  A.              Browne,  Thomas  M. 

Goff,  Nathan.  Jr. 

Mayo,  Robert  M. 

Arnot,  John.                         Brumm,  Charles  N. 

Graves,  Alexander. 

McAdoo,  William  . 

Atkinson,  Louis  E.             Buchanan,  Hugh. 

Green,  AVharton  J. 

McCoid,  Moses  A. 

Barbour,  John  S.                Buckner,  Aylett  H. 

Greenleaf,  Halbert  S. 

McComas,  Louis  Jv 

Barksdale,  Ethelbert.          Budd,  James  H. 

Guenther,  Richard. 

McCormick,  John  \V. 

Barr,  Samuel  F.                   Burleigh,  Henry  G. 

Halsell,  John  E. 

McKinlcy,  William.   Jr. 

Bagley,  John  H.,  Jr.           Burnes,  James  N. 

Hammond,  Nathaniel  J. 

McMillin,  Benton. 

Ballentiue,  John  G.            Cabell,  George  C. 

Hanback,  Lewis. 

Millard,  Stephen  C. 

Bayne,  Thomas  M.              Caldwell,  Andrew  .1. 

Hancock,  John. 

Miller,  James  F. 

Beach,  Lewis.                       Calkins,  William  If. 

Hardeman,  Thomas. 

Miller,  Samuel  H. 

Belford,  James  B.                Campbell,  Felix. 

Hardy,  John. 

Mil  liken,  Seth  L. 

Belmont,  Perry.                   Campbell,  Jacob  M. 

Harmer,  Alfred  C. 

Mills,  Roger  Q. 

Bennett,  Risden  T.              Candler,  Allen  D. 

Hart,  Alphonso. 

Mitchell,  Charles  I,. 

Bingliam,  Henry  H.            Cannon,  Joseph  G. 

Haskell,  Dudley  C. 

Money,  Hernando  1  >. 

Bisbee,  Horatio,  Jr.             Carleton,  Ezra  C. 

Hatch,  Herschel  H. 

Morgan,  Charles  H. 

Blackburn,  Joseph  C.  S.     Cassidy,  George  W. 

Hatch,  William  H. 

Morey,  Henry  L. 

Blanchard  Newton  C.         Chace,  Jonathan. 

Haynes,  Martin  A. 

Morrill,  Edmund  N. 

Bland,  Richard  P.                Clardy,  Martin  L. 

Hcmphill,  John  J. 

Morrison,  William  R. 

B'.ount,  James  H.                Clay  James  F. 

Henderson,  David  B. 

Morse,  Leopold. 

Boutelle,  Charles  A.           Clements,  Judson  C. 

Henderson,  Thomas  J. 

Moulton,  Samuel  W. 

Bowen,  Henry.                    Cobb,  Thomas  R. 
Boyle,  Charles  E.                Collins,  Patrick  A. 
Brainerd,  Samuel  M.           Connolly,  Daniel  W. 
Bratton,  John.  1                 Converse,  George  L. 

Henley,  Barclay. 
Hepburn.  William  P. 
Herbert,  Hilary  P. 
Herndon,  Thomas  H. 

Muldrow,  Henry  L. 
Muller,  Nicholas. 
Murphy,  Jeremiah  H. 
Murray,  Robert  M. 

Breckenridge,  Clifton  R.    Cook,  John.  C.  2 

Herron,  Andrew  S. 

Mutchler,  William. 

Brtitung,  Edward.              Cosgrove,  John. 

Hewitt,  Abram  S. 

Neece,  William. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


liXV 


Nelson,  Knute.                     Spriggs,  J.  T. 

12.    Elected  in  place  of  John  A.  Kasson,  resigned. 

Nicholls,  John  C.                 Springer,  William  M. 

13.  Elected  in  place  of  William  A.  Duncan,  deceased. 

Nutting,  Newton  W.           Steele,  George  W. 

14.  Successfully  contested  the  seat  of  William  Mc- 

Gates,  William  C.                Stephenson,  Isaac. 

Kinley,  Jr. 

Ochiltree,  Thomas  P.          Stevens,  Robert  S. 

Territorial  Delfgatca. 

O'Ferrall,  Charles  T.8        Stewart,  Charles. 
O'llara,  James  E.                 Stewart,  John  W. 

Brents.  Thomas  H.               Oury,  Granville  H. 

O'Neill,  Charles.                  Stockslager,  Strother  M. 
O'Neill,  John  J.                  Stone,  Eben  F. 

Caine.  John  T.                     Post,  Morton  E. 
Luna.  Tranquilino.              Raymond,  John  B. 

Paige,  David  R.                   Storm,  John  B. 

Maginnis,  Martin.               Singiser,  Theodore  F. 

Parker,  Abraham  X.           Strait,  Horace  B. 
Patten,  John  D.                   Struble,  Isaac  S. 

THE  FORTY-NINTH  CONGRESS. 

Payne,  Sereno  E.                 Sumner,  Charles  A. 

SEN  A  TOES. 

Payson,  Lewis  E.                 Sumner,  Daniel  H. 
Peel,  Samuel  W.                  Swope,  John  A.  13 

John  Sherman,  President  pro  tern. 

Peelle,  Stanton  J.                Talbott,  J.  Frederick  C. 

Aldrich,  Nelson  W.             Jackson,  Howell  E. 

Perkins,  Bishop  W.             Taylor,  Ezra  B. 
Peters,  Samuel  R.                Taylor,  John  M. 

Allison,  William  B.             Jones,  Charles  W. 
Bayard,  Thomas  F.              Jones,  James  K. 

Pettibone.  Augustus  H.     Taylor,  Joseph  D. 
Phelps,  William  Walter.    Thomas,  John  R. 

Beck,  James  B.                     Jones,  John  P. 
Berry,  James  H.I                Kenna,  John  E. 

Pierce,  Rice  A.                     Thompson,  Philip  B.,  Jr. 
Poland,  Luke  P.                   Throckmorton,  James  W. 

Blackburn,  Joseph  C.  S.     Lamar,  L.  Q.  C. 
Blair,  Henry  W.                   Logan,  John  A. 

Poole,  Walter  R.                  Tillman,  George  D. 

Bowen,  Thomas  M.             McMillan,  Samuel  J.  R. 

Post,  George  A.                    Townshend,  Richard  W. 

Brown,  Joseph  E.                McPherson,  John  R. 

Potter,  Orlando.  B.              Tucker,  John  Ran  lolph. 
Price,  William  T.                T^Uy,  Pleasant  B. 

Butler,  M.  C.                        Mahone,  William. 
Call,  Wilkinson.                   Manderson,  Charles  F. 

Pryor,  Luke.                        Turner,  Henry  G. 
Pusey,  William  H.  M.        Turner,  Oscar. 

Camden,  Johnson  N.           Maxey,  Samuel  B. 
Cameron,  J.  D.                     Miller,  John  F. 

Randall,  Samuel  J.             Valentine,  Edward  K. 
Rankin,  Joseph.                   Van  Alstyne,  Thomas  J. 
Ranney.  Ambrose  A.           Vance,  Robert  B. 

Chace,  Jonathan.                  Miller,  Warner. 
Cockrell,  Francis  M.           Mitchell,  John  11. 
Coke,  Richard.                     Mitchell,  John  I. 

Ray,  George  W.                    Van  Eaton,  Henry  S. 
Ray,  Ossian.                          Wadsworth,  James  W. 

Colquitt,  Alfred  H.              Morgan.  John  T. 
Conger,  Omar  D.                  Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Reagan,  John  H.                  Wait,  John  T. 

Cullom,  Shelby  M.              Palmer!  Thomas  W. 

Reed,  Thomas  B.                  Wakeneld,  James  B. 

Dawes,  Henry  L.                  Payne,  Henry  B. 

Reese,  Seaborn.                    Wallace,  Jonathan  H.14 

Dolph,  Joseph  N.                 Pike,  Austin  F. 

Rice,  \Villiarn  W.                Ward,  Thomas  B. 

Edmunds,  George  F.           Platt,  Orville  H. 

Riggs,  James  M.                  Warner,  A.  J. 
Robertson,  Thomas  A.        Warner,  Richard. 

Eustis,  James  B.                  Plumb,  Preston  B. 
Evarts,  William  M.             Pugh,  James  L. 

Robiuson,  George  D.            Washburn,  William  D. 

Fair,  James  G.                     Ransom.  Matt  W. 

Robinson,  James  S.              Weaver,  Archibald  J. 
Robinson,  William  E.         Wellborn,  Olin. 

Farley,  James  T.                  Riddleberger,  Harrison  It. 
Frye,  William   P.                 Sabin,  Dwight  M 

Rockwell,  Francis  P.!)        Weller,  L.  H. 

Garland,  A.  H.                      Saulsbury,  Eli. 

Rogers,  John  H.                   Wemple,  Edward. 
Rogers,  William  F.             White,  John  D. 

George,  James  Z.                 Sawyer,  Philetus. 
Gibson,  Randall  L.              Sewell,  William  J. 

Rosecrans,  William  S.         White,  Milo. 
Rowell,  Jonathan  H.           Whiting,  William. 
Russell,  William  A.            Wilkins,  Beriah. 
Ryan,  Thomas.                     Williams,  Thomas. 
Scales,  Alfred  M.                 Willis,  Albert  S. 
Seney,  George  E.                 Wilson,  James. 
Seymour.  Edward  W.         Wilson.  William  L. 

Gorman,  Arthur  P.              Spooner,  John  C. 
Gray,  George.2                     Stanford,  Leland.4 
Hale,  Eugene.                       Teller,  Henry  M. 
Hampton,  Wade.                 Vance.  Zebulon  B. 
Harris,  Isham  G.                  Van  Wyck,  Charles  H. 
Harrison,  Benjamin.            Vest.  George  G. 
Hawley.  Joseph  R.              Voorhees,  Daniel  W. 

Shaw,  Aaron.                       Winans,  Edwin  B. 
Shelly,  Charles  M.                Winans,  John. 
Singleton,  Otho  R.                Wise,  George  D. 

Hearst,  George.  3                  Walthall,  E.  C.5 
Hoar,  George  F.                   \Vilson,  Ephraim  K. 
Ingalls,  John  J.                   Wilson,  James  F. 

Skinner,  Charles  R.             Wise,  John  S. 

1.  Elected  in  place  of  A.   H.  Garland,  resigned. 

Skinner,  Thomas  G.  '.  J        Wolford,  Frank  L. 

2.  Elected  in  place  of  T.  F.  Bayard,  resigned.     3.  Ap- 

Slocum,  Henry  W.               Wood,  Thomas  J.                   1  pointed  in  place  of  J.  T.Farley,  deceased.     4.  Elected 

Smalls,  Robert.ll                 Woodward,  Gilbert  N. 

in   place  of  J.  T.  Farley,  deceased.     5.  Elected  in 

Smith,  A.  Herr.                     Worthington,  Nicholas  E. 

place  of  L.  Q.  C.  Lamar,  resigned. 

Smith,  Hiram  Y.12            Yaple,  George  L. 

Snyder,  Charles  P.              York,  Tyre. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Spooner,  Henry  J.               Young,  Casey. 

John  G.  Carlisle,  Speaker. 

1.  Elected  in   place   of  John  H.  Evins,  deceased. 

Adams,  George  E.                Barksdale,  Ethelbert. 

2.    Elected  in  place   of  M.    E.   Cutts,    deceased.     3.  j  Adams,  John  J.                    Barnes,  George  T. 

Elected  in  place  of  Jonathan  Chace,  cho.sen  United  i  Aiken,  D.  Wyatt.                Barry,.  F.  G. 

States  Senator.     4.  Successfully  contested  th«  seat  o/ 

Allen,  Charles  H.                 Bayne,  Thomas  M. 

Stanton  J.  Peele.     5.  Successfully  contested  the  seat 

Allen.  John  M.                    Beach,  Lewis. 

of  R.  M.  Mayo.     6.  Elected  in  place  of  Thomas  H. 

Anderson,  Charles  M.         Belmont,  Perry. 

Herndon.    deceased.     7.    Elected  in   place  of  A.  S. 

Anderson,  John  A.              Bennett,  Risclen  T. 

Herron,    deceased.      8.    Successfully    contested    the 

Arnot,  John,  Jr.                   Bingham,  Henry  K. 

seat  of  John  Paul.     9.  Elected   in  place  of  George 

Atkinson,  Louis  E.              Blanchard,  Newton  C. 

D.  Robinson,  chosen  Governor  of  Massachusetts.      10. 

Baker,  Charles  S.                  Bland,  Richard  P. 

Elected    in   place  of  W.    R.    Poole,   deceased.      11. 

Ballentine,  John  G.             Bliss,  Archibald  M. 

Elected  in   place  of  E.   W.   M.    Mackey,   deceased. 

Barbour,  John  S.                 'Blount,  James  H. 

1 X  X  V 1 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Bound,  Franklin. 

Ford,  George. 

Lore,  Charles  B. 

Sadler,  Thomas  W. 

Boutelle,  Charles  A. 
Boyle,  Charles  E. 

Forney,  William  IT. 
Frederick,  Ben.  T. 

Louttit,  J.  A. 
Levering,  Henry  B. 

Sawyer,  John  G. 
Sayers,  Joseph  D. 

Brady,  James  D. 
Bragg,  Edward  S. 

Fuller,  William  E. 
Funston,  E.  H. 

Lowry,  Robert. 
Lyman,  Joseph. 

Scott,  William  L. 
Scranton,  Joseph  A. 

Breckenridge,  Clifton  K. 
Breckenridge,  Wm.  <  .  I'. 
Brown,  Charles  E. 

Gallinger,  Jacob  H. 
Gay,  Edward  J. 
Geddes,  George  W. 

McAdoo,  William. 
McComas,  Louis  E. 
McCreary.  James  B. 

Seney,  George  E. 
Sessions,  Walter  R. 
Seymour,  Edward  W. 

Brown,  William  W. 

Gibson,  Charles  H. 

McEenna,  Joseph. 

Shaw.  Frank  T. 

Browne,  Thomas  M. 

Gibson,  Eustace. 

McEinley,  William.  Jr. 

Singleton,  Otho  R. 

Brurum,  C.  N. 

Gilfillan,  John  B. 

McMillin,  Benton. 

Skicner,  Thomas  G. 

Buchanan,  James. 

Glass,  P.  T. 

McRae,  Thomas  C. 

Smalls,  Robert. 

Buck,  John  R. 

Glover,  John  M. 

Mahoney,  Peter  P. 

Snyder,  Charles  P. 

Butmell,  Frank  C. 

Goff,  Nathan,  Jr. 

Markha'm,  H.  H. 

Sowden,  William  H. 

Burleigh,  Henry  G. 

Green,  Robert  S. 

Martin,  John  M. 

Spooner,  Henry  J. 

Burnes,  James  N. 

Green,  Wharton  J. 

Matson,  Courtland  C. 

Spriggs,  J.  Thomas. 

Burrows,  Julius  C. 

Grosvenor.  Charles  H. 

Maybury,  William  C. 

Springer,  William  M. 

Butterworth,  Benjamin. 

Grout,  William  W. 

Merriman,  Truman  A. 

Stahlnecker,  William  Q. 

Bynum,  William  1). 

Guenther,  Richard. 

Millard,  Stephen  C. 

Steele,  George  W. 

Cabell,  George  C. 

Hahn,  Michael. 

Miller,  James  F. 

Stephenson.  Isaac. 

Caldwell,  Andrew  J  . 

Hale,  John  B. 

Milliken,  Seth  L. 

Stewart,  Charles. 

Campbell,  Felix. 

Hall,  Benton  J. 

Mills,  Roger  Q. 

Stewart,  John  W. 

Campbell,  Jacob  M. 

Halsell,  John  E. 

Mitchell,  Charles  L. 

St.  Martin,  Louis. 

Campbell,  James  E. 

Hammond,  N.  J. 

Moffatt,  Seth  C. 

Stone,  Eben  F. 

Campbell,  Timothy  .!. 

Hanback,  Lewis. 

Morgan,  J.  B. 

Stone,  William  J. 

Candler,  Allen  D. 

Harmer,  Alfred  C. 

Merrill,  Edmund  N. 

Stone,  William  J. 

Cannon,  Joseph  G. 

Harris,  Henry  R. 

Morrison,  William  R. 

Storm,  John  B. 

Carleton,  Ezra  C. 

Hatch,  William  H. 

Morrow,  William  W. 

Strait,  Horace  B. 

Caswell,  Lucien  B. 

Hayden,  Edward  D. 

Muller,  Nicholas. 

Struble,  Isaac  S. 

Catchings,  Thomas  C. 

Haynes,  Martin  A. 

Murphy,  Jeremiah  1  1  . 

Swinburne,  John. 

Clardy,  Martin  L. 

Heard,  John  T. 

Neal,  John  R. 

Swope,  John  A. 

Clements,  Judson  C. 

Hemphill,  John  J. 

Xeece,  WTilliam  H. 

Symes,  George  G. 

Cobb,  Thomas  R. 

Henderson,  David  B. 

Negley,  James  S. 

Tarsney,  Timothv  E. 

Cole,  William  H. 

Henderson,  John  S. 

Nelson,  Knute. 

Taulbee,  W.  P. 

Collins,  Patrick  A. 

Henderson,  Thomas  .1. 

Norwood,  Thomas  M. 

Taylor,  Ezra  B. 

Corapton,  Barnes. 

Henley,  Barclay. 

Oates,  William  C. 

Taylor,  Isaac  H. 

Corastock,  Charles  (  '. 

Hepburn,  William  P. 

O'Donnel,  James. 

Taylor,  John  M. 

Conger,  Edwin  H. 

Herbert,  Hilary  A. 

O'Ferrall,  Charles  T. 

Taylor,  Zachary. 

Cooper,  William  C. 

Herman,  Binger. 

O'Hara,  James  E. 

Thomas,  John  R. 

Cowles,  William  H.  11. 

Hewitt,  Abram  S. 

O'Neill,  Charles. 

Thomas,  Ormsby  B. 

Cox,  William  R. 

Hiestand,  John  A. 

O'Neill,  John  J. 

Thompson,  Albert  C. 

('rain,  William  H. 

Hill,  William  D. 

(  )sborne,  Edwin  S. 

Throrkmorton.  James  W. 

Crisp,  Charles  F. 

Hires,  George. 

Outhwaite,  Joseph  H. 

Tillman,  George  D. 

Croxton,  Thomas. 

Hiscock,  Frank. 

Owen,  William  I). 

Townshend,  Richard  W. 

Culberson,  David  P>. 

Hitt,  Robert  R. 

Parker,  Abraham  X. 

Trigg,  Connelly  F. 

Curtin,  Andrew  G. 

Holman,  William  S. 

Payne,  Sereno  E. 

Tucker,  John  Randolph. 

Outcheon,  Byron  M. 

Holmes,  Adoniram  ,1. 

Payson,  Lewis  E. 

Turner,  Henry  G. 

Daniel,  John  W. 

Hopkins,  A.  J. 

Peel,  Samuel  W. 

Van  Eaton,  Henry  S. 

Dargan,  George  W. 

Houk.  Leonidas  C. 

Perkins,  Bishop  W. 

Van  Shaick,  Isaac  W. 

Davenport,  Ira. 

Howard,  Jonas  G. 

Perry,  William  H. 

Viele,  Egbert  L. 

Davidson,  Alexander  C. 

Hutton,  John  E. 

Peters,  Samuel  R. 

Wade,  William  H. 

Davidson,  Robert  H.  M. 

Irion,  Alfred  B. 

Pettibone,  Augustus  H. 

Wadsworth.  W.  H. 

Davis,  Robert  T. 

Jackson,  Oscar  L. 

Phelps,  William  W. 

Wait,  John  T. 

Dawson.  William. 

James,  Darwin  R. 

Pidcock,  James  N. 

Wakefield,  James  B. 

Dibble,  Samuel. 

Johnson,  Frederick  A. 

Pindar,  John  S. 

Ward,  James  H. 

Oingley,  Nelson,  Jr. 

Johnston,  James  T. 

Pirce,  William  A. 

Ward,  Thomas  B. 

Dockery,  Alexander  M. 

Johnston,  Thomas  I). 

Plumb,  Ralph. 

Warner,  A.  J. 

Dorsey,  George  W.  E. 

Jones,  James  H. 

Price,  William  T. 

Warner,  William. 

Dougherty,  Charles. 

Jones,  James  T. 

Pulitzer,  Joseph. 

Weaver,  Archibald  J. 

Dowdney,  Abram. 

Kelly,  William  D. 

Randall,  Samuel  J. 

Weaver,  James  B. 

Dunham,  Ransom  W. 

Ketcham,  John  H. 

Rankin,  Joseph. 

Weber,  John  B. 

Dunn,  Poindexter. 

King,  J.  Floyd. 

Kanney,  Ambrose  A. 

Wellborn,  Olin. 

Eden,  John  R. 

Kleiner,  John  J. 

Reagan.  John  H. 

West.  George. 

Eldredge,  Nathaniel  H. 

Laffoon,  Polk. 

Reed,  Thomas  B. 

Wheeler,  Joseph. 

Ellsberry,  William  W. 

La  Follette,  Robert  M. 

Reese,  Seaborn. 

White,  Alexander  ('. 

Ely,  Frederick  D. 

Laird,  James. 

Reid,  James  W. 

White,  Milo. 

Ennentrout,  Daniel. 
Evans,  I.  Newton. 

Landes,  Silas  Z. 
Lanham,  Samuel  W.  T. 

Rice,  William  W. 
Richardson,  J.  D. 

Whiting,  William 
Wilkins,  Beriah. 

Everhart,  James  B. 

Lawler,  Frank. 

Riggs,  James  M. 

Willis,  Albert  S. 

Farquhar,  John  M. 

Le  Fevre,  Benjamin. 

Robertson,  Thomas  A. 

Wilson,  W.  L. 

Felton,  Charles  N. 

Lehlbach.  Herman. 

Rockwell,  Francis  W. 

Winans,  Edwin  B. 

Findlay,  John  V.  L. 

Libbey,  Harry. 

Rogers,  John  H. 

Wise,  George  D. 

Fisher,  Spencer  0. 

Lindsley,  James  G. 

Romeis,  Jacob. 

Wolford,  Frank  L. 

Fleeger,  George  W. 

Little,  John. 

Rowell,  Jonathan  H. 

Woodburn,  William. 

Foran,  Martin  A. 

Long,  John  D. 

Ryan,  Thomas. 

Worth  ington,   Nicholas  Ii. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixxvii 


Territorial  Delegates. 

Bean,  Curtis  C.  Hailey,  John. 

Caine,  John  T.  Joseph,  Antonio. 

Carey,  Joseph  M.  Toole,  Joseph  K. 

Giffbrd,  Oscar  S.  Voorhees,  Charles  S. 

SECRETARIES  OF   THE  SENATE. 
Name  and  State.  Elected. 

Samuel  Ally ne  Otis,  Mass April    8,  1789. 

Charles  Cutts,  N.  H Oct.     11,1814. 

Walter  Lowrie,  Pa Dec.     12,1825. 

Asbury  Dickens,  N.  C Dec.     12,1836. 

John  W.  Forney,  Pa July    15,  1SC1, 

George  C.  Gorham,  Cala June     4,  1868. 

John  C.  Burch,  Tenn March  24.  1879. 

F.  E.  Shober,  (acting)  N.  C Oct.      25,  1881. 

Anson  G.  McCook,  N.  Y Dec.     18,  1883. 

CLEKKS   OF   THE   HOUSE   OF    REPRESENTA 
TIVES. 


Name  and  Slate. 


Elected. 


John  Beckley.  Va April  1,  1789. 

Jonathan  W.  Concly,  Pa May  15,  1797. 

John  Holt  Oswald,'  Pa Dec.  9,  1800. 

John  Beckley,  Va Dec.  7,  1801. 

Patrick  Magruder,   Md Oct.  26,  1807. 

Thomas  Dougherty,   Ky Jan.  30,1815. 

Matthew  S.  Clarke,  Pa Dec.  3,1822. 

WalterS.  Franklin,  Pa Dec.  2,  1833. 

Hugh  A.  Garland,  Va Dec.  3,1838. 

Matthew  S.  Clarke,  Pa May  31,1841. 

Caleb  J.  McNulty,  Ohio Dec.  6,  1843. 

Benjamin  B.  French,  N.  H Jan.  18,  1845. 

Thomas  J.  Campbell.  Tenn Dec.  7,  1847. 

Richard  M.  Young.  Ill April  17,  1850. 

John  W.  Forney,  Pa Dec.  1,1851. 

William  Cullom,  Tenn Feb.  4,  1856. 

James  C.  Allen,   111 Dec.  6,1857. 

John  W.  Forney.   Pa Feb.  3,1860. 

Emerson  Etheridge,   Tenn July  4,  1861. 

Edward  McPherson,  Pa Dec.  8,  1863. 

George  M.  Adams.   Ky Dec.  6,  1875. 

Edward  McPherson,    Pa Dec.  5,  1881. 

John  B.  Clark,  Jr..  Mo Dec.  4,  1883. 

THE  EXECUTIVE. 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
Number  and  Name.  Qualified. 

1.  George  Washington April   30,1789. 

George  Washington March   4,  1793. 

•2.  John  Adams March   4,1797. 

3.  Thomas  Jefferson March   4,1801. 

Thomas  Jefferson March    4,  1805. 

4.  James  Madison March    4,  1809. 

James  Madison March   4,  1813. 

5.  James  Monroe March   4,  1817. 

James  Monroe March    5,  18:21. 

6.  John  Quincy  Adams March   4,  1825. 

7.  Andrew  Jackson March   4,1829. 

Andrew  Jackson March   4,  1833. 

8.  Martin  Van  Buren March    4,1837. 

9.  William  H.  Harrison. 1 March   4,  1841. 

10.  John  Tyler April  6,  1841. 

11.  James  K.  Polk March  4,1845. 

12.  Zachary  Taylor.l March  5,  1849. 

13.  Millard  Fillmore July  9,1850. 

14.  Franklin  Pierce March  4,  1853. 

15.  James  Buchanan March  4,  1857. 

16.  Abraham  Lincoln March  4,  1861. 

Abraham  Lincoln. 1 March  4,  1865. 

17.  Andrew  Johnson April   15,  1865. 

18.  Ulysses  S.  Grant March  4,  1869. 

Ulysses  S.  Grant March  4,  1873. 


19.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes March    5,  1877' 

20.  James  A.  Garfield'.l March   4,  1881. 

21.  Chester  A.  Arthur Sept.    20,  1881. 

22.  Grover  Cleveland March   4,1885. 

1.   Died  in  office. 

SECRETARIES  OF   STATE. 

Number  and  Name.  Appointed. 

1.  Thomas  Jefferson Sept.    26,1789. 

Thomas  Jefferson March    4,  1793. 

2.  Edmnnd  Randolph Jan.       2,1794. 

3.  Timothy  Pickering Dec.     10,  1795. 

Timothy  Pickering March    4,  1797. 

4.  John  Marshall May    13,  1800. 

5.  James  Madison March   5,  1801. 

James  Madison March   4,  1805. 

6.  Robert  Smith March    6,1809. 

7.  James  Monroe April     2,  1811. 

James  Monroe March   4,  1813. 

8.  John  Quincy  Adams March   5,  1817. 

John  Quincy  Adams March   5,  1821. 

9.  Henry  Clay March   7,1825. 

10.  Martin  Van  Buren March   6,1829. 

11.  Edward  Livingston May     24,  1831. 

12.  Louis  McLane May     29,  1833. 

13.  John  Forsyth June    27,1834. 

JohnForsyth March    4,  1837. 

14.  Daniel  Webster March    5,1841. 

Daniel  Webster April     6,  1841. 

15.  HughS.  Legare May      9,1843. 

16.  Abel  P.  Upshur July     24,  1843. 

17.  John  C.  Calhoun March   6,1844. 

18.  James  Buchanan March   6,  1845. 

19.  John  M.  Clayton March   7,1849. 

Daniel  Webster July    22,  1850. 

20.  Edward  Everett Nov.      6,1852. 

21.  William  L.  Marcy March   7,1853. 

22.  Lewis  Cass March   6,  1857. 

23.  Jeremiah  S.  Black Dec.     17,  1860. 

24.  William  H.  Seward March   5,1861. 

William  H.  Seward March   4,  1865. 

William  H.  Seward April  15,  1865. 

25.  Elihu  B.  Washburne March   5,  1869. 

26.  Hamilton  Fish March  11,  1869. 

Hamilton  Fish March   4,  1873. 

1.7.  William  M.  Evarts March  12,  1877. 

28.  James  G.  Elaine March   5,  1881. 

29.  F.  T.  Frelinghuysen Dec.     12,  1881. 

30.  T.  F.  Bayard March    6,  1885. 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  TREASURY. 
Number  and  Name.  Appointed. 

1.  Alexander  Hamilton Sept.    11,1789. 

"        March   4,  1793. 

2.  Oliver  Walcott Feb.       2,  1795. 

"      March   4,  1797. 

3.  Samuel  Dexter Jan.       1,1801. 

4.  Albert  Gallatin May     14,  1801. 

"       March   4,  1809. 

"      March   4,  1813. 

5.  George  W.   Campbell Feb.       9,1814. 

6.  Alexander  J.  Dallas Oct.        6,  1814. 

7.  William  H.  Crawford Oct.      22,  1816. 

March  5,  1817. 

March  5,  1821. 

8.  Richard  Rush March  7,  1825. 

9.  Samuel  D.  Ingham March  6,  1829. 

10.  Louis  McLane Aug.  2,  1831. 

11.  William  J.  Duane May  29,1833. 

12.  Roger  B.  Tauey Sept.  23,  1833. 

13.  LevjWoodbury June  27,1834. 

"         March   4,  1837. 

14.  Thomas  Ewing March    5,  1841. 

"      April     6,  1841. 


Ixxviii 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


15.  Walter  Forward Sept.    13,1841. 

16.  John  C.  Spencer March   3,  1843. 

17.  George  M.  Bibb Tune    15,1844 

18.  Robert  J.  Walker March   6,1845 

19.  William  M.  Meredith March   8,1849. 

20.  Thomas  Corwin July     23,1850. 

21.  James  Guthrie March   7,1853 

22.  HowellCobb March   6,1853. 

•23.'  Philip  F.  Thomas Dec.     12,  I860. 

24.  John  A.  Dix Jan.     11,1861. 

25.  Salmon  B.  Chase March   7,  1861. 

26.  William  P.  Fessenden July      1,1864 

27.  Hugh  McCulloch March   7,1865 

"  "          April   15,  1865 

2a  GeorgeS.  Boutwell March  11,  1869 

29.  William  A.  Richardson March  17,  1873. 

30.  Benjamin  H.  Bristow June      4,  1874. 

31.  Lot  M.  Merrill July      7,1876. 

32.  John  Sherman March   8,  1877. 

33.  William  Windom March  5,  1881. 

34.  Charles  J.  Folger Oct.      27,1881. 

35.  Walter  R.  Gresham Oct.      24,  1884. 

36.  Hugh  McCulloch Oct.      28.1884. 

37.  Daniel  Manning March    6,  1885. 


SECRETARIES  OF  WAR. 


Number  and  Name. 


Appointed. 


2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 
8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 

13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 

36. 
37. 


Henry  Knox Sept.    12,  1789. 

"     March  4,  1793. 

Timothy  Pickering Jan.       2,  1795. 

James  McHenry Jan.     27,  1796. 

"        March   4,  1797. 

Samuel  Dexter May     13,  1800. 

Roger  Griswold Feb.       3,  1801. 

Henry  Dearborn March   5.  1801. 

"         March   4,  1805. 

William  Eustis March   7,  1809. 

John  Armstrong Jan.     13,  1813. 

March   4,  1813. 

James  Monroe.: Sept.    27,  1814. 

William  H.  Crawford Aug.      1,  1815. 

George  Graham ad  interim. 

John  C.  Calhoun Oct.        8,  1817. 

"        March    5,  1821. 

James  Barbour March  7,  1825. 

Peter  B.  Porter May     26,  1828. 

John  II.  Eaten March    9,  1829. 

Lewis  Cass Aug.      1,  1831. 

'    March   4,  1833. 

Joel  R.  Poinsett March   7,  1837. 

John  Bell March  5,  1841. 

'    April     6,  1841. 

John  C.  Spencer Oct.      12,  1841. 

James  M.  Porter March   8,  1843. 

William  Wilkins Feb.      15,  1844. 

William  L.  Marcy March   6,  1845. 

George  W.  Crawford March   8.  1849. 

Charles  M.  Conrad Aug.    15^  1850. 

Jeft'erson  Davis March    5,  1853. 

John  B.  Floyd March    6,  1857. 

Joseph  Holt Jan.     18,  1861. 

Simon  Cameron March   5,  1861. 

Edwin  M.  Stanton Jan.     15,  18G2. 

"      March    4,  1865! 

April  15,  1865. 

Ulysses  S.  Grant,  ad  int Aug.    12,  1867. 

Lorenzo  Thomas,      "     Feb.     21,  1868. 

John  M.  Schofield May    28,  1868. 

John  A.  Rawlins March  11,  1869. 

William  T.  Sherman Sept.      9,  1869. 

William  W.  Belknap Oct.     25,  1869. 

March- 4,  1873. 

Alphonso  Taft March   8,  1876. 

James  D.  Cameron May     22,  1876. 


38.  George  W.  McCrary March  12,  1877. 

39.  Alexander  Ramsey Dec.     10,  1879. 

40.  Robert  T.  Lincoln March   5,1881. 

41.  William  C.  Endicott March   6,1885. 


SECRETARIES   OF   THE   XAVY. 


Number  and  Name. 


Appointed. 


Benjamin  Stoddert May     21,  1798. 

"  March  4,  1801. 

Robert  Smith Inly  15,  1801. 

J.  Crowninshield March  3,  1V05. 

Paul  Hamilton March  7,  1809. 

William  Jones Jan.  12,  1813. 

"  March  4,  1813. 

B.  W.  Crowninshield Dec.  19,  1811. 

March  4,  1817. 

Smith  Thompson Nov.  9.  1818. 

March  5,  1821. 

Samuel  L.  Southard Sept.  16,  1823. 

'•  March  4,  182,1. 

John  Branch March  9,  1829. 

Levi  Woodbury May  23,  1831. 

March  4,  1833. 

Mahlon  Dickerson June  30,  1834. 

March  4,  1837. 

James  K.  Pauldin^ June  25,  1838. 

George  E.  Badger March  5,  1841. 

"  April  6,  1841. 

Abel  P.  Upshur Sept.  13,  1841. 

David  Hen.shaw July  24,  184:;. 

Thomas  W.  Gilnier Feb.  15,  1844. 

John  Y.  Mason March  14,  1844. 

George  Bancroft '.....March  10,  1845. 

John  Y.  Mason Sept.  9,  1846. 

William  B.  Preston March  8,  1849. 

William  A.  Graham July  22,  1850. 

John  P.  Kennedy Inly  22,  1852. 

James  C.  Dobbin March  7,  1853. 

Isaac  Toucey March  6,  1857. 

Gideon  Welles March  5,  1861. 

"  March  4,  1865. 

April  15,  1865. 

Adolph  E.  Borie March  5,  1869. 

George  M.  Kobeson June  25,  1869. 

"  March  4,  1873. 

Richard  W  Thompson ..Marchl2,  1877. 

Nathan  Goff,  Jr Jan.  6,  1881. 

William  H.  Hunt March  5,  1S81. 

William  E.  Chandler April  1,  1H82. 

William  C.  Whitney March  6,  1885. 


SECRETARIES  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


Number  and  Name. 


Appointed. 


1.  Thomas  Ewing March   8,  1849. 

2.  Alex.  H.  H.  Stuart Sept.    12,  1850. 

3.  Robert  McClelland March   7,1853. 

4.  Jacob  Thompson March   6,  1857. 

5.  Caleb  B.  Smith March   5,1861. 

6.  John  P.  Usher Jan.       8,  1863. 

March   4,  1865. 

April  15,  1865. 

7.  James  Harlan May     15,1865. 

8.  Orville  H.  Browning July    27,1866. 

9.  Jacob  D.  Cox March   5,  1869. 

10.  Columbus  Delano Nov.      1,  1870. 

"      March   4,  1813. 

11.  Zachariah  Chandler Oct.      19,1875. 

12.  Carl  Schurz March  12,  1877. 

13.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood March   5,1881. 

14.  Henry  M.  Teller April     6,1882. 

15.  L.  Q.  C.  Lamar March   6,  1885. 


TABULAK    liECORDb 


Ixxix 


POSTMASTEBS-GENEBAL. 
Number  and  Name.  Appointed. 

1.  Samuel  Osgood Sept.    26,1789. 

2.  Timothy  Pickering Aug.    12,1791. 

March   4^  179s! 

3.  Joseph  Habersham Feb.     25,  1795. 

March  4,  179?! 

March   4,  1801. 

4.  Gideon  Granger Nov.    28,  1801. 

March  4,  1805. 

March  4,  1809. 

6.  Return  J.  Meigs.  Jr Marchl7,  1814. 

March   4,  T817. 

March   5,  1821. 

6.  John  McLean hine    26,1823. 

March  4,  1825. 

7.  William  T.  Barry March   9,  1829. 

"     March  4,  1833. 

8.  Amos  Kendall May       1,1835. 

"       March   4,  1837. 

9.  John  M.  Niles May     25,  1840. 

10.  Francis  Granger March   6,1841. 

.  April     6,1841. 

11.  Charles  A.  Wicklifle Sept.    13,1841. 

12.  Cave  Johnson March   6,1845. 

13.  Jacob  Collamer March   8,1849. 

14.  Nathan  K.  Hall July    23,1850. 

15.  Samuel  D.  Hubbard Aug.    31,1852. 

1<>.  James  Campbell March   5,  1853. 

17.  Aaron  V.  Brown March   6,  1857. 

18.  Joseph  Holt Marchl4,  1859. 

19.  Horatio  King Feb.     12,  1861. 

20.  Montgomery  Blair March    5.  1861. 

21.  William  Dennison Sept.    24.  1864. 

"       March   4,  1865. 

"       April    15,  1865. 

22.  Alexander  W.  Randall Tuly     25,1866. 

23.  John  A.  J.  Creswell March   5,  1869. 

"        March   4.  1873. 

24.  James  W.  Marshall July      7,1874. 

25.  Marshall  Jewell Aug.  •  24,  1874. 

26.  James  N.  Tyner July     12,1876. 

27.  David  McK.  Key Marchl2,  1877. 

28.  Horace  Maynard June      2,  1880. 

29.  Thomas  L.  James March   5,1881. 

30.  Timothy  O.  Howe Dec.     20,1881. 

31.  Walter  Q.  Gresham April     3,  1883. 

32.  Frank  Hatton Oct.      14,1884. 

33.  William  F.  Vilas March   6,1885. 

ATTOBNEYS-GENEBAL. 
Number  and  Name.  Appointed. 

1.  Edmund  Randolph Sept.    26,1789. 

"         March   4.  1793. 

2.  William  Bradford Jan.     27,  1794. 

3.  Charles  Lee Dec.     10,1795. 

"  "  March   4,  1797. 

4.  Theophilus  Parsons Feb.     20,1801. 

5.  Levi  Lincoln March   5,1801. 

6.  Robert  Smith March   3.1805. 

7.  John  Kreckenrid^e Aug.       7,  1805 

8.  Cajsar  A.  Rodn  y Jan.     28,  180 

"  "     * March   4,  1809 

9.  William  Pinkney Dec.     11,1811, 

"  '•        March   4,  1813 

10.  Richard  Rush Feb.     10,1814 

"     March   4,  1817 

11.  William  Wirt Nov.    13,1817 

"  "    March   5,  1821 

"  "    March   4,  1825 

12.  John  M.  Bcrrien March   9,1829 

13.  Roger  B.  Tauey July    20,  1831 

"  "      March  4,  1833 

14.  Benjamin  F.  Butler Nov.     15,1833. 

"  "       March   4,  1837. 


29. 


30. 

31. 
32. 

:;:]. 
34. 

35. 
36. 

37. 

|  38. 
39. 
40. 


Felix  Grnndy  ............................  7uiy      5) 

Henry  D.  Gilpin  .......................  Jan.     11, 

John  J.  Crittenden  ....................  March   5, 

....................  April     6, 

Hugh  S.  Legare  ........................  Sept.    13, 

John  Nelson  .............................  juiy      ^ 

John  Y.  Mason  .........................  March   6, 

Nathan  Clifford  ........................  Oct.      17, 

Isaac  Toucey  ...........................  june    21, 

Reverdy  Johnson  ......................  March   8, 

John  J.  Crittenden  ...................  July    22 

Caleb  Cushing  ..........................  March   7, 

Jeremiah  S.  Black  .....................  March   6, 

Edwin  M.  Stanton  ....................  Dec.     20 

Edward  Bates  ...........................  March   5^ 

Titian  J.  Coffey,  adint  ..............  June    22, 

James  Speed  ............................  Dec.       2, 

............................  March   4, 

............................  April  15, 

Henry  Staubery  ........................  Juiy    23, 

William  M.  Evarts  ....................  July    15, 

E.  Rockwood  Hoar  ....................  March   5, 

Amos  T.  Akerman  ....................  June    23, 

George  H.  Williams  ..................  Dec.     14, 

"        ..................  March   4, 

Edward  Pierrepont  ....................  April  26, 

AlphonsoTaft  ..........................  May     22, 

Charles  Devens  .........................  March  12, 

Wayne  McVeagh  .......................  March   5, 

Benjamin  H.  Brewster  ...............  Dec.     19, 

A.  H.  Garland  ..........................  March   6, 


1840. 
1841 
1841. 
1841. 
i843. 
1845. 
1846 
1848. 
1849, 
1850 
L853. 
1857. 
1860. 
186l! 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
181)5. 
1806. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1873. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1881. 
1881. 
1885. 


• 


EXECUTIVE    OFFICERS    OF     THE     CIVIL 

SERVICE. 
[OFFICIALLY  PBEPAKED  FOB  THIS  VOLUME.] 

While  the  Constitution  specifies  no  man  as  an  ex 
ecutive  officer  excepting  the  President,  his  Cabinet 
Ministers  have  always  shared  the  title  with  him. 
The  real  executive  officers  of  the  General  Govern 
ment,  however,  are  the  chiefs  of  the  bureaus  of  the 
several  departments.  They  are  the  men,  moreover, 
with  whom  the  people  come  more  directly  in  contact 
while  attending  to  business  in  Washington.  Tin- 
following  is  an  authentic  list  of  such  officers  who 
have  held  appointments  since  the  foundation  of  the 
government.  And  here  the  compiler  desires  to  state 
that  where  the  date^  ;ire  omitted  it  is  because  the 
records  of  the  officers  are  incomplete;  and  also  that 
it  has  been  impossible  for  him  to  separate  the  date.s 
of  appointment  from  those  of  confirmation  by  the 
Senate,  several  months  having  occasionally  elapM-,1 
between  the  dates. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE. 
[Three  Assistant  Secretaries.] 

ASSISTANT  SECBETABIES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

A.  Dudley  Mann  ............................  March  23,  1853. 

William  Hunter  .............................  May      8,  1855. 

John  A.  Thomas  .............................  Nov.      1,  1855. 

John  Appleton  ..............................  April    4,  1857. 

Frederick  W.  Seward  .................  .....March   6,  1861. 

William  Hunter  ..............................  Tuly    27,  1866. 

J.  C.  Bancroft  Davis  ....................  March25,  1869. 

John  L.  Cadwalader  .........................  July      1,  1874. 

John   A.  Campbell  ..........................  Feb.     24,  1875 

Frederick  W.  Seward  ......................  Marchl6,  1877. 

Charles  Paysou  ..............................  June    11.  1878 

John  Hay  .....................................  Nov.      1,  1879. 

J.  C.  Bancroft  Davis  .......................  Dec.  19,  13H 

John  Davis  ....................................  July      8,  1882. 

Alvey  A.  Adee  ...............................  July    18,  1882. 

James  D.  Porter  .............................  May     20,  lBsf>. 


Ixxx 


TABULAE     RECORDS. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  TREASURY. 
[Two  Assistant  Secretaries.] 

ASSISTANT  SECEETABIES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Tench  Coxe. Sept.    11,  1789. 

(Office  abolished  June  30.  1792.) 

Charles  B.  Penrose March  12,  1849. 

Allen  A.  Hall Oct.      10,  1849. 

William  L.  Hodge Nov.     16,  1850. 

Peter  G.  Washington March   4,  1853. 

Philip  Clayton Marchl3,  1858. 

George  Harrington March  13,  1861. 

M.  W.  Field MarchlS,  1864. 

William  E.  Chandler June      5,  1865. 

JohnF.  Hartley June    11,  1865. 

Edmund  Cooper Nov.    20.  1867. 

William  A.  Richardso  > March,       1869. 

Frederick  A.  Sawyer Marchl9,  1873. 

Charles  F.  Conant July      1,  1874. 

Curtis  F.  Burnham May      4,  1875. 

Henry  F.  French Aug.      7,  1876. 

Richard  C.  McCormicl; April     3,  1877. 

John  B.  Hawley Dec.       9,  1877. 

J.  K.  Upton April     1,  1880. 

John  C.  New Feb.       2,  1882. 

Charles  S.  Fairchild MarchlS,  1885. 

William  E.  Smith Nov.    10,  1885. 

FIRST    COMPTROLLERS. 

Name.  Appointed. 

Nicholas  Eveleig'*  Sept.    11,1789. 

Oliver  Wolcott,  Jr June    17,  1791. 

Jonathan  Jackson Feb.     25,  1795. 

John  Davis June    26,  1795. 

John  Steele July      1,  1796. 

Gabriel  Duval Dec.     15,  1802. 

Richard  Rush Nov.    22,  1811. 

Ezekial  Bacon Feb.     11,  1814. 

Joseph  Anderson Feb.     28,  1815. 

George  Wolf. June    18,  1836. 

James  N.  Barker Feb.     23,  1838. 

WalterForward April     6,  1841. 

James  W.  McCulloch April     1,  1842. 

Elisha  Whittlesey May     31,  1849. 

William  Medill May      1   1857. 

Elisha  Whittlesey April  10,  186L 

Robert  W.  Taylor Jan.     14,  1863. 

Albert  G.  Porter March   5,  1878. 

WTilliam  Lawrence July     15,  1880. 

Milton  J.  Durham March  20,  1885. 

SECOND   COMPTROLLERS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Richard  Cutts March22,  1817. 

Isaac  Hill March  21,  1829. 

James  B.  Thornton July    14   1830. 

Albion  K.  Parris Aug.    2o'  1836' 

Hiland  Hall Nov.    29,  1850. 

E.  J.  Phelps Oct.        1,  1851. 

John  M.  Brodhead Feb.     14,  1853. 

James  M.  Cutts Oct.        9,  1857. 

John  M.  Brodhead June,          186:?. 

Cyrus  C.  Carpenter Jan.       7,  1876^ 

William  W.  Upton Oct.        1,  1877. 

Isaac  H.  Maynard June      1,  1885. 

TEEASUBEES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Samuel  Meredith Sept.  11,  1789. 

Thomas  T.  Tucker Jan.  1,  1801. 

Michael  Nourse,  ad  int May  3   1828. 

William  Clark July  l|  182s! 

John  Campbell July  1.  1829. 

William  Selden July  22'  1839 


William  B.  Randolph,  ad  int Nov.    24,  1850. 

John  Sloan Dec.       1,  1850. 

Samuel  Casey April     7,  1853. 

William  B.  Randolph,  ad  int Dec.     23.  1859. 

William  C.  Price April     4.  18KO. 

Francis  E.  Spinner '..Marchl6,  1861. 

John  C.  New June    30,  1875. 

A.  U.  Wyman July       I,  1876. 

James  Gilfillan July       1,  1877. 

A.  U.  Wvman Marchl5,  1883. 

Conrad  N.  Jordan April   22,  1885. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF   CUSTOMS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Charles  H.  Rockwell March  16,  1849. 

Hugh  J.  Anderson March  23,  1853. 

Samuel  Ingham Feb.       3,  1858. 

Nathan  Sargent May     14,  1861. 

William  F.  Haines June   29,  1871. 

Henry  C.  Johnson April     8,  1874. 

JohnS.  McCalmont April     3,  1885. 

FIRST     AUDITORS. 

Name,.  Appointed. 

Oliver  Wolcott,  Jr Sept.  11,  1789. 

William  Smith,  Jr July  16,  1791. 

Richard  Harrison Nov.  29,  1791. 

Jesse  Miller Dec.  27,  1836. 

Tully  R.  Wise June  17,  184'?. 

William   Collins July  24,  1844. 

JohnC.  Clarke Aug.  2,  1849. 

Thomas  L.  Smith Oct.  31,  1849. 

David  W.  Mahon Dec.  11,  1871. 

Robert  M.  Reynolds April  16,  1878. 

James  Q.  Chenowcth May  1,  1885. 

SECOND   AUDITORS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

William  Lee March   6,  1817. 

William  B.  Lewis March  19,  1830. 

John  McCalla March  29,  1845. 

Philip  Clayton April     9.  1849. 

Thomas  J.  D.  Fuller Feb.       3,  1858. 

EzraB.  French Aug.      7,  1861. 

Orange  Ferris May     10,  1880. 

William  A.  Day June    19,  1885. 

THIRD  AUDITORS. 

Name.  Appointed. 

Peter  Hagner March   6,  1817. 

JohnS.  Gallaher Oct.      22,  1849. 

Francis  Burt April     6,  1853. 

Robert  J.  Atkinson Aug.    28,  1854. 

Elijah  Sells July    18,  18'!4. 

John  Wilson Oct.      28,  18G4. 

Allan  Rutherford April  21,  1871. 

Horace  Austin Jan.       7,  1876. 

Edwin  W.  Keightley May      1,  1879. 

John  S.  Williams May       1,  1885. 

FOURTH    AUDITORS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

William  Winder July  16,  1798. 

Thomas  Turner Jan.,  1800. 

Constant  Freeman Feb.,  1816. 

William  P.  Van  Ness May  26,  1824. 

Tobias  Watkins Jan.  3,  1825. 

Amos  Kendall May  10,  1830. 

JohnC.  Pickett Jan.  5,  1836. 

Aaron  O.  Dayton ...June  9,  1838. 

A.  J.  O'Bannon March    1,  1859. 

Taliaferro  Hunter Aug.  15,  1860. 

Hobart  Berrian May  4,  1861. 

Stephen  J.  W.  Tabor June  1,  1863. 

Charles  Beardsley Aug.  7,  1879. 

Charles  M.  Shelly May  11.  1885. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixxxi 


FIFTH    AUDITORS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Stephen  Pleasanton March   6,  1817. 

Josiah  Minot March   3,  1855. 

Murray  McConnell Aug.      1,  1855. 

Bartholomew  Fuller March   1,  1859. 

John  C.  Underwood July    31,  1861. 

Charles  M.  Walker Aug.    31,  1863. 

H.  D.  Barren April  20,  1869. 

J.  H.   Ela Dec.     19,  1871. 

De  Alva  S.  Alexander June      2,  1881. 

Anthony  EickholF July    28,  1885. 

SIXTH   AUDITORS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Charles  K.  Gardner July      2,  1836. 

Elisha  Whittlesey Marchl9,  1841. 

Matthew  S.  Clark Dec.     19,  1843. 

Peter G.  Washington March  26,  1845. 

John  W.  Farrelly Nov.      5,  1849. 

William  F.  Phillips April     7,  1853. 

Thomas  M.  Tate Oct.        1,  1857. 

Green  Adams April   17,  1861. 

Elijah  Sells Oct.      26,  1864. 

Isaac  N.  Arnold , April  29,  1865. 

Hugh  J.  Anderson Sept.    26,  1866. 

John  J.  Martin April   19,  1869. 

C.  C.  Sheets March  11,  1875. 

J.  M.  McGrew July      1,  1875. 

Jacob  H.  Ela June      2,  1881. 

Daniel  McConville March  26,  1885. 

REGISTERS. 

Name.  Appointed. 

Joseph  Nourse Sept.    11,  1789. 

Thomas  L.  Smith June      1,  1829. 

Ransom  H.  Gillett April     1,1845. 

Daniel  Graham June      4,  1847. 

Allen  A.  Hall April     9,  1849. 

Townsend  Halues Feb.     13,  1850. 

Nathan   Sargent Nov.      1,  1851. 

Finley  Bigger -. April  20,  1853. 

L.  E.  Chittenden April  17,  1861. 

Stoddard  B.  Colby .....Aug.    12,1864. 

Noah  L.  Jeffries Sept.      3,  1867. 

John  Allison April     3,  1869. 

GlenniW.  Scofield March  28,  1878. 

Blanche  K.  Bruce May     19,  1881. 

W.  S.  Rosecrans June      4,  1885. 

COMPTROLLERS  OF  THE   CURRENCY. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Hugh  McCulloch May       9,  1863. 

Freeman  Clarke March   9,  1865. 

Hiland  R.  Hulburd Feb.       6,  1867. 

John  Jay  Kiiox April  25,  1882. 

Henry  W.  Cannon May      2,  1884. 

SOLICITORS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Virgil  Maxey May     20,  1830. 

Henry  D.  Gilpin Sept.    25,  1837. 

Matthew  Birchard Jan.     19,1840. 

Charles  B.  Penrose Sept.    19,  1841. 

Seth  Barton March  25,  1845. 

Ransom  H.  Gillett May     27,  1847. 

John  C.  Clark July    23,  1850. 

George  F.  Comstock Nov.    15,  1852. 

F.  B.  Streeter Jan.     23,  1854. 

Junios  Hillyer .Dec.       1,  1857. 

Edward  Jordan March  28,  1861. 

Bluford  Wilson June    22,  1874. 

George  F.  Talbot .% July    24,  1876. 

Kenneth  Rayner June    30,  1877. 

Alexander  McCue April     2,  1885. 


COMMISSIONERS  OF   INTERNAL   REVENUE. 

Name.  Appointed. 

George  S.  Boutwell July     17,  1862. 

Joseph  J.  Lewis March   4,  1863. 

William  Orton July       1,  1865. 

Edward  A.  Rollins Nov.      1,  1865. 

Columbus  Delano March   5,  1869. 

John  W.  Douglass Aug.      8,  1871. 

D.  D.  Pratt , May       4,  1875. 

Green  B.  Raum Aug.      2,  1876. 

Walter  Evans May    21,  1883. 

Joseph  S.  Miller March  18,  1885. 

DIRECTORS  OF   THE   MINT. 

Name.  Appointed. 

David  Rittenhouse July,  1792. 

Henry  W.  De  Saussure July,  1795. 

Elias  Boudinot Oct.,  1795. 

Robert  Patterson July,  1805. 

Samuel  Moore July,  1824. 

Robert  M.  Patterson July,  1835. 

George  N.  Eckert July,  1851. 

Thomas  M.  Pettit April,  1853. 

James  R.  Snowden June,  1853. 

Henry  R.  Linderman April  1,  1867. 

James  Pollock April,  1869. 

Horatio  C.  Burchard Feb.,  1879. 

James  P.  Kimball June    27,  1885. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  WAR. 

ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Thomas  A.  Scott March,       1861. 

P.  H.  Watson Jan.     22,  1862. 

John  Tucker Jan..  27,  1862. 

C.  P.  Wolcott Sept.      1,  1862. 

Charles  A.  Dana March   1,  1864. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY. 

ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Gustavus  V.  Fox July     31,  1861. 

William  Faxon June      1,  1866. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

ASSISTANT  SECRETAEIES. 
Name.  Appointed. 

John  P.  Usher March  20,  1862. 

William  F.  Otto Jan.     28,  1863. 

Benjamin  R.  Coweu April  17,  1871. 

Charles  T.  Gorharn March  10,  1876. 

Alonzo  Bell April     9,  1877. 

M.  L.  Joslyn July    28,  1882. 

Henry  L.  Muldrow  (First  Assistant)...  July       1,  1885. 
George  A.  Jenks July      1,  1885. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  PATENTS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Henry  L.  Ellsworth July      4,  1836. 

Edmund  Burke May      5,  1845. 

Thomas  Ewbank May      9,  1849. 

Silas  H.  Hodges Nov.      1,  1852. 

Charles  Mason March  24,  1853. 

Joseph  Holt Sept.      9,  1857. 

William  D.  Bishop May      7,  1859. 

Philip  F.  Thomas Feb.     15,  1860. 

David  P.  Holloway March  28,  1861. 

Thomas  C.  Theaker Aug.    15,  1865. 

Elisha  Foote July    28,  1868. 

SamuelS.  Fisher May      1,  1869. 

Mortimer  D.  Leggett Jan.     16,  1871. 

John  M.  Thacher Nov.      1,  1874. 


-  Ixxxii 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


R.  Holland  Duell Oct.        1,  1875 

Ellis  Spear Jan.     30,  1877 

HalbertE.  Paine Nov.       1,  1878 

Edgar  M.  Marble May       7,  It-" 

Benjamin  Butterworth Oct.      26,  1883 

M.  V.  Montgomery March  20,  1885 

»  COMMISSION* KKS   OF   PENSION'S. 

Name.  Appointed. 

James  L.  Edwards March   3,  1833 

JamesE.  Heath Nov.    27,  1850 

Loren  P.  Waldo March  17,  1853 

Josiah  Minot Aug.      1,  1855 

George  C.  Whit  ins; Jan.      19,  1857, 

Joseph  H.  Barrett April  15,  1861. 

Christopher  C.  Cox July    28,  1868. 

Henry  Van  Aernam May       1,  1869. 

James  H.  Baker April  20,  1871. 

Henry  M.  Atkinson March  26,  1875. 

Charles  R.  Gill Feb.     10,  1876. 

John  A.  Bentley March  28,  1876. 

William  W.  Dudley June    27,  1881. 

John  C.  Black '. March  10,  1885. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF   THE   GENERAL    LAND   OFFICE. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Edward  Tiffin May       7,  1812. 

Josiah  Meigs Oct.      11,  1814. 

John  McLean Sept.    11,  1822. 

George  Graham June    26,  1823. 

Elijah  Hayward Sept.    30,  1830. 

Ethan  A.  Brown July     24,  1835. 

James  Whitcomb Oct.      21,  1836. 

Elisha  M.  Hunting-ton July       2,  1841. 

Thomas  H.  Blake.. May     19,  1842. 

James  Shields April  16,  1845. 

Richard  M.  Young Jan.       6,  1847. 

Justin  Butterfield July       1,  1849. 

John  Wilson Sept.    16,  1852. 

Thomas  A.  Hendrirks Aug.       8,  1855. 

Samuel  A.  Smith Oct.      13,  1859. 

Joseph  S.  Wilson Feb.     23,  1860. 

James  M.  Edmunds March  19,  1861. 

Josephs.  Wilson Sept.      1,  1866. 

Willis  Drummond Feb.       4,  1871. 

SamuelS.  Burdett July       ij  1874. 

James  A.  Williamson June    24,  1876. 

Noah  C.  McFarland Tune    17,  1881. 

William  A.  J.  Sparks March  26,  1885. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  EDUCATION. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Henry  Barnard March  14,  1867 

John  Eaton Marchl6,  1870. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF   RAILROADS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Theophilus  French Tulv       j   5973 

W.  H.  Armstrong Feb.       9J  1882! 

Joseph  E.  Johnston April     2   1885 

COMMISSIONERS  OF   INDIAN   AFFAIRS. 
Name.  Appointed. 

Elbert  Herring ju]y    10)  1832 

Carey  A   Harris Iuly      4   183(J 

i.  Hartley  Crawford Oct.     22   1838 

William  Medill Oct.      28,  1815 

Orlando  Brown May     31    1849 

^  Lw'Vr Jul^      1»  185°- 

George  W.  Manypenny March  24.  1853 

James  W.  Denver April   17,  1857' 

paries  E.  Mix )une  H  less! 

James  W.  Denver ^ov.      g  1858 

Alfred  B.  Greenwood May       4*  1859 


William  P.  Dole March  13,  1861. 

Dennis  N.  Cooley July     10,  1865. 

Lewis  V.  Bogy v Nov.       1,  1866. 

Nathaniel  G.  Taylor March  29,  1867. 

ElyS.  Parker April   21,  1869. 

Francis  A.  Walker Nov.    21,  1871. 

Edward  P.  Smith March  20,  1873. 

John  Q.  Smith Dec.     11,  1875. 

Ezra  A.  Hayt Sept.    27,  1877. 

Rowland  E.  Trowbridge March  15,  1880. 

Hiram  Price May      4,  1881. 

John  D.  C.  Atkins March  20,  1885. 

SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  THE  CENSUS. 
Name..  Appointed. 

Joseph  C.  G.  Kennedy.... 1850. 

James  D.  B.  DeBow March,       1853. 

Joseph   C.  G.  Kennedy Tune      1,  I860. 

Francis  A.  Walker.... Feb.       7,  1870. 

"       April     1,  1879! 

Charles  W.  Seaton Nov.       1,  1881. 

DEPARTMENT  OF   JUSTICE. 
[Three  Assistant  Attorneys-General.] 

ASSISTANT  ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 
Fame.  Appointed. 

Alfred  B.  McCalmont March,  1859. 

Titian  J.  Coney March,  186l! 

J.  HubleyAshton May,  1864. 

John  M.  Binckley 18G7. 

J.  HubleyAshton Inly,  1868. 

T.  Lyle  Dickey July,  1868! 

Walbridge  A.  Field 1869. 

Thomas  H.  Talbot 1869 

Clement  H.  Hill ]S7<Y 

Walter  H.  Smith is7l! 

William  McMichael 1871. 

John  Goforth j  873 

John  Cessna 1875. 

Thomas  Simons 1875 

Edwin  B.  Smith 1875. 

Augustus  S.  Gaylonl 1875. 

E.  M.  Marble 1877! 

A.  A.  Freeman 1877 

Joseph  K.   McCammon 1880. 

William  A.  Maury 1882. 

Robert  A.  Howard 1885. 

SOLICITORS-GENERAL. 

Name. 

Benjamin  H.  Bristo\v 

Samuel  F.  Phillips 

John  Goode.... 


Appointed. 

1870. 
1872. 

1885. 


DEPARTMENT  OF   THE  POST  OFFICE. 
FIRST  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 


Name. 

Seth  Pease \.... 

Abraham  Bradley,  Jr.... 

Phineas  Bradley 

Charles  K.  Gardner 

3elah  R.  Hobbie 

S.  D.  Jacobs...^ 

Selah  R.  Hobbie 

ioratio  King , 

fohnA.  Kasson 

Alexander  W.  Randall.. 
St.  John  B.  L.  Skinner. 

eorge  Earle 

Tames  W.  Marshall 

Fames  H.  Marr,  ad  int... 
James  W.  Marshall... 


Appointed. 

1816. 
1817. 
1818. 
1829. 
1836. 
1851. 
1853. 
1854. 
.1861. 
1862. 
1866. 
1869. 
1869. 
1874. 
1874. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


James  N.  Tyner , 

Frank  Hatton 

A  dial  E.  Stevenson. 


187;'}. 
1881. 
1885. 


SECOND   ASSISTANT  POSTMASTERS  GENERAL. 


Name. 

Selah  R.  Hobble 

Robert  Johnson 

PhiloC.  Fuller 

John  C.  Bryan 

J.  W.  Tyson 

X.  M.   Miller 

William  Medill 

William  J.  Brown.... 
Fitz  Henry  Warren.. 
William  H.  Dundas.. 
George  W.  McLellan. 

Giles  A.  Smith 

John  L.  Routt 

James  N.  Tyner 

Thomas  J.  Brady 

Richard  A.  Elmer 

A.  Leo  Knott 


Appointed. 

1829. 
1836. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1845. 
1851. 
1852. 
1861. 
1869. 
1871. 
1875. 
1876. 
1881. 
1885. 


THIRD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTERS-GEVEKAL 

Name.  Appoiii 

Daniel  Coleman  .............................. 

John  S.  Skinner  ............................ 

N.  M.  Miller  .................................. 

John  Marron  ................................. 

Alexander  N.  Zevelv  ....................... 

'W.  H.  H.  Terrell  ........................... 

Edward  W.  Barber  .......................... 

A.  D.  Hazen  .................................. 


183fi. 
1841. 
1845. 

1859. 
1*69. 
1873. 

1877. 


PAY    TABLE    OF    THE    LEADING    CIVIL 
OFFICERS. 

President  of  the  United  States,  per  annum,  $50,000. 

Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  per  annum, 
$8,000. 

Cabinet  Ministers,  per  annum,  $8,000. 

Chief  Justice  Supreme  Court,  per  annum,  $10,500. 

Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  per  annum.  $10,000. 

Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  with 
mileage,  per  annum.  §5,000. 

Speaker  House  of  Representatives,  with  mileage, 
per  annum,  $8,000. 

Secretary  of  the  Senate,  per  annum,  $5,000. 

Clerk  House  of  Representatives,  per  annum, 
$5.000. 

Assistant  Secretaries  of  Departments,  per  annum, 
$3.500  to  $4.500. 

Head  of  Bureaus,  per  annum,  $3,000  to  $6,000. 

Superintendent  Coast  Survey,  per  annum,  $6,000. 

Judges  District  of  Columbia,  per  annum,  $3,000. 

Secretary  Smithsonian  Institution,  per  annum, 
$4.000. 

Ministers  Plenipotentiary  to  Great  Britain,  France, 
Germany,  and  Russia,  per  annum,  $17,500. 

Ministers  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain,  Austria,  China, 
Italy,  Mexico.  Brazil,  and  Japan,  per  annum,  $12,000. 

Ministers  Resident  and  Plenipotentiary  to  Chili, 
Peru,  Uruguay,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras. 
Nicaragua,  and  Salvador,  per  annum,  $10,000. 

Ministers  Resident  to  Portugal,  Belgium,  Nether 
lands,  Denmark,  Sweden  and  Norway,  Switzerland, 
Turkey,  Hawaiian  Islands,  Hayti.  Columbia,  Vene 
zuela,  Ecuador,  Argentine  Republic,  Paraguay,  Bolivia 
and  Greece,  per  annum,  $7,500. 

Interpreter  and  Secretary  of  Legation  to  China, 
per  annum,  $5,000. 

1  >ragoman  and  Secretary  of  Legation  to  Turkey, 
per  annum,  $3,000 


Consul-General  to  Cairo,  per  annum,  $4,000. 

Consuls-General  to  London,  Paris,  Havana,  and 
Rio  Janeiro,  per  annum,  $6,000. 

Consuls-General  to  Calcutta  and  Shanghai,  per  an 
num,  $5,000. 

Consul-General  to  Melbourne,  per  annum,  $4,500. 
.  Consuls-General  to  Kanagawa,  Montreal,  and  Ber 
lin,  per  annum,  $4,000. 

Consuls-General  to  Vienna,  Frankfort,  Rome,  and 
Constantinople,  per  annum,  $3,000. 

Consuls-General  to  Turkey  and  Egypt,  per  annum, 
$3,500. 

Consuls-General  to  St.  Petersbui^  and  Mexico,  per 
annum,  $2,000. 

Consul-General  to  Liverpool,  per  annum,  $(i,000. 

Secretaries  of  Legation,  from  $1,500  to  $2,625. 

Consuls  from  $1,000  to  $7,000. 

With  regard  to  the  Postmasters,  Collectors  of  the 
Revenue,  Territorial  Governors  and  Judges,  and 
other  officers  employed  throughout  the  country,  they 
are  too  numerous  to  be  designated  in  this  place. 

THE  JUDICIARY. 

Tlie  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  Stales. 

(Eight  Associate  Justices.) 

CHIEF  JUSTICES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Numc.  Ti'rm  uf  scrri'-c. 

John  Jay 1789-1795 

John  Rutledge 1795 

Oliver  Ellsworth 1795-1799 

John  Marshall 1801-1835 

Roger  Brooke  Taney 1 836-1 8'>4 

Salmon  Portland  Chase ..18<;4-1873 

Morrison  R.  Waite 1874- 

ASSOCIATE  JUSTICES  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 
Name.  T<  rm  of  service. 

John  Rutledge 1789-1791 

William  Gushing 1789-1810 

James  Wilson 1789-1798 

John  Blair 1789-1796 

Robert  H.  Harrison 1789-1790 

James  Iredell 1790-1799 

Thomas  Johnson 1"  9 1-1793 

William  Patterson 1793-1808 

Samuel  Chase 1796-1811 

Bushrod  Washington 1798-1821) 

Alfred  Moore 1799-1804 

WTilliam  Johnson 1804-1834 

Brockholst  Livingston 1806-1 823 

Thomas  Todd 1807-1826 

Gabriel  Dnval 1811-1836 

Joseph  Story 1811-1845 

Smith  Thompson 1823-1843 

Robert  Trimble 1826-1828 

John  McLean 1829-1861 

Henry  Baldwin 1830-1846 

James  M.  Wayne 1835-1867 

Philip  P.  Barbour 1836-1841 

JohnCatron 1837-1865 

John  McKinley 1837-1852 

Peter  V.  Daniel 1841-1860 

Samuel  Nelson 1845-1872 

Levi  Woodbury 1845-1851 

Robert  C.  Grier 1846-1870 

Benjamin  R.  Curtis 1851-1857 

John  A.  Campbell 1853-1861 

Nathan  Clifford 1858-1881 

Noah  H.  Swayne 1862-1881 

Samuel  F.  Miller 1862- 

David  Davis 18C2-1877 


Ixxxiv 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Stephen  J   Fidel  

1863- 

Duval,  Thomas  H. 

Lucas,  John  B.  C. 

Edwin  VI   Stanton  

1869 

Dyer,  Charles  E. 

Marchant,  Henry. 

1870-1880 

Dyer,  John  J. 

Marvin,  William. 

Joseph  P  Bradley 

1870- 

Edwards,  Fieirepout. 

Mason,  John  Y. 

Ward  Hunt 

1873-188:? 

Erskine,  John. 

McCaleb,  Thomas  H. 

John  M   Harlan  

1877- 

Field,  Richard  S. 

McCandless,  Wilson. 

'William   R    "Wnnrfa 

1880- 

Fisher.  John. 

McCormick,  A.  P. 

1881- 

Foster,  Cassius  G. 

McCoy,  Henry  K. 

1882- 

Fox,  Edward. 

McDonald,  David. 

1882- 

Frazer,  Philip. 

McGrath.  A.  G. 

Gaillard,  Theodore. 

McNairy,  John. 

JUDGES  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES  CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

Gayle,  John. 

McQueen,  Mclntosh. 

Bassett,  Richard. 

Kilty,  William. 

Gholson,  Samuel  J. 

Miller,  Andrew  J. 

Baxter,  John. 

Lee,  Charles. 

Gibbons,  Thomas. 

Monroe,  Thomas  B. 

Bee,  Thomas. 

Lowell,  John. 

Giles,  William  E. 

Morrill,  Amos. 

Benson,  Egbert. 

Lowell,  John. 

Gilchrist,  Robert  B. 

Morris,  Robert. 

Bond,  Hugh  L. 

McAllister,  Matt.  H. 

Glenn,  Elias. 

Morris,  Thomas  J. 

Bourne,  Benjamin. 
Brewer,  David  J. 

McClung,  William. 
McCrary,  George  W. 

Gresham,  Walter  Q. 
Griffin,  Cyrus. 

Nelson,  Reusseluer  R. 
Nelson,  Thomas  L. 

Clay,  Joseph,  Jr. 

McKennon,  William. 

Haight,  Fletcher  M. 

Nicoll,  John  C. 

Colt,  Le  B.  B. 

Magill,  Charles. 

Hall,  Dominick  A. 

Nixon,  John  T. 

Cranch,  William. 

Marshall,  James. 

Hall,  Nathan  K. 

Ogier,  Isaac  S.  K. 

Dillon,  John  F. 

Morsell,  James  S. 

Hall,  Willard. 

Paca,  William. 

Drummond,  Thomas. 

Parclee,  Don  A. 

Hallett,  Moses. 

Paine,  Elijah. 

Duckett,  Allen  B. 

Potter,  Henry. 

Hallyburton,  James  D. 

Parker,  Isaac  C. 

Dunlop,  William. 

Sawyer,  Lorenzo. 

Hammond,  Eli  S. 

Parker,  Thomas. 

Emmons,  Halmer  H. 

Shipley,  George  F. 

Harper,  Samuel  H. 

Parris.  Albion  K. 

Fitzhugh,  Nicholas. 

Sitgreaves,  John. 

Harvey,  Matthew. 

Paul,  John. 

Gaillard,  Theodore. 

Smith,  Jeremiah. 

Hay,  George. 

Peck,  J.  H. 

Gresham,  Walter  Q. 

Taylor,  George  K. 

Heath,  Upton  S. 

Pendleton,  Edmund. 

Griffith,  William. 

Thruston,  Buckner. 

Hill,  Robert  A. 

Peunington,  W.  S. 

Hall,  Dominick  A. 

Tilghman,  William. 

Hill,  William  H. 

I'ennybacker,  Isaac  S. 

Harris,  Edward. 

Wallace,  William  J. 

Hillyer,  Edgar  W. 

Peters,  Richard. 

Hitchcock,  Samuel. 

Wolcott,  Oliver. 

Hitchcock,  Samuel. 

Pickering,  John. 

Ingersoll,  Jared. 

Woodruff,  Lewis  B. 

Hobart,  John  S. 

Pinckney,  Thomas. 

Johnson,  Thomas. 

Woods,  William  B. 

Hoffman,  Ogden. 

Pitman,  John. 

Key,  Philip  Barton. 

Holman,  Jesse  L. 

Poindexter,  George. 

Holmes,  John. 

Pope,  Nathaniel. 

JUDGES    OF  THE   UNITED 

STATES    DISTRICT    COURTS. 

Hopkins,  James  C. 

Potter,  Henry. 

Acheson,  Marcus  W. 

Bullock,  James  R. 

Hopkinson,  Francis. 

Prentiss,  Samuel. 

Adams,  George. 

Bunn,  Romanzo  E. 

Hopkinson,  Joseph. 

Randall,  Archibald. 

Allen,  Richard  C. 

Busteed,  Richard. 

Houston,  James. 

Randall,  T. 

Baldwin,  Alex.  W. 

Butler,  Richard. 

Howell,  Daniel. 

Randolph,  Peter. 

Ballard,  Bland. 

Byrd,  Charles  W. 

Hughes,  Robert  W. 

Read,  Jacob. 

Barbour,  Philip. 

Cadwalader,  John. 

Huntington,  Elisha  M. 

Ringo,  Daniel. 

Barnes,  David  L. 

Caldwell,  Alexander. 

Inn  is,  Harry. 

Rives,  Alexander. 

Barr,  John  W. 

Caldwell,  Henry  C. 

Irwin,  Thomas. 

Rossell,  William. 

Bee,  Thomas. 

Cameron,  John  A. 

Jackson,  John  J.,  Jr. 

Sabin,  Chauncey  M. 

Bedford,  Gunning. 
Benedict,  Charles  L. 

Campbell,  J.  W. 
Carmack,  Samuel  W. 

Johnson  Benjamin. 
Johnson,  Thomas. 

Sabin,  George  M. 
Sage,  George  R. 

Betts,  Samuel  R. 

Carpenter,  George  M. 

Jones,  J.  M. 

Serrell,  David. 

Biggs,  Asa. 

Chipman,  Nathaniel. 

Jones,  Obadiali. 

Settle,  Thomas. 

Billings,  Edward  C. 

Clark,  Daniel. 

Jones,  William  G. 

Seymour,  Augustus  S. 

Bland,  Theodoric. 

Clay,  Joseph,  Jr. 

Jordan,  Dillon.  Jr. 

Sherburne,  John  S. 

Blatchford,  Samuel. 

Colt,  Le  Barron  B. 

Judson,  Andrew  T. 

Sherman,  Charles  T. 

Blodgett,  Henry  W. 

Conkling,  Alfred. 

Kane,  John  K. 

Shields,  William  B. 

Boarman,  Aleck. 

Coxe,  Alfred  O. 

Key,  David  M. 

Shipman,  Nathaniel. 

Bond,  Hugh  L. 

Crawford,  Thomas  H. 

Knowles,  John  P. 

Shiras,  Oliver  P. 

Bourne,  Benjamin. 

Creighton,  William,  Jr. 

Krekel,  Arnold. 

Simpson,  Josiah. 

Boyce,  Henry. 
Boynton,  Thomas  J. 

Cuyler,  Jeremiah. 
Daniel,  Peter  V. 

Lacey,  Thomas  J. 
Lane,  George  W. 

Sitgreaves,  John. 
Skinner,  Roger. 

Boyle,  John. 
Bradford,  Edward  G. 

Davie,  William  R. 
Davies,  William. 

Laurance,  John. 
Law,  Richard. 

Smalley,  David  A. 
Smith,  Caleb  B. 

Brearley,  David. 
Breckenridge  H.  M. 
Bristol,  William. 
Brockenbrough,  J.  W. 

Davis,  John. 
Deady,  Matthew  P. 
Delahay,  Mark  W. 
Dick,  John. 

Lawrence,  Philip  K. 
Lawrence,  William  W. 
Lea,  John  M. 
Leake,  Walter. 

Smith,  Joseph  L. 
Speer,  Emory. 
Sprague,  Peleg. 
Sprigg,  William. 

Brockenbrough.  W.  H. 
Bronson,  Isaac  H. 
Brooks,  George  W. 

Dick,  Robert  P. 
Dickerson,  Philemon. 
Douglass,  Samuel  I. 

Leavitt,  Humphrey  H. 
Lee,  Thomas. 
Lewis,  William, 

Stephens,  William. 
Stewart,  Alexander. 
Stokes,  John. 

Brown,  Addison. 
Brown,  Henry  B. 

Dray  ton,  John. 
Drayton,  William. 

Livingston,  Broekholst. 
Locke,  James  W. 

Storey,  William. 
Sullivan,  John. 

Brown,  Morgan  W. 
Bruce,  John. 
Bryan,  George  S. 

Duane,  James. 
Dundy,  Elmer  S. 
Durell,  Edward  H. 

Longyear,  John  W. 
Love,  James  M. 
Lowell,  John. 

Swing,  Philip  B. 
Tait,  Charles. 
Tallmadge,  Mathias  B. 

TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Ixxxv 


Thomas,  Jesse  B. 
Thompson,  John. 
Tompkins,  Daniel  D. 
Touliuiu,  Mam . 
Towles,  Thomas. 
Treat,  Sauniel  H. 
Trigg,  Connolly  F. 
Trimble,  Robert. 
Troup,  Robert.. 
Tucker,  St.  George. 
Turner,  Ezekiel  B. 
Tyler,  John. 
Underwood,  John  C. 
Van  Ness,  William  P. 
Wales,  Leonard  E. 


Walker,  John  II. 
Ware,  Ashur. 
Watrous,  John  C. 
Webb,  Nathan. 
Welker,  Martin. 
Wells,  Robert  W. 
Wheeler,  Hoyt  H. 
Wilkins,  William. 
Wilkins.  Ross. 
Williams,  Archibald. 
Wilson,  Hiram  V. 
Winchester,  James. 
Withey,  Solomon  L. 
Woods,  William  A. 
Yell,  Archibald. 


JUDGES  OF  THE  TEKKITORIAL  COURTS. 


Allyn,  Joseph  P. 
Anderson,  Joseph. 
Armor,  Charles  Lee. 
Axtell,  Samuel  B. 
Backus,  Henry  T. 
Baker,  Grafton. 
Balch,  Alfred. 
Barnes,  Alanson  H. 
Barnes,  William  H. 
Bartlett,  Asa. 
Bates.  Frederick. 
Bates,  J.  Woodson. 
Belford,  James  B. 
Bell,  Joseph. 
Benedict,   K. 
Bennett,  G.  G. 
Bent,  Silas. 
Black,  Samuel  W. 
Blackwood,  William  G. 
Blair,  Jacob  B. 
Blake,  Henry  N. 
Bliss,  Philemon. 
Boone,  William  F. 
Boreman,  Jacob  S. 
Boyle,  John  W. 
Bradford,  Allen  A. 
Brandeburg,  L.  G. 
Bradley.  James. 
Brinker,  William  H. 
Bristol,  Warren. 
Brochus,  P.  E. 
Broderick,  Case. 
Brookings,  W.  W. 
Brown,  James. 
Bruin,  Peter  B. 
Bryant,  William  P. 
Buck,  Norman. 
Bumngton,  .Joseph. 
Bullit,  George. 
Burnett,  Peter  H. 
Burrell,  J.  M. 
Carter,  Harley  II. 
Cartter,  David  K. 
Gary,  Joseph  M. 
Cato,  Sterling  G. 
Chatfield,  A.  G. 
Chenowith,  F.  A. 
Chipman,  Henry. 
Church,  Louis  K. 
Church,  William  E. 
Clark,  William. 
Clayton,  Alexander  M. 
Coburn,  John. 
Cole,  Orsamus. 
Conger,  E.  J. 
Cooper,  David. 
Cox,  WalterS. 
Cradlebaugh,  John. 


Cranch,  William. 
Crawford,  William. 
Crosbie,  Henry  R. 
Cross,  Edward. 
Cummings,  John. 
Darwin,  C.  B. 
Davenport,  J.  J. 
Davis,  Thomas  T. 
DeLisle,  Moreau. 
Dixon,  Luther  C. 
Doty,  James  D. 
Drake,  Thomas  J. 
Drummond,  William  W 
Duaue,  Edmund  F. 
Duffield,  George. 
Duncan,  Charles. 
Dunn,  Charles. 
Easton,  Rufus. 
Eckles,  Delano  R. 
Edgerton,  Alonzo  P. 
Edgerton,  Sidney. 
Edmunds,  G. 
Ellis,  Powhattan. 
Elmore,  R. 
Emerson,  Philip  II. 
Erwin,  David. 
Eskeridge,  Thomas  P. 
Eyster,  C.  S. 
Ferguson,  Fenner. 
Fisher,  George  P. 
Fisher,  Joseph  W. 
Fisk,  James. 
Fitts,  Oliver. 
Fitzhugh,  Edw.  C. 
Flandraw,  Charles  E. 
Flenniker,  R.  P. 
Francis.  William  11. 
Frazier,  William  C. 
French,  C.  E.  G. 
French,  C.  G.  W. 
Fuller,  Jerome. 
Galbraith,  William  J. 
Gale,  William  H. 
(Hlman,  Joseph. 
Gleason.  William  E. 
Gorshire,  William  R. 
Goodrich.  A. 
Goodwin,  John  N. 
Green,  Roger  S. 
Griffin,  John. 
Giiswold,  Stanley. 
Hagner,  C.  E. 
Hall,  Augustus. 
Hall,  Benjamin  F. 
Hallett,  Moses. 
Hardin,  E.  R. 
Harding,  Stephen  S. 
llawley,  Cyrus  M. 


Hays,  James  B. 
Henderson.  William  F. 
Hewitt,  C.  C. 
Heydenfelt,  S. 
Hollister,  M.  E. 
Holley,  Charles  F. 
Hoogland,  M. 
Hoover,  Wilson  W. 
Hosmer,  H.  L. 
Howe,  John  H. 
Howell,  William  T. 
Hoyt,  John  P. 
Hubbell,  Sidney  A. 
Hudson,  Sanford  H. 
Humphreys,  David  C. 
Hunter,  John  A. 
Huntington,  Samuel. 
Irwin,  David. 
Jacobs,  Orange. 
James,  C.  P. 
Jewett,  C.  C. 
Johnson,  D.  B. 
Johnson,  Hezekiah  S. 
Jones,  Horatio. 
Jones,  Obadiah. 
Kellogg,  William  Pitt. 
Kelly,  Milton. 
Kennedy,  James  K. 
Ker,  David. 
Kidder,  J.  P. 
Kingman,  John  W. 
Kinney,  I.  F. 
Kirby,  Ephraim. 
Knapp,  Joseph  G. 
Knowles,  Hiram. 
Lacey,  John  W. 
Lander,  Edward. 
Laugford,  William  G. 
Leake,  Walter. 
Lecompte.  Samuel  D. 
Lewis,  Joseph  R. 
Lewis,  Joshua. 
Lewis,  Seth. 
Locke,  Powhattan  B. 
Lockwood,  William  F. 
Lucas,  John  B.  C. 
Lyons,  H.  A. 
.Martin,  Francis  X. 
.Mason,  Charles. 
.Matthews,  George,  Jr. 
McArthur,  Arthur. 
McBride,  John  R. 
McCandless,  Charles. 
McConnell,  William  B. 
McCurdy,  S.  P. 
McFadden,  O.  B. 
McGuire,  William. 
McKean,  James  B. 
McNairy,  John. 
Meeker,  B.  B. 
Meigs,  Return  J. 
Meigs,  Return  J. ,  Jr. 
Miller,  A.  J. 
Miller,  Joseph. 
Milligan,  Samuel. 
Monroe,  V. 
Moody,  Gideon  C. 
Morell,  George. 
Morgan,  John  T. 
Morsell,  James  S. 
Mott,  Gordon  N. 
Mower,  Horace. 
f  Munson,  Lyman  E. 
Murphy,  John  L. 
Murray,  H.  C. 


Nelson,  R.  R. 
Nelson,  Thomas. 
Noggle,  David. 
North,  John  W. 
Olin,  Abraham  B. 
Oliphant,  E.  P. 
Olney,  Cyrus. 
Paine,  Bryan. 
Pal  in,  John  G. 
Palmer,  Cornelius  S. 
Parke,  Benjamin. 
Parks,  Samuel  C. 
Parsons,  Samuel  H. 
Peck,  William  Ware. 
Peery,  William. 
Petit,  John. 
Pettis,  S.  Newton. 
Pinney,  Daniel  H. 
Poindexter,  George. 
Pollard,  Charles  R. 
Porter,  De  Forest. 
Porter,  William  W. 
Potter,  E.  D. 
Powers,  0.  W. 
Pratt,  O.  C. 
Prevost,  John  B. 
Prickett,  Henry  E. 
Prince,  L.  Bradford. 
Putnam,  Rut'us. 
Read,  Lazarus  H. 
Keavis,  Ishani. 
Reid,  Robert  R. 
Robertson,  T.  B. 
Rodney,  Thomas. 
Scott,  Andrew. 
Scott,  James. 
Selden,  Joseph. 
Sener,  James  B. 
Service,  Francis  G. 
Shaeffer,  Michael. 
Shannon,  Peter  C. 
Shaver,  Leonidas. 
Sheldon,  A.  W. 
Sherburne,  Moses. 
Sherman,  Henry. 
Shields,  John  C. 
Shrader,  Otto. 
Sibley,  Solomon. 
Sinclair,  Charles  E. 
Smith,  Allcock  C. 
Snow,  Zerubbabel. 
Sprigg,  William. 
Stilea,  George  P. 
Stillwell,  William  H. 
Strickland,  A.  F. 
Strong,  William. 
Stuart,  Alexander. 
Symines,  John  C. 
Taylor,  Walter. 
Thomas,  E.  A. 
Thompson,  John. 
Thompson,  William  G. 
Thurston,  Buckner. 
Tilton,  Daniel. 
Titus,  John. 
Toulmin,  Harry. 
Towles,  Thomas. 
Trimble,  William. 
Tripp,  Bartlett. 
Turner,  George. 
Turner,  William  F. 
Tweed,  Charles  A. 
Twiss,  Stephen  P. 
Vanderburg,  Henry. 
Van  Long,  Elisha. 


Ixxxvi 


TABULAR     R  E  C  O  It  D  S , 


Williams,  Joseph  L. 
Williston,  Lorenzo  P. 
Wilson,  T.  S. 
Wingard,  Samuel  C. 
Witherall,  James. 
"\Voodbridge,  William. 
Woodward,  A.  B. 
Wyche,  James  E. 
Wylie,  Andrew. 
Zaiie,  Charles  S. 


Wade,  Derius  S. 
Waite,  Charles  B. 
Waldo,  H.  L. 
Wakeley,  Eleazer. 
Watts,  John  S. 
Webb,  James. 
Welch,  William  H. 
Wells,  Ebene/.er  T. 
Whiston,  William  C. 
Williams,  George  H. 
Williams,  Joseph. 
DIPLOMATIC   AGENTS   OF  THE    UNITED 

STATES, 
Prior  to  1789. 

[FROM  THE  OFFICIAL   REPORTS  OF  THE   DEPART 
MENT  OF  STATE.] 
SILAS  DEANE,  of  Connecticut: 

Sent  to  France,  March,  1776,  by  the  Committee 
of  Secret  Correspondence  of  Congress,  and  au 
thorized  to  act  as  a  political  and  commercial 
agent  of  the  United  States. 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania;  SILAS 
DEANE,  of  Connecticut;  and  THOMAS  JEFFER 
SON,  of  Virginia: 

Elected  Commissioners,  September  26,  1776,  to 
take  charge  of  American  affairs  in  Europe,  and 
to  procure  a  treaty  of  alliance  with  France. 
Mr.  JEFFERSON  declined,  and 
ARTHUR  LEE,  of  Virginia, 

Was,  October  22,  1776,  elected  in  his  place.  Mr. 
LEE  was  then  in  London  and  Mr.  DEANE  in 
Paris.  Dr.  FRANKLIN  sailed  from  Philadel 
phia,  October  26,  1770,  and  reached  Paris 
about  December  '20,  177(i. 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania: 

Elected  January  1,  1774,  by  Congress,  Commis 
sioner  to  Spain,  and  commissioned  as  such  on 
the  following  day. 
ARTHUR  LEE.  of  Virginia: 

Elected,  May  1,  1777,  by  Congress, Commissioner 
to  Spain,  and  commissioned  as  such  June  5, 
1777;  but  he  did  not  go  there  in  that  capacity. 
Mr.  JAY'S  appointment  as  Minister  superseded 
him. 
RALPH  IZARD,  of  South  Carolina: 

Elected  by  Congress,  May  7,  1777,  Commissioner 
to  Tuscany,  and  commissioned  as  such  July  1, 
1777.     He  did  not  visit  Tuscany,  and  was  re 
called  June  8,  1779. 
WILLIAM  LEE,  of  Virginia: 

Elected,  May  9,  1777,  Commissioner  to  communi 
cate  and  treat  with  the  Emperor  of  Germany, 
and  also  with  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  he  was 
commissioned  as  such  July  1,  1777.  He  was 
unable  to  visit  either  court,  and  was  recalled 
by  resolution  of  Congress,  June  9,  1779. 
JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts; 

Elected  a  Commissioner,  November  28,  1777,  in 
the  place  of  Silas  Deaue,  who  was  recalled  No 
vember  21,  1777. 

September   14,  1778,   the  commission  wa$   dis 
solved,  and 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Elected  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Fr;  nco.     He 

was  commissioned  October  26,  1778 
J3HN  JAY,  of  New  York: 

Elected  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Spain,  Sep 
tember  27,  1779,  to  negotiate  a  treaty  of  alli 
ance  and  of  amity  and  commerce.     He  arrived 
in  Madrid  in  the  spring  of  1780. 
JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts: 

Elected.  September  27,  1779,  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  ior  negotiating  a  treaty  of  peace  and  a 
treaty  of  commerce  with  Great  Britain. 


WILLIAM  CARMIC1IAEL,  of  Maryland: 

Elected,  September  28,  1779,  Secretary  of  Lega 
tion  to  Spain.  When  Mr.  JAY  left  Spain  (in 
June,  1782,)  Mr.  CARMICHAEL  was  left  as 
Charge  d1  Affaires  ad  interim.  He  was  formally 
recognized  as  Charge,  February,  1783,  and  re 
mained  at  Madrid  under  that  appointment 
until  re-appointed  as  such  September  29,  1"89. 
He  was  re-commissioned  the  following  April. 
FRANCIS  DANA,  of  Massachusetts: 

Elected,  September  28,  1779,  Secretary  of  Lega 
tion,    to  accompany  Mr.   JOHN  ADAMS,    ap 
pointed  as  above. 
HENRY  LAURENS,  of  South  Carolina: 

Elected,  October  21,  1779,  to  negotiate  a  loan  in 
Holland;  elected,  November  1,  1779,  and  same 
day  empowered    to    negotiate  a  treaty   with 
Holland. 
JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts: 

Empowered,  June  20, 1780,  to  negotiate  a  treaty 
•with  Holland,  in  the  place  of  LAURENS,  who 
had  been  made  prisoner  by  the  enemy. 
FRANCIS  DANA,  of  Massachusetts: 

Was  elected,  December  19,  1780,  Minister-Resi 
dent  in  Russia.     He  was  never   received   as 
such. 
JOHN  LAURENS,  of  South  Carolina: 

Commissioned,  December  23,  1780,  Special  Min 
ister  to  France  to  solicit  new  aid. 
JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts;  JOHN  JAY,  of 
New  York;  HENRY  LAURENS,  of  South  Caro 
lina;  BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania; 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  of  Virginia: 

Empowered,  June  15,  1781,  to  negotiate  a  treaty 

of  peace  with  Great  Britain. 
BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania: 

Commissioned,  September  28,  1782,  to  negotiate 

a  treaty  with  Sweden. 

JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts;  BENJAMIN 
FRANKLIN,  of  Pennsylvania;  and  THOMAS 
JEFFERSON,  of  Virginia: 

Empowered,  May  12,  1784,  to  conclude  treaties 
of  Commerce  with  Russia,  Germany,  Prussia, 
Denmark,  Saxony,  Hamburg,  England.  Spain, 
Portugal,  Naples,  Sardinia,  the  Pope,  Venice, 
Genoa,  Tuscany,  the  Porte,  Morocco,  Algiers, 
Tripoli,  Tunis.  On  the  3d  day  of  June,  1784, 
the  same  Plenipotentiaries  were  empowered 
to  conclude  a  supplementary  treaty  with 
Sweden. 
DAVID  HUMPHREYS,  of  Connecticut: 

Elected,  May  12,  1784,  the  Secretary  to  the  Com 
mission  for  Negotiating  ,the  Treaties  of  Com 
merce. 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  of  Virginia: 

Commissioned,  March  10,  1785,  Minister  Pleni 
potentiary  to  France.  He  remained  in  France 
until  the  close  of  September,  1789.  On  the 
12th  of  October,  1787,  he  was  re-elected  for  a 
term  of  three  years,  subject  to  the  revocation 
of  Congress. 
JOHN  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts: 

Appointed,  March  14,  1785,  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  to  Great  Britain.     Mr.  ADAMS  took  leave 
of  the  king,  February  20,  1788. 
JOHN  ADAMS  SMITH,  of  Massachusetts: 

Appointed,  March  14,  1785,   Secretary  of  Lega 
tion  to  Great  Britain. 
THOMAS  ROWLEY: 

October  5,  1785,  Mr.  ADAMS  and  Mr.  JEFFER 
SON,  under  powers  from  Congress,  empowered 
him  to  conclude  a  Treaty  with  Morocco,  and 
JOHN  LAMB 

At  the  same  time  empowered  to  COB  elude  one 
with  Algiers. 


TABULAK     RECORDS. 


Lxxxvii 


Since  1789. 


ALGIERS. 

Name  and  Staff,.  Date  of  commission. 

David  Humphreys,  Connecticut  .......  March  21,  1793. 

William  Shaler,  (Consul-General  at 

Algiers);    Commodores    William 

Bainbridge  and  Decatur  ............  April      9,  1815 

William  Shaler  (C'onsul-General  at 

Algiers)   and   Commodore    Isaac 

Chauncey....  ...........................  Aug.      4,  181G. 

ARGENTINE    REPUBLIC    AND    ARGENTINE    CONFED 
ERATION. 

Csesar  A.  Rodney,  of  Delaware;  John 

Graham,  of  Virginia;   and  Theo- 

dorick  Bland,  of  Virginia  ............  Tnly    18,  1817. 

Cjcsar  A.  Rodney,  Delaware  ..............  Ian.     27,  1823. 

John  M.  Forbes.  Florida  ..................  March   9,  1825. 

Francis  Baylies,  Massachusetts  ..........  Ian.       3,  1832. 

Harvey  M.  Watterson,  Tennessee  ......  Sept.    26,  1843. 

William  Brent,  Jr.,  Virginia  ............  June    14,  1844. 

William  A.  Harris,  Virginia  ............  Feb.     19,  1846. 

John  S.  Pendleton,  Virginia  ............  Feb.     27,  1851. 

Joseph  Graham,  Ohio  ......................  March  11,  1854. 

James  A.  Peden,  Florida  .................  June    29,  1854. 

Benjamin  C.  Yancey,  Georgia  ............  lune    14,  1858. 

John  F.  Cushman,  Mississippi  ..........  July    18.  1859. 

Robert  M.  Palmer,  Pennsylvania  ......  March28,  1861. 

RobertC.  Kirk,  Ohio  .......................  March   4,  1862. 

Alexander,  Asboth,  Missouri  ............  March  12,  1866. 

H.  G.  Worthington,  Nevada  .............  June      5.  1868. 

RobertC.  Kirk,  Ohio  ......................  April  16',  1869. 

Dexter  E.  Clapp,  New  York  .............  Nov.       4,  1871. 

Julius  White,  Illinois  ......................  Tuly    23,  1872. 

Thomas  O.  Osborn,  Illinois  ..............  Feb.     10,  1874. 

Bayliss  W.  Hanna,  Indiana  ..............  June  17,  1885. 

AUSTRIA  AND  .AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Nathaniel  Niles,  Vermont  ................  Tune      7,  1837. 

Henry  A.  Muhlenberg,  Pennsylvauia..Feb.       8,  1838. 
J.  Randolph  Clay,  Pennsylvania  .......  Sept.    13,  1839. 

Daniel  Jenifer,  Maryland  .................  Aug.    27,  1841. 

William  H.  Stiles,  Georgia  ...............  April  19,  1845. 

James  Watson  Webb,  New  York  ......  Nov.       1,  1849. 

Charles  J.  McCurdy,  Connecticut  ......  Sept.    27,  1850. 

Thomas  M.  Foote,  New  York  ...........  Sept.    16,  1852. 

Henry  R.  Jackson,  Georgia  ...............  May     24,  1853. 

J.  Glancy  Jones,  Pennsylvania  .........  Dec.     15,  1858. 

Anson  Burlingame,  Massachusetts  .....  March  22,  1861. 

J.  Lothrop  Motley,  Massachusetts  .....  Aug.    10,  1861. 

John  Hay,  Illinois  ..........................  Aug.    20,  1867. 

Henry  M.  Watts,  Pennsylvania  ........  July    25,  1868. 

John  Jay,  New  York  .......................  April  13,  1869. 

Godlove  S.  Orth,  Indiana  ...............  March   9,  1875. 

Ed  ward  F.Beale,  District  of  Columbia..  June      1,  1876. 
John  A.  Kasson,  Iowa  .....................  June    11,  1877. 

Alphonso  Taft,  Ohio  ........................  April  26,  1882. 

John  M.  Francis,  New  York  ............  1884. 


Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Hugh  S.  Legare.  South  Carolina  ........  April   14,  1832. 

Virgil  Maxey,  Maryland  ..................  June    16,  1837. 

Henry  W.  Hilliard,  Alabama  ............  May     12,  1842. 

Thomas  G.  Clemson,  Pennsylvania.  ...June    17,  1844. 

Richard  H.  Bayard,  Delaware  ..........  Dec.     10,  1850. 

J.  J.  Seibels,  Alabama  .....................  May     24,  1853. 

Elisha  T.  Fair,  Alabama  ..................  June    14,  1858. 

Henry  S.  San  ford,  Connecticut  ..........  March  20,  1861. 

J.  Russell  Jones,  Illinois  ..................  June      1,  1869. 

Ayers  P.  Merrill,  Mississippi  ............  Jan.       7,  1876. 

William  C.  Goodloe,  Kentucky  .........  March   4,  1878. 


James  O.  Putnam,  New  York Tune      4,  1880. 

Nicholas  Fish,  New  York April    28,  1882. 

Lambert  Tree,  Illinois July      3,  1885. 

BOLIVIA. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

John  Appleton.  Maine March 30,  1848. 

Alexander  K.  McClung,  Mississippi... May     29,  1849. 

Horace  11.  Miller.  Mississippi Feb.     10.  1852. 

John  W.  Dana,  Maine Aug.    26^  1853. 

John  C.  Smith,  Connecticut June    14, 

David  K.  Cartter,  Ohio March27,  1861. 

Allen  A.  Hall,  Tennessee April   21,  18G3. 

John  W.  Caldwell,  Ohio June    18,  1868. 

Leopold  Markbreit,  Ohio April   16,  1,869. 

John  T.  Croxton,  Kentucky Dec.     20,  1872. 

Robert  M.  Reynolds,  Alabama June    17.  1*~,4. 

S.  Newton  Pettis,  Pennsylvania Sept.      4,  1878. 

Charles  Adams,  Colorado April     6.  1-HO. 

George  Maney,  Tennessee April   17,  l**v!. 

Richard  Gibbs,  New  York June    18,  L883. 

William  A.  Seay,  Louisiana May       9,  1885. 

BRAZIL. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Condy  Raguet.  Pennsylvania March   9,  1825. 

William  Tudor,  Massachusetts Tune    26,  1827. 

Ethan  A.  Brown,  Ohio May    26,  1830. 

William  Hunter,  Rhode  Island luue    28,  1834. 

George  H.  Proffit,  Indiana June      7,  1*4.';. 

Henry  A.  Wise,  Virginia Feb.       8,  1844. 

David  Tod,  Ohio. March  3,  1-47. 

RobertC.  Schenck,  Ohio Marchl2,  1851. 

William  Trousdale,  Tennessee May    24,  1*5:;. 

Richard  K.  Meade.  Virginia July    27.  1857. 

James  Watson  Webb,  New  York May    31,  1861. 

Henry  T.  Blow,  Missouri May       1,  1*69. 

James  R.  Partridge,  Maryland May    23,  1871. 

Henry  W.  Hilliard,  Georgia July    31,  1877. 

Thomas  A.  Osborn,  Kansas May     19,  1881 

Thomas  J.  Jarvis,  North  Carolina April     2,  1885" 

CENTRAL  AMERICAN  STATES. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  commit>*i'»i. 

John  Williams,  Tennessee Dec.     29,  1 8:25. 

William  B.  Rochester,  New  York March   3,  1*27 

James  Shannon,  Ohio Feb.       9,  1832. 

Charles  G.  De  Witt,  New  York Tan.     29,  1*33. 

William  S.  Murphy,  Ohio luly    28,  1*41. 

George  Williamson,  Louisiana May     17,  1873. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois April     2,  1879. 

Henry  C.  Hall.  New  York July     13,  1882. 

CHILI. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Heman  Allen,  Vermont Tan.  27,  1823. 

Samuel  Lamed,  Rhode  Island Feb.  29,  ]  828. 

John  Hamm,  Ohio May  26,  1830. 

Richard  Pollard,  Virginia June  28,  1834. 

John  S.  Pendleton,  Virginia Aug.  16,  1841. 

William  Crump,  Virginia April  10,  1844. 

Seth  Barton,  Louisiana May  27,  1847. 

Balie  Peyton,  Tennessee Aug.  9,  1849. 

David  A.  Starkweather,  Ohio June  29,  1*54. 

John  Bigler,  California April  2,  1857. 

Thomas  H.  Nelson,  Indiana June  1,  1861. 

Judson  Kilpatrick,  New  Jersey Nov.  11,  1865. 

Joseph  P.  Root,  Kansas Sept.  15,  1870. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Kansas Marchl7,  1873. 

Thomas  A.  Osborn,  Kansas May  31,  1877. 

Judson  Kilpatrick,  New  Jersey 1881. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois MarehlS,  1882. 

William  R.  Roberts,  New  York Vpril  2,  1885. 


Ixxxviii 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


CHINA. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Caleb  Gushing,  Massachusetts May      8,  1843. 

Alexander  H.  Everett,  Massachusetts..  March  13,  1845. 

John  W.  Davis,  Indiana Jan.       3,  1* 

Humphrey  Marshall,  Kentucky Aug.      4,  1852. 

Robert  M.  McLane,  Maryland Oct.      18,  1853. 

William  B.  Reed,  Pennsylvania April  18,  1857. 

John  E.  Ward,  Georgia Dec.     15,  1858. 

Anson  Burlingame,  Massachusetts June    14,  If 

J.  Ross  Browne,  California March  11,  1863. 

Frederick  F.  Low,  California Sept.    28,  1869. 

Benjamin  P.  Avery,  California April  10,  1874. 

George  F.  Seward,  California Jan.       7,  1876. 

James  B.  Angell,  Michigan April     9,  li. 

J.  Russell  Young,  New  York March  15,  1* 

Charles  Denby,  Indiana May    29,  1885. 

COLOMBIA. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  commission. 

Richard  C.  Anderson,  Kentucky Jan.     27,  1823. 

Beaufort  T.  Watts,  South  Carolina.... March   3,  1827. 

William  H.  Harrison,  Ohio May     24,  1828. 

Thomas  P.  Moore,  Kentucky March  13,  1829. 

Robert  B.  McAfee,  Kentucky Feb.       9,  1833. 

James  Semple,  Illinois Oct.      14,  1837. 

William  M.  Blackford,  Virginia Feb.     10,  1842. 

Benjamin  A.  Bidlack,  Pennsylvania... May     14,  1845. 

Thomas  M.  Foote,  New  York May    29,  1849. 

Yelverton  P.  King,  Georgia Match  12,  1851. 

James  S.  Green,  Missouri May    24,  1853. 

James  B.  Bowlin.  Missouri Dec.     13,  1854. 

George  W.  Jones,  Iowa ...March   8,  1859. 

Allan  A.  Burton,  Kentucky May    29,  1861. 

Peter  J.  Sullivan,  Ohio March  19,  1867. 

Stephen  A.  Hurlbut,  Illinois April   22,  1869. 

William  L.  Scruggs,  Georgia April     8,  1873. 

Ernest  Dickman,  Wisconsin June    15,  1878. 

William  L.  Scruggs,  Georgia April  17,  1882. 

Charles  D.  Jacob,  Kentucky Oct.        9,  1885. 

COREA. 

Name  and  State.                        Dale  of  Commission. 
Lucius  H.  Foote,  New  York Feb.     27,  1883. 

COSTA  RICA. 
Name  and  Slate.  Date  of  Commission. 

Solon  Borland,  Arkansas April  18,  1853. 

Mirabeau  B.  Lamar,  Texas Jan.     20,  1858. 

Alexander  Dimitry,  Louisiana Aug.    15,  1859. 

Charles  N.  Riotte,' Texas Tune      8,  1861. 

Albert  G.  Lawrence,  Rhode  Island. ...Oct.       2,  1866. 

Jacob  B.  Blair,  West  Virginia July    25,  1868. 

George  Williamson,  Louisiana May     17,  1873. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois April     2,  1879. 

Plenry  C.  Hall,  New  York July    13,1882. 

DENMARK. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

George  W.  Erving,  Massachusetts Tan.       5,  1811. 

Henry  Wheaton,  New  York March  23,  1827. 

Jonathan  F.  Woodside,  Ohio March  3,  1835. 

Isaac  R.  Jackson,  Pennsylvania May     20,1841. 

William  W.  Irwin,  Pennsylvania March  3,  1843. 

Robert  P.  Flenniken,  Pennsylvania.. .Jan.     11,  1847. 

Walter  Forward,  Pennsylvania Nov.      8,  1849. 

Miller  Grieve,   Georgia Aug.    30,1852. 

Henry  Bedinger,  Virginia May    24,  1853. 

James  M.  Buchanan,  Maryland May    11,1858. 

Bradford  R.  Wood,  New  York March  22,  1861. 

George  H.  Yeaman,  Kentucky Aug.    25,1865. 

M.  J.  Cramer,  Kentucky Sept.      9,  1870. 

J.  P.  Wickersham,  Pennsylvania July    13,  1882. 

Wickham  Hoffman ,  New  York Feb.     27,  1 883. 

Rasmus  B.  Anderson,  Wisconsin April     2,  1835. 


ECUADOR. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

J.  C.  Pickett,  Kentucky June   15,  1838. 

Delazon  Smith,  Ohio Dec.     28,  1844. 

Van  Brugh  Livingston,  New  York April  10,  1848. 

John  T.  Van  Allen,  New  York June     5,  1849. 

Courtland  Cushing,  Indiana Sept.    28,  1850. 

Philo  White,  Wisconsin Tuly    18,1853. 

Charles  R.  Buckalew,  Pennsylvania. ..June   14,  1858. 

Frederick  Hassaurek,  Ohio March  27,  1861. 

William  T.  Coggeshall,  Ohio May      4,  1866. 

E.  Rumsey  Wing,  Kentucky Nov.    16,  1869. 

Thomas  Biddle,  Pennsylvania Feb.      2,  1875. 

FRANCE. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

William  Short,  Virginia April  20,  1790. 

(louverneur  Morris Jan.     12,  1792. 

James  Monroe,  Virginia May    28,  1794. 

Chas.  C.  Piuckney,  South  Carolina. ...Sept.      9,  1796. 
Chas.  C.  Pinckney,  South  Carolina! ..  "j 

John  Marshall,  Virginia [-June     5,  1797. 

Elbridge  Gerry,  Massachusetts J 

Oliver  Ellsworth,  Connecticut.  \ 

William  Vans  Murray,  Maryland...  j-  Feb.     26,  1799. 
William  R.  Davie,  North  Carolina..  J 

Robert  R.  Livingston,  New  York Oct.        2,  1801. 

James  Monroe,  Virginia \T          10   1QAQ 

Robert  R.  Livingston,  New  York...  /  J!         1<4'  1{ 

John  Armstrong,  New  York Tune    30,  1804. 

.Joel  Barlow,  Connecticut Feb.     27,  1811. 

William  H.  Crawford,  Georgia April     9,  1813. 

Albert  Gallatin,  Pennsylvania Feb.     28,  1815. 

.lames  Brown,  Louisiana Dec.       9,  1823. 

William  C.  Rives,  Virginia April  18,  1829. 

Leavitt  Harris,  Pennsylvania March  6,  1833. 

Edward  Livingston,  Louisiana May     29,  1833. 

Lewis  Cass,   Ohio Oct.       4,1836. 

William  R.  King.  Alabama April     9,  1844. 

Richard  Rush,  Pennsylvania March  3,  1847. 

William  C.  Rives,  Virginia July    20,  1849. 

John  Y.  Mason,  Virginia Oct.     10,  1853. 

Charles  J.  Faulkner,  Virginia Tan.     16,  1860. 

William  L.  Dayton,  New  Jersey MarchlS,  1861. 

John  Bigelow,  New  York March  15,  1865. 

John  A.  Dix,  New  York Sept,    24,  1866. 

Elihu  B.  Washburne,  Illinois March  17,  1869. 

Edward  F.  Noyes,   Ohio Tuly       1,1877. 

Levi  P.  Morton,  New  York March  21,  1881. 

Robert  M.  McLane,  Maryland March  23,  1835. 

GERMANY. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts. ..June     1,  1797- 

(Vacant  from  1801  to  1835.) 

Henry  Wheaton,  New  York March  3,  183.1. 

Andrew  J.  Donelson,  Tennessee MarchlS,  1846. 

Edward  A.  Hannegan.  Indiana March  22,  1849. 

Daniel  D.  Barnard,  New  York Sept.      3,1850. 

Peter  D.  Vroom,  New  Jersey May    24,  1853. 

Joseph  A.  Wright,  Indiana June      1,  1857. 

Norman  B.  Judd,  Illinois March  8,  1861. 

Joseph  A.  Wright,  Indiana June    30,  1865. 

George  Bancroft,  New  York May     14,1867. 

J.  C.  Bancroft  Davis, June   11,  1874. 

Bayard  Taylor,  Pennsylvania March   4,1878. 

Andrew  D.  White,  New  York April     2,1879. 

Aaron  A.  Sargent,  California March  2,  1882. 

John  A.  Kasson,  Iowa 1884. 

George  H.  Pendleton,  Ohio March  23,  1885. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Thomas  Pinckney,  South  Carolina Tan.     12,  1792. 

John  Jay,  New  York April   19,  1794. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Kufus  King,  New  York May  20,  179(5. 

James  Monroe,  Virginia April  18,  1803. 

Jonathan  Russell,  Rhode  Island July  27,  1811. 

Albert  Gallatin,  Pennsylvania ") 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts  >  April  17,  1813. 

James  A.  Bayard,  Delaware J 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts  ] 

James  A.  Bayard,  Delaware- 

Henry  Clay,  Kentucky ^Jan.  18,  1814. 

Jonathan  Russell,  Rhode  Island 

Albert  Gallatin,   Pennsylvania J 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts... Feb.  28, 

Richard  Rush,  Pennsylvania October, 

Rufus  King,  New  York -May  5, 

Albert  Gallatin,   Pennsylvania May  18, 

James  Barbour,  Virginia May  23, 

Louis  McLane,  Delaware April  18, 

Martin  Van  Buren,  New  York April     1, 

Andrew  Stevenson,  Virginia March  16, 

Edward  Everett,  Massachusetts Sept.  13, 

Louis  McLane,  Maryland June  16, 

George  Bancroft,  New  York Sept.  9, 

Abbott  Lawrence,  Massachusetts Aug.  20, 

Joseph  R.  Ingersoll,  Pennsylvania Aug.  21,. 

James  Buchanan,  Pennsylvania April  11, 

George  M.  Dallas,  Pennsylvania Feb.  4, 

Charles  F.  Adams,  Massachusetts March  20, 

Reverdy  Johnson,  Maryland Tune  12, 

J.  Lothrop  Motley,  Massachusetts April  13, 

Robert  C.  Schenck,  Ohio Dec.  22, 

Edwards  Pierrepont,  New  York May  22, 

John  Welsh,  Pennsylvania Oct.  9, 

James  R.  Lowell.  Massachusetts Jan.  26, 


Edward  J.  Phelps,  Vermont March 23, 


1815. 
1817. 
1825. 
1826. 
1828. 
1S29. 
1831. 
1836. 
1841. 
1845. 
1846. 
1849. 
1852. 
1853. 
1856. 
1861. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1876. 
1877. 
18-0. 
1»85. 


GREECE. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Charles  K.  Tuckerrnan,  New  York.... March  11,  1868. 

John  M.  Francis,  New  York May     15,1871. 

J.  Meredith  Read,  Jr.,  New  York Nov.      7,  1873. 

Eugene  Schuyler,  New  York Tuly      7,  1882. 

Walter  Fern,  Louisiana April  18,  1885. 

GUATEMALA. 
Nam<'  and  Sfatc.  Dale  of  Commission. 

Elijah  Hise,  Kentucky March  31,  1848. 

E.  George  Squier,  New  York April     2,  1849. 

Solon  Borland,  Arkansas April  18,  1853. 

John  L.  Marling,  Tennessee Aug.       2,  1854. 

William  E.  Venable,  Tennessee Marchl4,  1857. 

Beverly  L.  Clarke,  Kentucky Tan.       7,  1858. 

Elisha'O.  Crosby,  New  York March  22,  1861. 

Fitz  Henry  Warren,  Iowa Aug.    12,  1865. 

Silas  A.  Hudson,   Iowa April  22,  1869. 

George  Williamson,  Louisiana May     17,  1873. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan.  Illinois April     2,  1879. 

Henry  C.  Hall,  New  York July    13,  1882. 


HAWAII. 


Name  and  Slate. 


Date  of  Commission. 


George  Brown,  Massachusetts March   3,  1843. 

Anthony  Ten  Eyck,  Michigan April   19,  1845. 

Cbarles'Eames,  New  York Jan.     12,  1849. 

Luther  Severance,  Maine June      7,  1850. 

David  L.  Gregg,  Illinois July       6,  1853. 

James  W.  Borden,  Indiana Jan.     11,  1858. 

Thomas  J.  Dryer,  Oregon March  26,  1861. 

James  McBride,  Oregon March   9,  1863. 

Edward  M.  McCook,  Colorado March  21,  1866. 

Henry  A.  Pierce,  Massachusetts May     10,  1869. 

James  M.  Comly,  Ohio July       1,  1877. 

Rollin  M.  Daggett.  Nevada July       1,  1882. 

George  W.  Merrill,   Nevada April     2,1885. 


HAYTI. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Benjamin  F.  Whidden,  N.  H July     12,  1862. 

H.  E.  Peck,  Ohio March  14,  1865. 

Gideon  H.  Hollister,  Connecticut Feb.       5,  1868. 

Ebenezer  D.  Bassett,  Pennsylvania... April  16,  1869. 

John  M.  Langston,  D.  C Sept.    28,  1877. 

J.  E.  W.  Thompson,  New  York May      7,  1885. 

HONDURAS. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Solon  Borland,  Arkansas April  18,  1853. 

Beverly  L.  Clarke,  Kentucky Jan.     14,  1858. 

James  R.  Partridge,  Maryland Feb.     10,  1862. 

Thomas  H.  Clay,  Kentucky April   16,  1863. 

Richard  H.  Rousseau,  Kentucky May     14,  1866. 

Henry  Baxter,  Michigan April  21,  1869. 

George  Williamson,  Louisiana May     17,  1873. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois April     2,  1879. 

Henry  C.  Hall,  New  York July     13,  1882. 

ITALY. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

George  P.  Marsh,  Vermont March  20,  1861. 

William  W.  Astor,  New  York Aug.       4,  1882. 

John  B.  Stallo,  Ohio June    17,  1885. 

JAPAN. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Matthew  C.  Perry,  Commodore  U.S.N.Nov.  13,  1852. 

Townsend  Harris,  New  York Sept.  8,  1855. 

Robert  H.  Pruyn,  New  York Oct.  12,  1861. 

R.  B.  Van  Valkenburgh,  New  York...  Jan.  18,  1866. 

Charles  E.  DeLong,  Nevada April  21,  1869. 

John  H.  Bingham,  Ohio May  31,  1873. 

Richard  B.  Hubbard,  Texas April  2,  1885. 

LIBERIA. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Abraham  Henson,  Wisconsin Tune      8,  1863. 

John  Seys,  Ohio Oct.       8,  1866. 

J.  Milton  Turner,  Missouri March   1,  1S71. 

John  H.  Smyth,  North  Carolina April  12,  !--<•:>. 

Moses  A.  Hopkins,  North  Carolina. ...Sept.    11,  1885. 

MEXICO. 
Name  and  State.  Date,  of  Commission. 

Joel  R.  Poinsett,  South  Carolina March   8,  1825. 

Anthony  Butler,  Mississippi Oct.      12,  1829. 

Powhatan  Ellis,  Louisiana.. Tan.     '5,  1836. 

Waddy  Thompson,  South  Carolina. ...Feb.     10,  1842. 

Wilson  Shannon,  Ohio April    9,  1844. 

John  Slidell,  Louisiana Nov.    10,  1845. 

Ambrose  H.  Sevier,  Arkansas I  Ar      ,  1  .    .. 

Nathan  Clifford,  Maine [March  14,  1843. 

Nathan  Clifford,  Maine Tnly    28,  1818. 

Robert  P.  Letcher,  Kentucky Aug.      9,  1849. 

Alfred  Conkling,  New  York Aug.      6,  1852. 

James  Gadsden,  South  Carolina May    24,  1853. 

John  Forsyth,  Alabama Tuly    21,  1856. 

Robert  M.  McLane,  Maryland March   7,  18.39. 

JohnB.  Weller,  California Nov.    17,  I860. 

Thomas  Corwin,  Ohio March  22,  1861. 

Lewis  D.  Campbell,  Ohio May      4,  1866. 

Marcus  Otterbourg,  Wisconsin July      1,  1867. 

WilliamS.  Rosecrans,  Ohio July    27,  1868. 

Thomas  H.  Nelson.  Indiana April  16,  1869. 

John  W.  Foster,  Indiana March  17,  1873. 

P.  H.  Morgan,  Louisiana Jan.     26,  1880. 

Henry  R.  Jackson,  Georgia March  23,  188"). 

XETHERLANDS. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commimnon. 

William  Short,  Virginia Jan.     16,  1792. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts... May    30,  1794 


T  A  B  U  L  A  K     RECORDS. 


William  Vans  Murray,  Maryland  ......  March  2, 

William  Eustis,  Massachusetts  .........  Dec.     19, 

Alexander  H.  Everett,  Mass  .............  June   27, 

Christopher  Hughes,  Jr.,  Maryland...  March  9, 
William  P.  Preble,  Maine  ...............  June     1  , 

Harmanus  Bleecker,  New  York  .........  May    15, 

Christopher  Hughes,  Maryland  .........  May    12, 

Auguste  Davezac,  Louisiana  ............  April  19, 

George  Folsom,  New  York  ...............  May      4, 

August  Belmont,  New  York  .............  May    24, 

Henry  C.  Murphy,  New  York  ...........  June     1, 

James  S.  Pike,  Maine  .....................  March28, 

Hugh  Ewing,  Kansas  ......................  Sept.    24, 

Charles  T.  Gorham,  Michigan  ...........  July     12, 

F.  B.  Stockbridge,  Michigan  ............  July    12, 

James  Birney,  Michigan  ..................  Jan.     10, 

William  L.  Dayton,  New  Jersey  ........  April  26, 

Isaac  Bell,  Jr.,  Ehode  Island  ............  April    2, 


1797 
1314 
1818 
1825 
1829 
1839 
1842 
1845, 
1850, 
1853, 
1857. 
1861. 
1866. 
1870. 
1875. 
1876. 
1882. 
1885. 


Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

John  B.  Kerr,  Maryland  ..................  Marchl2,  1851. 

Solon  Borland,  Arkansas  ..................  April  18,  1853. 

John  H.  Wheeler,  North  Carolina  .....  Aug.      2.  1854. 

Mirabeau  B.  Lamar,  Texas  ...............  Jan.     20,  1858. 

Alexander  Dimitry,  Louisiana  ..........  Aug.    15,  1859. 

Andrew  B.  Dickinson,  New  York  ......  March'28,  1861. 

Thomas  H.  Clay,  Kentucky  ..............  Oct.     21,  1862. 

Andrew  B.  Dickinson,  New  York  ......  April  18,  1863. 

C.  N.  Riotte,  Texas  ........................  April  21,  186!). 

George  Williamson,  Louisiana  ..........  May     17,  1873. 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois  .............  April     2,  1879. 

Henry  C.  Hall,  New  York  ...............  July    13,  1882. 

PARAGUAY. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Charles  A.  Washburn,  California  ......  June     8,  1861. 

Martin  T.  McMahon,  New  York  ........  June   27,  1868. 

John  L.  Stevens,  Maine  ..................  April  23,  1870. 

John  C.  Caldwell,  Maine  .................  Jan.       8,  1874. 

William  Williams,  Indiana  ..............  April  12,1882. 

John  E.  Bacon,  South  Carolina  .........  April  28,  1835. 

PERSIA. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission 

S.  G.  W.  Benjamin,  New  York  .........  Feb.     27,  1883. 

F.  H.  Winston,  Hlinois  ....................  Oct.     28,  1885. 

PERU. 

Name  and  Slate.  Date  of  Commission. 

James  Cooley,  Pennsylvania  ..............  May     2,  1826. 

Samuel  Lamed,  Rhode  Island  ...........  Dec.    29,'  1828. 

James  B.  Thornton,  New  Hampshire-June   15,  1836. 
J.  C.  Pickett,  Kentucky  ..................  June      9,  1838. 

John  A.  Bryan,  Ohio  ......................  Aug.    15,  1844. 

Albert  G.  Jewett,  Maine  ..................  MarchlS,  1845. 

John  R.  Clay,  Pennsylvania  ............  March  3,  1847. 

Christopher  Robinson,  Rhode  Island.  .June      8,  1861. 
Alvin  P.  Hovey,  Indiana  .................  Aug.    12,  1865. 

Thomas  Settle,  North  Carolina  .........  Feb.     18,  1871. 

Francis  Thomas,  Maryland  ..............  March25,  1872. 

Richard  Gibbs,  New  York  ...............  April     9,  1875. 

Isaac  P.  Christiancy,  Michigan  .........  Jan.     29,  1879. 

Stephen  A.  Hurlbut,  Illinois  ............  May    19,  1881. 

James  R.  Partridge,  Maryland  .........  April  12,  1882. 

Seth  L.  Phelps,  District  of  Columbia-June    18,  1883. 
Charles  W.  Buck,  Kentucky  ............  April     2,  1885. 

POBTUGAL. 

Name  and  Slate.  Date  of  Commission. 

David  Humphreys,  Connecticut  ........  Feb.     21,  1791. 

William  Smith,  South  Carolina  .........  July    10,  1797. 

Thomas  Sumpter,  Jr.,  South  Carolina..  March   7,  1809. 
John  Graham,  Virginia  ...................  Jan.       6,  1819. 


Henry  Dearborn,  Sr.,  N.  H May      7, 

Thomas  L.  L.  Brent,  Virginia March   9, 

Edward  Kavanagh,  Maine March  3, 

Washington  Barrow,  Tennessee Aug.    16, 

Abraham  Rencher,  North  Carolina. ...Sept.    22, 

George  W.  Hopkins,  Virginia March   3, 

James  B.  Clay,  Kentucky Aug.      1 , 

Charles  B.  Haddock,  New  Hampshire.. Dec.     10, 

John  L.  O'Sullivan,  New  York Feb.     16, 

George  W.  Morgan,  Ohio May     11, 

James  E.  Harvey,  Pennsylvania March  28, 

Samuel  Shellabarger,  Ohio April  21, 

Charles  H.  Lewis,  Virginia March  15, 

Benjamin  Morau,  Pennsylvania Dec.     15, 

John  M.  Francis,  New  York July      7, 

Lewis  Richmond,  Rhode  Island 

Edw.  P.  C.  Lewis,  New  Jersey April     2, 


182 
182 
183 
184 
184 
184 
184 
185 
185. 
185, 
186 


187. 
188' 
188. 
188. 


KOUMANIA. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission 

Eugene  Schujvjer,  New  York July      7,  188: 

Walter  Fearn,  Louisiana April  18,  188. 


RUSSIA. 


Name  and  State. 


Date  of  Commissioi 


John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts. ..June    27, 

Leavitt  Harris,  Pennsylvania April     7, 

William  Pinkney,  Maryland  .March   7, 

George  W.  Campbell,  Tennessee April   16, 

Henry  Middleton,  South  Carolina April     6, 

John  Randolph,  Virginia May     26, 

James  Buchanan,  Pennsylvania Ian.       4, 

William  Wilkins,  Pennsylvania June    30, 

John  R.  Clay,  Pennsylvania June   29, 

George  M.  Dallas,  Pennsylvania March   7, 

Churchill  C.  Cambreling,  Now  Yin,;. .May     20, 

Charles  S.  Todd,  Kentucky Aug.    27, 

Ralph  J.  Ingersoll,  Connecticut Aug.      8, 

Arthur  P.  Bagby,  Alabama Tune    15, 

Neil  S.  Brown,  Tennessee May      2, 

Thomas  H.  Seymour,  Connecticut May     24, 

Francis  W.  Pickeus,  South  Carolina... Jan.     11, 

John  Appleton,  Maine June      8, 

Cassius  M.  Clay,  Kentucky March  28, 

Simon  Cameron,  Pennsylvania Jan.      17, 

Cassius  M.  Clay,  Kentucky March  11, 

Andrew  G.  Curtin,  Pennsylvania April  l(j, 

James  L.  Orr,  South  Carolina Dec.     12, 

Marshall  Jewell,  Connecticut May    29, 

George  H.  Boker,  Pennsylvania  Ian.     13, 

E.  W.  Stoughton,  New  York Oct.      30, 

John  W.  Foster,  Indiana Jan.     26, 

William  H.  Hunt,  Louisiana April  12, 

Alphonso  Taft,  Ohio 

Geo.  V.  N.  Lothrop,  Michigan >May       7, 


180: 
181- 
1811 
181: 
1821 
183i 
183: 
183< 
183< 

183' 

1841 

1^4 

184( 

184.' 

1851 

185,' 

1*5< 

186t 

186 

186 

186 

18(i 

187 

187 

18? 

187 

188 

18* 

18,-M 

188.1 


SALVADOR. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission 

Solon  Borland,  Arkansas April   18,  185^ 

James  R.  Partridge,  Maryland April    16,  1*6:! 

A.  S.  Williams,  Michigan Aug.    16,  18J6 

Alfred  T.  A.  Torbert,  Delaware April   21,  1869 

Thomas  Biddle,  Pennsylvania July     10,  1871 

jeorge  Williamson,  Louisiana May     17,  1873 

Cornelius  A.  Logan,  Illinois April     2,  187!) 

Henry  C.  Hall,  New  York July     13,  188:2 

SERVIA. 

Name  and  Stale.                           Date  of  Commission 
Eugene  Schuyler,  New  York July      7,  1882 

SIAM. 

Name  and  Slate.                          Date  of  Commission 
John  A.  Halderman,  Missouri July     13,  1882 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


SPAIN. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

William  Carmichael,  Maryland April   20,  1790. 

William  Short,  Virginia May    28,  1794. 

Thomas  Pinckney,  South  Carolina. ...Nov.     24',  1794. 

David  Humphreys,  Connecticut May    20,  1790. 

Charles  Pinckney,  South  Carolina June      6,  1801. 

(Vacant  from  1808  to  1814.) 

George  W.  Erving,  Massachusetts Aug.    10,  1814. 

John  Forsyth,  Georgia Feb.     16,  1819. 

Hugh  Nelson,  Virginia Jan.      15,  1823. 

Alexander  H.  Everett,  Massachusetts.. March  9,  1825. 

Cornelius  P.  Van  Ness,  Vermont June      1,  1829: 

William  T.  Barry,  Kentucky April   10,  1835. 

John  H.  Eaton,  Tennessee March  16,  1836. 

Aaron  Vail,  New  York May     20,  1840. 

Washington  Irving,  New  York Feb.     10,  1842. 

Komulus  M.  Saunders,  N.  C Feb.     25,  1846. 

Daniel  M.  Barringer,  North  Carolina-June    18,  1849. 

Pierre  Soule,  Louisiana April     7,  1853. 

Augustus  C.  Dodge,  Iowa Feb.      9,  1855. 

William  Preston,  Kentucky Dec.     15,  1858. 

Carl  Sch urz,  Wisconsin March  28,  1861. 

Gustavus  Koerner,  Illinois June    14,  1862. 

John  P.  Hale,  New  Hampshire March  10,  1865. 

Daniel  E.  Sickles,  New  York May     15,  1869. 

Caleb  Gushing,  Virginia Ian.       6,  1874. 

James  E.  Lowell,  Massachusetts Jan.     11,  1877. 

Lucius  Fairchild,  Wisconsin Jan.     26,  1880. 

Hannibal  Hamlin,  Maine Tune    30.  1881. 

John  W.  Foster,  Indiana Feb.     27,  1883. 

J.  L.  M.  Curry,  Virginia Oct.       7,  1885. 

SWEDEN  AND  NOEWAY. 
Name  and  State.  Dale  of  Commission. 

Jonathan  Russell,  Rhode  Island Tan.     18,  1814. 

John  J.  Appleton,  Massachusetts May      2,  1826. 

Christopher  Hughes,  Maryland March    3,  1830. 

George  W.  Lay,  New  York May     12,  1842. 

Henry  W.  Ellsworth,  Indiana April    19,  1845. 

Francis  Schroeder,  Rhode  Island Nov.      7,  1849. 

Benjamin  F.  Angel,  New  York Tuly    17,  1857. 

Jacob  S.  Haldeman,  Pennsylvania March  16,  1861. 

James  H.  Campbell,  Pennsylvania May     18,  1864. 

John  McGinnis,  Jr.,  Illinois Nov.       6,1866. 

Joseph  J.  Bartlett,  New  York March  19,  1867. 

C.  C.  Andrews,  Minnesota Tune      3,  1869. 

John  L.  Stevens,  Maine Aug.    28,  1877. 

Wm.  W.  Thomas,  Jr.,  Maine Tune      6,  1883. 

Rufus  Magee,  Indiana April     2,  1885. 

SWITZERLAND. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Theodore  S.  Fay,  Massachusetts March  16, 1853. 

George  G.  Fogg,  New  Hampshire March  28,  1861. 

George  Harrington,  Georgia .July      7,  1865. 

Horace  Rublee,  Wisconsin April   20,  1869. 

Nicholas  Fish,  New  York June   20,  1877. 

M.  J.  Kramer,  Kentucky July    13,  1882. 

Boyd  Winchester,  Kentucky May      7,  1885. 

TEXAS. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Alcee  La  Branche,  Louisiana March  7,  1837. 

George  H.  Flood,  Ohio Marchl6,  1840. 

Joseph  Eve,  Kentucky April  15,  1841. 

William  S.  Murphy,  Ohio April  10,  1843. 

Tighlman  A.  Harvard,  Indiana June  11,  1844. 

Andrew  J.  Donelson,  Tennessee Sept  16,  1844. 

(Annexed  as  a  State  in  1845.) 

TUEKEY. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

David  Porter,  Maryland April   15,  1831. 

Dabney  S.  Carr,  Maryland Oct.        6,  1813. 


George  P.  Marsh,  Vermont May     29,  1849. 

Carroll  Spence,  Maryland Aug.    23,  1853. 

James  Williams,  Tennessee Tan.     14,  1858. 

Edward  Joy  Morris,  Pennsylvania... June      8,  1861. 

Wayne  MacVeagh,  Pennsylvania June     4,  1870. 

George  H.  Baker,  Pennsylvania Nov.      3,  1871. 

Horace  Maynard,  Tennessee March  9,  1875. 

James  Longstreet,  Georgia June    14,  1880. 

Lewis  Wallace,  Indiana Tuly    13,  1882 

Samuel  S.  Cox,  New  York March  25,'  1885. 

THE  TWO  SICILIES. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

John  Nelson,  Maryland Oct.      24,  1831- 

Enos  T.  Throop,  New  York Feb.       6,  1838- 

William  Bowlware,  Virginia Sept.    13,  1841- 

William  H.  Polk,  Tennessee March  13,  1845- 

John  Rowan,  Kentucky Tan.       3,  184-:. 

Thomas  W.  Chinn,  Louisiana Ian.       5,  181!). 

Edward  Joy  Morris,  Pennsylvania... Jan.     10,  1850. 

Robert  Dale  Owen,  Indiana May    24,  1853. 

Joseph  R.  Chandler,  Pennsylvania. ..June    15,  1858. 
(Discontinued  in  1860.) 

UEUGUAY. 
Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

Alexander  Asboth,  Missouri April     5,  1867. 

H.  G.  Worthington,  Nevada Tuly    25,  1868. 

Robert  C.  Kirk,  Ohio May      5,  18U9. 

John  L.  Stevens,  Maine March  25,  1870. 

John  C.  Caldwell,  Maine Tan.       8,  1874. 

William  Williams,  Indiana April   12,  1882. 

John  E.  Bacon,  South  Carolina April  28,  1885. 

VENEZUELA. 

Name  and  State.  Date  of  Commission. 

J.  G.  A.  Williamson,  Pennsylvania... March  3,  1835. 

Allen  A.  Hall,  Tennessee March  15,  1841. 

Vespasian  Ellis,  Missouri Sept.    30,  1844. 

Benjamin  G.  Shields,  Alabama Marchl4,  1845. 

Isaac  N.  Steele,  Maryland Dec.       6,1849. 

Charles  Eames,  District  of  Columbia.. Feb.       9,  1854. 

Edwin  A.  Turpin,  New  York June    15,  1858. 

Henry  T.  Blow,  Missouri June     8,  1861. 

E.  D.  Culver,  New  York July    12,  18C2. 

James  Wilson,  Indiana May     31,  18G6. 

Thomas  N.  Stilwell,  Indiana Aug.    30,  1867. 

James  R.  Partridge,  Maryland April   21,  1869. 

William  A.  Pile,  Missouri May    23,  1871. 

Thomas  Russell,  Massachusetts Vpril   20,  1874. 

Jehu  Baker,  Illinois March   4,  1878. 

Charles  L.  Scott,  Alabama April   28,  1885. 

COLONIAL  GOVERNORS  OF  AMERICA. 

NEW  HAMPSHIEE. 

Richard  Cutts 1680 

Richard  Waldron 1681 

Edward  Craniield 1683 

Walter  Barefoot 1685 

Joseph  Dudl ey 1686 

Edmond  Andros 1G87 

Simon  Bradstreet 1689 

John  Usher 16(J2 

William  Partridge 1697 

Samuel  Allen 1699 

Earl  of  Bellemout 170:2 

Joseph  Dudley 1716 

Samuel  Shute 1728 

William  Burnet 1730 

Jonathan  Belcher 1 741 

Benjamin  Went  worth 1767 

John  Wentworth 1775 

When  the  British  power  terminated. 


Mesheck  Weare 1776 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


John  Langdon 
John  Sullivan 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
John  Carver,  of  Plymouth,  Massachusetts  .........  1620 

William  Bradford  ..........................................  1621 

Edward  Winslow  ..........................................  1633 

Thomas  Prince  .............................................  1634 

William  Bradford  ..........................................  1635 

Edward  Winslow  ..........................................  1636 

William  Bradford  ..........................................  1637 

Thomas  Prince  .............................................  163S 

William  Bradford  ..........................................  1(>39 

Edward  Winslow  ..........................................  1644 

William  Bradford  ..........................................  1645 

Thomas  Prince  .............................................  -1657 

Josias  Winslow  .............................................  1673 

Thomas  Hinckley  ..........................................  1680 

John  Winthrop,  of  Mass.,  under  first  charter  ......  1630 

Thomas  Dudley  .............................................  1634 

John  Haynes  ................................................  1635 

Henry  Vane  ..................................................  1636 

John  Winthrop  .............................................  1637 

Thomas  Dudley  ............................................  1640 

Richard  Bellingham  .......................................  1641 

John  Winthrop  .............................................  1642 

John  Winthrop  .............................................  1646 

JohnEndicott  ...............................................  1649 

Thomas  Dudley  .............................................  1650 

John  Endicott  ...............................................  1651 

Richard  Bellingham  .......................................  1654 

John  Endicott  ...............................................  1655 

Richard  Bellingham  ......  ?  ................................  1665 

John  Leverett  ...............................................  1673 

Simon  Bradstreet  ..........................................  1(579 

Joseph  Dudley,  after  dissolution  ......................  1686 

Sir  Edmond  Andros  .......................................  1687 

Simon  Bradstreet  ..........................................  1(591 

Sir  William  Phips,  under  second  charter  ...........  1692 

Earl  of  Bellemont  ..........................................  1(599 

Joseph  Dudley  ..............................................  1702 

Samuel  Shute  ...............................................  1716 

William  Burnett  ...........................................  1728 

Jonathan  Belcher  ..........................................  1  730 

William  Shirley  ............................................  1740 

Thomas  Pownal  .............................................  1757 

Francis  Bernard  ............................................  1  760 

Thomas  Hutchison  .........................................  1  770 

Thomas  Gage  ................................................  1774 

John  Hancock  ...............................................  17K) 

James  Bowdoin  .............................................  1785 

RHODE   ISLAND. 
(Presidents.) 
John  Coggeshall  ............................................  1647 

Jeremiah  Clarke  ............................................  1648 

John  Smith  ..................................................  1649 

Nicholas  Easton  ............................................  1650 

Roger  Williams  .............................................  1655 

Benedict  Arnold  ............................................  1657 

William  Brenton  ...........................................  1660 

Benedict  Arnold  ...........................................  1662 

Benedict  Arnold  ............................................  1663 

William  Brenton  ...........................................  1666 

Benedict  Arnold  ............................................  1669 

Nicholas  Easton  ............................................  1672 

William  Coddington  ......................................  1674 

Walter  Clarke  ..............................................  1676 

Benedict  Arnold  ...........................................  1677 

John  Cranston  ...............................................  1679 

Peleg  Sanford  ..............................................  1680 

William  Coddington  .......................................  1683 

Henry  Bull  ...................................................  1685 

Walter  Clarke  ..............................................  1686 

Sir  Edmond  Andros  .......................................  1686 

Henry  Bull  ...................................................  1689 


John  Easton 1690 

Caleb  Carr 1695 

Walter  Clarke 1696 

Samuel  Cranston 1698 

Joseph  Jenckes 1727 

William  Wanton 1732 

John  Wanton 1734 

Richard  Ward 1741 

William  Greene 1743 

Gideon  Wanton 1745 

William  Greene 1746 

Gideon  Wanton 1747 

William  Greene 1748 

Stephen  Hopk ins 1755 

William  Greene 1 757 

Stephen  Hopkins 1758 

Samuel  Ward 17(52 

Stephen  Hopkins 1763 

Samuel  Ward 1 765 

Stephen  Hopkins 1767 

Josias  Lynden 1768 

Joseph  Wanton 1769 

Nicholas  Cooke 1 775 

Nicholas  Cooke 1 776 

William  Greene 1 778 

John  Col lins 1786 

CONNECTICUT. 

John  Winthrop 1(565 

William  Leet 1 676 

Robert  Treat 1683 

John  Winthrop 1698 

Gurden  Salstonstall 1703 

•Joseph  Talcott 1 725 

Jonathan  Law 1 742 

Roger  Wolcott 1 751 

Thomas  Fitch 1 7o4 

William  Pitkin 1766 

Jonathan  Tru mbull 17(59 

Matthew  Griswold 17^4 

NEW  YOKK. 

(Dutch  Governors.) 

Adrian  Joris 1623 

Cornelius  Jacobzen  May 1  (524 

William  Verhulst ! 1(525 

Peter  Minuet 1626 

Wouter  Van  Twiller 1  (529 

William  Kieft 1(538 

Peter  Stuvesandt 1 647 

Anthony  Colve 1673 

(British  Governors.) 

Richard  Nicholls 1664 

Francis  Lovelace 1 667 

Sir  Edmond  Andros 1674 

Thomas  Dongan 16S3 

Francis  Nicholson 1 687 

Jacob  Lesler 1690 

Henry  Sloughter 1  (59  L 

Joseph  Dudley 1692 

Richard  Ingoldsby 1 692 

Ben j amin  Fletcher 1  ( 592 

Earl  of  Bellemont '. 1(597 

J  ohn  Nau  fau 1701 

Lord  Cornbury 1702 

Lord  Lovelace 1708 

Richard  Ingoldsby 1709 

Gerardus  Beekman 1710 

Andrew  Hunter 1710 

Peter  Schuyler 1719 

William  Burnet 1720 

John  Montgomerie 1728 

Lewis  Morris 1731 

Rip  Van  Dam 1731 

William  Cosby 1732 

John  Hamilton...  ....1738 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


George  Clark 1736 

George  Clinton 1743 

Danvers  Osborne 1753 

James  De  Lancey 1753 

Sir  Charles  Hardy 1755 

James  De  Lancey 1757 

Cadwallader  Colden 1760 

Robert  Monkton 1762 

Cadwallader  Colden 1763 

Henry  Moore 1765 

Cadwallader  Colden 1769 

Earl  of  Dunmore 1770 

William  Tryon 1771 

Cadwallader  Colden 1775 

James  Robertson 1780 


George  Clinton,  Governor,  Independent* 1777 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Lord  C'ornbury 1730 

Lewis  Morris 1738 

Jonathan  Belcher 1747 

John  Hamilton 1746 

Jonathan  Belcher 1747 

John  Reading 1757 

Francis  Barnard 5  758 

Thomas  Booue 1760 

Thomas  Hardy 1761 

William  Franklin 1763 


John  Dickinson 1782 

John  Cook 1783 

Nicholas  Van  Dyke 1783 

Thomas  Collins 1786 

MARYLAND. 

Lionel  Copley 1692 

Francis  Nicholson 1694 

Nathaniel  Blakiston 1699 

John  Seymour 1704 

John  Hart 1714 

|  Charles  Calvert 1720 

Benedict  Leonard  Calvert 1727 

Charles  Xord  Baltimore 1731 

Samuel  Ogle 1732 

Thomas  Bladen 1742 

Charles  Lord  Baltimore 1746 

Samuel  Ogle 1747 

Frederick  Lord  Baltimore 1752 

Horatio  Sharpe 1753 

Robert  Eden ...1769 


William  Livingston,  Republican 1776 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

William  Penn 1682 

Thomas  Lloyd 1684 

John  Blackwell 1688 

Benjamin  Fletcher 1693 

William  Penn 1699 

Andrew  Hamilton 17 

John  Evans 1704 

Charles  Gookins 1709 

Sir  William  Keith 1717 

Patrick  Gordon 1726 

James  Logan 1736 

George  Thomas 1738 

Anthony  Palmer 1747 

James  Hamilton 1748 

Robert  Hunter  Morris 1754 

William  Denny 1756 

James  Hamilton 1759 

John  Penn 1763 

James  Hamilton 1771 

Richard  Penn 1771 

John  Penn 1773 


Thomas  Wharton,  Republican 1777 

Joseph  Reed 1778 

William  Moore 1781 

John  Dickinson 1782 

Benjamin  Franklin 1785 

DELAWAEE. 

William  Penn 1700 

Sir  William  Keith 1721 

Patrick  Gordon 1726 

George  Thomas 1738 

James  Hamilton 1745 

Robert  Hunter  Morris 1754 

James  '.Hamilton 1760 

John  Penn 1765 

Richard  Penn 1768 

John  Penn 1773 


John  M'Kinley,  Republican 1777 

Caesar  Rodney 1778 


•A  part  of  the  preceding  had  jurisdiction  over  New  Jersey. 


Thomas  Johnson,  Republican 1777 

Thomas  Sim  Lee 1779 

William  Paca 1782 

William  Smallwood 1785 

VIRGINIA. 

Sir  Thomas  Smith 1606 

Edward  M.  Wingfield 1607 

John  Radclif* 1607 

John  Smith 1608 

George  Percy 1610 

Lord  De  La  War '. 1610 

Sir  Thomas  Dale 1611 

Sir  Thomas  Gates 1611 

Sir  Thomas  Dale 1614 

Sir  George  Yeardly 1616 

Sir  Samuel  Argale 1617 

Sir  George  Yeardly 1618 

Sir  Thomas  Wyatt 1621 

Sir  George  Yeardly 1626 

Sir  George  Yeardly 1626 

Francis  West 1627 

Doctor  John  Pott 1628 

Sir  John  Harvey 1629 

John  West 1635 

Sir  John  Harvey 1636 

Sir  Francis  Wyatt 1639 

Sir  William  Berckley 1641 

Frederick  Kempe 1644 

Sir  William  Berckley 1645 

Richard  Burnett 1652 

Edward  Diggs 1655 

Samuel  Matthews 1656 

Sir  William  Berckley 1659 

Francis  Morryson , 1661 

Sir  William  Berckley 1662 

Herbert  Jeffries 1677 

Sir  Henry  Checkley 1678 

Lord  Culpepper,  Governor 1680 

Nicholas  Spencer 1683 

Lord  Howard,  Governor 1684 

Matthew  Bacon 1688 

Francis  Nicholson 1690 

Sir  Edmond  Andros 1692 

Francis  Nicholson 1698 

Edward  Nott 1705 

Edmond  Jennings 1706 

Alexander  Spottswood 1710 

HughDrysdale 1722 

Robert  Carter 1726 

William  Gooch 1727 

Thomas  Lee 1749 

Lewis  Burwell 1749 

Robert  Dinwiddie 1752 


TABULAR     K E  C O  R  D  S . 


Francis  Fauquier 1  a->8 

John  Blair 17G7 

Lord  Botetourt 1™" 

William  Nelson ^2.^ 

Lord  Dunmore 1772 


Patrick  Henry,  Republ  icati 1776 

Thomas  Jefferson 1119 

Thomas  Nelson 1781 

Benjamin  Harrison 1~82 

Patrick  Henry I784 

Edmond  Randolph 1780 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Arth ur  Dobbs 1 

William  Tryon 1 

Josiah  Martin 1 


Charles  Eden 

William  Reed 

Sir  Richard  EveraryL 

Gabriel  Johnson 

Matthew  Rowan. 


715 
722 
727 
73~i 
753 
754 
66 


Richard  Caswell,  Republican 1777 

Abner  Nash 1780 

Thomas  Burke HS1 

Alexander  Martin 1782 

Richard  Caswell 1 785 

Samuel  Johnson ., 17  88 

SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

William  Sayle 1670 

Joseph  West 107 1 

Joseph  Yeaman 1671 

Joseph  West 1 674 

Joseph  Morton 1682 

Joseph  West 1684 

Richard  Kirk 16-4 

Robert  Quarry 16-4 

Joseph  Morton 1 085 

James  Colleton 1 686 

Seth  Sot-hell 1690 

Philip  Ludwell 1692 

Thomas  Smith 1693 

Joseph  Blake 1694 

John  Archdale 1695 

Joseph  Blake 1696 

James  Moore 1 700 

Nathaniel  Johnson 17  03 

Edward  Tyne 1709 

Robert  Gibbs 1710 

<  Charles  Craven 1712 

Robert  Daniel 1716 

Robert  Johnson 1719 

James  Moore 1719 

Arthur  Middleton 1719 

Francis  Nicholson 1 721 

Arthur  Middleton 1 725 

Robert  Johnson *. 1730 

Thomas  Broughton 1735 

William  Bull. 1737 

James  Glenn 1743 

William  H.  Littleton 1756 

William  Bull 1760 

Thomas  Boone 1762 

William  Bull 1763 

Charles  Montague 1766 

William  Bull 1769 

William  Campbell 1775 


John  Rutledge,  Republican 1775 

Rawlins  Lownds 1778 

John  Rutledge 1779 

John  Mathewa ...1782 


Benjamin  Guerard 1783 

William  Moultrie 1785 

Thomas  Pinckney 1 787 

GEORGIA. 

James  Edward  Oglethorpe 1732 

William  Stephens 1743 

Hen ry  Parker 1 7;>1 

John  Reynolds 1 754 

Henry  Ellis 1757 

James  Wright 1760 

James  Habersham 1 771 

WTilliam  Erwin 1 775 

Archibald  Bulloch 1 776 

Button  Gwinnett 1777 

John  A.  Treuitlin 1777 

John  Houston 1778 

John  Wereat 1778 

George  WTalton 1779 

Richard  Howley 1~80 

Stephen  Heard 1781 

Nathan  Brownson 1781 

John   Martin 1782 

Ly man  Hall 1 783 

John  Houston ,1784 

Sam  uel  Elbert 1 785 

Edward  Telfai r 1 7^6 

George  Mathews 1787 

George  Handly 1 788 


THE  STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  GOVERNORS, 
SINCE  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE  FEDERAL 
CONSTITUTION. 

[Obtained  Directly  from  the  Several  Secretaries  of  State.] 

MAINE. 
Name.  T<  rm  of  scri'icc. 

William  King 1820-1822 

Albion  K.  Parris 1822-1827 

Enoch  Lincoln 1827-1829 

Jonathan  G.  Huntoon 1829-1831 

Samuel  E.  Smith 1831-1834 

Robert  P.  Duulup 1834-1838 

Edward  Kent 1838-1839 

JolmFairfield 1839-1840 

Edward  Kent 1840-1841 

John  Fairfield 1841-1843 

Edward  Kavanaugh  (acti :ig) 1 843-1844 

Hugh  J.  Anderson 1844-1847 

John  W.  Dana 1847-1850 

John  Hubbard 1850-1853 

William  G.  Crosby 1853-1855 

Anson  P.  Merrill.. 1855-1856 

Samuel  Wells 1856-1857 

Hannibal  Hamlin 1857-1857 

Joseph  H.  Williams 1857-1858 

LotM.  Morrill 1858-1859 

LotM.  Morrill  (re-elected) 1859-1860 

Israel  Washburne,  Jr 1860-1882 

Abner  Coburn 1862-1863 

Samuel  Cony 1863-1867 

Joshua  L.  Chamberlain 1867-1871 

Sidney  Perham 1871-1874 

Nelson,  Dmgley,  Jr 1874-1876 

Selden  Connor 1876-1879 

Alonzo  Garcelon 1879-1880 

Daniel  F.  Davis 1830-1881 

Harris  M.  Plaisted 1881-1883 

Frederick  Robie 1883. 

Salary,  $2,000. 

Term,  two  years,  since  1880. 

Seat  of  Government,  Augusta. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 
Name.  Ti  rm  of  service. 

Josiali  Bartlett 1792-1794 

John  Taylor  Oilman 1794-1805 

John  Langdon 1805-1809 

Jeremiah  Smith 1809-1810 

John  Langdon 1810-1812 

William  Plumer ]  812-1813 

John  Taylor  Oilman 1814-1816 

William  Plumer 1816-1819 

Samuel  Bell 1819-1823 

Levi  Woodhury 1823-1824 

David  L.  Morrill 1824-1827. 

Benjamin  Pierce 1827-1829 

John  Bell 1829-1830 

Matthew  Harvey 1830-1831 

Joseph  M.  Harper 1831-1831 

Samuel  Dinsmoor 1831-1834 

William  Badger 1834-1836 

Isaac  Hill 1836-1839 

John  Page 1839-1842 

Henry  Hubbard 1842-1844 

John  H.  Steele 1844-1846 

Anthony  Colby 1846-1847 

Jared  W.  Williams 1847-1849 

Samuel  Dinsmoor 1849-1852 

Noah  Martin 1852-1854 

Nathaniel  B.  Baker 1854-1856 

Ralph  Metcalf 1*56-1856 

Ralph  Metcalf 1850-1857 

William  Haile 1857^-1858 

William  Haile  (re-elected) 1858-1859 

Ichabod  Goodwin 1859-1861 

Nathaniel  S.  Berry 1861-1863 

Joseph  A.  Gilmore 1863-1865 

Frederick  Smythe 1865-1867 

Walter  Harriman 1867-1869 

Onslow  Stearns 1869-1871 

James  A.  Weston 1871-1873 

Ezekiel  A.  Straw 1873-1874 

James  A.  Weston 1874-1875 

Person  C.  Cheney '. 1875-1877 

Benjamin  F.  Prescott , 1877-1879 

Natt  Head 1879-1881 

Charles  H.  Bell 1881-1883 

Samuel  W.  Hale 1883-1885 

Moody  Currier 1835- 

Salary,  $1,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Concord. 

VERMONT. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Thomas  Chittenden 1778-1789 

Moses  Robinson 1789-1790 

Thomas  Chittenden 1790-1797 

Paul  Brigham  (Lt.-Gov.  acting). 

Isaac  Tichenor 1797-1807 

Israel  Smith 1807-1808 

Isaac  Tichenor 1808-1809 

Jonas  Galusha 1809-1813 

Martin  Chittenden 1813-1815 

Jonas  Galusha 1815-1820 

Richard  Skinner 1820-1823 

C.  P.  Van  Ness 1823-1826 

Ezra  Butler 1826-1828 

Samuel  C.  Crafts 1828-1831 

William  A.  Palmer 1831-1835 

S.  J.  Jenison  (Lt.-Gov.  acting). 

Silas  A.  Jenison 1835-1841 

Charles  Paine 1841-1843 

John  Mattocks 1843-1844 

William  Slade 1844-1846 

Horace  Eaton 1846-1849 

Carlos  Coolidge 1849-1850 

Charles  K.  Williams 1850-1852 


Erastus  Fairbanks 1852-1853 

John  S.  Robinson 1853-1854 

Stephen  Royce 1854-1856 

Ryland  Fletcher 1856-1858 

Hiland  Hall 1853-1859 

Hiland  Hall  (re-elected) 1*59-1860 

Erastus  Fairbanks 1-60-1861 

Frederick  Holbrook 1861-1863 

J.  Gregory  Smith 1363-1865 

Paul  Dillingham 1865-1867 

John  B.  Page 1867-1869 

Peter  T.  Washburn 1369-1870 

G.  W.  Hendee  (Lt.-Gov.  acting) 1870-1870 

JohnW.  Stewart ...1870-1872 

Julius  Converse 1872-1874 

Isabel  Peck 1874-1878 

Redfield  Poractor 1378-1880 

Roswell  Farnham 1880-1882 

John  L.  Barstow 1882-1884 

Samuel  E.  Pingree 1884— 

Salary,  $1,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Montpelier. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

John  Hancock 1789-1794 

Samuel  Adams 1794-1797 

Increase  Suruner 1797-1799 

Moses  Gill  (acting) 1799-1800 

Caleb  Strong 1300-1807 

James  Sullivan 1807-1808 

Levi  Lincoln  (acting) 1808-1809 

Christopher  Gore 1809-1810 

Elbridge  Gerry 1310-1812 

Caleb  Strong ! ...1312-1816 

John  Brooks 1816-1823 

William  Eustis 1823-1825 

Marcus  Morton  (acting) 1825-1825 

Levi  Lincoln 1825-1834 

John  Davis 1834-1836 

S.  T.Armstrong  (acting) 1836-1836 

Edward  Everett 1836-1840 

Marcus  Morton 1840-1841 

John  Davis 1841-1843 

Marcus  Morton 1843-1844 

George  N.  Briggs 1844-1851 

George  S.  Boutwell 1851-1853 

John  H.  Clifford 1853-1854 

Emory  Washburn 1854-1855 

Henry  J.  Gardner 1855-1858 

Nathaniel  P.  Banks 1858-1861 

John  A.  Andrew 1861-1866 

Alexander  H.  Bullock 1866-1870 

William  Claflin 1870-1872 

William  B.  Washburn 1872-1875 

William  Gaston 1875-1876 

Alexander  H.  Rice 1876-1879 

Thomas  Talbot 1879-1880 

John  D.  Long 1880-1883 

Benjamin  F.  Butler 1833-1884 

George  D.  Robinson lc>84- 

Salary,  $4,000. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Boston. 

BHODE  ISLAND. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Arthur  Fenner 1790-1805 

Henry  Smith  (acting) 1305-1806 

Isaac'Wilbur  (acting) 1*06-1807 

Jamea  Fenner 1807-1811 

William  Jones 1811-1817 

Nehemiah  R.  Knight 1817-1821 

William  C.  Gibbs 1821-1824 

William  Fenner 1824-1831 


TABULAR    .RECORDS. 


Lemuel  H.  Arnold 1831-183c 

John  B.  Francis 1833-1838 

William  Sprague 1833-1839 

Samuel  W.  King  (acting) 1839-1840 

Samuel  W.  King 1840-1843 

James  Fenner 1843-184" 

Charles  Jackson 1845-1846 

Byron  Diman 1846-1847 

'Elisha  Harris 1847-1849 

Henry  B.  Anthony 1849-1851 

Philip  Allen 1851-1852 

William  1'each  Lawrence  (acting) If- 52-1 852 

Philip  Allen 1852-185^ 

Francis  M.  Dimond 1853-1854 

William  W.  Hoppin 1854-1857 

Elisha  Dyer 1857-1859 

Thomas  G.  Turner 1859-1860 

William  Sprague 1860-1861 

John  R.  Bartlett  (acting) 1861-1862 

William  C.  Cozzens  (acting) 1862-1863 

James  Y.  Smith 1863-1866 

Ambrose  E.  Bumsicle 1866-1869 

Seth  Padelford 18U9-1S72 

Henry  Howard 1872-1875 

Henry  Lippett 1875-1877 

Charles  C.  Van  Zandt 1877-1880 

Alfred  H.  Littlefield 1880-1883 

A.  O.  Bowen 1883-1884 

George  P.  Wetmore 1884- 

Salary,  $1,000. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seats   of  Government,    Newport  and  Providence, 
alternately. 


CONNECTICUT. 


Name. 


Term  of  service. 


Samuel  Huntington 1785-1796 

Oliver  Wolcott 1796-1798 

Jonathan  Trumbull 1798-1809 

John  Treadwell 1809-1811 

Roger  Griswold 1811-1813 

John  Cotton  Smith 1813-1818 

Oliver  Wolcott 1818-1827 

Gideon  Tomlinson 1827-1831 

John  S.  Peters 1831-1833 

Henry  W.  Edwards 1833-1834 

Samuel  A.  Foote 1834-1835 

Henry  W.  Edwards 1835-1838 

William  W.  Ellsworth 1838-1842 

Chauncey  F.Cleveland 1842-1844 

Roger  S.  Baldwin 1844-1840 

Isaac  Toucey 1846-1847 

Clark  Bissell 1847-1849 

Joseph  Trumbull 1849-1850 

Thomas  H.  Seymour 1850-1853 

C.  H.  Pond  (acting) 1*53-1854 

Henry  Dutton 1854-1855 

William  T.  Minor 1855-1857 

Alexander  H.  Holley 1S57-1858 

William  A.  Buckingham 1858-1866 

Joseph  R.  Hawley 1866-1807 

James  E.  English 1867-1869 

Marshall  Jewell 1869-1870 

James  E.  English 1870-1871 

Marshall  Jewell 1871-1872 

Charles  R.  Ingersoll 1872-1877 

Richard  D.  Hubbard 1877-1879 

Charles  B.  Andrews 1879-1881 

Hobart  B.  Bigelow 1881-1883 

Thomas  M.  Waller 1883-1885 

Henry  B.  Harrison 1885- 

Salary,  $2,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seats  of  Government,  Hartford  and  New  Haven, 
alternately. 


NEW  YOEK. 


Name. 


Term  of  service. 


George  Clinton 1789-1795 

John  Jay 1795-1801 

George  Clinton 1801-1804 

Morgan  Lewis 1804-1807 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins 1807-1816 

John  Taylor  (acting) 1816-1817 

De  Witt  Clinton 1817-1822 

Joseph  C.  Yates 1822-1824 

De  Witt  Clinton 1824-1827 

Nathaniel  Pitcher  (acting) 1827-1829 

Martin  Van  Buren 1829-1830 

Enos  T.  Throop 1831-1833 

William  L.  Marcy ' 1833-1839 

William  H.  Seward 1839-1843 

William  C.  Bouck 1843-1845 

Silas  Wright 1845-1847 

John  Young....  1847-1849 

Hamilton  Fish 1849-1851 

Washington  Hunt 1851-1853 

Horatio  Seymour 1853-1855 

Myron  H.  Clark 1855-1857 

John  A.  King 1857-1859 

Edwin  D.  Morgan 1859-1863 

Horatio  Seymour 1863-1865 

Reuben  E.  Fenton 1865-1869 

John  T.  Hoffman 1869-1S73 

John  A.  Dix 1873-1875 

Samuel  J.  Tilden 1875-lfc77 

Lucius  Robinson 1877-1880 

Alonzo  B.  Cornell 1880-1883 

Grover  Cleveland 1883-1884 

David  B.  Hill 1884- 

Salary,  $10,000  and  house. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Albany. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Name. 


Term  of  service. 


William  Livingston 1789-1794 

William  Patterson 1794-1794 

Richard   Howell 1794-1801 

Joseph  F.loomfield 1801-1812 

Aaron  Ogden 1812-1813 

William  S.  Pennington 1813-1815 

Mahlon  Dickerson. 1815-1817 

Isaac  H.  Williamson  1817-1829 

Peter  D.  Vromm 1829-1«32 

Samuel  L.  Southard 1832-1H33 

Elias  P.  Seely 1833-1833 

Peter  D.  Vroom 1833-1836 

Philemon   Dickerson 1836-1 837 

William  Pennington 1837-1843 

Daniel  Haines 1843-1844 

Charles  C.  Stratton 1844-1848 

Daniel  Haines 1848-1851 

George  F.  Fort 1851-1854 

Rodman  M.  Price 1854-1857 

William  A.  Newell 1857-1860 

harles  S.  Olden 1860-1803 

Joel  Parker 1863-1 866 

Marcus  L.  Ward 1866-1869 

Theodore  F.  Randolph 1869-1872 

Joel  Parker 1872-1875 

Joseph  D.  Bedle 1875-1878 

George  B.  McClellan 1878-1881 

George  C.  Ludlow 1881-1884 

ieon  Abbett 1884- 

Salary,  $5,000. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Trenton. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Name.  Term  of  service. 

Thomas  Mifflin  ................................  ....1790-1799 

Thomas  McKean  ....................................  1799-1808 

Simon  Snyder  .......................................  1808-1817 

William  Findlay  ...................................  1817-1820 

Joseph  Heister  .......................................  1820-1823 

John  Andrew  Shulze  ..............................  1823-1829 

George  Wolf.  .......................................  1829-1835 

Joseph  Ritner  .......................................  1835-1839 

David  R.  Porter  ....................................  1839-1845 

Francis  R.  Shunk  ...................................  1845-1848 

William  F.  Johnston  ..............................  1848-1852 

William  Bigler  ......................................  1852-1855 

James  Pollock  .......................................  1855-1858 

William  F.  Packer  .................................  1858-1861 

Andrew  G.  Curtin  .................................  1861-1867 

John  W.  Geary  ......................................  1867-1873 

John  F.  Hartranft  .................................  1873-1879 

Henry  M.  Hoyt  .....................................  1879-1883 

Robert  E.  Pattison  ..................................  1883- 

Salary,  $10,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Harrisburg. 

DELAWARE. 

Name.  Term  of  service. 

Joshua  Clayton  ......................................  1789-1796 

Gunning  Bedford  ...................................  1796-1797 

Daniel  Rogers  .......................................  1797-1788 

Richard  Bassett  .....................................  1798-1801 

James  Sykes  (acting)  ..............................  1801-1802 

David  Hall  ...........................................  1802-1805 

Nathaniel  Mitchell  .................................  18(15-1808 

George  Truett  .......................................  18U8-1811 

Joseph  Haslett  ......................................  1811-1814 

Daniel  Rodney  ......................................  1814-1817 

John  Clarke  ..........................................  1817-1820 

Jacob  Stout  (acting)  ..............................  1820-1821 

John  Collins  ..........................................  1821-1822 

Caleb  Rodney  (acting)  ............................  1822-1823 

Joseph  Haslett  ..............  :  ........................  1823-1824 

Samuel  Paynter  ...................................  18:24-1827 

George  Poindexter  .................................  1827-1830 

David  Hazzard  ......................................  1830-1833 

Caleb  P.  Bennett  ..................................  1833-1837 

Cornelius  P.  Comegys  ..........................  1837-1840 

William  B.  Cooper  ..................................  1840-1844 

Thomas  Stockton  ...................................  1844-1846 

Joseph  Maul  (acting)  ..............................  1846-1846 

William  Temple  .....................................  1846-1846 

William  Thorp  ......................................  1846-1851 

William  H.  Ross  ....................................  1851-1855 

Peter  F.  Causey  .....................................  1855-1859 

William  Burton  ....................................  1859-1863 

William  Cannon  ....................................  1863-1865 

Gove  Sanlsbury  ......................................  1865-1871 

James  Ponder  .......................................  1871-1875 

John  P.  Cochran  ....................................  1875-1879 

John  W.  Hall  .....................................  1879-1883 

Charles  C.  Stockley  ................................  1883- 

Salary,  $2,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Dover. 


MARYLAND. 


Term  of  service. 


Thomas  Sim  Lee  ....................................  1792- 

John  H.  Stone  .......................................  1J94 

John  Henry 


Benjamin  O^le 

John  F.  Mercer  ..................................... 

Robert  Bowie 
Robert  Wright 
Edward  Lloyd 

g 


Robert  Bowie 1811-1812 

Levin  Winder 1812-1815 

C.  Ridgely 1815-1818 

C.  W.  Gpldsborough 1818-1819 

Samuel  Sprigg 1819-1822 

Samuel  Stevens 1822-1826 

Joseph  Kent 1826-1829 

Daniel  Martin 1829-1830 

T.  K.  Carroll 1830-1831 

Daniel  Martin 1831-1831 

George  Howard  (acting) 1831-1832 

George  Howard 1832-1833 

James  Thomas..... 1833-1836 

Thomas  W.  Veasay 1836-1838 

William  Grayson 1838-1841 

Francis  Thomas 1841-1844 

Thomas  G.  Pratt 1844-1848 

Philip  F.  Thomas 1848-1851 

Enoch  L.  Lowe 1851-1854 

Thomas  W.  Ligon 1854-1858 

Thomas  H.  Hicks 1858-1862 

Augustus  W.  Bradford 1862-1866 

Thomas  Swann 1866-1867 

Odin  Bowie 1867-1872 

William  Pinckney  White 1872-1875 

James  B.  Groome 1875-1876 

John  Lee  Carroll.. 1876-1880 

William  T.  Hamilton 1^80-1884 

Robert  M.  McLane 1884-1885 

Henry  Lloyd 1885- 

Salary,  $4,500,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Annapolis. 


VIRGINIA. 


Name. 


Term  of  service. 

Beverly  Randolph 1788-1791 

Henry  Lee 1791-1794 

Robert  Brooke 1794-1796 

James  Wood 1796-1791) 

James  Monroe 1799-1802 

John  Page 1802-1805 

William  H.  Cabell 1805-1808 

John  Tyler 1808-11 

James  Monroe 18 

George  W.  Smith 1811-1812 

James  Barbour 1812-1814 

Wilson  C.  Nicholas 1814-18 

James  P.  Preston 1816-1819 

Thomas  M.  Randolph 

James  Pleasants 1822-1825 

John  Tyler 1825-1827 

William  B.  Giles 1827-1830 

John  Floyd 1830-1834 

Littleton  W.  Tazewell 1834-18. 

Windham  Robertson  (acting) 1836-1837 

David  Campbell 1837-1840 

Thomas  W.  Gilmer 1840-1841 

John  Rutherford 1841~*ot2 

John  M.  Gregory 1842-1 

James  McDowell 1843-1846 

William  Smith 1846-1849 

John  B.  Floyd 1849-1852 

Joseph  Johnson 1852-18, 

Henry  A.  Wise 1856-1860 

JohnLetcher 1860-1864 

Francis  H.  Pierpont 1864- 

Heniy  H.  Wells 1868-li 

Gilbert  C.  Walker 1871-18/4 

James  L.  Kemper J^!"}??? 

F.  W.  M.  Holliday 1878- 

William  E.  Cameron 1882-1886 

FitzhughLee 1886- 

Salary,  $5, COO. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Richmond. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


NORTH   CAROLINA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Alexander  Martin 1789-1792 

Richard  D.  Spaight 17,92-1795 

Samuei  Ashe 1795-1798 

William  R.  Davie 1798-1799 

Benjamin  Williams 1799-1802 

James  Turner 1802-1805 

Nathaniel  Alexander 1805-1807 

Benjamin  Williams 1807-1808 

David  Stone 1808-1810 

Benjamin  Smith 1810-1811 

William  Hawkins 1811-1814 

William  Miller 1814-1817 

John  Branch 1817-1820 

Jesse  Franklin 1820-1821 

Gabriel  Holmes 1821-1824 

Hutchins  G.  Burton 1824-1827 

James  Iredell 1827-1828 

John  Owen 1828-1830 

Montfort  Stokes 1830-1832 

David  L.  Swain 1832-1835 

Richard  D.  Spaight 1835-1837 

Edward  B.  Dudley 1837-1841 

John  M.  Morehead 1*41-1845 

William  A.  Graham 1845-1849 

Charles  Manley 1849-1851 

David  S.  Reid 1K51-1855 

Thomas  Bragg 1855-1859 

John  W.  Ellis 1859-1861 

Z.  B.  Vance 1861-1865 

William  W.  Holden  (Provisional) 1*05-1865 

Jonathan  Worth 1H65-1P69 

William  W.  Holden 1869-1873 

Tod  R.  Caldwell 1873-1874 

Curtis  H.  Brogden 1*74-1877 

Zebulon  B.  Vance 1877-1879 

Thomas  J.  Jarvis 1879-1885 

Alfred  M.  Scales 18»5- 

Salary,  $3,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Raleigh. 

SOUTH   CAROLINA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Charles  Pinckney 1 789-1 792 

Arnoldus  Vanderhoi s t 1 792-1794 

William  Moultrie 1 794-1796 

Charles  Pinckney 1796-1798 

Edward  Rutledge 1798-1800 

John  Drayton  (acting) 1800-1800 

John  Drayton  (acting) 1800-1802 

James  B.  Richardson 1802-1804 

Paul  Hamilton 1804-1806 

Charles  Pinckney 1806-1808 

John  Drayton 1808-1810 

Henry  Middleton 1810-1812 

Joseph  Alston 1812-1814 

David  R.  Williams 1814-1816 

Andrew  J.  Pickens 1 816-1818 

John  Geddes 1818-1820 

Thomas  Bennet 1820-1822 

John  L.  Wilson 1822-1824 

Richard  I.  Manning 1824-1826 

John  Taylor 1826-1828 

Stephen  D.  Miller 1828-1830 

James  Hamilton 1830-1*32 

Robert  Y.  Hayne 1832-1834 

George  McDuffie 1*:J4-1836 

Pierce  M.  Butler .1836-1838 

Patrick  Noble 1838-1840 

B.  K.  Hennegan  (acting) 1840-1840 

J.  P.  Richardson 1840-1842 

James  H.  Hammond 1842-1844 

William  Aiken 1844-1*46 


David  Johnson 1846-1843 

W.  B.  Seabrook 1848-1850 

John  H.  Means 1850-1852 

John  L.  Manning 1852-1851 

James  H.  Adams 1854-1856 

R.  F.  W.  Alston 1856-1858 

William  H.  Gist 1858-1860 

Francis  W.  Pickens 1860-1862 

M.  L.  Bonham 1862-1864 

A.  G.  Magrath 1864-1865 

Benjamin  F.  Perry  (Provisional) 1865-1866 

James  L.  Orr 1866-1869 

Robert  K.  Scott 1869-1873 

F.  J.  Moses,  Jr 1873-1875 

Daniel  H.  Chamberlain 1875-1876 

Wade  Hampton 1876-1879 

W.  D.  Simpson 1879-1880 

Thomas  B.  Jeter  (acting) 1880-1880 

Johnson  Hagood 1880-1882 

Hugh  8.  Thompson 1882- 

Salary,  $3,500. 

Term,  two  years. 
\      Seat  of  Government.  Columbia. 


GEORGIA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

George  Walton 1789-1790 

Edward  Telfair 1790-1793 

George  Matthews 1793-1796 

Jared  Irwin 1796-1798 

James  Jackson 1798-1801 

David  Emanuel  (acting) 1801-1801 

Josiah  Tatnall 1801-1802 

John  Milledge 1802-1806 

Jared  Irwin 1806-1809 

David  B.  Mitchell 1809-1813 

Peter  Early 1813-1815 

David  B.  Mitchell 1815-1817 

William  Raburn 1817-1819 

Matthew  Talbot  (acting) 1819-1819 

John  Clark 1819-1823 

George  M.  Troup 1823-1827 

John  Foray th 1827-1829 

George  R.  Gilmer 1829-1831 

Wilson  Lumpkin 1831-18:55 

William  Schley 1835-18.37 

George  R.  Gilmer 1837-18:59 

Charles  J.  McDonald 1839-1843 

George  W.  Crawford 1843-1847 

George  W.  B.  Towns 1847-1851 

Howell  Cobb 1851-1853 

Herschel  V.  Johnson 1853-1857 

Joseph  E.  Brown 1857-1865 

James  Johnson  (Provisional) 1865-1865 

Charles  J.  Jenkins 1865-1869 

Rufus  B.  Bullock 1869-1872 

James  Milton  Smith 1872-1877 

Alfred  H.  Colquitt 1877-1882 

Alexander  H.  Stephens 1882-1883 

Henry  D.  Mo.Daniel 1883- 

Salary,  $4,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Milledgeville. 

FLOEUDA. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

William  P.  Duval 1822-1834 

John  H.  Eaton ..., 1834-1836 

Richard  K.  Call 1836-1839 

Robert  R.  Reid 1839-1841 

Richard  K.  Call 1841-1844 

John  Branch 1844-1845 

(State.) 
William  D.  Moseley 1845-1849 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


XClX 


Term 


Thomas  Brown 1849-1853 

James  E.  Broome 1853-1857 

Madison  S.  Perry 1857-1861 

John  Milton 1861-1864 

William  Marvin  (Provisional) 1865-1866 

David  S.  Walker 1866-1869 

Harrison  Reed 1869-1873 

O.  B.  Hart 1873-1874 

M.  L.  Stearns 1874-1877 

George  F.  Drew 1877-1881 

William  D.  Blexham 1881-1885 

Edward  A.  Perry 1885- 

Salary,  $3,500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Tallahassee. 

ALABAMA. 

Name. 

William  W.  Bibb 

Thomas  Bibb 

Israel  Pickena 

John  Murphy 

Gabriel  Moore 

John  Gayle 

Clement  C.  Clay 

Arthur  P.  Bagby 

Benjamin  Fitzpatrick 

Joshua  L.  Martin 

Reuben  Chapman 

Henry  W.  Collier 

John  A.  Winston 

Andrew  B.  Moore 

John  G.  Shorter 

Thomas  H.  Watts 

Lewis  E.  Parsons  (Provisional).. 

R.  M.  Patton 

Win.  H.  Smith 

Robert  B.  Lindsay 

David  P.  Lewis 

George  S.  Houston 

R.  W.  Cobb 

E.  A.  O'Neal 

Salary,  $3,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Montgomery. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Winthrop  Sargent 1798-1802 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 1802-1805 

Robert  Williams 1805-1809 

David  Holmes 1809-1817 

(State.) 

David  Holmes 1817-1819 

George  Poindexter 1819-1821 

Walter  Leake 1821-1825 

David  Holmes 1825-1827 

Gerard  C.  Brandon 1827-1831 

Abraham  M.  Scott 1831-1833 

Hiram  G.  Runnels 1833-1835 

Charles  Lynch 1835-1837 

Alexander  G.  McNutt 1837-1841 

Tilgham  M.  Tucker 1841-1843 

Albert  G.  Brown 1*43-1848 

Joseph  W.  Mathews 1848-1850 

John  A.  Quitman 1850-1851 

John  J.  Guion  (acting) 1851-1851 

James  Whitfield 1851-1852 

Henry  S.  Foote 1852-1854 

John  J.  MacRae 1*54-1858 

William  McWillie 1858-1860 

John  J.  Pettus 1860-1862 

Jacob  Thompson 1862  

Wm.  L.  Sharkey  (Provisional)  18(55-1866 

Benjamin  G.  Humphries 1866-1868 


of  service. 
1819-1820 
1820-1821 
1821-1825 
1825-1829 
1829-1831 
1831-1835 
1835-1837 
1837-1841 
1841-1845 
1845-1847 
1*47-1849 
1849-1853 
1*53-1857 
1857-1861 
1861-1863 
1*63-1865 
1*65-1865 
1-65-1869 
1*69-1871 
1*71-1872 
1*72-1874 
1*74-1878 
1H78-1882 
18*2- 


JamesL.  Alcorn 1868-1870 

R.  C.  Powers 1870-1874 

Adelbert  Ames 1874-1876 

John  M.  Stone 1876-1882 

Robert  Lowery 1882- 

Salary,  $4,000. 
Term,  four  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Jackson. 
LOUISIANA. 
(Territory  of  Orleans.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 1804-1812 

(State.) 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 1812-1816 

James  Villare 1816-1820 

Thomas  B.  Robertson 1820-1822 

H.  S.  Thibodeaux  (acting) 1822-1824 

Henry  Johnson 1824-1828 

Peter  Derbigney 1828-1829 

A.  Bauvais  (acting) 1829-1830 

Jacques  Dupre  (acting)  1830-1830 

Andre  B.  Roman 1830-1834 

Edward  D.  White 1834-1838 

Andre  B.  Roman 1838-1841 

Alexander  Mouton 1841-1845 

Isaac  Johnson 1845-1850 

Joseph  Walker 1850-1854 

Paul  O.  Hebert 1854-1858 

R.  C.  Wickliffe 1853-1860 

Thomas  O.  Moore ..1860-1864 

Michael  Hahn 1864-1864 

James  M.  Wells 1864-1867 

B.  F.  Flanders  (by  militarv  authority) 1867-1868 

Henry  C.  Warmouth " 1868-1872 

William  Pitt  Kellogg 1872-1876 

Francis  T.  Nichols 1876-1880 

Louis  A.  Wiltz 1880-1881 

Samuel  D.  McEnery 1881- 

Salary,  $8,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  New  Orleans. 

TEXAS. 
Name. 

J.  Pinckney  Henderson 

George  T.  Wood 

P.   H.  Bell 

Edward  M.  Pease 

H.  G.  Runnels 

Sam   Houston 

F.   R.  Lubbeck 

A.  J.  Hamilton  (Provisional)... 

J.  W.  Throckmorton 

E.  M.  Pease 

Edmund  J.  Davis 

Richard    Coke 

Richard  B.  Hubbard 

O.  M.  Roberts 

John  Ireland 

Salary,  $4,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Austin. 

ARKANSAS. 
(Territory.) 
tfame.  Term  of  service. 

James  Miller 1819-1825 

George  Izard 1825-1829 

John  Pope 1829-1835 

William  S.  Fulton 1835-1838 

(State.) 

James  S.  Conway 1836-1840 

Archibald  Yell 1840-1844 

Samuel  Adams  (acting) i*44-1844 

ThomasS.  Drew 1-44-1848 


Term  of  service. 

1846-1847 

1*47-1849 

1849-1853 

1853-1857 

1857-1859 

1859-1861 

1861-1865 

1865-1866 

1866-1867 

1867-1870 

1870-1874 

1874-1876 

1876-1879 

1879-1883 

....1883- 


TABULAE     RECORDS. 


of  service. 
1796-1801 
1» 


John  S.  Roane  ....................................... 

Elias  N.  Conway  ................................... 

Henry  M.  Eector  ................................. 

Isaac  Murphy  ....................................... 

Powell  Clayton  ........  .  ............................. 

O.  A.  Hadley  (ex  off.)  ............................. 

Harris  Flannegan  ............................  ...... 

Elisha  Baxter  ....................................... 

A.  H.  Garland  ....................................... 

William  E.  Miller  ................................. 

Thomas  J.  Churchill  ....................  f  ......... 

James  H.  Berry  .................................... 

Simon  P.  Hughes  ................................... 

Salary,  $3,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Little  Eock. 

TENNESSEE. 

Name  Term 

JohnSevier  .......................................... 

Archibald  Eoane  .................................... 

JohnSevier  .......................................... 

William  Blount  .................................... 

Joseph  McMinn  .................................... 

William  Carroll  .................................... 

Sam  Houston  ......................................... 

William  Carroll  .................................... 

Newton  Cannon  .................................... 

James  K.  Polk  ...................................... 

James  C.  Jones  ..................................... 

Aaron  V.  Brown  .................................... 

Neil  S.  Brown  ....................................... 

William  Trousdale  ................................ 

William  B.  Campbell..  ........................... 

Andrew  Johnson,  .................................. 

Isham  G.  Harris  .................................... 

Andrew  Johnson  (military)  ..................... 

W.  G.  Brownlow  .................................... 

De  Witt  C.  Senter  ................................. 

JohnC.  Brown  ....................................... 

James  D.  Porter,  Jr  ............................... 

Albert  S.  Marks  ................................... 

Alvin  Hawkins  ...................................... 

William  B.  Bate  .................................... 

Salary,  $4,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Nashville. 

KENTUCKY. 

Name.  Term  of  service. 

Isaac  Shelby  ..........................................  1792-1796 

James  Garrard  .......................................  1796-1804 

Christopher  Greenup  ..............................  1804-1808 

Charles  Scott  .........................................  1808-1812 

Isaac  Shelby  ..........................................  1812-1816 

George  Madison  .....................................  1816-1816 

G.  Slaughter  (acting)  ..............................  1816-1820 

JohnAdair  ...........................................  1820-1824 

Joseph  Desha  ........................................  1824-1828 

Thomas  Metcalfe  ....................................  1828-1832 

John  Breathitt  ......................................  1832-1834 

J.  T.  Morehead  (acting)  ..........................  1834-1836 

James  Clark  ..........................................  1836-1837 

C.  A.  Wickliffe  (acting)  ..........................  1839-1840 

EobertP.  Leteher  ..................................  1840-1844 

William  Owsley  ...................................  1844-1848 

John  J.  Crittenden  .................................  1848-1850 

John  L.  Helm  (acting)  ...........................  1850-1851 

Lazarus  W.  Powell  .................................  1851-1855 

Charles  S.  Morehead  ...............................  1855-1859 

Beriah  Magoffin  .....................................  1859-1861 

J.  F.  Eobinson  ...........  .  ..........................  1861-1863 

Thomas  E.  Bramlette  .............................  1863-1867 

John  L.  Helm  .......................................  1867-1867 

John  W.  Stevenson  (acting)  .....................  1867-1868 

John  W.  Stevenson  .................................  1868-1871 

P.  H.  Leslie  ..........................................  1871-1875 


1809- 

1815-1821 

1821-1827 

1827-1829 

1829-1835 

1835-1839 

1839-1841 

1841-1845 

1845-1847 

1847-1849 

1849-1851 

1851-1853 

1853-1857 

1857-1861 

1862-1864 

1865-1869 

1869-1871 

1871-1875 

1875-1879 

1879-1881 

1881-1883 

1883- 


James  B.  McCreary 1875-1879 

Luke  P.  Blackburn 1879-1883 

J.  Proctor  Knott 1883- 

Salary,  $5,000,  and  house  furnished. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Frankfort. 


(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Arthur  St.  Clair 17881803 

(State.) 

Edward  Tiffin 1803-1807 

Thomas  Kirker  (acting) 1807-1807 

Samuel  Huntington 1808-1810 

Eeturn  J.  Meigs 1810-1814 

Othniel  Looker  (acting) 1814-1814 

Thomas  Worthington 1814-1818 

Ethan  Allen  Brown 1818-1822 

Allen  Trimble  (acting) 1822-1822 

Jeremiah  Morrow 1822-1826 

Allen  Trimble 1826-1830 

Duncan  McArthur 1830-1832 

Robert  Lucas 1832-1836 

Joseph  Vance 1836-1838 

Wilson  Shannon 1838-1840 

Thomas  Corwin 1840-1842 

Wilson  Shannon 1842-1844 

Thomas  W.  Bartley  (acting) 1844-1844 

Mordecai  Bartley 1844-1846 

William  Bebb 1846-1848 

Seabury  Ford 1848-1850 

Reuben  Wood 1850-1853 

William  Medill 1853-1856 

Salmon  P.  Chase 1856-1860 

William  Dennison 1860-1862 

David  Tod 1862-1864 

John  Brough 1864-1865 

Charles  Anderson  (acting) 1865-1866 

Jacob  D.  Cox 1866-1868 

Eutherford  B.  Hayes 1868-1872 

Edward  F.  Noyes, 1872-1874 

William  Allen 1874-1876 

Eutherford  B.  Hayes 1876-1876 

Thomas  L.  Young 1876-1878 

Eichard  M.  Bishop 1878-1880 

Charles  Foster 1880-1884 

George  Hoadley 1884-1886 

Joseph  B.  Foraker 1886- 

Salary,  $4,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Columbus. 

MICHIGAN. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

William  Hull 1805-1814 

Lewis  Cass 1814-1831 

George  B.  Porter 1831-1834 

Stevens  T.  Mason  (acting) 1834-1835 

J.  S.  Homer  (acting) 1835-1836 

(State.) 

Stevens  T.  Mason 1836-1840 

William  Woodbridge 1840-1841 

J.  W.  Gordon  (acting) 1841-1842 

John  S.  Barry 1842-1846 

AlpheusFelch 1846-1847 

W.  L.  Greenley  (acting) 1847-184H 

Epaphroditus  Ransom 1848-1850 

John  S.  Barry 1850-1852 

Robert  McClelland : 1852-1853 

A.  Parsons  (acting) 1853-1855 

Kinsley  S.  Bingham 1855-1857 

Kinsley  S.  Bingham 1857-1859 

Moses  Wisner 1859-1861 

Austin  Blair 1861-1865 

Henry  H.  Crapo 1865-1869 


TABULAR    RECORDS. 


ef 


Henry  P.  Baldwin 1869-187' 

John  J.  Bagley 1873-1877 

Charles  M.  Croswell 1877-1*81 

David  H.  Jerome 1881-1881 

Josiah  W.  Begole 1883-1885 

Russell  A.  Alger 1885- 

Salary,  $1,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Lansing. 

INDIANA. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service 

William  H.  Harrison 1800-1811 

John  Gibson  (acting) 1811-18K: 

Thomas  Posey 1813-1816 

(State.) 

Jonathan  Jennings 1816-182-2 

William  Hendricks 1822-1825 

James  Brown  Ray 182V-1831 

Noah  Noble 1831-1837 

David  Wallace 1837-1840 

Samuel  Bigger 1840-1843 

James  Whitcomb 1843-1848 

Paris  C.  Dunning 1848-1849 

Joseph  A.  Wright 1849-1857 

Ashbel  P.  Willard 1857  Died 

Abraham  A.  Hammond.... 18(50-1861 

Henry  S.  Lane 1861-1861 

Oliver  P.  Morton 18J1-18G7 

Conrad  Baker 1867-1873 

Thomas  A.  Hendricks 1873-1877 

James  D.  Williams 1*77-1880 

Isaac  P.  Gray  (acting) 18*0-1881 

Albert  G.  Porter 1881-1885 

Isaac  P.  Gray 1885- 

Salary,  $5,000. 
Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Indianapolis. 
ILLINOIS. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Ninian  Edwards 1809-1818 

(State  ) 

Shadrach  Bond 1818-1822 

Edward  Coles.....' 1822-1826 

Ninian  Edwards 1826-1830 

John  Reynolds 1830-1834 

Joseph  Ducan 1834-1838 

Thomas  Carlin 1838-1842 

Thomas  Ford 1842-1846 

Augustus  C.  French 1846-1853 

Joel  A.  Matteson 1853-1857 

William  H.  Bissell 1857-1860 

John  Wood  (acting) 1860-1861 

Richard  Yates 18;il-1865 

Richard  J.  Oglesby 1865-1869 

John  M.  Palmer 1869-1873 

John  L.  Beveridge 1873-1877 

Shelby  M.  Cullom 1877-1883 

John  M.  Hamilton 1883-1885 

Richard  J.  Oglesby 1885- 

Salary,  $6,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Springfield. 

MISSOURI. 
(Territory.) 

frame.  Term  of  service. 

Benjamin   Howard 1812  

William  Clark 

(State.) 

Alexander  McNair 1820-1824 

Frederick  Bates ..1824-1826 

John  Miller 1826-1832 

Daniel  Dunklin 1832-1836 


L.  W.  Boggs 1836-1840 

Thomas  Reynolds 1840-1844 

John  C.  Edwards 1844-1848 

Austin  A.  King 1848-1853 

Sterling  Price 1853-1857 

Trusten  Polk 1857-1857 

Hancock  Jackson  (acting) 1857-1857 

R.  M.  Stewart 1857-1861 

Claiborne  F.  Jackson 1861-1861 

H.  R.  Gamble 1861-1864 

Thomas  C.  Fletcher 1^64-1868 

Joseph  W.  McClurg.. I*fi8-1871 

B.  Gratz  Brown. 1*71-1873 

Silas  Woodson 1*73-1875 

Charles  H.  Hardin 1  75-1877 

John  S.  Phelps 1877-1881 

Thomas  T.  Crittenden 1-81-1885 

J.  S.  Marmaduke 1385- 

Salary,  $5,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Jefferson  City. 

IOWA. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Robert  Lucas 1838-1841 

John  Chambers 1841-1846 

James  Clark 1846-1846 

'State.) 

Ansel  Brigss 1846-1850 

Stephen  Hem pstead 1850-1854 

James  W.  Grimes 1*54-1858 

Ralph  P.  Lowe 1858-1860 

S.  J.  Kirkwood 1*60-1864 

William  M.  Stone 1864-1868 

Samuel  Merrill 1*68-1872 

C.  C.  Carpenter 1872-1876 

S.  J.  Kirkwood 1876-1877 

Joshua  G.  Newbold 1877-1878 

John  H.  Gear 1878-1882 

Buren  R.  Sherman 1. -82-1886 

William  Larrabee 1*86- 

Salary,  $3,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Des  Moines  City. 

WISCONSIN. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Henry  Dodge 1836-1841 

James  D.  Doty 1*41-1844 

Nathaniel  P.  Tallmadge 1*44-1845 

Henry  Dodge 1845-1848 

(State  ) 

Nelson  Dewey 1848-1851 

Leonard  J.  Far  well , 1851-1853 

William  A.  Barstow 1853-1855 

Coles  Bashford 1855-1857 

Alexander  W.  Randall 1*57-1861 

Edward  Solomon 1*61-1863 

James  T.  Lewis 1863-1866 

ucius  Fairchild 1866-1872 

D.  C.  Washburne 1872-1874 

William  B.  Taylor 1874-1876 

Harrison  Luddington 1876-1878 

William  E.  Smith 1878-1882 

Jeremiah  M.  Rusk 1882- 

Salary,  $5,000. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Madison. 

CALIFORNIA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Jeter  H.  Burnett 1849-1851 

John  McDougall  (acting) 1851-1852 

ohn  Bigler , 1852-1856 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


J.  Neely  Johnson 1856-1858 

John  B.  Weller 1858-1860 

M.  S.  Latham 1860-1862 

John  G.  Downey 1860-1862 

Leland  Stanford 1862-1863 

Frederick  F.  Low 1863-1868 

Henry  H.  Haight 1868-1871 

Newton  Booth 1871-1875 

William  Irwin 1875-1879 

George  C.  Perkins 1879-1883 

George  Stoneman 1883- 

Salary,  $6,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Sacramento. 

MINNESOTA. 

(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Alexander  Ramsey 1849-1853 

Willis  A.  Gorman 1853-1857 

Samuel  Medary 1857-1858 

(State.) 

Henry  H.  Sibley 1858-1858 

Alexander  Ramsey 1858-1862 

Stephen  Miller 1862-1866 

William  R.  Marshall 1866-1870 

Horace  Austin 1870-1874 

C.  R.  Davis 1874-1876 

John  S.  Pillsbury 1876-1862 

Lucius  F.  Hubbard 1882- 

Salary,  $3,800. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  St.  Paul 

OREGON. 
(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

James  Shields 1848 

Joseph  Lane : 1848 

John  P.  Gaines 1850 

Joseph  Lane 1853 

John  W.  Davis 1853 

George  L.  Curry 1854 

(State.) 

John  Whittaker 1859-1862 

A.  C.  Gibbs 1862-1866 

George  L.  Woods 1866-1870 

L.  F.  Grover 1870-1877 

S.  F.  Chadwick 1877-1878 

W.  W.  Thayer 1878-1882 

F.  F.  Moody 1832- 

Salary,  $1,500. 
Term,  four  years. 
Seat  of  Government,  Salem. 
« 

KANSAS. 

(Territory.) 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

A.  H.  Reeder jg54 

John  L.  Dawson  (declined) ...1855 

Wilson  Shannon ...1855 

John  W.  Geary... 

R.  J.  Walker..  "2"'"."".      '.'.1857 

J.  W.Denver 1858 

F.  P.  Stanton 1858 

(State.) 

Lnarles  Robinson 1861 

Thomas  Carney .' . .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  1861-1864 

S.  J.  Crawford 1864-1869 

James  M.  Harvey; 1869-1873 

Thomas  A.  Osborne 1873-1877 

George  T.  Anthony 1877-1879 

John  P.  St.  John .........1879-1883 

George  W.  Glick 1883-1885 


John  A.  Martin  .....................................  1885- 

Salary,  $3,000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Topeka. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Name.  Term  of  service* 

Arthur  I.  Boreman  .................................  1861-1869 

William  E.  Stevenson  .............................  1869-1871 

John  J.  Jacob  .......................................  1871-1877 

Henry  M.  Matthews  ..............................  1877-1881 

Jacob  B.  Jackson  ...................................  1881-1885 

E.  Willis  Wilson  ....................................  1885- 

Salary,  $2,700. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Wheeling. 

NEVADA. 
(Territory.) 

Name.  Term  of  service. 

James  W.  Nye  .......................................  1861-1864 

(State  ) 
H.  G.  Blaisdell  ......................................  1864-1871 

James  A.  Weston  ...................................  1871-1872 

L.  R.  Bradley  .......................................  1872-1878 

John  H.  Kinkead  ...................................  1878-1883 

Jewett  W.  Adams  ...........  .  ...........  1883- 

Salary,  $5,000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Carson  City. 

NEBRASKA. 
(Territory.) 

Term  of  service. 
William  O.  Butler  (declined)  ............................  1854 

Francis  Burt  .................................................  1854 

Mark  W.  Izard  ..............................................  1854 

William  A.  Richardson  ...................................  1857 

Samuel  W.  Black  ..........................................  1861 

Alvin  Saunders 


(State  ) 
David  Butler  ........................................  1867-1871 

William  H.  James  .................................  1871-1873 

R.  W.  Furnas  .................  ......................  .1873-1875 

Silas  Garber  ..........................................  1875-1879 

Albinus  Nance  ......................................  1879-1883 

James  W.  Dawes  ..........................  1883- 

Salary,  $:2,500. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Omaha  City. 

COLORADO. 
(Territory.) 

Name.  Term  of  service. 

John  Evans  ..................................................  1861 

Alexander  Cummings  ....................................  1865 

A.  C.  Hunt  .............  .  ...............................  ....'..1867 

E.  M.  McCook  ...............................................  1869 

John  L.  Routt  ..............................................  1875 

J.  M.  Tyner  ..................................................  1875 

(State.) 
John  L.  Routt  .......................................  1876-  1879 

F.  W.  Pitkin  .........................................  1879-1883 

James  B.  Grant  ....................................  1883-1885 

Benjamin  H.  Eaton  ................................  188&- 

Salary,  $3,t)00. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Denver. 

TERRITORY  OF  NEW  MEXICO. 
Name.  Term  of  service,. 

James  S.  Calhoun  .........................................  1851 

William  CarrLane  .........................................  185% 

Solon  Borland  ............................................  '1853 

David  Merriwether  .......................................  *B63 


TABULAK     K'ECOKDS. 


John  Greiner ...1855 

Abraham  Rencher 1857 

Henry  Connelly ....."!.!!!l861 

Robert  B.  Mitchell 1865 

W.  M.  T.  Arny  (acting) 186 

William  A.  Pile 186 

Charles  "C.  Crowe ...186 

Willard  Warner 1871 

Marsh  Giddings 187 

Samuel  B.  Axtell 187 

Lewis  Wallace 1878 

L.  A.  Sheldon j 

E.  G.  Eoss I 

Salary,  $-2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Santa  Fe. 

TERRITORY  OF  UTAH. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Brigham  Young 1850 

Edward  J.  Steptoe 1854 

Alfred  Cummings 1857 

S.  S.  Harding 1861 

James  D.  Doty 1864 

Charles  Durkee 1865 

I.  Wilson  Shaffer 1870 

Vernon  H.  Vaughn 1870 

George  L.  Woods 1871 

S.  B.  Axtell 1874 

George  W.  Emory 1875 

Eli  H.  Murray.. ' 1880 

Salary,  $2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Salt  Lake  City. 


Name. 


WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

Term  of  service. 


Isaac  I.  Stevens 1853 

J.  Patton  Anderson 1857 

Fayette  McMullen 1857 

Bichard  D.  Gholson 1861 

William  H.  Wallace 1861 

William  Pickering 1861 

Marshall  F.  Moore 1867 

Alvin  Flanders 1869 

Edward  S.  Salomon 1870 

James  F.  Legate 1872 

ElishaP.  Ferry 1872 

William  A.  Newell 1880 

Watson  C.  Squire 1884 

Salary,  $2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Olympia. 

TERRITORY  OF  DAKOTA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

William  Jayne 1861 

Newton  Edmunds 1863 

Andrew  J.  Faulk 1866 

John  A.  Burbank 1869 

John  L.  Pennington 1874 

William  A.  Howard 1878 


Nehemiah  G.  Ordway 1H80 

Gilbert  A.  Pierce 1884 

Salary,  $2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Yankton. 


Name. 


TERRITORY   OF  ARIZONA. 

Term  of  set-vice. 

John  A.  Gurley  (declined) 1862 

John  N.  Goodwin 1863 

M.  M.  Crocker  (military) 1864 

Richard  C.  McCormick J.866 

A.  P.  K.  Safford 1869 

John  C.  Fremont 1878 

Frederick  A.  Trifle 1882 

C.  M.  Zulick 1885 

Salary,  $2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Prescott. 

TERRITORY  OF  IDAHO. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

William  H.  Wallace 1863 

Caleb  Lyon,  of  Lyonsd-ile 1864 

David  W.  Ballard 1866 

Samuel  Bard 1870 

Gilman  Marston 1870 

Alexander  Connor 1871 

Thomas  M.  Bowen 1871 

Thomas  W.  Bennett 1871 

Mason  Brayman 1876 

John  B.  Neil 1880 

John  N.  Irwin 1883 

E.  A.  Stevenson 1885 

Salary,  $3,500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Boise  City. 

TERRITORY  OF  MONTANA. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

Sidney  Edgerton 1864 

Francis  Meagher  (acting) 1865 

Green  Clay  Smith 1866 

James  M.  Ashley 1869 

Benjamin  F.  Potts 1870 

John  S.  Crosby 1883 

S.  T.  Houser 1885 

Salary,  $3,500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Virginia  City. 

TERRITORY  OF  WYOMING. 
Name.  Term  of  service. 

ames  A.  Campbell 1869 

ohn  M.  Thayer ..1875 

ohn  W.  Hoyt 1878 

William  Hale 1882 

Brands  E.  Warren 1886 

Salary,  $2,600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Cheyenne. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


SETTLEMENT  OF   STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 

THE  THIRTEEN  ORIGINAL  STATES  THAT  FORMED   AND  CONFIEMED  THE  UNION,  BY  THE  ADOPTION 
OF  THE  CONSTITUTION,    ARE  AS   FOLLOWS  : 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

,  First  settled  at  Dover  and  Portsmouth,  in  1623,  by 
the  English  Puritans. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and 
continued  under  the  same  jurisdiction  until  Septem 
ber  18,  1679,  when  a  separate  charter  and  govern 
ment  was  granted.  A  Constitution  was  formed  Jan 
uary  5,  1776,  which  was  altered  in  1784,  and  was 
farther  altered  and  amended  February  13,  1792. 

This  State  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  June  21,  1788. 

Area  9,280  square  miles.  Population  in  1850,  317,- 
976;  1860,  326,073;  1870,  318,300;  1880,  346,991. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

First  settled  at  Plymouth,  by  English  Puritans 
from  Holland,  who  landed,  December  22,  1620. 

Chartered,  March  4,  1629;  also  chartered,  January 
30,  1630;  an  explanatory  charter  granted,  August  20, 
1726;  and  more  completely  chartered,  October  7, 
1731.  Formed  a  Constitution,  March  2,  1780,  which 
was  altered  and  amended,  November  3,  1820,  and  on 
several  occasions  since  that  time. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  Feb 
ruary  6,  1798. 

Area,  7,800  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
994.:>14;  1860,  1,231,066;  1870,  1,457,351;  1880, 
1,783,085. 

RHODE    ISLAND. 

First  settled  at  Providence,  in  1636,  by  Roger  Wil 
liams  and  the  English. 

Was  chartered  by  Parliament  in  1644;  by  King 
Charles  II.  in  1663,  which  charter  was  abrogated  in 
1776.  Had  an  unwritten  Constitution  until  1842, 
when  a  written  Constitution  was  adopted. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May 
29,  1790. 

Area,  1,306  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
147,545;  1860,  174,620;  1870,  217,353;  1880,  276,531. 

CONNECTICUT. 

First  settled  at  Windsor,  in  1635,  by  English  Pur 
itans. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and 
continued  under  the  same  jurisdiction  until  April  23, 
1662,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which 
continued  in  force  until  a  Constitution  was  formed, 
September  15,  1818. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  Jan 
uary  9, 1788. 

Area,  4,750  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
370,792;  1860,  460,147;  1870,  537,454;  1880,  622,700. 

NEW  YORK. 

First  settled  on  Manhattan  Island,  in  1614,  by  the 
Dutch. 

Granted  to  Duke  of  York,  March  20, 1664,  April  26, 
1664,  and  June  24,  1664.  Newly  patented,  February 
9,  1674;  formed  a  Constitution,  April  20,  1777,  which 
was  amended  October  27,  1801,  and  further  amended 
November  10,  1821.  A  new  Constitution  was  formed 
in  1846. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  July 
26,  1788. 

Area,  47,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1850 
3,097,394;  1860,  3,880,735;  1870,  4,382,759;  1880, 
5,082,871. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

First  settled  at  Bergen,  in  1620,  by  the  Swedes, 
Dutch,  and  Danes. 

Held  under  the  same  grants  as  New  York;  separ 
ated  into  East  and  West  Jersey,  March  3, 1677.  The 
government  surrendered  to  the  Crown  in  1702,  and 
so  continued  until  a  formation  of  a  Constitution, 
July  2,  1776. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  De 
cember  18,  1787. 

Area,  8,320  square,  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
48,»,555;  1860,  672,035;  1870,  906,096;  1880,  1,131,- 
116. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

First  settled  on  the  Delaware  River,  in  1682,  by 
William  Penn  and  the  English. 

Chartered,  February  28,  1681 ;  formed  a  Constitu 
tion,  September  28,  1776;  amended,  September  2, 
1790,  and  in  1838,  and  in  1857;  also  in  1873. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  De 
cember  12,  1787. 

Area,  46,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
2,311,786;  1860,  2,906,215;  1870,  3,521,951;  1880, 
4,282,891. 

DELAWARE. 

First  settled  at  Cape  Henlopen,  in  1627,  by  Swedes 
and  Finns. 

Embraced  in  the  charter  and  continued  under  the 
government  of  Pennsylvania  until  the  formation  of  a 
Constitution,  September  20,  1776;  anew  Constitution 
formed,  June  12,  1792,  and  amended  in  1831. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  De 
cember  7,  1787. 

Area,  2,120  square  miles.  Population  in  1850,  91,- 
532;  1860,  112,216;  1870,  125,015;  1880,  146,608. 

MARYLAND. 

First  settled  at  St.  Mary,  in  1634,  by  Roman  Cath- 
lics  and  English. 

Chartered,  June  20,  1632;  formed  a  Constitution, 
August  14,  1775,  which  was  amended  in  1795  and 
1799,  and  further  amended  in  November,  1812  and 
1851. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  April 
28,  1788. 

Area,  11,124  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
583,034;  1860,  687,049;  1870,  780,894;  1880,  934,943. 

New  Constitution,  abolishing  slavery,  adopted  iu 
September,  1864. 

VIRGINIA. 

First  settled  at  Jamestown,  in  1607,  by  the  En 
glish. 

Chartered,  April  10,  1606,  May  23,  1609,  and  March 
12,  1612;  formed  a  Constitution,  July  5,  1776;  amend 
ed,  January  15,  1830. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  June 
26,  1788. 

Area,  61,352  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
1,421.661;  1860,  1,219.630;  1870,  1,225,163;  1880, 
1,512,565. 

Seceded  April,  1861.     Re-admitted  January,  1870. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

First  settled  in  Albemarle,  in  1650,  by  the  En 
glish. 

Chartered,    March   20,  1663,   and  June  30,   1665; 


TABU  LA R     RECORDS. 


formed  a  Constitution,  December  18,  1776,  which  was 
amended  in  1845. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  No 
vember  21,  1789. 

Area,  50,704  square  miles.  Population  in  1850. 
869,839;  1860,  992,622;  1870,  1,071,361;  1880,  1,399,- 
750. 

Seceded  May,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

First  settled  at  Port  Royal,  in  1670,  by  the  Hugue 
nots;  in  1689  by  the  English. 

Embraced  in  the  charters  of  Carolina  or  North 
Carolina,  from  which  it  was  separated  in  1729; 
formed  a  Constitution,  March  26,  1776,  which  was 
amended,  March  19,  1778,  and  June  3,  1790. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May 
23,  1788. 

Area,  34,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
668,507;  I860,  703,708;  1870,  705,6. W;  1880,995,577. 

Seceded  November,  1860.  Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

GEORGIA. 

First  settled  at  Savannah,  in  1733,  by  Oglethorpe 
and  English. 

Chartered  June  9,  1732;  formed  a  Constitution, 
February  5,  1777,  a  second  in  1785,  a  third  May  30, 
1798,  and  amended  in  1839. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  Jan 
uary  2,  1788. 

Area,  58,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
906,185;  1860,  1,057,286;  1870,  1,184,109;  1880,  1.- 
542,180. 

Seceded  January,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

THE  STATES  ADMITTED  INTO  THE  UNION  SINCE  THE 
ADOPTION  OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION  AEE 
AS  FOLLOWS: 

VERMONT. 

First  settled  at  Fort  Dummer,  in  1764,  by  Eng 
lish  from  Connecticut,  and  under  grants  from  New 
Hampshire. 

Formed  from  Territory  of  New  York. 

Admitted  March  4,  1791. 

A  constitution  adopted  July  9,  1793. 

Area,  10,212  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
314,130;  1860,  315,098;  1870,  330,551;  1880,  332,286. 

KENTUCKY. 

First  settled  near  Lexington,  in  1765. 

Formed  from  Territory  of  Virginia. 

Admitted  June  1,  1792. 

A  Constitution  laid  before  Congress,  November  7, 
1792. 

A  new  Constitution  adopted,  August  17,  1799. 

Area,  37,680  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
982,405;  1860,  1,155,684;  1870,  1,321,011;  1880,  1,- 
648,690. 

TENNESSEE. 

First  settled  at  Fort  Donelson,  in  1756. 

Formed  from  Territory  of  North  Carolina  in  1790. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  February  6,  1796,  and 
amended  in  1835. 

Admitted  June  1,  1796. 

Area,  45,600  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
3,002,717;  |1860,  1,109,801;  1870,  1,258,520;  1880, 
1,542,359. 

Seceded  June,  1861.     Re-admitted  July,  1866. 

OHIO. 

First  settled  at  Marietta,  in  1788. 
Formed  from  Northwest  Territory.     Organized  as 
Territory  by  Ordinance  of  1787. 


Adopted  a  Constitution,  November  1, 1802;  adopted 
a  new  one  in  1851. 

Admitted  November  29,  1802. 

Area,  39,964  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
1,980,329;  1860,  2,339,511;  1870,2,665,260;  1880,  3,- 
198,062. 

LOUISIANA. 

First  settled  at  IberviUe,  in  1699. 

Formed  from  French  Territory.  Organized  as 
Territory,  March  3,  1805. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  January  22,  1812,  and 
amended  it  in  1845  and  1852.  A  new  Constitution 
formed  in  1864. 

Admitted  April  30,  1812. 

Area,  41,346  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
517,762;  1860,  708,002;  1870,  726,915;  1880,939,946. 

Seceded  January,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

INDIANA. 

First  settled  at  Vincennes,  in  1730. 

Formed  from  Northwest  Territory.  Organized  as 
Territory,  July  4,  1800. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  June  29,  1816,  and 
amended  in  1851. 

Admitted  December  11,  1816. 

Area.  33,809  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
988,416;  1860,  1,350,428;  1870,  1,680,637;  1880,  1,- 
978,301. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

First  settled  at  Natchez,  in  1716. 

Formed  from  Territory  of  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia.  Organized  as  Territory,  April  7,  1798. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  March  1,  1817,  and 
amended  in  1832. 

Admitted  December  10,  1817. 

Area,  47,156  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
606,526;  1860,  791,305;  1870,  827,922;  1880, 1,131,597. 

Seceded  January,  1861.    Re-admitted  in  1870. 

ILLINOIS. 

First  settled  at  Kaskaskia,  in  1720,  by  French. 

Formed  from  Northwest  Territory.  Organized  as 
Territory  March  1,  1809. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  August  26,1818. 

Admitted  December  3,  1818. 

Area,  55,410  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
851,470;  1860,  1,711,951;  1870,  2,539,891;  1880,  3, 
077,871. 

ALABAMA. 

First  settled  near  Mobile,  in  1702,  by  French. 

Formed  from  Territory  of  South  Carolina  ;r.id 
Georgia,  and  for  two  years  bore  the  name  of  Mis 
sissippi  Territory.  Organized  as  Territory  March  3, 
1817. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  August  2,  1819. 

Admitted  December  14,  1819. 

Area,  50,722  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
771,623;  1860,  9C4,'201;  1870.  996,992;  1880, 1,262,505. 

Seceded  January,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

MAINE. 

First  settled  at  Bristol,  in  1624,  by  the  English. 
Formed  from  Territory  of  Massachusetts. 
Adopted  a  Constitution,  October  29,  1819. 
Admitted  March  15,  1820. 

Area,  35,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
583,169;  1860,  628,279;  1870,  629,915;  1880,  648,936. 

MISSOURI. 

First  settled  at  St.  Louis,  in  1764,  by  French. 
Formed   from   French    Territory.      Organized    as 
Territory  June  4,  1812. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


Adopted  a  Constitution,  July  10,  1820. 

Admitted  August  10,  1821. 

Area,  65,350  square  miles.  Population  in  18oO, 
682,044;  1860,  1,182,012;  1870,  1,721,295;  1880,  2,- 
168,380. 

Ordinance  abolishing  slavery  adopted  in  January, 
1865. 

ARKANSAS. 

First  settled  at  Arkansas  Post,  in  1685,  by  the 
French. 

Formed  from  French  Territory,  the  Louisiana  pur 
chase.  Organized  as  Territory,  March  2,  1819. 

Presented  a  Constitution,  March  1,  1836. 

Admitted  June  15,  1836. 

Area,  52,198  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
209,897;  1860,  435,450;  1870,  484,471;  1880,  802,525. 

Seceded  March,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

MICHIGAN. 

First  settled  on  the  Detroit  River,  in  1650,  by  the 
French. 

Formed  from  Territory  originally  belonging  to 
Virginia.  Organized  as  Territory,  June  30,  1305. 

Presented  a  memorial  for  admission,  January  25, 
1833,  with  a  Constitution,  which  was  revised  in  1850. 

Admitted  January  26,  1837. 

Area,  56,451  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
97,654;  1860,  749,113;  1870,  1,184,059;  1880,  1,636,- 
937. 

FLORIDA. 

Discovered  in  1497,  and  first  explored  by  Ponce  de 
Leon  in  1512;  Settled  by  the  Spaniards. 

Formed  from  Spanish  territory.  Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  March  30,  1822. 

Presented  a  Constitution,  February  20,  1839. 

Admitted  March  3,  1845. 

Area,  59,268  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
87.445;  1860,  140,424;  1870,  187,748;  1880,  269,493. 

Seceded  January,  1861.     Re-admitted  June,  1868. 

TEXAS. 

First  settled  in  1792,  by  Spaniards. 

Was  an  Independent  Republic  after  passing  from 
Mexico. 

Admitted  December  29,  1845. 

Area,  274,356  square  miles.  Population  in  18.">0, 
212,592;  1860,  604,116;  1870;  818,579;  1880,  1,591,- 
749. 

Seceded  February,  1861.    Re-admitted  April,  1870. 

WISCONSIN. 

First  settled  at  Green  Bay,  in  1670. 
„     Formed  from  Indian  territory.      Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  July  3,  1836. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  January  21,  1847. 
Admitted  May  29,  1848. 

Area,  53,924  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
305,391;  1860,  775,881;  1870,  1,054,670;  1880,  1,315,- 
497. 

IOWA. 

First  settled  at  Galena  and  Dubuque. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory.  Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  July  3,  1838. 

Presented  a  Constitution,  December  9,  1844. 

Admitted  March  3,  1845,  and  re-admitted  with  en 
larged  boundaries,  December  28,  1846. 

Area,  55,045  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
192,214;  1860,  674,913;  1870,  1,194,020;  1880,  1,624,- 
115. 


CALIFORNIA. 

First  settled  on  the  Pacific  slope  by  Spaniards. 

Formed  from  Mexican  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution,  November  13,  1849. 

Admitted  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  188,981  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
92,597;  1860,  379,994;  1867,  493,992;  1870,  560,247; 
1880,  864,694. 

MINNESOTA. 

First  settled  on  the  St.  Peter's  River,  in  1805. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory.  Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  March  3,  1849. 

Admitted  May  11,  1858. 

Area,  85,531  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
6,079;  1860,  172,023;  1870,  439,706;  1880,  780,773. 

OREGON. 

First  settled  by  Spaniards. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory.  Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  August  14,  1848. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  in  November,  1857. 

Admitted  February  14,  1859. 

Area,  95,274  square  miles.  Population  in  1810, 
12,093;  1860,  52,465;  1867,  78,697;  1870,  190,993; 
1880,  174,768. 

KANSAS. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory.  Organized  as  Ter 
ritory,  May  30,  1854. 

Admitted  January  29,  1861. 

Area,  81,318  square  miles.  Population  in  18GO, 
107,206;  1870,  364,399;  1880,  996,096. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Formed  from  the  State  of  Virginia,  December  31, 
1862. 

Admitted  June  19,  1863. 

Area,  23,000  square  miles.  Population  in  1860, 
376,688;  1870,  442,014;  1880,  618,457. 

NEVADA. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory,  March  2,  1861. 
Admitted  October  31,  1864. 

Area,  112,090  square  miles.  Population  in  1863, 
40,000;  1867,  41,142;  1870,  42,491;  1880,  62,266. 

NEBRASKA. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Organized  as  a  Territory,  May  30,  1854. 
Admitted  March  1,  1867. 

Area,  75,995  square  miles,  Population  in  1860, 
28,841;  1870,  122,993;  1880,  452,402. 

COLORADO. 

Organized  as  a  Territory  February  28,  1861. 

Admitted  August  1,  1876. 

Area,  104,500  square  miles.  Population  in  1867, 
estimated  not  including  Indiana,  37,391;  1870,  39,864; 
1880,  194,327. 

TERRITORIES   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 
UTAH. 

Organized  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  88,056  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
11,380;  1867,  estimated  not  including  Indians,  80  - 
546;  1870,  86,78(J;  1880,  143,963. 


TABULAR     RECORDS. 


cvii 


NEW  MEXICO. 

Organized  December  13,  1850. 

Area,  124,450  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
61,547;  1867,  estimated  not  including  Indians,  93,- 
516;  1870,  91,874;  1880,  119,565. 

WASHINGTON. 

Organized  March  2,  1853. 

Area,  69,994  square  miles.  Population  in  1850, 
1,201;  1867,  estimated  not  including  Indians,  17,391; 
1870,  23,955;  1880,  75,116. 

DAKOTA. 

Organized  March  2,  1861. 

Area,  240,595  square  miles.  Population  in  1867, 
not  including  Indians,  5,321:  1870,  14,181;  1880, 
135,177. 

ARIZONA. 

Organized  February  24,  1863. 

Area,  113,916  square  miles.  Population  in  1867, 
not  including  Indians,  5,000;  1870,  9,658;  1880,  40,- 
440. 

IDAHO. 

Organized  March  3,  1863. 

Area,  90,932  square  miles.  Population  in  1867,  in 
cluding  Indians,  20,000;  1870,  14,999,  not  including 
Indians;  1880,  32,610. 

MONTANA. 

Organized  May  26,  1864. 

Area,  143,776  square  miles.  Population  in  1867, 
including  Indians,  30,000;  1870,  not  including  Indi 
ans,  20,595;  1880,  39,159. 

WYOMING. 

Organized  July  25,  1868. 

Area,  106,000  square  miles.  Estimated  population, 
1870,  9,118;  1880,  20,789. 

ALASKA. 

Obtained  by  treaty  from  Russia,  1867. 
Area,  377,390  square  miles.     Population  in  1870, 
70,000,  estimated. 

INDIAN. 

Area,  68,991  square  miles.     Population  unknown. 


DISTRICT   OF   COLUMBIA. 

Established  under  the  First  Article  of  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States:  "  Congress  shall  have 
power  to  exercise  exclusive  legislation,  in  all  cases 
whatsoever,  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten1 
miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States, ' 
and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,"  etc.  In  pur-j 
suunce  of  which  provision  the  State  of  Maryland,  j 
December  23,  1788,  passed  "An  act  to  cede  to  Con-| 
gress  a  district  of  ten  miles  square  in  this  State,  for 
the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States." 

And  the  State  of  Virginia,  December  3,  1789, 
passed  "An  act  for  the  cession  of  ten  miles  square, 
or  any  lesser  quantity  of  territory  within  this  State, 
to  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  for  the 
permanent  seat  of  the  General  Government." 

These  cessions  were  accepted  by  Congress,  as  re 
quired  by  the  Constitution,  and  the  permanent  seat 
of  Government  established  by  the  "Act  for  estab 
lishing  the  temporary  and  permanent  seat  of  the  Gov 


ernment  of  the  United  States,"  approved  July  16, 
1790;  and  the  act  to  amend  the  same,  approved 
March  3,  1791. 

The  district  of  ten  miles  square  was  accordingly 
located,  and  its  lines  and  boundaries  particularly 
established  by  a  proclamation  of  George  Washington, 
President  of  the  United  States,  March  30,  1791,  and 
by  the  "Act  concerning  the  District  of  Columbia," 
approved  February  27,  1801,  Congress  assumed  com 
plete  jurisdiction  over  the  said  district,  as  contem 
plated  by  the  framers  of  the  Constitution. 

Area,  originally  100  square  miles,  now  about  60. 
Population  in  1850,  51,687;  1860,  75,080;  1866,  118,- 
867;  1870,  131,700;  1880,  177,624. 

In  1846  that  portion  of  the  District  lying  south  of 
the  Potomac  was  retroceded  to  Virginia  by  act  of 
Congress.  Slavery  was  abolished  in  this  District  by 
an  act  of  Congress,  approved  April  16,  1862. 


INCREASE  OF  AREA  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  United  States  commenced  its  career  as  an  ac 
knowledged  Government  with  a  landed  area  of  827,- 
844  square  miles;  cession  by  France  in  1803,  1,171,- 
931  square  miles,  and  cost,  $23,500,000;  cession  by 
Spain  in  1819,  59,268  square  miles,  and  cost,  $6,500,- 
000;  annexation  of  Texas  in  1845,  376,163  square 
miles;  cession  of  Mexico  in  1848,  591,318  square  miles, 
and  cost,  $15,000,000;  cession  by  Russia  in  1867, 
577,390  square  miles,  and  cost,  $7,200,000.  Total 
area,  including  lakes  and  rivers,  4,000,000  square 
miles. 

ORIGIN  OF  THE  NAMES  OF  STATES. 

Maine  was  so  called  as  early  as  1623,  from  Maine, 
in  France,  of  which  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  En 
gland,  was  at  that  time  proprietress.  Popular  name 
—The  Pine  Tree  State. 

New  Hampshire  was  the  name  given  to  the  territory 
conveyed  by  the  Plymouth  Company  to  Captain  John 
Mason,  by  patent,  November  7,  1629,  with  reference 
to  the  patentee,  who  was  Governor  of  Portsmouth, 
in  Hampshire,  England.  Popular  name — The  Granite 
State. 

Vermont  was  so  called  by  the  inhabitants  in  their 
Declaration  of  Independence,  January  16,  1777,  from 
the  French  verd  mont,  the  Green  Mountains.  Popu 
lar  name — The  Green  Mountain  State. 

Massachusetts  was  so  called  from  Massachusetts 
Bay,  and  that  from  the  Massachusetts  tribe  of  In 
dians,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston.  The  tribe  is 
thought  to  have  derived  its  name  from  the  Blue  Hills 
of  Milton.  "I  had  learnt,"  says  Roger  Williams, 
"  that  the  Massachusetts  were  so  called  from  the  Blue 
Hills."  Popular  name — The  Bay  State. 

Rhode  Island  was  so  called,  in  1664,  in  reference  to 
the  Island  of  Rhodes,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Popu 
lar  name — Little  Rhody. 

Connecticut  was  so  called  from  the  Indian  name  of 
its  principal  river.  Connecticut  is  a  Mocheakannew 
word,  signifying  long  river.  Popular  names — The 
Nutmeg  or  Free  Stone  State. 

New  York  was  so  called,  in  1664,  in  reference  to 
the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  to  whom  this  terri 
tory  was  granted  by  the  King  of  England.  Popular 
names — The  Empire  or  Excelsior  State. 

New  Jersey  was  so  called,  in  1664,  from  the  Island 
of  Jersey,  on  the  coast  of  France,  the  residence  of  Sir 
George  Carteret,  to  whom  the  territory  was  granted. 

Pennsylvania  was  so  called,  in  1681,  after  William 
Penn.  Popular  name — The  Keystone  State. 

Delaware  was  so  called,  in  1703,  from  Delaware 
Bay,  on  which  it  lies,  and  which  received  its  name 


Cviii 


TABULAR    KECORDS. 


from  Lord  de  la  War,  who  died  in  this  bay.  Popular 
names — The  Blue  Hen,  or  Diamond  State. 

Maryland  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Henrietta  Maria, 
Queen  of  Charles  L,  in  his  patent  to  Lord  Baltimore, 
June  30,  1632. 

Virginia  was  so  called,  in  1584,  after  Elizabeth, 
the  Virgin  Queen  of  England.  Popular  names — The 
Old  Dominion,  or  Mother  of  Presidents. 

Carolina  was  so  called  by  the  French,  in  1564,  in 
'honor  of  King  Charles  IX.  of  France.  Popular  name 
of  South  Carolina — The  Palmetto  State;  of  North 
Carolina— The  Old  North,  or  Tar  Heel  State. 

Georgia  was  so  called,  in  1732,  in  honor  of  King 
George  II.  Popular  name — The  Cracker  State. 

A'abama  was  so  called,  in  1814,  from  its  principal 
river,  meaning  here  we  rest. 

Mississippi  was  so  called,  in  1800,  from  its  western 
boundary.  Mississippi  is  said  to  denote  the  whole 
river,  that  is,  the  river  formed  by  the  union  of  many. 
Popular  name — The  Bayou  State. 

Louisiana  was  so  called  in  honor  of  Louis  XIV.  of 
France.  Popular  name — The  Creole  State. 

Tennessee  was  so  called,  in  1796,  from  its  principal 
river.  The  word  Ten-as-se  is  said  to  signify  a  curved 
spoon.  Popular  name — The  Big  Bend  State. 

Kentucky  was  so  called,  in  1792,  from  its  principal 
river.  Popular  name — The  State  of  the  Dark  and 
Bloody  Ground. 

Illinois  was  so  called,  in  1809,  from  its  principal 
river.  This  word  is  said  to  signify  the  river  of  men. 
Popular  names — The  Sucker,  or  Prairie  State. 

Indiana  was  so  called,  in  1809.  from  the  American 
Indians.  Popular  name — The  Ho  j  si  IT  State. 

Ohio  was  so  called,   in  1802,   from  its  southern 


boundary.  Popular  name — The  Buckeye  State. 
Meaning  of  Indian  word  Ohio-i,  beautiful. 

Missouri  was  so  called,  in  1821,  from  its  principal 
river.  Indian  name,  meaning  muddy  water. 

Michigan  was  so  called,  in  1805,  from  the  lake  on 
its  border.  Indian  name,  meaning  a  weir  for  fish. 
Popular  name — The  Wolverine  State. 

Arkansas  was  so  called,  in  1812,  from  its  principal 
river.  Indian  name.  Popular  name — The  Bear 
State. 

Florida  was  so  called  by  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  in 
1572,  because  it  was  discovered  on  Easter  Sunday; 
in  Spanish,  Pascura  Florida. 

Wisconsin  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river. 
Indian  name,  meaning  wild  rushing  river.  Popular 
name — The  Badger  State. 

Iowa  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river.  Indian 
name,  meaning  the  sleepy  ones.  Popular  name — 
Hawkey  e  State. 

Oregon  was  so  called  from  its  principal  river.  In 
dian  name,  meaning  river  of  the  west. 

Minnesota  is  also  an  Indian  word,  meaning  the 
whitish  water.  Popular  name — The  Gopher  State. 

California,  a  Spanish  word,  and  named  from  an 
arm  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Popular  name — the  Gold 
en  State. 

Texas,  a  Spanish  word  applied  to  the  Republic. 
Popular  name — The  Lone  Star  State. 

Kansas  is  an  Indian  name,  meaning  the  smoky  water. 
Popular  name — The  Jayhawker  State. 

West  Virginia.     So  called  after  Virginia. 

Nevada  is  a  Spanish  word,  meaning  white  with  snow. 
Popular  name — Sage  Hen  State. 

Nebraska — an  Indian  word, 


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